Egypt Magazine for School

Egyptian Times EXCLUSIVE NEWS: The King’s Burial GEOGRAPHY: The Gift of the Nile SPORTS: Javelin and Dance is Cool!

RELIGION: A Kingdom of Many Gods INSIDE: How to Make a Mummy!

EGYPT

1 GOLD COIN

Alex Esquivel February 2012

Dedication

Table of Contents Dedication

1

The Death of Our King

2

The Unification of Egypt

3

Our Gift of the Nile River

4

Sports and Dance

5

Food from the Nile River

6

The Kingdom of Many God

7

I dedicate this magazine to our god Re-Horakty god of the sun. I chose this god because he is a mighty & powerful god. Also there is a myth going on that he is the god or even ruler of the universe. We worship him because he is capable of doing great damage to our empire. He will get really mad if we don’t give offerings to Re-Horakty and cause there to be a severe storm. If I were you I would not disrespect the gods or you will regret it!

I’m not kidding!

Thanks to my mom and dad with helping me with the graphics! I love you!

Alex

During his reign he also moved the capital back to Thebes.

He changed his name to King Tutankhamun so he can bring attention to all the changes he was making. King Tutankhamun worked to reestablished diplomatic relations with other Kingdoms. Even with his efforts, battles arise with Nubians and Asiatics.

A Great Pharoh The Death of our King Tut

By Alex Esquivel

King Tutankhamen, king of ancient Egypt died on his 19th birthday. In 1334 BC he became Pharaoh, at only 9 years old. The young Pharaoh was married to Akhenalons third daughter, Ankhesenpaaton.

King Tutankhamun and his wife had two daughters but unfortunately they did not survive birth.

He govern for just 9 years, the cause of his death remains a mystery. Since he was a young King, his elderly official Ay was his regent and designated Grand Vizier. General Horembeb was designated as deputy of King Tutankhamun, who at his sudden death General Horembeb was recognized as heir.

At his third year of reign, the Pharaoh overturned multiple changes that his late father made during his reign. He reestablishes the worship of the God Amun. He gave back the privileges to its priesthood.

King Tut’s Burial Gifts for the Afterlife

His tomb was built at the last minute. This is indicated by the size of the tomb and very little wall paintings. It usually takes up to 20 years to build a Pharaoh final rest place.

His coffin of solid gold weights 250 pounds. His funerary mask honors his features in gold and semi-precious stones. His tomb exposes treasures even though it was modesty furnished. King Tutankhamun would be known for his wealth and will make him one of the most famous Pharaohs of Ancient History.

Unification of Egypt We chose to begin our official history with a king named “Meni” who we believed had united the two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt.

Egypt was divided into two kingdoms about 3100 BC. One called the Upper Kingdom and the other and the Lower Kingdom. The Kingdoms were unified into a single kingdom by Menes about 3000 BC. There are people who say that Egypt was united before Menes but, unifications of Upper and Lower Egypt in Predynastic Period were short lived and under Menes began the final phase of making the Egyptian lands into a single kingdom.

In the two kingdoms there were 42 regions called nomes ruled by nomarchs. Egyptian pharaohs had an absolute power.

They were considered reincarnations of god Horus in life, viewed as divine and worshiped like gods. There are 20 in lower Egypt and 22 in Upper Egypt, unification was not intended to end to these mini governments whose ultimate allegiance was to the to pharaoh, but each had their own favored gods and goddesses and could set taxation rate in specific goods and services and introduce laws that were in addition to those that were acknowledged to be the law of the country.

King Tut’s Burial Tomb

The transition to a unified state actually happened more gradually than the ancient Egyptian writers would have us believe, and there is no contemporary record of Menes.

The actual process of unification was achieved by a series of proposals, discussions, and negotiations. Personal lobbying and calling upon old allegiances and favors of the leaders of individual nomes or provinces that made up Upper and Lower Egypt was very important, just as it is in politics of the modern era.

Source(s): Ancient Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia History Government and economy|Language|Culture

The Gift of the Nile River Egyptians enjoy many natural barriers. We have deserts to the east and west of the Nile River and mountains to the south. We believe the Nile is the largest river in the world.

We use the Nile as a trading route. Every year in the spring it would flood. The Nile gives us Egyptians many gifts. It gives us fresh water for drinking and bathing. It also gives us a source for food like fish which we catch with spears and nets.

Another gift from the Nile are the fertile soils that come from the annual floods. The floods make the soil fertile. That is

Egyptian Life on the Nile

why we call it the gift of the Nile. The fertile soils gives us plants such as papyrus which me make into paper. The soils also gives us materials for building and clothes. This gives us one of the highest standards of living compared to other civilizations.

The Nile is the quickest and easiest to travel from place to place. This allows us to trade with other towns and cities.

The Nile god is happy and we thank the god for bringing fertility to the land.

Source: Socialstudiesforkids.com

Map of the Nile

Sports & Dance Javelin is a mandatory sport for us in Egypt and somewhat essential, because it was first linked to hunting animals.

Hunters could catch his prey by one single throw despite its speed. This simple tool is made out of wood and a pointed metal tip.

The javelin varies in length depending on its purpose. It is a stick with a twisted end.

