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yk H E S d y f r S w f w rf ; xkwfa0ol / EdkifiHtusOf;om;rsm;ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;toif;(jrefrmEdkifiH) xkwfa0jcif; / yxrtBudrf? 2009 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv rsufESmzHk;ESifhtwGif;'DZdkif; / oD[armifarmif qufoG,f&ef / P.O Box 93, Maesod, Tak, 63110, Thailand Tel: 66(0)55 545 495 e.mail: info@aappb.org website: www.aappb.org

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[kwef Kd io f nf[k tke;f ode;f xifjyefonf/ ajymolu rde;f rESpaf ,muf&NyD;ol bmtvkyrf v S J [kww f yd wfwd r&Sq d akd wmU 'grSeef Kd iw f ,f[k tke;f ode;f ,lqvku d o f nf/ 0ify;l uGm b,foUl rS *&kpu kd rf aeeJU BudKurf &Suf idu fk rf &Sub f [ J k xyfqifw h eG ;f tm;ay;vku d \ f / tke;f ode;f a&GUoGm;onf/ _______________________________________________ um;vwfay:rS qif;vku d o f nfEiS hf tke;f ode;f eif;vmaom pufb;D eSib hf mG ;ueJawGUNyD; ndK&if xdwo f mG ;&onf/ b,fv[ J k tNyK;H jzifh ar;onfukd b,fvw dk ek Uf jyef&rSe;f &kww f &uf pOf;pm;&onfrmS yif yef;vSygbd/ tke;f ode;f [m ZGwo f rm; twif;a&Smifvu dk &f if &Su&f rf;&rf;r,f[al om rcifat;pum;ukd vku d ef mrdí qGr;f ydUk rvkUd av[k ykrH eS af jymvdu k &f onf/ ]b,fausmif;vJ} ]awm&ausmif;} ][m ...tawmfyJ igvJ tJ'Dra&mufwmMumNyD ausmif;0if;xJu apwDav;udk 0ifzl;vkduf OD;r,f} rd;k BudK;ypfawmif cGmrnfr[kwo f nfU awmufwUJ uyfaeNyDjzpfí ndKu tif;[kom wkeUf jyef &if; ud, k Uf pufb;D ud, k rf ysuef if;vmonf/ tke;f ode;f u &ifabmifwef;eif;vm&if; {nfUonfBuD; jyefomG ; NyDvm;[k NyHK;ppar;\/ tif;..[kom rajzcsif ajzcsiaf jzvku d &f onf/ ausmif;xJrmS yufyif;wk;d &ifawmU 'kuy© [ J k olrylyefae&if; ig..vl&iS ;f rS xGuv f mwm b,ftcsed u f wnf;u acsmif;NyD; apmifah eygvdrUf [k tvkrd us jzpfvmjyefonf/ ausmif;0if;xJ pufb;D 0ifvmuwnf;u aysmNf rL;&aom cHpm;rSKrSm ndKUrsuEf mS ay:rS pk;d &GUH jcif;t&dyt f a,mifaMumifh ylyefrKS jzihf azaomif; ajymif;vJcpH m;vku d &f \/ &vku d o f nfUtcGit hf a&;av;wGif rsu&f yd jf yvku d o f nfU ndKUtcsuaf y;rSKaMumifh azaomif;ud, k &f edS o f wfum tomykae&onf/ armiftek ;f ode;f qkw d m 'Dy*k Kd¾ vfyJ aer,f[k csucf si;f cefUrSe;f rdovk?d aemufqufwjJG yóem rsm;udk a&Smif&rnfU todaMumifh olUqE´tm;vk;H udk csKd ;ESrd u f m awm&ausmif;tpGet f zsm;zuf oGm;a&Smif aevku d &f onf/ onfwaeUtwGuo f m arQmv f ifch suu f if;jcif;r[kwf reufjzefaygif;rsm;pGm twGuv f n;f olonf ndKUrsuv f ;Hk av;rsm;tpm; a&Munfajrmif;uav;udo k m tvGr;f ajyMunfU&awmUrnf[k em;vnf vdu k o f nf/ ____________________________________________ ]a&mifpHk ausmufv;Hk t&G,pf eHk UJ a'gif;ig;av;awGu;l aewJU a&Munfajrmif;uav;udk rsu0f ef;wpkt H aeeJU oydwv f , G u f av; aw;oHudk pum;oHtaeeJU &SOUf ndKav;&JU tNrD;zm;zm;udk qHE, G &f n S af wGtaeeJU ajymif;vJESpfodrfU&wJUtcg..

