Revoluções e Direitos Humanos

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As revoluções nunca se repetem, cada qual é uma invenção, uma criação do povo oprimido que se revolta. Por mais que se possa aprender, se inspirar com as anteriores, sempre há um processo de inovação que é imprevisível.

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C. AS DECLARAÇÕES E A UNIVERSALIDADE DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS Mas que documentos são esses?

Princípios Universais dos Direitos Humanos 8P GRV UHVXOWDGRV TXH PHOKRU H[SUHVVDUDP D UDGLFD-­ OLGDGH GDV PXGDQoDV HQVHMDGDV SHOD 5HYROXomR )UDQ-­ FHVD IRL D Declaração dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão 3XEOLFDGD HP HOD UHSUHVHQWD D LQDX-­ JXUDomR VLPEyOLFD GD PRGHUQD DFHSomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV 2V SULQFtSLRV TXH GHUDP RULJHP D HVVD GH-­ FODUDomR DVVLP FRPR DTXHOHV TXH HOD FRQJUHJD VmR SRU VL PHVPRV UHYROXFLRQiULRV VH FRPSDUDUPRV R LGHiULR TXH IXQGD HVVH WH[WR FRP DTXHOH TXH VXVWHQWD DV EDVHV GR $QWLJR 5HJLPH IUDQFrV &RQWUD D LGHLD GH TXH SRU QDWXUH]D Ki KRPHQV DSWRV D PDQGDU H RX-­ WURV D REHGHFHU XQV QDVFLGRV SDUD R yFLR H RXWURV SDUD R WUDEDOKR XQV SDUD R FRPDQGR H RXWURV SDUD D HVFUDYLGmR RV UHYROXFLRQiULRV HP DVVHPEOHLD GH-­ FODUDUDP QR DUWLJR TXH ³2V KRPHQV QDVFHP H YL-­ YHP OLYUHV H LJXDLV HP GLUHLWRV $V GLIHUHQoDV VRFLDLV Vy SRGHP VHU IXQGDPHQWDGDV QR LQWHUHVVH FRPXP´ 9HMD VH TXH DV GLIHUHQoDV VRFLDLV TXDQGR H[LVWLUHP VH SUHVWDP j UHDOL]DomR GH LQWHUHVVHV GRV FLGDGmRV ( SDUD FRQVXPDU R SULQFtSLR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV HP DFRUGR FRP RV LQWHUHVVHV FRPXQV GRV FLGDGmRV R DUWLJR GD 'HFODUDomR HVWDEHOHFH SULPHLUR TXH ³2 ¿P GH WRGD DVVRFLDomR SROtWLFD p D FRQVHUYDomR GRV GLUHLWRV QDWXUDLV H LPSUHVFULWtYHLV GR KRPHP´ ( GH-­ ¿QH TXH WDLV GLUHLWRV VmR ³D OLEHUGDGH D SURSULHGDGH D VHJXUDQoD H D UHVLVWrQFLD j RSUHVVmR´ (VWH ~OWLPR GLUHLWR FRQVWLWXL QDGD PDLV GR TXH R IXQGDPHQWR GH

Revoluções

WRGD H TXDOTXHU UHLYLQGLFDomR HP QRPH GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV e D UHVLVWrQFLD j RSUHVVmR TXH VXVWHQWD VHU LQFRQGLFLRQDO D GHIHVD GD LQYLRODELOLGDGH GD GLJQLGD-­ GH KXPDQD HP TXDLVTXHU VLWXDo}HV VRFLDLV H SROtWL-­ FDV H FLUFXQVWkQFLDV KLVWyULFDV $SyV D H[SHULrQFLD GH KRUURUHV H GH EDUEiULH TXH QRV SURSLFLDUDP RV GRPtQLRV LPSHULDLV GH SDtVHV HX-­ URSHXV VREUH D ÈIULFD QD VHJXQGD PHWDGH GR VpFXOR ;,; H SULQFLSDOPHQWH DV GXDV *XHUUDV 0XQGLDLV QD SULPHLUD PHWDGH GR VpFXOR ;; RXWUD 'HFODUDomR YHLR ¿UPDU R FDUiWHU LQVXEVWLWXtYHO H LQFRQGLFLRQDO GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV e D Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos DVVLQDGD HP SHOR FRQMXQWR GH SDtVHV TXH VXEVFUHYHX D FULDomR GD 2UJDQL]DomR GDV 1Do}HV 8QLGDV 218 (VWD QRV SRVVLELOLWRX FRQ-­ ¿UPDU R VpFXOR SDVVDGR FRPR DTXHOH HP TXH WULXQ-­ IRX R GLVFXUVR HP GHIHVD GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV 6H GH IDWR HVVD 'HFODUDomR RULHQWRX H IRUoRX RV SDtVHV D DSOLFDUHP RV VHXV SULQFtSLRV p DOJR TXH GHYH VHU SRV-­ WR HP TXHVWmR Qual a intenção destas declarações?

