အလင္းအိမ္မဂၢဇင္း အတြဲ (၆) အမွတ္ (၉) by derric maw

jrefrmouU&mZf 13&5 / jymodkv

2006 ckESpf/ {+yDv wGifpwifxkwfa0onf? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

jrefrmouU&mZf 13&5 / jymodkv

2006 ckESpf/ {+yDv wGifpwifxkwfa0onf? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

rmwdum tvif;tdrpf um;

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6 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 22

atmfyu D s,/f ajrZm/ armifvif;/ ATH

oef;0if;vd_if

a'guw f m"rRy, d (ITBMU) OD;oef;xGe;f (jrif;+c)H OD;armifarmif (wdu k sKd ) oef;pdk;Edkif &Jabmfzdk;oHacsmif;

35 40 49 58 65

umwGe;f tifwmeufru S mwGe;f rsm;

ordik ;f qdik &f m okw/ &o a&S;OD;jrefrm Edik if aH &;ynmusr;f

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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68 73 80 84 90 93 100 103 105

rif;udkEdkif rif;xifuu kd }kd u;D

109 110

ae0if;jrifh

111

OD;bke;f ("gw)k jroef;wifh armifpdk;csdef

121 130 137

tdraf jrmS ifavSmiftrd f (60) &ke;f xGucf &hJ aom jrefrmjynf

ausmaf usmpf ;kd (*syef) oef;0if;vd_if

151 159

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tvif;tdrrf 'D , D m

164

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tufaq; [dr0EWmod@k wrf;csi;f

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bmomjyef tcef;quf

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

ppftm%m&Sif pdw}f uKd uaf &;qGx J m;um t"rR twnfjyK jyXmef;usio hf akH eaom 2008 ckESpf tajccH Oya'onf wdkif;jynftm%mudk ppfwyfrS xm0, pdk;rdk;csKyfudkif cs,v f , S af &; jzpfonf? TtajccHOya'udyk if ajymif;vJjyKjyif&ef 'Dru kd a&pD tiftm;pkrsm;rS at;csr;f pGm yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af e=uygonf? vuf&Sd tm%mydkifqdkifxm;olwdk@onf wcsdefu AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; tarGcH/ ppftkyfpk0if tm%m&Sif. =oZmcH ppf,leDazgif;0wf ppfAdkvfrsm;rS t&yf0wf ajymif;vJ 0wfqifxm;aom olrsm;jzpf=uonf? xdo k w l @kd txl;owdjyK&efrmS ud, k u f , kd w f ikd u f jyKjyif ajymif;vJaeyg+y[ D k qdak om EdkifiHudk trSefwu,f tppftrSef jyKjyifajymif;vJ&efyifjzpfonf? ypPnf;/ OpPm/ pnf;pdrf/ tm%mwd@k onf aqGpOfrsKd ;quf/ b0tqufquf wnfwchH ikd +f raJ ernf r[kw/f vlwpf l @kd a,muf.&yfwnfr/_ *k%o f u d Qm wefz;kd om ordik ;f wGif use&f pfayvdrrhf nf? use&f pfow tqufquf b0wGif wefz;kd &S&d dS vl&m0if &yfwnfaeEdik rf nfjzpfonf? xd@k tjyif wdik ;f jynfukd wu,f tppftrSef cspjf rwfE;kd ygu tzufzufrS edru hf s/ ysupf ;D aeaom wdik ;f jynf vufawG@b0udk =unfjh rifum jyKjyifxrd ;f odr;f umuG,&f rnf jzpfonf? ,ae@umvonf xdt k cGit hf a&;udk vuf&dS tm%m&aeolw@kd &&Syd q kd ikd f xm;=u avonf? tcGit hf a&;onf b0wGif rnfonft h cgrS (2) cg r&&Sad y? wdik ;f jynf&@J trSm; trSe/f tusKd ;ta=umif;/ "rR/ t"rRukd ppfreS pf mG cGjJ cm;+y;D &yfwnfum ppfreS af om jyKjyif ajymif;vJa&;udk aqmif&u G Ef ikd =f uygap? tm%m&SifrSefor# usqHk;ap&rnf tvif;tdrf&Jabmfrsm;

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

wdk H hwdkif;jynf

xavmhjrefrm/ tdjk refrmwd@k wd@k &Gm/ wd@k ajr/ wd@k &Gmajr0,f apwD/ pyg;rsm;vnf;rsm;. rsm;ygavvJ/ wrGrJ EJG iS hf qif;&Jumom/ umv=umvSsif ,mpumrsdK;/ w!_d;h!d_;ESifh ykxdk; jrifharmif;/ ausmif;}udKausmif;=um; vSnv hf nfomG ;vsuf rpm;av&/ 0rf;r0I qGr;f rSs rwifEikd &f rdS nfwnf;....?

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

xavmhjrefrm/ tdjk refrmwd@k wd@k &Gmwd@k ajr/ wd@k ajr&Gm0,f a&csKd aomuf&ef/ jrpfacsmif;uefEiS hf oD;ESHcsdKysm;/ rsm;vnf;rsm;. rsm;ygavvJ/ wrGrJ EJG iS hf qif;&Jumom/ umv=umvSsif jrifomjrif&/ rpm;&I awmu+yw d mW jzpfrnfwnf;....? xavmhjrefrm/ jrefrmxavmh tm;raysmEh iS /hf ravSsmv h @kH v olupI/ igutm;vH;k vuf¶;kH jrm;ajrmif/ Om%fjrm;ajrmifEiS hf pGr;f aqmif=uav/ aqmif=uavavmh TajrT&Gm/ b,fo@l &GmvJ T,mpyg;/ b,fo@l pyg;vJ xm;avmhwm0ef/ yGeaf vmhvyk if ef; Om%fa&SŒyef;I w0rf;wpdwf nDapownf;....?

aZmf*sD

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

jynf}uD;0ef tm;oGef}udK; (r,fwdk hwm)

armif&if}u;D ESihf armif&ifi,f/ jynf}uD;0ef tm;oGef}udK; yd;k ygaygu h , G ?f tpfr}u;D wJh aiGpy,f nDri,fwhJ a&$pum; r,fw@kd wm r[m&atmif }udK;}updk@vm;?

rif;ok0%f 8

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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rif;udkEdki f 17/ 10/ 2012 tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

pyfrdpyf&m 2013

bmvky&f rSmvJ us;D eJ@bkwf a&;wJph mtkyf xkw+f y;D v$iyhf pfvu kd ?f xrif;pm;wmvnf; EdkifiHa&;yJ tdr&f iS rf awG aps;zd;k ravmufv@kd qJa&;wmvnf; EdkifiHa&;yJ qdu k mU ;orm; bD;ayguw f mvnf; EdkifiHa&;yJ yJjyKwo f nf cvkyw f u kd w f mvnf; EdkifiHa&;yJ? bmawGvma&mif;aewmvJ rif;ta&;tom;u aoG;qH;k udik v f @kd ? 10

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

[dv k }l u;D r}u;D ri,fe@J +cpH nf;&d;k ab; uif;+r;D aumufaxmifv@kd rpifwiG ;f xJ apmufx;kd u|r;f jyefusomG ;OD;r,f? 'DavmurSm ESmbl;awG *ef';l awG omul;awG uGew f ed ef meJ@tjynf?h awmf+yD rD;ar$;awmh yvdik ;f xJuzm;awG teH@xGuaf e+y?D

atmifbndK (2014 yef;uAsm acwfay:uAsmqk&)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

vmavh

raoyJusefaewm uHaumif;wmvm; uHq;kd wmvm; uHu, kd +kH y;D ql;yHek if;wm r[kwcf b hJ ;l ....? yxr 26 ESpf 'kw, d 25 ESpf acwf}u;D uvnf; 'Dtwdik ;f pHepf}u;D uvnf; 'Dtwdik ;f 'Dtwdik q f kd raocifawmh wcsw D armif;....?

armifpdrf;eD 1/ 8/ 2013

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

nDnGwfa&; vufnSdK;wacsmif; tm;aumif;aew,ff... vufrwacsmif; tm;aumif;aew,f... vufig;acsmif;eJ@ aygi;f &r,hf vufo;D qkyf tm;,kwaf eovm;...?

aerif;eD ( NANDA TINTSWE

azhbkwfrS ul;,laz:+yygonf?)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

vJyGifh tdr=f u;D tdraf umif;qefqef rsuEf mS ay;eJ@ twGi;f a&;awG jcpm;aewJ@ tdraf v;xJ usrwd@k b0awGu trJvu kd cf aH eusyg armif ? aEG;axG;r_Œqdw k m taumif;pm; taEG;xnfvkd tjraJ ps;}u;D vdk ah ecJ@awmh a&mufwwf&majrjyifrmS tajcwifzh kd rh meud&k u G zf iG hf avESi&f mvGichf @J &wJ@ b0u vJyiG ahf v;vdk ?

oufESi f;tdrf 5 / 1 /2014

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

}udK;aysmuf&kyfao; qGaJ ewJ}h uKd ;awGazsmufxm; uifr&mvSnphf m;r_e@J &kyfao;obifudk &Sif&SiftoGif prf;oyfwifqufaewJyh ?JG rsupf x d J tjrifenf;enf;qef;ovkv d ?dk taotcsm=unfv h u dk rf S u}uKd ;uuGuaf wGu &kyfao;pifay:utwkdif;?

rkd;opfa0 2013/ 'DZifbm/ &eHŒopf

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

acwfeJŒ tjypfeJŒ aemifESpfcg wefaqmifrkef;

ckwavm 2015 awG acwfpm;aew,f pm&Guaf y:rSmawmh ordik ;f [mvnfaew,f owif;pmxJrmS awmh rD;[mvif;aew,f ae&mwum tajymif;tvJe@J ta[mif;topfc&JG wm cufvmw,f ppfyGJawGu r&yfao;bl;vm; jrm;awGu ypfrw S u f x kd zd @kd vrf;rSm&yf+y;D awGa0ae=u ta&GŒ[m wu,fa&GŒ&JŒvm; ta&GŒ[m ta&$ŒcHae&+yDvm; ausmif;oGm;azmfoli,fcsif; rif;b,fqDrSm acwf}u;D u yGwo f vdk a&SŒrwd;k aemufrqkwf opfyifawGu ckww f ek ;f vm; awmifawGaum +zdKwkef;vm; v,f,majrawGvnf; &Sif;vdk@udk r+yD;bl; qif;&Jom;avSsmhcszdk@ igwdk@ aoay;&rvm; qENjyzdk@ qENawmif;cHae&wkef;

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

vrf;awGu yd&k n S o f avmuf b0awGu wkv d mw,f jrpfawGuajzmifv h m+y;D b0awGu aumufvmw,f owif;awGuawmh tqufrjywf xkwv f i$ ahf ewmyJ rif;wd@k t&yfaum bmxl;wke;f 'DrSmawmh bezl;odkufwl;cHae&+yD jynfoal wGu tvky&f mS ;aew,f orRw}u;D u tvkyrf sm;aew,f igw@kd u bmrSrodao;wJh 'Dru kd a&pDvckd sif orRw}u;D uvnf; orRwjzpfcsif a&$buvnf; wpfjym;om;rSravSsmh ajym&&if Akv d af tmif'ifuvnf; Akv d af tmif'if rjr0if;uvnf; rjr0if; toif;ajymif;r,fh wdu k pf pfrLS ;awGuvnf; [efa&;wjyifjyif (wd@k rSmawmh...) yv†iaf y:u orRweJ@ *smat;ol@tar¶du k ?f

rif;aqGEpS f (rHk&Gm) 2013/ Ekd0ifbm/ &eH@opf

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

wGif;rsm;...ajrGrsm; wGif;rsm;... a¹rGrsm;... wGe@f vdraf uG;aumufaom tavhtxrsm;ESihf...? wGif;rsm;... a¹rGrsm;... wGi;f 0ifrajzmifjh cif;aom oDt&dk rD sm;t&...? wGif;rsm;... a¹rGrsm;... pdwfoDtkd&D...ta&cGHvJaomae@rsm;ESifh...? wGif;rsm;... a¹rGrsm;... tqdyfrJhjcif;...&pfacGjcif;rsm;ESifh...? jyef&cufwhJ a¹rGawG ESyaf =umif;wavsmufrmS avsmueJ...avsmueJ... b0 'kid , f mz&rfu, dk pf q D JG jcpfa=umif;txyfxyfe@J ... oDt&dk u D dk ckw;Hk vkyf om;avsmuswahJ e@usryS J... tJ'h D a¹rGawGyaJ ygh vSsm jyLwpf jyLwpfe@J wGi;f 0rSm tpkvu dk f tjyKv H u dk f ydwrf ad evku dk =f uykrHk sm;...?

aqmif;vl Zefe0g&D 13/ 2014 (rdk;rc rD'D,mrS) 18

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

{&m0wD igw@dk jrpfudk igw@dk tcspef @J umuG,=f u... igwkd@tcspfukd igw@dk jrpfe@J umuG,=f u... igw@kd jrpfe@J igwkd@tcspfukd igw@dk umuG,=f u...

