အလင္းအိမ္ မဂၢဇင္း အတြဲ (၇) အမွတ္ (၇) by derric maw

jrefrmouU&mZf 1378 / wefcl;v

2006 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif pwifxkwfa0onf? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

rmwdum tvif;tdrfpum;

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& trSmpum;rsm;

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

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prf;prf;EGJ@ (om,m0wD) 10/ 3/ 2016

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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armifpdef0if; ( ykwD;ukH;)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

"tarSmifacwfudk &dkufzGifhcJholrsm;"

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

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jzLESif;xdkuf

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cGefqdkif; (74) 20

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tvif;tdrf r*~Zif; (10) ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf twGuf q&m/ q&mr rsm;. trSwfw& pum;rsm;

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ausmfausmfpdk; (*syef) 2016 ckESpf rwfv 2 &uf

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

uAsm

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rif;ukdEdik f

(23-Sept-2015)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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armifpGrf;&nf ZGef 11/ 2012

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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armifpdef0if; (ykwD;ukef;) 11/ 3/ 2015

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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armifopf}unf

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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armif 14/ 3/2016 / we*Fvmae@ (White day)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

rjidrf;csrf;aom

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Edkifjrefrm

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tifwmeufrS umwGef;rsm;

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tifwmeufrS umwGef;rsm;

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

wefc;l vESifh jrefrmh&d;k &m twmo}uFefyGJ[lonf

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

qef;oavmuf rvif;Ekdifbl@/ yef;ydawmufrif;? wefcl;vonf jrefrmh q,fEh SpfvwGif yxrOD;qHk;vjzpf.? Tv. vjynfhnwGif pd=weuQwo f nf vjynf0h ef;ESihf ,SOjf yKd iI f xGe;f vif; awmufyuGeŒf jrL;onf? Tv. &moDrmS rd\&moD/ ,SOw f m&mrSm wHigwm&m/ &moD&yk f yHo k ¿mefrmS qdw&f yk f yHo k ¿mef/ &moDyef;rSm uHhaumfyef;/ &ifcwfyef;/ ydawmufyef; jzpfI &moDyGJawmfrSm o=uFefyGJawmf jzpfavonf? Twefcl;vudk yk*Hacwf xkd;ausmufpmwkd@Y "wefcl" [k a&SŒaemuf tuQ&m ESpfckpvHk;Y a&SŒaygufrygbJ a&;onfudk awGŒ&.? 0doZ…eD ta&;tom; ay:vmjyDjzpfaom tif;0acwfodk@ a&mufaomtcgwGifrl "wefcl;" [k a&;om;vmonfudk awGŒ&onf? 'kwd, tif;0acwf taemufbufvGefrif; vufxufwGif rif;aZ,&E Wrdwfu "yk&pfjzmpD" csD&wkwGif "wefcl;&moD wkdifcJhjyD/ qef;xl;0geD vldifcJhjyD/ oGef;jrL; jzmpD tkdifcJhjy"D [k um&ef oHk;csuftnDtcs a&;zGJŒxm;onfudk vnf;aumif;/ awmifilacwf awmifilbk&if ewf&Sifaemifu 4if;. &wkwGif "b,fa0hnmul;/ yHrk xl;onf/ wefc;l avavsmaf wmh.?" [k oDu;kH zGŒJ EGŒJ xm;onfukd vnf;aumif; awGŒ&Sd&ayonf? OD;zkd;vwfa&; jrefrmtrnfrsm;usr;fY wefcl;vwGif wef;yk'fonf ygVdbmom wmvyk'frS qif;oufvmI xef;a[m jzpfa=umif;/ wykd@wGJta=umif;Y tus,fazmfjyjyD;jzpf&m cl;. teufudkom aumuf,l&ef vkad yawmhonf? cl;. teufuv dk nf; uwfowfEldufcGswfI awG;awmae&ef rvk?d "yef;cl;/ [if;&Gufcl;/ [if;oD;cl;/ qGwfcl;" qkdonfwkd@Y uJhodk@ qGwf/ ajcG[kom tvG,fwul aumuf,l&m.? wefcl;qkd&mY "xef;oD; udkcl;/ xef;oD;udk qGwf/ ajcG" [k toG,fr0kduf wkduf&u kd t f euf ay:xGufacs.? wyd@k wGJvY xef;ryifrsm;rS xGufonfh xef;ydk@ (0g) xef;zl;/ xef;cdkifwkd@onf wefc l;vodk@ a&mufaomtcg tqef;wnfpjyKaom toD;rsm;udk aqmifvsuf &Sd=uawmhojzifh vlwkd@onf ,if;toD;rsm;udk pm;&ef cl;Ekdif qGwfajcEkdif =uawmhav. [k azmfjyxm;avonf? odk@jzpfI "xef;cl;v" (0g) "wefcl;v" [lonfrSm "xef;qGwf v/ xef;oD;qGwf v" [lI t"dy`m,f &avonf? Twefcl;vudk "wmul;v" [lIvnf; a&;om;ac:a0:=u ayao;onf? OD;zkd;vwfa&; jrefrmv trnfrsm; usrf;Yyif jrefrmbmom wm/ twmwkd@. toHk;y&d,m,frsm;ESifh jrefrmESifh tEG,fwl tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

bmomwk@d wGif rdwfwyl 'k frsm;. teufrsm;udk axmufojzifh wm/ twmwk@d onf tcsed ftcg/ &moDOwk/ &wk/ ESpfa[m jzpfa=umif; ,HkrSm; oHo, r&Sd&m? wmul;/ twmul; qkd&mY txufwGif azmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; tjcm;umv. tydkif;tjcm;jzpfaom v/ &moDOwk/ &wk wkd@udk r,lEkdif? ESpfudkom ,lEkdifa=umif; txl; owdjyKtyfavonf? "xk@d a=umifh wmul;/ twmul;wkd@. teuf ESpu f ;l jzpfI wmul;v/ twmul;v wkd@. teuf ESpu f l;v jzpfavonf" [k azmfjyxm;avonf? odk@jzpfI "wmul;v [lonfrSm ESpfu;l v (0g) ESpfajymif;v" [lI t"dy`m,f &avonf?Twefc;l vESihf ywfoufI a&S; pm qkd awmf toD;oD;u &laxmifh tpHpk rkH S &ljrifum trsdK;rsdK; tzHkzHk a&;zGJŒ oDuHk;I rSwfwrf;wifcJh=uayonf? pmqkdawmf OD;yknu 4if;. q,hfESpf&moDbGJŒ aw;xyfrsm;wGif Twefcl;vbGJŒ aw;xyfY"q,fEh pS v f D 'Gg'&rSm/ cgr\ d &moD/ &if;tp OD;cso D nf/ vwGirf nf wefc;l / pd=w=u,f ajymifi,f/ nOfŒoefacgifuscgrS jrL;? aeŒESifhn em&DrSm oHk;q,fpD r=uL;/ ESpfvHk;nD wpfyg'ful;vkd@/ ESpfopfOD;wpfcg/ yef;uHhaumf a&$&ifcwfu,fwkd@/ zl;yGifhcsyfpDvkd@omjzm? wnfo h ;kH z0g; &dyq f m,mrSm wlruGm armifr,fEv J$ /dk jrwfonfyh GJ o=uFefawmf/ wD;jcdrhjf crd ahf =umf/ xD;urŠK&dyfaysmfi,f/ acgif;avSsmfawmf rljrJxifhav" [lI zGJŒEGJŒoDuHk; pmyef;csD jc,frlef;I rSwfwrf;wifcaJh yonf? pmqkad wmf r[m twkv rif;=u;d uvnf; 4if;. q,fEh pS &f moDbŒJG vGr;f csi;f rsm;wGif Twefcl;vbGJŒ vGrf;csif;Y "xyfxyfom apmawmhw,f/ jra=umi,f&pfoD/ udkuzf l; i,fpDonf? yGifhod*F D a&$&ifcwfu,fwkd@/ &Spf&yfu,f e,fwpfckdu pdkvw S ,fav;? aEGcgrSDi,f/ &moDrd\/ *drSmerkd@/ pd=w=u,f wdrfrdk;v,frSm/ pHy,fuGefŒum/ wdrfaAGcsm0,f/ a'opmvSrf;/ vSnfhvnfi,fjref;vkd@/ ESpfqef;i,f o=uFef/ opfopfom zefawmhw,f/ EkdifiHa=umh jynfolrSm yefqk,l wma&oGef;csdefrkd@/ vGrf;vSw,fav;" [lI a&;oDzGJŒEGJŒ pmyef;csDcsJŒ I rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf? Twefcl;vonf aEGOwkwGi f yg0if.? aEG&moDodk@ 0ifa&mufvmonfrSm v0ufrSsom &Sdao;aomfvnf; tvGef yljyif;aeayjyD? "wefcl; a&ukef/ uqkef a&cef;" [laom pmqkdESiht f nD tcsdKŒaom acsmif;/ ajrmif;/ a&wGif;/ a&uefrsm;wGif a&cef;p jyKaejyD? pmqkad wmf &SiOf wWrausm. f "obif*rd eS /f wmo=ueF [ f /k avjyefvi$ u hf /l bHo k pfxI l " [laom wmvm; tzGŒJ tEGŒJ twkdi;f yif a&mifjcnfwpfaxmif tvif;aqmif a'gi;f zef 0g aerif;=u;D . tyl&Sdefa=umifh jrpdrf;a&mif opf&Gufwkd@onf a&$0ga&mifokd@ ul;ajymif; ajcmufaoGŒum awmifjyefavESifh ajrmufjyefavwkd@ qefŒusiftawGŒ wkd;ta0SŒwGif a=uu G s ajrcojzifh 34

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

wpfawmvHk; &Sif;vif;ae ayawmhonf? ok@d jzpf&m opfyifw@dk rSmrl &k;d wHusu J sJ aeylxw J iG f &Sad e=ujy?D Twefc;l vwGif tyl&edS f jyif;vmjyD jzpfaomfvnf; rkd;ESifhum; ruif;ygacs? “wefcl;rnfrSwf/ zufqGwfa&wkd;/ o=uFefrkd;”[laom rkd;vuFm twkdif;yif TESpfopful; wefcl;v cgor,wGif rkd; wpf=udrf ESpf=udrf &GmoGef;avh&Sdonf? xkdrdk;udk zufqGwfrkd;/ o=ueF frkd;[k ac:onf? ajrodk@ oufavSsm a=uGusaeonfh zuf&Gufajcmuf/ opf&Gufajcmufrsm;udk rkd;a&jzifh wkdufpm; ajcGqGwf ,laqmifoGm;aoma=umifh xkdrkd;udk zufqGwfrkd;[k ac: jcif;jzpfonf? o=uFe fumvwGif &GmoGe f;aom rkd;jzpfojzifh xkdrkd;udk o=uFe fr kd;[kvnf; ac:jcif;jzpfonf? xkd zufqGwfr;kd (0g) o=uFerf d;k &GmoGe;f jzKd ;vku d o f nfh tcgwiG f t&k;d jydKi;f jydKi;f xaeaom opfyif/ opfudkif;wkd@wGif&Gufopf/ &GufEk uav;rsm; ay:xGufvmavonf? wefcl;. aeyl&Sdefa=umifh usufaeonfh r[myx0D ajr=uD;wGifvnf; ajroif;&eHŒrsm; oif;ysHŒvmavonf? ,if;ok@d ajroif; &eHŒrsm; oif;ysŒH yHu k dk pmqkdawmf &Sift*~orm"du bHck ef;ysKd ŒwGi-f "cgvnfvSvS/ &wkopfopf/ o&pfay:ay:/ omaysmf&$ef;&$ef;/ udef;cef;oifharm/ &Guf&ifhavSsmhI &Gufa usmEkvSef/ &Gufopfjyefwnfh/ yef;refiHkuif;/ okwfavnif;ESifh/ ajroif;eHŒeHŒ/ wysHŒysL;ysL;/ rif;vGifjrL;vsuf/ wefcl;vnf;ukef/ vuqkefonf yZ…Kef&kdufjrnf; csKef;csKef;wnf;?" [k a&;zGJŒ rSwfwrf; wifcJhavonf? Twefcl;vwGif aeŒwm/ nwm nDrSsonf? a&S;jrefrmrif;rsm; toHk;jyKaom a&em&Dt& aeŒ 30-em&D&I Sd n 30-em&D &do S nf? pufem&Dt& eHeuf 6-em&DwiG f aexGuI f nae 6-em&wGif ae0ifonf? rGef;wnfhz0g;rSm 3-z0g; jzpfonf? Tvonf &uf rpHkv jzpf.? T wefcl;v. &moDyGJawmfonf o=uFefyGJawmf jzpf. ,if;o=uFef yGJawmfonf jrefrmwkd@. ESpfopful;yGJawmfyif jzpfonf? urBmay:&Sd ,Ofaus;aom vlrsdK;wkdif;onf ESpfa[mif;ukefI ESpfopful;onfh cgor,udk tav;tjrwf xm;=uonf? rdrdwkd@. &kd;&m ,Ofaus;rl "avhxHk;pHtvkduf ESpfopful; yGJawmfrsm; usif;yum ESpfopfukd =udKqkd=uonf? jrefrmwk@d onfvnf; ESpfa[mif;ukefI ESpfopful;onfh csed for,wGif ESpfopful; yGJawmfukd jcdrfhjcdrfhoJoJ usif;yum ESpfopfudk =uKd qkdjrJ jzpfayonf? "o=uFef" [laom pum;onf "o=uFmEW" [laom ouUykwyk'fESifh "ouFE"W [laom ygVyd 'k w f @dk rS ajymif;vJ qi;foufvmaom a0g[m& jzpfonf[k ,lq=uonf? ouUw bmom o=uFmEWyk'fESifh ygVdbmom ouFEWyk'fwkd@. t"dy`m,frSm twlwl jzpfonf? "ajymif;a&$Œ jcif;/ ul;ajymif;jcif;" [k csnf;om t"dy`m,f &avonf? xkdodk@ ajymif;a&$Œ jcif;/ ul;ajymif;jcif; t"dy`m,faqmifonfh o=uFef [laom tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

