2020 Architectural Portfolio_Sem.1 _HKU

RESPONSIVE STRUCTURES

to site and cultural dynamics in Peng Chau Island HKU MASTER STUDIO Géraldine Borio, Eike Schling Alex Cheng Yuk Sing (3035776646

The University of Hong Kong, Department of Architecture Sem.1 2020-2021

1:50 Physical Model of Design Project

CONTENT Part 1 - Site Analysis The site analysis of Peng Chau is carried out as group work and divided into 8 parts, including air, sea, land, people, infrastructure, bamboo theater & heritage, dragon boat, dragon dance and local festival. Each topic is studied by a person and all pieces of information are gathered and shared.

Traditional bamboo crafting of lion’s head is chosen for detailed study individually with the interview with the local residents.

Part 2 - Additional Research Additional research is conducted as pair work. As fishing is confirmed as the main program of the design, the additional research of fishing history, activities and environment on Peng Chau is carried out for the better understanding of fishing and solidification of the background information to support the narrative and ideas of design afterwards. Mapping, photos and sketches are used to explain the site location and demonstrate the current situation of fishing on Peng Chau respectively.

Part 3 - Design Project Design project is carried out as pair work. A fishing platform is extended from the shore to the sea rock in the southwest of Tai Lei. It highly responds to the environment for easy fishing, promotes self-sufficiency for Peng Chau’s residents and creates an attractive journey to allow people experience Peng Chau’s slow living lifestyle, for instance, they are encouraged to spend time to feel the environmental changes.

PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

Fig. 1: Project

OBSERVATORY [carftsmanship] Definition Dragon and lion dance is one of the traditional ritual in Hong Kong especially in Peng Chau during major festivals.

The structure of dragon and lion are made by lightweight bamboo.

This research is forcing on traditional bamboo handicraft in Hong Kong by using a lion head’s structure. In order to understand this bamboo handicraft, the traditional processes of treating bamboo, hand tools, the structure of bamboo lion head and the relationship between the lion structure and the dancer to be explored.

紮作 與

獅 藝

PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

BAMBOO CRAFTING TECHNIQUE - LION DANCE Cheng Yuk Sing Alex

The Art of Craft in the 21st Century

Principles of Bamboo Craft

The production of lion heads are divided into four major processes: binding, fluttering, writing, and attire, with more than 1,300 steps.“ Nowadays because of complex production processes, many young people are unwilling to learn lion head making techniques.

Lion dance“ is a folk performance art that pays attention to the conformity of form and meaning. The meaning part means that the performer must figure out the form and movement of the lion, and integrate the lion‘s animalism and domineering into the rhythm and rhythm Presented in a vivid manner. Shape refers to the lion costume draped on the performer. The lion head is the most important part to show the lion‘s form and charm. The performer who operates the lion head is also the protagonist of the entire performance. The performance of lion determines people‘s impression of this lion, so lion head production is of crucial importance in this performing art.

PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

In terms of handicraft, the physical artefact should be made by hand and used hand tools to assist. It can not be created or designed by using computer. Fig. 4 & 5 also can demonstrate the meaning of craft.

Fig. 2: Color Painting for Lion Head

Fig. 4 Hand Tools for Crafting

Fig. 3: Categories of this Craft

Fig. 5: Principles of Bamboo Craft

Historic Story

Fig. 6: Historic example

Fig. 6: Mr. Leung‘s Portrait

Protagonist

Fig. 7: Current examples

Fig. 8: Local examples

Mr. Leung started to learn and participated in many different kind of carftmenships, such as dragon and lion crafting in Chinese festive celebrations when he was a child. He had also made largest flower basket during chinese festive celebration in Peng Chau.

For interview with Mr. Leung, mainly are focusing on five questions. (1) What kind of tools you use for this craft? (2) Why bamboo always become as a main material for making a lion? (3) The process of making bamboo craft (4) The structure of the lion head (5) Any typical join for bamboo craft.