opfaumif;tdrf 28 / 'DZifbm/ 2013 (rdkrcrD'D,mrS)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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vGyfvyfa&;ae htwGuf jidrf;csrf;a&;o0%fv$mudk rnfol hxHodk hay;ydk h&rnfenf;

a'gufwm"rRy, d (ITBMU) jrefrmEdik if EH iS fh vGwv f yfa&;....? awG;awmp&mawGu trsm;}u;D ? trsm;em;vnf xm;wJh vGwv f yfa&;udk 1948-ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v (4)&ufae@rSm &&Scd jJ ch if;jzpfw,f? od@k aomf jynfolawGtwGuf vGwfvyfa&;qdkwm}uD;udk ,ae@txd oJoJuGJuGJ rod=uao;yg? jrefrmhp, G pf u Hk sr;f Y vGwv f yfa&;ae@udk t"dyg` ,af z:n$e;f &mwGif "wdik ;f wpfyg;wd@k . pd;k rd;k tkyf csKyfr_atmufrS vGwfajrmufvmcJhaom wdkif;jynf EdkifiHrsm;wGif tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkif vGwfvyfaom EdkifiHtjzpfodk@ a&mufonhfae@udk vGwfvyfa&;ae@[lI txGwftjrwf owfrw S x f m;wwfavonf?"[k az:jyxm;wmudk awG@&w,f? okd@aomf jrefrmEdkifiHY vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;aemufydkif; jynfolawG&Jhb0awGonf wu,fyif vGwf vyfc+hJ yaD vm? vGwv f yfa&;&+y;D aemuf jzpfvu kd w f jhJ ynfwiG ;f ppfawGuvnf; ,ae@xufwikd af tmif r+y;D qk;H Edik af o;yg? wdik ;f jynfwiG ;f Y bmawGvakd eI jynfoal wG&@J b0 awG[m qif;&J+rJqif;&Jae&ovJ? bma=umihf vGwfvyfjcif;.t"dy`g,fudk jynfolawG rodEikd af tmif jzpfae=uovJ? wdik ;f wpfyg;om;wd@k . tkycf sKyrf a_ tmufrS vGwaf jrmufvmjcif; rSsuykd if vGwv f yfa&;&jcif;/ od@k r[kwf vGwv f yfaomEdik if [ H k qd&k awmhrnfavm? awG;awm p&mawGu wpfavS}u;D yg? xdak =umihf vGwv f yfa&;ESiyfh wfoufI t"dyg` ,zf iG q fh ckd surf sm;udk avhvm=unhf &mrSm "vGwfvyfa&;&jcif;qdkwm udkvdkeDtkyfcsKyfr_atmufrS &kyf0wˆKrSsavmufom tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

vGwaf jrmufr_ &jcif;rsK;d r[kwyf /J pdw"f mwfa&;&mESifh pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f mrsm;udyk g vGwv f yfr_ &jcif;udk vGwv f yfa&;&jcif;?vd@k t"dyg` ,zf iG q fh kd xm;wmudk awG@&w,f? (The independence achieved does not only mean a physical freedom from colonization but also a freedom in spirituality and mentality.)

wpfae&mrSmawmh "vGwv f yfa&; &jcif;qdw k m vlrsK;d wpfp/k od@k r[kwf Edik if w H pfc/k od@k r[kwf jynfe,fwpfc&k hJ taetxm;[m ud, k yf ikd t f pd;k &ESifh ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKyrf a_ tmufrmS wnf&+dS y;D / ud, k yf idk ef ,fajrtjzpf &&Sx d m;wJv h rl sK;d (od@k r[kw)f wdik ;f oljynfom;rsm;twGuf vGwv f yfr&_ jcif;udk vGwv f yfa&;&jcif;?[k t"dyg` ,zf iG q fh x kd m;rsK;d udv k nf; awG@&jyefw,f? (Independence is a condition of a nation˜ country˜ or state in which its residents and population˜ or some portion thereof˜ e»ercise self-government˜ and usually sovereignty˜ over the territory.)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

wdik ;f oljynfom;awG ud, k t f ;kd / ud, k t f rd rf mS rvkrH +cKH aexdik af e=u&jcif;yg? 'Dae&mrSm odyq H` &m}u;D tkid ;f pwkid ;f tjrifu qef;opfaejcif;yg? odyq H` &m}u;D tkdif;pwdkif;u urBm}uD;[m 'kp&kduftr_awGrsm;vm+yD;/ vlawGtwGuf wpfae@wpfjcm; tEW&m,fawG ydrk rkd sm;vmjcif;[m 'kp&ku d t f r_awGukd jyKaewJh olawGa=umihcf sn;f r[kwyf /J xdrk aumif;r_jyKaeolrsm;udk xdik I f (vufyu kd )f =unhaf eol/ (w&m;Oya'jzihf rwm;qD;yJ) vkyfcGihfay;xm;olrsm;a=umihf avmu}uD;xJrSm aezdk@ tEW&,fawG ydkrsm;jym;vmjcif; jzpfw,fv@kd odyq H` &m}u;D tdik ;f pwkid ;f uawmh ok;H oyfjyxm;jcif;yg? (The world is too dangerous to live in˜ not because of people who do evil˜ but because of people who sit and let it happen.)

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a'gufwm"rRyd, (ITBMU) Zefe0g&Dv 4/ 2014 (rdk;rcrD'D,mrS)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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a&mufaomtcg um;&yfo=H um;vdu k &f onfEiS hf wpf+yKd iw f nf; um;ay:uaeI "a[h &Jabmf &yfO;D " [k ajymoH=um;ojzifh u|eaf wmf &yfI vSn=fh unhaf omtcg Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef; jzpfaeygonf? u|eaf wmfu "[kwu f "hJ qd+k y;D tav;jyKygonf? Akv d cf sKyu f qufajymonfrmS "&Jabmf usKyt f m;vH;k odonf/ rpd;k &dref @J / vkypf &m&Sw d m !$e=f um;rnf/ jzpfatmifvyk f 'gy"J [kajymI um;xGufoGm;ygonf? u|efawmfvnf; b,fvdkjzpfoGm;rSef;rod? aoab;rS vGwaf jrmufvmouJo h @kd tvGef 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpf&ygonf? Adv k cf sKyf atmifqef;onf usGefawmfhtm; cGifhv$wf+yD; }uD;rm;aom apwemxm;I vrf;!$efr_a=umifh xl;c|ef xufjrufaom Tacgi;f aqmif }u;D udk u|eaf wmfw h pfouf aus;Zl;wifrqH;k Edik yf g? u|eaf wmf 0rf;ajrmufaysm&f i$ cf I hJ ql;avbk&m;vrf;&Sd w¶kwaf cguq f q JG ikd w f iG f 0ifa&mufpm;aomuf+y;D nae 6 em&D tcsdef ygwDtpnf;ta0;oGm;a&mufOD;rnf jzpfaoma=umifh yvm'D,ef ¶ky&f iS ¶f EkH iS hf *vkwf ¶ky&f iS ¶f w kH @kd Y ¶ky&f iS Ef pS yf q JG uf =unh+f y;D tcsed jf zKe;f vdu k yf gonf? ¶ky&f iS f rsm;=unhf+yD; tpnf;ta0;&Sd&m bkef;}uD;ausmif;odk@ vmcJhygonf? u|eaf wmf tenf;i,f aemufusygonf? xk@d a=umifh twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;AaqGu qJq}kd urd ;f armif;ygonf? OuUÏ ocifjru u|eaf wmft h m; "vmxkid f aqG;aEG;&atmif" [k ajymygonf? u|ef awmfu rqdik ;f rwG Adv k cf sKyef @J u|eaf wmfh jy\em +y;D qH;k oGm;yg+y?D txufyg twdik ;f Adv k cf sKyef @J u|eaf wmfawGŒ&wJt h a=umif;&Si;f jy+y;D "u|eaf wmfh acgi;f aqmif}u;D awG pDpOf!e$ =f um;jcif;rsm;udk wdwu d sus vdu k ef maqmif&u G rf nf[k 0efcu H wd jyKygonf" [k ajymqdv k u kd yf gonf? xkt d cg ocifjru "'g 0rf;omp&myJ? 'gayrhJ atmifqef;-tufwvD pmcsKyf ESiyhf wfoufI b,favmuftcuftcJ tusyt f wnf;rsm;jzifh aqmif&u G cf &hJ jcif; rsm;udk tao;pdwf&Sif;jyrnf? 4if;tjyif wdkif;jynftwGif; wdkif;&if;om;awGeJ@ pnf;vHk; nD!w G af &;/ vGwv f yfa&;wGif twl wuGyg&adS &;/ wdik ;f jyKjynfjyKvw $ af wmf ay:ayguaf &;" tp&So d nfw@kd udk tao; pdw&f iS ;f vif; ajymjyygonf? 'gtm;vH;k em;vnfxm;zd@k vdak =umif; ajymqkad qG;aEG;+y;D tpnf;ta0;udk ¶kyo f rd ;f vdu k yf gonf? "z²q²y²v tpnf;ta0; reufjzef eHeuf 9 em&D usi;f yrnf/ tm;vH;k vm=u&ef" rSm =um;ygonf? atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyfudk u|efawmf azmfjya&;om;jcif; rjyKawmhyg? ordik ;f 0ifpmcsKyjf zpfygonf? rD', D mrsm;uvnf; a&;om;azmfjy+y;D jzpfygonf? aemufwpfae@ z²q²y²v A[kd OD;pD;tzGJŒ tpnf;ta0;udk ,cifae@ twdkif; z²q²y²v tzGŒJ csKyw f iG f eHeuf 9 em&D usi;f yygonf? tpnf;ta0;tpD tpOftwdik ;f jyKvyk &f m OufUÏOD;atmifqef;(AdkvfcsKyf) ajym=um;onfrSm "uae@ usKyfajymcsifwmu wdkif;jynf vGwv f yfa&;twGuf tvGet f a&;}u;D aeaom tcsed jf zpfonf? cifAsm;wd@k pum;rsm;rae eJ@? jynfov l x l ak xmufcrH &_ zd@k odyv f o kd nf? awmifwef;om;awGe@J vnf; wpfaygi;f wnf;/ wpfpnf;wnf;ygatmif }udK;pm;&OD;rnf? olwdk@vnf; vGwfvyfa&;vdkcsifonf? 'Dawmh 42

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

olwdk@vnf;ygwJh wdkif;jynfwnfaqmufa&; yHkpHcs&rnf? 'gawGa&;qGJzdk@ wdkif;jyKjynfjyK v$wfawmfac:&rnf? vkyfp&mawG trsm;}uD;&Sdw,f? usKyfuvnf; wpfESpftwGif; vGwv f yfa&;& &rnf[k ajymxm;w,f? a&pkeaf rsm rcH Edik b f ;l ? usKyw f pfa,mufwnf; vkyv f @k d r&bl;? tm;vH;k pnf;pnf;vH;k vH;k nDn! D w G ! f w G ef @J aemufq;kH wdu k yf JG qifE&J$ rSmjzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh cifAsm;wdk@ jynfolvlxk axmufcHr_&a&; tpGrf;ukefvkyfyg? udk,fhwm0efudk,f ausyeG pf mG vkyaf qmifyg" vd@k wdw k ekd @J vd&k if; ajymI ed*;kH csKyyf gonf? tcrf;tem;rSL;u ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; bmar;p&m&Syd govJ[k ar;ygonf? ud, k f pm;vS,rf sm;u bmrSar;p&mr&Sb d ;l [k ajym=uygonf? ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; ar;p&mr&Sv d sS if tpnf;ta0; ¶kyfodrf;&ygrnf?tcrf; tem;rSL;u OuUÏxHcGifhawmif;I tpnf;ta0; ¶kyo f rd ;f a=umif; ajym=um;ygonf? Tpmwrf;udk u|eaf wmfonf twwfEikd q f ;kH rSwrf o d avmuf twdck sKH ; a&;om; xm;jcif;jzpfygonf? u|eaf wmfx h H rSww f rf;rSw&f mrsm; r&Sad wmhI tydt k vdk &SEd ikd yf gonf? od@k aomf tjzpftysuf ta=umif;t&mrsm;onf rSeu f efa=umif; u|eaf wmfwm0ef,yl gonf? u|eaf wmfonf z²q²y²v A[dk OD;pD;tzGŒJ tpnf;ta0; +y;D qH;k +y;D aemuf wpfae@wGif jrif;+c+H rKd Œod@k tjcm;A[dOk ;D pD; tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom ocifb+ird ;f / Adv k f tke;f wifw@kd ESihf twl jyefvm=uygonf? aemufae@&ufrsm;wGif c¶dik Ef iS hf +rKd Œe,f z²q²y²v tr_aqmifrsm; tpnf;ta0; jyKvyk I f u|eaf wmfw@kd A[dOk ;D pD;tzGŒJ tpnf;ta0;Y t"duusaom (1) atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKy/f (2) Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;ESihf ocifjrwd@k . ajym=um;csurf sm;wk@d ukd &Si;f vif;ajym =um;ygonf? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh ocifjrwdk@. ajym=um;csufrsm;onf Armjynf vGwfvyfa&;udk at;csrf;aomenf;jzifh &,lvdkonf? jynfolvlxkwpf&yfvHk;. qEN oabmxm;udk v$wfawmfa&G;aumuf yGJjyKvkyfI jrefrmEdkifiHzGJŒpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH Oya'a&;qG+J y;D +Aw d o d sS tpd;k &xH awmif;qd&k rnfjzpfa=umif; jzpfygonf? xk@d a=umifh vlrsKd ;ra&G;/ bmomra&G; jynfolvlxk}uD;u wpfcJeufaxmufcHr_&ap&ef }udK;pm;aqmif&Guf&rnf jzpfonf[k qdjk cif;udpu Pf kd &Si;f vif;ajym=um;=u+y;D tm;vH;k u oabmwl axmufcaH =umif; txuf!$ef=um;onfhtwdkif; vdkufemaqmif&Gufrnf[k qHk;jzwf=u+yD; tpnf;ta0;udk ¶kyo f rd ;f ygonf? aemuf&ufrsm;wGif u|efawmfonf jrif;+cHc¶dkif+rdKŒe,frsm;jzpfaom EGm;xkd;}uD;/ awmifom/ ausmufyef;awmif;ESihf anmifO;D +rKd Œrsm;Y &Si;f vif;aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm; jyKvyk f cJyh gonf? xkdpOftcsdefwGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ESifhacgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;onf &Srf;jynf awmifydkif;/ yifvHk+rdKŒ Y csif;/ ucsif/ &Srf; ponfh wdkif;&if;om; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