A superação de fronteiras territoriais e ideo-­ lógicas pelos direitos humanos $V VXDV LQWHQo}HV HQYROYHP R GHVHMR GH UHFRQKHFL-­ PHQWR GH TXH VmR LQDOLHQiYHLV D GLJQLGDGH H D LJXDO-­ GDGH KXPDQDV e FODUtVVLPD DTXL D RSRVLomR DRV SULQFtSLRV IXQGDGRUHV GD LGHRORJLD GD VXSUHPDFLD UDFLDO H VRFLDO TXH FRQVWLWXtUDP D JrQHVH GR UHJL-­ PH QD]LVWD H GR IDVFLVWD QD (XURSD H GR HQWmR VHX DSRLDGRU QD ÈVLD 7DPEpP HVVD 'HFODUDomR SURFX-­ URX UHD¿UPDU HVSHFL¿FDPHQWH R TXH FRQVWLWXHP DV

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YLRODo}HV DRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV (VWDV UHVXOWDP HP ³DWRV EiUEDURV TXH XOWUDMDUDP D FRQVFLrQFLD GD +X-­ PDQLGDGH´ $R PHVPR WHPSR VH SURFXURX HVWDEHOH-­ FHU TXH RV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV HP WRGRV RV SDtVHV GD FRPXQLGDGH GH QDo}HV FRQJUHJDGDV QD 218 TXH HV-­ VHV GLUHLWRV HVWLYHVVHP H[SUHVVRV FODUDPHQWH QDV OHLV H IRVVHP SURWHJLGRV SRU HODV ³SDUD TXH R VHU KXPDQR QmR VHMD FRPSHOLGR FRPR ~OWLPR UHFXUVR j UHEHOLmR FRQWUD D WLUDQLD H D RSUHVVmR´ ,QGLUHWDPHQWH D FRQVWDWDomR DFLPD UHFRQKHFH TXH D LQVXUJrQFLD FRQWUD D H[SORUDomR KXPDQD HP-­ ERUD SRVVD QmR FRQVLVWLU HP DWR OHJDO p SRU GH¿QLomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV XP DWR OHJLWLPDPHQWH MXVWL-­ ¿FiYHO 2 TXH GHPDUFD R FDUiWHU DEUDQJHQWH GHVWD 'HFODUDomR p TXH HP VHX SDUiJUDIR GR DUWLJR QmR VH FRQVLGHUD SDUD D GHIHVD GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV QHQKXPD ³GLVWLQomR IXQGDGD QD FRQGLomR SROtWLFD MXUtGLFD RX LQWHUQDFLRQDO GR SDtV RX WHUULWyULR D TXH SHUWHQoD XPD SHVVRD TXHU VH WUDWH GH XP WHUULWyULR LQGHSHQGHQWH VRE WXWHOD VHP JRYHUQR SUySULR TXHU VXMHLWR D TXDOTXHU RXWUD OLPLWDomR GH VREHUDQLD´ 6mR ¿UPDGRV FRPR FULPHV LPSUHVFULWtYHLV D HVFUDYLGmR D VHUYLGmR R WUi¿FR GH HVFUDYRV WRUWXUD H WUDWDPHQWR FUXHO (VWDEHOHFHP VH FRPR LQDFHLWiYHLV DWRV FRPR D SULVmR D GHWHQomR H R H[tOLR DUELWUiULRV $ SUHVXQomR GD LQRFrQFLD DWp D FRQVXPDomR GR MXOJDPHQWR WDP-­ EpP p SULQFtSLR TXH DR VHU IHULGR FRQVWLWXL DIURQWD DRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV $ GLYXOJDomR GHVWD ~OWLPD 'HFODUDomR YHLR S{U HP GHVWDTXH R FDUiWHU SDUDGR[DO GD GHIHVD H GD HIHWLYD-­ omR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV GHVGH D VHJXQGD PHWDGH GR VpFXOR SDVVDGR 6HP G~YLGD HVVH WH[WR UHSUHVHQ-­ WRX DYDQoR QD GHIHVD GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV H VXD

