စိတၱဇပန္းခ်ီ by derric maw

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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rS pDpOfwifqufonf 10/3/2011

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pma&;ol\trSm (1) uaeY yef;csDr Sm ta&;BuD;wJh jyóemwpf&yf &Sdygw,f/ jyóemuawmh wm0ef&S dolyef ;csDa&SUaqmifvl BuD;yk dif;u acwfopf yef;csDukd (avhvm rI r&Sdb J? pl;prf; rIr&S dbJ? *CeProd bJ) jiif;y,f½Iwf csNyD ; ydwfyif wm;qD; aewJh jyóemygyJ/ taMumif;t&m wpfckud k txifavmufe JY &rf; NyD; aqmif& GufwJhtcg txl;ojzifh wkd if;jynfeJY csD NyD; rpOf ;pm;wwf&if vlrsKd;wpf rsKd;vHk;udk xdcd kufEkd i f ygw,f/ uaeY acwfopf yef; csD (modernism) [m 20 &mpk&J U 0dZÆ mynm&yfrsm;? odyÜHynm&yfrsm;eJY twl wpf&Sdef xkd; wkd;wufv mw,f/ 'gudk avhvmrIr&Sd wJhvlawG? wkd;wufrIu kd em;rvnfw Jh vlawGuawmh rjrifvk duf? rodvdku fbl;/ 'gayr,fh wdkYawG rodygvm;vk dY rawG;bl;/ 'gawG[m t"dyÜm,fr&S d? t½l;acs;yef; o½kyfysufawGygvdk Y ½Iwfcsvdkuf Muw,f/ olwkdU[m yef ;csDa&Suaqmif awG jzpfwJ htwGuf olwkdU&JUtawG;tac: a[mif;EG rf;rI ? olwkd U&JU acwfaemufusrI[ m yef;csDavmuwpfckvH k;ukd ul; puf oGm;w,f/ wkdif; jynfeJ U vlrsKd; ukdyg ul;pufoG m;w,f/ avhvmrI r&S db J rwkd;wufwJ h acwfaemufjyefqGJorm;awG[ m wkdif; jynf& JU tEÅ&m,fawGygyJ/ acwf[m ajymif;vJ aew,f/ ordkif ;[m wdk;wufaew,f/ vlom;wkdif; eJY wuG pepfawG[m acwfeJYtwl? orkdi f;eJYtwl ajymif;vJ wkd;wuf& r,f/ 'grS orkdif;eJY acwf eJY tH0ifcGifu s jzpfr,f/ Ekd ifiHwumeJY &ifaygif wef;Ekd ifr,f/ olwdkYawGuawmh &mpkES pf0ufausmf a[mif;EGrf;aewJh (S emi-Realism) o½kyfrSefq ef yef;csD enf;udk taozufwG,fx m;w,f/ ygVdxJu ]ydkufqH avQmf} xrf;orm;vkd acwfu ,laqmifvmorQ? ork dif;u ,l aqmifv morQ topftopf aom pepfawGuk d acwfa[mif; pepfa[mif; rSm a[mif ;EGrf ;usefc JholawG yJ/ Typing

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'gayr,fh olwkd Yu a&S Uwef;a&mufaewJhtcg ,kwådaA'enf;twkd if; pepfa[mif;awGuvnf; topfjzpf&jyefa&m/ pepfa[mif;awGy J us,fjyefY xGef;um;aejyefa&m/ wdk;wufwJh ? acwfrDwJh ? opfvGifwJh acwfo pfyef; csD uawmh tjiif;y,f cH&w,f/ t½IwfcscH&w,f/ tykwfcwf cH&w,f/ 'g[m vlrsKd;wpfrsKd; udk acwfrrDr I? tjrifrus,fr IeJY rwdk;wufr I/ aemufqHk ; vlrsKd ;&JU tnGe fUwH k;rIawG u kd jzpfapr,fh tEÅ&m,f ygyJ/ uRefawmfw dkY tm;vHk;[m vlrsKd; eJY wkdif ;jynf &JU wdk; wufrI ? acwfrDr I? EkdifiHw umeJY &ifaygifwef;Ekd ifrI twGuf acwfa jymif;awmfvSefa &;ukd qif E TJ aeMuw,f/ 'DtcgrSm acwfa[mif;u pepfa[mif ;awGudk &J &J0Hh 0Hh pGef YypfE kdifr S? acwfrDwJh pepfawGud k wyfqifay;Ekdif rS uRefawmfwkdY[ m wdk;wufoih f oavmuf wkd;wufvm Ek difw,f/ ½dk;&mpG JzufwG, frIeJ Y rJjymykqdk ; oHBudK ;BuD ; awG[m EkdifiHw dk;wuf rIudk csKyfukdi faESm ifwnf;xm;aew,f/ 'DoHBud K;awGud k uRefawmf wkdY& J&J0H h0Hh jzwfawmuf ypf&r,f/ 'DvdkrS r[kw fb J ta[mif;tjrif ; pepfawG ukd taozufwG,f xm;&ifawmh 'g[m acwfaemufusrI e JY a[mif;EG rf;rIa wGudk jzpfay:aprSmyJ/ wdkif;jynf wdk;wufr Iqdkwmu vufiif; ypöu©umvud k MunfhNyD; a0zef&wmrsKd;/ uaeY uRefawmfwk dY wkdif;jynf&J U tqifhtwef;ukd EIdif;,S O f ajymqdk &wmrsKd;/ 'Dvkdr[k wfbJ yk*Ha cwfwke f;u wdkYvuf &mawG[ m odyfaumif; w,fuGm qkdNyD; ]&Sif jyKwk ef;u a&TxD;aqmif;cJ h&wm} ukd wNrHKUNrHK UeJ U auseyfaeNyD; ypöu©umv&JU wkd;wufrIukd arhavsmha evdkY r&ygbl ;/ wkdif;jynfwpf jynf &JU wdk;wufrI? vlrsKd;a&; pdwf "mwf jrifh rm;rIeJY ,Ofaus;rI [m ½dk;&mxdef;odrf;rIeJYwif rNyD ;bl;/ acwfrD wJh topftopfaom pepfawG u kd zefwD;zd kY? zefw D;Ekd ifpGr f; &Sdzd kYvnf; vdkw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf ta[mif;eJYtopfudk cGJcG Jjcm;jcm; toHk;jyK&rSmyJ jzpfw,f/ ta[mif;qdkvnf; 'gyJ? topfq dkvnf; 'gyJ qdk&ifawmh 'g[m wdk;wuf rIrJh w Jh Typing