a0g[m&. ajymif;a&$ŒyHk/ ul;ajymif;yHkoabmwkd@udk ynm&Sifwkd@ trsdK;rsdK; zGifhqkd=uonf? a0'0g'D aA'if ynm&Sifwkd@u we*FaEG j*dK[frif; rdef&moDrS rd\&moDodk@ ul;ajymif;csdef usa&mufonfukd o=ueF fusonf[k ,lq=uonf? jA[R% 0g'D ynm&Siw f @kd url "u0gvrkid ;f yHkjyif" udk udk;um;I jA[Rmrif;. OD;acgif;udk tvSnfhusayGŒcsDxm;&onfh ewforD; wpfOD;rS wpfOD; vufodk@ ajymif;a&$Œay;csdef usa&mufonfudk o=uFefusonf[k ,lq=uavonf? ,if;odŒk we*FaEGj*Kd vrf if; &moDajymif;jcif;udk pGI J vnf;aumif;/ o=uFeyf JaG wmf jzpfvmonf[k ,lq=uaomfvnf; o=uFef[laom a0g[m&wGif ESpfa[mif;rS ESpfopfodkŒ ul;ajymif;jcif; t"dy`m,fvnf; ouf0ifvsuf &Sdaeayonf? urBmay:wGif vlrsdK; toD;oD; &Sdonf? xkdvlrsdK; toD;oD;wkd@wGif udk,fhp&kduf ud k, f h b mom tvk d u f ES p f r sm;udk a&wGu f o nf h tpOf t vmrsm; &S dc J h o nf ? xkd tpOftvmrsm;onf vl@,Ofaus;rl pwif xGef;um;vmonfh tcsdefrSpI ESpfopful;jcif; [laom a0g[m&vnf; ay:xGef;vmayonf? odk@aomfvnf; rnfonfh tcsdef/ rnfonfh ckESpf ouU&mZfrS pI ESpo f pful;yGJ usi;f yvmcJhonfurkd l twdtusqd&k ef cJ,Of; vSayonf? jrefrmEkdifiHwGifvnf; ,Ofaus;rl tqihftwef; jrifhrm;aejyD jzpfaom ya'o&mZf acwfOD; waumif; acwfuyif ESpfopful; yGJawmfr sm; usif;yvmcJhonf[k ,lq&ayonf? odk@aomfvnf; taxmuftxm; wpfpHk wpf&m rawGŒ&ao;ay? odk@&mwGif ouU&mZf 653-ckESpfpGJ/ yk*HjrdKŒ apmvS0if; bk&m; ausmufpm(ausm 22/ 23) wGif "rDzkef/ o=uFef/ pm&d,f/ anmif &d,foGef/ rjywfpd,fvSsifwnf." [k a&;xdk;xm;onfudk axmuf&lvSsifrl yk*HacwfY o=uFef[k ac:onfh ESpfopful;yGJawmf usif;yaejyDjzpfa=umif; odom xif&Sm;vSayonf? a&S;jrefrmbk&ifrsm; vufxufu o=uFeftcgawmfudk eef;awmf&SdykÀm;jzL/ ykÀm;ndKwkd@u aA'ifusrf;rsm;ESifh tnD wGufcsufay;&onf? eef;awmfwGif aA'ifusrf;/ qef;usrf;/ euQwfusrf; ponfwkd@Y wzufurf;cwf wwfajrmufonfh jrefrmvlrsdK;/ ykÀ k m;vlrsKd ; ynm&Sdwd@k onf ESppf Ofyif rnfonfhESpw f iG f 0gxyfrnf/ rxyfrnf/ 0g=uD;xyfrnf/ 0gi,f x yf r nf / &uf i if r nf/ rnf o nf h j *d K vf taumuf o G m ;rnf / rnf o nf hj *d K[f tajzmifhoGm;rnf/ ae=uwfrnf/ v=uwfrnf/ ivsifvlyfrnf/ awmfvnf;rnf/ ppfjzpfrnf/ rkd;oHk;yg;vHk; ajzmifhrnf/ rajzmifhrnf/ pyg;oD;ESHrsm; aumif;rnf/ raumif;rnf/ pD;yGm;a&; aumif;rnf/ raumif;rnf/ wkid ;f jynf. ta&;tcif;rsm; rnfok@d &Srd nf? r&Sdrnf ponfw@kd udk wGufcsufI aA'ifa[mpmwrf; a&;jyD; bk&ifhxH qufoGif;=uonf? wkid ;f jynftwGuf wpfEpS w f m a[mpmwrf;udk bk&ifu omoemykid f q&mawmftm; jyo&onf? omoemawmfyikd f q&mawmfonf ynm&Srd sm; wGucf su, f q l yHEk iS hf udu k n f rD nDukd nSdEldif; pdppfI oifhjrwfygu ,if;a[mpmwrf;udk bk&iftm; xkwfa0&ef t=uHay;&onf? 36

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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OD;0&Om% (tif;vSsm;)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

ordkif;wauGŒrS ocifA[def;

oef;0if;vd_if jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;ordkif;wGifxif&Sm;cJhaom ocifA[def;udk 1917 ckESpf ZGefv 27 &uf Ak'<[l;ae@wGif tif;0+rdKŒ udkif;wef;&yfY tz yGJpm;}uD; OD;rSif/ trd a':OD;wdk@rS zGm;jrifco Jh nf? arG;csif; 7 a,mufteuf Ed@k nSmjzpfonf? trnf&if;rSm armifA[de;f jzpfonf? nD i,farmifoef;EdkifrSm *syefacwf r*Fvm'HkppfwuUodkvf yxrywfausmif;qif;jzpfI zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif wdkif; (7) rS yg0ifcJh onf? i,fpOfu tif;0+rdKŒ rlvwef;ausmif;/ rEWav; atbDtrf rdef;uav;ausmif;/ ousoD[bk&m;teD; q&miHkausmif;ESihf rEWav;trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1935 wGif wuUokv d f0ifwef;pmar;yGu J dk jrefrmpm/ t*Fvdyfpm/ &mZ 0if (ordkif;) bmom (3) ckpvHk;wGif *k%fxl;&cJhonf? 1935 - 37 wGif rEWav;Oypm aumvdyYf ynmqufvufoif,o l nf? 19 36 - 37 tdkiaf ttxufwef;udk ygVd*% k x f ;l jzihf atmifcho J nf? xdk@aemuf &efuek fwuUodkvfok@d ajymif;a&$ŒynmoifcJh+yD; 1938 - 39 bDat txufwef;wGif ynmoif=um;aepOf a&eHajroydwfay:aygufvm&m EdkifiHa&;avmuodk@ tcsdefjynhf 0ifa&mufaqmif&Guf cJhonf? 40

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

txufwef; ausmif;om;b0uyif rsKd;cspfpdwfxufoefI ausmif;om;rsm; or*~wGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? rEWav;wGif ygawmfrl ae@txdrf;trSwf qDrD;za,mif; xG e f ; nS d & ef pwif v _H @ aqmf c J h o nf ? 1935 - 36 ck E S p f rEWa v; Oypmaumvd y f ausmif;om;or*~acgif; aqmiftjzpf 1936 azaz:0g&D 15 wGif pwifjzpfyGm;cJhaom 'kwd,ausmif;om;oydwfwGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhonf? oydwftwGif; ppfudkif;txufwef; ausmif;oGm;I OD;aqmifoydwfwm;&m ausmif;tkyf}uD; rpPwma'gif;ESihf wynhf paumuf tzGJŒ0if ausmif;om; rsm; 0dkif;¶kdu&f m '%f&m&&SdcJhonf? 1937 ckESpf arv 9 &ufESihf 10 &ufwGif 'kwd,t}udrf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;or*~ (Auo) nDvmcHukd rEWav;A[dt k rsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;Yusi;f y&m udkA[def;onf nDvmcH{nhfcH}udKqdka&;OuUXtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? tqdkygnDvmcHodk@ tdENd,uGef*&ufygwDacgif;aqmif *s0g[mvmae¶l;ESihf orD;tif'D&mwdk@wufa&mufI obmywdtjzpf udkatmifqef;u aqmif&Guf cJhonf? ,if;nDvmcHwGif {nhfcH}udKqdka&;OuUÏ udkA[def;u ²²² "ausmif;om;rsm;. ArmEdik if Hv;kH qdik &f m tpnf;ta0;}uD;od@k urBm}u;D w0ef;vH;k . csD ; rG r f ; cH& aom emrnfa usmf y k * ~ dK vf } uD ; yef ' pf * s0g [mae¶l ; =uG a &muf t m;ay; csD;jrSihfonhftwGuf twdkif;rod aus;Zl;wifI cs;D rGrf;axmyemjyKum 0rf;ajrmufvSa=umif;/ Todk@ odef; oef;ukaÉrSsaom qif;&Jom;wdk@ . acgif;aqmif}uD;onf u|Ekfyfwdk@. &Jabmfrsm;=um;rS rm;rm;rwfrwf&yfI enf;ay;vrf;jyKvkyfjcif;jzihf ArmEdkifiH}uD;twGuf ,ckuJhodk@aom acgif;aqmif}uD; wOD;vdkaea=umif;od&I 0rf;enf;rda=umif;? TuJhodk@ *k%f,lzG,f aumif; aom rsKd;cspfpw d f&Sdonhf acgif;aqmif}uD;yef'pfuJhodk@aomyk*~dKvfa=umihf jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;wdk@rSm rsKd;cspfpdwfwdk;wuf&ihfoefapvdrhfrnf[k ,Hk=unfa=umif;/ &J a bmf r sm; Tt}ud r fo nf 'k w d, t}udr f a jrSm uf ausmif; om;&J a bmft csif ;csif ; awGŒqHkpka0;aqG;aEG; jcif;jzpfa =umif; ponfjzihf ajym=um;cJhonf? xdknDvmcHrSpI ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udAk [de;f . acgif;aqmifrp_ Grf;&nfonf ydrk kd xif&Sm;vmcJah vonf? xdk@aemuf 1937-38 wGif udAk [de;f onf &efuek w f uUov kd f ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ (wuo) ESihf ArmEdik if EH ikd fiv H ;kH qdik f&m ausmif;om; rsm;or*~ (Auo) . tvkyt f r_aqmif tzGŒJ 0ifjzpfvmonf?1937 - 38 wGif AuorS oH;k vwpf}urd x f w k af 0onhf "rsK;d !Ge@f " r*~Zif; t,f'w D mtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? udkA[def;onf pmay0goemxHkI *DwudkjrwfEdk;onf? umvay: Armh*Dw tajctaeudk prf;0g;rdoljzpfonf? q&m'k*kefwm&mu ol. "¶kyfyHkv$m" pmtkyfwGif "udkA[def; odk@r[kwf uAsm" acgif;pOfwyfI "tu,fI udkA[def;onf EdkifiHa&; orm;rjzpfvSsif {uefpma&;q&m tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

wpfa,mufjzpfrnf[k u|efawmfxifonf? olonf pmayudv k nf; tifrwef0goemygonf? um;vfrwfpf. uGefjrLepfpmay y&d,wWdudkomr[kwf/ tEkpmayponfudkvnf; zwfol jzpfonf? ¶k&Sm;pma&;q&m}u;D a*:uDudk oltawmf}udKufonf? wcguolonf aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&uftwGif;Y wuUodkvfor*~wGif&SdpOf/ a*:uD.0wˆKwdkwpfyk'fudk ArmvdkqDavsmfatmif bmom jyefzl;onf? olonf u|efawmhf a&SŒwGifyif 0wˆKwdkudka&;avonf? ol.0wˆKonf xdktcgu emrnfxGufpjyKvsuf&Sdaom vufa&G;pifr*~Zif; wGifygonf? (vufa&G;pifr*~Zif;udk pwifwnfaxmifol t,f'DwmrSm *sme,fausmfwGif r=umc%a&;avh&aSd om uG,v f eG o f l tqef;q&m}u;D jzpfonf?) udAk [de;f a&;aom 0wˆKw. kd trnfrSm "avvGihfol" jzpfI ypPnf;rJhtcsif;csif; qif;&Jaomb0 tauGŒ Y awGŒqHkum &if;ESD;cifrifyHk obm0udk jyxm;aomiwfrGwf jcif; bGŒJ wpfyk'fjzpfavonf? '*kefr*~Zif;wGifyg0ifaomol. "b0c&D;" trnf&Sd0wˆKwdkum; 0wˆKwdk*k%fESihf =uG,f0jynhfpHkvSonf? ukvm;-Arm t"du¶k%f;udk aemufum;cHum qif;&JrGJawaom yef;csDq&moli,fcsif;ESp fa,muf. arwWmESihf iwfrGwfjcif;ta=umif;udka ygif; pyfI a&;om;xm;onf ? onf t xJw G i f t&if ; &S i f pepf . pm&d w W u dk v nf ; od r f a rG Œ pGm xnhfoGif;xm;ao;onf? xGe;f at;pmtkyjf zef@csad &;XmerSxkwaf 0aom ""e&Siaf omu" um; xif&mS ;onf? "e&Sifaomuonf uGefjrLepf0g'udk rsKd;aphcsay;aom opfaphaumif; waphjzpfonf? &Sif;vif;jywfom;I vSonf? TpmtkyfwGif udkA[def;onf ta&;tom;Y Edik feif;uGsrf;usif a=umif; az:=uGm;xm;av.? olonf pma&;aumif;ol wpfa,mufjzpfonf? t*Fv d y f a jy;umeD ; ol a xmif r uscif u csm;vf ' pf u if ; . emrnf a usmf "arS s mf w vih f v ih f " 0wˆ K }uD ; ud k "vl @ tvk d " trnf j zih f a&;zl ; onf ? od k @ aomf wdki;f jynfysucf dkuEf Sihf =uHKojzihf pmrsufESm (60) ausmfom yHkESdy+f yD;pD;&ao;onf? tu,fI 0wˆKtwGuo f mvSsif jref rmpmayavmuwGif ausmaf pmxif&mS ;OD;rnhf 0wˆKaumif;wpfy'k f jzpfavonf? olonf EdkifiHa&;udpPrsm;jzihf tvkyf¶_yfaeav&m wazmif¶dkufaepOf aemuf wpfazmif qufpED ikd &f ef yef;qd;k wef;&Sd xGe;f at; pmtkyjf zef@csda&;Xme tvkyfcef;wGifxkid fum a&;ay;aom0wˆKjzpfonf? ol@rSm 0wˆKa&;q&m}uD; wpfa,muf jzpfEdkifaomvuQ%mawG trsm;}uD;&Sdonf? odk@aomf jrefrmjynfudk vGwfvyfcsifaompdwf/ qdk&S,fvpfEdkifiHawmf wnfaxmifvdkaompdwfu jyif;xefvGef;vSojzihfom ausmif;om;b0uwnf;uyif axmifus qif;&JtepfemcHum EkdifiHa&;orm;jzpfvm&jcif;jzpfayonf? "ZrŠLuGsef;vHk;" oDcsif;udk *DwY twef0g&ihfolrsm;om &ayonf? udkA[def;onf ZrŠLuGsef; vHk; oDc sif;cHudk tptqH k;yif qdk Ekdifonfr Sm tHh=ozG ,faumif;avonf? 42

