POTENTIAL AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST RESIDUES FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION IN TENERIFE ALFREDO JESÚS RAMÍREZ DÍAZ NOVEMBER 2012 BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY UNIVERSITY OF LA LAGUNA
BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
CONTENT:
1. INTRODUCTION 2. POTENTIAL OF BIOMASS IN TENERIFE`S FOREST 3. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 4. LOGISTICS: COLLECTION, TRANSPORTATION AND PROCESSING
5. FOREST RESOURCE EXPLOTATION 6. CONCLUSIONS
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
1. INTRODUCTION In this report we discuss some interesting questions, and concerned, such as: What kind of forest do we have in Tenerife? Do we have enough potential biomass in Tenerife? What is the legal situation in the Canary Islands? How can we use the forest residues? Is it profitable to generate electricity with forest residues in Tenerife?
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
2. POTENTIAL ON BIOMASS IN TENERIFE`S FOREST 2.1. Forest types in Tenerife: Tenerife is home of around 60 percent of the total forest mass of the Canary Islands. The main forest in Tenerife are:
Pine grove
Surface: 38.523 Ha
Monteverde
Surface: 5.700 Ha
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
2. POTENTIAL OF BIOMASS IN TENERIFE`S FOREST 2.2. 驴Where is the pine mass located?: Surface (Ha)
Percent
Wet pine
6.032,8
15,66
Typical pine
14.376,2
37,32
Pine with Codeso & Escob贸n
3.359,2
8,72
Pine with Jaguarzo or Jara
2.685,6
6,97
Pine with Sabinas
149,2
0,38
11.919,8
30,94
38.523
100
Type of pine
Young Pine Overall
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
2. POTENTIAL ON BIOMASS IN TENERIFE`S FOREST 2.3. Analysis of the forest resource: We have a woody forest residue, composed of straw, pine bark and branches Low calorific power of forest residues: (LCP) =4.300 kJ/kg In Tenerife we have around 36.700 Tonnes. But all the resource is impossible gather, we suppose that we cannot get 46 per cent because the collection has hard difficulty, 15 per cent because there are protected areas, and other 15 per cent for inadequate woodland issues. Definitely we could gather about 12.000 or 6.000 Tonnes of forest residues according to government estimates.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
3. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK In Tenerife we have a series of regulations for the forest exploitation. One of them is the Law 43/2003 by 21th of November regarding forest laws. First, all the forest crown are located in reserves areas, therefore we have to respect the laws in these zones. The picture describe the Legislative decree 1/2000 by 8th of may about spatial planning laws of Canary Islands and natural areas.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
3. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK Forest residues collection is subject to authorization by public auction and these can be execute by both Cabildo and municipalities. The following normative is the Catalogue of protected species of Canary Islands described on the text 4/2010 by 4th of June. Finally the regulation rules of motorized traffic along the forest tracks.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
4. LOGISTICS: COLLECTION, TRANSPORTATION AND PROCESSING 4.1. Biomass collection Mainly the collection of the forest residues is done by hand. Near the tracks, machines can be used, like packers for pressing the residue and then put into the trucks. Depending on the difficulty, the cost of the pickup will be variable. The highest cost of the collection is approximately 55 €/t, and the lowest cost is 19 €/t. The middle value will be around 32,25 €/t.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
4. LOGISTICS: COLLECTION, TRANSPORTATION AND PROCESSING
4.2. Biomass transport The transport have to be done by light trucks of under 3,5 Tonnes, because of easier access and excellent drivability. The forest tracks are narrow and wet, the driving have to be done with precaution and safety to guarantee the security of workers.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
4. LOGISTICS: COLLECTION, TRANSPORTATION AND PROCESSING
4.3. Biomass processing After the transporting, the biomass is processed in primary processing centers, these are situated near the forest, with roads access. When the small trucks arrives at this center, It discharges the residues. This material is crushed and compacted. Then big cargo trucks get this compact residue and transports it to the biomass processing store. There the material is passed through a drying process. Finally according to the last use the process material is transformed to pellets or forest powder.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
5. FOREST RESOURCE EXPOTATION The forest residues may have a lot of different uses and purpose, in traditionally the farmers use them as livestock's beds, after that they may became an agricultural fertilizer.
Other important purposes from this resource is the used of the residues for energy production. We can use the residues for heating water or for the energy needed in the boiler of a conventional water vapor Power cycle to generate electricity.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
5. FOREST RESOURCE EXPOTATION 5.1. Use for heating water One of the main uses for biomass is heating water for common uses, because here for heating houses is not acceptable. The most important costumers in Tenerife could be resorts or apartments. Exploitation may be feasible for the large number of hotels we have in Tenerife. The technology for this use is contrasted, the customers only needs a biomass boiler. The boiler may have between 40 kW and 500 kW of power. And the consume of pellets are around one or ten tones at week depends of the size.
Other costumers could be food industries because in the process they need water between 30 and 90 degrees Celsius.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
5. FOREST RESOURCE EXPOTATION 5.1. Use for heating water
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
5. FOREST RESOURCE EXPOTATION 5.2. Use for generate electricity In Canary island this use is not tested yet. Maybe because the amount of tonnes residues are not enough for feed the boiler. Now the question is: How much electricity I can generate with 10.000 tonnes annual of forest waste?
In Spain there are 358 MW installed of biomass. Here in Tenerife, we have a isolated electrical system. The power demand ranges from 600 MW at peak and 300 MW in the valley. The answer is complicated, but if we found similar examples out of here we can get a relation about tonnes and power.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
5. FOREST RESOURCE EXPOTATION 5.2. Use for generate electricity The biomass thermal plant of Cordurete is situated on province of Guadalajara. Is a little plant witch generate 2 MW of power. Is property of “Iberdrola Renovables”. This plant feed of a 300 Ha of forest situated near the plant. They feed only by forest residues and don’t mix with agriculture residues. Therefore the calorific value is similar to ours. For generate all the year they need 20.000 Tonnes of residue.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
5. FOREST RESOURCE EXPOTATION 5.2. Use for generate electricity What would be the cost of installing a biomass plant in Tenerife? Initial cost: Initial investment: 2.000.000 € per MW. Initial investment of transports: 1.000.000 € Initial investment of mini-processing plant: 100.000 € Annual variable cost: Collecting, operating and transport: 650.000 € Maintenance: 70.000 € Electricity cost of kWh generate: 0,07 or 0,12 € kWh Social benefices: 50 new jobs.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
6. CONCLUSIONS Most profitable forest biomass belongs to the area of pine forest, as it is easier to access and the concentration is better. Instead, the Monteverde area, whose biological balance is much more delicate and its mass is more dense forest, the extraction would be more difficult. Use biomass for heating water could be the best application. We could feed of around 15 or 30 restors in Tenerife.
In conclusion, with the biomass resource in Tenerife, only use for generate electricity, we could built a plant around 1 MW, feed by 10.000 Tonnes of pine forest residues. We could say that the recourse is short for be use on this application.
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BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION ALFREDO JESÚS RAMÍREZ DÍAZ NOVEMBER 2012
BASICS OF BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS POSTGRADUATE IN RENEWABLE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY UNIVERSITY OF LA LAGUNA