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oabmyJ/wpfcgvmvnf; bk& m;? rif;om; rif;orD;? aumifr av;u apmif;aumufwD;/ wpf cgvmvnf;bk &m;? rif;om; rif; orD;? aumifr av;u apmif;aumufwD; ? wpfcgvmvnf; 'gyJ ? wpfcgvmvnf; 'gyJ/ wpfcgvmvnf; 'gyJ/ [dkwkef;uvnf; 'gyJ/ 'gawGukd odzdkUvnf; aumif;w,f/ &Sufzd kUvnf ; aumif;w,f/ EkdifiHw umudk vSrf; Munfhv kduf/ olwdkYqDrS mu acwf&JUo½kyf? acwf&JUpepf/ jrefr mjynf rSmawmh ta[mif;tjrif;awGeJY ukdv dkeDa cwfu( Semi -Realism) o½kyfrSe f qef yef;csD enf; tm;ay;rI tydki f;rSm vnf; olwdk UqDrS m orm;½k;d ;us yef; csDausmif;eJ U acwfopfy ef;csDa usmif ; (Acedemy of Art & Museum of Modern Art) &,fvdkY ES pfykd if; cGJxm;w,f/ jywdkufqd k&ifvnf; orm;½dk;us yef;csD jywkdu feJU acwfopfy ef;csDjywd ku f (Museum of Fine Art & Museum of Modern Art ) &,fvdkY ESpfyk dif; &Sd w,f/ olwkdYqDr Smu 'Dvdk ta[mif;eJY topfudk uefYowfxm;w,f/ cJGc GJjcm;jcm; oHk;w,f/ uRefawmfw dkYqDr Sm acwfo pfyef ;csD jywdku f r&Sdb l;/ acwfopf yef;csDausmif; r&Sdbl;/ 'gaMumifh jrefrmjynfrS m acwfrDrI ? wdk;wufrIuk d tm;ray;bl;/ ta[mif;udk odyfBud Kufw,f/ 'Dvdk jzpfvmw,f/ jyyGJawGrSmvnf; acwfopfyef;csDu kd o½kyfysufvdkY (taotcsm rodbJ) pGyfpGJ NyD; vuffr cHbl;/ 'Ddvdkwdk ;wufrIu kd jiif;qefae&if? ½Iwfcsae&if b,fawmh r S wdk;wufrS m r[kwfbl;/ tNrJ ta[mif; wykdufyk dufeJY aerSm yJ/ trSefu uaeY jrefr mjynfrSm wu,fwdk;wufwJh (qHk;jzwfa0zef EkdifpG rf;&S dwJh) yef;csDorm;awG &Sd ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh olwkdU[m tm;ay;rcH&vdkY oH½Hk;rSm pD;yGm;&S m&wJhtjzpf a&mufaew,f/ olwdkY [m jrefrmjynftwGuf acwf r D tEkynmudk wyfqifay;Ed kifolawGyJ? olwk dYukd toHk;csr,fqdk &ifvnf; wpf zuf wpfvrf;u wkd;wufr I jzpfvmrSmyJ/ ck jzpfa ewJh jyóemu pmrwwf olwpfa,muf udk t*Fvdy f0w¬K pmtkyf 0,fckdi f;wmrsKd; jzpfaew,f/ acwfrDr I? wdk;wufrIu dk ruRrf;usif ravhvmwJh avSeH" m;xpfo rm;BuD;awGu acwf r D Typing

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yef;csDu kd qHk; jzwfv mwJhtcg trSm;t,Gif; awG jzpfvma&m/ wkdif; jynf&J U wkd;wufrI rSmvnf ; aESmihfa ES;oGm ;w,f/ ta[mif;eJY topfukd olYae&meJ Uol oHk;&rS myJ jzpfygw,f/ txl;ojzifh tEkynm ( Art) &JU oabmukd awG ;ac:Ekdif zdkY vdktyf aeygw,f/ tEkynm[m taysmft&Tif pdw fat;csrf; rIukd ay;½Hkwifavmuf rubl;/ tEkynmwpf& yf[m acwf&J Upepfu dk ,laqmifvmw,f/ vlrIa&; pdwf" mwf jynfhp HkrIud k em;vnfEk difpG rf;eJ Y wpfqifh xyfr Hwdk;wufa&;uk dyg zefwD;w,f/ tEkynmwpf& yf[m vlr sKd;&JU wkd; wufrI ? wkdif; jynf &JU wkd ;wuf rIr Sm ta&;ygwJhtcsuf wpf& yfvnf; jzpfw ,f/ tEkynm[m 0dZÆmynmeJU odyÜHe nf; usrIudk qufpyfay;wJ h pepfvnf ; jzpfw,f/ 'gawGudk avhvmrI? &if; ESD;rIawGeJY qHk; jzwfE kdifygap/ tEkynm tawG;tac: (Philosophy of Art) wkd;wufrI? tEkynmpepf (System of Art) ajymif ;vJrIawGukd *CeP oduRrf; rS qHk; jzwf ygap/ txifeJY&rf;NyD; qHk ;jzwf w Jh tcgrSm vlrsKd;? wkdif; jynfeJ Y tEkynm&JU wdk;wuf rIrS m tEÅ&m,f jzpfvmw,f/ uRefawmf ajymwmawG[m ydómav;eJ Y ab;ypfovd k jzpf rSmvnf ; pdk;w,f/ 'gaMumifh vl BuD;awG twåudk cGm NyD; pOf ;pm;Munfh Muyg/

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(2) Aemufjyóem wpf&yf uawmh yef;csD&JU wkd;wufr I t&if;tjrpfyJ/ b,fpepf ? b,foabmw&m;jzpf jzpf jynf oleJY uif;uG mwJhtcgrSm wkd;wuf r I aESmifha ES;w,f/ wkd;wuf rI[mvnf ; rrSefuef bl;qdkw m tEkynmorm; wkdif; odxm;zdk Y vdkygw,f/ yef;csDavmu&J U wkd;wufr I[m jynf olawGeJ Y tnrn jzpfNyD; wdk;wuf&rSmyJ jzpf w,f/ r[kwf&if jynfolawGu yef;csD& JU wkd;wufr Iudk rodb J rsufjcnf jywfoG m;NyD; 0g;vHk;acgif ;xJ vomaewmrsKd; jzpfoG m;r,f/ jynfol UtwGuf yef;csDq dkwmuawmh tvkyform;? v,form;yHk awG qGJ½Hke JY r&ygbl;/ 'DvdkyH kawG[m b,fvdkrS jynfol awGukd tusKd ;rjyKbl;/ yef; csDq&mawG v,fxJqif; NyD; v,fol ryHkawGudk qGJ&ifvnf; 'g[m jynf oleJY ESD ;ET,fwJ h tEkynm jzpfrvmygbl;/ jynfol Uyef ;csDqd kwJh tawG; tac:[m 'Dxufyk dNyD ; av;av;euf euf pOf;pm;zkdYvd kygw,f/ jynfol Uyef; csD[m jynfolawGe JUyef;csD &JU ul;vl;qufqHrI ygyJ/ jynfo l awGu yef;csDukd odvmr,f/ 'D vdk od& Sdtm;ay;rIay:rSm rSDwnf NyD; yef;csDu wdk;wufr,f/ wk d;wufr Iu jynfolawGud k acwf &JUpepfeJ Y tawG; tac:awG ay;vdkufr,f/ 'gudk jynfo lawG&J U em;vnfrI? rsufjcnfrjywfrIe JY odr,f/ wpfz ef yef;csDu xyfrHw dk;wufv mr,f/ 'Dvd kjynf olawGeJ Y ESD; ET,frI [m yef ;csD&J U wdk;wufrIu kd jzpf apr,f/ uaeUyef ;csD[m &efuk efrSm yJ &Sdw ,f/ e,frSm yef;csDum; vH k;0 r&Sdbl;/ 'g[m yef;csD&J U atmufajcvG wfrIy J/ 'gaMumifh yef;csDukd jynfo lawG rodbl;/ tav;teuf rxm;bl;/ wefzdk; rxm;bl;/ 'gaMumifh r0,fbl;/ 'g[m yef;csDo rm;&J U jyóemyJ/ oH½Hk;eJY tvkyf jzpfwmawmh rSe fygw,f/ 'gayr,fh a&&SnfrS m NyD; awmh ppf rSefwJ h wdk;wuf rItwGuf tEkynm cspfwwfw Jh jynf olawG&J U ESpfNcdKuf0,f,lrI[ m ZdrfcHtvS jy0,f, lrIxuf yk drdkwefzdk; &Sdwmukd odzdkY vdk ygw,f/ Typing