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

ZrŠLuGsef;vHk;onf *Dw0daom"eDusrf;Y wpfrsufESmausmf&Snfvsm;onf? at0rf;"gwfjym;rsm;vdk olonfESpfoufonf? jynfvSazqdkaom ewf&Sifaemif oDcsi;f udk wl&, d mwD;r_wo f al wGwikd f; wD;cdik ;f avh &So d nf? ewf&Siaf emifxrJ mS "ay:aEGvvSsi"f &wkudk r&w&jzihf nnf;onf? 'dk&moef;at; "bdvyfjyefoef;". "avSuav;"udkvnf; oltawmfoabmusonf? wuUov kd &f mZ0if uxduOD;b!Ge@f oDqkd "gwjf ym;oGi;f aom "qkx;l &G,"f oDcsi;f udk olonf"gwfjym;rxGufcifuwnf;u &aeonf? OD;b!Gef@rSm udkA[def;ESihfc&m OD;b!Gef@ wa,mav;ESihf qdkavh&Sdonfukd em;jzihfrSwf=um;um &ae[efwlavonf? udkA[def; um; tjcm;EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;vdk r[kwf? EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;ESihfomr[kwf/ tEkynmorm;awG ESihfvnf; cifrifaygif;oif;oljzpf avonf?" [lI a&;om;xm;avonf? ocifA[def;onf EdkifiHa&;pmayomru tEkpmay (&opmay)/ 0wˆK/ aqmif;yg;rsm;udk '*Hkr*~Zif;/ e*g;eD *sme,fEiS fh vufa&G;pifr*~Zif;wd@k wGif a&;om;cJo h nf? tif;pdefwGi;f Y tusOf;usc&H pOftwGi;f ""e&Sifavmu" (1939) ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk (1939) urBmppfESihf Armaemifa&; (1939) pmtkyfrsm; a&;om;cJhonf? xdk@aemuf 1938 - 39 wGif wuo taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&Guf aepOf wuoESihf Auo ESpfzGJŒvHk;.OuUXjzpfol ocifatmifqef; ausmif;om;b0rS wd@k Armtpnf;t&H;k udk 0ifa&mufomG ;&m 'kw, d OuUÏ udv k aS &$ (aq;ausmif;om; tm%m&Sif udkvaS &$) ud, k fpm; OuUÏtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? xdkodk@wm0ef,l aqmif&GufaepOf 1938 Edkif0ifbmv 30 &ufwGif a&eHajr vkyfom;oydwfwyf}u;D onf &efuek +f rKd Œod@k csw D ufvm&m rauG;+rKd Œta&mufwGif tm%mydkif rsm;. [ef@wm;r_a=umihf a&eHajrtvkyform;rsm; qufvufcsDwuf&ef tcuftcJrsm; =uHKawGŒ ae&pOf wdk@Armtpnf;t&Hk; XmecsKyfESihf ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ acgif;aqmifrsm; tpDtpOfjzihf ausmif;om;or*~OuUÏ udkA[def;ESihf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkAaqG (aemif0ef}uD;csKyf) ESpfOD; rauG;odk@oGm;a&mufcJh=uonf? 1938 'DZifbm 12 wGif rauG;+rdKŒ rJx;D ausmif;wdkuf oydwaf rSmufa&eHajrtvkyo f rm;rsm;w&m;yGJukd ocifpk;d / ocifxed f0if;/ ocifazoef;wdk@ESihftwl udkA[def;onf w&m;a[mcJhonf? w&m;yGJwGif or*~OuUÏ udkA[def;u "jrif;cGmwpfcsufaygufvSsif rD;[kef;[kef;axmuf&rnf" [k =uHK;0g;cJh&m Ekdiif HtESH@ysHŒoGm;avonf? w&m;yGJt+yD;wGif ocifpdk;/ ocifxdef0if;/ udkAaqG/ ocifazoef;wdk@ESihftwl ocifA[de;f onf zrf;qD;cH&+y;D rauG;w&m;¶Hk;u axmif'%f 3 vcsrSwI f tif;pdeaf xmifo@dk csufcsif;v$Jajymif;cJhonf? ,if;odk@ or*~OuUÏ udkA[def;ESihf twGif;a&;rSL; udkAaqGwdk@udkzrf;qD;r_a=umihf tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

'kw, d OuUÏ udv k aS &$ (aemiftm%m&Siv f aS &$) ESifh or*~acgi;f aqmifrsm; ?;aqmifrj_ zihf 1938 ausmif;om;oydwaf y: ayguv f monf? 1938 'DZifbmv 15 &ufae@wGif or*~O;D aqmifI ausmif; om;rsm;yk ' fr 144 udkqef@usifum &efu ke f+ rdKŒwGi f; vSnfv nfqENjyonf? jynfol@vGwfvyfr_udk csKyfcs,fonhf w&m;Oya'rsm; y,fzsufa&;/ or*~OuUÏ udkA[def;ESihf twGif;a&;rSL; udkAaqGwdk@udk tjrefv$wfay;a&; awmif;qdkcJh=uonf? awmif;qdkcsufrsm; r&ojzihf 'DZifbmv 20 wGif &efuek fwuUodkvftygt0if &efukef+rdKŒ&Sd ausmif;aygif;pHk ausmif;om; xku t wGi;f 0efrsm;&Hk; (aemif0ef}uD;rsm;¶Hk;) udk0dkif;I oydwfwm;qENjyonf? jrif;pD;ykvyd rf sm; ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;udk t=urf;zuf+zKd ciG ;f I ¶du k Ef u S o f jzihf ykvyd rf sm;. &dkufESufcH&onhf'%f&ma=umihf 1938 'DZifbmv 22 wGif reuf 1 em&D 25 rdepfwGif *syq f ifaumvdyf ausmif;om;udkatmifausmf &efuek faq;&Hk}uD;wGif uG,fveG fc&Jh avonf? 'DZifbm 27 &ufwiG f ta&;awmfykt H wGif; toufay;cJ&h onhf ausmif;om;or*~ acgif;aqmif udkatmifausmf. psmyetcrf;tem;udk usif;y&m tif;pdefaxmifwGif;rS or*~OuUÏ udkA[def;u udkatmifausmftm; csD;usL;*k%fjyKpmudk a&;ydk@cJhonf? xdk@aemuf udkA[def;onf tusOf;axmifrS vGwfajrmuf+yD;aemuf bDatpmar;yGJ rajzawmhbJ EdkifiHa&;avmuodk@ tcsdefjynhf0ifa&muf aqmif&Gufonf? 1939 rwfvwGif udkA[de;f onf '*kefwm&mESit fh wl w¶kw-f jrefrme,fpyfo@kd oGm;cJhonf? vrf;yef;tajctae aumif;ygu w¶kwjf ynfbufo@kd ul;I trSwf 8 wyfeaD wmf (8th Route Red Army) &So d nhf taemufajrmufjynfe,fukd oGm;a&muf &efjzpfonf? od@k aomf olw@kd ESpOf ;D onf &Sr;f jynfy'k rf 10 jzihf wm;qD;cH&I erRwl+rdKŒrS jyefvSnhfvm&onf? ,if;aemuf 1939 =o*kwf 15 wGif prf;acsmif;+rdKŒe,f ajreDukef;/ ajrEkvrf;trSwf (14) udkA[de f;aexdkifonhftdrfwGif ocifatmifqef;/ ocifvSaz (aemuf Adkvfvusfm)/ ocifpdk;/ &JabmfemhwmESihftwl udkA[def;onf ajratmuf uGefjrLepfygwD tjrKawygwu D kd vSsKdŒ0SufzGJŒpnf;cJhonf? ppfudkif; [efwif. jrefrmhvw G v f yfa&;odk@ pmtkyf pm 320 Y ajratmufueG jf rLepfygwDukd &efuek +f rdKŒ ta&SŒydkif; 49 vrf;/ tdrfeHygwf 188 Y ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk zGJŒpnf;onf[lI az: jy xm;onf? 1939 pufwifbmv 1 &ufae@wGif zGJŒpnf;aom ArmhxGuf&yf*dk%f;wGif ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifwpfOD;tjzpf udkA[def;onf yg0if cJhonf? 1940 rS 1941 txd jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmwGif bmomjyeft,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&GuI f EdkifiHa&;tcsdefjynhf aqmif&Gufco Jh nf? 1940 jynhfE Spf wG if q&mtwwfoifa usmif; ol rcif }uD ;ESi h fv ufxyf+yD; ZeD;armifEHES pS ?f ODpvH;k wd@k Armtpnf;t¶H;k 0ifa&mufc&hJ m ocifA[de;f trnfwiG cf o hJ nf? 1940 jynhEf pS f rwfv 12 &ufae@wGif tdE, dN uGe*f &ufygw0D if zdw=f um;csuft& ocifatmifqef;/ 44

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

ocifoef;xGe;f / ocifwifarmif (yef;waemf)/ ociftek f;jrihf (wd;k wufa&;)/ ocifcifatmif/ ociftkef;az (0g;c,fr)/ ocifAoGif/ qif*ky`wm;/ &efukefwuUodkvfrS udkxGef;&SdefESihftwl ocifA[de;f onf tdENd,Edik if H &rf;*g; (Ramgarh) Yusi;f yonhf tdEd, N trsK;d om; uGe*f &uf ESpyf wfvnftpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufco Jh nf? ocifA[def;onf 1940 jynhfESpf Zlvdkifwwd,ywfwGif wuUodkvfor*~Y wdk@Armtpnf;t&Hk;ESihf ausmif;om;or*~acgif;aqmifrsm; ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf Edki fiHjcm;tultnD&Sm azGa &; vSsKdŒ0Suftpnf;ta0;udk wufa &mufc Jhonf? tqdkyg tpnf;ta0;Y EkdifiH jcm; tul tnD&SmazG&ef ocifatmifqef; ESihf ocifausmfpdefwdk@udk a&G ;cs,fw m0efa y;tyfc J ho nf ? aemufy dk i f ; wG if ocifa usmfpde f tpm; ocifv S+ rd Kif tm;a&G;cs,fcJhonf? 1940 jynh f E S p f 'D Z if b mvwG i f &ef u k e f w uU o d k v f o r*~ Y usif ; yonh f ArmhEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHwGif &Jabmf*dk &S,fESihftwl ""e&Sifc&D;pOf oabmw&m;" ESihf "abm*aA'tpGef; xGufwefzdk;" wdk@udk a[majymydk@csonf? 1941 rwf 10 wGif yJcl;+rdKŒ Y usif;yonhfyOPrt}udrfajrSmuf EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m wdk@Armtpnf; t¶kH; . 'kwd,t}udrft pnf; ta0;wGif jynfol@ta&;awmfyHky gwDudk jynfwGif;tzGJŒESifh ta0;a&muftzGJŒ[lI ESpfydkif;cGJ+y;D zGJŒpnf;&m jynfwGif;tzGJŒudk ocifjrtm; vnf;aumif;/ ta0;a&muftzGJŒudk ocifatmifqef;tm; vnf;aumif; acgif;aqmif&ef wm0efay;tyfcJhonf? jynfwGif;tzGJŒonf tjrihfqHk;tm%mydkiftzGJŒ jzpfI ta0;a&muf tzGJŒonf jynfwGif;tzGJŒ. vufatmufcHjzpfonf? jynfwGif;tzGJŒ. XmecsKyfwm0efcH tr_ aqmifrsm;rSm ²²² ocifjr (OuUÏ) ocifcspf (twGif;a&;rSL;) ocifAaqG (ppfa&;XmeESihf pnf;&Hk;a&;XmrSL;) OD;ausmf+idrf; (axmufvrS f;a&;ESihf Edik fiHjcm;qufoG,af &;rSL;) e*g;eDOD;xGef;a&$ (pnf;&Hk;a&;rSL;) ocifA[def; (0g'jzef@csda&;rSL;) udx k eG f;tk(H wuUov dk o f r0g,r) (b¾ma&;rSL;) wdk@jzpfonf? ocifA[def;onf jynfwGif;tzGJŒ. 0g'jzef@csda&;rSL;taejzihf "ta&;awmfyHk"/ "ArmhawmfvSefr_"/ pD;yGm;a&;pmapmifrsm;udk uGefjrLepfyg wDtrnfjzihf vSsKdŒ0Sufjzef@csdonf? 1940 =o*kwf 8 wGif w&kwEf idk fiH trdGKi+f rKd Œod@k vSsKŒd 0SufomG ;aom ocifatmifqef; ESihf ocifvS+rdKif (aemifAdkvf&efatmif) wdk@onf trdGKifrSwqihf *syefEdkifiHudk wdkusKd+rdKŒodk@ 1940 Edkif0ifbm 12 wGif a&muf&SdoGm;cJhonf? ,if;aemuf 1941 rwf 4 wGif *syefEdkifiHrS tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

vSsKdŒ0Sufjyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmaom ocifatmifqef;udk &efukef+rdKŒ ouFef;uGsef;+rdKŒe,f&Sd jcHwpfjcHY ajratmufawmfvSefa&;wm0efcHrsm;jzpf =uonhf ocifjr/ ocifcspf/ ocifAaqG/ OD;ausmf+idrf;/ ocifA[def;wdk@ESihf vSsKdŒ0SufawGŒqHkaqG;aEG;cJh=uonf? xdk@aemuf ocifA[def;onf ocifjr.OD;aqmifr_atmufwGif vSsKdŒ0Sufwm0ef xrf;aqmifaepOf 1941 atmufwdkbmvwGif +AdwdoSstpdk;&. umuG,fa&;yk'frjzihf zrf;qD;jcif;cH&onf? 1942 Zefe0g&DvwGif ocifA[de;f tm; rEWav;axmifok@d ajymif;a&$ŒcH& onf? xdkpOftwGif; rEWav;odk@ 1942 {+yDv wGif w&kwfjynf orRwcsefau&Sdwf. t=uHa y;t&m&Sd *sife &,f yD tufp f0rf ; qdko l a&muf& Sdv m+yD; *syefq ef @usifa &; ocifacgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf=uonhf ocifEk/ ocifpdk;/ ocifausmfpdef/ ocifA[def;wdk@ESihf aqG;aEG;+y;D t*Fvyd t f pd;k &.cGijfh yKcsujf zihf rEWav;axmifrS vGwaf jrmufc=hJ uonf? ,if;aemuf rEWav;rSw qihf w&kwfjynfo@kd toGm; ar+rKd Œ (jyifO;D vGi)f awmifajcta&mufwiG f vm;&_;d udk *syefwyfrsm ;u odrf;ydkuf vdkuf+yD[k owif;=um;&ojzihf aemufa=umif;jyefvSnhfI rEW a v;axmif o d k @ jyef v nf a &muf & S d o G m ;cJ h o nf ? 1942 arv 1 &uf a e@wG i f rEWav;axmifukzd Giahf y;ojzihf ocifA[def;onf o cifE/k ocifausmpf ed f/ ocifp;dk wdk@ESift h wl jyefvnfvGwaf jrmufoGm;cJhonf? vGwfajrmufonfESihf ocifA[def;onf ZeD;rcif}uD; cif}uD;ESihf ol@rdbrsm; &Sad eonht f if;0od@k vdkufoGm;cJo h nf? 1942 ZGev f qef;wGif AdkvfcsKyaf tmifqef;/ Adv k v f usmf / ocifoef;xGef;wdk@ tr&yl&+rdKŒodk@a&muf&Sdvm+yD; ocifA[def;ESihfawGŒqHk+yD; zufqpf*syef qef@usif a&;ta=umif; aqG;aEG;=uonf? ocifA[de;f onf tdE, dN Edik if &H dS r[mrdwfwyfrsm;ESifh tquftoG,f,lonhf ocifp dk; / udko def;az/ ocifwifa &$ (ausmufq nf) wdk@ESihf vSsKŒd 0SufawGŒqHkcho J nf? ,if;aemuf 1943 pufwifbmvwGif t"dywd a'guw f mbarmfu ocifA[de;f udk tvkyform;0ef}uD;XmetwGif;0eftjzpf cef@ tyfvdkufonf? wcsdefwnf;rSmyif acGs;wyf (tvkyform;wyf) wGif wm0efcHcef@vdkufonf? ocifA[def;onf ol@qENudkrar;bJ Todk@&mxl;cef@xm;jcif;udk rauseyfojzihf &Hk;rwufbJaecJhonf? olwdk@vifr,m;onf tvkyfr&Sd/ 0ifaiGr&Sdjzpfaeojzihf =um;rS raeEdkif=uonhf ocifEkESihf ocifoef;xGef;wdk@u a'gufwmbarmfudkcsOf;uyf+yD; tvkyfwae&m&atmifajymay;=uonf? Todk@ jzihf ocifb[def;onf EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}u;D ocifEk.&Hk;wGif 'kw, d twGif;0ef&mxl;udk &&Scd o Jh nf? aep&mr&Sdojzihf ocifEk.jcH (,ck qD'dk;em;[dkw,f) 0if;xJwGif wJxdk;aecJh&onf? 1944 arvwGif ocifA[def;onf ZeD;onf/ zcif}uD;wdk@udkygac:+yD; ocifEk udkyifrwdik yf ifbJ ocifp;kd yke;f atmif;aeonhf uGr;f jcu H ek ;f od@k wdww f qdwf ajrvSsK;d oGm;cJo h nf? uGrf;jcHukef; tif;*vHk;&Gm qefpufydkif&Sif OD;zdk;xGef;tdrfwGif ocifpdk;ESihf aqG;aEG;cJhonf? 46