Armjynfvw G v f yfa&;udk wpfaygi;f wnf; yl;aygi;f zGŒJ pnf;I &,l&eft}uw d t f e,f ajymqkd aqG;aEG;=u+y;D aemufq;kH &v'frmS yifvo kH abmwlpmcsKyf (yifvpkH mcsKy)f udk 1947 ckEpS f azazmf0g&v D 12 &ufae@wGif jyKvyk Ef ikd af =umif; =um;od&ygonf? ,if; yifvpkH mcsKyu f kd z²q²y²v uvnf; vufco H abmwla=umif; a=unmcsux f w k yf gonf? yifvpkH mcsKyf xGuaf y:vm +y;D aemuf ESp&f uf/ oH;k &uft=um u|ef awmfw@kd jrif;+cw H iG f xl;jcm;r_wpfck ay: vmygonf? xkx d ;l jcm;r_uawmh u|eaf wmfEiS hf OuUÏ ocifb+ird ;f wd@k udk c¶dkif0ef(ta&;ydkif) u eHeuf¶Hk;csdef vma&muf&ef zdwfac:ygonf? odk@ESifh u|efawmfwdk@ ta&;ydik ¶f ;kH oGm;=uonf? ta&;ydik u f ta=umif;xl;&So d nf? reufjzef eHeuf 0ef}u;D csKyf (Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;) wd@k jrif;+cv H mrnf? z²q²y²v udt k a=umif;=um;[k a=u;eef;a&muf a=umif;ajymygonf? u|efawmfwdk@onf 'D[m EdkifiHa&;udpPvm;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;udpPvm; rpOf;pm;wwfavmuf atmifjzpf=uI ESpfrsdK;pvHk; tpDtpOfjzpfatmif aqmif&Guf=uzdk@ pOf;pm;qHk;jzwf =uygonf? u|efawmfwkd@ z²q²y²v ¶Hk;onf +rdKŒe,facgif;aqmif jzpfaomfvnf; vrf;ray:&Sd oH;k cef;wGJ wpfxyftrd jf zpfI 0ef}u;D csKyw f @kd vrf;ab; z²q²y²v tzGŒJ wGif 0ifa&muf&ef roifjh zpfaeyg onf? tcsed w f w kd jkd zifh vlxEk iS ahf wGŒqHyk JG }u;D vky&f efvnf; rvG,yf g? xk@d a=umifh u|eaf wmfw@kd ta&;ydik Ef iS w hf ikd yf ifI tkycf sKyaf &;ydik ;f ESihf aomfvnf;aumif;/ Edik if aH &;ydik ;f ESiahf omfvnf;aumif; awGŒqHak jymqdEk ikd rf nfh ae&mudk tpd;k &oHwJ (Adv k w f )J Y vufcaH wGŒqH=k u&ef pDpOf=uygonf? u|eaf wmfonf c¶dik f z²q²y²v tr_aqmif vl}u;D rsm;udk zdwfac:I AdkvfcsKyfvmrnfh udpfPaqG;aEG;+yD; reufjzefeHeuf 8 em&D tcsdef oHwJodk@ ta&mufvm=u&ef pDpOfygonf? aemufwpfae@ apmapmwGif u|eaf wmfEiS hf 'kw, d ta&;ydik w f @kd u um;wpf pD;/ ykvyd f (&J) awGu um;wpfpD;wdk@jzifh rdwfˆDvmrSvmrnfhvrf; awmifom+rdKŒe,fpyfrS apmifh}udK ae=uygonf? 9 em&D tcsed af vmufwiG f rdwv Dˆf mbufrS um; wpfp;D (Station Wagon) armif;vmonfukd awGŒ&ygonf? u|eaf wmfw@kd tem; a&mufaomtcg um;&yfygonf? um; ay:wGif 'D;'kwfOD;bcsdKESifhwpfOD; ygvmonfudk awGŒ&ygonf? u|efawmfwdk@u OD;bcsdKudk }uKd qakd r;jref;aomtcg OD;bcsKd u Adv k cf sKyf rdwv Dˆf mwGif usecf yhJ gonf? aemufrS vdu k v f m rnfjzpfonf[k ajymaoma=umifh OD;bcsKd ukd jrif;+co H @kd vdu k yf @kd =uygonf? u|eaf wmfonf OD;bcsKd uykd @kd +y;D Adv k cf sKyu f }kd uKd &ef awmifom+rKd Œod@k jyefomG ;yg onf? odk@&mwGif u|efawmfhum;tm; jrif;+cH+rdKŒtxGuf tapmifhykvdyfu wm;I ajymonfrSm Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;um; jrif;+caH &mufvm+y[ D k ajymygonf? u|eaf wmfEiS hf vrf;wGirf qHak wGŒ &aoma=umifh OD;aESmufajcmufomG ;ygonf? u|eaf wmf u vrf;apmifyh v k yd u f kd "rif;[m [kwrf S [kw&f ŒJ vm;"/ ykvdyfu "[kwyf gw,f/ armfawmfum; teufa&mif/ rSeu f m;jzpfygw,f" eHygwu f akd jymygonf? u|eaf wmf rrSwrf yd g? xkt d cg u|eaf wmf csucf si;f jyefvn S I fh vrf;rSm 44

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

apmifhaeaom ykvdyfrsm;udk ar;&mwGif armfawmfum; vm a=umif;ajymygonf? +rKd Œv,faumif a&mufaomtcg tapmifyh v k yd u f "[kww f ,f tJ'u D m; blwm¶Hv k rf; (ygvuf vrf;) buf auGŒoGm;onf" [k ajymI u|eaf wmf 4if;vrf;buf qufvu kd o f mG ; aomtcg rSefygonf/ AdkvfcsKyfum;onf ygvufvrf;&Sd 0wfvHkawmf& OD;b&Sif. wdkufa&SŒwGif &yfxm;onfukd awGŒ&yg onf? u|eaf wmfw@kd Akv d cf sKyu f m; aemufwiG f uyf&yf+y;D u|eaf wmfu AkdvfcsKyfum; ay:wGif&Sdaom AkdvfcsKyf. udk,fa&;t&m &Sdudk "a&mufwmb,favmuf =um+yv D J" [k ar;&m ud, k af &;t&m&Su d "ckeuyJ/ ig;rdepfavmuf&+dS y”D ” [k jyefajymygonf? "u|eaf wmf z²q²y²v tzGŒJ uyg? Adv k f csKyu f kd vm}uKd wmyg? Adv k cf sKyx f u G v f m&if u|eaf wmfw@kd a&SŒuoGm;rnf/ aemufu vdkufcJh&ef" ajym=um;+yD; um;ay:wGif xkdifapmifhaeygonf? OD;b&Si. f wdu k o f nf vrf;ab;uyf aqmufxm;I vrf;ay:rS Adv k cf sKyEf iS Ohf ;D b&Siw f @kd pum;ajym aeonfukd jrifae&ygonf? u|eaf wmfu h v kd nf; Adv k cf sKyw f @kd jrifygonf? aemufq,fih g;rdepfcef@ &Sad omtcg Adv k cf sKyEf iS Ohf ;D b&Siw f @kd wdu k t f jyifo@kd xGuf vmcJ=h uygonf? u|eaf wmfvnf; um;ay:rSqif;I Adv k cf sKyt f m; tav;jyKI vm}uKd a=umif; ajymygonf? AdkvfcsKyfu OD;b&Siftm; "aus;Zl;wifa=umif;/ OD;b&Sifpum;=um;&I 0rf;oma=umif;"ajymyg onf? OD;b&Siu f "Ed;k Ed;k / u|eaf wmfu Akv d cf sKyu f kd aus;Zl;wif&rSmyg? u|eaf wmfh xH Adv k cf sKyv f ma&mufjcif;twGuf jzpfygw,f? u|eaf wmfvnf; Armjynfvw G f vyfa&;vdkcsifolyg? pdwfcsyg" [k ajymonfudk u|efawmf =um;&ygonf? OD;b&Sifu u|eaf wmft h m; "udo k ef;xGe;f Good Morning" [k E_wq f ufygonf? Akv d cf sKyu f Good Bye E_wq f uf+y;D xGuv f mcJh =uygonf? u|efawmfwkd@pDpOfxm;aom oHwJodk@ a&mufaomtcg tkyfcsKyfa&;bufrS t&m&S}d u;D rsm;ESihf z²q²y²v bufrS tr_aqmifv}l u;D rsm;u }uKd q=kd uygonf? Adv k cf sKyu f "tm;vHk;aeaumif;=u&JŒvm;/ bmtpDtpOf&SdovJ" [k ar;ygonf? u|efawmfu "u|eaf wmfw@kd pDpOfxm;wm uawmh yxrydik ;f Adv k cf sKyEf iS t hf m;vH;k oHwJ atmufxyfrmS eHeufpm vufzuf&nfaomuf&ef/ 'kwd, tay:xyfwGif u|efawmfwdk@tr_aqmif tzGŒJ ESiahf wGŒ I Adv k cf sKyf vrf;!$epf um; em;axmifaqG;aEG;&ef/ wwd, atmufxyf¶;kH cef;Y tkycf sKyaf &; bufqikd &f m vl}u;D rsm;tm; awGŒqHrk ed @f =um;&ef"wd@k jzpfa=umif; wifjyygonf? Adv k cf sKyu f "vkyyf g" [k ajymI vufzuf &nfcef;xJ 0if=uygonf? Adv k cf sKyu f xdyu f xdik I f OD;bcsKd u u|eaf wmfw@kd z²q² y²v bufxidk I f tkycf sKyaf &;buf vl}u;D rsm;u pm;yGt J &Sn. f wpfzufjcrf;u xkid =f uygonf? vufzuf&nfyw JG iG f aygirf ek @f / bDpuGwrf ek @f rsm;ESihf ta=umfpkH rke@f rsm;ygyg onf? Adv k cf sKyo f nf ta=umfrek @f wpfcpk m; +y;D vufzuf&nfaomufygonf? u|ef awmfw@kd jrefjrefpm;aomuf=u+y;D tpD tpOftwdik ;f aqmif&u G yf gonf? Akv d cf sKy/f OD;bcsKd EiS hf u|eaf wmfw@kd z²q²y²v tr_ aqmifawGu tay:wuf+y;D jyifqifxm;onfh ae&mwGif tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