Revoluções

VXEVFULomR SRU XP Q~PHUR H[SUHVVLYR GH SDtVHV SRVVLELOLWRX TXH VH YLVOXPEUDVVHP SUiWLFDV PHQRV GHVXPDQDV GH JRYHUQRV LQVWLWXLo}HV H GRV SUySULRV KRPHQV FRQWUD RV KRPHQV &RQWXGR D GLYLVmR HP EORFRV GH SRGHU HP WRUQR GRV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV H GD HQWmR 8QLmR 6RYLpWLFD H HYHQWRV GHULYDGRV GHVWD FRQ-­ MXQWXUD ELSRODU SyV 6HJXQGD *XHUUD QD (XURSD H VXDV FRQVHTXrQFLDV QD ÈVLD EHP FRPR D SRVWHULRU GHUURFDGD GR EORFR FRPXQLVWD DOpP GD SHUVLVWrQFLD GDV GLVSXWDV WHUULWRULDLV H pWQLFDV QD ÈIULFD H UHOLJLR-­ VDV QR 2ULHQWH 0pGLR HYHQWRV FRPR HVVHV H RXWURV YLQFXODGRV j H[SORUDomR KXPDQD HP EHQHItFLR GD DFXPXODomR GH ULTXH]DV OHJDLV RX LOHJDLV D SHUVLVWrQ-­ FLD GR UDFLVPR WXGR LVVR YHP FRQWHVWDU D H¿FiFLD GD IRUPXODomR GH DFRUGRV UHWyULFRV HP IDYRU GRV GLUHL-­ WRV KXPDQRV 'H IDWR VmR H¿FD]HV RV GRFXPHQWRV HP GHIHVD GRV GLUHLWRV humanos?

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Revoluções

GD 5HS~EOLFD H R GH DWLYLVWDV SROtWLFRV 8P SRGH MXV-­ WL¿FDU D SURPRomR GD OLEHUGDGH H GR KXPDQLWDULVPR TXDQGR LQYDGH XP SDtV DFDUUHWDQGR D PRUWH GH FLGD-­ GmRV LQRFHQWHV RXWUR SRGH LQFHQWLYDU RV PRYLPHQ-­ WRV IHPLQLVWDV D H[LJLUHP R ¿P GD YLROrQFLD VH[XDO FRQWUD PHQLQDV DGROHVFHQWHV 4XDO GHVWHV GH IDWR SURPRYH H GHIHQGH RV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV" &RPR YLPRV DFLPD H FRQVWDWD 'RX]LQDV R HQ-­ YROYLPHQWR FRP HVWH WHPD QD DWXDOLGDGH FRPSRU-­ WD GHVD¿RV 'H XP ODGR R GHEDWH H RV HVWXGRV TXH R FRQFHUQHP HVWmR HQWUH DV SUHRFXSDo}HV FHQWUDLV GD ¿ORVR¿D H GD MXULVSUXGrQFLD TXH FRQJUHJDP DV DVSLUDo}HV GH FRQVHUYDomR GD YLGD GD OLEHUGDGH GD HPDQFLSDomR H GD DXWRQRPLD GR VHU KXPDQR 'H RXWUR D UHWyULFD VREUH RV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV VH GH-­ VHQYROYH SHUPHDGD SRU LQWHUHVVHV GH GRPLQDomR H H[SORUDomR TXH VH PDVFDUDP QRV DUJXPHQWRV GHIHQ-­ VRUHV GR KXPDQLWDULVPR (QWUH RV GHVD¿RV TXH VH DSUHVHQWDP DRV TXH VH HQYROYHP FRP HVVD FDXVD KRMH HVWi R GH FRPSUHHQGHU TXH R VHX GHVHQYROYLPHQWR QD KLVWyULD QmR VH Gi GHV-­ FRODGR GDV PDLV LPSRUWDQWHV IRUPXODo}HV WHyULFDV GD ¿ORVR¿D H GR GLUHLWR HQWUH RXWUDV iUHDV GH FRQKHFL-­ PHQWR 7DPEpP p LQVXEVWLWXtYHO TXH RV GLUHLWRV KX-­ PDQRV VHMDP OHYDGRV j FUtWLFD WHQGR HP YLVWD TXH R DOLQKDPHQWR GH JUXSRV RV PDLV GLYHUVRV jV VXDV FDX-­ VDV PDLV LPSRUWDQWHV QmR QRV WRUQDP FODURV RV LQ-­ WHUHVVHV HVFRQGLGRV QHVVD DGHVmR $¿UPD 'RX]LQDV RV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV ³Vy WrP SDUDGR[RV D RIHUHFHU´ '28=,1$6 0DLV GR TXH XP GHVHVWtPXOR RX SUHQ~QFLR GR ¿P GH XP QRYR KRUL]RQWH GH FRPEDWH WDO FRQVWLWXLomR SDUDGR[DO QRV Gi D H[DWD GLPHQVmR GR SUREOHPD D VHU HQIUHQWDGR SHORV TXH GH IDWR WrP

