Introductory Studies
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the unit The unit is designed to introduce you to the basic concepts and principles of Graphic Design and idea generation. Underpinned by relevant historical and contemporary key issues and it will provide you with an understanding of problem solving methodologies that allow you to interpret, explore and effectively communicate visual messages.
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Content Chapter One My Journey Home Mapping Project Chapter Two Life and Death Project Chapter Three Through the Letterbox Project Chapter Four Exhibitions Chapter Five Lectures Notes Chapter Six Software Demonstrations Chapter Seven Perfect Binding Workshop Chapter 8 Unit Evaluation
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The aim for this project was to produce a visual representation that showed my journey to or from university using the idea of a map.
My Journey Home Mapping Project
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Briefing 29th September
Designers and Artist • Richard Long • Denis Wood • James Ford • Emily Buldwin • • • • •
Look at the pros and cons of traveling your journey Remember everyone’s journey is different and nobody’s will be the same. Make sure to think outside of the box and listen to the sounds and look for the signs and light that are around you during your journey. Look for objects that are normality and perfection When it comes to printing thinking and size and format
Books • What is Graphic Design for? By Twemlow (page 24 – 33)
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Pin up Crit 30th September
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Use illustrated images of a hand holding a phone . Watercolours Identify what you need to say – focus the eye, scaling and cropping. Observations – film Define who you want your target audience to be. Do small simple sketches of you ideas so that it’s easier for people to under stand how you see it.
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Tutorial 3rd October
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Look at going round the page instead of through Map structure Smaller rate – timing, statistics Innocuous Rift – Virtual Reality In the moment How people live now through there phones – The dating world is so much more different now phones are involved and interaction is different. Idea of a phone hanging in front of someone tempting them on their journey Seeing your journey in a different way Compare time to text Music and not using phone
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Tutorial 6th October
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Statistics 10 minute walk – tally the amount of people on their phone 10 minute bus journey – tally people on phone Note who’s on their phones texting, listening to music or calling someone Look at Visual Research book – Page 108-109 082.083 – Key Look at using a colour pallet to identify phone users
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tutorial 9th October • Less heavy • Small house • No stop sign • Speech bubble need something inside – LOL, SMS, … • Personalise the bus • House number • Put AUB on the graduation hat
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LOL
LOL
LOL
final piece
111 Nortford Road
Cemertery Junction - AUB University
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AUB
LOL
LOL
LOL
LOL
LOL
LOL People I past on the phone
People I past who were texting
People I past listening to music
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silent critique 10th October
• • • • • • •
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Make everything smaller and less bold Think about using a bar chart instead Make icons smaller Lighter colours Small writing Context – where is your information going? Who is it for? Look into colour psychology
Project evaluation This project being my first project at University I feel like I struggled at first as I wasn’t sure what was wanted from me at the start, but throughout the project I was helped in tutorials and critiques to help me understand. I think because I had such a rocky start I didn’t do the project to me full potential. Although I do feel that I did think outside of the box when it came to forming an observational opinion. Even though my initial concept for the project started of well I don’t think that it reflected well in my final piece as I think I could have portrayed my idea better.
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The objective for this project was to create a clear representation of life and death on the back of a lorry, with life on the left and death on the right.