xkid =f uygonf? Adv k cf sKyu f ...... "uJ ²²²usKyaf jymr,f? usKyjf rif;+cH vmwm rdwv Dˆf m OD;b&ifEiS hf jrif;+cH OD;b&Siw f @kd udk vGwv f yfa&;udpP ajym+y;D pnf;¶H;k zd@k jzpfw,f? olw@kd u OD;apmvlawG? aESmif, h u S rf mS pd;k &w,f? usKyw f @kd vGwv f yfa&;&zd@k ESpq f ifv h yk +f y;D +y?D atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyef @J yifvpkH mcsKyf jzpfw,f? ESpf qifu h seaf o;w,f? odyt f a&;}u;D w,f? tJ'D ESpq f if[ h m aemufq;kH yJjzpfvrd rhf ,f? atmifjrifvrd rhf ,fv@kd usKy, f =Hk unf w,f? 'D ESpq f ifq h w kd mu jynfov l x l x k rH q S EN,&l r,fh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfw,f? 'g odr;f usKH ;vky&f rSm? tJ'D a&G;aumufyu JG usKyw f @kd tEdik &f +y;D &if ArmEdik if u H kd b,fvdk yHpk pH epfe@J tkycf sKyrf ,fqw kd hJ rl0g'awGcs+y;D Edik if aH wmfzŒJG pnf;tkycf sKyyf kH tajccHpnf; rsO;f Oya' (rl=urf;) a&;qG&J r,f? 'g²²² usKyf tckrajymEdik af o;bl;? 'gayrJh wdik ;f &if;om;awG vufcyH g0if+y;D wkid ;f jynfe@J udu k n f w D hJ rl=urf;jzpfr,f? 'Dawmh cifAsm; wd@k u tJ't D csed f a&G;aumufyw JG iG f jynfov l x l u k a&G;cs,cf &H atmif tpGr;f ukef }uKd ;pm;&r,f? v$wfawmftrwfavmif; rsm;udkvnf; b,foljzpfjzpf a=u;rsm;raeeJ@? tEdkif&zdk@ ta&;}u;D w,f? v$waf wmfay:vd@k (wdik ;f jyKjynfjyKvw $ af wmf) Edik if eH @J udu k n f w D hJ Constitution zGŒJ pnf;tkyc f sKyf yHt k ajccHOya'udk tm;vH;k oabmwl nD nD!w G ! f w G ef @J a&;qG+J y;D &if vGwfvyfa&; qdkwm&+yDaygh? uJ²²²ocifb+idrf;/ cifAsm;wdk@bmajymrvJ" [k AdkvfcsKyfu ar;vdkuf&m ocifb+idrf; (OuUÏ) u "AdkvfcsKyfvkyfwm bmrSajymp&mr&Sdygbl;? u|ef awmfwdk@u !$ef=um;onfhtwdkif; ausyGefpGm aqmif&Guf&rSmjzpfygw,f? pdwfcsyg Akv d cf sKycf ifAsm;" [k jyefajym+y;D Adv k cf sKyf u "'Davmufe@J awmf+y/D atmufxyfrmS apmifah ewJh c¶dik t f yk cf sKyaf &;tzGŒJ eJ@ awGŒ vdu k Of ;D r,f" [kajym+y;D atmufqif;oGm; ygonf? AkdvfcsKyfESifhOD;bcsdKwdk@onf oHwJ atmufxyf(oD;oef@) tcef;wGif c¶dkiftkyf csKyfa&;t&m&Sdrsm;udk q,frdepfcef@=um ar;jref;ajymqdkygonf? u|efawmfwdk@vnf; oHwJtjyifrSm apmifhae=uygonf? AkdvfcsKyfwdk@xGufvm+yD; "usKyfjyefr,f" qdk+yD; u|eaf wmfvnf; ykvyd u f m;jzifh rdwv Dˆf mbufo@kd jyefomG ;aom Akv d cf sKyw f @kd udk awmifom+rKd Œ tvGef rdwv Dˆf me,fpyftxd vdu k yf @kd ygonf? ocifatmifqef;(Adv k f csKy)f onf ocifb+ird ;f ESihf &if;ED;S ygonf? u|eaf wmfw@kd Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef;ESifh ywfoufv@kd awG;awmaumufcsuf csrw d muawmh Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;onf Edik if aH &; vky&f mwGif ESv;kH &nf/ vuf¶;kH &nf jynfph kH oljzpf+y;D enf;AsL[mrsm;udk vdt k yfovkcd s rSwo f ;kH pGw J wfojl zpfa=umif; jzpfygonf? xk@d aemuf Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u wdik ;f jynfjyKvw $ af wmf usi;f yrnf[k 1947 ckEpS f rwfvY a=unmygonf? xkad &G;aumufyu GJ kd 1947 ckEpS f {+yv D 9 &ufae@ rSm usi;f yygonf? jynfr/ jynfe,frsm;yg 0ifygonf? trwfOD;a& 250 &Sdygonf? z²q²y²v u 95²3 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzifh tEdik &f &Syd gonf? u|eaf wmfw@kd jrif;+ccH ¶dik rf mS v$waf wmftrwf 5 ae&m&Syd gonf? tm;vHk;tEdkif&cJhygonf? u|efawmfvnf; jrif;+cHtv,fydkif; a&G;aumufyGJ rJqENe,frS 46

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

+yKd ib f ufr&Sd ta&G;cH&ygonf? 1947 ckEpS f arv 19 &ufae@ *sLbvDa[mwGif zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyyf t kH ajccH Oya' a&;qGaJ &; aqG;aEG;&ef z²q²y² v y%mr jyifqifrn _ v D mcH usi;f ycJyh g onf? xkn d v D mcHwiG f c¶dik u f , kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ wdik ;f &if;om;ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; wuf a&muf=uygonf? u|eaf wmfonf jrif;+cH c¶dik u f , kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf wufa&mufcyhJ gonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H zGŒJ pnf;oifh a=umif; t}uHjyKcsufrsm; tav;xm; aqG;aEG;ajymqdk=uygonf? obmywd AdkvfcsKyf atmifqef; ajym=um;aompum; u|eaf wmfrw S x f m;rdaom tcsurf sm;rSm Akv d cf sKyu f ... "[kwfw,f/ u|efawmfwdk@EdkifiHudk wdkif;&if;om;awGeJ@ wpfaoG;wnf;wpf pnf;wnf;&S&d r,f? tm;vH;k wef;wlnw D l &S&d r,f? usKyw f @kd ArmwpfEikd if v H ;kH vlO;D a& 14 oef;yJ&w dS ,f? usKyw f @kd eJ@ uyfae wJh Edik if }H u;D awGu oef; 1000 eD;yg;&S=d u w,f? olw@kd 0g;rsKd ru _ kd rcHEikd b f ;l / t*Fvyd f e,fcsŒJ u ppfa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ e,fcsŒJ w,f? olw@dk u vlrsKd ;a&;/ pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ e,fcsŒJ r,f? usKyw f @kd toH;k rus&if cH&r,f" [kajympOf u|eaf wmfEiS u hf , kd pf m; vS,t f csKd Œu ar;jref;aqG;aEG;=uygonf? Akv d cf sKyu f ... "usKyw f @kd ya'o&mZfpepf jyefomG ; vd@k r&bl;? 'Dru kd a&pDpepfukd tajccHwnf aqmuf&rnfh jynfaxmifpk wdik ;f opfjynfopf jzpf&r,f"[k ajymqdyk gonf? zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccH Oya'(rl=urf;) a&;qGaJ &;udk Adv k cf sKyaf cgi;f aqmifaom z²q²y²v tr_aqmif rsm;/ wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;/ v$waf wmfu, kd f pm;vS,rf sm;/ todynm&Si/f twwfynm &Sirf sm;yg0ifaom (111) OD;jzifh aumfrwD zGŒJ vdu k yf gonf? ,if;zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccH Oya'(rl=urf;) a&;qGJa&;udk twGif;0efrsm;¶Hk;&Sd v$wfawmf¶Hk;wGif usif;yjyKvkyfygonf? u|efawmfonf xkdtzGJŒwGif ryg0ifaomfvnf; u|efawmf O%frrDaomudpPrsm;udk =um;odvdkygojzifh aumfrwD0if wpfO;D jzpfaom OD;atmif}u;D (Adv k cf sKy)f tm; wufa&mufem;axmifcsiyf gonf? em;axmifcGifh&&Sd&ef vkyfay;zdk@ajymaomtcg/ "usKyfvnf;rwwfEdkifbl;/ AkdvfcsKyfudk ar;=unfh"[k ajym&m u|efawmfu AdkvfcsKyfxH cGifhjyKcsufawmif;I AkdvfcsKyfu cGifhjyK aoma=umifh u|eaf wmfavhvmol tjzpf aemufq;kH cHrk sm;wGif xkid &f ygonf? tpnf;ta0;tpwGif a&SŒaecsKyOf ;D csex f eG ;f u "AdkvfcsKyf cifAsm; 'DzGJŒpnf;tkyf csKyfyHktajccHOya'onf vGwfvyfa&;/ 'Drdkua&pDa&;/ qdk&S,fvpfa&;qdkwm yg&Sdw,f? wdik ;f &if;om;uvnf; Federal jynfaxmifpk vdck siw f ,fqakd wmh u|eaf wmfu h kd tcsed af y;yg/ b,fEikd if u H zGŒJ pnf;yHek @J tyfpyfrvJqw kd m avhvmyg&ap" [k ajympOf Adv k cf sKyu f .... "cifAsm; bmawGavSsmufajymae wmvJ? usKyfwdk@EdkifiHudk 'Drdkua&pDjynf axmifppk epf wnfaqmuf+y;D vGwv f yfa&;,l&rSm? 'Dru kd a&pDpepfqw kd m vlx/k vlwef;pm; tm;vH;k wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. ,Ofaus;r_/ ud;k uG,rf a_ wGukd vGwv f yfpmG aqmif&u G Ef ikd &f rSm jzpfw,f? qk&d , S v f pf pepfe@J rqdik b f ;l ? qd&k , S v f pf pD;yGm;a&;udk pOf;pm;zd@k yJjzpfw,f? cifAsm; tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

tcsed w f w kd ekd @J zGŒJ pnf;yHOk ya' (rl=urf;) udk usKyw f @kd aumf rwDukd wifjyyg" [k ajymonf? OD;csefxGef;u "u|eaf wmf }uKd ;pm;ygr,f" [k jyefajym+y;D aomtcg tpnf;ta0; ¶kyo f rd ;f vdu k o f nf? xk@d a=umifh Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;onf 'Dru kd a&pD0g'orm;jzpf+y;D 'Dru kd a&pD jynf axmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHawmfjzpfatmif tkwfjrpfcsaqmif&GufcJhaom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD acgif;aqmifjzpfyga=umif;ESifh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; csrSwfcJhaom wdkif;&if;om;rsm; xm0& pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfaom 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHjzpfay:a&;udk txl;tav;xm; aqmif&u G =f u&rnfom jzpfygonf?

OD;oef;xGef; (jrif;+cH) (2014 Zefe0g&D? &eH@opf)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

2008 zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccH udk avhvmokH;oyfjcif; ( rl}urf; )

OD;armifarmif (wdu k sKd ) w&m;v$wfawmfa&S@ae tpd;k &wkd o h nf.... - w&m;rSswr_r&Sad om Oya'rsm;? (UNJUST LAW) - vl t h cGit hf a&;ukd ydwyf ifI Oya'jyKjcif;? (DEPRIVE LAW) - Oya'ESihf rnDpmG Oya'jyKjcif;? (INDISCRIMINATE LAW) - txl;tcGit hf a&;,lI Oya'jyKjcif;? (PRIVILEGE LAW ) - t%mukd tvGet f u|&H ,lI Oya'jyKjcif;? (TREMENDOUS LAW) rsm;jzifh pDpOfI 2008 zGJ ph nf;yHk Oya'ukd jyXmef;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf? xdk ah =umif, h ae jh refrmEkid if w H iG f Ekid if o H m;rsm;onf.... tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

- tEœ&m,frsm;aom vlaer_b0 ( HAZARDOUS LIFE ) rsKd;jzifh t+rJwrf; a=umufrufzG,faumif;I pdk;&drfylyefae&aom/ tvGefqdk;&Gm;aom b0aexdkifr_pepf (HORRENDOUS SOCIETY ) qd;k xJwi G f &ufpuf,w k rf mI / a=umuf&HG x h w d v f ef zh , G f b0rsK;d ( STUPENDOUS LIFE ) jzifh &ifqikd af e&ayonf? xd@k a=umifh vuf&t dS pd;k &wkd o h nf/ rdrw d @kd Ekid if o H m;rsm;ukd tqdyk gb0qd;k rsKd ;odk h ra&mufapvdyk gu ,cktcsed w f iG /f wdik ;f &if;om;jynforl sm;. qENuadk v;pm;pGmvufcI H / jyXmef;twnfjyKjyD;jzpfaom/ 2008 zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'ukd jyefvnfoHk;oyfI jyifqifay;yg&ef tEl;tnGwyf ef=um;tyfygonf?

EdkifiHawmf. tajccHrlrsm; tcef; ( 1 ) EkdifiHawmf yk'rf - 6(p) Edik if aH wmf. trsKd ;om;OD;aqmifr_ u¾wGif wyfrawmfu yg0ifxrf;aqmifEidk af &; wdk u h dk tpOfwpdu k f OD;wnfonf? (trsKd ;om;OD;aqmifrq _ akd om pum;&yfrmS acgi;f aqmif[k qdv k akd om t"dyg` ,f a&mufojzifh ppfwyfonf zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' yk'rf 6(p) tpOfwpku d f ( tjrw J rf; ) acgi;f aqmifvyk rf nf[k Oya' jyKxm;jcif;a=umifh ( PRIVILEGE LAW ) txl;tvGef tuGsOH ya' (odk )h txl;tcGit hf a&; ,lxm;aom Oya'jzpfonf? xdk ah =umifzh JG ph nf;tkycf sKyyf kH tajccHOya' xJwiG f jyXmef;&efroifyh g? yk'rf - 14 jynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf/ wdik ;f a'o=u;D v$waf wmfEiS hf jynfe,fvw $ af wmfrsm;wGif v$wfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf / TzGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya't& owfrSwfonfh OD;a&twdik ;f wyfrawmf umuG,af &; OD;pD;csKyu f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onfh wyfrawmf om;rsm;yg0ifonf? EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;. qENESifhtnD 'Drdkua&pDenf;vrf;uspGm a&;qGJxm;ygonf/ jynfoltrsm;.axmufcH qENjyKcsufeJ htnD twnfjyKxm;ygonf qdkaom 2008 zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'xJwiG f / Oya'ESihf rnDnw G af om trsm;pkqENrygaom ta=umif;t&m wpfcu k dk Oya'uJo h kd t h m%mwnfap&ef jyXmef;I/umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyq f akd om vly*k K~d vf wpfO;D wnf;odk t h m%may;tyfxm;onf? xdk ah =umif2h 008 zGJ ph nf;tkycf sKyyf t kH ajccHOya' onftm%m&SifqefaomOya' (odk@) 25 µ aomtm%m&Sifrsm;vufodk@ tm%mudk ay;tyfxm;&m a&mufonf? 50