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REVOLUÇÕES E SEUS DIREITOS

Revoluções

23

Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos

$GRWDGD H SURFODPDGD SHOD 5HVROXomR Q $ ,,,

GD $VVHPEOHLD *HUDO GDV 1Do}HV 8QLGDV HP HP GH GH]HPEUR GH $VVLQDGD SHOR %UDVLO QD PHVPD GDWD

DOCUMENTOS

Considerando TXH R UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GD GLJQLGDGH LQHUHQWH D WRGRV RV PHPEURV GD IDPtOLD KXPDQD H GH VHXV GLUHLWRV LJXDLV H LQDOLHQiYHLV p R IXQGDPHQWR GD OLEHUGDGH GD MXVWLoD H GD SD] QR PXQGR Considerando TXH R GHVSUH]R H R GHVUHVSHLWR SHORV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV UHVXOWDP HP DWRV EiUEDURV TXH XO-­ WUDMDP D FRQVFLrQFLD GD KXPDQLGDGH H TXH R DGYHQWR GH XP PXQGR HP TXH RV KRPHQV JR]HP GH OLEHUGDGH GH SDODYUD GH FUHQoD H GD OLEHUGDGH GH YLYHUHP D VDO-­ YR GR WHPRU H GD QHFHVVLGDGH IRL SURFODPDGR FRPR D PDLV DOWD DVSLUDomR GR KRPHP FRPXP Considerando HVVHQFLDO TXH RV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV VHMDP SURWHJLGRV SHOR (VWDGR GH 'LUHLWR SDUD TXH R KRPHP QmR VHMD FRPSHOLGR FRPR ~OWLPR UHFXUVR j UHEHOLmR FRQWUD D WLUDQLD H D RSUHVVmR Considerando HVVHQFLDO SURPRYHU R GHVHQYROYL-­ PHQWR GH UHODo}HV DPLVWRVDV HQWUH DV QDo}HV Considerando TXH RV SRYRV GDV 1Do}HV 8QLGDV UHD¿UPDUDP QD &DUWD VXD Ip QRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV IXQGDPHQWDLV QD GLJQLGDGH H QR YDORU GD SHVVRD KX-­ PDQD H QD LJXDOGDGH GH GLUHLWRV GRV KRPHQV H GDV 25