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PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

Bamboo has been using to construct the structure of traditional dragon and lion in Hong Kong many years ago. The late 1940s, many craftsmen immigrated to Hong Kong from mainland China. Therefore, it speeded up the craftsmanship in Hong Kong. Fig. 6 is showing people selling lanterns made by bamboo and paper during Mid-Autumn Festival in Hong Kong in 1945.

Hand Tools

PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

4

With reference to the interview with Mr. Leung, he demonstrated different kind of tools and materials for bamboo craft. He said that a craftsman must sharpen his tools firstly if he would like to do it well. That is why when start to work on a craft, it should learn how to use the tools first and.

Also, bamboo strips and gauze paper (紗紙) are the important materials to construct a lion head frames. For bamboo strips, it must to be firm, light and flexible in order to create a very light lion head structure. Generally, the wight of lion head is not more than 4 kg.

3

1 5

2 Fig. 10: Bamboo Strips

1. Twelve-Way Splitter 2. Lighter 3. Machete 4. Splitting Knife 5. Scissors

Fig. 11: Gauze Paper

Fig. 9: Hand Tools for Bamboo Craft Processes of Treating Bamboo Step 1: Making Strips Twelve-Way Splitter: In terms of firm, light and flexible, bamboo can be slit to twelve strips easily by using the twelve-way splitter. For the use of splitter, put the central point of splitter to the bamboo culm then use the floor as a base to pushing the splitter down to the end.

Step 2: Smoothing

Fig. 12: Step 1

Spitting Knife: After making strips used splitter, the edges of bamboo strip shall be very sharp and has a lot of splinters. Those splinters can be removed by using spitting knife. Besides, the function of the smoothing part not only removes those splinter but also changes the form of bamboo strip in order to give flexibility to bamboo strip. So that it can easily curve different forms.

Fig. 13: Step 2

Dia. 1: The Form of Bamboo Splitter

PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

Fig. 14: Step 3

Fig. 15: After Heat Treatment

Step 3: Lighting and Curving Lighter and Candle: To curve the strip as 90 degree or more, we have to use heat treatment over at 100 degrees to heat the internodes in order to create tension inside the internodes. After heat casted off, the internodes will become extremely hard.

Dia. 2: Curving Direction After Heat Treatment

Fig. 16: Step 4

Fig. 17: Step 5 Step 4 and 5: Rolling Gauze Paper and Bonding To bonding the bamboo strip by using gauze paper, the gauze paper must be rolled in order to make the paper more strong. After that, coat paste to the rolled paper then stick and coil to the bamboo strip.

Dia. 3: The Properties of Gauze Paper and Junction

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PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

Fig. 18: Mr. Cheng‘s Portrait Fig. 19: Hong Kong Competition

Protagonist Mr. Cheng is a coach from Kwok’s Kung Fu & Dragon Lion Dance Team in Hong Kong. He has been learning martial arts over 15 years including dragon and lion dance. He also represented Hong Kong to participate in many martial arts competitions.

Fig. 20: Teaching Martial Arts

For interview with Mr. Cheng, mainly are focusing on the relationship between the structure of lion head and dancer and what spirits shall be performed on the lion’s face when the dancer use it for presenting traditional dance.

Introduction of lion‘s head Lion dance in China has two types: Southern and Northern lion. Mr. Cheng explained that making a lion also need to represent its characters, such as happy and brave. For the dancing way of dancer or performer is depended what lion’s character is. Dia. 4 shown main notable features in crafting a bamboo frame: lion’s forehead, back, mouth, eyebrow and horn.

Dia. 4: The Arrangement of lion‘s head

During the interview, Mr. Cheng also demonstrated the details inside the lion head, especially those moveable parts. Fig. 20 shown that those red string pass through metal roller then connected to the structure of lion’s eyebrow. According to what Mr. Cheng said, those moveable systems can help the lion look more realistic when moving around the lion head. From Fig. 21 shown a dancer inside the lion head and how to control the string in order to move lion’s eyebrow. Making the roller part in traditional way usually is using a single metal string instead of a metal roller. In Fig. 22 also can see making this detail in a traditional way.