LIFE AND DEATH PROJECT
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Briefing 13th October
• • • • • • • • • •
Consider the context in which work is shown Adobe Illustrator to create final piece Make sure to use the positive/negative space Consider the design principles Cropping Think about dumb ways to die Visual Thesaurus Reading this week: Ambrose, A & Aro – Billson (2001) Approach & Language. London: AVA Academies 48-49 BAGD54 – password
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Initial ideas
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Tutorial 21st October
Religion • Life after death • White light • Lotus flower – Buddhism • Hinduism – gods/colours/karli/canobic jars • Nordic Religion Driving • Undone seat belt Vs Smashed windscreen • Abavan disaster 1966 • Look further into ideas • Broaden out the concepts • Add more depth
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Initial research into Religion
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research Egyptian canobic jars • • • •
Internal organs were removed to put into these jar Embalming practice changed as Embalmers began returning organs after they had been externally dried Some jars were still buried with the mummy’s to symbolically protect the organs Jars decorated with the heads of the four sons of Horus - Imsety, Duamutef, Hapi, Qebehsenuef
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Nordic religion • • • • • • • • • •
Mainly around during the Viking era Results from archaeological fields, work, etymology and early written materials There wasn’t a name for the religion until contact with outsiders Knowledge was gathered from discoveries and literature was produced Centre of worship in Sweden – Gamla Uppsala – it was destroyed in late 11th century Death – died in battle go to Valhala, Folkvangr, reunited with loved ones go to Hel, Niflhel – deeper than Hel and you suffer harsh punishment from breaking oaths Ragnarok – The deaths of gods and end of the world Valknut – symbol connected with Nordics Spirit Ship – seen on stones of slain worriers at funerals Tree of life – symbol of life
After life – Different Religious beliefs • • • • • • • •
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Christianity – Heaven and hell Buddhism – Reincarnation and Karma Judaism – Heaven and hell Islamic – Period rest (Heaven and hell) Spiritualism – Live on through other lives Middle Ages/Roman Catholics – Limbo Catholic – Purgatory (after death undergo purification to enter heaven) Ancient Greek – Underworld (where souls live after death)
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Buddhism A lot of the Buddhist gods are drawn sitting or holding lotus flowers. A lotus flower grows from mud and that symbolises the way that humans are born into a world of suffering, making us strong and resistant to evil. Then you can break free of the mud to become with Buddha and have what Buddhist say “Enlightenment�. The god of death is Kali and the god of life and light is Lokshmi Symbolic Colours Blue - Wisdom Dark Blue - Pure and rare Turquoise - Long Life White - Purity Red - Preservation, sacred place Green - Youth and Actions Yellow - Humility, relates to earth Black - Killing and anger
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Fruitarianism This involves the practice of following a diet that includes fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds, Fruitarianism can be adopted for different reasons, including ethical, religious, political, medical, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, and health reasons. There are many varieties of the diet, some people who practice the diet believe in only eating fruit and vegetables that have fallen naturally because they believe that it is killing the plant
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tutorial 23rd October
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Try reversing into negative Thing about who, what and why Branding Possible coloured background Light Grey template Try adding insects instead of people John Maedic – MIT Simplicity over law
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Each morning we are born again. What we do today is what matters. - Buddha
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pin up critique 24th October
• • • • •
Doesn’t show a clear representation of life on the left and death on the right. Possibly be better without the quote Could show a growing lotus on the left and a dying lotus on the right Still incorporate circle of life but showing life on the left and death on the right better Could have colour
project Evaluation At the start of this project I felt like it was important to not create something that clashes. I liked my idea of using religion but there was just not clear target audience for my final piece. I think that I would have be able to create stronger imagery with my other concept about driving awareness. Overall I think that the image look good but it has no use for it as there is no obvious target market.
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This assignment got me to look into three articles and form an opinion so that I can create a visually representation to communicate my idea and the material must be designed to go through a letterbox
Through the Letterbox Project
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Briefing 27th October
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Define a target audience All articles are from the guardian – Liberal Articles are just a starting point Structure your opinion Your final piece could just be a guide to something else like a website or a petition Produce a visual message By forming an opinion it will create your visual aspect Summarising – read through, re-read and highlight phrases and facts, then re-write into your own sentence Keep refereeing back to the brief Gather images Idea generating – don’t judge your ideas, encourage wild and exaggerated ideas, as many ideas as you can and read up on mind maps Factual and intuitive mind maps – faces Vs. feelings Initial sketches Identifying topics – visual representations, map it out, describes and define, database research – AUB Library Discuss ideas with peers and teachers User testing – do they react? Select more than one possibility Refine ideas – show progression
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information gathering
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Summarising Article one • Fracking infects our environment • Protests against poisoning our water • Climate marches for Anti-Fracking • Communities fight for a clean environment Article Two • RIPA Law, protect or invade? • Police use RIPA Law against journalist • RIPA Law threatens privacy Article Three • Wealthy people are becoming more wealthy • Evidence show inequality is growing • Rising inequality is the difference between children going to school or sick people getting medicines
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Tutorial 3rd November
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James lovelock – search database Air pollution – china and japan Humidity Milaria mosquito found in Belgium Narrow down aspect of climate change that I want to look at - who does it effect the most? Wildlife and ocean environment Shipping food from overseas so that people can eat tropical food all year round Find target audience – children/politicians Time management Have visualising done by Thursday
Climate change Research
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Carbon Dioxide
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Ben and jerrys Global warming Campaign
At Ben and Jerry’s they primarily rely on dairy farming and they use trucks and freezers to transport and produce their ice cream. Ben and Jerry’s know their carbon footprint and are showing progress on their social and environmental assessment reports each year. Ben and Jerry’s also support the Environmental Protection Agency in creating limits on the amount of carbon pollution produced by power plant. I think it’s great that such a big company is getting involved in the aspects of global warming and more companies should be like this.