Revoluções

PXOKHUHV H TXH GHFLGLUDP SURPRYHU R SURJUHVVR VR-­ FLDO H PHOKRUHV FRQGLo}HV GH YLGD HP XPD OLEHUGDGH PDLV DPSOD Considerando TXH RV (VWDGRV 0HPEURV VH FRP-­ SURPHWHUDP D SURPRYHU HP FRRSHUDomR FRP DV 1Do}HV 8QLGDV R UHVSHLWR XQLYHUVDO DRV GLUHLWRV KX-­ PDQRV H OLEHUGDGHV IXQGDPHQWDLV H D REVHUYkQFLD GHVVHV GLUHLWRV H OLEHUGDGHV Considerando TXH XPD FRPSUHHQVmR FRPXP GHV-­ VHV GLUHLWRV H OLEHUGDGHV p GD PDLV DOWD LPSRUWkQFLD SDUD R SOHQR FXPSULPHQWR GHVVH FRPSURPLVVR $ $VVHPEOHLD *HUDO SURFODPD A  presente  Declaração  Universal  dos  Direitos  Hu-­ manos  como  o  ideal  comum  a  ser  atingido  por  todos  os  povos  e  todas  as  naçþes,  com  o  objetivo  de  que  cada  indivíduo  e  cada  órgão  da  sociedade,  tendo  sempre  em  mente  esta  Declaração,  se  esforce,  atra-­ vÊs  do  ensino  e  da  educação,  por  promover  o  res-­ peito  a  esses  direitos  e  liberdades,  e,  pela  adoção  de  medidas  progressivas  de  caråter  nacional  e  inter-­ nacional,  por  assegurar  o  seu  reconhecimento  e  a  sua  observância  universal  e  efetiva,  tanto  entre  os  povos  dos  próprios  Estados-­Membros,  quanto  entre  os  povos  dos  territórios  sob  sua  jurisdição.  Artigo  1°  7RGDV DV SHVVRDV QDVFHP OLYUHV H LJXDLV HP GLJQLGDGH H GLUHLWRV 6mR GRWDGDV GH UD]mR H FRQVFL-­ rQFLD H GHYHP DJLU HP UHODomR XPDV jV RXWUDV FRP HVStULWR GH IUDWHUQLGDGH

Artigo  2°  7RGD SHVVRD WHP FDSDFLGDGH SDUD JR]DU RV GLUHLWRV H DV OLEHUGDGHV HVWDEHOHFLGDV QHVWD 'HFODUD-­ omR VHP GLVWLQomR GH TXDOTXHU HVSpFLH VHMD GH UDoD FRU VH[R OtQJXD UHOLJLmR RSLQLmR SROtWLFD RX GH RX-­ WUD QDWXUH]D RULJHP QDFLRQDO RX VRFLDO ULTXH]D QDV-­ FLPHQWR RX TXDOTXHU RXWUD FRQGLomR 1mR VHUi WDPSRXFR IHLWD TXDOTXHU GLVWLQomR IXQ-­ GDGD QD FRQGLomR SROtWLFD MXUtGLFD RX LQWHUQDFLRQDO GR SDtV RX WHUULWyULR D TXH SHUWHQoD XPD SHVVRD TXHU VH WUDWH GH XP WHUULWyULR LQGHSHQGHQWH VRE WXWHOD VHP JRYHUQR SUySULR TXHU VXMHLWR D TXDOTXHU RXWUD OLPLWDomR GH VREHUDQLD Artigo  3°  7RGD SHVVRD WHP GLUHLWR j YLGD j OLEHUGD-­ GH H j VHJXUDQoD SHVVRDO Artigo  4°  1LQJXpP VHUi PDQWLGR HP HVFUDYLGmR RX VHUYLGmR D HVFUDYLGmR H R WUi¿FR GH HVFUDYRV VHUmR SURLELGRV HP WRGDV DV VXDV IRUPDV Artigo  5°  1LQJXpP VHUi VXEPHWLGR j WRUWXUD QHP D WUDWDPHQWR RX FDVWLJR FUXHO GHVXPDQR RX GHJUDGDQWH Artigo  6°  7RGD SHVVRD WHP R GLUHLWR GH VHU HP WRGRV RV OXJDUHV UHFRQKHFLGD FRPR SHVVRD SHUDQWH D OHL Artigo  7°  7RGRV VmR LJXDLV SHUDQWH D OHL H WrP GLUHL-­ WR VHP TXDOTXHU GLVWLQomR D LJXDO SURWHomR GD OHL 7RGRV WrP GLUHLWR D LJXDO SURWHomR FRQWUD TXDOTXHU 27

A. REVOLUÇÕES E A IDEIA DOS DIREITOS DE UM HOMEM UNIVERSAL GLVFULPLQDomR TXH YLROH D SUHVHQWH 'HFODUDomR H FRQ-­ WUD TXDOTXHU LQFLWDPHQWR D WDO GLVFULPLQDomR

Que relações haverá entre as revoluções e os direitos humanos?