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

xdk ah =umifv h yl *k Kd~ vw f pfO;D wnf;od@k tvGet f u|t H m%m ( TREMENDOUS LAW) udk ay;tyfxm;&ma&mufI tm%m&Siu f dk Oya'jyKI todtrSwjf yK&ma&mufayonf? xdk t h jyif zGJ ph nf;yHk tajccHOya'2008 onf trsm;jynfou l a&G;cs,af om ( rJay;I ) a&G;aumufcH ( REPRESANTATIVE ) r[kwaf om /vw l pfO;D wpfa,mufwnf;u a&G;cs,cf ef t h yfaom a&G;cs,cf H (NOMINATED PERSON ) cH&olrsm;udk ud, k pf m;vS,[ f k ajymif;vJokH;pGJI/ v$wfawmfwufa&mufcGifhay;jcif;rSmtcGifhxl;cH,ljcif;/ txl;tcGifhta&; ,ljcif;/ tm%mukd tvGet f uGst H oH;k jyKciG hf ay;&ma&mufojzifh ( TREMENDOUS LAW ) ESihf ( PRIVILEGE LAW ) ESpcf v k ;kH / txl;tcGit hf a&;,ljcif;ESihf tm%mudt k vGet f uGsH toH;k jyK&ma&mufojzifh zGJ ph nf;yHt k ajccH Oya'xJwiG f jyXmef;&ef roifyh g? yk'rf - 20 (c) (*) (C) (i) (p) wdk o h nf wyfrawmfqakd om tzGJ t h pnf;wpfcw k nf;uko d m Ekid if aH wmftm%mukd ay;xm; ouJo h kd h wyfrawmf=u;D uom Edik if aH wmfudk umuG,o f a,mif wyfrawmfom;r[kwaf om t&yfom;jynforl sm;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;u Ekid if aH wmfudk rumuG,o f a,mif jynfoEl iS hf wyfrawmfudk aoG;cG/J &efwu kd af y;xm;aom Oya'rsm;jzpfayonf? Edik if o H m;tm;vH;k ( wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESihf jynforl sm; )tygt0if tm;vH;k twGuf ravsmu f efaomOya' ( Oya'ESihf rnDaomOya' ) ( INDISCRIMINATE LAW ) tjzpfawG@ &S&d onf jzpfI zGJ ph nf;yHt k ajccHOya'wGif jyXmef;&efroifyh g? yk'rf - 3 Edik if aH wmfonf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHw k dk h pkaygi;f aexdik =f uaom Edik if jH zpfonf [k qkdxm;ygonf? EkdifiHawmfukd wkdif;&if;om;tm;vHk;u ydkifqkdifonf[k t"dy`g,f a&mufonfjzpfI EdkifiHawmf. yif&if;ydkif&SifrSm wkdif;&if;om; jynfol EkdifiHom;rsm;yif jzpfonf[k t"dyg` ,x f u G I f Oya'ESin hf n D w G yf gonf? yk'rf - 4 Edik if aH wmf. tcsKyt f csmtm%monf Ekid if o H m;rsm;xHrq S if;oufjy;D Ekid if aH wmf w0ef;vH;k Y wnfonf[k qdx k m;ygonf? xdk ah =umifh Ekid if aH wmf. tcsKyt f jcm tm%monf jynfow l kd . h vufwiG &f o dS nf[k Oya'u twnfjyKxm;jy;D tqdyk gwm0eft& jynfou l Ekid if aH wmfudk tkycf sKyrf nfo h rl sm; (odk )h rdrw d dk u h , kd pf m; tkycf sKyaf y;rnfo h rl sm;udk rJpepfjzifh a&G;cs,+f y;D jynfol u h , dk pf m;vS,t f jzpf cef@tyf&ygonf? xdk@a=umifh tm%mt&SdqkH;tjzpfaom jynfolu rdrdwdk hukd,fpm;a&G;aumuf xm;aom orRw. pDrHcef@cGJr_atmufwGif wyfrawmf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfukd cef@tyf jcif;uomvSsif w&m;rSswr_ &Srd nfjzpfonf? wzef... yk'rf - 37 wGif Edik if aH wmf. t"dyg` ,u f dk jyefvnfzJG q h x dk m;onfrmS ... tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

EdkifiHawmfonf ajrtm;vHk; / ajray:ajratmuf/ a&ay:a&atmufESifh avxk twGi;f &Sd oH,ZH mw/ ypPn;f tm;vH;k . yif&if;ykid &f iS jf zpfonf[k jyXmef;xm;jyefonf? xdk ah =umifh yk'rf (3) (4) ESihf yk'rf (37) wkd o h nf 0da&m"d jzpfjyefonf? wkd;wuf+yD;aom EkdifiHwkdif; /'Drkdua&pD&&Sd+yD;aom EkdifiHwkdif;wGif a&G@ajymif;Ekdif aomypPn;f ( MOVABLE PROPERTY ) / ra&G@ajymif;EkdifaomypPnf; ( IMMOVABLE PROPERTY ) rsm;ukd EkdifiHom;wpfOD;csif;qDokd@ ykdifqkdifcGifh ay;xm;onf? ykdif&SifrS oabmrwlvsS if Ekid if aH wmfrS t"rROya'jyKI z,f&mS ;/ord ;f ,ljcif; rjyKEidk af y? yk'rf - 38 (u) EkdifiHom;wkdif;onf Oya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajrmufcGifhESifh a&G;aumuf wifajrmuf cHyidk cf iG &hf o dS nf? ta=umif;t&m t&a&m/ Oya't&yg nDnw G rf _ &Syd gonf? yk'rf - 40 (u) EkdifiHawmf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mukd qlylaomif;usef;r_/ t=urf;zufr_ paom t"rRenf;jzifh &,l&ef aqmif&u G jf cif; (odk )h }uKd ;yrf;jcif;a=umifh jynfaxmifp+k yKd uaJG prnf/h wkid ;f &if;om; pnf;vH;k nDnw G rf +_ yKd uaJG prnfh (odk )h tcsKycf smtm%m vufvw G q f ;kH &SKH ;aprnfh ta&;ay:tajctae ay:aygufvSsif/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&; OD;pD;csKyfonf EdkifiHawmf tm%mukd TzGJ ph nf;yHk tajccHOya'wGif owfrw S jf yXmef;csurf sm;ESihf tnD&,lo;kH pGcJ iG hf &So d nf? Ed k i f i H a wmf t m%muk d wyf r awmf u Oya't& od r f ; cG i f h & S d o nf [ k jyXmef;xm;jcif;jzpfonf?(TREMENDOUS LAW)? tm%mukd tvGeftu|H toHk;jyK xm;aomOya' (PRIVILEGE LAW)? xl;tcGit hf a&;ukd ,lxm;aom Oya' wkd u h t dk oH;k jyKI Oya'jyXmef;xm;jcif; jzpfonf? yk'rf - 47 Ttcef;yg tajccHrrl sm;ESihf tcef; (8) . Ekidf if o H m; / Ekid if o H m;rsm;. rlvtcGihf ta&;ESihf wm0efrsm; tcef;wGiyf g&adS om / "Ekid if aH wmf "qdo k nfrmS a&S ah emufpum;&yfrsm;. t"dy`g,fudk axmufI zGJ@pnf;yHktajccH Oya't& Oya'jyKcGifhtm%mukdaomf4if;/ tkycf sKyrf t _ cGit hf m%mukad omf4if;/ usio hf ;kH aomtzGJ t h pnf; (odk )h vly*k Kd~ vu f dk qkv d o kd nf? xd@k a=umifh yk'rf (3) /y'k rf (4)wk@d wGif rnfo@kd t"dyg` ,zf iG I hf jynfojl ynfom;/ Ekid if o H l EkdifiHom;rsm;xHrS tcsLyftcsmtm%m qif;oufonf[k rnfodk@qkdapumrl/ zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya't& umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKy/f orRw ponfv h yl *k Kd~ vrf sm;. vufxw J iG f tm%m tjynfh ( FULL POWER ) &Sad eonfh twGuf (TREMENDOUS LAW) tm%mukd tvGet f u|H toH;k jyKxm;aomOya'/ ((INDISCRIMINATE LAW) Oya'ESihf rnDaomOya' 52

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

rsm;om jzpfaeonfudk awG &h onf?

tcef; (3) EkdifiHawmforRw ESifh 'kwd,orRw rsm; yk'rf - 59 ( p ) rdru d , kd w f idk af omf4if;/ rdr. d rdbwpfyg;aomf4if;/ rdr. d ZeD; (odk )h cifyeG ;f aomf4if;/ rdr. d w&m;0if om;orD;wpfO;D OD;aomf4if;/ xdo k m;orD;. ZeD; (okd )h cifyeG ;f aomf4if;/ wpfO;D OD; onf Ekid if jH cm;tpd;k &. =oZmcH (okd )h Edik if o H m;jyKol rjzpfap&ay? a&G;aumufcx H m;&aom uk, d pf m;vS,u f dk orRwtjzpf a&G;cs,jf cif;wGif tqkyd g ud, k pf m;vS,Ef iS o hf m wku d &f u kd o f ufqidk af yonf?u , dk pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;cs,cf rH nfo h o l nf EkdifiHom;Oya't& EkdifiHom;jzpfxdkufcGifhr&Sdol rjzpfap&qkdvSsifyif vHkavmufygonf? wpfpw kH pfa,mufudk &nf&, G If }uKd wifyw d yf ifxm;aom Oya'jzpfaeonfrmS xif&mS ;ygonf? INDISCRIMINATE LAW - Oya'ESihf rnDaomOya' DEPRIVE LAW - tcGit hf a&;ukyd w d yf ifaomOya' tjynft h pHq k &dk aomf Ekid if o H m;wpfa,muf. Ekid if o H m;tcGit hf a&;ukd Oya'jyKI ydwyf ifxm;onfrmS xif&mS ;ygonf? xdk ah =umifh ( vH;k 0 ) y,fzsuf (zsuo f rd ;f ) &rnfh Oya' jzpfygonf? yk'rf - 59 Edik if aH wmf orRw ESihf 'kw, d orRwrsm;. t&nftcsi;f rsm;.... (C) EkdifiHawmf ta&;t&mrsm;jzpfaom EkdifiHa&;/tkyfcsKyfa&;/pD;yGm;a&;/ppfa&; ponfh tjrifrsm;&S&d rnf? txufygjyXmef;csurf mS rvdt k yfyg? Edik if aH wmfudk acgi;f aqmifcsiI f ?/ acgi;f aqmif Ekid af om t&nftcsi;f &So d nf[k rdru d , dk u f dk ,H=k unfr_ tjynf&h I dS Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmif ( Ekid if t H a&; twGuf OD;aqmif ) oltjzpf jynforl sm;. a&S@arSmufwiG f &J&0J 0hH x hH u G I f OD;aqmif,OS +f yKd i+f y;D acgi;f aqmifae&m &&Sv d mjcif;jzpfonf? vkyo f ufjzif4h if;/ &mxl;ae&m tvSnt hf usI4if;/ acgi;f aqmifjzpfvmjcif;r[kwI f /y'k rf 59 (C)rSm vH;k 0 rvdt k yfyg? zsuo f rd ;f &rnfom jzpfygonf? INDISCRIMINATE LAW jzpfygonf? w&m;rSswr_ r&Sd /Oya'ESihf rnDyg? yk'rf - 60 (c) - (3) wyfrawmf umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onfh wyfrawmfom; v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f tpktzGJ h rvkt d yfyg? zsuo f rd ;f &rnfh yk'rf jzpfonf? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

jynfol hv$wfawmf yk'rf - (109) jynfol v h w $ af wmfukd uk, d pf m;vS,Of ;D a&trsm;qH;k (440) jzifh zGJ ph nf;&rnf? yk'rf - 109(c) wyfrawmfumuG,af &; OD;pD;csKyu f Oya'ESit hf nD trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onf 110 OD;aom wyfrawmfom; jynfol v h w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ txufazmfjyyg yk'rf - 109 (c)rSm Ekid if t H wGi;f rnforl sS r&&Sad om tm%m (orRw ) yifr&&Sdaom tm%mukd umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfqkdol vlyk*~dKvfwpfOD;wnf;okd@ ay;tyfxm;jcif; jzpfonf? zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya'xJwiG f Oya'jyKI Ekid if aH wmftm%mukd ppfwyfrS odr;f ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf? TREMENDOUS LAW - tm%mukd tvGet f u|H toH;k jyKxm;aomOya' ESihf PRIVILEGE LAW - txl;tcGit hf a&;ukd ,lxm;aom Oya'rsm;jzpfayonf? INDISCRIMINATE LAW - Oya'ESifh rnDaomOya' jzpfygojzifh y,fzsuf &ayrnf?

trsdK;om;v$wfawmf yk'rf - 141 trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfudk v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,Of ;D a&trsm;qH;k 224 OD;jzifh zGJ ph nf;&rnf? yk'rf - 141(c) oufqidk &f mjynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm; tygt0if wkid ;f a'o}u;D (odk )h jynfe,f wpfcpk t D wGuf ud, k pf m;vS,f (4) OD;uspjD zifh wyfrawmf umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f Oya'ESihf tnD trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onfh wyfrawmfom;ud, k pf m;vS,f 56 OD;? jynfol v h w $ af wmfrmS uJo h @kd yif Oya'jyKI ppfwyfutm%modr;f xm;onfyh rm trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfwiG v f nf;umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f yif 56 OD;xyfryH kd v h w $ I f tm%modr;f xm;jyefygonf? Oya'ESirhf nDjcif;/ tm%mukd tvGet f u|H ay;tyfxm;jcif;/ vdt k yfonfxufyrkd I kd txl;tcGit hf a&; ,lxm;jcif;rsm;a=umifh Oya'a&;e,fy,fwiG f w&m;pD&ifa&; r他dKif wdr;f apmif;aeygojzifh y,fzsu&f ayrnf?

wkdif;a'o}uD; v$wfawmf (odk h) jynfe,f v$wfawmf yk'rf -161 wkid ;f a'o}u;D (odk )h jynfe,fvw $ af wmfudk zGJ ph nf;jcif;? 54