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'Dtykdif;eJU ywfoufv dkU yef;csDjyyGJ vGwfvyf rIvnf; vdkygw,f/ yef;csDo rm;awG uvnf; e,fud kqif; NyD; jyzd kY vdkygw,f/ uaeY yef;csDorm;awG oH½Hk;avmif;&dyfuxGu fNyD ; jynfolawG&JU rsuf ESmud k Munfhzd kY tcsdefyJ/ jrefr mjynfo l awG[m tEkynmeJ Y (txl;ojzifh yef;csDeJY ) uif;uGmaecJhw m MumygNyD/

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cif0 rf; 'DZifbm 1970

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cif0 rf; - pdwĂĽZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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oabmeJTwG ifru umvqdkwJ htcsdefoabmvnf;&Sdw,f/ pmtky fwpftkyf ae&mrSm pmtkyfwpftky fudk xm;vdkY &wm tcsdefoabmaMumifhyJ jzpfw ,f/ pmtkyfwpftkyf&J U ae&mrSm aemufwpftkyf xm;r,fqdk& if yxrpmtkyfu dk a&TU&OD;r,f/ NyD;rS xm;vdkY &r,f/ 'Dvdka &TUzdkYeJY xm;zd kYtwGuf tcsd ef (umv) r&S dvdkY r&bl;/ 'gav;udk ayghaygh awG;&ifawmh &,fp&myJ/ uRefawmf wdkY&JU obm0rS m tcsdefqdkwm[m t&m&mudk nDnGwfatmif zefwD;ay;aew,f qdkwm bmrS r[kw fovdkyJ/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfw kdU&JU obm0twGi f;rSm tcsde f&JU wpf orwfwnf ; a&GUvsm;rIomr&Sd& if uRefawmfw kdU&JU &yfwnfrI[m vHk ;0 jzpf Ekdif rSm r[kwfb l;/ 'g[m &Sif;jyzkdY awmfawmfc ufw,f/ umveJY tmumo&JU oabm[m pdwåZemrfawG jzpfaeavawmh ukd,fwdk ifrpOf;pm;&if em;vnf zdkY rvG,f bl;/ tJ'Dawmh uRefawmfwkdYawG[m umveJ Y tmumoqdkwJh qufp yf nDnGwfrIawG xJrSm touf &Sif aexkdif Muw,f/ 'Doabmw&m;uvnf; uRefawmf wdkYukd ½dkufcwfa ew,f/ uRefawmfw dkY&J U tm½Hkukd pdwåZemrfawG jzpfay:apw,f/ nDnGwfrI ? jynfhpH krI? tpDtpOfusrI? wpfvSn fhpD jzpfay:rI? wjznf;jznf; jzpfa y:rI? tav;csdefukd ufrI pwJh pdwåZemrfawGudk jzpfay:apw,f/ obm0&J U ukd,fykd i f jzpf&yfawGrS m 'DpdwåZ emrfawG tjynfht0&S dw,f/ vlawG[m 'Dp dwåZemrfawGeJ U obm0rSm&S dwJh tjzpftysufawG ypönf;awGu kd jyefNyD; qHk; jzwfjyefw,f/ obm0w&m;&J U a&G;cs,f rIeJY Choice tvdktavsmuf jzpfay:rI Chance awGudk vlawG[m tNrJr jywf BuH KawGUae&w,f/ puúefYrvyf BuHKawGY ae&w,f/ tJ'D a&G;cs,frIeJ Ytvdktavsmuf jzpf ay:rI ChanceawG u dk vlawG[m ukd, fykdi fpdwåZemrf ('guvnf ; obm0w&m;&J U xif[yfcsuftjzpf uRefawmfw ifjycJhjcif; jzpfw,f) awGeJY qHk ;jzwf Muw,f/ a&G;cs,fr I Choice qdkwmu vlawG&J U vkyfudki fzefwD ;rIawG yJ/ 'g[m jyKvky fol&J U OD;aESmuf eJYom oufqkdif w,f/ tvdktavsmuf jzpfa y:rI Chance uawmh obm0tavsmuf jyKvkyo f l&JU OD;aES mufeJY roufqkd ifbJ jzpfay: Typing