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wwf climate change WWF have worked with communities, governments and businesses to create a strong lead against tackling climate change. WWF are working toward creating a global climate deal to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, conserve forests and help poorer countries adapt to the impacts of a changing climate. WWF are also focused on cleaning renewable energy sources like wind, wave and solar with a vision for a 100% renewable future by 2050. To help with reducing carbon emissions WWF are working with companies to reduce business flights. Preserving rainforests are also extremely important as almost half of the rainforest in the world have been destroyed and plant and tree reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. On WWF they have a carbon footprint calculator and this is my carbon foot print.
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do cows contribute to global warming In 2006 it was claimed that live stock, most of which cows “generates more greenhouse gas emissions than transport�. In the one year the average cow can produce enough methane to do the same damage as four tones of CO2. Methane gas is created in the first stomach as a by-product and due to large scale and amounts of cows on the earth you can see why they produce so much methane. Cows burping and manure contribute to more methane gas emissions than farting. According to the BBC studies garlic attacks the organism in the gut that produce methane. I personally think that living things are going to produce methane and it would be an extremely had taste to try to reduce the emission, therefore I’m not going to take this forward because I believe that CO2 emissions is something that can change
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Target audience and final piece ideas
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product research Michael Marko - Eat your food, Grow plant, Save a plant Michael Marko is a designer from Ruzemborok, Slovakia who designed this biodegradable food bowl that turns into a plant pot. This product is similar to what I wanted to design for this project. I wanted to use a similar colour pallet but obviously create different dimensions to the design.
Biodegradable plant pot
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Pin up critique 10th November
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Guerrilla Gardening Website showing areas where you can guerrilla gardening that needs it Look into Seed Bombs Newham Richard Reynolds – Elephant and Castle – Guerrilla Gardening
Guerrilla Gardening Guerrilla gardening is the act of gardening on land that the gardeners do not have the legal right to utilize, such as an abandoned site, an area that is not being cared for, or private property. Tips – Find an area, plan the mission, find a supply of seeds and plants, get transport, choose resistant plants and spread the word
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Final Piece Ideas
Plant, Grow, Change
GROW YOUR OWN 57
Final Piece
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Project Evaluation At the start of this project I found myself very disinterested in all of the news articles but after summarising all of them I found myself gravitating towards article one because of the climate change aspects. Climate change is a concept that has definitely been done before in design but I wanted to create something interactive that gets the younger generation involved because they are obviously the ones that are going to make more of a change to the climate. I feel that I have successfully created a child friendly interactive product but some changes that I would have made to it would have been to possibly create a website or app so that more information about global warming and how to help could be shown.