Dia. 5 Detail of Moveable Part

Fig 21: Dancer Inside The Lion Head

Fig 22: Inside The Lion Head with Paper Mask

Fig 23: Bamboo Structure of Lion Head with Moveable Parts

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PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

Moveable Parts Inside Lion‘s Head

PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

Main Structure and Sub Structure of Lion Head

Dwg 1: Main Structure and Sub Structure of Lion Head, Scale: 1 :2

PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

Structural Logic and Detail

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PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE) 1 : 1 Detail Model of Lion Head

PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

Shown Junctions between Main Structure and Sub Structure

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4

Dia. 6 The Sequences of Model Making

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PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE) Progress Photos

The Situation in Peng Chau

Temporary Structure

Fig 24: Temporary Structure in Peng Chau

Temporary Structure - Case Study These shading project in Madinah Piazza is a infrastructure and offer larger spaces for peoples gathering in front of the Mosque to pray. These system are two different heights because it can allow the membranes over-lapped and created a continuous space. It is a lighweigh structures and the membranes are builded by glass-fibre-reinforced composite.

Fig 25 : Madinah Piazza Shading Project

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PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

Fig. 24 shown that Peng Chau’s residents are using steel, wheel and canvas to build the temporary shelter for covering their commodity. However, the temporary shelter can be more meaningful and serviced for festival events. Therefore, I am looking for a moveable and durable infrastructure.

Also, it’s easy to repair.

The Structure of Madinah Piazza Shading Project

PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

The structure system of Madinah Piazza’s shading project is like a general folding umbrella structure but its automatically moves. This system allows a flexibility for using spaces especially in Peng Chau.

Part Section

Structure of Folding Umbrella

Structure of Madinah Piazza Shading Project Part Plan

Summary

Using Rhino to Model the Lion Head

Using Hand Drawn to Model the Lion Head

To summarize that when I studied bamboo structure of lion head, I used a 3D modeling software. Also, I had been using hand drawing to explore the structure and geometry after using a computer. In my opinion, it is better to explore this bamboo crafting through my own hand rather than a digital software because it is not a building or product needed to be precise and accurate. It needs to be artistic and creative through the emotion of the creator.

However, 3D modeling software also is an essential part for the future since refer to what those interviews said that traditional handicraft and culture are to be lost. Such that using 3D modeling software can record data and the crafting procedures and pass to next generation.

List of Figures

[1] The legend of Chinese lion dance, Xianggang: Chao Mei Ti Chu Ban You Xian Gong Si. [2] Stangler, C. (2009). The craft & art of bamboo : 30 eco-friendly projects to make for home & garden. New York: Lark Books.

[3] utor: Joey Yap (2016). The art of lion dance = Xing shi. Editorial: Kuala Lumpur: Joey Yap Research Group.

[4] Gale Beth Goldberg (2004). Bamboo style. Salt Lake City, Utah: Gibbs Smith.

[5] Cattanach, W. (2005). Handcrafting bamboo fly rods. New York: Lyons Press.

[1] www.chinadaily.com.cn. (n.d.). Lion dances to new beat[1]- Chinadaily. com.cn. [online] Available at: https:// www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/201412/11/content_19067059.htm#Contentp [Accessed 15 Sep. 2020].

[2] www.chinadaily.com.cn. (n.d.). Lion dances to new beat[1]- Chinadaily. com.cn. [online] Available at: https:// www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/201412/11/content_19067059.htm#Contentp [Accessed 15 Sep. 2020].

[3] Uncovering Cities. (2017). Keeping Culture Alive: Ken Mo, The Dragon And Lion Master. [online] Available at:

PART 1 - SITE ANAYLSIS (LION DANCE)

Bibliography

https://uncoveringcities.com/keepingculture-alive-ken-mo-the-dragonand-lion-master/ [Accessed 15 Sep. 2020].

[4] Stangler, C. (2009). The craft & art of bamboo : 30 eco-friendly projects to make for home & garden. New York: Lark Books.

[5] Stangler, C. (2009). The craft & art of bamboo : 30 eco-friendly projects to make for home & garden. New York: Lark Books.