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

yk'rf -161(C) a&G;aumufc&H aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygi;f . oH;k yHw k pfykH ESihf nDrsS aom/ wyfrawmfumuG,af &; OD;pD;csKyu f cef@tyfaom wyfrawmfom; uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm; yg0if &rnf? Oya'jyKI tm%modr;f jcif;yifjzpfonf? y,fzsu&f ayrnf? Oya'ESihf rnDnw G yf g? w&m;rSswr_r&Syd g?

tcef; (5) tkyfcsKyfa&; trsdK;om;umuG,fa&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;aumifpD zGJ hpnf;jcif; yk'rf - 201 zGJ ph nf;yHt k ajccHOya't&aomf vnf;aumif;/ Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomf vnf; aumif;/ ay;tyfvmaom wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmifEikd &f ef Edik if aH wmforRw OD;aqmifonfh trsKd ;om;umuG,af &;ESihf vHjk cKH a&;aumifpu D dk atmufygy*k Kd~ vrf sm;jzifh zGJ ph nf;onf? (u) Edik if aH wmforRw (c) 'kw, d orRw (*) 'kw, d orRw (wyfrawmf) (C)jynfol v h w $ af wmf OuUX (i) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf OuUX (p) wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf (q)'kw, d wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf (Z)umuG,af &;0ef}u;D (ps) Ekid if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D (n)jynfxaJ &;0ef}u;D (É) e,fpyfa&;&m0ef}u;D txufazmjyyg trsdK;om;uG,fa&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;aumifpDqdkaom tzGJ@wGif/ Edik if aH wmforRwu OD;aqmifonf[k jyXmef;xm;onf? odk &h mwGif jynfaxmifp0k ef}u;D ESihf 'kw, d 0ef}u;D wdk . h &mxl;oufwrf;/ &mxl;rS E_wx f u G jf cif;/ wm0efr&S yfpjJ cif;ESihf vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfph u G cf ef@xm;jcif; qdak om acgif;pOfatmufwGif yk'rf - 235 (*) Edik if aH wmforRwonf tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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&Jabmfzdk;oHacsmif; 'Dae@ Armjynf&ŒJ Edik if aH &;rSm "zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't=uyftwnf;qdu k af ew,f" qdw k t hJ oH;k tE_e;f acwfpm; aeygw,f? zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'u ol@zmomol wnf¶adS ewmyg? t=uyftwnf; qdu k &f atmifou l v_y&f ¶Sm;&wJh ouf¶t dS &m0wˆKr[kwyf gb;l ? t=uyft wnf;qdu k af ewmu 'D 2008 zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya'eJ@ywfouf+y;D ajymqdk jiif;cH/k Edik if aH &; vkyaf e=uolawGe@J Edik if aH &;ygwaD wG jzpfw,fv@kd qdrk S ydrk eS yf gvrd rhf ,f? bma=umifh 'Dvt kd =uyftwnf; qdu k af ewmvJ? t"dutusq;kH ta=umif;&if;uawmh 2008 zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya'eJ@ywfoufwhJ ud, k &hf yfwnfcsuu f kd wdwd yy/ ajymifajymifwif;wif; ajym&awmhr,ft h csed u f kd a&mufvmvd@k jzpfygw,f? 'g[m vydik ;f yJvykd gawmhw,f? 'Dae@ ArmjynfEdkifiHa&;rSm odomwJhxl;xl;jcm;jcm; vuQ%mESpfck ¶Sdygw,f? eHywfwpfuawmh vuf¶EdS ikd if aH &; jy\emt00&JŒ qHck su[ f m 2008 zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya' jy\em jzpfaewmyg? jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;udpyP jJ zpfjzpf/ trsK;d om; jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;yJ jzpfjzpf 'D 2008 zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'&JŒ rawmfravsmt f csuaf wGukd rz,f¶mS ;bJ b,fvrkd S xda&mufatmif rajz¶Si;f Edik yf gb;l ? 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ 2015 a¶G;aumufy/JG w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&; pwJh udpPawGuawmh ajymaezdk@awmif rvdkygbl;? 'Dawmh 'Dae@EdkifiHa&;orm;awGeJ@ Edik if aH &;tiftm;pkawGukd t"du prf;oyfawmhrmS uawmh 'D 2008 zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya' tay: b,fvo kd abmxm;ovJqw kd m ygy?J 'gukd enf;enf; yd+k y;D tao;pdyaf jym&&if 'D 2008 zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya'txJu b,ftcsuaf wG tay:rSm b,fvo kd abmxm;ovJ qdw k myJ jzpfygw,f? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

vuf¶dS ArmjynfEikd if aH &;&JŒ 'kw, d xl;jcm;csuu f Adv k cf sKy}f u;D ode;f pdet f &yfom; tpd;k &&JŒ " 'Dru kd a&pD " a=umihf Armjynf Edik if aH &;orm;avmurSm ajymqdw k mrSeo f rSs[m w0ufcseaf jymwmcsnv hf kd jzpfaeygw,f? tpm;tukef pm;/ pum;tukerf ajymeJ@ qdo k vdk jywfjywfom;om; ajymwm=um;&cJv+S y;D " 'gayrJ"h wvH;k cHwhJ oHwrmefqefqef a0hvnfvnf pum;rsKd;awGyJ =um;ae&avh¶Sdygw,f? jywfjywfom;om; trsm;qHk;ajym=uwmqdkvdk@ tm%m&aewJh Adkvfrif;atmifvd_if vdk vleJ@ }uHŒzGwfygwDu vlawGavmufyJ¶Sdwmudk owdxm;rdygw,f? olw@kd rsm;uawmh "ajymvdu k &f if tjywfcsnyhf J" vd@k awmif ajym&rvdk jzpfygw,f? orw udk ppfAv kd rf w S yg; b,forl S rjzpfEikd af tmifvyk x f m;wm/ v$waf wmfxu J kd ppfAv kd w f rwfom;u omvm,H Z&yfyrm 0ifcsiw f ikd ;f 0if xGucf siw f ikd ;f xGuv f @kd &atmif vkyx f m;wm/ ppfwyfu tcsed rf a¶G; "tm%modr;f " vd@k &atmif vkyx f m;wm/ zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya'&JŒ ta&;ygwJhtcsufawGudk ppfwyfuoabmrwlbJ jyifvdk@zsufvdk@ r& atmifvkyfxm;wm pwJhtcsufawGudk txift¶Sm;od&ufeJ@ ppftpdk;&vdk@rajymEdkifbJ/ 'Dru kd a&pDvrf;udw k ufvrS ;f aewmjzpfygw,fv@kd ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm rsupf rd w dS f ajymae=u&wJh 0Éfu ru|wcf si=f uao;bl;vm;? tckawmh qifa0S@&efa¶SmifawG vkyv f @kd r&awmhb;l ? bl;qdb k ;l / z¶Hq k zkd ¶Hk ¶Si;f ¶Si;f jywfjywf ajym=u&ygawmhr,f? 'Dawmh t=uyftwnf;awG@awmhwmayg?h OD;pGmtm;jzifh Adv k o f ed ;f pdew f @kd taeeJ@ olw@kd awmif;qdv k @kd ay:vmwJh "t}ujH yKcsu"f oH;k ode;f ausmf (olw@kd tqd)k udk wke@f jyef&/ tajzay;&awmhr,f? ¶Si;f ¶Si;f jywfjywf ajym&awmh r,f? a':pk udk orw rjzpfEikd af tmif wrifvyk x f m;wmjzpfa=umif; twnfjyK 0efc&H awmh r,f? tenf;qHk;awmh "[kwfw,fuGm/ bmjzpfao;vJ" qdkwmrsKd; ajym&yg awmhr,f? olwdk@uawmh ajym0hHrSmyg/ oHo,¶Sdp&mrvdkygbl;? olwdk@ajymorSsudk wHqdyfwHk;¶dkuf twnfjyKay;r,fh "v$waf wmf}u;D " uvnf; toif¶h adS eoud;k ? 'DtcgrmS olw@kd wke@f jyefcsuaf wGukd wjcm;vlawG/ tzG@J tpnf;awGu b,fvkd wke@f jyefrmS vJ? ppfAv kd cf sKyw f &G ŒJ wke@f jyefcsuq f w kd mu ud, k fh "t}ujH yKcsu"f eJ@ ajzmifah jzmif}h u;D qef@usiaf e&if bmqufvyk rf mS vJ? "'gjzihv f nf; +y;D wmyJAsm" vd@k qd+k y;D jyKorSsE/k ykomG ;rSmvm;? 'Dawmhum 'DEpS t f wGi;f vG,v f , G af jym&ifyJ Edik if aH &;tiftm;pkawGukd prf;oyfrmS tqifEh pS q f if¶h adS ew,fv@kd qdEk ikd yf gw,f? yxrtqifu h b,ftcsuaf wGukd b,fvakd wmif; qdrk mS vJ qdw k m? aemufwqifu h ud, k af wmif;qdw k mawGukd Adv k cf sKyaf wGu jiif;y,fvu kd &f if bmqufvyk rf mS vJ qdw k mjzpfygw,f? zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk jyifz@kd wifjyw,fqw kd m[m uHprf;rJEd_ufovdk udk,hftqdkatmifjrif&iftjrwf/ ratmifjrifvnf;ta&;r}uD;bl;vdk@ vkyrf &bl;qdw k m owdjyKoifyh gw,f? 66

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

jyifqifzdk@wifjyw,fqdk&if ppfAdkvfawGeJ@ u¾aump jzpfr,fhtcsufawG wifjy0hyH grh vm;? 'grrS [kwf jyifqifz@kd wifw,fqw kd hJ emrnfav;&,Hk tay:,Htcsuaf wGyJ wifrmS vm;? tcktcgrmS ppftpd;k &eJ@ }uŒH zGwyf gww D @kd uvnf; 'Dz@JG pnf;yHk tajccHOya'rSm jyifoifhwmawG¶Sdw,f/ jyif&r,fvdk@ajymaewm r[kwfygvm;? 'gayrJh olwdk@jyifr,f qdw k mawGu wdik ;f jynfukd ppftyk pf u k aqGpOfrsK;d quf csKyu f ikd Ef ikd af tmif jyÏmef;xm;wJh tcsuaf wGukd jyifrmS r[kwyf gb;l ? 'D 2008 zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk vufcx H m;&w,fqw kd mrSm omreft&yfom;eJ@ EdkifiHa&;orm;rwlygbl;? omreft&yfom;uawmh rwwfomvdk@qdk+yD; oleJ@rqdkifovdk aevd@k &ygw,f? 'gayrJh Edik if aH &;orm;qdo k u l awmh wm0ef¶ydS gw,f? t¶H;_ ay;+y;D 'g}u;D eJ@ qufEpS yf g;oGm;ae&if t"dym` ,fu awmfawmfq;kd ygw,f? ajym&&if Zmwfvrf;wGu J ¶Snrf ,fo h abmyg? Edik if aH &;orm;awGbufu bmvkyf rvJ? tJ'v D v kd yk v f m&if t&yf0wf ppftpd;k &u bmvkyrf vJ? Adv k af X;OD; ajymcJw h phJ um;twdik ;f umvHu k tm%modr;f zd@k vdw k ,fq+kd y;D odr;f rSmvm;? odr;f &if b,fvw kd ek @f jyefrmS vJ? q&mAef;armfwifatmif ajymwJh ordik ;f uay;vmwJh wm0ef}u;D uawmh Edik if aH &; avmuom; tm;vH;k &JŒ ykc;kH ay:rSma&mufaeyg+y?D OD;ode;f pdef ppftpd;k &uawmh ppftyk pf k tqufqufu ay;xm;wJw h m0efudk ausausyeG yf eG f xrf;aqmifygvrd rhf ,f? usefEdkifiHa&; avmuom;awGua&m/ b,folay;wJh wm0efudk xrf;rSmvJ? 'grrS [kwf acgi;f a¶SmifrmS vm;?