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

ocifA[de f;wdk@ ZeD; armifESH ,ckuJhodk@ ajrvSsKd;oGm ;onhftwGuf ocifEkrausreyf jzpfaea=umif; od&ojzihf ocifA[def;wdk@onf ocifEkjcHxJodk@jyefvmI usef;rma&; ta=umif;jyum &mxl;rSEkwfxGuI f jzL;e,fbufodk@ ajrvSsKd;cJhjyefonf? jzL;e,fwGif ocif oef;az/ ocifodef;armif (aemif&Jabmfjr)/ udkarmifarmif (aemif?;jrihfaqG)/ armifarmifpdef ponhf zufqpfqef @usifa&; &Ja bmfr sm;udk Ekdi fi Ha&;oif wef; ay;+yD; e,fv lxku dk *syefawmfvSefa&;twGuf ocifA[def;onf v_HŒaqmfpnf;¶kH;cJhonf? 1944 =o*kwf 4 rS 7 txd yJc;l +rKd Œ bD'Dat cHjywyf&if;&Sd Adkvaf usmaf ZmaetdrfwiG f Adv k cf sKyf atmifqef;/ ocifp;dk / ocifoef;xGe;f wdk@ESifh awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;I zufqpfwu dk zf suaf &; tzGJŒcsKyf zGJŒpnf;a&;oabmwlI =o*kwf 23 &efukef+rdKŒ uefawmf}uD;ywfvrf; (,ckewf armufvrf;) ESifh Adkvjf rwfxeG f;vrf;axmih&f Sd Adkvcf sKyfaetdyfY Armhwyfrawmf uGejf rLepfygwD/ jynfo@l ta&;awmfykyH gwD acgi;f aqmif rsm;awGŒqHk&ef zufqpfwdkuzf sufa&; jynfo@l tzGŒJ csKyf (zwy) Anti-Fascist Organization (AFO) zGJŒpnf;I zwy A[dkOD;pD;tzGJŒ0if tjzpf wm0ef,lco Jh nf? zufqpf awmf v Se fa &;wGi f ocifA [de f ;wdk @ ZeD; armif E SH onf udk x Ge f; vd_ i f/ roef;jriht f rnfjzihf awmifial jymufusm; ppfwm0efct H jzpf zufqpfw@kd udk &Gy&f yG cf sG cH sG w H u kd cf &hJ m ocifA[def;acgif;aqmifonhf ajymufusm;wyfrsm;u *syefppfonf 2000 ausmf usqHk; cJhonf txd wdkufcdkufEdkifcJhonf? *syefoHk@yef; 600 wdk@udkvnf; vuf&zrf;qD;rdcJh+yD; *syefppfvufeuf tajrmuftrsm;udk odrf;qD;EdkifcJhonf? Todk@ ppfa &;pGr f; aqmifr _a =umihf ocifA [def; udk Adkvfc sKyfa tmifq ef;u Adkvrf LS ;}u;D tqihf cef@tyfcaJh omfvnf; Armhwyfrawmfu uGejf rLepfygwDukd txifvrJG nfp;kd I jiif;y,fcJhonf? zufqpfawmfveS af &;+y;D aemuf ocifA[def;onf uGejf rLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwD0if/ tvkyform; or*~OuUÏ/ zufqpfwdkufzsufa&; jynfol@vGwfvyfa&;tzGJŒcsKyf (zwyv) A[dkOD;pD;tzGJŒ0iftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? xdkodk@aqmif&GufaepOf Xufzsm;a&m*gESihf qif;&Jyifyef;r_ '%f&mrsm;a=umihf usef;rma&;csKdŒwJhvmonf? usef;rma&;twGuf tem;r,lbJ uGefjrLepfygwDESihf jynfol@ta&;awmf yHkygwD yl;aygif;a&;/ uGefjrLepfygwD ESpfjcrf;ruGJa&;twGuf rem;rae aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1945 =o*kwf 19 wGif &efukef+rdKŒ uefawmf}uD;apmif;&Sd aeol&defuZmwf&HkY zwyvrS}u;D rSL;usi;f yonhf vlxktpnf;ta0;udk wufa&mufI zwyv A[dOk D;pD;tzGŒJ 0if 1946 Zefe0g&D 17 rS 18 txd &efukef+rdKŒ a&$wd*HkapwDawmf tv,fypP,H zqyv jynf vHk;uGswfnDvmcHwGif udk,pf m;vS,fpDppfa&;tzGJŒ0if/ 1946 azaz:0g&Dv 22 rS rwf & xd usif;yaom uGefjrLepfygwD A[dak umf rwDtpnf;ta0;u obmywdocifA[de;f trnfjzihf tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

ygwDwiG ;f *k% d f;cGJr_usL;vGeo f nhf ocifp;dk .wynh&f if; 7 OD;udk ygwDrSxw k f y,fcJhonf? 1946 rwf 10 &ufwGif ocifpdk;OD;aqmifI ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS uGefjrLepfygwD (Armjynf) (tvHeDygwD) cGJxGuf oGm;cJhonf? ocifA[def;rSm ocifoef;xGef;/ udkodef;az (ygwD taxGa xGt wGi f ;a&;rS L;) wd k@ESi hf twl Armjynfu Gefj rLepfy gwD (t vHj zLygwD ). ygwDA[dkaumfrwD0iftjzpf usef&pfcJhonf? ygwDuGJ+yD;aemuf ocifA[def;. usef;rma&;rSm wjznf;jznf; qdk;0g;vmcJh&m ygwDrScGihfawmif;I rEWav; rdb&yfxH jyefIaeonf? xdk@aemuf rEWav;aq;&Hk}uD;wGif wufa&mufukoaepOf 1946 Edk0ifbm 1 Y zqyvtzGJŒcsKyfu ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk xkwf y,fvu kd o f nho f wif; =um;od&+y;D aemuf pdwx f cd u kd u f m 1946 Edki0f ifbm 20 Ak'[ < ;l ae@ (touf 30 t&G,f) wGif rEWav;aq;&Hk}uD;Y uG,fvGefcJhavonf? uG,fvGefpOfu ZeD;rcif}u;D usef&pfco Jh nf? rcif}u;D ESihf om;wpfa,mufxGef;um;cJah omfvnf; om;rSmi,f pOfuyif uG,v f eG foGm;cJhonf? ocifA[def;uG,fvGefa =umif; owif;=um;odonfESihf Adkvfc sKyfatmifqef; rEWav;odk @a&mufv mum aq;&Hk wGi f ocifA [de f;.&ky f tavmif ;ud k twef= um awGawG}uD;=unhf+yD; rnfol@udkrS E_wfrqufbJ jyefoGm;cJhonf? ocifA[def;. psmyeudk rEWav; EdkifiHa&;/ vlr_a&;toif;tzGJŒrsm;u crf;em;pGmvdkufyg ydk@aqmifI ocifA[def; &kyfuvmyfudk rEWav;-tr&yl&oGm; um;vrf;ab;&Sd tmZmenf (17) OD;ocsKõif;wGif *loGif;o+*õK[fcJhavonf? (ocifb[def;udk *loGif;o+*dK[f ae&mtrSefonf &[kdif;okomef jzpfonf?)

oef;0if;vdSKif (rdk;rc rD'D,mrS)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

ocif pdwfvm; u|ef pdwfvm; odef;jrifhndK (acsmuf)

"ukdazcif cifAsm;ukd u|eaf wmf ajymp&m&Sw d ,f? awmfveS af &;orm; qkw d m oH;k rsK;d oH;k pm; &Sw d ,f? cifAsm;odvm;? yxr wpfrsK;d u vufeuf ukid +f y;D wkdu&f w J ,f? owf&J jzwf&J taocH&w J ,f? 'kw, d trsK;d tpm;u vufeuf ukid +f y;D rwku d &f J rckdu&f /J rowf&/J rjzwf&b J ;l / taovnf; rcH&Jbl;? 'gayrJh wpf&Gm0if wpf&GmxGuf tyifyef;cH/ tqif;&J cH+yD; pnf;¶Hk;a&; vkyEf ikd w f ,f? pm;p&m &&ifpm;/ r&&if rpm;bJ ZGeJ yJe@J tiwfcEH idk w f ,f? wwd, trsK;d tpm;u wkdufvnf; rwkduf&J/ taovnf; rcH&J/ tyifyef; tqif;&J tiwftjywfvnf; rcHEkdifbl;? cyfa=umha=umhav; 0wfpm;+yD;/ OD;aESmuf oHk;+yD; wkdif;jynftwGuf bmvkyfay;&rvJ/ vkyfay;Ekdifw,f qkdwJh vlpm;rsKd; jzpfw,f" 'Dpum;ukd ajymcJhwJh oluawmh trsKd;om;acgif;aqmif}uD; OD; atmifqef; (AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;)yJ jzpfygw,f? 1946 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv(20) &ufae@rSm usif;ywJh a&$w*d t kH v,fypP,H vlxak [majymyGrJ mS &Sr;f jynfe,f twGuf tqdk wifoiG ;f cJw h hJ OD;azcifudk AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u awG@qHk+yD; txufyg pum;ukd ajymcJhwmyg? OD;azcif qkdwm yifvHkpmcsKyf csKyfqkdwJh yGJrSm yg0if cJhwJh orkdif;0ifyk*~dKvf wpfOD; jzpfygw,f? jrefrmhorkid ;f a=umif;ukd ajym&&if/ txl;ojzifh yifvn kH v D mcH ta=umif; ajym&r,f tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

qk&d if OD;azcifw@dk / OD;wif{wk@d ukd csev f yS fypfchv J @dk r&ygb;l ? wpfenf; ajym&&if jynfaxmifpkae@ jzpfay:vmcJ&h wm uk, d Ef _u d u f OD;azcifwd@k / OD;wif{wk@d &JŒ vHk@vya,m*awGe@J ruif;cJhygbl;? orkdif;a=umif;ukd jyef+yD; aumuf&r,f qkd&ifawmh t&Snfom;uvm;? OD;azcifqkdwmu AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ &efukef wuUokdvfrSm ausmif;twl aecJhzl;ygw,f? OD;azcifu wuUokdvfukd AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;xuf wpfESpaf pm+y;D a&mufyg w,f? wuUodkvrf Sm twlqHkcJh=uwJh oli,fcsif;awGyg? 'Dae&mrSm wpfck owdxm;rdwm &Sdygw,f? vGwfvyfa&; t}udKumvawGrSm ay:aygucf w hJ hJ Ekid if hH acgi;f aqmifawG xJrmS vlrsK;d a&;cGjJ cm;r_/ bmoma&; cGjJ cm;r_ vH;k 0 r&Scd yhJ gb;l ? jrefrmEkid if rH mS vlrsK;d aygif;(135)rsK;d &Sw d ,fv@dk owfrw S f xm;ayr,fhvnf; wu,fh rsKd;cspfyk*~dKvf ppfppfawGuawmh 'gukd wpfajrxJae/ wpfa&xJaomuf/ wpfc&D;xJoGm;wJh aoG;csif;om;csif;awG vkd@yJ jrifw,f? vlrsKd;a&; tpGef;a&mufwmrsKd;/ bmoma&; tpGef; a&mufwmrsKd; vH;k 0 r&SdcJh=ubl;? OD;azcifukdyJ =unhfav? OD;azcif[m jrefrmrGwfpvif wpfOD;om jzpfw,f? ol@ukd rEœav;wkdif; a'o}uD;/ aysmfbG,f+rdKŒe,f/ qGJrSefaus;&GmrSm jrefrmouU&mZf 1274 ckESpf/ 0gacgifvjynfhae@ (c&pfESpf 1912 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv 27 &uf)ae@rSm tpPvmrf bmom0if tz OD;AAcefeJ@ trd a':wkww f d@k u arG;zGm; cJw h ,f? jrefrmrGwfpvif wpfa,muf jzpfw,f? 'gayrJh ol@aoG;xJrSm bmoma&; cGJjcm;r_ vHk;0 uif;&Sif;cJhw,f? b,fe,fcsJŒ&JŒ ya,m*rS yl;0ifrcHcJhbl;? b,fbmoma&; acgif;aqmifawG&JŒ t,ltpGJawGrS yl;0if rcHcJhbl;? OD;azcif em;vnf xm;wmu Armvnf; jrefrm/ rGwfpvifvnf; jrefrmvkd@yJ cH,x l m;w,f? wkdif;jynf vGwfvyfa&; twGu/f wkid ;f jynfzH@G +zKd ;a&; twGuf bmoma&;awG/ vlrsK;d a&;awGu t"du tajccH rusbl;? 'Dwidk ;f jynf&JŒ wk;d wuf&m wkd;wufa=umif; twGuf uk, d fwwfEdik w f hJ bufu wpfwyf wpftm; yl;aygi;f yg0if ulnrD ,f qdw k hJ pdwyf J xm;cJw h ,f? usOf;ajrmif;wJh vlrsKd;a&;pdwf/ usOf;ajrmif;wJh bmoma&; pdwf"mwfawG uif;&Sif;cJhw,f? tJ'ga=umihfvnf; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u ol@ukd wkdif;jynf&JŒ ta&;ygwJh tcef;u¾awGrSm yg0if aqmif&Guf apcJhw,f? OD;azcif[m Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef;wk@d / ocifEw k @dk / ocif oef;xGe;f wk@d eJ@ ausmif;om; b0uwnf; u cifrifodusGrf; &if;ESD;cJhw,f? 'gayrJh EkdifiHa&;ukd pdwfr0ifpm;cJhbl;? EkdifiHa&;orm; vkyfzkd@vnf; pdwful; r&SdcJhbl;? 'gayrJh jrefrmEkdifi HvGwfvyfa&;eJ@ twl &Srf;jynfe,f&JŒ tem*wf ta&;ukdawmh pdwf0ifpm;rdw,f? tJ'ga=umihfvnf; a&$wd*Hk tv,fypP,HrSm &Srf;jynfe,feJ@ ywfouf+yD; tqkd wifoGif;&mu AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;&JŒ pnf;¶Hk;r_a=umifh EkdifiaH &; avmuxJ a&mufvmcJh&w,f? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ukd,fwkdifu OD;azcifukd z²q²y²v tzGJ@csKyf tr_aqmif 50