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vmwmawG jzpfw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzih f vlwpfa,muf&J U ukd,fcE¨ m tcsKd;tpm;eJY rsufESm½kyfw kdY[m tvdktavsmuf jzpfay:rI jzpfNyD ; qif,if xHk;zG JYrIuawmh a&G;cs,fr I ChoiceyJ jzpfw,f/ 'Do abmES pfckvk H;udk vl awG[m obm0&J U wHkUjyef r I pdwåZemrfawGeJY qH k;jzwfMuw,f/ 'DvdkqHk; jzwf Mu&mrSm vlom;awG &JU tm½HkcHt*FgawGjzpfwJh em;? rsufp d? ESmacgif;eJY vQmwd kYuwpfq ifh twGif;rodpdwf (pdwåZ) u aeNyD; puúefYrvyf qHk;jzwfaew,f/ 'gukd pdwåaA'orm;awGawmh em;vnfEkd if rSmygyJ/ uRefawmfw kdY jrefrmvlrsKd ;awG[m jref rmh,Of aus;rI &JU ½dkufcwfjcif; cH&w,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfw dkY&J U twGif;rodpdwf rSm jrefr mh,Ofa us;rI pdwåZ jzpfay:aew,f/ 'Djref rmh,Of aus;rI pdw åZeJY uRef awmfwk dYu qHk;jzwfw,f/ uRefawmfw kdU ,Ofaus;rIeJYrwlwJh Oa&my,Ofaus;rI qdk&if uRefawmfwdkY rBud Kuf Mubl;/ 'DoabmyJ/ cyf&Si f;&Si f;ajym&&if Ak'¨bmom&JU ,Ofaus;rI obm0 ½dkufcwfrIudk cHae&wJ h Ak'¨b mom0ifawG[m Ak'¨bmom&J U rleJY yJ Munf hwwfw,f/ 'DtcgrSm Ak'¨bk& m;udk 0wf rjyK&if rBud Kufbl;/ c&pf, mefvnf ; 'DvdkyJ/ rGwfpvifv nf; 'Dvdk yJ/ 'g[m vlawG&JU pdwåZ[m ywf0 ef;usifobm0&JU ½dkufcwfrIe JY xyfw l t&m&mudk jyef NyD; qHk ;jzwfwwfw,fq dkwJh taMumif; Oyrmav;awGyJ/ obm0&J U ½dkufcwfrIuawmh 'Dxuf ykdNyD; tEkpd wfusw,f/ arG ;uwnf;u aoqHk;MuwJhtxd puúefYrvyf ½dkufcwfEkd ifwm obm0yJ &Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh vlawG[m obm0&JU t&nftcsif;awGjzpfwJ h nDnGwfrI ? jynf hpHkr I? tpDtpOfuserI ? wpfvSn fhpD jzpfa y:rI? wjznf; jznf; jzpfa y:rI? tav;csd e f ukdufnDrI pwJh pdw åZemrf awGeJY qH k;jzwfMuw,f/ tJ'Doabm w&m;awG &Sd& if ESpfoufw,f/ r&Sd&if rESp foufMubl;/ cyfyk yk trsKd ;orD;eJY cyf &Snf&S nf trsKd;om; wpfa,muf wGJ oGm;&if rvdku fbl;vdk Ya0zefMur,f/ ESpfouf MurSm r[kwfbl;/ nDnGwfrIe JY tav;csdefu kdufrI r&Sdvdk U pdwåZu vufcH rSm r[kwf bl;/ Typing

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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t&dyfta,mifawG ukdwky NyD; ykdrd kjynfhpHkw Jh pepfwpfc kudk zefwD;wmyJ jzpfw,f/ obm0rSm toH&Sdw,f/ tJ'gudk wkyNyD; ydkrdk jynf hpHkw Jh? nDnGwfwJh aw;*Dw udk zJGUw,f/ obm0rSm ouf&Sda wG&J U ukd,fv uft*Fg vIyf& Sm;rI &Sdw,f/ 'gawGu kd tEkynmu xyfw lul;rcsbl;/ tJ'D t&dy fta,mifud k ydkr dk nDnGw f jynfhpHk atmif zefwD;NyD; uBud K;uuGuft jzpf zef wD;Muw,f/ tEkynmqdkwm obm0xJr Smvlom;awGu jrifMum;ae&wJh obm0&J U pepfawGud k ydkrdkn DnGwf jynfhp Hkatmif zefwD;wJh pepf jzpfvd kU awGYxd jrifMum;rIr Sm vlom;awGE Spfouf cHpm;Muwmjzpfw,f/

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cif0 rf; - pdwĂĽZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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Picasso - Self Portrait (1901)

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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Typing

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cif0 rf; - pdwĂĽZyef;csD

Typing

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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tnmt&yf pavNrdK Uu yavGrIwfw Jh vlwpfa ,muf Typing

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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vdkY ajymwJhtcg 'Dpum;awG [m pum;ajymovdk omref pum;awG y J jzpfr,f/ pkpnf;rIr &dSbJ tEkynm rqefwJh pum;pkyJ jzpfaerS myJ/ 'Dvdk ajymwJh tcgrSmvnf; vlawG&J U pdwf0 ifpm;rI? ESp foufrIu dk csKyfu kdifE kdifr Sm r[kwfbl ;/ 'gudk nDnGwfatmif ajyjypfatmif ... pav tnmu yavGq &m vkdY uRefawmfwdkYu ajymvdkufw,f/ 'DtcgrSm pmaMumif;ES pfaMumif; &J U toHxGuf xyf wlrI (Sameness)[m pmaMumif;awG u kd nDnGwfapw,f/ 'DnDn GwfrI[ m vlawG&J U pdwåZrSm csKyf ukdif Ekdif pGrf; &S dvmNyD; vlawGukd ESpf ouf apw,f/ 'g[m tEkynm&J U oabmyJ/ tEkynmwpf& yf[m abmiftwGif; rSm&S dwJh pepfawGuk d nDnD nGwfn Gw f &Sdaezdk Y aqmif& Gufcsufw pfckvnf; jzpf w,f/ txl;ojzihf uAsm&JU nDnGw frI (Rhyme) oabmukd avhvm Munfh& if uaeY uRefawmfw dkY jrefrmjynfrS m uAsm&J JU nDnGw frI[m um&ef nDw,fqd kwm awGU&w,f/ um&ef[m uAsmwpfyk'f udk csKyfukdifx m;wmyJ/ uAsm wpfyk'f u kd pyfqdkwJ htcgrSm omrefpum;vdk y&rf;ywm jzpfvdk Yr&bl ;/ rnDrnmeJY jzpfuwwf qef; vk yfvkYdvnf; r&bl ;/ 'Dvdk a&;r,fqdk& ifvnf; uAsm[m tEk ynm oabmukd aqmifrS mr[kwfb l;/ tEkynmwpf&yf& JU pepfwkd if;[m a&SUaemuf 0J,m nDnGwfrI (Rhyme)&Sd&r,f/ 'Dvdk nDnGw frI rsm;udk uRefawmfwdkY bkd;bGm;rsm;u bmeJY zefwD ;cJh MuovJ/ uAsmrSm &SdwJh pmaMumif;wpfaMumif;[m wjcm; pmaMumif;awGeJY nDn Gw f ae&r,f/ uAsmwpfyk' f&JU pkpnf; rItwGif;rSmpmaMumif;awG[ m nDnGwf ae&r,f/ 'Dvdk nDnGwfr Iukd b,fvd k zefwD;EkdifovJ/ uRefawmfw dkY&J U bkd;bGm;rsm;[m toHxGu fcsif ; xyfrI [m &Gwf qdkrI rSm vHk ;0 ajyjypfw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'g[m pmaMumif ;wdkif ;&JU nDnGwf rIudk vH;k 0 xd ef;od rf; xm;Ekdi fwm awGU&w,f/ Typing

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cif0 rf; - pdwÃ¥Zyef;csD

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Typing

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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Typing

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(Decoration)

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yDu mqdk - jrif;wpfaumif Picasso - Head of a Horse (1937)