&Jabmfzdk;oHacsmif;

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

jrefrmhEdkifiHa&; &moDOwk rkefwdkif;xefrnhf t&dyfta,mifwcsKdŒjrifae&onf Awd;k &Sed f

2008 zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya' tusyt f wnf; jzpfae+y?D jyif;xefonhf Ekid if aH &; rkew f ikd ;f wcktjzpf ajymif;oGm;Ekid o f nf? ArmjynfrmS vGwv f yfa&;acwfaemufyikd ;f zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya' 3 ck &Scd w hJ m tm;vH;k od=u+y;D jzpfrnf? yxr - Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef; acgi;f aqmif onhf vGwv f yfa&; wku d yf 0JG if rsK;d cspjf ynfcspf Ekid if aH &;orm;}u;D rsm; a&;qGjJ yÏmef;cJo h nhf vGwv f yfa&;ESifh ayguzf mG ;cJah om 1947 ckEpS /f zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyyf kH tajccHOya'? 'gukd OD;ae0if; 1962 ppfwyfEiS fh tm%modr;f +y;D eif;ajcypfvu kd o f nf? 'kw, d - rqv wygwD ppftm%m &Sipf epftwGuf ppfwyfaemufcEH iS fh a&;qGt J wnfjyKonhf 1974 zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya'? 'D vlxq k ENrygaom rqv ppftpd;k & zG@J pnf;yHOk ya'udk &Spaf v;vH;k ta&;awmfyrkH mS vlxw k u kd yf JG enf;jzihf acsre_ ;f ypfc&hJ onf? wwd, - tck jy\emjzpfvmaeonfu 2008 zG@J pnf;yHk tajccH Oya' jzpfonf? 'D2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkOya'u csDuwnf;u ,Ofoudk qdkovdk pwif jynfwnf uwnf;u jy\emESifh pcJo h nf? &Spaf v;vH;k ta&;awmfy. kH a=u;G a=umfojH zpfonhf ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pD awmif;qdrk t _ m; rvGeq f efEikd I f tm%modr;f ppftyk pf u k 1990 a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yay;cJo h nf? vlxk axmufcrH &_ xm;onhf NLD u a&G;aumufyw JG iG f tjywftowf tEkid &f onf? 'gayrJh NLD udk tm%mv$rJ ay;vdI k zG@J pnf;yHk tkycf sKyyf akH &;qGaJ &; ta=umif; jy+y;D tm%modr;f ppftyk pf [ k m twkta,mif trsK;d om; nDvmcHukd 'Dru kd a&pD tiftm;pk rsm;ESifh &[ef;&Siv f l jynfot l rsm; qef@usif uef@uGuaf eonh=f um;u pdw}f uKd uf ud, k pf m; vS,rf sm;ESifh ZGwt f wif;ac:,l+y;D TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyyf }kH u;D udk a&;qGcJ jhJ cif;jzpfonf? T 2008 zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya'. t"du &nf&, G cf suu f tvGe&f iS ;f ygonf? 90 ckEpS f a&G;aumufyJG acszsu+f y;D 'Dru kd a&pDwm;qD;a&;/ ppftm%m&Sipf epf qufvuf usio fh ;kH a&; jzpfonf? wu,fu 90 ckEpS f a&G;aumufcH jynfo@l ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESifh zG@J pnf;yHk topf a&;&rSm jzpfonf? ppfwyfu 0ifa&;zd@k wm0efr&S?d ppfwyfu ppfwef;vsm; jyef&efom 68

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

vdo k nf? od@k ayrJh tm%modr;f ppftyk pf u k tm%mvufrv$wv f I kd anmifEpS yf if twk ta,mif trsK;d om;nDvmcHukd tajccHOya'a&;qGaJ ewm 14 ESp/f 15 ESpaf vmuf =umcJyh g onf? 'DumvtwGif; nDvmcHudk qef@usifuef@uGufonhf 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/ jynforl sm;tm; rw&m;zrf;qD; zdEydS n f OS ;f yef;owfjzwfra_ wG/ axmifcsra_ wG vkyo f nf? jynfy xGufajy;&olawGvnf; trsm;tjym;&Sdonf? ppftm%m&SifawG vufapmif;xufonhf TumvtwGi;f ppftm%mydik rf sm;ESifh 4if;wd@k taygi;f yg c&dek rD sm;ay:ayguv f m+y;D wdik ;f jynf. obm0t&if; tjrpfrsm; ajymif;wvif;cgatmif xkcGJa&mif;cs t&if;tESD; pkaqmif;csdef &oGm;onf? 4if;ppfAsL&du k &uf t&if;tES;D rsm;jzihf vkyif ef;&Si}f u;D rsm; ukr% ` o D al X;}u;D rsm; ay:xGucf o hJ nf? ,ae@txdvnf; t"du jrefrmhp;D yGm;a&; toufaoG;a=umrSeo f rSsukd vlwpk vufxrJ mS yJ &So d nf? wdik ;f jynfEiS fh jynforl sm;uawmh qif;&JwiG ;f epfoxufepf/ jzLumjymum usI urBmrSm jrefrmqdw k m rsuEf mS i,fp&mtjzpf a&muf=u&awmhonf? 'gawGu 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya'a&;qGJcsdefumv ppftm;%m&Sifrsm; vufatmufrmS obm0 o,HZmwESifh v,f,majrawG/ aoG;ac|;rsu&f nfawG wkid ;f jynfEiS fh jynfoal wGu ay;qyfvu kd =f u&jcif;jzpfonf? rqv ppftm%m&Sipf epf usm;&Jukd &Spaf v;vH;k vlxw k u dk yf JG enf;jzihf tpG,cf sK;d ypfEidk cf ahJ omfvnf; taorowfEidk cf I hJ xdu k sm;em}u;D u tpG,jf yefxu G f +y;D 2008 zG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya'ESifh awmajymif;tm;arG;vmjcif; jzpfonf? ppftm%m&Sif pepf toufjyefoiG ;f xm;onhf Tusm;&J}u;D u jynforl sm;udk 'kuaQ y;Ekid o f nf? tcsdefra&G; usm;qGJcH&rnhf tEœ&m,f&Sdonf? u|Efkyfwkd@ 'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf jynforl sm;taeeJ@ rdat;ESpcf gem rjzpf=u&ef ta&;}u;D vmcsed af &mufae+y?D ppftm%m&Sifpepf om;pOfajr;quf tarGqufcHa&; a&;qGJxm;onhf 2008 zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'u ,ckrsuaf rSmufumvrSmyif tm%m&Sif om;ajr;awG wpcef;x tpGr;f jyae=u+yD r[kwyf gvm;? 'D 2008 zG@J pnf;yHk ysuaf tmifrzsuEf ikd I f om;pOfajr;quf tarGqufcH tkycf sKyaf e=uygu wkid ;f jynf a&SŒa&; rawG;&Jp&myifjzpfonf? 'Dru kd a&pD vkv d m; olrsm;bufrS 2008 zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk jyKjyif,al &;ESifh topfjyefvyk af &; 0d0g'uGaJ e =uaomfvnf; TzG@J pnf;yHk tajccHOya'ESifh a&SŒqufomG ;r& a=umif; tm;vH;k tjrifwal eonf? 'gu jynfoal wGbufu ta&;ygonhf tm;omcsuf jzpfonf? }uzhH @HG trwf wcsKŒd yif jyKjyif,la&; vkdufajymaeonf? 'Dvdk yGwfavmnHvmonhf tajctaerSm tm%m& =uzHh @HG ygwu D vufO;D r_,l v$waf wmfrmS tqdw k if+y;D aemuf 2013 Zlvikd f 25 rSm zG@J pnf;yHk tajccH Oya' jyefvnfo;kH oyfa&;aumfrwDukd v$waf wmfEpS &f yfaygi;f 109 OD;ESifh zG@J pnf;onf? =uHhzGH@udk,fpm;vS,f 52 OD;/ ppfwyfudk,fpm;vS,f 25 OD;/ NLD udk,fpm;vS,fu 7 OD;/ tjcm;aomygwrD sm;uvnf; 2 OD;/ 3 OD;pDom yg0ifciG &fh +dS y;D zG@J pnf;vdu k jf cif;jzpfonf? =uzhH @HG ESifh tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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'Drdkua&pD onf vli,fwdk h. tem*gwf

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

xm;w,f? uav;b0uwnf;u vli,fawG[m " vl}u;D awGukd jyefajymp&mrvdb k ;l "qdw k ŒJ pum;wpfceG ;f &JŒ atmufu b,fawm@rS rvGwaf jrmufbJ vlvm;ajrmuf=u&w,f? uav; oli,fawGeJŒ vli,fawGudk wpfzufowfzdESdyfxm;wJŒ ,Ofaus;r_udk u|efawmfwdkŒ tjrwfwEd;k eJŒ raysmufysuaf tmif xde;f odr;f xm;cJŒ=uw,f? tJ'D ,Ofaus;r_uae u|efawmfwdkŒ vlŒtzGJŒtpnf;udk aumif;aumif;}uD; xdcdkufysufpD;apwJŒ &v'fawGyJ &aew,fqdkwm owdxm;rdwJ@ol r&SdoavmufyJ? vli,fawGb0rSmtrSm;trSeaf 0zefyikd ;f jcm;Edik pf rG ;f awG avsmŒusuek =f uw,f? critical thinking qdw k @J ydik ;f jcm;a0zefo;kH oyf+y;D axmif@pHb k ufppkH Of;pm;wwfwŒJ "av@[m vlwikd ;f b0udk atmifjrifzdkŒ twW/ y& rSswpGm aexdkif touf&SifEdkifzdkŒ r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfcsufjzpfayr,f@ u|efawmfwdkŒwdkif;jynfu vli,fawGrSm tJovdk pOf;pm;awG;ac:wwfwJh OmOfrsdK;awG r&S=d uawmŒbl;? vli,fawGqw kd m wpfaeŒ vl}u;D jzpfvm=uwmjzpfavawmŒ ud, k &f nfu, kd af oG; jynfŒrDwŒJ vli,fawGjzpfatmif av@usiyhf sKd ;axmifay;zdŒk ysuu f u G af ewJ@ twGuf olw@kd wawG vl}u;D jzpfvmwJ@ tcg olwŒkd b0rSm &oif@ &xdu k w f ŒJ atmifjrifru _ kd tjynfŒt0 b,fawm@rS &=urSm r[kwb f ;l ? olwŒkd rSw D if;aexdik w f @J vlŒabmiftzGŒJ tpnf;udv k nf; xdxad &mufa&muf aumif;usKd ;jyKEikd w f ŒJ pGr;f &nfr&S=d uawm@bl;? vli,fawG ratmifjrifb;l qdw k m wdik ;f jynfratmifjrifwmyJ? vli,fawG&ŒJ atmif jrifr_ qH;k &H;_ w,fqw kd m vlŒabmiftzGŒJ tpnf;wpfcv k ;kH &JŒ atmifjrifr_ qH;k &H;_ wmjzpfw,f? u|efawmfwdkŒwdkif;jynfrSm vl}uD;awG[m vli,fawGudk jyKpk ysdK;axmifwJ@ enf;vrf;vnf;rrSeb f ;l ? vli,fawGukd cspyf ckH spef nf;vnf; vGaJ e=uw,f? vli,fawG[m enf;rSefvrf;rSefeJŒzGHŒ+zdK;cGif@/ &Sifoef}uD;jyif;cGif@ r&=ubl;? vl}uD;awGuyJ vli,fawG av;pm;wmudk twif;t"rR t&,lxm;=u+y;D / vl}u;D awGuvnf; vli,fawGukd av;pm; &r,f/ wefz;kd xm;&r,f qdw k mar@avsm@ae=uw,f? u|eaf wmfwŒkd vlŒabmiftzGŒJ tpnf;[m ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm atmufwef;aemufwef; usc@J &w,f? qif;&JraJG wcJ@&w,f? tm%m&Sifpepfqdk;a=umif@ qdkwmrSefayr,f@ vli,fawGudk pepfwus jyKpk ysdK;axmifzdkŒ ysufuGufjcif;/ vli,fawG&JŒ pOf;pm;awG;ac:EdkifpGrf;udk abmifcwfxm;jcif;/ vli,fawGukd wefz;kd xm;yHk vGaJ csmaf ejcif;pwJŒ jyoemrsm;u wdik ;f jynf'u k aQ &muf&wJŒ ta=umif;&if;awGxu J ta&;ygwŒJ ta=umif;&if; wpfcjk zpfw,fqw kd m owdjyKoif@+y?D vli,fawGukd av;av;eufeufwefz;kd xm;oif@+y?D vGwv f yfpmG awG;wwfac:wwfatmif avŒusi@f ysKd ;axmifay;oif@+y?D rdbawG[m olwdkŒ avmbawGjznfŒqnf;zdkŒ om;orD;jzpfwJŒ vli,fawGudk toH;k csae=uw,fqw kd m olwŒkd bmomowdrjyKr=d ubl;? olwŒkd vdt k ifqENawG /tyd rf ufawG/ tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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qDodk@vnf;aumif;/ pdrf;jyma&mif {&m0wDjrpfab;u 0gndKndK ausmufurf;yg;qDodk@ vnf;aumif; wd;k xdzufiif E_wq f ufaevdrrhf nf xifonf? (2) "..............." ckwpfcg tar[m c&D;xGuaf wmhr,f? aowWm&JŒ eab;rSm zufjzLwpfvyd f rD;jcpfwpfv;kH nSyx f m;wJh xrif;wpfxkyfeJ@...? a=omf... c&D;oGm;r,ft h ar&,f eH@omawGuakd wmh vdr;f uso H vd@k xm;yg&JŒ b,fEh , S f qHyifawGu ajyvkd@usaewmvJ..." (armif')D tarhrsuEf mS rSmawmh eH@omawGr&Syd g? cgwikd ;f 0wfaeus tnmzsix f x l u l av;udyk J tar0wfxm;onf? ajyavsmhaeaom tndKa&mif xbDa[mif;uav;u tarhtrSwf wHqdyfvkd@ ajymEkdifonf? tarhajcaxmufawGuawmh c&D;rkdifaygif;rsm;pGmudk r&yfrem; oGm;cJ&h [efjzifh =urf;ajcmuftufuaJG ,mif,rf;aeonf? c&D;onftar? q&marmif'D&JŒ uAsmuav;udko trSwf&aerdawmhonf? a0'em&ufawGwkef;u tarhajcaxmufawG a,miftrf;aecJhzl;onf? tar=udKufaom Ekd@rygonfh aumfzD=urf;ESifh pyspfoD;awGudkyifvSsif tarrpm;Ekdifawmhwm =um+yD? a,miftrf;aeonfh olŒajcaxmufawGukd udik w f , G &f if; ta=umif;rJh idck siv f nf; idak ewwf onf? "ajcaxmufawG a&mifae+yq D &kd ifawmh yx0Dysuaf e+yaD ygu h , G f...t&d,mykw/f r[mbkwf vGe, f w k "f mwfrnDwh"J vGecf ahJ om &ufawGu jrefrmaq;q&m. pum;awGukd rSwrf ad eonf? udik pf rf; =unfhawmh tarhajcaxmufawGuawmh at;pufae+yD? onfajcaxmufygyJ/ tnm&Gm uav;rSmwke;f u tar yifyef;=u;D pGm vkycf &hJ onf? aeylzek x f rl mS rdik af ygi;f rsm;pGm tar tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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avSsmufc&hJ zl;onf? zkecf ;kd awG a0aewwfaom taemufuiG ;f jyifawGqu D r_erf e_ u f av; vSrf;jrif&wwfaom aumufoif;aumufolawGxJrSm "tar b,folvJ" a0cGJ&if; arSsmaf e&wmudk u|eaf wmf arhI r&Ekid cf ?hJ wpfcgwpfavawmhvnf; rd;k =u;D csKyw f mawmif tarhukd rjrif&? tvGeaf 0;aom t&yfu rd;k jyma&mifaemufcjH zifh jrif&wwfaom ykym` ; awmif=u;D ukd ai;&D&if;rSmyif rd;k arSmif=u;D usvmwwfao;onf? "uae@ aumufoif;awmfawmf&vdk@ om;&JŒ...ta0;=uD;oGm;&wmom;a&Œ/ arSmifaeyg+yDaum...tarvmrSmaygh...om;ra=umufbl;vm;..." acgif;ay:u vufwpfbufcef@ aumufoif;xkwf=uD;udk ykwfjy&if; tarajym wwfonf? rnf;csw d af eaom tarh rsuEf mS ay:u tjyKH ;awG/ tarhac|;eHŒawG/ ylavmifae wwfaom tarhvufz0g;awGudk tJonfwek ;f u cHpm;&rSe;f u|eaf wmfrodyg? aqmif;0ifp &moDawGrmS rde;f rom;wefrhJ =uaH bmifawG azmfcsiaf zmfaewwfonf? wpfcgwpfcgawmhvnf; =ucH if;xJrmS =u&H u G af [mif;awG rD;&SKd Œcsiv f nf; &SKd Œaewwfo f nf? =uzH wfcmG csed af wGrmS awmh tarhrsufESmawG vnfyif;awG/ vufawGrSm =uH&Guf&S&mawG tjynfh? naewkdif; =uaH csmif;&if&h ifh wpfacsmif;udk ckwu f m nbufvomomrSm uGyyf spaf y:xkid &f if; =upH yk =f u/ pum;awGajym=u/ wpfcgwpfcgawmh nOfheufoef;acgiftxd? taru olŒi,fb0awG/ a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfawG/ aps;axmifhwrmyifu wapWta=umif;awG/ =uHaps;twuf tusawG/ yHjk yifawG/ pdwv f v kd uf& ajymwwfcsed rf mS onftcsed u f av;rSmyJ jzpfavonf? rdk;awGavawG wonf;onf;&Sdwwfaom rdk;aESmif;&moDrSmawmh tar rke;f acsmif;xJrmS xif;q,fwwfonf? rke;f acsmif;ESihf &Gmu wpfqufwpfpyfwnf;ayr,fh tawmfuav; a0;onf? rd;k onf;onf;xJrmS =u;D rm;aom xif;wH;k wpfw;kH udk &Guu f m tarjyefvmwwfonf? rD;zdkuav;rSm yJ=uD;a&wGef@ vufawGudk rD;uifae&if;u tarhEw _ cf rf;awG wqwfqwfwek af eonf? wpfcgwek ;f uawmh u|eaf wmf ausmif;rwufcsio f jzifh tdro f may:rSm ae@wpf avmuf xkdifcJhzl;onf? tdrfomx&Haygufu u|efawmfacsmif;=unhfawmh taru tdro f ma&SŒ refusn;f yif&yd rf mS ikww f w k ?f u|eaf wmf aemufxyf em&D0ufavmuf xkid af e aomfvnf; tar&Sad eonfom? onfvEkd iS hf em&Daygi;f rsm;pGm u|eaf wmfxikd af eaomfvnf; taru bmwpfceG ;f rS rajymbJ apmifah eavonf? =umawmh tarhudk oem;vmonf? tdro f may:u u|eaf wmfqif;awmh tarjyKH ;onf? +y;D rS wd;k wd;k uav; ajymonf? "om;uav;u ZGJaumif;vdkufwm? tJ'DZGJrsdK;eJ@om pm}udK;pm;&if a'gufwm at;jzpfrmS yJ odvm;..." a'guw f mat;rSm &Gmaq;cef;u use;f rma&;r_;ukd ac:jcif;jzpfonf? wpfcguvnf; &GmESihf odyrf a0;aom bk&m;ysuaf wG=um;rSm oH;k av;&ufavmuf u|eaf wmf ausmif;ajy; 114

