အလင္းအိမ္မဂၢဇင္း အတြဲ (၆) အမွတ္ (၁၂) by derric maw

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OD;OwWr a&;om;xm;aom "*syefjynfta=umif;" pmtkyfwGif azmfjyyg&Sdonhf pmyd'k rf sm;udk zwf¶j_ cif;jzihf q&mawmf ?;OwWronf jrihrf m;aom &nf&, G cf sujf zihf rnfo@kd rnfykH jynfyEdik if rH sm;od@k vSnv fh nf oGm;vmcJo h nf qdo k nfukd od&EdS ikd af yonf? ol&d,owif;pmrSaeIvnf; trsKd;udk apmihfa&Smuf&rnhf 0HomEk&ufQdw w&m;rsm;udk v_ŒH aqmfa&;om; cJo h nf? ,if;aemuf urm&Gww f iG f wpfyg;wnf; oDwif;oH;k um Ed k i f i H a &;w&m;rsm;ud k vS n h f v nf a [majymr_ jyKcJ h o nf ? xd k p Of u q&mawmf t m; w&m;a[maomtcg um;r&Sv d sS if xrf;pif (a0g)jzihf vlrsK;d aygi;f pHx k rf;I w&m;a[mpifjrihf ay:od@k ta&mufy@kd aqmifay;=uonf? 1920 jynhEf pS /f 'DZifbmvwGif OD;OwWr Edik if aH &;rsK;d aphcsay;cJah om t[keaf =umihf wuUov kd af usmif; om;rsm; oydwpf wifarSmuf=uonf? xdpk Ofu bk&ifcrH mS t*Fvyd v f rl sK;d qm&,f*seD ,fu&ufa'guf jzpfonf? ausmif;om;rsm; oywfarSmufpOfu q&mawmfrmS umvuwWm;+rKd Œod@k acwWºuGa&mufaeonf? q&mawmf OD;OwWronf &efuek w f uUov kd f ausmif;om;rsm; oydwaf rSmufa=umif;udk =um;odonfEiS fh wpf+yKd uef uf rD&m oabFmjzihf umvuwWm;+rdKŒrS &efukef+rdKŒodk@ =uGa&mufvmcJhavonf? ,if;ta=umif;ESihfpyfvsOf;I Armhacwf owif;axmuf OD;b&ifonf ola&;om;aom "q&mawmfOD;OwWr" pmtkyf pmrsuEf mS (42)wGif Tod@k a&;om; azmfjycJo h nf? "(1920) jynhEf pS /f wefaqmifrek ;f vwGif OD;OwWr umvuwWm;wGif a&muf&adS e.? xdkESpfu OD;OwWr. OD;&D;awmfjzpfol ppfawGŒ+rdKŒrS OD;cspfcdkifESihf ZeD; rpHvSjzLwdk@onf rsufpda&m*guko&ef umvuwWm;odk@ acwWoGm;=uonf? xdktcgwGif OD;OwWr.nD ausmfxGef;atmifonfvnf; ygoGm;vsuf umvuwfWm;+rdKŒ &cdkifyGJpm; wpfOD;.tdrfwGif wnf;cdak exdik =f uonf? wpfae@aomtcg q&mawmf OD;OwWronf a=u;eef;pm&Guu f av;wpfcu k kd udik +f y;D +yKH ;+yKH ;&,f&,fEiS fh yGpJ m;tdro f @kd ºuv G monf? a'G;awmfol rpHvjS zLu "tvd-k OD;yOPi;f 'Dwpfcg &,fv@kd armvd@k / bmrsm; oabmus+y;D jyefvmovJ"[k qD;IavSsmufxm;avonf? "'umr}u;D 'Dwpfcgawmh usKyu f , kd u f sKyf aoaysm+f yv D @kd 0rf;omtm;&&Sw d meJ@ +yKH ;vmwmyJ"[k trde@f &Sad vonf? a'G;awmfu "bmrsm;jzpfvmovJ"[k ar;&m OD;OwWru "igw@kd ArmvlrsK;d awG vle@J ole@J wlvm =u+y/D 'Dvkd vlpw d &f v dS mvd@k ig0rf;omvmwmyJ"[k qd. k ? "t&ifuawmh ArmawG[m vlpw d rf &Sv d @kd acG;pdw&f adS eovm; bk&m;" OD;OwWru "vlpw d &f w dS ,fqw kd m 'Dvadk v/ vl[m vlŒtcGit fh a&; bmvJqw kd m em;vnfvm=uw,f/ ud, k t fh cGit fh a&; ud, k o f +d y;D r&-&atmif }uKd ;pm;wwf&if 'g[m vlpw d &f w dS ,fv@kd OD;yOPi;f qdv k w kd myJ? a[m- tck &efuek af umvdyaf usmif;om;awGup+y;D t*Fvdyfausmif;awGu oifay;wJhynmudk rauseyfvdk@ oydwfarSmuf=uukef+yDwJh? 24

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

&efukef+rdKŒuae+yD; tJ'DudpP}uD;rSm OD;yOPif;xH t}uHO%fawG ,lcsifvdk@ OD;yOPif;udk &efuek =f uv G mcJyh gqw kd m a=u;eef;pm tcky&J w,f? ArmawG 'Dvkd pdwaf wG0ifpm;vm=uzd@k arSsmfvihf+yD; OD;yOPif; }udK;pm;aewm tckawmh }udK;pm;&usKd;eyf+yD? 'ga=umihf OD;yOPif; aoaysmfyg+yDvdk@ ajymwm"[k &Sif;vif;awmhrSyif a'G;awmf/ OD;&D;ESihf nDjzpfolwdk@ em;&Si;f oGm;=uavonf? &efuek af umvdyf yxroydw}f u;D rSm (1920) jynhEf pS /f 'DZifbmv (5) &ufae@/ (1290) jynhfESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfausmf (10) &ufae@wGif oydwfarSmufcJhonf? xdo k wif;=u;eef;udk &vSsi&f csi;f yif q&mawmfonf &efuek o f @kd rD&moabFmjzihf ºuGvm+yD; 0dkiftrfbDatacgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf wdkifyifaqG;aEG;onf [lownf;? &efukefaumvdyf oydwaf rSmuf+y;D aemuf e,fcsŒJ tpd;k &onf rsK;d csppf w d Ef ;d_ qG&m vufeufaumif;wpfck jzpfaom owif;pmrsm;udk ydwyf pf&ef tmrcHa=u;rsm; awmif;cJo h nf? t*Fvyd af iG (2000d)/ (3000d)/ (5000d) ponfjzihf tmrcHa=u;rsm; ay;cJ&h &Smonf? *sme,ftcsKŒd udv k nf; ydwyf pfvu kd &f m ol&, d / jrefrmhtvif;/ ynmhtvif;ESifh AE<Kv*sme,f (4) apmifom use&f pfawmhonf? xdkpOf a0vrif;om; (aemufeef;pGef@ tÏrajrmuf a*smhbk&if) jrefrmjynfodk@ vmrnfjzpf&m 0dik t f rf bDattoif;rS }u;D rSL;I a0vrif;om;udk r}uKd q&kd ef oydwaf rSmuf =uonf? acgi;f aqmiftcsKŒd udk zrf;+y;D oydwaf rSmufvsS if tjypfay;Edik af om bdKG iaf umuf Oya'udk xkwfjyefcJhonf? xdkodk@ bk&ifcH wif;wif;rmrm aqmif&Gufvmaomtcg jrefrmjynfolrsm; rausreyf jzpfae=uaomf vnf; rdrdwdk@. qEfNudk zGihf[xkwfjyjcif; rjyK0jhH zpfaecsed w f iG f q&mawmf OD;OwWronf bk&ifcx H H pmwpfapmif a&;yd@k vdu k af vonf? xdpk mrSm "qm&,f*seD ,f u&ufa'gurf if; jrefrmjynfu xGuo f mG ;" [lI jzpfavonf? tqdyk g ESifpmudk ol&d,owif;pmu xnhfoGif;azmfjycJh&m wpfwdkif;wpfjynfvHk; rsufvHk;jyL; tHhtm;oihfcJh =uonf? ta=umif;rSm bk&ifcHudk &J&J0Hh0Hh jywfjywfom;om; a&;&Jaom tmZmenfy*k Kd~ vx f ;l . pma=umihyf if jzpfaoma=umihw f nf;? Tpma=umihf jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;twGi;f Y rD;cJjymzH;k jzpfaeonhf vGwv f yfa&;pdw/f trsKd;om;pdwf"mwfudk wyfvSef@E_d;aqmfay;vdkufovdk jzpfoGm;onf? jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm; Edk;=um;x=uGvm=uonf? ZmwdaoG; Zmwdrmef wuf=uGvmonf? xdk@jyif TuJhodk@ ajymEdkifaom tcGihfta&;&Sdonf[laom tcsufudk jrefrmvlrsKd;wdk@tm; Edk;=um;odjrif vmapcJah vonf? xdt k csed u f pwifcahJ om jrefrmhvw G v f yfa&;wdu k yf o JG nf vGwv f yfa&; &onf txd wpfpwpfp &Sifoef}uD;xGm;vmonf? q&mawmfonf xdktcsdefcef@rSpI awm&Gm/ aus;vufrsm;od@k qif;um Edik if aH &;w&m;rsm; qufwu kd q f o kd vdk a[majymawmf rlavonf? xdktwGif; q&mawmfonf &efukefESihf umvuwWm;udk ul;csnfoef;csnf jyKvyk v f su&f o dS nf? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