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

tzG@J 0if wpfO;D tjzpf vnf;aumif;/ z²q²y²v OD;pD; tzG@J 0if tjzpf vnf;aumif;/ z²q²y²v tzG@J csKyrf Sm awmifwef;e,f a'o twGi;f a&;rSL; tjzpf vnf;aumif; wm0ef xrf;aqmif&if; yifvHkpmcsKyf taumiftxnf azmfzkd@ ta&;ygwJh tcef;u¾ukd a&mufcJh&w,f? jrefrmEdkifiH vGwfvyfa&; r&cif umvawGwkef;u awmifwef; a'oawG[m Armjynfr}uD;eJŒ ul;vl; qufqHzdk@ tcGihftvrf; r&SdcJh=ubl;? awmifwef;a'oawGukd t*F v dy fe ,f c sJ Œ awG u xde f ; csKyfx m;+yD; apmf bG m ;apmfc H a wGe J @ tk y fc sKyf x m;w,f ? apmfbGm;}uD; awGukdvnf; vky fykdifcGifhtm%m tjynhft0 ay;xm;cJhwmrkd@ awmf¶Hk vli,fawG[m EkdifiHa&; todtjrif wkd;wufzkd@ cufcJvGef;w,f? wuf=uGwJh EkdifiHa&; tjrif&SdwJh vli,fawGukd zdESdyfxm;w,f? txl;ojzifh bdef;awG/ oHk;q,fhajcmufaumif avmif;upm;awGeJŒ &Srf;jynfe,f vlxkukd Ekdifi Ha&;eJ@ uif;a0;atmif aoG;aqmif xm;cJh=uw,f? Ekdiif aH &; tod&SdwJh vli,fawG ay:vm&ifvnf; (Frontier crossing Act) vkd@ac:wJh "e,fjcm; a'oausmfjzwfr_ csKyfukdifa&;Oya'" eJ@ zrf;qD; csKyfaESmifxm;w,fvkd@ od&w,f? rvkdvm;tyfol qkd+yD; e,fESif'%f ay;vkd@&w,f? tJ'ga=umifh &Srf;vli,fawG jynfreJ@ qufqHzdk@qkdwm tvGef tEœ&m,frsm;vSwJh pGef@pm;r_ wpf&yf jzpfcJhw,f? 'gayrJ h wk d ; wuf a om &S r f ; vl i ,fa wG jzpf = uwJ h OD; xGe f; jrif h( vif ; ac;)/ OD;wif{(&Srf;jynf)/ OD;xGef;jrihf (awmif}u;D )/ OD;pHaz/ OD;cGefxD;/ OD;tke;f az/ OD;oef;az/ OD;bwif/ OD;okw/ OD;at;ausmfwkd@[m a&$wd*Hk tv,fypP,H vlxka[majymyGJukd vSsdKŒ0SufpGm wufa&mufvm=uw,f? tJ'D a[majymyGJrSm &Srf;jynfe,f twGuf OD;azcif wifoGif;wJh tqku d kd wpfceJ uf axmufccH =Jh uw,f? OD;azcif wifoiG ;f wJh tqku d awmh "Armjynfr}u;D ukd vGwfvyfa&; ay;&if awmifwef;a'oawGuv kd nf; csefvSyf rxm;&ef/ wpfygwnf; jynfe,f jynfr vGwfvyfa&; ay;&ef" wkd@yJ jzpfygw,f? jrefrmEkdifiH&JŒ vGwfvyfa&; c&D;=urf;}uD;[m ""m;oGm;ay:u ysm;&nfpuf"vkdyJ? vGwfvyfa&; qkdwm csKd+rdefwJh t&om &Sdaumif; &Sdayr,fh "m;oGm;vkd tEœ&m,frsm;wJh tcuftcJ twm;tqD;awGukd jzwfoef; cJh=u&w,f? }uD;rm;wJh twm;tqD;awG xJurS wpfwkdif;jynfvHk;&JŒ pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_eJ@ zufqpf*syefawGudk armif;xkwf Ekid cf w hJ ,f? z²q²y²v tzG@J csKy}f u;D &JŒ rSeu f efwhJ OD;aqmifre_ @J e,fcsJŒt*Fvdyfukd pdefac:cJhw,f? e,fcsJŒt*Fvdyfu jrefrmjynfolvlxkukd aoG;cGJ cJhw,f? jynfe,fjynfr cGJjcm; ypfzkd@ }udK;pm;cJhw,f? awmifwef;a'oawGudk qufvuf xdef;csKyf xm;csifao;w,f? Armjynfr}uD;ukd rwwfomvkd@ vufv$wfvkduf&wJh wkdifatmif jynfe,fawmifwef; a'oawGukdawmh vufv$wfcsif[ef rwlbl;? tJ'g a=umihfvnf; &Srf;apmfbGm;awGukd pnf;¶Hk;cJhw,f? AkdvfcsKyfwkd@ vef'efrSm vGwfvyfa&; twGuf aqG;aEG;cJh=uwJh tcsdefrSmaygh? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

Armjynfrukd vGwfvyfa&; ay;r,f/ awmifwef; a'oawGuawmh olwkd@&JŒ oabmqEN tavSsmufyJ jzpf&apr,fvkd@ ndSE_dif; ae=uw,f? AkdvfcsKyfwkd@uvnf; jynfe,fawmifwef; a'oawG rygbJ vGwfvyfa&; &cJhr,f qkd&ifawmif tJ'D vGwfvyfa&;[m "tawmif rygwJhiSu"f vkdjzpfr,f qkdwm oabmaygufxm;w,f? tJ'ga=umifh jynfe,fawmifwef; a'oawGeJ@ wpfygwnf; vGwfvyfa&;ay;zdk@ awmif;qkdcJhw,f? 'gayrJh tJ'D tcsdefrSmyJ rxifrSwfwJh taESmifht,Suf wpfck 0ifvmw,f? t*Fvdyfe,fcsJŒawG&JŒ aoG;xkd;r_ukd em;a,mifcJhwJh apmfbGm;awGu t*Fvdyf tpkd;&xH a=u;eef;pm ykd@vkduw f ,f? "atmifqef;u igwd@k uk, d fpm;vS,f r[kw/f &Sr;f jynfe,f twGuf bmrS ajymykdifcGifh r&Sd/ &Srf;jynfudpP aqG;aEG;vkdvSsif igwkd@ukd zdwfyg"qkdwJh a=u;eef;pmygyJ? t*Fvdyfeef;&if;0ef tufwvD[m tJ'D a=u;eef;pmukd AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ukd jyvkdufw,f? AkdvfcsKyf em;vnf vkdufw,f? &Srf;jynfe,fukd t*FvdyfawG aoG;cGJvkduf+yD qkdwmukdaygh? &Srf;jynfe,frSm &SdwJh apmfbGm;awGvnf; e,fcsJŒt*Fvdyf&JŒ ya,m* yl;0if cHvu kd &f w,f? "rpm;& 0cref;" rufv;kH awGe@J jynfe,fjynfr aoG;pnf;r_udk aoG;cGv J u dk w f ,f? orkdif;pOfquf aoG;pnf;cJhwJh jrefrmEdkifiHukd t*Fvdyfe,fcsJŒawG ESpfaygif;wpf&m eD;yg; aoG;cGJcJhovkd ,ckvnf; aoG;cGJ vkduf=ujyefw,f? wkd;wufwJh &Srf;vli,fawG[m EkdifiHa&; rsufjcnf jywfrcHcJhbl;? awmifwef; a'oawGeJ@ ArmawG[m aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfr_ &Sdw,f qkdwJh ta=umif; csufcsif; wkH@jyef vku d f=uw,f? &Srf;vli,f ukdwif{(aemif-t+idrf;pm; EkdifiHawmfaumifpD0if)u OD;aqmif+yD; awmif}u;D eJ@ teD;tem; ywf0ef;usif +rdKŒawGrSm vlxk qENjyyGJawG usif;y vkduf=uw,f? "AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf &Srf;jynfe,f tyg t0if awmifwef;a'o tm;vHk;ukd ukd,fpm;jyKonf? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ukd igwkd@ axmufcHonf? Armjynfrukd vGwfvyfa&; ay;vSsif &Srf;jynf tygt0if awmifwef; a'oukdyg wpf+ydKifeufwnf; vGwfvyfa&; ay;yg"qk+d y;D vef'ef tpk;d &xH a=u;eef; jyef¶u dk f vku d =f uw,f? 'DawmhrS t*Fvyd f tpkd;&vnf; &Srf;jynfolvlxk&JŒ oabmxm; trSe fukd od&Sd em;vnfoGm ; w,f? "'Dvkd qkd&if AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ awmifwef; a'oukd,fpm;vS,fawG awG@qHknSdE_dif; aqG;aEG;=uyg? &&SdvmwJh oabmwlnDcsufukd +AdwdoSstpkd;& taeeJ@ vufcHay;ygr,f"qkdwJh tajzukd ay;cJhw,f? 'g[m "atmifqef;tufwvD" pmcsKyf&JŒ a&aomufjrpfyJ jzpfygw,f? e,fcsJŒt*FvdyfawG&JŒ txifuawmh &Srf;Arm aoG;pnf;a&; rjzpfEkdifbl;vkd@ xifc=Jh uw,f? e,fcsŒJ t*Fvyd fu ESpfaygif; wpf&m aoG;cGJ tkycf sKyfxm;wmrkd@ b,fenf;eJ@rS &Srf;Arm oabmwlnrD _ &vdrhrf ,fvd@k rxifrSwfchb J l;? tJ'ga=umifhvnf; AkdvfcsKyaf tmifqef; wkd@ukd ESpfodrfhv$wfvkduf[ef wlygw,f? tufwvDwkd@ xifr,f qkd&ifvnf; xifp&myg? &Srf;jynfe,frSm apmfbmG ;awG/ +rdKŒpm;awG/ aiGcHrSL;awG ukd tcGihfta&; ay;xm;w,f? bdef;eJ@ 52

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

avmif;upm;0kdif;awG zGifh+yD; EkdifiHa&; em;rsufpdawG ydwfxm;cJh+yDukd;? 'Dawmhvnf; Akv d fcsKyfatmifqef;wkd@ wpfawG b,favmufyJ pnf;¶Hk;=uygap atmifjrifvdrhrf ,fvkd@ vHk;0 xifrw S f rxm;cJhb;l ? wu,fawmh e,fcsŒJ qkdwm b,fe,fcsJŒrS oDv rapmihfxed f;=uygbl;? rsufarSmufacwf e,fcsJŒawGvnf; 'DykwfxJu 'DyJawG qkdwm orkdif;oifcef;pm ,lxm;=u zdk@awmh vkdvdrrfh ,f xifygw,f? &Srf;jynfolvlxk&JŒ aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfr_a=umihf "atmifqef;tufwvD"pmcsKyfukd (27² 1² 1947) ae@rSm atmifjrifpGm csKyfqkd EkdifcJhygw,f? 'gayrJh awmifwef;a'oawGeJ@ ndSE_dif; aqG;aEG; &OD;rSmrkd@ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m Armjynfukd csufcsif; jyefvmcJhyg w,f? azazmf0g&Dv(2)&uf a e@rS m Ak dvfc sKyfw kd@ &efuke fukd jyefa &muf vm=u+yD; azazmf0g&v D (8)&ufae@rSm yifvu kH dk xyf+y;D c&D;qufc&hJ w,f? Armjynf vGwv f yfa&; twGuf tcsdefwkdif;[m wefzkd;&Sdaew,f? tJ'ga=umifh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m tcsdefrqkdif;bJ (tem;r,lbJ) &Srf;jynfe,fukd c&D;xGufcJhw,f? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m yifyef;EGrf;e,f ae&r,fh tpm; tem*wf jrefrmEkdifiH&JŒ uH=urRm twGuf wuf=uG &$ifvef;aew,f? azazmf0g&v D (8)&ufae@ naerSmawmh &Srf;apmfbGm;}uD;awG/ ucsifacgif;aqmif}uD;awGudk aysm&f $ifpmG E_wfcGe;f quf+y;D vef'ef tawG@t}uKH awGukd &Si;f vif; ajymjycJw h ,f? wufa&muf vm=uwJh awmifwef;ukd,fpm;vS,fawGuvnf; AkdvfcsKyf&JŒ ¶kd;om; yGihfvif;r_ukd auseyf ESpfodrhaf e=uw,f? aemufwpfae@ yifvHknDvmcHrSm AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m tem*wf jrefrmjynf&JŒ tajctaeukd &Si;f &Si;f eJ@ bGi;f bGi;f yJ ajymjycJw h ,f? ukd,jhf ynfwiG ;f u jy\emukd uk, d t hf csi;f csif; em;vnf cGihfv$wfr_awG eJ@om ajz&Sif;&rSm jzpfwJh ta=umif;/ tarausmf a'G;awmf vGrf;aevkd@ rjzpfa=umif;/ b,fjynfyurS olwkd@ tusKd;pD;yGm; twGuf tusKd;tjrwf r&SdbJ ulnDrSm r[kwfwJh ta=umif;/ aemufqHk; olwkd@ tusdK; twGuf toHk;csoGm;=urSm jzpfwJh ta=umif;? tJ'ga=umihf uk, d t fh csi;f csi;f pnf;vHk; nD!w G fpmG vufw+JG y;D jy\em t&yf&yfudk ajz&Sif;zd@k vkda=umif; ajym=um; oGm;w,f? 'gayrJhvnf; b,favmufyJ apwemrSefrSef/ b,favmufyJ ¶kd;om;r_ &Sdaeygap/ tzsuftarSmifhawGuawmh ay:vmp+rJygyJ? yifvHknDvmcH}uD;[m tpaumif; oavmuf/ taESmif; raocsmawmhr,fh tajctae txd a&mufvmcJhw,f? yifvHknDvmcHrSm OD;aqmif aqG;aEG;=uwJh &Srf;eJ@ ucsifacgif;aqmifawGu "awmifwef;om;rsm; nD!Gwfa&;aumifpD"trnfe J@ awmif; qkdcsufawG awmif;qkd vm=uw,f? (1)jrefrmwkd@ESifh tqifhtwef;wl/ tcGifhtvrf;wl/ &ykdifcGifhwl 'Drkdua&pDusus cHpm;cGifh &Sd&rnf? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