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&[ef;wyg; a[majym&ef wufvmvku d f awmfMum xyfrcH sw D ufvmonfU ausmif;toD;oD;rS ausmif;om;rsm;udk vufcw k w f ;D BudKqv dk u dk Ef iS hf ausmif;0if;wckv;Hk ESit hf wl ndKU&ifrmS vSKy&f mS ;aeonfUMum; rS pmMunfUwku d af &SUodUk MunfUí &SmazG&onfrmS tarmom;/ __________________________________________ tvsiv f dk taES;awGUovkd jzpfaeNyD / vku d cf sio f rl sm;udk ac:&ef bwfpum;iSm;&onfU wm0efyg azaomif;,l&\/ vG,v f , G Ef iS hf r& aemufq;Hk rS [D;Ek;d wpD;&vmí tarmwaum ac:um wifvm&onf/ pdwx f üJ tvkyu f wzuf ndK twGuf tm;em&onfuwzuf / ausmif;0if;xJ jyefa&mufí pmMunfUwku d af &SUajy;rnfMuHumrS jyóem uay:aeonf/ ]a[Uaumif pifab;rSm vkjH cHKa&;,luG yGzJ surf ,fU aumifawG tm;prf;aeNyD} ocsmF rS tzGUJ rsm;ta&;wBuD;owif;ay;í olpkHpr;fMunfU&m ausmif;om;a&;yJvkyfr,f..edKifiHa&;ra[majymeJU[kqkd um olwUdk wcgrS rjrifb;l olwpku pifuw kd uford ;f &efBuHjcif;yif / azaomif;pifeaH b;wif;usyaf om vkH jcHKa&;pnf;rSm vufcsi;f csw d í f umuG,x f m;&olawG xJyg0ifae&\/ Aku d u f w*D*G rDG nfvmrS xrif;rpm;&ao;rSe;f odvmonf/ pifatmuf&Sd xrif;xkyfrsm;rS awGUu&mtxkyfvSrf;qGJí wa,mufuvkdufcGHUa<u;\/ azaomif;wkUd vufwrJG jzKwf um&Hxm;&if; yg;pyfu0g;..rsupf u d vsiv f six f m;&onf/ bJOwvk;H ESihf xrif; av;ig;vky0f ifomG ;NyD olacgif;&rf;jyvku d &f \/ piftaemufrmS Budwí f jzpfaeaomjyóemudk y&dwo f wf rod&ef zk;H zdvsuf ol&wkUd tzGUJ ysm,mcwfaeonf/ ]MunfUprf; ckeuyJ tmpDo&D; tzGUJ awGvmwm igawGUygw,f/ b,frvJuakd zaomif; .. pmMunfUwku d af &SUudk ra&mufvmbl; } b,favmufaepdrUf vJqw dk m} t&m&mudk rsupf o d il ,fem;oli,fEiS Mhf unfUae&aom ndK rSm rcifat; pum;aMumifh pdr;f um;jcif; "g;yg;ESihf olr&ifwiG ;f trTe;f cHae&onfU a0'emudk todtrSwrf jyKcsiyf J jyKvu dk &f NyDjzpfonf/ ]igwkUd vnf; qmvSNyD ..vmwckco k mG ;pm;&atmif } rcifat; ac:&m ndKUrSm OD;xkyu f av;aqmif;í ukyu f yk v f u dk cf UJ &\/ pifay:wGif 'd;k ywfrsm; wD;í ausmif;olo;Hk a,mufcefUu oDcsi;f rsm;qkad eonf/ [kww f yd wÅd oDcsi;f rwdu k &f bJ qk&d onfrUdk toH rrSef? ausmif;olrsm;rSmvnf; r&Jw&Jjzpfaeí ndK0kd;w0g;omMum;&aomfvn;f [,f..ae0if;&JU ...[l aom toHukd twdtusMum;vdu k í f ausmcsr;f ovkd jzpfr\ d / ___________________________________________________ ][kdrSm ndK ....ndK ...rcifat; ...vmvm..'Dudkvm} pifaemufzuf olrwkUd jzwfavQmufcsed f &SKyaf xG;aeaom ausmif;om;tkyMf um;rS ac:oHaMumifh vSnUf MunfUMuonf/ azaomif;rS pifaemufzufü tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;ESit hf wl vlww H idk ;f ozG,f vuf csif;csdwfum xm;&mrS ..olrwkdUtm; rcsifhr&Jac:aejcif;yif /