t*Fvyd t f pd;k &u zrf;qD; 1911 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHodk@ jyefºuGjyD;aemuf q&mawmf OD;OwWronf c&D;vSnhfum 0HomEk&uQdw ac: trsdK;*k%fapmihfxdef;a&;/ wdkif;jynfcspfpdwfta=umif; a[majymum "0HomEk" toif;rsm; wwdik ;f jynfv;Hk tES@H OD;aqmifpnf;&k;H zG@J pnf;cJo h nf? xdktcg t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@tpdk;&u ppfykvdyfrsm;jzihf ‚if;tpktzGJ@rsm;udk vdkufvH+zdKcGif; cJhavonf? q&mawmfonf EdkifiHa&;w&m;rsm;udk yGihfyGihfvif;vif; a[ma[m'dkif;'dkif; a[majymwwfonht f wdik ;f oHCmawmfrsm;tm; ausmif;;wGio f m used ;f I rae=u&efEiS fh wdik ;f jynfonf u|eb f 0odhk oufqif;aeI wdik ;f oljynfom;rsm; u|eb f 0a&mufaea=umif;/ u|efrsm;udk;uG,faom bmomrSmvnf; u|efbmomeSihf u|efomoemyifjzpfa=umif;/ u|eb f 0rS vGwjf armufatmif oHCmh or*~t D oif;tzG@J rsm; zG@J pnf;um vGwv f yfa&;&&Sad tmif }uKd pm;oihaf =umif; a[mjaymcJah vonf? od@k uvdk q&mawmf. &J&aJ wmuf rdecfh eG ;f rsm;a=umihf q&mawmf OD;OwWrtm; t*Fvdyftpdk;& 1921 ck rwfv (31) &ufaehwGif tpdk;&tm; t=unfndKysufatmif w&m;a[majymr_[q k u kd m &mZowf}u;D Oya'yk'rf 124 (u) t& zsmykcH &dik /f a';'&J+rKd @e,f/ ausmif;uke;f +rKd @wGif zrf;qD;cJah yonf? q&mawmfonf jrefrmjynfwiG f Edik if aH &;jzihf yxrqk;H tjypfay;cH&aom Ak'b < mom &[ef;awmfwyg;jzpfonf? q&mawmftm; zrf;rde@f xkwcf o hJ rl mS ta&;ydik f OD;bd;k vS (orw a'guw f mbOD;.zcif) jzpfonf? q&mawmftm; ausmif;uke;f rS tpd;k &oabFmjzihf rtlyifw&m;&k;H od@k ac:aqmifum tvkyf=urf;ESihf axmif'%f (12) v tjypfay;jyD; rtlyifaxmifY tusOf;cscJhonf? q&mawmfonf tusOf;cHonhfaehrSpI ouFef;csGwfI axmift0wfudk 0wfqif&onf? xdkhaemuf q&mawmfonf 1922 ck ZGefv (26) &ufaeh rtlyifaxmifrS jyefvnf vGwfajrmufvmcJhonf? q&mawmf OD;OwWronf vGwfajrmufcJhjyD;aemuf tpdk;&tm; OD;rnGw G b f J qufvufI jrefrmjynftES@H vSnu fh m Edik if aH &;w&m;rsm; a[majymcJah vonf? Tod@k jzihf q&mawmfonf 1924 ck atmufwb kd mv (16) &ufae@wGif &mZowf yk'rf 124 (u) jzihf tvky=f urf;ESifh axmif'%f (3) eSpf xyfrt H jypfay;cH&um 'kw, d tjurd f tus^f;uscJhjyefonf? q&mawmfonf 1927 azazmf0g&DvwGif tus^f;rS jyefvnf vGwaf jrmufvmjyefonf? axmifrS vGwaf jrmufjy;D aemuf tjrKd @+rKd @te,fe,fo@kd vSnv fh nfI trsd k ; om;Ed k ; =um;a&;w&m;rsm;ud k a[m=um;&m 1928 ck e S p f w G i f wwd , t}ud r f tzrf;cH&jyefonf?

b0ed*;Hk Tod@k vsiS f q&mawmf OD;OwWronf vGwv f yfa&;r&rD ol@u|eb f 0wav#muf 26

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

ysHvGefawmfrlonhfwdkifatmif tus^f;csjcif;udk t}udrf}udrfcHcJh&avonf? xdk@aemuf q&mawmf o nf usef ; rma&;csd K @,G i f ; um 1939 puf w if b mv (9) &uf a e@wG i f &efuek af q;&k}H u;D Y ysv H eG af wmfrcl ahJ vonf? ysv H eG af wmfrpl ^fu q&mawmf. oufawmfrmS (60) eSpf &SI d odumQ awmfrmS (41) 0g &Sjd yjD zpfonf? q&mawmf. &kyu f vmyfukd aq;&krH S ,laqmifI rykyrf od;k atmif aq;&nfprd jf y;D rSefacgif;oGif;um ykZGefawmifjrdK@e,f/ anmifwkef;ausmif;Y xm;I psmyetcrf;tem; usif;ycJhonf? ysHvGefawmfrljyD; (3) &ufajrmufae@ pufwifbm (11) &ufae hwGif &efuek jf rKd @awmf0ef OD;b OD;pD;I q&mawmf. tEdrW psmyeudk pnfum;pGm usi;f ycJah vonf? q&mawmf ysHvGefawmfrljyD; (9) ESpfrsSjumaomf jynfolvlxkw&yfvkH;onf q&mawmf ar#mrf eS ;f cJo h nhf vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&;yef;wdik o f @kd ta&mufcsw D ufeikd cf ahJ vonf? q&mawmf OD;OwWr. *k%af us;Zl;udk rSww f rf;wifaomtm;jzihf [dELN bmom pG,pf u Hk sr;f wGif q&mawmf ODOwWrta=umif;udk wcrf;wem; a&;om;azmfjyxm;avonf? *syefEdkifiHuvnf; *syefbmomjzihf q&mawmf OD;OwWrta=umif; pmtkyfrsm; a&;om; xkwfa0cJh=uonf? wcsdefu jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;okH;pmtkyfrsm;Yvnf; q&mawmf. txˆKywdt W usO;f udk xnho f iG ;f oif=um;aponf? h nhf aus;Zl;&Sif od@k uvdk jrefrmEdik if . H vGwv f yfa&;AdrmR efju;D udk OD;pGmyEMucf say;cJo tmZmenf q&mawmf OD;OwWrudk aemifvmaemufom;wdhk tjrw J ap owdw&&Sad p&ef twGuf ppfawG+rdK@&Sd or*~tzGJhu OD;pD;um 194& ck pufwmbm (9) &ufae@wGif tcrf;tem;w&yfudk a&$wd*kHajc&if;&Sd ykvdyfor*~ taqmufttkHY usif;ycJh=uonf? xdkae@udkyif "OD;OwWrtxdrf;trSwfaeh" tjzpf owfrSwfum ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; usif;y vmcJ h j uonf ? xd k @ tjyif ppf a wG + rd K @wG i f OD ; OwW r toif ; eS i h f OD ; OwW r yef ; jcH w d k @ ud k wnfaqmufc=hJ uonf? ppfaawG+rKd @&Sd OD;OwWryef;jcw H iG f q&mawmftm; *k%jf yKaomtm;jzihf 1963 Zefe0g&v D (10) &uf jumoyaw;aehY q&mawmf OD;OwWra=u;&kyw f u k kd oGe;f vkyf pdu k x f cl ahJ vonf? &efuek +f rKd @wGiv f nf; jrefrmhvw G v f yfa&;}uKd ;yrf;r_ordik ;f Y tepfemcHum vlxt k m; EdkifiHa&;todtjrif Edk;=um;vmap&ef aqmif&GufcJhaom q&mawmf OD;OwWrtm; *k%jf yKaomtm;jzihf eSppf ^f pufwifbmv (9) &ufae@usa&mufwikd ;f OD;OwWrae@tjzpf pnfum;odu k +f rKd upf mG usi;f ycJo h nf? xd@k tjyif &efuek jf rKd @ a&$w*d b Hk &k m;vrf; awmifbuf ajc&if;&Sd uefawmfrifyef;jcHudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u q&mawmftm; *k%fjyKaomtm;jzihf OD;OwWryef;jc[ H k rSnafh c:cJah vonf?

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jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ordkif;wGif 1962 ckESpf rwf 2 &ufrSpI jynfol@qENrsm;udk eif;ajccJo h nfrmS t}urd }f urd jf zpfonf? jynfov l x l o k nf xm;&mae/ ap&moGm;/ cdik ;f wmvky/f jyefrajymeJ@[k qdEk ikd af om tm%m&Sif yHpk cH u G x f w J iG f ydwaf vSmifccH &hJ onf? Edik if aH &;t& tus,cf sKycf sccH &hJ aom jrefrmjynfov l x l . k 1990 jynfEh pS /f arvqENukd xyfreH if;ajcvsu/f trsK;d om;nDvmcHAsL[mudk rsuEf mS ajymifwu kd f azmfaqmifcjhJ cif;onf jrefrmjynfov l x l Ek iS hf Edik if w H um todik ;f t0dik ;f udk jywfjywfom;om; ausmcdik ;f pdeaf c:cJjh cif;[k owfrw S Ef ikd o f nf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ ar 27 &ufwGif usif;ycJhaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzGŒJ csKyo f nf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f 485 OD;teuf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f 392 OD; tEdik &f &Scd o hJ nf? 1989 ckEpS /f ar 31 &uf xkwjf yefcahJ om Ed k i f i H a wmf +id r f 0 yf y d j ym;r_ wnf a qmuf a &;tzG J Œ Oya'trS w f 14§98 jzpf o nf h jynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya'/ yk'fr (3)wGif v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajrSmufvdkufaom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf[k jyÏmef;xm;+y;D jzpfonf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy/f &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf/ rGeftrsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒtygt0if rdwaf qGygwrD sm;. a&G;aumufyt JG Edik &f &Srd o _ nf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f 430 ausmu f kd ud, k pf m;jyK+y;D jzpfojzifh jynfo@l v$waf wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya'/ yk'rf (3)t& v$waf wmfukd tjrefzŒJG pnf;cJ&h rnf jzpfonf? a=unmcsuftrSwf 1§90/ tydk'f (18)wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxG 28

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

a&G ; aumuf y G J w G i f 0if a &muf , S O f + yd K if c J h = uonf h Ed k i f i H a &;ygwD trsm;pk . qEN r S m zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya' topfa&;qGJa&;jzpfa=umif;/ ,ae@jrefrmEdkifiHwGif EdkifiHa&;t& Ed;k =um;vmaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; trsm;tjym;&S&d m ?wd@k . qENoabmxm;rsm;udk ndES i_d ;f &,l+y;D cdik rf monfh zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wpf&yf a&;qGjJ yÏmef;&ef txl;vdt k yfaea=umif; xif&Sm;aeonf[k azmfjycJhonf? tydk'f(20)wGif xdk@a=umifh ,ae@tajctaewGif jynfolrsm;u a&G;aumufwifajrSmufvdkufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf tem*wf 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmf zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk a&;qG=J u&ef wm0ef&o dS nfh yk*Kd~ vrf sm;jzpfonf[k xyfraH zmfjycJo h nf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zlvdkif 27 &uf xkwfjyefcJhaom EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / a=unmcsut f rSwf 1§90/ tyd'k f (12)wGiv f nf; jynfo@l v$waf wmf a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 3 yg jyÏmef;csufESifhtnD/ v$wfawmfac:,lzGJŒpnf;jcif;udk Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u aqmif&u G af y;rnf[k azmfjycJo h nf? od@k aomf e0wtpdk;&onf jynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya'/ a=unmcsuftrSwf 1§90 wd@k ESit hf nD jynfo@l v$waf wmfukd a&G;aumufwifajrmS ufcH v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf zGŒJ pnf;ay;&ef ysuu f u G cf +hJ y;D ud, k x f w k jf yefonfh Oya'ESihf a=unmcsurf sm;yg jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk ud, k w f ikd v f u kd ef m&ef ysuu f u G cf o hJ nf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyEf iS hf r[mrdww f ikd ;f &if;om; ygwrD sm;onf jynfo@l v$waf wmf ac:,lay;&ef pOfqufrjywf tqdjk yKawmif;qdck ahJ omfvnf; 1988 ckEpS f pufwifbm 18 &uftvGef Edik if aH wmftm%moH;k &yfukd odr;f ,l+y;D aemuf 1990 jynfhESpfa&G;aumufyGJ usif;y+yD;umvwGif e0wtpdk;&onf jynfolvlxk.qENudk ud, k pf m;jyKonfh a&G;aumufy&JG v'fEiS t hf nD v$waf wmfac:,la&;ESihf tm%mv$aJ jymif;a&; vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk uwd/ opPmwnf=unfpmG jzifh taumiftxnfazmf&ef ysuu f u G cf o hJ nfrmS txift&Sm;jzpfonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG wdik rf D umvrsm;wGif e0wtpd;k &tzGŒJ taejzifh a&G;aumufyGJt+yD;Y v$wfawmfac:,la&;ESifh tm%mv$Jajymif;a&;wdk@udk vkyaf qmifay;rnfjzpfa=umif; txyfxyf uwdjyKco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyt JG +y;D wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJŒcsKyfonf v$wfawmfac:,la&;ESifh pyfvsOf;I aqG;aEG;&ef e0wtpd;k & t}u;D tuJrsm;udk tcgrvyf urf;vSr;f cJah omfvnf; tpd;k &. wk%b dS ma0 wkH@jyefr_udkom &&SdcJhonf? e0wtpdk;&onf v$wfawmfac:,la&;ESifh tm%mv$Jajymif; a&;xuf trsKd;om;nDvmcHac:,la&; vrf;a=umif;udk a&SŒwef;wif azmfaqmifcJhjcif; jzpfonf[k a,bk,s aumufcsujf yKEikd o f nf? urBmhEdkifiH trsm;pkonf 1990 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJtvGef/ e0wtpdk;&. ajcvSrf;rsm;udk apmifh=unfhavhvmaecdkuf 1991 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv 4 &uf tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