(2) tr_aqmifaumifpDwGif yg0if aqmif&Guf =uaom &Srf;ukd,fpm;vS,fESifh ucsifukd,fpm;vS,f wkd@onf rdrdwkd@vlrsKd; toD;oD;. jynfwGif;a&;&m tm;vHk; twGuf wm0ef,l aqmif&u G =f u&rnf? xkd@tjyif umuG,af &;/ Ekid if jH cm;a&;/ rD;&xm; taumufawmf tp&Sdaom tm;vHk;ESifhqkdifaom udpP&yfrsm; twGuf tm;vHk; pkaygif;um wm0ef,l aqmif&Guf=u&rnf? (3) ucsifwkd@u oD;jcm; ucsifjynfe,f tvkd&Sda=umif; awmif;qkdcsufukd TaumfrwDu axmufcHonf? (4) jrefrmukd,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;ESifh bk&if{u&mZf tpkd;&. oabmwlnDcsuf rsm;onf &Srf;/ ucsifwkd@ESifh rywfoufap&? (5) vGwv f yfa&; &+y;D onhfaemuf jrefrmjynfaxmifpkrS u|Efyk fwkd@ cGJxGuv f kdvSsif u|Ekfyfwkd@ oabmusonfh tcsdefwGif cGJxGuf EkdifcGifh &Sdap&rnf? tJ'D awmif;qkdcsufawGa=umifh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m awmfawmf pdwfysuf oGm;cJhw,f? pnf;vHk; nD!GwfwJh EkdifiHwpfEkdifiH xlaxmifzkd@ twGuf rjzpfEkdifawmhbl;vkd@ ,lqcJw h ,f? vGwfvyfa&;twGuf pnf;vHk;nD!w G fpGm wkduyf J0G if=u&r,fh tpm; awmif;qkd csufawGeJ@ tusyf ukdifcJh=uw,f? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; pdwfysufr,f qkdvnf; pdwfysufp&myg? "rkef@qDausmfu b,fqDaerSef; rodao;bl;? E_wfcrf;emeJ@ wnhfyghrvm;"qkdovkd jzpfae+yD? wkdif;jynfu vGwfvyfa&;awmif r&ao;bl;? cGJxGufzdk@u t&ifqHk; pdwful;ae=uw,f? AkdvfcsKyf atmifqef; taeeJ@ tawmf pdwfukefoGm;cJh[ef wlygw,f? tJ'ga=umifh "cifAsm;wkd@u jynfaxmifpk zGJ@zdk@ rlt&awmifrS oabmrwl&ao;cif cGJxGufa&; pum;ajymwmawmh raumif;ygbl;Asm"vk@d ajymcJhygw,f? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m ucsifacgif;aqmifeJ@ &Srf;apmfbGm;}uD;wkd@&JŒ oabmxm; wif;rmr_a wGa=umifh yifvHkpmcsKyf ysufjy,fvkeD;yg; jzpfoGm ;&wmukd pdwfraumif; jzpfae[efwyl gw,f? &efuek jf yefz@dk av,mOfysH rSm,lcidk ;f wJh txd tjzpftysuaf wGu jrefqef vGef; aeygw,f? &Sr;f jynfvx l v k nf; pk;d &drpf w d af wG 0ifae=u+y?D &Sr;f vli,fawG jzpf=uwJh OD;azcifw@dk / OD;wif{wkd@ wpfawGvnf; ysm,mcwfuek =f u+y?D 'Dyifvn kH v D mcH}u;D om ysuo f mG ;cJrh ,f qk&d if ArmEkdifiHuawmh vGwfvyfa&; &oGm;rSm jzpfayr,fh awmifwef;a'oawG[m t*Fvdyf&JŒ tkyfcsKyfr_atmufrSm ESpfaygif; &maxmif =umwJh txd tzdESdyf cHae&vdrfhOD;r,fvkd@ awG;cJh=uw,f? tJ'ga=umifh 'DyifvHknDvmcH}uD;ukd tysuf rcHEkdifbl;? jyefvnf touf 0ifvmatmif }udK;pm;cJhw,f? tajctaeukd apmihf=unhfae=uwJh ausmif;om;awG/ tzGJ@tpnf;aygif;pHku &Srf;jynfolvlxkawG [m "vGwfvyfa&; csufcsif;ay;"/ "&Srf;Arm 54

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

yl;aygi;f yg"/ "e,fcsŒJ tvkdr&S"d qkw d Jh a=u;G a=umfoaH wGe@J +rdKŒxJrmS vSnv fh nf qENjycJ=h uw,f? ysufjy,fvkeD;yg; jzpfcJh&wJh yifvHknDvmcH}uD; [m wkd;wufwJh &Sr f; vli,f tzGJ@tpnf;awGeJ@ jynfolvlxk&JŒ pGrf;tm;a=umifh jyefvnf vl;vGef@vmcJhw,f? ukd,pf m; vS,fawG tm;vHk; jyefvnf ndSE_dif;cJh=uw,f? wpfzufeJ@ wpfzuf/ wpfOD;eJ@ wpfOD; tavsmt h wif;awGe@J onf;cH Ekid cf h=J uvkd@ yifvpHk mcsKyfukd atmifjrifpmG csKyq f dk Ekid cf =Jh uw,f? wu,fv@dk om awmifwef;a'oawGuvnf; olw@dk &JŒ awmif;qkdcsuaf wGudk vH;k 0 rpGef@v$wo f vkd AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;wk@d jynfrtzGJ@uvnf; tavsmh ray;=ubl; qk&d ifawmh jrefrmEkdifiH&JŒ tvSnhftajymif;[m wpfrsKd;wpfzHk jzpfoGm; Ekdifp&m&Sdygw,f? ArmEkid if u H awmh wpfEpS f twGi;f vGwv f yfa&; &&Srd mS jzpfayr,fh awmifwef;a'o awG&JŒ vGwfvyfa&;uawmh "a&$jynfawmf arSsmfwkdif;a0;"qkdovkd t*Fvdyfe,fcsJŒawG oem;rS csr;f om&r,fh tajctaersK;d txd a&mufomG ;Ekid yf gw,f? ArmEkid fiH taeeJ@uvnf; jynfe,fawmifwef; a'oawG rygbJ vGwv f yfa&;&r,f qkd&ifawmif yx0Dtaetxm;t& vHk+cHKa&;[m t+rJwrf; +cdrf;ajcmuf cH&Ekdifygw,f? bmyJajymajym u|efawmfwkd@ tm;vHk; uHaumif; cJh=uygw,f? tajrmftjrif }uD;rm;wJh acgif;aqmifawG/ tay;t,l rSswwJh acgif;aqmifawG/ pdwfvkduf rmefyg rvkyw f wfwhJ acgif;aqmifawGa=umifh u|eaf wmfwd@k tm;vHk; e,fcsJŒt*Fvyd f vufatmufu vGwfajrmuf cJh&ygw,f? aemufxyf u|efawmfwkd@ tm;vHk; b,fe,fcsJŒ&JŒ vufatmufrSmrS ta&muf rcHvkd=uawmhygbl;? jrefrmEkdifiH[m 0HykavGawG&JŒ tv,frSm a&mufaewJh okd;i,fyrm 'Duae@ yx0Dtaetxm; t& a&muf&dS aeygw,f? tiftm;}u;D EkdifiH}u;D awG&ŒJ tv,frmS "EkdifiHa&; usm;uGu"f ta&$ŒcH& Ekdifygw,f? EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;awGrSm uk, d yf dik f qHk;jzwfykdifcGifh &SdcJhwJh vGwfvyfaom tcsKyftjcm tm%mykdif EkdifiHwpfEkdifiH b0uae+yD; aemufxyf tarSmifwGif;ukd usa&muf roGm;zkd@ qkd&ifawmh jynfaxmifpk wkdif;&if;om;tm;vHk; "yifvHkpdwf"mwf"ckdif+rJzdk@ vkdtyfvaS =umif;yg cifAsm?

odef;jrifhndK (acsmuf)

(messenger news journal

rS jyefvnfaz: jyygonf)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

jyifaygif;&r,hf aumufnSif;aygif; xufjruf

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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"[ift h if; / [ift h if; jzpfEidk f&if aemuf wpfa,mufavmufawmhvkcd sifao;w,f? 'Dtwkdif;qdk om;}uD;wpfa,mufwnf; tazmfr&SdbJaerSm" azaza&m / ararh armifESrawGyg q&m0efawGeJ@ wkdifyif=u /aqG;aEG;=uaygh ? araru eSvHk;aoG;a=umusOf;wJha&m*g / armarmaewm / cGJpdwfukozkd@ pOf;pm;ae =uwJh =um;xJ uav;,lzkd@qdkwmu pGef@pGef@ pm;pm;udpP? "mwfrSef¶kduf / vdktyfwJh usef;rma&; ppfaq;r_awG txyfxyf vkyf+yD;rS ararhqENukd wxdwfxdwfeJ@ vdkufavsm cJh=u&wm? pum;enf;wJh nDav; wpf a,mufuawmh u|efawmfw@dk rdom;pkxJ 0ifciG &hf zdk@ reD;ra0;uae wdwfwdwq f dwfqdwf ADZmapmifah eavovm;rod ? vrf;avSsmufEidk af e+yD qdak yrJh u|eaf wmfu ararhukd qd;k ae=u / c|aJ e=u? "vrf;qif; avSsmufygvm; uG,f ? AdkufxJu nDav;ukd oem;ygw,f aemf ? ararvnf; t=um}uD; b,fcsDEkdifrvJ ? atmufqif;avSsmufaemf om;u vdrRmygw,f" a,mufsm;av; / rdef;uav; rod ao;ayrJh ararhpdwfuom;a,mufsm; av;yJ pGJaew,fxifyg&JŒ? u|efawmfu vnf; ararhAkdufukd em;eJ@uyf+yD; rjrif& ao;wJh nDav; toHudk em;axmif=unhf ao;w,f ? "arar nDav;u tdyfaevm; rodbl;aemf? bmrSr=um;&bl;" araru u|efawmfhacgif;ukd tom yGwfoyfae&if; --"at; ²²²at; / nDav;Ek;d wJt h cg us om;ukdajymr,f ? tckawmh nDav; tdyyf gap om;&,f aemf" ............................... tdyfaevdkuw f m / zvftkyfaqmif; wpfckxJrSm ESmacgif;rSma&m/ vufawGrSm yg ykdufawGwef;vef;eJ@ uav;eDwm&J av; ? "tJ'g om;nDav;"wJh ? av;ESpf om;t&G,fu rSwf^m%fxrJ Sm0k;d w0g; ? araru tdy&f mxufuae ol@om;i,f ukd war;wnf;ar;aevdk@ c%,lvm+yD; jywm ? +yD;awmh zvftkyfaqmif;av;xJ jyefxnfh? ESvHk;a&m*gonf ykyk ao;ao;/ ararh&JŒ rdcifarwWm / ararh&JŒowWd/ tJ'g nDav;&JŒ Zmwdtpaygh ? wu,fawmh nDav;u vmjcif; aumif;aom nDav;y g? nDav;u tvHkom; ? azazu ¶Hk;eJ@eD;atmif tvHkajrmif;}u;D vrf;rSm tdrfiSm;aewm ? ukd,f0eft&ifh trm}u;D eJ@ araru [kdem; 'Dem; vrf;avSsmuf&if; xreJau|;aewJh tdrfwpftdrfem;a&mufawmh "pm;csifvdkufwmav / tdrft0em;xd 0ifoGm;vdkufrdwm ukd,fh bmomukd,fawmif owdrxm;vdkufrd bl; ? &Sufvdkufwm [J²² [J ²² xnhfyg [Jh / Adkuf}uD;onfudk au|;yg ? pm; ²²²pm; 0atmifpm; qdk+yD; twif;ac:au|;vdk@ awmfawmfhudk pm;ypfvdkufw,f"wJh ? arar jyefajymjywm ? "oufowfvGwf xreJrS csifjcif;wyfcJhwJh nDav;" ? tJ'D&ufykdif;yJ Adkufemw,fqdkawmh tdrf&Sifaxmifxm;wJh oHk;bD;um;u a&ueftoihf / =umtoifh? 80

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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wifxm;&w,f ? tJ'g ol@tm;av;eJ@ awGŒu&mawG aumuf+yD;u|efawmfhudk vSrf;vSrf;ypf awmhwmqdkyJ ? wpftdrfvHk;rSmti,fqHk;qdk+yD; uav;vdkxm;=u / cspf=uwJh nDav;ta=umif; awGu acgif;xJrSm tpDt&D ?+yD;awmh [dk;i,fi,fav;uwnf;u nDtpfudk ESpfa,muf wpftdyf&mwnf; ? tdyf&m0ifcgeD;qdkcGvdkuf / nSpfvdkuf / jzpfvdkufeJ@ aqmhaecJh=uwm ? trdajray:rSmawmif &yfa0;roGm;zl;wJn h aD v; ? yifv,f&yfjcm; cG&J +yq D adk wmh &ifxrJ mS wif; usyfqdk@eifhvmwm trSef ? yifv,f&yfjcm; cG&J +yq D kad wmh &ifxJrmS wif;usyq f @kd eifh vmwm trSe?f "tpfu}dk u;D tbt&m" r[kwfvm; ? nDav;u ynma&;uvnf; wkd;vdk;wef;vef; / wwd,ESpfyJ &Sad o;wm ? u|eaf wmfu vSsypf pftif*sief , D m 'Dyvdrk matmif+y;D vd@k wuUov dk q f ufwufwm? wu,fqkd tvky0f ifoifah e+yyD J ? 'gayrJh rdom;pkrmS u|eaf wmfu ^m%faumif;w,f ? pmawmf w,fqdk+yD; t&rf;arSsmfvifhxm;wm qdkawmh u|efawmfhudk rxGufapcsif ? wufaewJh ar*smuvnf; wuUokdvfrSm yxrqHk; pzGihfwJhtokwf / 0ifcGifhtrSwfuvnf;jrihf / tvm; tvmvnf; trsm;}uD;&Sdw,faygh ?nDav;u¶dk;¶dk;ar*sm ? jyefvmrSwuf vnf;&wmyJ? 'DtcGifhta&;u rdom;pk twGufvnf; wu,fhudk rufp&m ? tJ'g eJ@ nDav;wpfa,muf ol@ynma&;udk wpfcef;&yf+yD; a&jcm;ajrjcm; pD;yGm;&SmoGm;&rSm ? azazwdk@ ukr`%D&JŒ tpDtpOfe@J v$wv f u dk w f hJ oufw&l , G w f l vli,fawGu tokid ;f t0kid ;f }u;D }u;D u om;orD;awG? nDav;uawmh pum;omenf;wm rdom;pkb0ukd em;vnf+y;D om;? tJ't D csed f 'DrmS acwftpm;qH;k "wdk,w kd mtufpt f D;" um;wpfp;D ukd *syefa&muf+y;D &Spv f t=umrSm 0,fy@dk vdu k af wmh 0dik ;f +y;D cs;D usL; vdu k =f uwm ? rdom;pkuawmh nDav; twGuf pdk;&drfoGm;w,f ? oHk;oihfwmvnf;oHk; / tm[m&jzpfatmifvnf; pm;zdk@ vSrf;rSm& / ajym&? odyfr=umbl; roGm;cifu tpmtdrfaygufvdk@ AdkufcGJxm;&wmu jyefemvmvdk@ [kdrSm tpmtdrfxJykdufxnhf+yD; twGif;csKyf¶dk;awGyg jyefppf&/ =unhf& w,fqdkawmh tm;vHk; xdwfxdwfysmysm ? awmfygao;&JŒ enf;enf;em+yD; yHrk Sefqufvkyfvdk@&w,fqdkvk@d ? nDav;u tJ'Dvdk rdom;pktwGuf tepfemcHaewJhtcsdefrSm rdom;pkuodyf tm;xm; arSsmv f ifx h m;wJh u|eaf wmfuawmh "oef;av;q,ftwGuf xGe, f uf&r,f" qd+k yD; xGuo f Gm;vdu k w f m? ................. ¶Hk;cef;pm;yGJrSmxkdifaewJh nDav;ukd awGŒvdkufawmh tHhtm;oihfoGm;w,f? wm0ef&Sdolu cyf+yHK;+yHK;eJ@aygh ? "uJ²² ²²²'Dae@awmh cifAsm;vnf; rdom;pkeJ@ aysmfaysmf&$if&$if jyefqHk+yDayghAsm? tcuftcJ&SdwJhtc g/ tultnD vdkwJhtcgvnf; ajymyg? u|efawmf wufEdkifwm ulnDzkd@ 82