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]igajymcsiw f mu eif[m udak zaomif;qDu &wmqkkd bmrqked UJ auseyfvu dk w f myJ a&mif&h J vku d w f myJ igUrsupf x d rJ mS eifxrif;pm;aewm[m uav;av;wa,muf t&ku d cf &H NyD; rsu&f nfpufvufeUJ pm;aewm MunfU&ovkyd J igpdwrf aumif;bl;} rcifat;pum;aMumifh ndKU &ifxJ ZGwEf pS x f m;&aom t&mwck bGm;ueJay:vmonf/ xkd t&monf pdr;f um;jcif; Budrv f ;Hk jzihf ememeufcx H m;&aom oHa,mZOfuav;yif uav;i,f\ rsu&f nfpdk rsuEf mS ? wk;d wdrw f rd f &SKu d o f yH ifjzpfonf[v k n;f olrbmom odcUJ NyD;om;yifjzpfonf/ ndK bmrS jyefrajymjzpf? olr rBudKuaf om ig;wwk;H ESihf [if;&nfuso J m ygaomxrif;xkyf xJrS t&Gut f zwfrsm;uko d m 0g;pm;&if;tpmvGeaf eonfU jyóukd &Si;f aevku d o f nf/ ]wu,fawmU oHa,mZOftppfrmS *vJUpm;r&Sb d ;l qkw d m igoabmaygufomG ;NyD? tmCmw r&Sb d J *vJUpm;b,fv&dk ydS gUrvJqw dk m igrpOf;pm;cJUbl; ndKa&....} rcifat;onf 0uFbmwck\ xGuaf ygufujkd rifí xGuo f mG ;olwOD;ES,f xko d Udk a&&Gw\ f / ndK um;0uFbmxJ rsupf v d nfaumif;wke;f qdw k m ndKomodygonf/ _________________________________________________ reufvif;í rcifat;udk arQmaf omfvnf; a&mufrvm ndKUzmom oGm;&efvnf; a':av; wkUd urvTw&f J aejrifo h nfEiS t hf rQ owif;pkaH &mufvmonf/ ausmif;ydwv f u dk Nf yD? ausmif;om;rsm; tjyifoUkd csDwufukefNyD? ajreDukef;rSm yGJMurf;ukefNyD ponf.... ndKUrSm bk&m;pifa&SU acgif;pkdufí qkawmif;&kHom naerS rcifat; tiSm;um;wpD;jzihf rsujf yL;qefjyma&mufcsvmNyD; ]a[U ...ndKa& vpfMur,f tajctaeraumif;bl; eifhtdrfa&m igUtdrfyg tBuD;tus,f pdwyf u l ek af wmUr,f[k ac:awmUonf} ndKarsmv f ifch sut f m;vk;H udk rpGeUf csiyf J pGeUf vku d &f NyD/ azaomif;OD;xkyf av;uko d m tdwx f o J yd x f nfUí blwmokUd qif;cJU&onf/ wNrdKUvk;H um; y&Guq f w d u f kd rD;ESiNhf rdKuv f u dk o f vkd tk<H u use&f pfcUJ \/ _______________________________________________________ &xm;ay:üvnf; 'DtaMumif;udo k m vltrsm;vSKyfvKS yf&&G aG jymaeMuqJ /ndKvn;f em;axmif &if; tdww f iG ;f rS OD;xkyu f kd prf;MunfUum OD;xkyyf idk &f iS t f wGuf aemufqw H iifiif/ ajreDuek ;f rSm vkx H ed ;f rsm; ESihf wku d cf u dk o f nfUyGu J kd toJw,m;,m; Mum;&orQ ndK rcifat;aygifux kd í k ukad zaomif;wkUd ygrSmao csmw,f[k wk;d wk;d ajym\/ rcifat;rSm 'DwcgawmU rvG,b f ;l xifw,ff [kom pd;k &drrf uif;wkeUf jyef\/ ndK ikrd UJ rJU jzpfaeonf/ ]bmrJUaewmvJ rvG,b f ;l qdw k m tajctaeawG xde;f zkUd rvG,w f majymwm ausmif;om; awGu t&rf;pkrNd yD; t&Sed &f aeNyD? aemufqw k Mf uawmUrSm r[kwb f ;l } ndKwkUd tdraf &SUblwmav;rSm &xm;qku d o f nfEiS hf rcifat;jyeftvmudk arQmaf eMuolrsm; xJwiG f rdom;pkrsm;omru &yfx&J mG xJrS tawmfrsm;rsm;uyg 0kid ;f tkaH &mufaeNyD;tvkt,ufowif;ar;

Muonf/ twlqif;vmaom ndKtm; awGUí rcifat;ESifh aygif;rdaeNyD[k wGufcsufem;vnfolrsm;u em;vnfomG ;MuavNyD/ xkt d xJ tke;f ode;f vnf; tygt0if/ __________________________________________________________ tar\ pk;d &drrf KS rD;awmufBuD;udk xif;rsm;xyfrxk;d awmUaomfvnf; tyl&edS rf ukeaf o;yJ w0ke;f 0ke;f avmifaeqJ/ igUrSm tdyv f Udk awmifr&bl; vGww f UJ vluvnf; vGww f ,f oGm;wJUoluvnf; w u,fUyGBJ uD;rS a&mufatmifomG ;w,f/ igrSm &orQb&k m;&Scd ;dk awG ukeNf yD[ak jymonf/ taz.udkUowif;pkH jrifuGif;pkH olrazmufonfcsNyD; tdyfcef;xJ0ifem;awmUr,f [kqdkum t&ifq;Hk vkyrf ad om tvkyrf mS tdwx f rJ S OD;xkyu f x dk w k í f aqmif;MunfUNyD; rSex f jJ yefMunfUonfU tvkyyf if jzpfawmUonf/ olr rsuEf mS tpm; OD;xkyyf idk &f