urB m @uk v or*~ t zG J Œ . (46)}ud r f a jrmuf taxG a xG n D v mcH w G i f e0wtpd k ; & EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;onf trsKd;om;nDvmcHudk w&m;0ifxkwfazmf ajym=um;cJhonf? jynfwGif;ESifh jynfyEdkifiHa&; rsufESmpmrsm;wGif e0wtpdk;&taejzifh zGJŒpnf;yHktajccH Oya'topf a&;qG J a &;ES i f h trsKd ; om;nD v mcH v rf ; a=umif ; ud k xd k ; wif c J h + yD ; v$wfawmfac:,la&;ESifh tm%mv$Jajymif;a&;vrf;a=umif;udk arS;rSdefuG,faysmufatmif pepfwusazmfaqmifrnfh ajcvSr;f rsm;udk pwifco hJ nf? 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJtvGef umvwGif e0wtpdk;& taejzifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf tygt0if tEdkif&ygwDrsm;ESifh Edik if aH &;awGŒqHak qG;aEG;r_rsm; jyKvyk v f suf Edik if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk Edik if aH &;enf;vrf;twdik ;f csOf;uyfajz&Sif;Edkif&ef ysufuGufcJhonf? trsKd;om;nDvmcHudk EdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; toGi, f El ikd rf nfh yHpk o H iG ;f azmfaqmifco hJ nf? Edik if aH &;t& xdawGŒaqG;aEG;r_rsm; uif;rJch ahJ om umvrsm;wGif tm%mv$aJ jymif;a&;ESihf v$waf wmfac:,la&; rjzpfajrmufjcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f I e0wtpd k ; & tvd k a wmf & d ynm&S i f r sm;ES i f h vuf u d k i f w k w f y nm&S i f r sm; taejzif h 'D c sKyf t ygt0if Ed k i f i H a &;ygwD ud k , f p m;vS , f r sm;. tpG e f ; usaom jyif ; xef a om oabmxm;rsm;tay: wpfzufowf tjypfz@kd jcif;onf a=umif;usK;d qDavsmrf _ r&So d nft h jyif 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyw JG iG f xkwaf zmfcahJ om rJqEN&iS rf sm;. qENoabmxm;rsm;udk rsuu f , G jf yKcjhJ cif;yif jzpfonf? e0wtpdk;&onf 1990 jynfhESpf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJtvGef EdkifiHa&; tusyt f wnf;udk ausmv f m$ ;Edik &f ef trsK;d om;nDvmcHukd Edik if aH &;t"du Zmwfaumiftjzpf wpf z uf o wf yH k a zmf , l c J h o nf ? xd k @ a=umif h trsKd ; om;nD v mcH o nf jynf o l @ qEN / jynfol@oabmxm;ESifh jynfolvlxk qENrJwdk@udk ausmcdkif;vsuf azmfaqmifcJhaom e0wtpdk;&. wpfzufowfAsL[myif jzpfonf? Zmwfvrf;ausm¶kd; t&=unfhvSsif Edik if aH &;ADved Zf mwf cif;cJo h nf[v k nf; qdEk ikd o f nf? trsK;d om;nDvmcHY oaE<wnfcahJ om 2008 ck E S p f zG J Œ pnf ; yH k t ajccH O ya'onf rsuf a rS m uf E d k i f i H a &; tcif ; tusif ; wG i f tusyt f wnf;}u;D wpfct k jzpf tm;aumif;vsuf &Sad eonf? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;. Edik if aH &;aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;wGif ud, k pf m;jyKr_ onf v nf ; 2015 ck E S p f taxG a xG a &G ; aumuf y G J tvG e f u mvY tajymif ; tvJ &S d v mEd k i f a jc&S d o nf h t avsmuf tpd k ; &opf zG J Œ pnf ; +yD ; csd e f w G i f tm;vH k ; yg0if a om EdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; usif;yEdkifa&;udk pwifyHkazmfrnfqdkvSsif ydkrdkvufawGŒusEdkifzG,f &Srd nf[v k nf; oH;k oyfcsurf sm; &Sad eonf? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf 1992 ck ESp/f {+yD 24 &ufwiG f a=unmcsuftrSwf (11§92)udk xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? tqdkyga=unmcsufwGif 30

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

EdkifiHa&;t& zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;olrsm;teuf EdkifiHawmf. vHkjcHKa&;udk xdcdkufzG,f&m ta=umif ; r&S d o l r sm;tm; tjref j yef v $ w f a y;rnf j zpf a =umif ; / trsKd ; om;nD v mcH ac:,l u sif ; ya&;ES i f h pyf v sOf ; I w&m;0if wnf & S d a eaom Ed k i f i H a &;ygwD r sm;rS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,facgif;aqmifrsm;/ wpfoD;yk*~v v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh ES p f v twG i f ; awG Œ qH k n d S E d _ i f ; rnf j zpf a =umif ; / cd k i f r monf h zG J Œ pnf ; yH k t ajccH O ya' a&;qGJa&;twGuf tajccHrlrsm; csrSwfEdkif&ef trsKd;om;nDvmcHudk ajcmufvtwGif; ac:,lusi;f yay;rnfjzpfa=umif; azmfjycJo h nf? trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&; ndES i_d ;f aqG;aEG;yGJ OD;aqmifusi;f ya&; aumfrwDukd tzGŒJ 0if 15 OD;jzifh 1992 ckEpS /f ar 28 &ufwiG f zGŒJ pnf;cJo h nf? aumfrwDOuUÏ/ 'kw, d OuUÏESihf aumfrwD0if ajcmufO;D wd@k onf wyfrawmft&m&S}d u;D rsm;jzpf+y;D aumfrwD. tpD&ifcpH mudk ndSEd_if;aqG;aEG;yGJusif;y+yD;aemuf/ wpfvtwGif; EkdifiHawmf +idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmuf a&;tzGŒJ od@k wifjy&rnfjzpfonf? tqdyk gaumfrwDwiG f 'kw, d wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&; n$e=f um;a&;rSL;ESihf ppfO;D pD;rSL;(yxrwef;) wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;n$e=f um;a&;rSL;¶k;H wd@k tzGJŒ0ifrsm;tjzpf yg0ifcJh+yD;/ wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&; n$ef=um;a&;rSL;vnf;jzpf twG i f ; a&;rS L ;(1)vnf ; jzpf o l u vuf r S w f a &;xd k ; xk w f j yef c J h o nf ? xd k @ a=umif h OD;aqmifusif;ya&; aumfrwDudk wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&; n$ef=um;a&;rSL;¶kH;taejzifh jrifjh rifrh m;rm; yhyH ;kd ay;cJo h nf[k aumufcsujf yKEikd o f nf? 1992 ckEpS /f ar 28 &ufwiG f Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf trde@f trSwf 9§92 udk xkwjf yefvsuf trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&; ndES i_d ;f aqG;aEG;yGu J kd 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv 23 &uf/ eHeuf 8 em&DwGif &efukef+rdKŒ EdkifiHawmforRw tdrfawmf0if; tpnf;ta0;cef;rwGif usi;f y&ef owfrw S cf o hJ nf? w&m;0if wnf&adS eaom Edik if aH &;ygwD (7)ygwD . ud k , f p m;vS , f p k p k a ygif ; 28 OD ; ud k Ed k i f i H a &;ygwD r sm;u a&G ; cs,f v suf trnfpm&if;ay;ydk@&ef owfrSwfcJhonf? a=unmcsuf (11§92)t& ESpfvjynfh&ef wpf&uftvdk ZGef 23 &ufwiG f nSEd id_ ;f aqG;aEG;yGu J kd ac:,lusi;f ycJo h nf? trdef@trSwf 9§92/ tydk'f 5 yg udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& owfrSwfcsuft& trsKd ; om;'D r d k u a&pD tzG J Œ csKyf o nf ud k , f p m;vS , f 15 OD ; / &S r f ; wd k i f ; &if ; om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyo f nf ud, k pf m;vS,af jcmufO;D / wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw G af &; ygwo D nf udk,fpm;vS,foHk;OD;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsKd;om;tzGJŒcsKyf/ +rdK(ac: )crDtrsKd;om; nDnw G af &;tzGŒJ / &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@ 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwED iS hf vm;[ltrsK;d om; zGŒH +zKd ;wd;k wufa&; ygww D @kd onf ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D pD aqG;aEG;yGo J @kd wufa&muf&ef owfrw S cf o hJ nf? vGefcJhaom ESpfESpfq,fausmfu e0wtpdk;&ESifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;t=um; awGŒqHak qG;aEG;+y;D tpd;k &pdww f ikd ;f us trsK;d om;nDvmcHvrf;a=umif; azmfaqmifcjhJ cif;udk tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