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4 Exhibitions
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Science museum 1st October
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v&A Disobedient objects 1st October
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The gallery AUB Paul Wenham
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5 Lecture notes
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what is graphic design 7th October Power of Wow • The aim is to stimulate some to be amazed and say “Wow!” • Identify something that you think is amazing and that everyone else will as well • Have ready for 28th October • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Paul Rand – IBM Designer Richard Hollis – Designer Cultural Tabos The Death Penalty Mocks – symbols and signs Obey the giant shepherd fairy – Graffiti Gorilla advertising Roadworth.com Milton Graser Fallon.com Allofus AIGA – United state department Life’s to short for the wrong job Public pressure – fish fingers by birds eye Design Disaster - British airways back wing design Colour Mags – focus on international themes Tube Maps – Harry Beck Camel Cigarettes – Joe the Camel (well known in America) Famous Designers design Camel Cigarette packets Absolute Vodka Recycled Ideas Countries means different cultures and different colour patterns
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visual culture 14th October
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Non-verbal communication – body language Interpersonal skills Elvis is a icon and recognisable, different imitations Culture changes Advertising – sign of quality Approaches to visual culture and boot High/low culture – event Economy – urgent need/ excitement for the new Production – distribution – consumption Read images – contextual knowledge Prior experience/info, relationships Images and text Relationship between object Visual competence – engaging Value – sentimental, exchange Identifying culture – gender, ethnicity Psychoanalytical means – pleasures Auteur theory – form of explanation that depends on expression
reading and decoding culture 28th October
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Decoding culture – united colours, understand a message and context Visual Signs by Daniel Crowe Visual Research by Ian Noble and Russell kestley Design is never neutral Channels of communications Newspapers – sun, guardian, messages and meanings Visual literacy – we react Reinforce culture from a young age Children’s toys – Barbie and boys toys Tattoos Language is used to convey power Roland Garnes –(1977) argued that the meaning of images are always related depending on the use of language Semiotics – signs in society Visual shorthand – started in terms of language Patterns of signs in media text conditions Perception of reality shaped by signs Signs – images/text that can read Different audiences read images in different ways Society news changing – news of woman 1950’s ketchup “a woman can open it” Organised different group Saussuke (1857-1913 2 components every sign – object, meaning value, literal meaning, perceived meaning.
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The seduction of advertising
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4th November • Hovis advertisement – History, Heritage, nostalgia, past • Look out for companies that fake their heritage • Considerations – commercial propaganda, false needs, creativity, commercial culture, public perceptions, infomercials (trying to see and tell), online advertising (companies, pop-ups, flash, banner, flash and pop-under), media watch (a British special interest group that educates consumers about how they can register their concerns with advertisers and regulators) • Reminder campaign • Sources - Judith Williamsom – Decoding advertising, Shots – library, Facebook ads, Adweek.com, Adage, Campaign • Vance Packard – The waste makers and The Hidden persuaders • No Logo – Naomi Klein • Hatads.org.uk • History of advertising trust, Norfolk • museumofbrands.com • Things to consider – Impact and importance, Integral part of modern Culture, social communication, negative influence, satisfaction of Consumer, induce and increase consumers, embedded advertising and product placement • Also look at social grades – A, Higher managerial, administrative or professional – B, Immediate managerial, administrative or professional – C1, Supervisory or clerical and junior managerial, administrative or professional – C2, Skilled manual worker – D, Semi-skilled manual worker and unskilled – E, Lowest levels of subsistence, Widows, casual workers and unemployed. • 26 and a half thousand are on average salary • Between 15 and 19 thousand pounds a year for junior graphic designs • Greg Myers – Adworlds (look at Perrier water ad) • Naughty but nice – Orangina
• Guy Demboard – spectacular commodity society • Frankfurt school – Critique of corporate capitalism and mass culture • Conspicuous consumption – habits of the leisure classes • Thorstain Veblen • Sources – Dave Saunders – Sex in advertising, Eric Clarke – The want maker • Emotional Appeals • Use of fear • Stereotypes – Myths • Codes – Lighting, Colours/monochrome, sound, editing, costume, facial expressions • Diamond have symbolic value – “Diamonds are forever”, “Diamonds are a girls best friend” • Advertising Standards • Advertising association – pro adverts • Visual Persuasion – 80% of impressions are through sight • Ambient advertising (look at for through the letterbox project) • Ben and Jerry’s – global warming campaign (look at for through the letterbox project) • P.T Barnum – first great advertising genius and the greatest publicity exploiter the world has ever known • Edward Barnays – PR genius, considers engineering of consent, intelligent manipulations – control of public opinion, behaviour and thinking – use the notion of fantasy • Commodity and relationship – coke sprite boy • Laura Mulvery 1975 • On an average we see 300,000 adverts a day • Adbusters – Canadian (buy nothing days and turn off TV day)