[6] www.facebook.com. (n.d.). [online] Available at: https://m.facebook.com/2021670614786179/ posts/2519462515006984/ [Accessed 15 Sep. 2020].

[10] aliexpress.com. (n.d.). US $20.0 |Best Tonkion Bamboo strips for making bamboo fishing rod|Fishing Rods| - AliExpress. [online] Available at: https://www.aliexpress.com/ item/10000166464391.html [Accessed 15 Sep. 2020].

[11] item.jd.com. (n.d.). [online] Available at: https://item.jd.com/28711875239. html [Accessed 15 Sep. 2020].

[21] www.google.com.hk. (n.d.). Redirect Notice. [online] Available at: https:// images.app.goo.gl/Qts6UhJSJKDpLEbY7 [Accessed 15 Sep. 2020].

[22] CNN. (n.d.). Understanding the Chinese lion dance. [online] Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/travel/gallery/ lion-dance-cny/index.html [Accessed 15 Sep. 2020].

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PART 2 - ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

Photo taken on the connection bridge, Tai Lei on 08th September 2020.

FISHING ON PENG CHAU Alex CHENG Yuk Sing, Alex WONG Yu Ming

PART 2 - ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

According to the site analysis, fishing is chosen as the main program of the design. The additional research of fishing history, activities and environment on Peng Chau enhances the understanding of fishing and solidates the background information to support the narrative and ideas of designed fishing platform afterwards.

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PART 2 - ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

MAP OF PENG CHAU (1:5000)

PART 2 - ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

Fishing is mainly affected by sea, land, infrastructure and air. The southwest of Tai Lei Island is the most ideal fishing spot with the stable water current, good accessibility, optimum water depth, relatively better seawater quality, fewer human activities, appropriate wind direction and steady wind speed.

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PART 2 - ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

According to the centralised development, fragmented street layout and the increasing amount of visitor on Peng Chau, the local lifestyle is affected and the community is overcrowded, especially during festivals. As Tai Lei Island is currently isolated as an island of utilities and the most popular fishing spot on Peng Chau, there is an opportunity to attract people from the center of Peng Chau by upgrading the existing public ferry pier and expanding the public space for recreational use on Tai Lei.

Existing Key Places / Services / Issues [1] Tin Hau Temple [2] Tin Hau Parade during the 21st of 7th lunar month [3] Public Ferry Pier [4] Peng Chau to Central Ferry Services [5] Peng Chau to Mui Wo Ferry Services [6] Peng Chau to Hei Ling Chau Ferry Services [7] The center of Peng Chau with fragmented street layout and zoning Opportunities [I] Public ferry pier to be upgraded as the alternative [II] Alternative ferry services to Central [III] Attracting people from the center of Peng Chau to Tai Lei Island [IV] Attracting people to visit the north of Peng Chau [V] Expansion of public space for recreational use Design Intent The south of Tai Lei is currently abandoned with greenery, which can be potentially developed as the expansion of public space for recreational use.

The existing ferry pier in the south of Tai Lei currently serves the surrounding utilities and it is potentially upgraded as the alternative for the ferry services to Central to attract people to the north of Peng Chau and tackle the overcrowding of the center of the island.

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PART 2 - ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

MAP OF TAI LEI (1:2000)

10:00

11:00

PART 2 - ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

[Location A] Connection bridge between Tai Lei and Peng Chau

[Location B] Public pier on Tai Lei

[Location C] The abandoned green area in the south of Tai Lei

[Location D] The sea rock in the southwest of Tai Lei

13:00

15:00

20:00

FISHING HISTORY AND ENVIRONMENT

Peng Chau was originated as a fishing port since 200 years ago, however, the fishing industry had been declined due to over-fishing, reclamation and pollution.

Nowadays, Tai Lei Islands acts as a natural barrier and remains as the main fishing spot on Peng Chau with appropriate wind direction, normal wind speed and stable seawater temperature, which increase the amount and level of activities of fish.