jyefvnfo;kH oyfvsuf jrefrmEdik if . H Edik if aH &;a&SŒc&D;udk pepfwus jyifqifoifo h nf? trsK;d om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&; ndES i_d ;f aqG;aEG;yGu J kd 1992 ckEpS /f ZGef 23 &uf/ ZGef 30 &ufESifh Zlvdkif 10 &ufwdk@wGif oHk;&ufwdkif usif;ycJhonf? OD;aqmifusif;ya&; aumfrwDOuUÏonf ndSEd_if;aqG;aEG;yGJae@wdkif; jynfaxmifpkr+ydKuGJa&;/ wdkif;&if;om; pnf;vH;k nDnw G rf _ r+yKd uaJG &;ESihf tcsKyt f jcmtm%mwnf wHch ikd jf raJ &;[lonfh ta&;oH;k yg;udk xdef;odrf;Edkifa&; txyfxyfajym=um;cJhonf? aumfrwDOuUÏ. tzGifhrdef@cGef;wGif ,ae@tajctaeonf jynfolrsm;u a&G;aumufwifajrSmufvdkufaom udk,fpm;vS,f rsm;taejzifh tem*wf'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmf zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk a&;qGJ=u&ef wm0ef&adS om yk*Kd~ vrf sm;jzpfonf[k xyfavmif;twnfjyK ajym=um;cJo h nf? aqG;aEG;yGJ yxrae@wGif e0wtpd;k &ESihf OD;aqmifusi;f ya&; aumfrwDtaejzifh tqdjk yKcahJ om ud, k pf m;vS,f tpktzGŒJ &Spcf u k kd tajcjyKvsuf oH;k &ufwikd w f ikd f aqG;aEG;cJo h nf? udk,fpm;vS,ftpktzGJŒ &Spfckteuf 'kwd,trsKd;tpm;jzpfaom a&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fcHxm;&aom udk,fpm;vS,frsm; trsKd;tpm;ESifh ywfouf+yD; udk,fpm;vS,f acgif;aqmif &SpfOD;u aqG;aEG;cJhonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfESifh ygwDig;ygwD. acgif;aqmifrsm;onf 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G ; cs,f w if a jrS m uf c H c J h & aom jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f 377 OD ; ud k trsKd ; om;nD v mcH o d k @ zd w f = um;&ef aqG ; aEG ; tqd k j yKcJ h o nf ? ygwD u d k , f p m;vS , f acgif;aqmifwpfOD;u ,ck ndSEd_if;aqG;aEG;yGJ wufa&mufolOD;a&. oHk;qwufa&muf apvdka=umif;/ usefudk,fpm;vS,f acgif;aqmifwpfOD;u oifhawmfaom tcsKd;tpm; owfrw S af y;apvdak =umif; toD;oD; aqG;aEG;tqdjk yKc=hJ uonf? 1992 ckEpS f atmufwb kd mvwGif Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ tpdk;&onf trsKd;om;nDvmcH usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif/ trsKd;om;nDvmcH usif;ya&; vkyfief;aumfrwDESifh trsKd;om;nDvmcHusif;ya&; pDrHcef@cGJr_ aumfrwDwdk@udk zGJŒpnf;cJh+yD; trsKd;om;nDvmcH. OD;wnfcsufajcmuf&yfudk csrSwf&mwGif tem*wfEdkifiHawmf. trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;OD;aqmifr_ tcef;u¾Y wyfrawmfu yg0ifxrf;aqmifEikd af &;[lonfh tcsufvnf; yg0ifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fwifajrSmufcHcJh&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f 99 OD;udkom trsKd;om; nDvmcHodk@ zdwf=um;&ef owfrSwfcJhonf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;. udk,fpm;vS,f 48 OD;udk zdw=f um;rnfjzpfojzifh ud, k pf m;vS,pf pk ak ygi;f 702 OD;teuf ud, k pf m;vS,f 147 OD;om jynfou l kd ud, k pf m;jyKc+hJ y;D useu f , kd pf m;vS,f 555 OD;udk e0wtpd;k &. usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif taejzifh acgif;acgufa&G;cs,fcJhonfudk awGŒ&Sd&onf? 1993 ckESpf Zefe0g&D 9 &ufwGif trsKd;om;nDvmcHudk pwifusif;y&ef trsKd;om;nDvmcH udk,fpm;vS,f 702 OD;udk 32

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

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a'gufwm&efrsdK;odrf; tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

wu,fajymif;vJEkdifr,fhvrf; n$efjy OD;aqmifyg

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rSm;=u&ifawmh Arm jynf&JŒ+idrf;csrf;a&;/ 'Drdkua&pDa&;eJ@zGH@+zdK; wdk;wufa&;twGuf vrf;paysmufae=uOD;rSmbJjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umihf bmrSrajymif;vJygb;l ? ppftyk pf [ k m ppftyk pf yk gy?J ppftm%m&Sipf epfu ppftm%m&Sipf epfygy?J Adv k af e+rJ usm;ae+rJ rd@k a&SŒwufz@kd vnf;r&So d vk/d aemufjyefqw k f p&mvnf; ta=umif;vnf;rjrifryd gb;l ? "usrwdk@EkdifiH&JŒwu,fh yuwdtajctae/ 'DEdkifiH[m wu,f'Drdkua&pD vrf ; a=umif ; ay:rS m a&muf a eao;wm r[k w f b l ; qk d w mud k xif & S m ;atmif v k d @ / odomatmifv@kd / usrwd@k pmaytEkynm&Siaf wGuvnf; 0dik ;f +y;D awmh ulnD =uzd@k vdyk gw,f"? "yHEk ySd x f w k af 0cGiOfh ya'rSm u|erf wd@k &JŒtrsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyu f ae+y;D awmh vkyo f iho f avmuf rvkyo f mG ;bl;qkw d m 'gvnf; 0efcyH gw,f " wJ?h =o*k w f v 25 &uf a e@u pmaytEk y nm&S i f r sm;eJ @ 'D c sKyf y gwD O uU Ï a':atmifqef;pk=unfawG@qHkcJhygw,f? awG@qHkyGJrSm 'DcsKyfygwDOuUÏu "tultnD awmif;cHjcif;wpf0uf/ 0efcjH cif;wpf0uf " ygwhJ txufyg pum;awGukd ajymoGm;ygw,f? "2008 tajccHOya'/ a&G;aumufyaJG wG/ v$waf wmfawG " txift&Sm;wnf &Sad eygw,f? 'gay,hf 'Dtajctaeudk ud, k w f idk u f vnf;a&G;cs,cf jH ynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; vS,fwpfOD;/jynfoltrsm;u av;pm;cspfcif,Hk=unfwJhacgif;aqmifwpfOD; u "wu,f 'Dru dk a&pD vrf;a=umif;ay:rSm a&mufaeao;wmr[kwb f ;l " qkw d hJ tuJjzwfcsuu f kd "t&Su d kd t&Sdtwkdif;" yGifhyGifh vif;vif; ajymoGm;wmjzpfvkd@ tav;xm;rSwfom; xm;p&m aumif;ygw,f? 'gayr,hf 'DcsKyyf gwOD uUÏ[m pum;udw k pf0ufyaJ jymoGm;w,fv@kd usaemfxifjrif ,lqaerdygw,f? wu,f'Drdkua&pD vrf;a=umif;ay:a&mufatmif b,fvdktajccHawGvdkw,f/ b,fvdkyHkpH/ b,fvdkenf;vrf;awGeJ@ avSsmufvSrf;=u rSom wdkif;jynfeJ@vlxk oufom aumif ; rG e f r ,f / 'D v d k t ajccH a wG r &S d b J ? vuf & S d y H k p H e nf ; vrf ; awG e J @ quf v uf v k y f ukdifaer,fqkd&if wkdif;jynfeJ@vlxktwGuf b,fvdkqdk;usdK;awG=um&Snf oufa&muf aeapvdrfhr,f? 'ga=umihfwkdif;jynfeJ@ vlxkt usdK;udkOD;wnfwJha[m'Dvrf;a=umif;udk wkid ;f jynfe@J vlxu k u|erf wd@k ygweD @J twl OD;xrf;yJx h rf;/ nDnn D w G n f w G /f wnhw f nhrf wf rwfavSsmufvrS ;f =uyg qdw k hJ OD;aqmifra_ y;wJ/h vrf;jywJph um; (ynm&Sd owdjzpfcJ qkw d mvd)k wpf0ufuseaf ecJw h ,fv@kd ,lqrdyg w,f? OD;xGef;jrifh(awmif}uD;) u (a leader must lead) "acgif;aqmif[m acgi;f aqmif&r,f " qdw k hJ Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;&JŒ pum;wpfceG ;f udk a':atmifqef;pk=unfxH ay;wJh pmwpfapmifrmS xnfo h iG ;f a&;om;zl;ygw,f? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

eKdifiHjcm;udk ynmoifxGufoGm;=uwJh ausmif;om;/ ausmif;oltm;vkH; eD;eD;[m vnf; wkdif;jynfu rxGufcGgcifrSmawmh "igom acwfrSDynm&yfawGudk eKdifiHjcm;rSm oif=um;cGifh&cJhr,fqkd&if ighwkdif;jynf/ ighvlrsKd;udkvJ 'DacwfrSDynm&yfawGeJh wkdif;jynf wk;d wufatmif igjyefvnfjyKvyk af y;r,fqw kd hJ tawG;awGe@J wdik ;f jynfrS xGucf mG oGm;=uwmyg? tJ'w D ;Hk uawmh ppfreS w f ahJ pwemeJ@awG;wJh tawG;awG jzpfrmS yg? od@k aomf 'DtawG;awG[m ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;ad =umifh twdwrf mS use&f pfcjhJ y;D a&$jynfawmf arSsmaf vwkid ;f a0;cJ=h u&jyD r[kwyf gvm;? wu,fawmh vlwidk ;f vlwidk ;f trsm;tusK;d &Sad prJh tvkyrf sK;d ukd aqmif&u G af y;vkw d hJ tawG;rsKd;awG teJqkH; wpf=udrfwcgavmufawmh jzpfcJhzl;=urSmyg? ta=umif;rnDnGwf =uwm&,f/ qENawGenf;oGm; =uwm&,f/ tkycf sKyo f l vlwef;pm;awGudk rauseyf=uwm&,f/ twWzufrSm tav;omoGm;=uwm&,f - pwJhta=umif;awG rsm;pGm&Sdaejcif;a=umifh rlv&nf&G,fcsufawG ysufjy,fcJh=u&w,f? b,fvdkyif jzpfygap tawG;udk tajccH+yD; wdkif;jynf+idrf;csrf;a&;udk taumifqkH;jzpfatmif qufvuf awG;Edkif=uvdrfhr,fvdk@ arSsmv f ifah erdjcif;yg? csr;f ompGm tdypf ufeKid =f uygap?