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jrif&rSm r[kwfbl;/ 'Dvdk tjrif 2 rsKd; aygif;pyfNyD; qGJwJ htwGuf bmrSrxl; jcm;wJh jrifuG if;[m pGr f;tm;&S dvmwm awGY &w,f/ 'g[mvnf; av;zuf jrif oabmyJ/ 'Dvdk jrifu Gif;trsKd;rsKd;udk aygif;pyfzdk Y yef;csDo rm;[m qdkwm&,f ? rsufjrifrsOf;qdkw m&,fuk d rkcs arhxm;&ygw,f/

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yDu mqdk- *Gm&meDum Picasso - Guernica (1937)

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'geJY ywfoufNyD; jrefrmjynfrS m tpGef;ESpf zuf awGY&ygw,f/ yef;csD&J U wdk;wufrI t&SdefaES;vdkY ? yef;csD ysHUESHYrI e,fusOf;vdkY pwJh xdawGYrI enf;yg;wJ htwGu f yef;csD &JU oabmud k rSefrS efuefuef odem;vnf Ekdif pGrf; vltrsm;pkrS m r&dSygbl;/ yef;csDo rm;wcsKdU&JU vdr fnm [efaqmifr Iuvnf; rD ;avmifa vyifho vdk jzpfapw,f/ wcsKdU yef; csDorm;awG[m [efaqmifcJ hw,f/ vlawG&J U txifBuD;rI u dk cHcsifwJ h vlawGvnf; &Sdw,f/ wcsKd Uuawmh &Snf&Sn fa0;a0; rajymcsifv dkY acgif;ndwfvd kufolawG jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh vltrsm;pk& JU wpfp dwfwpf a'ou pdwåZyef; csDukd arSmftwwfe JY zefwD; xm;wJh eufeJcufcJaom vQKdU0Su f tbd"r®mynm&JU tzGihfu m;csyf awGavmufeD;eD; txifBuD;cJ hMuw,f/ pdwåZ yef;csDawGudk bk &m;pifay: wifc JhMuw,f/ 'gukd vnf; yef;csDorm;awGu Nidrfa ecJhw,f/ wpfzufuvnf ; t½l;awG t½l;xqGJwmvdkY xifwJ hvlawGuvnf; xifw,f/ rqGJwwfbJ qGJx m;vdkY yH kyef; ysufaewmvdkY xifwJ h vlawGu xifw,f/ pdwåZyef; csDorm;awG[m aMumifaewJh aumifawG yJqdk NyD; txifukd rBuD;bl;/ pdwåZyef; csDum;csyfawG[mvnf; tvum;yJq dkNyD; vSnfhudk rMunf hbl;/ olwdkU twGuf pdwåZyef;csD&J U ae&m[m acG ;uwufrS myJ/ wu,fawmh pdwåZyef ;csDud k bk&m;pifwifzdkYv nf; rvdk? acG;uwufr Sm cszdkYvnf ; rvdkygbl;/ yef ;csDum;csyf[ m rSefu efwJha e&mrS m &Sdae&rSm yJ/ rSefuef w Jh ae&mrSm (tEk ynmwpf &yftjzpf) yef; cDsum;[m ydkNyD; oefYpifw,f? ½dk;om;w,f? wefzdk;&Sdw,fqd kwm vlwdk if;oabmaygufoihfw ,f/ 'Dawmh yxrqHk; pNyD; 0efcHz dkYu jrefr mjynf rSm oabmayguf em;vnfaeMuwJh pdwåZyef ;csD& JU atmufv rf; arS mfqefw Jh wifp m;rIq dkwm vH k;0 r&Sdbl;/ 'Dvdk ajymwmvnf; vHk;0t"d yÜm,f r&Sdbl;/ 'gawG[m &,fp&mawGy J/

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t,fvufZ if;'g;'dkife ufcg; - yDx½dk*&uf Alexander Deineka - Petrograds ( 1928 )

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rHk&Gm0if;az&JU uAsmwpfyk 'frSm –

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wpfaumifu kd MunfhNyD; a0zefykdi f;jcm;olu pepfwpfckvHk ;udk NcHK Munfh&if 'g[m yk*¾vdu oabmyJ jzpfr SmyJ/ 'gayr,fh usaemf ajym&Jw muawmh yDumqd k[m *Dworm; vltkd BuD; (The old griterist)udk qGJaewk ef;rS m tbkd;BuD; &JU oem;p&m aumif ;yHk ? olUb0&J U qif;&Jyifyef; rIudk o½kyfay:atmif yef; csDtEkynmoabmeJY zrf;csKyfEd kifpG rf; BuD;atmif 'Dvdk &nf &G,fcsufyJ &S drSmyJ/ "e&Sif pepfatmuf u ypönf; rJh tvkyform;awG udk wifp m;csuf &,fvdk Y rSef; NyD; tbd"r®mzG ihfzd kY BudK ;pm;rSm r[kwfygbl;/ 'Dvdk b0o½kyfazmf ? ppfo½kyfazmf yef ;csDum;awGukd Oa&myu [ife&Dr kd;qdkw Jh yef;yko rm;vnf ; qGJwwfw,f/ t,fv,fZif;'g;'k difeufcg; qdkw Jh qkdAD,uf ½k&Sm ; yef; csDorm;vnf; qG Javh&S dygw,f/ olwkdU&JU vuf&mawG u dk wifjyxm;ygw,f/ [ife&Dr dk;&J U yef;csDu m;rSm qdk&if ppfa b;'Pfu ckdatmif;aewJh vlawG&J U yHku kd qGJxm;w,f/ ppftwGi f;rSm tkd;tdr f ysufpD ;NyD ; ajratmuf a&ajrmif;awGr Sm cdkvIHae&olawG& JU b0udk wifjyxm;w,f/ yef;csDu m;udk jrifv dkuf&wmeJY ppf'Pf cH&olawG& JU b0udk txif;om; jrifvkdu f&w,f/ bmrS vQKdU0SufwJ h wifpm;rIawG r&Sdygbl;/ bmrSvnf; t"dyÜm ,f zGih fp&m rvkdygbl;/ 'dki feufcg;&J U yef; csD[mvnf; 'Dtwkdif;yJ/ ppfom;awG ppfa jrjyifudk csDwufa eMuw,f/ ppfajrjyif u jyefvm olawG uawmh 'Pf&m temw&eJY yifyef;ukef cef; NyD; pdwf ysufaeMuw,f/ ppf&J U o½kyf[m csufcsif; ay:vmw,f/ 'g[m o½kyfazmfr IyJ/ 'Dae&mrSm yef;csDo rm;&J U ynmu ppfa jrjyifu jyefv molawGud k a&mrxm;bJ oD ;oefYwH wm;wpf c k xdk;xm;w,f/ 'grS uGJ jym;rI &SdNyD; ½IyfaxG;roG m;rS m/ 'Dvkd vG,fvG,fu lu l jyoGm;Ekdifw mrsKd ; uvnf; tHhMop&myJ/ 'Dvdk yef;csDum;awGrSm zHk;uG,fxm;wJh bmtbd"r®m vQKd U0Su frIawG rS r&SdE kdifbl ;qdkwm &S if;ygw,f/