Generally, it is the best for fishing from April to October as the fish spawning period and wet season. Also, the change of sea water level is critical to fishing, for instance, it is easier for fishing during high tide.

Thus, the designed fishing platform should be able to re-introduce fishing to the existing community, especially to the young generation, and respond to the sea water level change for easy fishing.

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PART 2 - ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

18:00

PART 2 - ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

Fishing Type A - Fishing Rod

Fishing Type B - Handlining

Fishing Type D - Trawler Purse-seine Net

FISHING ACTIVITIES

For using the fishing rod, it is composed of a long flexible rod and fishing line with a hook at the end. The fishing reel stores the fishing line and controls its length to assist in throwing the hook to the deeper part of sea and landing the fish.

According to the length of the rod, sufficient space is required for using the fishing rod to fish.

For handlining, it is the most simple fishing method by using a single fishing line with a fishing lure or hook. Fishes are attracted by the bait and hooked by the fishing lure or hook. It is mostly applied along the shore and shallow water area.

Fish trap is another common fishing tool to attract fishes with the bait and trap them in the mesh container. It is easy to observe and harvest fishes, especially in the shallow water area.

Fishing Type C - Fish Trap

On the other hand, trawler purse-seine net is the most efficient fishing method by a boat with a large bag of netting. The weights assist to expand purse-seine in the sea to trap the fishes. It is applicable in the deep water area.

Finally, the fishes hooked by the fishing line or rod or trapped in the fishing trap or purse-seine are loaded onto the shore manually. Plastic basket and box, which are waterproof, are commonly used to contain fishes for transporting afterwards.

Loading and Packing Page 29

PART 2 - ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

Currently, there are four types of fishing activity on Peng Chau, such as using the fishing rod, handlining, fish trap and trawler purse-seine net.

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

Photo of sea rock in the southwest of Tai Lei taken on 08th September 2020.

RESPONSIVE STRUCTURE FOR FISHING Alex CHENG Yuk Sing, Alex WONG Yu Ming

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

Based on the site analysis and additional research, a responsive structure for fishing in the southwest of Tai Lei on Peng Chau is designed. There are three main design ideas, including to respond to the environment for easy fishing, promote self-sufficiency for local residents and create an attractive journey for people to experience Peng Chau’s slow living lifestyle. To demonstrate this, people can catch the fishes for food or trade and be encouraged to spend time to feel the environmental changes.

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PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

There are various kinds of environmental consideration for achieving a human-based, functional and efficient fishing platform in the south of Tai Lei Island. To demonstrate this, the designed fishing platform allows easy fishing in the area with relatively better water quality, creates a comfortable environment with minimised disturbance from the utilities for fishing, combines with the existing sea rock as additional recreational space and provides a clear vision of Peng Chau and Lantau Island.

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PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

SITE MAP (1:750)

COLLAGE PE

The designed fishing platform embraces the site with the existing ferry pier and integr

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

Existing Ferry Pier

Peng Chau

LONGITUDINAL

The section cut from the shore to the deep water area demonstrates the circulation

ZONE 6 Fishing Rod + Observation

ZONE 5 Fish Trap near Sea Rock

ZONE 4 Circulation

ZONE Seating + Loading & Packing + Doc

ERSPECTIVE

rates into the peaceful landscape of Peng Chau with the humble colours and materials.

Existing Sea Rock

Designed Fishing Platform

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

Lantau Island

SECTION (1:200)

ns for different target users and the spatial relationship between different programs.

3 ck (for Trawler Purse-seine Net)

ZONE 2 Handlining + Circulation

ZONE 1 Fish Trap near Shore Page 35

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

PARTIAL LONGITUDI

Sillago comm area (e Chau. usuall seabe is ap spawn year, spawn ZONE 6 Fishing Rod + Observation It provides a large area of uncovered space for using the fishing rod, which is approximately 5m long, and allows people to observe the beautiful view of Peng Chau and Lantau Island.