a'gufwm"rRyd, (ITBMU) (rdk;rc rD'D,mrS)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

ausmrGJrsm;

pd;k cdik n f ed ;f b,ftcsed zf wfzwf rdrt d zd@k tawmfav;cHpm;a=uuG&J aom uAsmwpfy'k &f o dS nf? uAsmyg ta=umif;t&mrsm;onf rdrEd iS hf tawmfxyfwu l s+y;D tawmfav; 0rf;enf;rdaom uAsmjzpfygonf? uAsmq&mrdk;a0;&JŒ "wke, f ifvu d_ v f JS " qdw k u hJ Asm jzpfygonf? wke, f ifvu d_ v f JS &GmxJukd rd;k OD;us 'kuaQ wG wzGzJ JG 0ifa&mufvmcsed f EGm;wif;ukyaf v;xJrmS rD;cd;k awG wtltw l uf taz jcifr;D cd;k xnfah ewmvm; reufjzefqkd om;+rdKŒukd oGm;&awmhr,f taz? +rdKŒrmS bm&So d vJ om; rodb;l taz +rdKŒ[m aysmpf &maumif;ovm; +rdKŒrSmausmif;oGm;ae&if om; ynmwwfrmS vm; ararhukd rvGr;f wwfawmh&if 56

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

b,fvv kd yk rf vJ taz &Gmuav;uvnf; wpfppDuv JG @kd tkdaeyg+yDwJh tazu ol@awmwd;k tuFsaD emufausmudk vSejf yw,f qm;yGiahf wG taz&,f taz[m yifv,fvm; &Gmuav;wpf&mG u udik ;f orm;wpfa,mufvm; EGm;awG jcifuu kd af eovm; EGm;wif;ukyaf v;bufu toHawG =um;w,f taz om; tdyv f @kd r&bl; b,fEpS ef m&Dx;dk +yDvJ reuf av;em&Dvm; +rdKŒuo kd mG ;r,fh armfawmfawG vm+yDvm; taz aemufaz;cef; rD;cGurf edS rf eSd af v;xJu xGux f u G v f maew,f bmvJ ararh ¶_u d o f aH wGvm;? u|efawmfwdk@ awmrSmaewkef;u nwdkif;EGm;wif;ukyfrSm EGm;awGudk jcifawG/ rSuaf wG rudu k af tmif taz jcifr;D wdu k af y;wm r=umc% awGŒzl;onf? uGseaf wmfw@kd rSm EGm;av;ig;ajcmufaumifavmuf &Syd gonf? u|eaf wmfw@kd rSm v,fajr{u rsm;rsm;pm;pm;r&Syd g? v,foHk;{uavmufeJ@ ,muig;{uavmufyJ &Sdygonf? 'D&SdwJh v,fajrav;udk rdk;udkyJ t"dutm;xm;+y;D vkypf m;=uygonf? rd;k av&moDOwkreS w f hJ ESprf sm;rSmawmh tenf;i,f acsmifvnfayr,fh rkd;acgifaom ESpfrsm;rSmqdk&if tawmfav; usyfusyf wnf;wnf; &ifqikd &f ygonf? 'DaemufrmS awmh rd;k av0o rrSew f EhJ pS af wG rsm;rsm;vmonf? rd;k acgiw f hJ ESpfawG rsm;rsm;vmonf? aomufa&udkyif tEdkifEdkifjzpfvm&onf? 'gawGu tnmu awmifov l ,form;awG t+rw J rf;&ifqikd af e&aom 'kurQ sm;jzpfavonf? olw@kd rSm olw@dk bk;d bGm;ydik f v,f,majrav;rsm; jyef&zd@k awmif;qdw k mudyk J rw&m; tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

cH&wmvnf; olwdk@/ rauseyfvdk@ qENjyawmh tzrf;cH&awmhvnf; olwdk@/ axmifcscH& awmhvnf; olw@kd / awmifov l ,form; ausmrG}J u;D rsm;taejzifh &moDOwk tcuftcJrsm; =um;rSm &&Sdvmaom oD;ESHrsm;udk a&mif;cs&mwGifvnf; w¶kwf0,fvuf&JŒ acgif;yHkjzwf tjrwfxkwfr_udk cHae&jcif;a=umifh qif;&JwGif;u eufoxufeufvmwmyJ tzwfwif avonf? olw@kd rSm jynfwiG ;f jynfy b,fo@l udrk S tm;ud;k p&mr&Sad wmh/ ud, k t f m;ud;k rdwo hJ u l ud, k u hf kd jyef'u k aQ y;avawmh olw@kd rSm tm;ud;k &mrJah vawmhonf? tckawmh tm;rud;k &csif aeygapawmh 'kurQ ay;&ifbJ 0rf;om&r,hf tajctae jzpfaeavonf? qif;&JraJG wr_ avSsmch sr,fqakd wmh olw@kd 0rf;om arSsmv f if=h u&onf? od@k aomfvnf; bmrSxl;jcm;rvmyg? +rdKŒ }uD;awGrSmawmh tenf;i,fajymif;vJ wdk;wufr_&Sdayr,hf awm&Gmaus;vufrsm;awmh rxl;jcm;ao;yg? ajz&Sif;ray;¶Hkomru v,f,majrodrf;r_ jy\emonfom wjznf;jznf; ydkI}uD;xGm;vmwmyJ&Sdonf? ajyvnfoGm;onf r&Sdyg? tpdk;&u ajz&Sif;ay;onf r&SdcJh? rdausmif;uefoydwfpcef;qdkvSsif av;vausmf+yD jzpfaomfvnf; rsuEf mS v$x J m;wke;f yif? rajz&Si;f ¶Ho k mru acgi;f aqmifukd zrf;qD;axmifcsz@kd vkyaf qmifaeav+y?D jy\emwpfckudk vwfwavm &Sif;vSsif+yD;a&mqdk+yD; zrf;qD;axmifcsaom vky&f yfonf rSeu f efaom ajz&Si;f r_r[kwyf g? vwfwavmrSmawmh +ird ;f at;oGm;Edik af yr,hf a&&SnfrSmawmh qENjyr_awG qufwdkuf}uHKawGŒ&ayrnf? qENrjy&Jatmif qENjywdkif; zrf;qD;jcif;onf qENjyr_rsm; &yfqikd ;f oGm;rnf r[kwyf g? tESpEf pS t f vvu cHpm;cJ&h aom qif;&Jjcif;/ tEdik u f sijhf cif;/ zdEydS cf sKycf s,jf cif;awGe@J wGe;f tm;aumif;aeaom olw@kd ESv;kH om; rsm;u 'Dwpfcgawmh aemufqw k af y;oGm;awmhrnf rxifyg? olw@kd bufu pOf;pm;=unfah wmh tawmf&ifemp&m aumif;vSonf? wpfEikd if v H ;kH jynforl sm; vG,v f ifw h ul pm;oH;k aeonfomru jynfyEdik if rH sm;txd wify@kd aeaom qef/ aumufyo J ;D ESrH sm;udk 'Dawmifov l ,form; ausmrG}J u;D rsm;u qif;qif;&J&eJ @J EGm;eJ@zuf¶ek ;f +y;D pdu k yf sK;d cJ&h onfrsm;om jzpfavonf? jrefrmEdik if o H nf pufrx _ eG ;f um;wJEh ikd if H r[kwaf o;yg? pdkufysKd;a&;udkyJ t"duxm;&aomEdkifiH jzpfonf? pdkufysKd;a&;udk tajccH+yD; acwfrDzGHŒ+zdK; wdk;wufaom EdkifiHawmf wnfaxmifrnf[k qdkavonf? pdkufysKd;zdk@ v,f,majrawG vdu k o f rd ;f aewm/ pdu k yf sK;d aewJh awmifov l ,form;awGukd zrf;qD;axmifcsaewmawG[m tajymeJ@vky&f yf wjcm;pDjzpfaeonf? olw@kd rSm olw@dk bk;d bGm;ydik f v,f,majrav;rsm; jyef&zd@k awmif;qdw k mudyk J rw&m; zrf;qD;cH=u&onf? ud, k pf m;aewJh xrif;&Si/f aus;Zl;&Si}f u;D rsm;udk aus;Zl;rwifcsiv f sS if aevd@k &ygonf? aus;Zl;awmh ruef;oifyh g? 'Djy\emawG +ird ;f at;zd@k b,foal wGrmS wm0ef&o dS vJ/ jynforl sm;u tm;ud;k +y;D wifajrmS ufxm;aom tpd;k &omvSsif wm0ef&Sdayonf? EdkifiHhacgif;aqmifqdkonfrSm rdrdEdkifiH&JŒ zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufzdk@/ rdrdEdkifiH&JŒ tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

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pdk;cdki fndef;

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

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pufwifbm 24 oydwaf rSmuf+y;D Ekid if w H iG ;f tEœ&m,fuif;&Si;f ap&ef +rKd Œ&GmtES@H y&dwf &Gwyf /GJ arwWmyd@k qkawmif;yJrG sm; vSnhf vnfusi;f y=ujyefonf? te,fe,frS &[ef;oH Cmawmfrsm; &efuek o f @kd 76

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pka0;a&muf&dSvm=uonf? yxrpk&yfrSm ql;avapwDjzpf+yD; aemufydkif;wGif a&$wd*kH ta&SŒbufrck Yf pk&yfjzpfvmonf? oHCmawmf rsm; vSnv hf nf&m t&yfwidk ;f a&oef@/ uGr;f ,m/ csKcd sOf ponfrsm;udk vlxu k qufuyf=uonf? wjznf;jznf; vly*k Kd~ vrf sm;yg yg0ifvm =uonf?

pufwifbm 25 eHeufapmapmav;uyif a&$w*d Hk bk&m;ta&SŒrkcrf mS &[ef;oHCmrsm;/ jynforl sm; pwifpk¶kH;a&muf&dSae+yD; rvSrf;rurf;rSm &JwyfzJGŒ0ifrsm;/ vHkxdef;rsm;u toifhae&m ,lxm;=u+yD; jzpfonf? a&oef@ykvif;rsm;/ qGrf;rsm; vSL'gef;rnfh tvSL&Sifrsm;uvnf; vrf ; ab;0J , m toif h a e&m,l x m; =uonf ? ae@v,f tcsd e f w G i f y&d w f a wmf rsm;&Gwzf wfvsuf &[ef;awmfrsm; +ird ;f csr;f pGmcsw D ufvm=uonf? arwWm yd@k qkawmif;oHrsm; v$r;f +cKH vsu?f vltcsi;f csi;f vSnyfh wfjcif; uif;&Sif;=uygap? wk@d arwWmpGr;f urBmv$r;f +idrf;csrf;=uygap? ausmif;om;vli,frsm;/ jynfol vlxkrsm;/ oHCmawmfrsm;ESifh csdwfquf yl;aygif;vdkuf=uav+yD? a&$wd*kH 0ef;usif/ ql;av0ef;usifESifh yef;qkd; wef;vrf;r}uD; wpf a vS s muf omoemh tvH r sm;/ cG y f a 'gif ; tvH r sm; wvl v l vG i f h 0 J a e=uvsuf ? aoewfoHrsm;/ rD;cdk;AHk;rsm;/ rD; avmifu|rf;aeaom um;rsm;? &ef ukefwpf+rdKŒvHk; tke;f tke;f uGsuu f sG uf jrnf[;D yGuaf vm¶du k af e+y?D rD;cd;k AH;k / rsu&f nf,Akd ;kH wk@d a=umifh cdu k av; rsm; wjzKwjf zKwf jyKwu f sae=uonf?