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[ife&Dr dk; - a&ajrmif; xJuppfajy;awG Henry Moore - Servioers in the Tube (1941)

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'Dtcsufukd or® musrf; pm (The Holy Bible)&JU urÇm OD;usrf; tcef;BuD; 8? tcef;i,f 1 u 12 rSm txift&Sm; awGY&w,f/

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10 xJodkY oGif;av\/ wpfzef ckepf&ufaeNyD; rS 11 xkdcsKd;udk oabFmxJu vTwf jyef\/ nOD;tcsdefü csKd; onf aem{xJ jyefvmí rdrd qdwf,laom oHvGi f&Gufu dk rdr d EIwfoD ;jzihf aqmifcJh aom 12 aMumifh ajrBuD;ay:rS m a&ukefc JhaMumif;uk d aem{ odav\... (,k'oef ESp f 150 jynfh? or®musrf ;pm)

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ta&SU*smreDu yef;csDorm; tkdwdky ifaumuf (Otto Pankok) &JU opfxGif; yef;csDw pfcsyfukd wif jyvdkuf ygw,f/ eD*½dk; uav;wpfa,muf &JU yHk ygyJ/

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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Typing

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cif0 rf; - pdwĂĽZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwÃ¥Zyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

Textureukd

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwÃ¥Zyef;csD

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tify&uf&Si f;enf; [m ajymcJ hovdk j'yfx keJY ta&mifaemufudk y J vdkufvm&mrSm aemuf ykdif ;tify&uf &Sif;orm;awG usawmh j'yfxkudk enf; enf;csif; pGefYypfvmMuw,f/ enf;enf;av; &GJUqGJrS ajyjypfr,f qdk&if &GJ UqGJ&J vm w,f/ aqZef;? *kd* if? Aef *kd;wd kY[m aemufay: tify&uf&Si f;orm;awGyJ ? olwdkY&J U Typing

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwÃ¥Zyef;csD

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cif0 rf; - pdwÃ¥Zyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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100

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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101

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Inc ubuz

102

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103

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104

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http://mmcp community. net

105

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http://mmcp community. net

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106

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108

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http://mmcp community. net

'gaMumifh ol[m bmrSrjrifbl;/ ol[m olY&JU 'dA Ápu©K eJU vlwpfa ,muf&J U twGif;oEÅmefawGyJ jrifw,f/ 'gaMumifh twGif;oEÅ mef awGukd yJ qGJcJh w,f/ ol&JU ]ynm&Sd vl&T ifawmf} qd kwJh um;rSm vl& Tifawmf&JU rsufES m[m cyftt rsufESm rsKd; jzpfa ew,f/ ol[m 'Do abmudk t"d uxm;NyD; qGJ cJh w,f/ aq;awG[m xpfxaeatmif xlw,f/ aumufa Mumif ; tjym;BuD; awG eJYyJ qG Jwwfw,f/ wpfcgwav olYaumufaMumif;[m ta&mifawG jzpfoG m;wwfw,f/ ol[m qufuyfvl& TifawmfawG taMumif; tqGJrsm;w,f/ 'Dvdk aumufaMumif;xl a&;qGJ enf;[m aemuf ydkif ;acwfo pf obm0yef; csD (Neo-realism)awGrSm vTrf ;rdk; cJhw,f/ ½dkatmh&JU ta&mifawG uawmh cyf&J& J? cyfawmufa wmuf/ wpfcgwpf&H cyf&J &J? cyfazsmhazsmhawG qGJwwfw,f/ ta&mifaygif;pyfrIr Smawmh ½dk;atmh[m q&mwpfqly J/ ta&mifawGukd pkHaeatmif a&marT NyD; qGJwwf w,f/ obm0a&mifudkawmh vHk;0 roH k;bl;/ rdef;rwpfa,muf &JU rsufESm rSm tpdr f;awG? tjymawG xnfhNyD; qGJwwfw,f/ ½dk;atmh[m qDaq;wGifru a&aq;? txltyg;? ta&mif ausmufyHk ESdyf (Lithograph) eJY za,mif; (Pastel) awGukdvnf; us,fu s,f jyefYjyefY oHk;pGJc Jhw,f/ ½dk;atmh&JU ta&mif awGrS m teufa&mif t&ifhawG trsm;BuD;awGY&w,f/ 'Dta&mifawG udk aygif;pyfNyD ; Atmosphere ac:wJh ]0ef;usif[ef}ukd wif jyzdkY BuKd;pm;cJhw ,f/ tcsdeftcgeJY ywf0ef;usifu kd ta&mifouf oufeJY yJ wifjycJhw m[m aemufykd if; Surrealism qm&D&,fvpfZif;uk d tultaxmuf trsm;BuD ;ay;w,f/ ½dk;atmh[m uAsmorm;wpfa,mufvnf; jzpfw,f/ wpfyk'f[ m olU&J U t,ltq wpfykdif;wpfpuk d azmfjyygvdrhfr ,f/

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110

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112

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Inc ubuz

127

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

Inc ubuz

128

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

usLApfZif ;tjrifu dkawmh tusOf; csKyf NyD; azmfjyzdYk rvG,fvSb l;/txl;ojzifh 'g[myef;csDorm;&JU ukd,fy kdifawG ;ac:rIyJ/ ½kyfNidrf wpfcku dk b,fvdk cGJjcrf;NyD; a&;r,f qdkw muawmh yef;csDorm;&JU ukd, fykdi f qHk; jzwfcsufeJY todÓPf tawGYtBuHKwdkY ay:rS m wnfwJh txda&mufqHk; odrIa y:rSm wnfw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