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Creativity banquet and packaging design 11th October
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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Body language – Finger to mouth is a sign of power, hands together over crotch means defensive Creativity in education and learning by J Cropley Staff Responses “meaningful and meaningless” “I hate the word.. In my opinion it is one of the most abused word in the English language” EQ – Emotional Intelligence (www.eqi.org.edi) Tackling the wilked problem of creativity in higher education by J Cropley John Sorrell – London Design events “Creativity has never been more important to a nation it is the key to economic and social survival and property in the rapidly changing world. It inspires and changes for the better and improves the quality of life” www.creativeinterventions.pbwiki.com/kentrobinsions Cognitive process to creativity – selecting, relating,combining, evaluation, selectivity retaining, communicating Cognitive approaches to creativity - Expertise (knowledge of field but does not always mean creativity) – problem solving – creativity in problem solving Creativity – Positive association – AIMS, to consider Can creativity be learned? Can creativity be developed? Blocking and unlocking creativity Core considerations Radical and incremental, facilities/assist creativity in learners? How do we value an idea? How do we manage risk? IDEO – www.ideo.com American design companies innovate IDEO design products, services, environments and digital experiences
• Factors that contribute to creativity – Experience of life – behaviour, play, discovery, interaction, praise and encouragement, opportunities, freedom and openness, environment and resources Packaging • B.T. Batsford • Average people will see up to 15,000 trademarked products • Resource – www.dieline.com
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photo journalism 18th November
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• Pictures on a page – Harold Evans • Context is key – who takes the images • Aspects of balance between still and moving photos • Cultural connotations – some people believe that a photo can steal your soul and some people feel that they can me extremely invasive • A photograph – records and reflects moment in time • A photograph has immense power • Corruption of images by cropping and deleting aspects of the image to make them have a different image • They are seen as the truth and are used as evidence but they can sometimes be the complete opposite • Fake crime – There is a theory that crimes in the new like murders are made up which questions intent, motive, outcome and what’s the evidence • Photographs have a huge importance in telling a story • Edward Muybridge – He captures the movement with photography • Paparazzi – Good or bad? • War photographers – Employed by the government to document history • It is illegal to take photos of war – people have been executed because of it (started in world war 1, 2 and onwards • Easy to track photographs – especially if they are taken to a company to be developed • Language – Images are used to tell a news story • Editing and presenting – controlled to only be about the location of where the news paper is located • Hierarchy – used in newspaper to show the most important story in the front and less important further back • A buffer story – this is used at the end of most news reports so be something light hearted so that viewers are left feeling happy and the end and so that it can be taken out in case breaking news come up • At what stage are photographers seen as innocent bystanders in the crime or are they seen as being involved • Information is easier to understand visually
• Weegee – A photographer that captures American urban life, he also owned a police radio but told the police that he received the information about crimes from a weegie board • Sports photographer – captures great moments in time • Are we shown to many images of suffering and dying that we have become immune to it? • Falsification of history – people removed from images to corrupt them • Hindenburg disaster • “War doesn’t determine who is right, war determines who is left” - Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) • Very few images of death – Those that are around are seen as iconic • Joe Rosenthal, Raising the flag on Iwo Jima (1945) – stereotypical image (posed) • Reused and recycled iconic images – devalues the original • Eddie Adams (war photographer) – iconic image but it’s missing the backstory and IPod and Starbucks brought out parody versions • When an image is changed, so is the meaning of the image • Make sure to note the positioning of the reporter or photographer • Tim Page – Vietnam war photographer • Kevin carter – a journalist that worked in Africa, he photographed a starving child being persuaded by Valcher and the guilt of not helping that child lead him to killing himself • False flag (terrorism) – Occurs when a government creates an event but pretends they haven’t • Photo journalist by R.Golden • Manufacturing consent by Edward Herman
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Visual space 17th October
• Look at making your image go from 2D to 3D • Geometry and understanding of space can create an allusion • Use of depth by using large images in the front and smaller I’m ages in the distance. • Aspect of Religion – Different nature of reality and life and death • Bertrand Russell – Questions life and death • Karl Popper – all life is problem solving • Don’t believe everything you read or hear • Semiotics • Universal signs – signage • Young point of view – how children see the back of a lorry • Milton Gaser – IRaq • Timing of a product being launch • Simple lines of text sets up the context • Connotations of items • The policemen – lady bird “easy reader” books
