Ali DT
15,000 - 10,000 BC The first known visual communication, with pictographs and symbols in the Lascaux caves in southern France. 3600 BC The Blau Monument, the oldest artifact known to combine words and pictures.
MY GDES HISTORY REVIEW!
105 AD Chinese government official Ts’ai Lun credited with inventing paper. 1450 Johann Gensfleisch zum Gutenburg credited with perfecting the system for printing type in books.
Key things with notes in between
1460 Albrecht Pfister the first to add illustrations to a printed book. 1470 Nicolas Jenson, considered one of history’s greatest typeface designers, sets news standard for Roman type. 1530 Claude Garamond opens first type foundry, developing and selling fonts to printers. 1722 First Caslon Old Style font developed, later used for the printing of the Declaration of Independence. 1760 Industrial Revolution begins, setting the stage for advances in graphic design production. 1796 Author Aloys Senefelder develops lithography. 1800 Lord Stanhope invents first printing press made of all cast-iron parts, requiring 1/10 the manual labor and 1816 First sans-serif font makes a subtle entrance as one line of a book. 1861 Williams Morris, who became a highly influential figure in design history, sets up art-decorating firm. 1880 Development of halftone screen allows for first photo printed with a full range of tones.
Key dates taken from http://graphicdesign.about.com/od/history/a/timeline1.htm
Art Nouveau
Arts and Crafts
Plakatstil
1860 - 1900 (40 years)
1880 - 1914 (34 years)
1900-1930 (30 years)
William Morris
At movement popular between 1890 and 1905 -architecture, art, book and poster design, advertisements, magazines
Lucian Bernhard enters contest for Priester Matches
John Ruskin Emphasis on quality of craft in the face of mass production in Industrial Revolution
Begerstaff Brothers
French for “New Art”
Posters only have product name/illustration, flat colors
Kelmscott Press
Plant and animal motifs
Simplistic shapes, shadows
Architecture, textile, books
Featured violently curving images, termed “whiplash”
Bold lettering Hans Rudi Erdt, Julius Gipkens, Julius Klinger
Typography highly ornamental, not legible but useful as display Influenced heavily by Japanese wood block prints
Futurism
Art Deco
Suprematism
1909-1930 (21 years)
1915-1930 (15 years)
Social movement in addition to art
A.M. Cassandre
Italy based
Began in Paris
Russian based
Celebrates popular media and technology
Inspired by cubism and futurism, very ornamental
Non-euclidean geometry, forms moving through space
Shown in painting, ceramics, sculpture, graphic design, interior design, theater, film, literature, music, architecture -showecased despise of classics/antiquity
Response to WWI
Painting, poetry, theater
1915-1930 (15 years) Geometric forms, especially square and circle represent simplification of form
Doing away with the old, creating new
Ideas of Futurism expresed through writing and manifestos Characteristic “divisionism” style of painting breaks light and color into dots and geometric forms Themes: technology, speed, youth, violence, cars, airplanes, industial city Influenced: cubism, art nouveau, constructivism, surrealism Combines activism with art
De Stijl
Dadaism
Bahaus
1916-1922 (6 years)
1917- 1931 (14 years)
Cultural movement
Dutch for “the style”
World War One,anti-war politics
Reduction of elements to pure geometric forms and colors
1919 - 1933 (14 years) Began in Weimar, Germany
Art, literature, poetry, graphic design
Cleanliness, utilitarianism, clear thinking
Based on publication of the same name
Zurich, Switzerland based Abstraction to achieve the idea of harmony and order
Anti art, breaking away from all traditional art aesthetics -aimed to shock, protest, against blind faith and religion
Elements carefully chosen, colors divide and provide orientation Heavily influenced by Constructivism and De Stijl Influenced International Style and Modernism
”dada” nonsense, french word for hobbyhorse Collage and found objects served as major stapes in this movement Influenced: futurism, pop art, postmodernism
Key figures: Hugo Ball, Hannah Hoch, Francis Picabia
Constructivism
Modern American Design (1925 - 1950) 25 years
New Typography (1930 - 1950) 20 years
1919- 1922 (3 years)
“Make something cute and stick with it”- Paul Rand on logos
Clarity over beauty
Russian based
Grids, bars boxes, structure, balance
Art and architectural movement
ABC logo inspired by rounded bauhaus letterforms
Rule oriented
Art as means for social change!!!
IBM referencing egyptian hieroglyphics
Rebuilding society as Utopia
Chase logo, Chermayeff and Geisman, hundreds others Westinghouse
What is the magic word? Remember. We see, and we believe in what we see. We make fast connections. We remember. We interpret.