iS \ f uHMur®mukd rSex f jJ rif&vQif aumif;aypG [k wrf;wrdaomf vnf; aomuck;d &ku d í f ndK;aeaom olr rsuEf mS ukyd if ndKjrif&onfom/ __________________________________________________ iSuyf pfa,mifaqmifí tke;f ode;f ndKwkUd jcHaemuf pnf;&k;d em;uyfacsmif;onf/ a&ujyifwiG f ajccsxidk &f if; ndKUvufxv J n S Uf ywfMunfUaeonfrmS azaomif;OD;xkyrf eS ;f tke;f ode;f csucf si;f rSwrf o d mG ;NyD; pdwx f J zsO;f ueJ jzpfum azaomif;yku H kd jyefjrifa,mifvm\/ ]'DZmwfvrf;u rNyD;ao;bl;vm;/ &efuek o f mG ;NyD; rcifat;eJUaygif;NyD; bmawGvyk cf UJ vJ? 'D OD;xkyu f b,fv&dk vmovJ...tke;f ode;f woDwwef;BuD;awG;&if; ajcvSr;f jyefa&TU? *Rwu f eJ opfuidk ;f ajcmuf udk eif;csro d nf/ ]azaomif; b,frvJ} _____________________________________________________________ aeapmif;&if azaomif; raewwfb;l [knaewkid ;f ol atmfcUJ NyD;NyD/ ,ck naevnf; xkd okUd atmfNyD;rS &ifxaJ &mufvmaomtawG;udk pum;vk;H rsm;jzihf zGUJ MunfUaerd\/ ]oHa,mZOf pum;udk o,fomG ;r,fU iSuw f aumif tarT;ta&mifvSyom;? olUtawmif jzwfcx H m;awmU ysv H Qurf oGm;} vufwqpfcefUom useaf om aq;vdyw f u dk dk aumufuu kd Nf yD; rD;aoG;cJjzifh eH&t H uG,w f iG f xko d Udk a&;jcpfvu dk o f nf/ avmavmq,fawmU tdycf sed [ f k atmfoMH um;vQif ykq;dk NcHKí auG;&ko H m/naeu rsKd cscUJ aom xrif;u a&jzihyf í G Aku d x f rJ mS uRr;f xk;d aeoHMum;&onf/ om;pm;usm;rSe;f odygvQuf zufv;Hk rdcUJ NyD/ ajcuyJ p0g;0g;..acgif;uyJ pudu k u f u dk f rao f

rcsi;f awmU ravQmUwrf; owfy&Hk o Hk m[k ESv;Hk yku d Nf yD; oHwidk u f dk acgif;jyK eH&aH v;bufukd jcifawmifrw S u f m BudKrjrifeKd iaf om tdrrf ufukd qkawmif;jcif;uif;uif;jzihf BudKqv dk u dk \ f / rk;d waygufayguf jcifwpDpjD zifh tdrrf ufopH Of ed'gef;csND yDjzpfonf/ ______________________________________ ]aps;BuD;ykid ;f u cifarmifvwfukd odvm;..olvnf;jyefra&mufawmUbl; olUrdbawGvnf; oem;ygw,f/ vrf;ay:rSmwif aysmufomG ;wmxufpm&if tkwef &H BH um; ykpH x H rif;pm;ae&wmrS awmfyg ao;w,fvUdk yJ qkawmif;&rvkjd zpfaew,f } rcifat; a&mufvmNyD ay;aomowif;aMumifh ndK aq;rvdr;f bJxm;aomtemudk vuf jzifv h mzdovkd jzpfvmonf/ azaomif; emrnfukd ndKrac:0HUbJ [kw d a,mufvnf; OD;xkyaf v;ay;vku d f NyD; bmrS rod&awmUbl;aemf[k r0HUr&Jajymrd\/ ]awmfprf;yg[,f...olvGwfoGm;vnf; pmav;a&;NyD; pdwfyloufomatmif taMumif;Mum; zkdU pOf;pm;wwfwmrsdK; r[kwfbl;...iSufaysmfoD; ay:&mrSm aysmfaewJUarsmufvkdyJ} xko d Udk ar;NyD;rS olUOD;xkyaf &m[k ndKtm;ar;onf/ pdwaf ygufaygufEiS hf "g;jzihf eKwef Kwpf if; ypfrnfxifí &Syd gw,f bmvkyrf vkUd vJ olUudx k cd u dk o f mG ;ygr,f [kawmif;yef\/ ]bmvky&f rvJ[ igu vludk yJx&k u dk cf siaf ewm} rrat;qE´ rMumcifwvk;H w0xJ jynfUygap[kom ndK qkawmif;vku d &f onf/ rrat;wkUd 'Dvydk J aeawmUrSmvm; [k ndK rcsirhf &Jar;onf/ igbmvky&f rvJ igUowÅv d nf; eifoo d m;eJU bJOjyKwt f cGEH mG zkUd cG&J ifawmif vefUaewm [k rcifat; wkeUf jyef\/ ndK ajcqif;xkid af e&mrS Murf;ay:vScJ svu dk Nf yD; tvum;yJ[k tvkrd uspmG jrnfwrf;aeonf/ ]eifb,foUl rS avQmufrajymeJUaemf} rcifat;u r&Jw&JavoHjzifh ed'gef;ysKd ;ojzihf ndK acgif;jyefaxmifvmonf/ um;*dwzf ufrmS wkUd ausmif;om;u tzGUJ awG pkpNk yD;awGUaeMuw,f/ igUukad wmifvmac:ao; w,f/ igodyx f ifxifay:ay: rvky&f aJ o;bl; vkUd jiif;xm;vkUd olwUdk tcsed w f ef&if xyfvyk Mf uOD;rSm aocsmw,f/ ndKUrSm EGm;edKUylav;wcGuaf omufvu dk &f ovkd tm;&So d mG ;\/ vkyMf uyg? vkyMf uyg? axmif txJu vlawGukd iJUMuygOD; xGuv f matmif vkyMf uygOD;[k wzGzw G u dk w f eG ;f aeawmUonf/ ________________________________________________ ]iydpm;vkUd jzpfwmuG vlqu D ul;wmvnf;ygw,f/ [m..iydrpm;vkUd bmoGm;pm;rvJ.ayguf csiv f nf;aygufumG ayguf&ifuw k rf ,f zJUr,f} pojzifh 0Ja&m*gonfrsm; wpwprsm;vmNyDjzpfonf/ ]azaomif;rSm tawGUtBuHK&ifah eaom ausmif;om;wa,muf\ pum;aMumifh &ifcek pf &m wck&vm\/ ]wkUd awG rMumawmUygbl;uGm jyef&rSmyg..olwUdk zufu tvSnUf tywfwckck vkyu f v kd yk jf y &r,f /tJ'rD mS wkUd ygoGm;rSmyJ 'gayr,fU wku d yf rJG NyD;ao;bl; yGBJ uD;yGaJ umif;jyefawGU&OD;r,f[ } al om pum; udk auseyfpmG em;axmif&if; &SOUf uav;rsm;yku H dk rD;aoG;jzihf ck;d um a&;qGaJ erdonf/

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qkid w f ckxJ rcifat;vSr;f MunfUNyD; b,fvv dk [ J al om t"dygÜ ,fjzifh toHww d af r;vku d o f nfEiS hf vli,fw a,mufxu G v f monf/ vrf;twlavQmufMu&if; cifarmifvwfjyefa&mufaeNyD[k owif;ay;\/ ][dk ..[kd udak zaomif;qkw d ma&mawGUcJUovm;} ndKUtar;udk xko d el m;rvnf rcifat;u azaomif;qkw d m emrnft&if;rS r[kwb f J b,f odcsirf S odrmS aygU [kaiguf\/ usaemfwUdk qufvyk &f mS ;Mur,f/ rcifat;wwfeKd io f rQ 0ifurl ,f r[kwf vm;[k xko d al r;onf/ ]udjk rifah ZmfwUdk aemufrmS awmU usr&Syd gw,f a&SUawmU odyrf xGu&f b J ;l } &ygw,f 'Davmufajym0HU&ifyJ 0r;fomygw,f/ 'DnrD u &kyH idk Bf uD;orD;r[kwv f m; wavm u q,fwef;atmif w,fqw dk m[k udjk rifah Zmfar;onfwiG f ndK acgif;NidrUf jy\/ ]nDra&m...ygrSmvm; tpfuw kd Udk eJU vufwrJG ,f r[kwv f m;} [kwf...[k ndK acgif;ndrfUjyvkdufonfrSm tcsdefyif rqkdif;/ [kwNf yD usaemfwUdk cifarmifvwfqu D owif;pk, H Nl yD; jyefawGUMur,f[k udjdk rifah Zmfcsed ;f \/ vQKd U0Suo f zJ x kd J ud, k w f idk yf g&rnfrUkd ndK &ifwek af omfvnf; ukad zaomif;eJUawGUay;vku d cf siv f u dk w f m[laom qE´u ykBd uD;rm;aeonf/ __________________________________________________ 'Dwcg tazay;aom wm0efukd tke;f ode;f vkv d m;pGmxr;faqmif&ef uwdjyKvu dk \ f / &yfxJ &GmxJrmS owdxm;MunfU [kt d zGUJ awG vSKy&f mS ;wmawGU&if csucf si;f owif;ykUd prf;? qlcsiyf cl siw f UJ aumifawG udk qk;H r&zkUd igUrSwm0ef&w dS ,f[al om tazUpum;udk tke;f ode;f raemacGUvSonf/ tke;f ode;f wkUd b,favmuft&ma&mufw,fqw dk m od&rSmaygU ?rcifat;eJUaygif;NyD; tke;f ode;f udk ta&;rvkycf siw f UJ ndK b,foal wGu ydpk rG ;fovJqw kd m od&apUr,f igxifwUJ twkid ;f jzpfaevkUd uawmU ajcovk;H vmzuf&NyDomrSw[ f k Budr;f 0g;vku d af wmU\/ ___________________________________________ tdrjf yefa&mufNyD; &ufyidk ;f rQ ukyaf e&onfuykd if pdwrf &Sncf si/f [ku d onfu owif;vmar;orQ tarESirhf &DE, G u f pdww f ylyjl zifh aMumifu h srqk;H / ol&ESihf xGe;f oufwUdk tdro