ZONE 5 Fish Trap near Se

As the sea rock acts as a natu fishes, it is preferrable for usi

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

INAL SECTION (1:75)

o Sihama is the most mon fish in the deep water e.g. 2 - 8m deep) of Peng . It is yellow-brown and ly found on the silty sand ed. Its maximum length pproximately 30cm. Its ning occurs in the whole however, its peak of ning is from April to July.

ea Rock

ural barrier to attract ing fish trap to fish.

ZONE 4 Circulation The static structure allows the attachment of staircase for vertical circulation.

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PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

PARTIAL LONGITUDI

ZON Seating + Loading & Packing + D

The dock allows people to fish in the most de by boat and the voids allow efficient lo

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

INAL SECTION (1:75)

NE 3 Dock (for Trawler Purse-seine Net)

eep water area, which is in the west of Tai Lei, oading and packing of fishes manually.

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PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

PARTIAL LONGITUDI

ZONE 2 Handlining + Circulation

The static structure allows the attachment of staircase and ramp for ver Also, the floating platform provides space for handlining in the shallo

rtical circulation. ow water area.

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

INAL SECTION (1:75)

Sebastiscus Marmoratus is commonly found in the shallow water area (e.g. 1 - 2m deep) of Peng Chau. It is a kind of rockfishes, which stay in the gap of rocks or any other visual obstacles for easy feeding. It is usually red or black coloured and 6 - 8.5 cm long. Its spawning occurs in the whole year, however, its peak of spawning is from November to February.

ZONE 1 Fish Trap near Shore As many species of fish, including Sebastiscus Marmoratus, are commonly found in the shallow water area near the shore, it allows easy fishing by using fish trap.

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LAYOUT PLA 3

1. Static Observation Deck

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3

2. Expandable Deck to the Existing Sea Rock 3. Expandable Deck with Seating

4 7

4. Staircase

7 7

5. Ramp 6. Existing Sea Rock 7. Void

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3

6

1/F - Observation + Relaxation

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

1

1. Uncovered Deck for Fishing Rod 2. Covered Space for Packing of Fishes 3. Staircase 4. Ramp

3 1

6

7

6

2

6

7

5. Existing Shore 6. Void for Loading of Fishes 7. Void

UG/F - Fishing Rod + Packing + Circulation

1. Dock for Trawler Purse-seine Net 1

2. Deck for Fish Trap 3. Deck for Handlining 4. Staircase

4 2

5

2

5. Water Area for Fish Trap 6. Water Area for Loading of Fishes 7. Canal

LG/F - Dock (for Trawler Purse-seine Net) + Loading + Fish Trap + Handlining

1

ANS (1:200) 1

5

7

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

1

3 6

4

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5

3

4 7

5

3

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TRANSVERSE SECTION (1:75)

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

The main structural system holds the building up with columns, longitudinal trusses, transverse trusses and s Also, the expandable deck connects with the sea rock by elevating the floating deck according to the cha

UG

Existing Sea Rock (Granite)

LG/F - D

Sea Level at 2.3m

Sea Level at 1.3m

Sea Level at 0.2m

Approx. 3.5m Thk. Brownish Yellow Loose Silty Sand (Alluvium)

Approx. 0.5m Thk. Brownish Yellow Loose Silty Sand with Gravels ( Completely Decomposed Granite)

Intrusive Igneous Rock - Granite

SECTIONAL DIAGRAM (1:200)

secondary beams. ange of tide.

High Tide - The floating dock is raised, the deck horizontally expands to reduce the distance from the existing sea rock and the louvres transform into the seating.

1/F - Observation + Relaxation

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

G/F - Fishing Rod + Packing + Circulation Average Sea Level

Dock + Loading + Fish Trap + Handlining

mPD (11:04am in 5th of 5th Lunar Month)

mPD (01:17am in 5th of 5th Lunar Month)

mPD (07:01pm in 5th of 5th Lunar Month)

Low Tide - The deck horizontally shrinks to become a circulation path with louvres on the side.

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PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT Photos of 1:200 Physical Model

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PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT Photos of 1:50 Physical Model

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PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT

PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT Photos of Development Models

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PART 3 - DESIGN PROJECT