129

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

Inc ubuz

130

cif0 rf; - pdwÃ¥Zyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

Inc ubuz

131

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

Inc ubuz

132

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

Inc ubuz

133

cif0 rf; - pdwĂĽZyef;csD

Typing

Inc ubuz

http://mmcp community. net

134

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

Inc ubuz

135

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

Inc ubuz

136

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Inc ubuz

a0g[m&udk, fwkdif

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137

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

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Inc ubuz

138

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Inc ubuz

139

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

'DvkdyJ tbufbufrS m usaemfwd kY[m acwfa&pD;&J U tvsOfu kd jrifawG Uae&rSm jzpfw,f/ 'grS usaemfwdkYacwf o½kyfouef[m yDor,f/ usaemfwdk Y qHk;jzwfx m;Ekd ifzkd Yuawmh ]raeUu[mawG[m 'DuaeYypönf ;awG r[kwfbl;} qdkwmygyJ/ uaeUacwf rSm&S dwJh yef;csD&JU tajctaeuk d usaemftaeeJ U tMurf;zsif; yJ wifjyEkdifp Grf; &Sd ygw,f/ usaemf vufvSrf ;rDoa&G U wifjy ygr,f/ uaeY usaemfwdk Uacwf rSm yef;csD[m usaemf ajymcJhovdk odyfNyD; vGwfvyfw,f/ us,f jyef Uw,f/ yef;csDukd Painting wGi frubJ Graphic Arts awGrSmyg avhvm&rSm jzpf w,f/ yef;csDr Smvnf; vuform; twwfe JY yHkESdy ftwwfawGyg a&maygif ;vmNyDvnf; jzpfw,f/ bmyJ jzpf jzpf wif jyrIqkdif &m enf;emawGukd t"dutm;jzihf oHk; ykdif ;cGJvd kY&vmw,f/ 1/ obm0tm; xyfwlnDatmif wifjyrI 2/ ½kyfrJh j'yf rJh zefwD ;rI 3/ pdwåZ vIHYaqmf zefwD;rI 'Dvdk oHk;ykd if;tm;jzihf t"ducGJ jcm;vdkY &w,f/ olYatmufrSm vrf;oG, fawG ra&rwGuf Ekdifatmif &Sdygw,f/ obm0ukd xyfwlnD atmif wifjyw,fqkdw mu usaemfwdk Y 18 &mpkrwk difcif aqZef;wk dY? ulab;wdkYvd kyJ/ vlqdk& if vleJ Uwlatmif ? ypönf ;awG qdk&ifvnf ; cRwfpG yfwlatmif qGJwJhenf;yJ/ 'gayr,fh ulab;wdkY ? aqZef;wkdY vufxufrSm pkwf&mawG rIe fEkaeatmif qGJcJ hw,f/ ckacwfrSmawmh pkwf &m ygcsifvnf; ygr,f/ ygcsifrSvnf ; ygr,f/ ta&mifrS mawmh awmfawmfav; xl;jcm;vmw,f/ odyfawmufywJ h rlvta&mifeJY ESp fa&mifpyfvd kY qGJavh &Sdw,f/ ta&mifrSmawmh xl;xl; jcm;jcm;ukd ajymif;vJoGm;w,f/ Typing

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140

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

Draft Age1965

Jimmy&J U Age

Draft

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141

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

olYtaz Andrew Wyeth [m Jimmy xuf yd kNyD ; TexturerSm uRrf;usifw ,f/ Andrew &JU yef ;csDu m;awGud kawmh usaemf rwif jyEk difygbl;/ Andrew &JU yef;csDwkdi f;[m Texture rSm ajymif;xm;wmcsnf; yJ/ txl;ojzihf Texture udk n§dxm;wm awGY&w,f/ Oyrmtm;jzihf yef;uefvHk; udk qGJ&if a<u&J U ajymifvufrI rsKd; ? rmausm rIrsKd; eJY qufpyf wJh oabmawGu kdvnf; ygatmifq GJxm;w,f/ wpfzuf uvnf; yef;uef[ m azmheJY vky fxm;w,fvdkY xif&atmif aysmhy Gaeatmif qGJ xm;w,f/ 'DtcgrSm Munfh& ol&J U tm½Hk[m wpfrsKd; jzpfoGm ;w,f/ olwdkYodwJ h yef;ueftppfyJ/ 'g[m olwd kY oHk;aeus yef;uef wpfcsyfyJ/ 'gayr,fh awGYaeus yef;uefrsKd ;awmh r[kw fbl;;/ xl;jcm;rI awG a&maygif ;aew,f/ 'Dvkd tm½HkaxGjym;rIaMumifh Andrew&JU yef;csD um;[m tm;aumif ;vmw,f/ tckawmh Oa&myrSm Andrew&JY yef;csDenf;[m us,fus,f jyefYjyefY vTrf ;rdk;aeygNyD/ aemufykd if;rS m Andrew xuf ydkNyD; &J&ihfhwJh Textuerajymif;rIawGukdawmif vkyfwmvm awG Y&w,f/ ]½kyfrJh j'yf rJh zefwD;rI} eJY ywfoufvdkYuawmh a&mifjyif0g'awGu kd t"duxm;NyD; wifjy&rSm yJ jzpfw,f/ usaemfwd kY jref rmjynfrS mawmh a&mifjyif 0g'[m odyfrxGef;um;ao;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh tm;,lp jyKaewhJ a&mifjyif tpteav;awGawmh usaemfw kdYr MumcP awGU&ygw,f/ usaemfhtaeeJ Y yef;csD&J U enf;emtoG,fo G,frS m a&mif jyif0g'[m tiftm; aumif;wJh aygif;pyf r I 0dZÆmynmrdkYa&mif jyify ef;csD[m us,fus,f jyef YjyefY xGef;um;oifh w,fvdkY jrifw,f/ a&mifjyifoabmrSm us,fjyefYw Jh aq;a&miftuGu fBuD; awGudk yef; csD orm;&J U uRrf;usifrIay:rS m wnfNyD; BudKufovkd aygif; pyf,lwJ h oabmyJ/ 'Da&mif jyif yef;csD[m usLApfZif ;eJY qm&D&,fvpfZif;u qif ;oufvmwJh yef; csDenf; yJ jzpfw,f/

Typing

Inc ubuz

142

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

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Typing

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143

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

1/ ½kyf<uyHkE Sdyf

(Relief)

2/ tcsKdihfxGif;

(Intaglio)

3/ rsufESmjyif

(Surface)

1/ ½kyf<uyHkE Sdyf

(Relief Engraving)

jzpfygw,f/

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2/ tcsKdifhx Gif; yHkESdy f

(Intaglio Engraving)

tcsKdihfxG if;awG[ m owåKtjym; (trsm;tm;jzih f aMu;eD ) awGukd xG if;NyD; ESdyfwJh enf; jzpfw,f/ owåK jym;ay:rS tcRefwpf ckcke JY jzpfjzpf csKdi fhaeatmifvkyf/ rifokwf NyD; owåK jym;udk yGwfw dkufvdk ufwJhtcgrSm rif[m csKdifhaewJh ae&mav;awGrSm usef aecJh r,f/ 'gudk yHkESdy f,lr,f/ 'Dvkd yHk ESdyf wJhtcgrSm owåKjym;a&m puúLudk pdkx kdif;vmatmif vk yfNyD; wvdrhfwHk ;BuD; awGeJY n§yf NyD; vdS rfh&w,f/ 'Dvdk tcsKdihfxG if;rS m acwfpm;wJh Typing