f Udk vmcGihf r&í ta0;rS ud, k [ f efwjyjy/ azaomif;uvn;f jywif;0u jyLwpfwpf/ vlvpfonfEiS f ah wGUMuNyD; tajctaeudk tMurf;zsi;f zvS,Mf uonf/ qufvyk Mf ur,fqdk aom tajzom&\/ xk&d ufxw J iG f olwUdk apmifMh unfUaeaom tqkyd gzufrS tpnf;a0;wckvyk u f m tay: ,Hajymif;vJrKS wckjziho f m ESpo f rd Uf vku d \ f / vlawGu a0zefrqk;H / azaomif;wkUd vkw d mr&ao;í tdrrf mS aevkUd rjzpf tukex f u G í f qufwu dk f qufwu dk f wku d yf 0JG if&efom qk;H jzwfMu\/ pnf;&k;H a&; twGuef ,f ajrcGMJ uonf/ azaomif;u ajryku H dk vufaxmufí ig'De,fw0ku d o f mG ;yg&ap [kqE´jyKonf/ tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;Mu&if; tqk;H owfü [kwNf yD qufo, G &f efemrnf azaomif; e,fajr ...[k ol&u rSwfom;vkdufonf/

azaomif;&ifrmS tawG;ESiyhf if aEG;axG;vm\/ *sLvSKd irf ;kd pufrsm;Mum; oltw d w f vk;H qGí J ,kMH unfcsuw f ck arQmv f ifch suw f ck ESit hf wl ajc vSr;f rsm;oGuaf eonf/ aumif;uifwckv;Hk ndK aeonfuykd if awmufyaom tNyHK;[k olowfrw S x f m;onf/ tm;vk;H udv k ufqJG eKwq f ufí ol aygUaygUyg;yg;xGuv f mcJUNyD/ ________________________________ um;*dwzf uf oGm;&rSmawmif cyfvefUvefU / olrwkUd roGm;cif tke;f ode;f u um;*dww f 0ku d f olUw ynfUtcsKd Ujzifh pGeUf &Jrsm;0Jovkd 0JaeMuNyD / udjk rifah ZmfEiS hf cufcufccJ J qufo, G Nf y;D qkcH u dk t f ajctaeudk rcifat; txdww f vefU&Si;f jy&\/ ]udprö &Sdbl; 'DtcsdefrSm 'DvkdaumifrsdK;awG wuf<ujyaewwfwmyJ ..a&Smif&oa&GUa&Smif aemufq;Hk ra&Smifom&if jyefcs&yHk }J ukjd rifah Zmfpum;aMumifh rcifat; ykc;Hk wGeUf um aMumufwwfygw,fqrdk S o&JajcmufwUJ tdrf Bu;Dd rSm tdycf idk ;f aeNyefygNyD [knnf;wGm;onf/ udjk rifah Zmfu *smuifxrJ S av;cGukd vSpjf yí 'gypfwmavmufawmU usix hf m;zkUd vkw d ,f / usm;rra&G; vkt d yf&if cHcs&rSmyJ[ak jym\/ rcifat; aMumuf';l wkeaf epOfyif ndKu ndK enf;enf;yg;yg;ypfwwfw,f[k tm;wufoa&m 0ifajymonf/ udjk rifah Zmf NyHK;í ndKUacgif;udk ykwu f m usix hf m;[k wku d w f eG ;f \/ ndK tdrjf yefa&mufonfEiS hf rmvumudik ;f udk vTjzifw h u dk o f nf/ tbarmifu bmvkyw f mvJ[k qku d m tem;0ifxidk \ f / ndK trSet f wkid ;f yif 0efcv H u dk o f nf/ tbarmif NyHK;í ay;ay; usKyfvyk af y;r,f[q k u dk m tustexkid v f yk af eawmU\/ __________________________________________________ a&tk;d pifudk jznfU&ef yk;H qGí J vmcku d ?f v,form;wa,muf xGew f ;Hk ESihf ESiw f u H idk u f m cyf aomufaeonfukd jrifíndK &yfapmifah e&onf/ rd;k wdraf wG ndK aeonfrmS raeUuvkyd if toJtzG&J mG cs OD;rnfU[efyif / &TUH pufrsm;ayuseaf eaom xkv d ,form;\ ajcwGif 0Jrsm;jynfUaeí ndK pdwyf supf mG MunfU aerd&if; ...aq;av;bmav; vdrf;zdkUawmif tcsdefr&bl; xifw,f[k awG;rdum oem;rdonf/ ]om"kygAsm ..om"kyg a':uRrJ BuD;&,f } v,form;\ pum;oHxu G v f monfEiS fh ndKUvufrS a&yk;H vGwrf usomG ;atmif renf;xdr;f vku d &f \/ &if0odUk 'de;f ueJ t&mwcku aqmifw h ufvmNyD; ndK wud, k v f ;Hk wke&f if; usecf UJ \/ ]trav;...bm..bm} ndK atmforH qk;H cif 0g;carmufudk armUjyaom azaomif;rsuEf mS ESihf wJUwJUwk;d í ndK ikrd vkd &,frvkd rsuEf mS jzifh a&yk;H udk *Gr;f ueJ ypfcsum azaomif;&ifbwfukd vufo;D jzihf w'k;H 'k;H xkvu dk o f nf/ azaomif;&,farmvQuf tke;f ode;f r&Sb d ;l vm;[k ar;\/ um;*dwb f ufukd rouFmvkUd pGev f 0dk aJ ew,f/ jrefjrefvm tdru f akd jy;&atmif[k ndKuref; uwef;ac:cJU&onf/ a':wifwif tdrf0rSjrifaomf [JU[JU atmfum ...0rf;om0rf;enf;BudKonf/ _____________________________________________