Artigo 8° 7RGD SHVVRD WHP GLUHLWR D UHFHEHU GRV WUL-­ EXQDLV QDFLRQDLV FRPSHWHQWHV UHPpGLR HIHWLYR SDUD RV DWRV TXH YLROHP RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV TXH OKH VHMDP UHFRQKHFLGRV SHOD FRQVWLWXLomR RX SHOD OHL

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Revoluções

UHYROXomR YHLR FXPSULU RX QmR DV GHPDQGDV SRSX-­ ODUHV TXH D RULJLQDUDP QmR p GLVFXVVmR TXH SRGHUH-­ PRV GHVHQYROYHU DTXL 2 IDWR UHOHYDQWH p TXH FRP HOD R (VWDGR DGTXLUH QRYD FRQ¿JXUDomR H VH WRUQD PDLV SHUPHiYHO PHVPR TXH QmR SDUD WRGRV RV KRPHQV LJXDOPHQWH jV GHPDQGDV SRSXODUHV B. REVOLUÇÕES E REALIZAÇÃO DO INDIVÍDUO CONCRETO Quando as revoluções se referem ao indivíduo concreto e não ao homem universal?

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Revoluções

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Revoluções

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Revoluções

GH *RXODUW GHIHQGHX D LPSRUWkQFLD GD UHIRU-­ PD DJUiULD H ² R PDLV LPSRUWDQWH SDUD DWHQGHU jV GHPDQGDV SRU GLUHLWRV ² DOWHUDo}HV QD &RQVWLWXLomR EUDVLOHLUD 2 JROSH PLOLWDU HP GH PDUoR GH YHLR DERUWDU HVVDV LQWHQo}HV GH LQFRUSRUDU DR (VWDGR DVSHFWRV GLUHWDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGRV DRV GLUHLWRV KX-­ PDQRV H j HPDQFLSDomR GRV FLGDGmRV EUDVLOHLURV 2 H[tOLR D PRUWH GH PLOLWDQWHV D WRUWXUD D SURLELomR jV RUJDQL]Do}HV SDUWLGiULDV D FHQVXUD HQWUH RXWUDV PH-­ GLGDV GH FXQKR UHSUHVVLYR H GH QHJDomR GRV GLUHLWRV FLYLV EiVLFRV PDUFDUDP R JUDX GH YLROrQFLD FRP TXH DWXDYDP RV GLWDGRUHV QR %UDVLO Redemocratização e reconhecimento das de-­ mandas populares )RL R PRYLPHQWR SHOD UHGHPRFUDWL]DomR LQLFLDGR HP ¿QV GRV DQRV TXH UHWRPRX DV SUHVV}HV SHOR UHV-­ WDEHOHFLPHQWR GD OLEHUGDGH H GRV GLUHLWRV FLYLV SOH-­ QRV $ UHRUJDQL]DomR GH JUXSRV SROtWLFRV HP YROWD GH OLGHUDQoDV TXH UHWRUQDYDP GR H[tOLR D UHWRPDGD GDV JUHYHV GH WUDEDOKDGRUHV D UHRUJDQL]DomR SDUWLGi-­ ULD VLQGLFDO H GRV PRYLPHQWRV VRFLDLV R PRYLPHQWR SHODV HOHLo}HV GLUHWDV SDUD SUHVLGHQWH DGHQVDUDP DV GHPDQGDV SHOR ¿P GD GLWDGXUD $ SURPXOJDomR GD &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO HP p XP PDUFR QD FRQ-­ VROLGDomR GRV GLUHLWRV FLYLV H KXPDQRV QR kPELWR GDV OHLV 2V REMHWLYRV TXH FRQVWDP GR DUWLJR QRV GmR D H[DWD PHGLGD GR HVIRUoR SDUD VH ¿[DU QD &DUWD 0DJQD FRP FODUH]D RV GLUHLWRV PDLV IXQGDPHQWDLV GR KRPHP FRQVWUXLU XPD VRFLHGDGH OLYUH MXVWD H VROLGiULD JDUDQWLU R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR QDFLRQDO HUUDGLFDU D SREUH]D H D PDUJLQDOL]DomR H UHGX]LU DV GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRFLDLV H UHJLRQDLV SURPRYHU R EHP