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

om'ifudk bmxifovJ vlŒtzGJŒtpnf; armifomcsdK

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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armifomcsdK (7 &uf ae@pOfowif;pmrS jyefvnful;,l az: jyygonf?)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

0wˆKwdk ykwD;ESpfoG,f

jrrOPL OD;bd;k &ifonf uem;zsi;f atmufwiG f ES;D owfae&mrS rdrZd eD;tm; =unfIh +yKH ;rdonf? a':azmhrmS touf 50 ausmfrS rdwqdk; zwqd;k ajr;ruav;udk au|;arG;okwfoifI ae&&Sm onf? orD; ao&GmvdkufI oGm;ojzifh ypfcJhaom ajr;uav;um; bmrSef;rS rod&Sm/ wtdktdk wtmtmjzifh ykcufxJwGif idkIaeonf? "eifhtar a&eHacsm if;u rkef@aygif;0,fcJhvdrfhrav- at- at- at- acG;yk&,f/ tdyfa[h tdyf- tdktdk tdktdk&Dav;wh¶J kd u|-d u|d *sKd ayguw f EJh mG ; u|-d u|d ysKd ;cif;ud0k if u|d u|d - ysKd ;q,fyifuek af tmifpm; u|d - u|d }uD;awmfwdk@EGm; tif- tif tif- tif;" pdwfr&SnfEdkifovdk &Sdojzifh ykcufukd aqmifhI v$Jjyefonf? uav;rSm twef=umatmif idkIarmvSrS iSufaysmoD;wpfvHk;udk zuf&if; tdyfaysmfawmhonf? a':azmhonf aq;Aef;udk ,lI OD;bdk;&if teD;wGif aq;vdyf vdyf&if; ykcufudk }udK;&Snf }uD;ESifh wpfcsuf wpfcsuf v$J&ao;onf? "udb k ;kd &if&,f acG;ykukd a&$xyd u f av;awG vkyfay;csiyf gw,f/ uav; 'grS oufq;kd &Snrf ,f" "ighvufpGyfuav; &Sdom;yJath/ ausmufeDuav; jzKwfodrf;xm; vdu k fwmaygh/ 'DvufpGyfuav; wpfcsnfvHk;qdk&if nnf;xdyfu vkyfavmufa&maygh" "usKyfu udjk rwfEdk;wJh vufpGyfr@dk awmf" tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

"wd@k touf}u;D awmif;}u;D rS tdk uHaumif;csiv f @kd orD; ypfcw hJ hJ uav; aumufarG; &wmyJat/ wdk@&SdorSs ol@zdk@aygh r,fazmh&JŒ/ zsif;ygbd nnf;ES,f" "'Dvdkqdk +yD;yga&mawmf/ usKyf eufjzef yef;xdrfoGm;tyfcsnf&OD;" "tEd@k nnf; pkxm;wmuav;rsm;aum" "ol}uD; tcGeaf wmfu Ekwfvdku&f wm/ q,fo h Hk;usyaf jcmufrl; usefawmhwmayg"h "at; at; aumif;aumif;odrf;xm;/ 1 ESpf 2 ESpfqdk em;aumufuav; vkyfEdkif aumif;yg&JŒ" ajymif;zl;zuf aq;vdyf vdy&f if; wd;k wdk;azmf&aom ZeD;ESihf rjywfrvyf =um;&aom ykcuf}uw d foH wdk@onf OD;bdk;&iftzdk@ v_yf&mS ;ouf0ifaom avmu}u;D jzpfI ajr;uav; acG;yk }uD;jyif;vmatmif arG;au|;zdk@ pdwful;trsdK;rsdK; xkwf&jcif;wdk@onf aeaysmfaom toufom jzpfIaeawmhonf? acG;ykuav;rSm iSufaysmoD;ESifh xrif;qDqrf;wdk@. toufqufcsufa=umifh tcgvnf&G,frSonf upm;Edkif ajy;v$m;Edkifaom oHk;ESpfeD;yg;odk@ wdkifcJhav+yD? acG;yk oHk;ESpf orD;t&G,fwGif OD;bdk;&if vifr,m;rSm tdrfqnf;vnf; tdrfcavmufuav;ESifh ae&ojzifh wpfcgwpfcg vifa&m r,m;yg ajr;uav;ESifh twl 0ifI upm;rwwf tazmf&I ae=u awmhonf? ................................. "b b axG;ykzdk@ awmif;i,fi,fuav; &ufay;OD;" [k wpfcg ylqmvdkuo f jzifh (1)vHk;rSonf }uD;}uD;i,fi,f q,fvHk;cef@ oapP;o¶dk; udkifIay;xm;onf? ESD;csdefcGifh uav;ESifh wpfrsdK;/ tdk;ykwfuav;ESifh wpfvSnfh/ acG;ykrSm tbdk;}uD;udk "b" / tr,f}uD;udk "tpfr" ESifh ol@aygifay: a&mufvdkuf/ ighycHk;ay: wufvdkufESifh aysmfIae&Smonf? a':azmhrmS tvSLoGm;vnf; wwef;vef;vef;/ a&cyfoGm;vnf; wGJavmif;avmif; wGJavmif;avmif;? Todk@ ajc¶_yo f nfuykd if tauseyf}u;D auseyfI upm;aevSsif oGm;cge;D Y "acG;yka&" [k ac:I tazmfjyK&rS auseyfonf? acG;ykonf wGww f ;D wGww f mESihf Tvifr,m; rSvI JG tjcm;olvnf; uEG@J uvsvyk pf &m r&S&d um;/ OD;bd;k &if tem;wGiv f nf; yGwo f ;D yGwo f yf aewwfonf? "b axG;ykzdk@ zsmi,fi,fuav; &ufay;OD;" "at- at; ay;&ef@Asm/ zsmpdrf;uav; &ufay;r,faemf/ uJ ighajr; "b" oifay;wm &atmifvdkuf+yD; qdk/ +yD;awmh &ufay;r,f" "[ifh- qdkcsifzl;" "tdk rrdku&f bl;/ ukodkvf&atmif "b" u oifay;wm/ qdk tedp"P "tedpP" 98

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

"'ku"Q "'ku"Q "tewW" "tewW" "tJ'g &atmif qdkaemf "b" oifay;r,f" "zsm&ufay;&rSmaemf" "ay;rSmaygh/ eufjzef 0g;ckwfu jyefawmh &ufay;rSm" "b [dkO}u;D awG ,lcJhygOD;/ arsmufO}uD;awG" "at; at; b awmxJu &SmcJhr,f" "tpfru axG;yk trsm;}uD; rpm;&bl;wJ"h "ighajr; &if=uyfrSmpd;k vdk@yg" "tdk =uyfzl;/ pm;rSm trsm;}uD;" "at;- at;- uJ pm;wmayg"h OD;bdk;&ifonf aq;wH}u;D udkyif wpfcgwpf&H yg;pyfrS c|wfI acG;ykESifh tacstwif ajym&&Smonf? "igah jr; eift h pfrqD rD;jcpf awmif;acsprf;" [k cdki;f vdu k v f sS if xbDuav;udk jyifI 0wf&if; a':azmhqDrS rD;jcpfudk ,lI vmay;onf? ................. vomom nrsm ;wGif OESJyif&dyf&Sd ckwifuav;ay: Y OD;bdk;&if vufarmif; acgi;f tH;k I acG;yku vrif;udk arSsm=f unfu h m tdyo f nf? a':azmhu yJnpS I f teD;wGif xdik o f nf? "at; tbdk;}uD;u armif;axmif;vdk@/ tr,f}uD;u qefzGyfvdk@" "[if 'gjzifh b bmvdk@ armif;raxmif;ovJ/ tpfrcsnf; axmif;wmyJ" "bu rtm;vd@k uGJ@" "olw@dk awmh tm;w,fvm;" "at; ,kefuav;u ab;u 0yfvdk@" "b axG;yk ,kefuav; vdck siw f ,f zrf;ay;prf;/ aemf b/ aemufwpfcg 0g;ckwo f Gm; awmh zrf;chJaemf/ 3 aumif/ tdk trsm;}uD; zrf;chJ" "bwd@k 0g;ckww f Jh awmu ,kerf &db S ;l acG;yk&ŒJ / wpfcg wpfcg ajr}u G ;D awG usm;ajc&m awG awG@&w,f" "usm;qdkwm EGm;avmuf}u;D }u;D vm b" "at; EGm;cyfi,fi,favmuf &Sdw,f" "axG;yk =unfhcsifw,f/ b jyprf;aemf" tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

100

"usm;qdw k m udkufwwfw,f/ a=umufp&m}uD;" "tHrm axG;ykuku d &f if b˜u 0if¶dkufrSmaygh" "¶dkufrSmayghav/ Edk@ayr,fh b˜yg udkuf&if b,fhES,f vkyfrvJ" "tdk b˜awmh udkuf&bl;/ b˜udkuf&if axG;yk atmfidkrSm udkuf&bl;" "at; at; uJ ighajr; tdyfawmh rdk;csKyfvS+y"D "tdk tdyfao;bl;/ a&S;pum; ajymOD;" "razmh nnf;ajr;awmh odyfpum;}udKufwmyJat/ a&S;pum;rsm; em;axmif& r,fqdk&if tdyfcsifw,fudk r&Sdbl;" "awmf tusifhvkyfwmyJ" "uJ at ac:ygOD;/ vufrsm;udk usOfaeyg+y"D "vm vm igah jr;/ aygufayguq f yk f pm;acs&atmif/ +yD;awmh tdyaf wmh/ reufawmh "b" 0g;ckwfoGm;rSmrdk@ apmapmx&atmif" acG;ykrSm wpftdrfvHk; ol wGifus,fI aeawmhonf? OD;bdk;&if. tazmfrSm acG;yk/ a':azmh. vufqGJrSmvnf; acG;yk/ &GmxJ&Sd uav;rsm;ESifhyif upm;&onfr&Sd? rsupf ad tmufrS taysmufrcHaom tbd;k }u;D ESihf tr,f}u;D wd@k . azsmaf jz&muav; jzpfIaeawmhonf? ............... acG;yk oHk;ESpfjynfhI av;ESpfxJ t0ifwGif a':azmhrSm rdk;tm;}uD;apGaom e,kefv xJwGif yef;ema&m*ga=umifh emvefrxlbJ tedpPa&mufI oGm;onf? "b b tpfr ao+yDvm;" [k ¶_duf}uD;wiif idkaom toHa=umifh OD;bdk;&ifonf ZeD;onf ysufp;D &onfudk ¶l;rwwf pdwq f if;&Jrd&mS onf? acG;ykum; yxrt}urd o f m id, k +dk y;D "tpfr 'gjzifh axG;ykwdk@eJ@ tdyfawmhzl;ayghaemf" [k ajymum arharhaysmufaysmuf {nfhonf t0iftxGurf sm; t=um;wGif upm;Iaeawmhonf? OD;bdk;&ifrSmum; ajr;i,fuav;u odwwfovdk ar;onfhtwGuf rcsdrqHh 0rf;enf; &onf? bmrSs aumif;pGm rodwwfojzifh arharhaysmufaysmuf upm;Iaeonfh twGufvnf; tif; 'if;uav; bmrS rod&Smbl;? 'if; igwpfa,mufwnf; tkyfxdef;wmeJ@ om }uD;jyif;&&Smawmhr,f? vSara& eifhorD;eJ@ ighukd jrifvn S fhOD;? razmhu wpfcg eifhaemuf vdkufjyefyaum[k 0rf;xJwiG f ylaqG;Iaeawmh.? upm;vdu k f/ vufzuf pm;vdu k Ef iS ahf eaom acG;ykukd &ifciG yf u kd fI a&mufv&dk mom xGufoGm;csifawmhonf? OD;bdk;&ifonf om;trd om;tzoHk;a,mufESifh twlaecJh&onfh i,fpOfu tjzpftysufrsm;udk xifjrifvmonf? wpfa,mufwnf;aom orD; vSarudk t&G,af &mufaomf tdrfaxmifxdrf;jrm; vdku&f ojzifh rdrdw@dk vifr,m;ESpfa,mufwnf; 1 0 0 tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