onf/ ola&csKd ;aepOf ndKu rcifat;udk oGm;ac:r,fqu kd m vSpu f eJ xGuo f mG ;\/ ndKwa,muf xJ jyefvmNyD; rcifat; "g;aoG;aew,f udak zaomif;udk ckwrf vkUd wJU[k &,farmrysuf owif;ay;onf/ naeykid ;f rcifat;rSm 0Jaq;wAl;ESihf a&mufcsvmNyD; &Siu hf dk ckwcf siaf ewm trSKjzpfrmS pk;d vkdU[k Budrf;armif;&if;ndK vufxJ 0Jaq;Al;udk ay;onf/ azaomif;u aq;pkHaeNyD raysmufbl; bmrS aMumifMh uraeuseUJ ukwaf vyGm;av[k nnf;wGm;onf/ vufrmS vnf; yGaewmyJ b,fvx kd rif;pm;vJ[k ndK *&kPmoufpmG ajym&if; aq;vdr;f ay; aeonf / udjk rifUaZmfwUkd u &efuek u f tzGYJawGeUJ odyq f ufcsiaf ewm b,fvakd wGUay;&ifaumif;rvJ[k rcifat; wD;wd;k ar;\ / tarMum;oGm;vdUk vefUaeOD;r,f wd;k wd;k [k ndKu avoHjzifY owday;onf / olwUkd acgif;oH;k vH;k qdik f wGwx f ;kd aepOf MunfUvkyaf emf MunfUvkyf arsmufo;kH aumifjzpfvmNyD igawmU abmif;bD0wfxm;&awmUr,f[k a':wifwif jyLMunfU&if; &ifarmoHjzifU a0zef\ / _________________________________________________________ rcifat; ud, k w f ikd v f nf; roGm;&J tazmfvnf;rvdu k 0f hH / azaomif;a&;ay;vdu k af ompmESiUf rcifat;\ axmufccH suu f kd ndK ,lí &Syt f uFsaD umuf0wfum tdwx f t J uste xnfUonf / ]r,frif;BuD;r&,f .. igyg yHpk H iydpm;&awmhr,fxifw,f[k rcifat; rsupf yd surf suEf mS ysuf a&&Gwaf eí azaomif; rpcsiaf wmYbJ rylygeJUAsm .. ndK'Davmufawmh tjzpf&ydS gw,f[o k m tm;ay;&\/ reufu tarUudk aps;rS 0,fcikd ;f aom ydwpf udk udik u f m ndK pufb;D ay:wufí [efrysuf xGuo f mG ;cJUJ onfrmS bmrSrxl;jcm;onfU[ef / rde;f rtuFscD sKyq f ikd x f J ndK 0ifítxufqifwyfcsiv f Ukd [k ajymum udjk rifUaZmf\nDr rolZmeHab; 0ifxikd o f nf/ vlvpfonfEiS Uf tpfr tudk udk ay;ay;yg odw,fr[kwv f m;[k wD;wd;k ajym&if; pmacgufukd vufxJ xd;k xnfU\ / rolZmrSm 0ef;usiu f kd vSpcf eJMunfU&if; ? oabmaygufw,f ? odyrf &JeUJ OD;[kom wkeUf jyefNyD; tyfcsKypf ufay: ndKUydwpf udk jzefUwifvu kd \ f / ________________________________________________________ waeUvHk; wnvHk; ndKUtdrfrSmatmif;í jzpforQZmwfaMumif;pHkudk cif;&onfrSm azaomif;twGuf 0Juw k &f onfUt&omyif ? rjrif&aom vSKyf&mS ;rSKrsm;aemuf aumufaumufygaeonf/ ndKonf Murf;ay: acgif;tH;k csí tm;yg;w& avsmif;um Zdrt f usq;kH nyJ[k auseyfpmG awG;aerd\ / ZmwfaMumif;jyefNyD;í OD;cifa&TEiS Uf azaomif; a&SUa&;wdik yf ifaecsed üf ndKrSm eHab;wGiyf if acGacGuav; tdyaf ysmfaeNyDjzpfonf / ________________________________________________________ reufr;kd rvif;cif rd;k onf;onf;Mum;rSm ndKxí azaomif;udk ESKd ;&onf / udjk rifUaZmfwUkd ESiUf csed ;f qd&k m awm&ausmif;oGm;&mvrf;qHo k Ukd azaomif; xGuo f mG ;rS oufjyif;csum tdy&f modr;f &\ / 'efUovGe&f u G [ f if;cg; aomufcsiv f Ukd [k atmfum aeUvnfbufwiG f rcifat; a&mufvmonf / ndKESiUf twl 'efUovGe&f u G cf ;l Mu&if; 0Jxal zaomif;tm; udjk rifUaZmfwUkd u v,form;wa,muf\ v,fapmifUwJwiG yf if ae&mcsay;vdu k Nf yDjzpfaMumif; rcifat; owif;ay;\ /