There are throwing contests to see who could throw the javelin the farthest. The javelin is thrown upwards lightly so that it revolves in quick spins until it returns to the player to be used again. The art of using a javelin is not easy because it requires great strength to throw it a long ways and hit a target.

The other sport that we play is Acrobatic Dancing/ Gymnastics.

Our dance is often very acrobatic. Dancers do cartwheels, handstands, leaps, pirouettes, and backbends.

Acrobatic dancing is especially popular in our Kingdom. Men and women do not dance together, and women are shown more often than male dancers.

Still, men dance in positions which include standing with one leg as high as possible with arms outstretched.

While dancing is a part of religion and funerals, some dances are for banquets and celebrations. Some dances depicted in Middle Kingdom tombs at Beni Hasan also used balls and were closer to juggling.

Source: www.virtualkmet.com

Food from the Nile River Our Nile River and her fertile banks provide us with the basis for most of our food. The fertile soil has allowed our people to maintain a bountiful agricultural system since the days when we first settled along the Nile River.

Fish is one of the most common dishes, which could be incorporated into a number of ancient food recipes. Because of the geography, it was difficult for the ancient Egyptian people to raise livestock, therefore meats such as pork and beef is not common in our diet. Fish provides the bulk of meat for us.

Bread and beer also contribute to the majority of the ancient Egyptian food and drink diet.

The fertile soil deposited by the Nile River allows us to grow wheat in abundance. The wheat could be fermented into beer or prepared in a variety of manners such as bread and cakes. Typical ancient Egyptian foods included recipes made from the wheat and often sweetened with honey.

Vegetables are also common in our meals and a number of recipes featured the use of peas and beans. Onions are also a widespread food. In addition,

we like to eat garlic with our food. Other vegetables include leeks, lettuce, cabbages and turnips.

Fruits include Figs and dates, which have always been extremely popular and sensible food crops in the arid Egyptian climate. Grapes were a wellliked ancient Egyptian food, both as a fruit and in the form of wine; for those who could afford it.

Source: http://www.ancientegypt-online.com/ancientegyptian-food.html

How to Make The Kingdom of Many Gods Religion influences every dia Mummy rection of our existence. Our In 6 Easy Steps “I WANT MY MUMMY!” Okay, so your best friend asks you to turn him into a mummy for the afterlife.

Do you know what to do? Well, here are six easy steps: STEP 1 First you wash the body with Palmwine and water from the Nile.

The you make an incision in the side and take out the organs. The brain comes out with a long hook through the nostrils.

STEP 2 The stomach is protected by Duamuter and the lung is protected

by Hapy and the finally the liver is protected by Imesty. Finally, the heart is left in the body.

STEP 3 The stomach, lung and liver are placed in alabaster jars which are decorated with a god who will protect it.

STEP 4 For forty days the body is covered with Matron to remove the moisture from the body.

STEP 5 Wrap the head and the neck with fine linen. Then wrap the fingers and toes separately. The arms and legs are wrapped. The arms and legs are tied together. The embalmers place small emulates to protect the body which travels to the underworld.

STEP 6 The wrapped mummy is decorated with a golden mask replacing the kings face. The body is placed into three coffins. The final coffin is lowered into the burial site.

religion belief is based on the worship of one or more gods and the admiration of their God’s statue. During the reign of Akhenaton religion changed, from worshipping many gods to only one God. The Aten, who is described as the Sun disc. We have worshiped the same gods for thousands of years. There were as many as 2000 gods and goddesses. Some, such as Amen, were worshipped during the whole empire while others had only a local following. Often gods and goddesses were represented as part human being and the head of an animal.

We have many stories about how the world began. According to one of our myths is that it started with an ocean in darkness. Then a mound of dry land rose up and the sun god appeared. He made light and all things. Another version has Re, the sun God, emerging from a sacred blue lotus that grew out of the mud, while a third version has him appearing as a scarab beetle on the eastern horizon.

Horus, the sky god, has the head of a hawk, but the body of a person. We considered animals such as the bull, a cat, and the crocodile to be religious. The two leader gods are

Egyptian God Statue

Amen-Ra and Osiris. Amen-Ra is thought to be the sun god and the lord of the world. Osiris is the god of the underworld. Stories about him revolved around the idea of immortality. Osiris is the god that made a peaceful afterlife possible. Our book called “Book of the Dead” contains the major ideas and beliefs in our religion. Because our religion stressed out on afterlife, we devoted much time and wealth to prepare for survival in the next world.

Temples are considered dwelling places for our gods, and were everywhere. Each city had a temple built for the god of that city. The purpose of the temple was to be a cosmic center by which men had communication with the gods. As the priests became more powerful, tombs became a part of great temples.

Source: http://www2. sptimes.com/Egypt/ EgyptCredit.4.3.html

ANCIENT KHEPRI OSIRIS SKY THEOLOGY

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ANCIENT KHEPRI OSIRIS SKY THEOLOGY

GODDESSES

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HORIZON

HORIZON PYRAMID NUN TEMPLES PYRAMID WORSHIP TEMPLES WORSHIP NUN

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The Egyptian Times

by Alex J. Esquivel 3,000 B.C.