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a way of thinking 7th November
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What, how, who do you want to target, where why (global concerns/opportunity to change the climate Research background Functions? What are you wanting people to do? Design, making and distributing Family styling for families Prototypes Something more than junk mail
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display books pdps grids and Typography PDP • Personal planning development file • A transcript (an institutional record of your learning and achievement) • A personal record of your learning and achievements, plans and goals • A personal development planning process Display workbooks • Contain worksheet showing documentation of specific design processes • Your display book with be produced in two mediums (issuu book and printed) • 300 dpi when scanning in • More images than text in the books • Sources at the back – Harvard referencing • Grids – help with layout on pages, define page layout and size, colour and margin
grips, 5-6mm gutters
• Hierarchy – helps the reader navigate the page, how you want the reader to feel when
reading your book, title chapter pages (e.g. blank page showing chapter number and
info about it)
• Type – 120%leading with San serif and 110% leading with serif • Rhetoric is the context of the text • What is it saying? Who is it speaking to? How is it saying it? • Use large x-height type • Use more leading for space 78
• Use colours that make people comfortable to read
Assessment and hand in Criteria talk 17th November
• Look at my.aub.ac.uk – hand in details • You should be doing at least 6 hours of work a day • PDP – is for showing what you think you could have done • Make sure to photograph notebook created in perfect binding workshop • Make sure to click on referencing because it takes you to the Harvard referencing page • 0-29 no or little evidence that you have attempted to meet learning outcome – fail • 30-39 partial evidence that you have met the learning outcome – fail • 40-49 evidence that you have met the learning outcome at threshold level – pass • 50-59 evidence that you have met the learning outcome at a satisfactory and competent level – 2:2 • 60-69 evidence that you have met the learning outcome at a very good level – 2:1 • 70-79 evidence that you have met the learning outcome at an excellent level – first • 80-100 evidence that you have met the learning outcome at an exceptionally high level – Very high first
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6 Software Demonstrations
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Logos
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Business card and logo FRONT
Back
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InDesign page layout
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7 Perfect binding Workshop
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8 Unit evaluation
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At the Start of unit I started off slow as I was feeling slightly unsure about how the teachers wanted me to present my work but after working out what was needed from me I soon knew how to present my work. I think that my time management definitely needs improving and I know that that will improve when my organisation skills improve first. Now that I know what is needed from me I feel that in the next unit I will be able to organise myself a lot better. Looking through all my work I can definitely see my progress throughout the unit and I hope that others can see this as well.
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Bibliography • • • • • • • • • • •
http://www.museumofmythology.com/Egypt/canopic_jar.htm (page 32) http://psychographism.blogspot.co.uk/2010/11/dont-sleep-while-driving.html (page 34) http://uk.pinterest.com/pin/431219733044077027/ (page 36) www.poklat.com/fruits/are-best-lunch-substitutes (page 37) www.essentialmums.co.nz/little-kids/preschool/health-nutrition (page 37) http://footprint.wwf.org.uk/?_ga=1.162677884.1107812687.1415274430 - (page 49) http://gizmodo.com/do-cow-farts-actually-contribute-to-global-warming-1562144730 - (page 50) http://www.designandpaper.com/?p=3141 - (page 53) http://uk.pinterest.com/pin/297448750361671894/ - (page 53) http://www.guerrillagardening.org - (page 57) http://uk.pinterest.com/pin/510314201495928753/ - (page 57)
Extras in Sketchbooks • http://uk.pinterest.com/pin/405675878909177552/ • http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2008/crashed-beds-sleep-before-you-drive/ • http://adsoftheworld.com/media/print/bangalore_traffic_police_talk_them_dead_house wife • http://uk.adforum.com/creative-work/ad/player/34480048 • http://www.dangersoffracking.com • http://www.what-is-fracking.com • http://stephart.blogspot.co.uk • http://www.andrewgroves.co.uk/Whistles-Treasure-Map • http://www.newscientist.com/topic/climate-change Youtube • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-8PBx7isoM • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2ERV1k2XCQ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaSqVlgKB6s • http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/nov/22/-sp-climate-change-special-report
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Books • Visual Research by Ian Noble • Signage Design Manual by Edo Smitshuijen • Information Graphics by Peter Wilbur and Michael Burke • An introduction to eithics in Graphic Design by Lucienne Roberts
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Alice luscombe unit 1 90