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Revoluções

H FRQWUDGLo}HV QHJDP D LPDJHP GD ERD VRFLHGDGH LQ-­ GLYLVD SDFt¿FD H RUGHLUD´ $ LGHRORJLD GR SDtV RUGHLUR H SDFt¿FR TXH DJUDGD SDUFHODV H[SUHVVLYDV GD SRSX-­ ODomR HP WRGDV DV FODVVHV VRFLDLV QR %UDVLO WHP LPSOt-­ FLWD D LGHLD GH TXH DV GHPDQGDV H FRQÀLWRV FRQWUD D H[SORUDomR ³VmR VLQ{QLPR GH SHULJR FULVH GHVRUGHP H D HOHV VH RIHUHFH FRPR UHVSRVWD ~QLFD D UHSUHVVmR SROLFLDO H PLOLWDU SDUD DV FDPDGDV SRSXODUHV H R GHV-­ SUH]R FRQGHVFHQGHQWH SDUD RV RSRVLWRUHV HP JHUDO´ &+$8Ë

7RGRV HVVHV HOHPHQWRV KLVWyULFRV QRV GmR D PH-­ GLGD GH TXmR QHFHVViULD p D PLOLWkQFLD HP IDYRU GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV QR %UDVLO DWXDO 7DPEpP QRV HQ-­ VLQDP TXH HVVH WUDEDOKR UHTXHU HPSHQKR FRQWtQXR SHUVLVWHQWH H HP YiULDV IUHQWHV ,VWR SRUTXH HOH LPSOL-­ FD QmR DSHQDV DOWHUDU D GLQkPLFD GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR GDV LQVWLWXLo}HV H GR (VWDGR FRPR XP WRGR PDV VH LQVWDXUDU XPD FXOWXUD GH QHJDomR HP WRGRV RV kPEL-­ WRV VRFLDLV H LQVWLWXFLRQDLV GD YLROrQFLD GD H[SORUD-­ omR H GD GRPLQDomR TXH LPSUHJQD D KLVWyULD GR SDtV GHVGH D VXD JrQHVH

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DIREITOS E DESEJOS

Revoluções

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Lei Maria da Penha /HL GH DJRVWR GH

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DOCUMENTOS

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Revoluções

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DV FRQGLo}HV GH SRVVLELOLGDGH SDUD VHU IHOL] HQWmR D IHOLFLGDGH VH UHDOL]D HP WRGD D VRFLHGDGH $VVLP QD YHUVmR PRGHUQD GD IHOLFLGDGH p LPSHUD-­ WLYR TXH RV LQGLYtGXRV VHMDP UHFRQKHFLGRV FRPR SHV-­ VRDV MXUtGLFDV HP VXD SDUWLFXODULGDGH 1mR LPSRUWD D QDWXUH]D GH VXD RULJHP FODVVH UHOLJLmR ² WRGRV HP VXDV SDUWLFXODULGDGHV VmR LJXDLV SHUDQWH D /HL &RP LVVR LQDXJXUD VH R SDUDGR[R TXH SHUPHLD D UHODomR PRGHUQD HQWUH GHVHMRV H GLUHLWRV 2 GHVHMR p D PDUFD GD VLQJXODULGDGH TXH PRELOL]D RV LQGLYtGXRV D VXSULU VXDV FDUrQFLDV 2V GLUHLWRV SRU VXD YH] KD-­ ELWDP R PXQGR GD /HL 2X VHMD VH SRU XP ODGR R LQGLYtGXR p UHFRQKHFLGR HQTXDQWR WDO FRPR GHWHQWRU GH FDSDFLGDGHV H GHVHMRV TXH OKHV VmR SUySULRV SRU RXWUR p QHFHVViULR TXH WDLV SDUWLFXODULGDGHV VH FROR-­ TXHP ³SHUDQWH D /HL´ (Q¿P R FDPSR XQLYHUVDO GRV GLUHLWRV p QHFHVViULR SDUD TXH DV SDUWLFXODULGDGHV VH-­ MDP UHFRQKHFLGDV FRPR WDLV GH PRGR TXH R GLUHLWR GH XP QmR SUHMXGLTXH R GH RXWUR Enfim, a particularidade dos desejos está submetida à igualdade de direitos?