Interpret this!
Floral pattern, William Morris 1883
Pink and Rose Wallpaper Design Made by, William Morris, ca. 1890
Job, papier a cigarettes Jules Chéret 1889
The Well at the World's End Edward Burne-Jones1896
Georges Richard Cycles & Auto... Eugène Grasset 1897
The Englishman at the Moulin Rouge ... Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1892
Osram Lightbulbs Bernhard, Lucian c.1920
Grathwohl Cigaretten Ludwig Hohlwein (German ... 1921
Portrait of F. T. Ma... Prampolini, Enrico, 18941924-5
Grathwohl Cigaretten Ludwig Hohlwein (German ... 1921
Young Woman in Green Lempicka, Tamara de 1927
Illustrations for Universal War Rozanova, Olga and Aleksei Kruche... 1916
Broadway Boogie Woogie Piet Mondrian 1942-43
"Karawane;" the author in costume ... Ball, Hugo 1916
Têtes-paysage Francis Picabia 1928
The Beautiful Girl Hoch, Hannah 1919-1920
Orange - Composition ... Wassily Kandinsky 1923
America’s Answer Carlu
geographic atlas Bayer
Naum Gabo
Merz-Matineen El Lisickij, (graphic designer) 1923
Coat, Evening Attributed to Paul Poiret ca. 1925
Construction of Volume .. Georges Vantongerloo 1921
"Vorfrühling" in the book Klänge ... Wassily Kandinsky 1911
Alexander Rochenko
"Kassama", Corn Flour Beggarstaffs (James Pryde & W... 1894
Poster-Beat the Whites with the Red ... Lissitzky, El, 1890-1941 1919-20
"Karawane;" the author in costume ... Ball, Hugo 1916
Harper’s Bazaar Spread Brodovitch
Atlas-Salatoele, 5 Sorten. Franz ... Hohlwein, Ludwig ca. 1910
Chrysler Building, New York City: ... Van Alen, William
Poster: World's First ... Rozanova, Ol'ga Vladim... 1913
Bradley His Book, Prospectus Bradley, William H., 1868-1962. 1894
Lyubov Popova
The Development of Transportation, ... Gustav Klucis 1929
geographic atlas Bayer
Images from artstor
now what?
FYI (For your inspiration)
Joseph Albers Alvin Eisenman Norman Ives Cipa Pineless Ernst Keller Theor Ballmer Max Bill Max Huber Armin Hofmann Josef Muller-Breckmaan Paul Rand
C I A X N E M ~ ~ Typography
Alvin Lustig Bradbury Thompson Saul Bass George Tschemy Thomas H Geismar Ivan Chermayeff Robert Brownjohn Anton Stankowki Alexe Brodovitch Joseph Binder AM Cassandre
Muralism very important!
Herbert Bayer Herbert Matter Ladislav Sutnar Laszlo Moholy-Nagy Georgy Kepes
Hand lettering common, esp where handwork is available
Rotulo=artists who can paint big scale letterforms
Consistent addition of orgnament and effects
More personal than print, more creative
Illiteracy rate less than three percent
Designed around available space, HIGHLY interactive with environment
More is better>drop shadows, show wealth of resources
Signage illustrative, must entertainand portray message
Aztecs very war oriented High population, crowding leads to advertising everywhere in every corner imaginable
Signage typically paint and wood Typical of poorer areas Translates into digital world Express tone of voice over as crowded compositions legibility, convey message with tons of effects
Blackstyle used during gothic period but seen many revivals
Baseline is negotiable Even city signs handmade. Some signs done with calligraphy brushes
Q. how does the invention of the internet and the world wide web compare to the invention of the printing press? The internet allows for instantaneous dispersal of information. When we grow used to web based design, we disconnect from sizing relationships, what is suitable for print, etc. Physical Nuance is lost
Q. in a world of computers with fonts, graphic templates of all sorts, and royalty free images, what is the new role of the designer? Same as it ever was. Yes, anyone can be a designer, but they must practice. There is no getting around it. What are they practicing? Systems. Identity will always be important, and above the grasp of artifical intelligence or laymen
Q. taking into consideration the text of the First Things First Manifesto, what do you think that are the three biggest challenges that graphic design is facing today? 1. Unless you actively try otherwise, your designs will be fueling a consumerist society. How do you know what companies are worthy? 2. Where else can we find design aside from advertising? 3. How do we continue being original and embracing design as an art? Has it all been done? Are we doomed to just keep recreating the same things?