Inc ubuz

144

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD

http://mmcp community. net

enf;awGuawmh (u) rsOf; aMumif;yHk ESdyf(Line Engraving)? (c) ajcmufaoGUtcRef (Drypoint)? (* ) tufppfp m;wkd U jzpfw,f/ (u) rsOf;aMumif; yH kESdy fuawmh bl& if (Burin)ac:wJh tcRefwpfck eJY owå Kjym; ay:ukd xGi f;vdku fwJhtcg owåK jym;ay:rSm (y) yHkoP²mef cyfcRefcRefeJY xG if;&mudk jzpfay:apw,f/ 'Dv kdud&d ,mukdo Hk;NyD; qGJvdkY&wJhtcg tcsKdihfawGr Sm rifjznfhNyD; yHkESd yf,lw,f/ (c) ajcmufaoGUtcRef yHkESdy fenf;uawmh oHrPdeJ Y vkyfxm;wJh cJw Hwpfacsmif; eJY owåK jym;ay:rSm yHk qGJNyD; ESdyfwJh enf;yJ/ 'Dvdk ESdyfwJhtcgrS m rifprif eawG puúLay:rSm ayusHaeatmif vkyfNyD; tjrifwpfr sKd;eJY vSatmif zefwD;avh &Sdw,f/ (*) tufppfpm;yHkE Sdyf (Ecihing) uawmh za,mif ;oHk;xm;wJh rsuf ESmjyifay:rS m tcRefwpfc kckeJ Y yHkqGJvk dufwJhtcg tcRef[m za,mif ;awGukd azmufNyD; rsufES mjyifudk xdoG m;w,f/ 'DtcgrSm owåKjym;ukd tufppf xJrSm pdrfxm;w,f/ tufppf[m rsOf;aMumif;u0ifNyD; owåKukdp m;wJhtcg owåKay:rSm rsOf ;aMumif;twkdi f; tcsKdih fawG xifv mw,f/ 'gudk yHkESdy f,lw,f/

3/ rsufESm jyif yHkESdy f

(Surface Engraving)

'Denf;uawmh nDnmwJh rsufES mjyifwpf ckuaeNyD; yHkE Sdyfw Jhenf; yJ jzpf w,f/

(u) ausmufyH kESdy f(Lithograph) ausmufjym; 'grSr[kw f aMu;jym;wpfjym;ay:rSm tqDygwJh ypönf;wpfckck e JY yHkqGJw,f/ aemuf NyD; rsufESm jyif udk a&eJY pk dpGwfatmif vkyfw,f/ a&eJ YtqD[m wpfuefYp D jzpfa er,f/ 'DtcgrSm tqDygwJh rif udk vdSrf hNyD ; wifwJhtcg tqDtqDcsif;pGJ NyD; a&pdkwJhtykdif;ukd rifxdr Sm r[kwfb l;/

Typing

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145

cif0 rf; - pdwåZyef;csD (c) ydk;um;yHkE Sdyf

http://mmcp community. net

(Silk-Screen Print)

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Willem de Kooning, Woman V (1952-53)

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j'yfwlu dk rqGJbJ tm½Hkxif ½kyfj'yf (Semi-Abstarct) awG ukdyJ qGJw,f/ 'DvdkqGJ &mrSm vnf; ½kyfj'yf&J U jyifyoP²mef ukd rqG JbJ 'D½kyf j'yf& JU taMumif;w&m; jzpfwJ h twGif;obm0ukdom qGJw,f/ 'g[m 'Dul eif;&JU tEkynmyJ jzpfw,f/ uaeY usaemfwdk Uacwf rSmuawmh Oa&mywpf0dk ufrSm 'Du leif;[m xif&Sm;wJh pdwåZyef; csDorm;wpfO D;yJ jzpfygw,f/ aemufwpfa ,mufuawmh tar&duefu a&m*sifbwf (Ranchenberg)yJ jzpfw,f/ ol[m ypönf;rsKd;pHkukd wG, fqufzefwD;wJh Pop Artudk tar&duefr Sm pwif toHk;jyKol yJ jzpfw,f/ wpfzufuvnf ; Collagesac:wJh enf; pHk yef;csDq GJenf; rSm tawmf MoZm&Sdo lwpfa,muf jzpfw,f/ 1959 ckESpfrSm zefwD; wJh yef;csDu m;wpf csyfrS m qdwfaoaumifu dk tpmoGw f? ½kyfvkH; vkyf? wm,mwpfvHk; eJY pGyfNyD; yef;csDum;ay:rSm wyfxm; vdkufw,f/ 'gukd olu rdkE kd*&rf (Monogram) vdkY emrnfay;xm;w,f/ 'Dvdk wu,fh owå0gukd yef;csDum;ay:rSm wG,fquftoHk; jyKwm a&m*sif bwfwpfa ,mufyJ &Sdw,f/ olY& JU wif jyyH k[m awmfawmf emrnfBuD;oGm ;w,f/ aemufy dkif; rSmawmh ol[m ydk; um;csyfyHk ESdyf e JY yef;csDu dk a&maxG; toHk; jyKvmw,f/ olY&JU yef; csDum;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm ydk;um;csyf yHkE SdyfawG toHk;jyKxm;wm awGY &w,f/ olU&J U ]aumif;uif bm;} (Trapeze) qdkwJh yef;csDum;rSm qDaq;&,f? ydk;um;csyfyH kESdy f&,f a&maxG; toHk;jyKxm;wm awGY&ygw,f/

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Robert Rauschenberg ( 1925-2008 )

olU&J U um;csyfrSm Munfhr,fq dk&if a&S;acwf Oa&my tv,fyd kif; o½kyfrS e f yef;csD (Realism) awG? acwfay: (Photograpih realism)"mwf yHkqef o½kyfrS e f yef;csDawG? a&mifjyifenf ;awG (Futurism) ac:wJh vIyf&S m;rI yef;csDawG a&maxG; toHk;jyKxm;wm awGY &ygw,f/ ol[m ydk;um;csyf yHkES dyfeJ Y qDaq;yef ;csDuk d uRrf;uRrf; usifusif a&mpyfEkd ifpG rf;&Sd olwpfa,muf jzpf wJh twGuf olY&JUvuf&m[m BuD;rm;wJh vIHYaqmfr Iudk ay;ygw,f/ a&m*sif bwf[ m usaemfwdkY acwf&J U tEkynm&SifBuD; wpfa,mufygyJ/ usaemf wdkY[m a&SUavQmuf NyD; a&m*sifbwf&J U vkyf &yfawG u kd rsufjcnfrjywf Munfha eoifhw,f/

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usaemfwkd U[m jynfolawGu dk ...

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ESpfNcdKufv mr,f/ 'Dae&mrSm yef;csDa vmu&J U wdk;wuf rIt&dSe f[m rSef uefvmrSmygyJ/ yef;csDo rm;awG [mvnf; olwdk Y pdwfrSm qmavmifvmwmudk zefwD; Ekdif rSmygyJ/ yef;csD &JU abmif[mvnf; vGw fvyfus,fjyefYvmrSmygyJ/

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