101

aecJh&onfwdk@udk jrifjyefonf? 4-5 ESpft=umwGif orD;qHk;I i,f&G,fpOf trdrSef; tzrSef; rodvu dk f&Smaom ajr;uav;udk arG;au|;okwfoifI ajr;tbdk; 3 a,muf aysm&f $ifpGm aecJh =uonfukd jrifjyefonf? ,ckaomfum; a':azmhvnf; aorif;aemufo@kd vdu k jf yefacs+y?D olEiS hf acG;ykw@kd om use&f pfco hJ nf? aojcif;w&m;um; t+r&J adS om w&m;omwnf;? igw@kd ajr;tbd;k yif touftwdki;f aecJah omf igu t&ifpeG f@ypfI 'if;uav; vl@abmifwGif xm;cJh&OD;awmh rnf? rsufpdoli,fESifh vlvm;rajrmufcifjzifh rypfcJhyg&apeJ@/ 'if;uav; }u;D jyif;onfwdkif atmif ighoDv &Sda umif; yg&JŒ tp&Sdojzifh ajr;oHa ,mZOfESi fh tedpPw&m;wdk@ onf a&mumaxG;um wvnfvnfESifh ae&Smav.? acG;ykrSm a':azmh r&Sdawmhojzifh OD;bdk;&ifESifhom ae&&Smawmhonf? " b tpfr uvnf; vmbl;" [laom toHuav;rsm; =um;vdkuf&vSsif "'if;uav; uHqdk;&Smw,f/ igyJ taz/ igyJ tar &S&d mS w,f" [k atmufarhI uav;i,fi,f vGr;f onfrmS awmfawmfyif/ odwwfaom vl}uD;vkyfolrSm ajzrEdkifqnfr& 0rf;enf;yufvufESifh rsuf&nfrsm;yif usrad wmhonf? a':azmh r&Sdojzifh OD;bdk;&ifonf acG;ykudk ydkI*¶kpdkufonf? arharhaysmufaysmufrS &Syd gapawmh[k tem;rS rcGmapbJ upm;p&mtrsKd ;rsKd ; a&S;pum; trsKd ;rsKd ;wd@k jzifh rysi;f &atmif xm;&Smonf? acG;ykEiS hf OD;bd;k &ifrmS wwGaJ vmif;avmif;ESihf xrif;csu&f mrSmvnf; twlw/l xrif; pm;&mrSmvnf; ajr;tbdk; ESpfa,muf/ awmif;&uf&mrSmvnf; ulazmfavmifzuf tjzpfESifh ruGJruGm ae=uonf? wpf&GmvH;k jrifjrifu&mwd@k uvnf; ajr;tbd;k ESpfa,mufukd jrifwkid f; oem;I ae=uawmh.? acG;yk 6 ESpfavmuf wdkifcJhav+yD? OD;bdk;&if. b0um; acG;ykESifh uif;I rjzpfawmh oavmuf jzpfch. J ? acG;ykudk orD; vSarwkef;uuJhodk@ tcsdeft&G,fa&muf+y;D rdrdEiS fh cGJvdku&f rnfukd tpdk;&drf}uD; pdk;&drrf donf? tcsdefwef t&G,fa&mufI tawmiftvufpv Hk Ssif "rRwm w&m;udk rvGeq f efEikd ?f xdt k a=umif;rsm;udk pOf;pm;rdvsS if tbd;k }u;D rSm wpfcgwpf&H vif;=uuf wGeo f nftxd tdyI f raysmEf ikd &f mS ? acG;ykrmS xbDauv; vnfyif;a&mufvsu/f apmif;vsuf wpfzHk/ arSmufcHkwpfrsdK;ESifh rdrdtem;wGif tdyfaysmfvsuf &Sd&Sm.? bmrS rod&Sm? OD;bdk;&ifonfomvSsif ezl;ay: vufwifvdkuf/ aq;wH,lI cJvdkufESifh tdyfraysmf EdkifbJ wpfcgwpfcg uav;r. ezl;jyifuav;odk@ ikH@Ierf;rdonf? ighajr;&,f 'Dt&G,fu r}u;D yge@J awmhu, G ?f b˜eJ@ b,fawmhrS rcGJ&bJ twlae&atmif? b ighajr;udk awmif;&uf au|;rSmaygh ponfjzifh ewfa&uefodk@ oGm;I ,ckt&G,frS ydkr}uD;atmif a&csdK;ay;vdkuf csifawmhonf? tewWw&m;um tpd;k &jcif;w&m; r[kwaf y? rwfwwfajy;uav;u qifjref;xm; tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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102

aom a&$xyd u f av;yif ,ckt&G,fwiG f em;aumufuav;tjzpfodk@ a&muf&+yD? aoSsmifxk;H uav;rS qH+rdwfuav;cgwdkif; em;aumufuav; v_yf&Sm;I aeav+yD? .................. acG;yk jy\emonf OD;bdk;&iftm; 2 n wpfcg 3 n wpfcg qdkovdk OD;aESmuf¶_yf apvSawmh.? awmif;&uf&ef 0g;cke=f uaom ae@rsm;wGif vSn;f wpfp;D ESihf ajr;tbd;k ESpaf ,muf pum;wwGww f w G Ef iS hf oGm;avh&d=S uonf? tjyefwiG f 0g;yH}k u;D ay:Y acG;ykum;xdik v f suf opfcG yef;awG ajrmufOawGudk ayG@vsuf? tbdk;}u;D rSm EGm;armif;&if; jyefvmavh&Sd=uonf? "b [dkyifay:u toD;}uD; cl;ay;yg/ axG;yk vdkcsifw,f" "usD;tmoD;ygu, G f raumif;ygbl;" "tdk b&m vdkcsifw,f cl;ay;yg/ axG;yk upm;r,f" "tjrifh}u;D [J"h "tdk tdk &atmifcl;ay;/ tvHk;}uD; odyfvSwmyJ" OD;bdk;&ifonf EG,fawGudk qGJIcs.? r&onfhtqHk; ¶_HŒwGaeaom zifydefuav; ay:atmif cg;awmif;usKd uIf us;D tmyifE, G v f su&f adS om opfyifukd wuf+y;D cl;ay;& &Smonf? "tJ b˜u vdrRmw,f/ axG;yk tdrfa&mufawmh bk&m;&dScdk;r,faemf/ axG;yk vdkcsifwm cl;ay;wmudk;" "at; at; &Sdcdk;/ 'grS ukodkvf&w,f? ighajr; ykwD;pdyfwm oifay;&OD;r,f" "t&Snf}uD;vm; b˜&JŒ" "r&Snfygbl;" "tif; tif; 'gjzifh oifay;" OD;bdk;&ifrSm Todk@ acG;ykESifh ae&ojzifh a':azmhudkyif wpfcgwpf&HrS owd&rdonf? wdk@ajr;tbdk; ESpfa,muf[laom avmuwpfckomvSsif &Sdonf? ................. acG;ykonf wpfnaeaomf oHk;tdrfjcm;Y EGm;uav; arG;onfudk oGm;I =unfh.? uav;rsm;ESifh ?tdrfrSwpfzef &Gmpnf;¶dk;em;odk@ a&mufIoGm;.? vdyfoa&yGifhrsm; 0g0g0if; atmif yGifhIaeojzifh pnf;¶dk;wGif yef;cl;&if; tazmfrsm;ESifh uGJIoGm;.? 10 rdepfcef@ t=um wGifum; em;uav; ESpzf ufudk vufjzift h yk v f suf "b˜a& b˜a& emvdu k w f m" [k xGe@f xGe@f vl; atmfIidak eonf? pnf;¶dk;em;&Sd tdrfu=um;I xGu=f unfh&m acG;ykrSe;f odojzifh OD;bdk;&if tm; ajy;v$m;ac:iifcJh&m uav;r. em;&Sd em;aumufuav;udk twif;qGJI ajy;ojzifh em;uav;jywfI usef&pf&m em&SmvGef;I idkaeonfudk awG@&av.? tbdk;}uD;rSm aoG;pufrsm; acG;yk. ycHk;ay:ESifh vufzrdk;ay:wGif awG@jrifvdkuf uwnf;u xdwfceJjzpfum zrf;IayG@vdku&f m "tr,fav; b˜&JŒ emw,f emw,f vkyyf gO;D 1 0 2 tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

103

b˜&JŒ/ emw,f" paom toHrsm;onf em;wGif;odk@ vSdrfhI 0ifvmawmhonf? tHoGm; w}udwf}udwfjzifh ajr;uav;tm; acsmharmh&if; ar;jref;&m/ "qGJvk+yD; xGufajy;w,f/ udkndKat;qdkwJh vl}u;D xifwmyJ" [k ajymjyav.? "awmuf ! ¶dkif;avuGm ndKat;&m/ igh vm "m;eJ@ ckwfygawmh/ acG;ykrS vkyfygayh" [k tcJrausEkid b f J &daS wmhonf? "vma[h owdaW umif;&if "m;csi;f ,SOcf kwv f n S /fh igah jr;awmh rapmfum;e@J" paom pum;rsm;onf wpfa,mufxD;wnf; ajymIaeaom pum;rsm; jzpfavonf? awmif;udkvnf; aumif;aumif; r&ufawmh+yD? acG;yk.em;rS temrusuf Edik af vav a'gyaG vav jzpfawmhonf? ndKat;rSm &GmwGif emrnf}u;D vlq;kd jzpfonf? 'if;yJ jzpf&rSmyJ? 'if;awmhuGm wpfae@awmhqdkaom toHrsm;udkvnf; c%c% }udrf;rday.? ,cifu ckwifay:wGif ajr;tbd;k ESpfa,muf pum;ajym&if; tdy=f uavh&. dS ? acG;yk tdyfatmif tbdk;}uD;onf a&SŒa&; aemufa&;udk awG;I aeavh&Sd.? acG;ykonf vufarmif;ay:wGif tdyfae&mrS tem emojzifh tifhceJ vkyfvdkufvSsif OD;bdk;&ifonf aigufceJ xIxdkifrdonf? aqmifha=umifh}uD; xdkif&mrS awmufacgufoH}uD;rSm wdwfqdw faom nOfhtcsdefwGif OD;bdk;&ifudkyif jyefItm;ay;ovdk &Sdavonf? Tod@k tcif;jzpfymG ;+y;D aemuf ndKat;rSm &GmESihf xef;awmt=um;wGif vlowfc&H I aoav.? vlru dk u f dk rnfol ZD0defajcaG vonfukd rodaomfvnf; raorD wpfae@u ol}uD; tdrfem;wGif OD;bdk;&ifESifh cGef;}uD;cGef;i,f ajymcJh=uonfh OD;bdk;&ifrSm vlolawmfaumif;[k qd&k aomfvnf; acG;ykESihf ywfoufojzifh olawmfrS ig aumif;csio f vdv k kd ae&onft h xJwGif rsufEmS csi;f qdik af wG@aom ndKat;u rcd;k rcef@vkyI f oGm;avonf? tbd;k }uD;rSm tom;rsm; qwfqwfwkeaf tmif pdwfq;kd vsuf xd;k rnf ykwrf nfyif vkyfao;onf? &Gmom;rsm;u 0dik f;I awmif;yefojzifh vSnfhjyefcJh&onf? ,ckaomfum; "m;'%f&mrsm;rSm tm;aumif; cGefaumif;ESifh xd;k onfh '%f&mrsm; r[kw[ f lonfu wpfcsu/f xdknaeu ajr;tbd;k ESpfa,muf 0g;ckwo f Gm;=uonf qdkjcif;u wpfcsuw f dk@a=umifh OD;bdk;&ifudkyif zrf;qD;I axmif 10 ESpf csvku d o f nf? acG;ykonf ajr}uD; ay:wGif vl;I "b˜a&/ b˜a&" ESifh idkae&pfawmhonf? wGef@vdyfaom yg;a&wdk@t=um;wGif rsu&f nf,&kd jJ$ zifh oDa0aom rsupf t d pHw k @kd rSm tdref ;D csi;f a':a&$a&;vufwiG f xGe@f xGe@f vl;id&k if; ¶kef;uefae&Smaom acG;ykudk r=unfh&ufojzifh rsufESmv$JcJh&awmhonf? ...................... tcsed fwdk@um; wpfae@+y;D wpfae@ ukefqHk;cJhawmhonf? ae@udk&ufpm;I &ufudk vrsdKum wpf0g+yD;wpf0g qdkcJh+yD? OD;bdk;&ifonf axmifxJwGif tvkyfvkyf&if;vnf; acG;yk/ tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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tvif;tdrf (10) ESpf jynfhcJhyg+yD tprS ,cktcsdefxd vufwGJcJholrsm;/ ,Hk=unfcsufa=umifh vrf;ckvyfwiG f usef&pfcJholrsm; tm;vHk; aus;Zl;yg? tvif;tdrf qufvuf &SifoefaeOD;rnf[k ,H=k unfygonf? atmifaZ,smndK

tvif;tdrf eJ@twl &SdaerSmyg? pnfoljrifh

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

119

120

qufvuf t"Gef@&Snf &yfwnfaernfh tvif;tdrf? at;odkuf

*syefEdkifiHrSm &Sdaeoa&G@ tvif;tdrfeJ@twl vufwJrG jzKwf csDwuf=uygpdk@? aX;0if;

(10) ESpfjynfh tvif;tdrf wnfwHh? cdkif+rJ t"Gef@&Snfygap? atmif=unf

1 2 0 tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

121

tvif;tdrfESifhtwl q,fpkESpf wpfpk jzwfausmfcJhjyD? aemif &mpkESpfrsmqDodk@ vufwGJ csDwuf=uygpdk@? &Jjrifhatmif

tm;vHk;udk tvif;awGay;aer,fh tvif;tdrf 'Dxufru atmifjrifygap? [efaZmf0if;

10 ESpfjynfh tvif;tdrfpmay xm0pOf yef;yefv#ufyg? 0if;Edkif

(Lin Po Yin)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

121

122

rdrduk, d fudk aumif;atmif }udK;pm;ygrnf? xGef;xGef;0if; (tvif;tdrf)

vlwpfa,muf&@J wefzdk;udk vluarG;zGm;+yD; vlyo D olawGomv#if em;vnfw,f? ausmfcdkif0if;

tvif;tdrf qdkwm urBmay:rSm &SdaeoI u|efawmf &Sdaer,f? wifEikd f

1 2 2 tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

123

b,folcGJcGJ 'dk@ruGJ t+rJpnf;vHk;rnf? (OD;aomif;vdSkif om; t}uD;aumif) atmifrsdK;rif;

tvif;tdrf pmay tzGJ@tpnf;ESifh aemif ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm vufwGJI aqmif&GufoGm;rnf jzpfa=umif; qENjyKygonf? ausmfrsdK;xGef;

q,fpkESpf rsm;rSonf &mpkESpfrsm;wdkif tvif;tdrf xm0& wnf+rJygap? 0if;oEWmatmif

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

123

124

tvif;tdrf umv t"Gef@&SnfpGm qufvuf 0if;yEdkifygap? =unfpef;

,Hk=unfr_ rsm;pGmjzifh tvif;tdrfESifh xm0& vufwGJoGm;rSmyg? rif;olatmif

opdwW y&da,m' yeH or*~geH wayg okacg ? (rdrdpdwfudk jzLpifap&m.? pdwn f n D w G folw@dk onf csrf;omjcif;. ta=umif;jzpfonf?) tHharmf

1 2 4 tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

125

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

125

126

zdwfac:tyfygonf EdkifiHa&;/ vlr_a&;/ pD;yGm;a&; tawG;tjrifaqmif;yg;rsm; a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;rsm; uAsm/ 0wˆKwdk/ umwGef;/ yef;csDrsmudk

rnfolrqdk vGwfvyfpGm ay;yd@k Edik fygonf? pmrlrsm;udk (15) &ufae@ aemufq;Hk xm;+yD; ay;yd@k =uyg&ef arwWm&yfcHtyfygonf?

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif;

1 2 6 tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

127

t,f'Dwm

pmtkyfcsKyf/ xkwfvkyfa&;

&J+idrf;/ cifarmifaZmf tHharmf

ausmfrkd;Ekdif / aX;0if; wifEidk f / [efaZmf0if; rif;olatmif

tr_aqmif t,f'Dwm

ausmfcdkif0if; / 0if;Edkif (Lin Po Yin) &Jjrifhatmif / ausmfrsdK;xGef; Anm;b&dkif,efuif; (v0u)

ta0;a&muf t,f'Dwm aZmfaZmfatmif (t*Fvef) ABFSU (88)rsKd;quf

pmpDpm&dkuf pnfoljrifh

owif; ESifh rD'D,m xGef;+idrf; / at;okduf

jynfwiG f;/jynfy jzef@csda&; atmif=unf / atmifrsdK;rif; udk=unfpef;

&Hk;tzGJ hESifhb他ma&; atmifaZ,smndK / rif;rif;odef; xGef;xGef;0if; r0if;oEWmatmif

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

127

128

tvif;tdrf odk hqufoG,f&ef

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1 2 8 tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ (7) trSwf (7)

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