pufwifbm 26 &[ef;awmfrsm; pkaygi;f =ucG sD arwWmyd@k &Gwzf wfae=uonfrmS 3 &ufjynhcf +hJ y?D tajctaeum;ydv k @kd wif;rmat;pufae=u+y;D ql;avvrf; ESihf taemf&xm vrf;qHak e&mwGif vl tky}f u;D rsm; pka0;a&muf&aSd e=u+y;D oHCmawmfrsm;ukd vufcyk w f ;D tm; ay;jcif;/ tcsK&d nf/ uGr;f ,m/ o=um; vH;k rsm; vSL'ge;f jcif; wk@d ukd a&m ufav &m ae&mwkid ;f wGif qufuyfvLS 'ge;f +rJ? oHCmawmfrsm;omru vlxk vlwef;pm; aygif;pHk wpfcJeufcsDwufae =uonf? aoewfoHrsm;/ rD;cdk;aiGŒrsm; =um;ae/ jrifae&onf? noef;acgif,HtcsdefrSpI aiG =um,Hausmif;wku d Ef iS hf tjcm;emrnf ausmf bke;f awmf}u;D a usmif; wk@d ukd 0if a&mufp;D eif;+y;D &[ef;awmfrsm;udk ¶du k Ef u S zf rf;qD;cJ=h uonf? t&yfom; ESpaf ,mufukd ypfowfc=hJ uonf? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

pufwifbm 27 a&$0ga&mif awmfveS af &;. 'D a&t&deS t f [kef tjrifq h ;kH ae@jzpfonf? rae@nu ausmif;wku d rf sm;udk 0ifa&mufp;D eif;aom owif;a=umifh jynfov l x l ak wG vrf;ray:ok@d +yKd us vmonf? wihu f m;rsm;/ vufeuftjynfh tpHk wyfqifxm;aom ppfom;rsm; tkypf zk ล GJ oGm;ae =uonf? vlx. k aยบuG;a=umforH mS ajymif;vJomG ;awmhonf? Adv k cf sKyfay;wJh ppfynm jynfoal wGukd owfz@kd r[kwb f ;l ? xdkae@utouf 50 t&G,f*syef owif;axmuf uifcsDe*gtd ypfowf cHvdkuf&onf? ql;avESifh taemf&xm vrf;qHk&mteD;vltkyf xJrSm jzpfonf?umzsL; trde@f atmufrmS &efuek f nonf wdwq f w d pf mG wkecf gvsu?f at;pufpmG qdw+f ird v f su?f rk;d um;wa0ga0g &GmoGe;f aeqJ?

armifckdi vf wf (http://www.popularmyanmar.com

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

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acwfpum; Ak'<bmomw&m;awmfESihf urBm hjidrf;csrf;a&;

oDw*l q&mawmf a'gufwm t&SiOf m%d\& tjyifurBm=uD;&J hjidrf;csrf;a&;ukd c%xm;prf;yg ... twGi;f urBmvd@k ac:wJh Inidividual World wpfa,mufq/D wpfa,mufqeD @J qkid w f u hJ rBm&J@ jidrf;csrf;a&;ukd t&ifvkyf...

r=umcifuav;u tdE, dN jynf=u;D &J ah jrmufbuf uuf&rfS ;D ,m;&J t h a&Sah jrmuf vm'ufu jyefvmw,f? vm'ufrmS bke;f =u;D w&m;a[mw,f? Buddhist Centre qkjd y;D awmh Ak'b < momtzGJ &h J Xh mecsKyjf rKd v h ,facgirf mS zGix fh m;w,f? wpfjrKd v h ;kH ykpd wm axmifjy;D awmh a=umfjimvku d af wmh Ak'b < mom0ifa&m / c&pf,mefpwJh tjcm;bmom0ifawGa&m tm;vH;k vmjyD;awmh em;axmif=uw,f? Tourist awGuvnf; t&rf;aygw,f? olwkd hvnf; vmem;axmif=uw,f? acgi;f pOfu bke;f =u;D ay;wJh acgi;f pOfr[kwb f ;l ? olwdk ah y;wJah cgi;f pOf? Buddhist and World Peace Ak'b < momw&m;awmfEiS fh urBmjh ird ;f csr;f a&; qkw d ahJ cgi;f pOfudk a[m&rSm?

urBmqkdwm bmvJ pifay:a&mufawmh bke;f =u;D u bma[movJq&dk if The World urBmqkw d m bmac:wmvJ? bke;f =u;D u tJ'u D pwm? a& ajr / awm awmif / ae v / euQwf wm&m / yifv,f ork'&N m / t*Fvyd f tar&duef *syef uk&d ;D ,m; jrefrm 'gawG tukev f ;kH ukd rif;wk@d u urBmvkd ah c:csio f vm;? rif;wkd ah c:csiv f nf; ac:&ygw,f? wkd hAk'<uawmh ajczsm;rS qHyifzsm;wkdifatmif wpfvHrSs&SdwJh cE<mukd,fukd tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

"wpfurBm" vkd o h wfrw S w f ,f? tJ'aD wmh urBmu vl t h jyifbufrmS &Sw d hJ tjyifurBm ESifh vlom; wpfa,mufcsi;f wpfa,mufcsi;f &J t h wGi;f urBmqkjd y;D 2 rsKd ;&Sw d ,f? bkef;=uD;u olwkd@ukd "tjyifurBm=uD;&J@ jidrf;csrf;a&;ukd c%xm;prf;ygtHk;? twGi;f urBmvkd ah c:wJh Individual World wpfa,mufqD wpfa,mufqD ESifh qkid w f u hJ rBm&J@ jird ;f csr;f a&;ukd yJ rif;wkd v h yk =f uygumG " vkd b h ek ;f =u;D uajymvku d w f ,f? tm&S/ tmz&du/ Oa&my/ tar&du jird ;f csr;f a&;awGudk rif;wkd ch %xm; / rif;wk@d wpfa,mufcsi;f wpfa,mufcsi;f &J jh ird ;f csr;f a&; Individual Peace ukrd S rwnfaqmufEidk &f if urBmh jird ;f csr;f a&;qkw d m t"dym` ,fr&Sb d ;l ? tJ'D jird ;f csr;f a&;rsKd ;ukv d nf; igawmh r,Hb k ;l ?

urBmppf. tp 'Dawmh "urBmppfqw dk m b,fupovJ" qk&d if t*Fvyd u f pw,f? tar&duefu pw,f? [pfwvmu pw,f? uGefjrLepfu pw,f? qkd&S,fvpfu pw,f qkdwmawG ajymraeygeJ ?h 'gawGwpfcrk S r[kwb f ;l ? ppfudk b,fupovJ qk&d if pdwu f pw,f? vlwpfa,mufcsi;f wpfa,mufcsi;f &J@ pd w f " mwf u aejyD ; awmh pwm? tJ ' ga=umih f urB m h jid r f ; csrf ; a&;uk d rvk y f a o;cif bmt&ifvkyfrvJ / wpfa,mufcsif; wpfa,mufcsif;&J hpdwf"mwfjidrf;csrf;a&;ukd t&if vky&f r,f? "wpfa,mufcsi;f wpfa,mufcsi;f &J ph w d "f mwfjird ;f csr;f a&;ukd t&ifvyk &f jcif;onf Ak'0< g'yJ? 'geJ yh wfowfvdk rh if;wkd ah pm'u wufp&m&S&d if wuf=u? ar;p&m&S&d if ar;=u" ajymjy;D =um;xJrmS c%avmuf w&m;&yfxm;w,f? b,forl S bmrSrar;=ubl;? jird af e =uw,f? "rif;wkd t h 'J aD vmuf jird jf ird af e&if jird ;f csr;f a&;&jy"D vkd ah jymawmh olwdk t h m;vH;k &,f=uw,f? urBmppfqw dk hJ pum;vH;k [m ajymae=utwkid ;f om ajymwm? wpfu,fawmh urBmu rpbl;? pdwfu pygw,f? urBmppfukd pdwfup&if urBmh jidrf;csrf;a&;ukdvnf; 'Dpw d u f yif pwifwnfaqmuf&rSmjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umihf pdw&f J jh ird ;f csr;f a&;ukd tar&duefaxmifom; ESpaf ,muf ESifh ae&l;wk@d u Ak'&< yk yf akH wmfwdk u h kd =unh=f unhjf y;D awmh olwdk &h J ph w d "f mwfjird ;f csr;f a&;ukd ,lomG ;=uw,f? &vnf; &oGm;=uw,f? tar&duefv=l u;D u "rRy'pmtkyu f dk r&&atmif &Smzwfjy;D awmh axmifxrJ mS tJ'D"rRy'w&m;ukd wjcm;axmifom;awGukd a[mjyw,f? a[m&if; a[m&if; eJ@ olaxmifuvGwaf wmh c&pf,mefbek ;f =u;D jzpfwmyJ? c&pf,mefbek ;f =u;D bmESijfh zpfovJq&dk if "rRy'eJ jh zpfwm? 'DtusO;f axmifrmS Ak'b < mom0ifvnf; &Srd mS yJ? c&pf,mefbmom0ifvnf; &Srd mS yJ? 80

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

tpPvmrfbmom0ifvnf; &Srd mS yJ? [dELN bmom0ifvnf; &Srd mS yJ? *sK;vnf; &Srd mS yJ? c&pf,mefawG&J u h ;dk uG,&f mu God / *sL;wkd &h J u h ;dk uG,&f mu a,[k;d 0g; /tpPvmrf wk@d &J h ud;k uG,&f mu tv†mt&Sijf rwf / 'gawGu uk;d uG,pf &mawG? 'Du;dk uG,pf &m trsKd ;rsKd ;ukd b,fvydk if uk;d uG,f uk;d uG,f udprP &Syd gb;l ? God ukd &Scd ;dk &ifvnf; &Scd ;dk ayg?h tv†mukv d nf; OD;wku d cf sif OD;wku d af yg?h ta&;r=u;D ygb;l ?