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Revoluções

VXD IHOLFLGDGH QDTXLOR TXH GH DFRUGR FRP VXD RSL-­ QLmR SDUWLFXODU SRGH SURSRUFLRQDU PDLV SUD]HUHV H PHQRV VRIULPHQWR 2 GHVHMR SRUWDQWR FDUHFH GH FUL-­ WpULRV REMHWLYRV H DSHVDU GH KXPDQR QmR FRQVHJXH RIHUHFHU XPD EDVH XQLYHUVDOPHQWH UHFRQKHFLGD SDUD SDXWDU DV SUiWLFDV H R FRQYtYLR VRFLDO $ RUGHP GDV SUiWLFDV VRFLDLV GHYH VHJXLU RXWURV FULWpULRV TXH FRQ-­ GLFLRQHP D KXPDQLGDGH SDUD R UHLQR GD OLEHUGDGH 6HULD SRLV D /HL PRUDO H QmR PDLV D IHOLFLGDGH TXH RIHUHFHULD FULWpULRV XQLYHUVDOPHQWH UHFRQKHFLGRV SDUD DV Do}HV GRV LQGLYtGXRV GHYH VH SRLV VXEPH-­ WHU R GHVHMR SDUWLFXODU j YRQWDGH GD /HL ² HLV R TXH .DQW RSHUD HP VHX imperativo categórico SHOR TXDO VH GHYH DJLU GH WDO PDQHLUD TXH D YRQWDGH GH FDGD XP SRVVD YDOHU FRPR SULQFtSLR GH XPD OHJLVODomR XQLYHU-­ VDO (P XPD OLQJXDJHP PDLV SUiWLFD DOJXpP SRGH HP YH] GH FRPHWHU XPD LQMXVWLoD SRU GHIHVD SUySULD RSWDU OLYUHPHQWH SRU DUULVFDU VXD YLGD HP SURO GD MXVWLoD ,VVR SRUTXH QD YLVmR GH .DQW D /HL PRUDO ² H QmR R GHVHMR VXEMHWLYR ² IRUQHFH EDVHV SDUD D GHOLEH-­ UDomR GHVWH LQGLYtGXR O respeito às diferenças estabelece um relativismo moral ou é uma ampliação dos direitos?

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Revoluções

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Revoluções

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53

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Revoluções

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55

IV

DIREITOS HUMANOS, INSTITUIÇÕES E EDUCAÇÃO

Revoluções

57

Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988

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59 Revoluções

A. INSTITUIÇÕES E REALIZAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS CAPÍTULO III Da Educação, da Cultura e do Desporto SEÇÃO I Da Educação Art. 205. $ HGXFDomR GLUHLWR GH WRGRV H GHYHU GR (VWDGR H GD IDPtOLD VHUi SURPRYLGD H LQFHQWLYDGD FRP D FRODERUDomR GD VRFLHGDGH YLVDQ-­ GR DR SOHQR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD SHVVRD VHX SUHSDUR SDUD R H[HUFtFLR GD FLGDGDQLD H VXD TXDOL¿FDomR SDUD R WUDEDOKR Art. 206. 2 HQVLQR VHUi PLQLVWUDGR FRP EDVH QRV VHJXLQWHV SULQFtSLRV , ² LJXDOGDGH GH FRQGLo}HV SDUD R DFHVVR H SHUPDQrQ-­ FLD QD HVFROD ,, ² OLEHUGDGH GH DSUHQGHU HQVLQDU SHVTXLVDU H GL-­ YXOJDU R SHQVDPHQWR D DUWH H R VDEHU 'RFXPHQWR FRPSOHWR QR VLWH ZZZ UHYROXFRHV RUJ EU

Que instituições podem efetivar os direitos humanos?

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61

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Revoluções

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Revoluções

87

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