0Jaq;vdr;f ay;&onfUwm0efukd rpGeUf csib f J ndK pGeUf vdu k &f awmUonf / ]ol xrif;pm;zdUk aum } ndK\ ylyefcsuu f kd rcifat; pdwrf &Snf / [m.. [du k vkyaf y;&rSmaygU eiftomaeprf;yg/ igwkUd rolZmeJUyJ qufo, G Mf u&r,f tJ'gyJ enf;enf;yd&w d ,f [kjyefajym\/ &ufyidk ;f wGi;f rSmyif ndK wkUd awmNrdKUuav; vSKyv f KS y&f &G jG zpfvmonf/ aps;BuD;teD; ukuKdú yifwiG f uyfxm;aom vSKUH aqmfypkd wm wcsyaf Mumifyh ifjzpf\/ tke;f ode;f \zcifrmS igUcGix f aJ wmU vmrvkyef UJ rsKd ;uef;ukerf ,f[k Budr;f 0g;&if;vlppk ak wGUwkid ;f rouFmrsuv f ;Hk rsm; jzifh jcdr;f ajcmufaeonf/ rMumrDyif olwUdk aumifp&D ;Hk a&SU ydpk wmwcsyf tcefUom;a&mufvm\/ vlawG0idk ;f tkMH unfUaepOfyif tke;f ode;f zcifrmS uwk;H ay:'ufaygufonfU rsuEf mS jzihf atmf [pfarmif;xkwNf yD; jzKw, f o l mG ;\/ rcifat;yg;pyfyw d í f wcGcd &dG ,fonf/ tke;f ode;f rausrcsr;f MunfUae í tdrx f 0J ifNyD; ykae&\/ ______________________________________________ ndK...odNyD;a&maygU &Spf&ufaeUpr,f ..udk,fUzufrSm tm;vkH;eD;yg;tqifajyygw,f/ t a&;BuD;wmu tpDtpOf tao;pdwcf szUkd ud, k w f Udk tzGUJ awG qkMH ur,f/ pnf;a0;zkUd tcsed ef UJ ae&mudk udjk rifah Zmf wdUk a&G;aew,f / ndKeUJ rcifat;u rolZmwkUd eJU awGUNyD; qufvyk &f rSmawG &Sw d ,f/ tJ'u D s&if odvrd Uf r,f/ usr;f rm csr;f omygap ]0Jxal zaomif;} ndK pmukzd wfNyD;NyD;csi;f 0g;pm;vku d o f nf/ 0g;zwfcarmufu, kd pf D &Smxm;MuNyD; a,muFsm;wkUd u ucsiv f jHk cnf ud, k pf ED iS hf vnfuwk;H tjzL&Syt f uFsv D n;f toifh /&Sp&f ufaeUtwGuf tao;pdww f idk yf if&efom vkad wmUonf ndKU &ifcek af eaomf vnf; wuf<ujcif; tjynfU/ _________________________________________ tcef;wHcg;ydwx f m;ygvQuf rcifat;rSm wkw H cHk scd sd /ndK,v l maom ydwpf eDudk rolZmujzefU cif;í ajrjzLjzifh tMurf;jcpfaeonf/ a&T0ga&mif ydwpf jzifh nSyx f m;aom cGyaf 'gif;&kyu f kd cif;íuyfMunfU csed f rcifat;xí a&wcGucf yfum wcGycf yG af omufae&\/ ndK ESihf rolZmESpaf ,mufom wnfwnfjidrNf idryf if vufcsKycf sKyaf evku d o f nf/ ndKwUdk tdraf emufzuf v,fuiG ;f udo k m pka0;&efq;Hk jzwfMuonf/ rk;d nonf tarSmifxx k J a&oHr;dk oH wpdrUf pdrUf jzifh at;jrvQu/f ndKU&ifxaJ wmU qlyu G af eonf/ n\ rd;k tarSmif&yd rf mS yif pufb;D wpD; jzwfomG ;wkid ;f 'g udck ifarmifvwf 'g udjk rifah ZmfyJ [k ndK twwfoad eonf/ jcHpnf;&k;d em;uyfí jcHwiG ;f rS acsmif;ajrmif;MunfUae&onfU t&omrSm wouf ESiw hf uk, d f rBuHKpzl; &ifcek x f ;l ygbd/ rcifat;rSm aMumuf';l wke&f if; igtdraf &SUrSm vlv;Hk oGm;jyxm;OD;r,f awmfMum tke;f ode;f wkUd om;tz vmMunfUcsiMf unfUaerSm [kqu dk m blwma&SUzufjyefxu G jf yef\/ blwm0if;wGi;f vufq f rJG eS t f rd w f vk;H eSihf xkid v f Quf idu k jf rnf;aeaom tbarmiftm; tke;f ode;f zcifu tapmBuD;&Sad o;w,f idu k af eNyD vm;[kar;NyD; vufEydS "f gwfr;D jzifh [k[ d o dk nfonfx;dk MunfUaeonf/

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