ta&;}uD;qHk; tvkyfESpfck uk;d uG,pf &mu y"me r[kwb f ;l ? pdwu f dk jyifzdk u h y"me? uk;d uG,pf &maygi;f rsm;pGmukd tukev f ;kH odr;f usLH ;uk;d uG,af eapumrl pdwu f dk rjyifEidk af o;orSs tJ'yD *k Kd~ vaf wG&@J pd w f " mwf [ m jid r f ; csrf ; a&; r&Ek d i f b l ; ? pd w f " mwf j id r f ; csrf ; a&; Mental Peace ( wpfenf;ajym&&if ) pdw"f mwf,Ofaus;r_ Mental Culture? 'Dawmh pdw"f mwfjird ;f csr;f a&;ukd aemufrv S yk yf g? pdw&f J jh ird ;f csr;f r_udk b,fupvkyf &rvJ? pdw"f mwf,Ofaus;r_EiS fh pwifI wnfaqmuf&r,f? 'DEpS cf [ k m vlom;tm;vH;k rSm ta&;=u;D wJh tcsujf zpfygw,f? b,fbmom0ifrqkd b,fb&k m;ukyd J uk;d uG,f / uk;d uG,f 'DEpS cf suu f dk t"du xm;jy;D awmh tm;vH;k vky=f u&r,f? pdwf"mwf ,Ofaus;r_ ESihf pdwf"mwfjidrf;csrf;a&;r_ 'DESpfck y"me xm;jyD;awmh tm;vHk;vkyf=u&r,f? 'Dawmh pdwf"mwf,Ofaus;r_ ESihf pdwf"mwfjidrf;csrf;a&;r_ESpfckukd tjynhft0&atmif vkyfEkdifw,fqkd&if pdwfxJrSm tm;vHk;jynhfpHkoGm;vdrhfrnf? pdwf"mwf r,Ofaus;ao;orSs tJ'yD *k Kd~ v&f J ph w d x f rJ mS bmrS jynhpf rkH mS r[kwb f ;l ? taemufbufu wkid ;f jynfawGudk =unhv f u dk &f if &kyyf idk ;f qkid &f m 0xˆKawG tm;vH;k jynhpf w kH ,f? 'gayr,hf pdwx f rJ mS tjrw J rf;vkad ew,f? olwdk u h dk ar;=unhv f u dk &f if jynhpf w kH ,f vkd b h ,faomtcgrS rajym=ubl;? bke;f =u;D wkd t h a&Sb h ufwidk ;f jynfawGuawmh &kyyf idk ;f qkid &f m rSm vkad ewmrSew f ,f? okd ah omf pdwyf idk ;f qkid &f m jynhpf w kH hJ tajccHtm;vH;k tvHt k avmuf &Sw d ,f?

tm&SrSm tukefvHk;jynhfpHkw,f odomatmifajym&r,fq&dk if Jesus Christ b,frmS arG;vJ? tm&SrmS arG;w,f? od'w < aˆ *gwr b,frmS arG;vJ? tm&SrmS arG;w,f? [dELN bmomukd wnfaxmif=uwJh Jh Brahim awGvnf; tm&Srm S yJ arG;=uw,f? tpPvmrfbmomukd wnfaxmifwhJ rk[ d mruf vnf; tm&SrmS yJarG;w,f? 'ga=umihf pdw"f mwfudk jznhpf u G zf dk &h ef Mental Fulfilment twGuf Mental Culture , Mental Happiness enf;pepfawG tm&SrSm tukefvHk; tjynhftpHk&Sdw,f? [kd taemufbuf wkid ;f jynfawGrmS awmh r&Sb d ;l ? 'ga=umihf Oa&my/ tar&du pwJh taemufwidk ;f tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

uvlawG tm&Sbufuydk J &Scd ;dk ae&w,f? Ak'u < dk &Scd ;dk csiw f ,fq&dk if taemufuvlawG ta&Su h dk vSr;f &Scd ;dk &w,f? Jesus Christ ukd &Sc d ;dk csiw f ,fq&dk ifvnf; ta&Su h ydk J vSr;f &Scd ;dk &w,f? bke;f =u;D wk@d ta&S@buf wkid ;f jynfu [kt d aemufbufu wkid ;f jynfawGxuf Civilize ,Ofaus;r_yjdk zpfw,f? 'gukd ta&Shwkdif;om;awGu tm;&*k%f,l0ihf=uGm;jyD;awmh ukd,hfqDrSm&SdaewJh pdw"f mwf,Ofaus;r_ / pdw"f mwfjird ;f csr;f r_wdk Eh iS fh ywfowfwhJ enf;pepfawGudk tjynht f 0 toH;k rcsEidk b f ;l &if tm&Swidk ;f om;awG t=u;D tus,f epfemr,f? [kdbufu vlawGu Ak'<w&m;awmfawGukd c&pf,mef Chruch ausmif;rSm oH;k oGm;w,f? Ak'w < &m; ESifh q&mvkyaf e=uw,f? 'g0efwpdk &mr[kwb f ;l ? ody0f rf;omp&m aumif;w,f? vlom;wpfa,mufcsi;f wpfa,mufcsi;f &J ph w d "f mwf,Ofaus;r_ ESifh pdw"f mwf jidrf;csrf;a&;ukd Ak'<w&m;awmfxJu aejyD;awmh ,loHk;ae=uwm[m "rR&J hwefzkd;ukd em;vnf=uzkd yh ?J c&pf,mefbkef;=uD;u "Ak'<w&m;[m Common Religion vlom;tm;vHk; ukd;uG,fzkd hbmomw&m;jzpfygw,f" vkd@ajymw,f? tvGefrSwfom;xkdufwJh pum;? av;pm;jrwfE;dk p&maumif;wJh pum;yJ?

oDw*l q&mawmf a'gufwm t&Si Of m%d\& (ZGefyGihfpmay rS 2011 atmufwkdbmvwGif yxrt=udrfxkwfa0aom "vli,fESihf "rRwefzkd;" pmtkyf rS) (pufwifbm 21 &ufae@wGif usa&mufaom World Peace Day (International Day Of Peace) txdrf;trSwftjzpf oDw*lq&mawmf a'gufwmt&SifOm%d\& . w&m;awmfudk acwfpum;tjzpf az: jyygonf?)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

pum;ajy ocsõKif;ukef;rSm

wifrdk; igwdk@ &Gmuav;. ajrmufbufwGif ocsõKif;ukef; &Sdonf? rao=uao;aom olwdk@onf &Gmuav;xJwGif udk,fhtdk;udk,fhtdrfESifh woD;wjcm; aexkdif=uonf? xef;&GufwJuav;rSmvnf; aexdkif=uonf? oufi,frdk; x&HumESifh ae=uolwdk@vnf; &So d nf? tcsKd Œ ypPn;f OpPm csr;f om=u, G 0f olw@kd onf oGyrf ;kd ysOaf xmiftrd Ef iS hf ae=uonf? aoqH;k =uaom tcgwiG f ocsKõ i;f ajrwGif wpkwa0; ae=u&awmhonf? ocsKõ i;f uke;f onf ae&m rus,v f ?S od@k &mwGif uG,v f eG o f l rSeo f rSsw@kd . wpfcw k nf;aom aetdrf jzpfavonf? ocsKõ i;f uke;f qDo@kd vSr;f =unfyh g? refusn;f yift}kd u;D oH;k av;yifonf cg;wH&n S }f u;D ESihf &yfae=uonf? wefaqmif;jyom'fyifrsm;onf csHKzGJ@I ae=uonf? anmifyif}uD; wpfyifonfvnf; rkwfqdwfzGm;zGm;ESifh w&m;qifjcifaeonf? Z&yfwefaqmif;onf refusn;f yif teD;rSm &So d nf? tkwcf ckH H oGyrf ;kd ESihf jzpfaomfvnf; crf;crf;em;em;um; r[kwv f ?S oGyrf ;kd vefonfh ae&m vefae+y?D tkycf syrf sm; uGmonfh ae&m uGmae+y?D tumt&Hum; vH;k 0 r&Sad cs? &Gmuav;. ajrmufbufodk@ xGufvdkufvSsif ocsõKif;ukef;udk jrifEdkifonf? wpfac:avmufyif ra0;vS? opfyif tkyt f yk u f av;ESihf pdr;f ykyyf yk f nSrd id_ ;f r_id ;f ayyif? T ocsKõ i;f uke;f uav;onf &Gmuav;. toufEiS hf trSs jzpfayvdrrhf nf? ol@udk &Gmol&mG om;wd@k rcsO;f uyfcsi=f uaomfvnf; rpGe@f y,fEikd af om ae&muav; jzpfonf? igw@kd ESihf upm;azmf jzpfaom acG;ndKEiS hf ykpwd@k onf ocsKõ i;f uke;f uav;od@k aepOf a&muf=uonf? ocsKõ i;f uke;f teD; jrufcif;pyfwiG f EGm;rsm;udk ausmif;&if; Z&yfwiG f olw@kd em;=u aecd=k uonf? Z&yfwiG f a&pufcso/H trSsa0oH/ a=u;pnfoEH iS hf ido k u H o kd m =um;&onf tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

r[kwf? ykavGoHuav;udkvnf; ae@wdkif; =um;ae&ao;onf? acG;ndKESifh ykpwdk@onf *Guav;uk, d pf ED iS hf refusn;f yif/ anmifyifw@kd wGif em;vmaom pmuav;rsm;udk ypfcwf rD;+rKd uI f pm;wwf=uayao;onf? od@k &mwGif igw@kd onf ocsKõ i;f uke;f uav; teD;od@k ruyf0?hH ocsKõ i;f uke;f uav; &Sd&modk@ igwdk@ &J&Jyif r=unfh0Hh? ajryJaumuf oGm;=uaomtcg ol@em;udk rwwfomI jzwfomG ;=u&vSsiv f nf; ajcr_e@f udk ezl;wd@k I cyfow k o f w k f oGm;wwf=uonf? v_yaf eaom wefaqmif;jyom'fyif/ ql;cuftHkxm;aom ajryHkrdk@rdk@uav;rsm;udk r0Hhw0Hh=unfhI jzwfvmcJ=h uonf? ae0if&;kd &Dtcsed f tdrjf yefvmaomtcg ocsKõ i;f uke;f uav;onf rv_yrf &Suf +ird o f ufvsuyf if &Sad omfvnf; xdo k @kd +ird o f ufjcif;onfyif pdwaf jcmufcsm;zG,f jzpfjyefonf? ocsõKif;ukef;txuf aumif;uifjyifwGif vif;wwdk@onf 0Jvsuf &Sd=uonf? &Gww f w G JG wGv J sm;usaom yg;ysO;f wd@k jzifh vif;wtdw k @kd onf ajryHt k eD;wGif ikww f w k }f u;D aewwf=uonf? vif;wtdkwdk@ teD;wGif usD;wdk@onf wtm;tm; waomaomESifh atmfjrnfae=uonf? igw@kd onf vif;wudk ra=umuf? vif;w}u;D rsm;onf olwyg;toufukd &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwf pm;aomufwwfaom owW0g r[kw[ f k vl}u;D olrrsm; ajymoH =um;zl;onf? iSub f ek ;f }u;D [kvnf; qd=k uonf? tavmif;aumif &S&d mod@k us;D uef;rsm;u vma&muf yifzh w d rf S pm;aomuf&ef vmwwf=uonf[k ajymavh&o dS nf? xd@k a=umifh igw@kd onf vif ; wud k ra=umuf ? od k @ &mwG i f yk y f a [mif a eaom tavmif ; aumif teD ; wG i f vif;w}u;D rsm;udk jrif&avh&o dS jzifh pufqyk &f &HG mS onfum; trSef jzpfawmhonf? ocsõKif;ajrwGif bkwf wap>wdk@ aeovdkvdk ajym=uojzifh ausmcsrf;rdonf? ntcgrsm;wGif ocsKõ i;f ajronf twdwq f w d q f ;kH ae&m jzpfonf? &Hzef&cH g ocsKõ i;f bufwiG f rD;a&muf wvufvuf jrif&wwfonf[k igh oli,fcsi;f rsm; ajym=uonf? uav;rom csavovm;? odu k q f &m/ atmufvrf;q&mrsm; tavmif;azmfavovm;? o&J rD;jyav ovm;;? igw@kd wyftyf rodacs? rnfo@kd yifjzpfap/ igw@kd onf ocsKõ i;f uke;f udk pufqyk x f w d v f ef@=uonfrmS um; aocsmonf? ocsKõ i;f uke;f od@k vSnrhf =unfch si=f uonfrmS vnf; aocsmonf? igwdk@ bkef;}uD;ausmif;om; b0wkef;uqdkvSsif r=umr=u ocsõKif;ukef;odk@ a&muf&onf? ra&mufcsiv f nf; rae&? tokb&_ c%c% vmyifah vh &So d nf? xdt k cgwiG f q&mawmfbkef;}uD; rsufpdrsufrSm romr,m &Sdwwfonfudk owdjyKrdonf? oem; u&k%mpdwjf zifh nnf;oHuv kd n;f =um;cJ&h zl;onf? a[h owW0greS o f rSs rvGwu f if;Edik w f hJ ab;}uD;yJvuG,f [k yifhoufcs[ef/ oHa0*&[efwdk@udkvnf; tzefzef jrifcJh&zl;onf? ouFe;f ud&k Hk puQKajEu N ckd sawmfrI l tokb&_ ºuGvsS if igw@kd ausmif;om;rsm;onf awmif;udk xrf;I vdu k yf g=u&onf? okomefa&mufvsS if &ifbwfpnfw;D ido k /H qHyifzsm;vsm;csae=u[ef 84

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

paom &_cif;rsm;ukd rjrifcsif rae&? r=um;csif rae& jzpfawmhonf? igonf bke;f }u;D ESit hf wl tokb&_vu kd &f ef ta=umufq;kH jzpfonf? na&mufvsS if tdyrf aysmaf wmhacs? tdyrf ufq;kd rsm; rufum vef@I atmfwwfonf? xkt d cg igu tr tr [k ac:aom taronf a&eH q D r D ; cG u f u d k xG e f ; um igh u d k acsmh y gavonf ? oem;=uifempGm ezl;udpk rf;/ &ifupkd rf;I tm;ay;ygavonf? a&mh a&mh/ vluav; a&wpfcu G f aomufvkdufaemf/ ra=umufeJ@aemf [k qdkum a&cyfay;ygonf? xdktcgusrS ighrSm ta=umufajyonf? igrh mS tar &So d m;yJ? bma=umufp&m &So d vJ [k tm;wifEikd o f nf? tdyfaysmfEdkifonf? bke;f }u;D ausmif;u xGuv f maomtcgwiG f tokb&_vu kd &f rnfah b;rS a0;awmh onf? omr_emr_ rSeo f rSs tronf wbufwpfxnfukd ac:ay:wifvsuf vdu k yf @kd avonf? &GmxJwiG f rom&Sv d sS if igw@kd onf trudk jrif&EHk iS hf odonf? tronf rsupf rd suEf mS raumif;? wzspaf wmufawmuf jrnfum a=uuGo J /H 0rf;enf;oHukd jyKavonf? xd@k aemuf wbufukd acgi;f ay:wif/ zdeyf+r;D wdu k kd w&Sy&f yS pf ;D um tokb&_ vdu k yf @kd avawmhonf? igwkd@onf ocsõKif;[laom toHudk r=um;vdk? xdkpum;onf igwdk@ESifhvnf; ruif;EdkifbJvsuf igwdk@ rESpfouf? xdkpum; =um;&vSsif aumif;aompum; r[kwf[k qdo k nfukd csujf cif; oabmayguo f nf? ocsKõ i;f qdak om pum; r=umEdik &f m t&yfonf tb,frmS enf;? igw@kd onf awmifw h rdonf? edAmŠ ef[k ajz=uonf? xdo k @kd jzpfvsS if igw@kd onf onfeAd mŠ efukd a&mufcsiv f aS wmhonf? edAmŠ efrmS okomef r&Sad cs? aumif ; vS . ? Twpf c suf w nf ; ES i f h y if ed A Š m ef o nf rnf r S s aysmf a rG @ p&m aumif;avrnfenf;[k awG;um edAmŠ efudk oabmusro d nf? edAmŠ efum; tb,frmS enf;? ocsKõ i;f rsm;pGmudk ausmjf zwf+y;D rS edAmŠ efa&mufrnfav? ocsKõ i;f ukd auG@I edAmŠ efukd oGm;Edik af omvrf; &So d avm? tdk Ak'o < cif? ocsKõ i;f ukd auG@I edAmŠ efukd a&mufEikd af omvrf; &Sv d sS if n$ejf yygO;D ocif? owW0gw@kd . ESv;kH tdrw f iG f ocsKõ i;f onf }u;D rm;pGm ESyd pf ufvsuf &Sad cs+y?D ol@xHo@kd twif;ac:onf? owW0gwikd ;f udk ac:onf? tcsi;f csi;f cGyJ pfonf? b0 jcm;ypfonf? edAmŠ efonf ocsKõ i;f . [drk b S ufY r&Sb d J onfrb S ufY &Srd nfqv kd sS if rnfrsS aumif;rnfenf;? igwdk@&Gmuav;awGif o=uFefyGJ vkyf.? tvGefpnfonf? ysdKysdKtdktdk rusef a&avmif;=u/ a&yuf=u/ ucke=f u/ EGm;rsm;udk ab;rJv h w $ =f uESihf wtke;f tke;f ? xdt k cgwiG f ocsõ K if ; uk e f ; ud k igwd k @ tzuf r vk y f ? &G m pnf u m; aysmf & $ i f v S s if ocsõ K if ; uk e f ; onf +ird o f ufaewwfonf? tcGit hf cgukd acsmif;ava&mhovm;? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

&GmwGif q&muefawmhyGJ/ oDwif;u|wfyGJ/ uxdefyGJ &SdvSsif tvGef aysmfp&m aumif;onf? ESo J /H AHo k /H ywfroHw@kd jzifh pdak jyonf? zd;k olawmf,rd ;f / OD;a&$&;kd tu/ ykÀm;r cifa&$t+idrfh ponfwdk@jzifh tkef;tkef;xaecsdefwGif ocsõKif;ajronf ÁajEN}uD;vSawmhonf? owW0g zrf;cge;D ajro G nf ÁajE&&ESihf +ird o f ufaeouJo h @kd yif jzpfonf? &GmpnfvSsif aumif;onf? ocsõKif;pnfvSsifum; &GmvHk; wdwfawmhrnf? us;D ESizhf w k zf w k f jzpfawmhrnf? igwdk@&Gmuav;wGif *syefacwfu yvdyfa&m*g jzpfonf? okomefajrwGif ajccsif ; vd r f = u+yD ? ES m &nf w&_ w f & _ w f / rsuf & nf wok w f o k w f E S i f h id k a =uG ; =u+yD ? ocsKõ i;f uke;f vrf;onf zHv k suf &Sad wmhonf? ocsKõ i;f uke;f od@k oGm;=uzefrsm;avaomtcg &Gmol&mG om;wd@k onf xrif;rpm;/ [if;rpm; Edik =f u? &GmrS xGuaf jy;=uonf? wpf&mG vH;k oHy;kH wD;/ x&Hyw k jf zifh awmxkw=f u.? ocsKõ i;f uke;f od@k ac:aom owW0gaumifukd armif;ESi=f u.? &Gmol&mG om;wd@k vnf; ausmif;uefb&k m;od@k a&$Œajymif; ae=u&avonf? oa&m}u;D cdik ;f pOfuvnf; xdo k @kd ? ausmuf}u;D aygu/f wkyaf uG;}u;D xpOfuvnf; xdo k @kd ? umv0rf;uspOfuvnf; xdo k @kd ? xdo k @kd xdo k @kd ESihf igw@kd &GmuvlawG rdrd td;k tdrrf mS cGmI ocsõKif;ukef; &Sd&mudk oGm;=u&onfrSm rsm;+yD? &Gmol&Gmom; rSeforSs wpfae@ae@wGif avsmif;puf=u&rnfh xm0& tdyf&m aywnf;? roGm;csiaf omfvnf; ae=u&rnf r[kw?f txkyt f yd;k tdy&f mvdyf ryg ocsKõ i;f ajr &S&d mod@k oGm;=u&ayOD;rnf? ol oGm;vSsif ig vdu k yf @kd I/ igomG ;aomtcgvnf; tjcm;olrsm;u vdkufydk@=u&ayOD;rnf? vdkufydk@=u&onfh tcgwdkif;vnf; aysmfaysmf&$if&$if r[kwf? 0rf;enf;yufvuf rsu&f nfpufpufjzifo h m jzpfonf? ocsKõ i;f onf aysmaf rG@zG,f rSeo f rSsukd armif;xkwcf +hJ y?D 0rf;enf;r_ id&k u d_ rf w _ @kd onf ocsKõ i;f ajrudk pd;k rd;k tkycf sKycf ahJ v+y?D vGecf ahJ omESpu f igh tar uG,v f eG cf o hJ nf? ocsKõ i;f rS apwrefonf igt h arxHo@kd vma&muf qifah c:onf? ig cspjf rwfE;kd I tr[k ac:aom taronf igw@kd udyk if E_wcf eG ;f rqufEdkif&SmbJ &kwfw&uf igwdk@ tdrfrSm xGufcGmoGm;cJhonf? &GmxJ&Sdaom vlwdk@udk wpfa,muf+y;D wpfa,muf tvSnu hf s ac:aqmif oGm;wwfaom aorif;. apwrefukd igw@kd =um;zl;yg.? od@k &mwGif TrSsavmuf tavmw}u;D vma&mufvrd rhf nf [lIum; igw@kd awG;rSsyif rawG;rdygay? tarhukd ocsKõ i;f od@k vdu k yf @kd =uonf? igt h azonf ,lusKH ;r&? igh rronf tylr;D wavmifavmif? igEh rS i,fonf tarhudk zufvsu?f igrh mS rlum; xdck %0,f aomu. pka0;&m uk, d cf E<m jzpfavonf? tarh yg;jyifukd aemufq;kH erf;.? tarh ajc&if;wGif aemufq;kH ESyd ef ,f 0wfjyKay;.? tarhukd ig uefawmh.? taronf pum;vnf; rqd?k id, k jkd cif;udv k nf; rjyK/ om"krsS vnf; rac:? rsuv f m$ udk 86

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

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wifrdk; (rsuf&_ okw/ &o r*~Zif; rS)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(12)

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