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zl;onf? yxrawmh tarrodyg? aemufawmh tar u|efawmfhudk vkduf&Smonf? vG,ftdwfudk Z&yfa[mif;tpGef;u oHrSm csdwfxm;&if;u bkef;=uD;ausmif;om;awGESifh ausmufcaJ wG pDypfaewke;f jzpfonf? tar &kww f &uf a&mufvmum aeylxrJ mS oJ=u;D rJ=u;D upm;aeaom u|eaf wmfeh m;&Guaf wGukd tar qGv J rd o f nf? em;&Guu f kd qG&J if;uyJ tdraf wGukd jzwfum tdru f kd ac:vmawmh wpf&mG vH;k u xGu=f unfo h nf? Tonfyif taru '%fay; vdkufjcif;jzpfI tdrfa&mufawmh r&dkufawmhyg? taru &Sufygapawmh[k &nf&G,fyHk &aomfvnf; u|eaf wmf r&Suyf g? aemufawmhvnf; ausmif;rajy;jzpfawmh? wpfcgawmhvnf; u|efawmfudk,fwkdif pdwfxdcdkufcJh&zl;onf? pdwfvdkvuf& &Sw d wfonfh nawGrmS useG af wmfh ausmif;pmtkyaf wGukd tar=unfah vh&o dS nf? pmawGukd em;vnfv@kd r[kwb f J =uufajccwfxm;aom rifeaD wGukd tar=unfjh cif; jzpfavonf? rife=D uufajccwfawG Avmpmtkyx f rJ mS jynfEh u S af evSsif tarhrsuEf mS odoo d mom=u;D tdrk if;oGm;wwfonf? xdak e@u ausmif;u tjyefrmS ynm&nfw;kd wufrr_ w S w f rf;uav; ygvmonf? rdbtkyfxdef;olae&mrSm tarhudk vufrSwfxdk;cdkif;awmh "[,f..igrS rxd;k wwfwm" [kq&dk if; tar&Suaf eavonf? wu,fuvnf; tar vufrw S rf xd;k wwfyg? tar pmvnf; rwwf&Smyg? u|efawmfu vufrSwfrxdk;wwf&if =uufajccwfvdk@ &w,fqadk wmh tar r&Jw&J =uufajccwfygonf? +y;D awmhrS... "taruav...rif ; u &w,f q d k v k d @ om...om; uwf j ym;rS m tar =uufajcrcwfcsifygbl;" [k qdkavonf? teDa&mif =uufajccwfawGudk rkef;aom tar...xdkae@u tarhpum;awGrSm 0rf;enf;p&m rygaomfvnf; u|efawmf xdktjzpf tysuu f kd wpfoufv;kH owd&aevdrrhf nf xifygonf? (3) tarhudk olw@dk [d;k rSm refusn;f yifawG pdr;f nSKd Œ nSdKŒeJ@ Z&yftdktdk ausmufw;kH eDnKd ndKawG pDxm;wJh ocsKF if;qdw k hJ ae&mudk yd@k =uawmhrvk@d w?hJ vSn;f bD;ukd jyifqif+yD;=uaygh tarhtavmif;ukd acgif;xJxnfh=uaygh... a=u;pnfukd tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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&du k Ef u S =f uaygh... (ydik pf ;kd a0) a=u;pnf&u dk o f H us,af vmifpmG xGuaf y:vmonf? a=u;pnforH sm;ukd r=umc% =um;zl;aomfvnf; tarhtwGuf &dkufcwfvdkufaom onfa=u;pnfoHurl &ifudk qk@d epfomG ;apavonf? twefi,f euf&i_d ;f aom ajrusi;f xJrmS ae&zd@k eD;+yv D @kd owday; vdkufwJh toHxifyg&JŒ? tar&Sdwkef;uawmh tnmolyDyD ocsõKif;udk "vkyfwkdif;" vdk@ ac:avh&o dS nf? taru udik ;f wHawG av;bufav;wef qef@wef;jzmxGuaf ewwfaom anmifrkwfqdwfyif tarG;zGm;zGm;atmufu olŒ&GmocsõKif;a[mif;ukd pGJvef;p&mr&Sd pGv J ef;aewwfonf? "uk, d &hf mG u vkyw f idk ;f av;rSmyJ tar acgi;f cscsiw f ,f? tJ'D vkyw f idk ;f uav;rSm igt h az&Sw d ,f? igt h arvnf; &Sw d ,f...igo h il ,fcsi;f awGvnf; &Sw d ,f" tar r=umc%ajymwwfaom pum;awG jzpfavonf? tarh&mG u ocsKõ i;f udk u|eaf wmf a&mufz;l onf? &Gmajrmufbufu ESr;f crf;awGqu D dk oGm;onfh vSn;f vrf;u onfocsKõ i;f xJudk jzwfomG ;onf? ,mcif;xJrmS vSn;f pD;zd@k vSn;f wpfp;D pD;eJ@ vdu k yf gomG ;&wkid ;f onfocsKõ i;f udk jzwf&onft h cg rsupf ad wGukd pHrk w dS /f toufawG atmifu h m vdu k o f mG ; avh&Sdonf? wpfcgwpfavawmhvnf; ocsõKif;udk =unfhcsifonf? vSnf;cyfa0;a0; a&mufawmhrS ocsKõ i;f udk vSr;f =unf&h aJ wmhonf? ocsKõ i;f qdw k m bmrSvJ rxl;qef;ygvm;? tkw*f al v; oH;k av;vH;k ESihf usew f mu ajrurlr@kd rk@d awG/ =uufqyl ifawG tvdak v;yifawG/ tbdk;=uD; tr,f=uD;yifawG? b=uD;yef;Ou uGrf;,mwpf,m yg;pyfxJrsm jrHK&if;u AHk&Snf=uD;udk jzKwfum odkif;vG,fonf? [dkbufonfbuf vufwqef@&Snfvsm;aom AH&k n S =f u;D udk "aAwdk;ywf aAwdk;ywf aAh aAh +Adef;"[lI vnf;aumif; "aAh ydef aAh ydef +Adef; +Aed ;f " [lIvnf;aumif; tqpfusus wD;avh&o dS nf? E_wcf rf;om;awG xlxal eojzifh toH t aeonfh vif;uGi;f ESihf ES=J u;D u om,m=unfE;l zG,f raumif;vSaomfvnf; &ifxrJ mS xdcu kd o f mG ;apavonf? taru b=u;D yef;Otdru f kd vmvnfwidk ;f "ukyd ef;O awmfaovd@k rjzpfbl;aemf usKyftokb awmfygrS pnfrSm" qdkawmh b=uD;u "pdwfcs aumifra& nnf;rajymeJ@ wpf&mG vH;k ao+y;D rS usKyu f aorSmAs"vd@k ajymwwfonf? tJonfwek ;f u b=u;D yef;Ou olŒAH&k n S 0f ikd ;f aemufu vdu k o f nfh uav;awGukd usyfaph'*Fg;wpfjym;pD ay;avh&Sdonf? wD;0dkif;aemufu vdkuf&if; ocsõKif;u tjyefrSm usyaf phwpfaph ygvmwwfaom u|eaf wmfu h kd taru rqlyg? "at; aumif;w,f om;...vdu k v f u kd .f ..romwpfacguf ausmif;q,facguw f "hJ [k ajymwwfonf? wpfcgawmh aeyl=u;D xJrmS AH&k n S 0f ikd ;f ESihf vdu k rf o d jzifh tyl&yS u f m u|eaf wmf tjyif;zsm;ygonf? wpf&ufu ESpf&uf owdvpfrwwf zsm;awmh taru rqDrqdkif 116

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b=uD;yef;Oukd &efawGŒygonf? aemufaemif AHk&Snf0kdif;em; u|efawmfa&mufoGm;vSsif b=uD ; u... "rif ; rvd k u f y geJ @ uG m... rif ; taru igh u k d &ef a wG Œ w,f u G / a&mh ² ² '*Fg;wpfaph,o l mG ; rvku d ef @J =um;vm;" AH&k n S 0f ikd ;f ESihf vku d yf gciG rhf &bJ '*Fg;wpfaph&vmawmhvnf; bma=umifrh eS ;f rodbJ tar r&du k pf zl; &du k yf gonf? tarhukd u|eaf wmf em;rvnfEidk yf g? bma=umifh &du k rf eS ;f vnf; rodyg? aemufawmhvnf; vdu k cf iG &hf jyefygonf? "r,f h rsuf & nf i ,f a v...pD ; oG , f u sqif ;...a&$ o H v sif ; ES i f h ro+*õ K [f & m awm0uEWm zdu k six f ;kd vd@k jyK&;kd yg oHpumeJ@ jymawmfusatmif o+*Kõ [&f yJG..." t&ufawG rl;atmif aomufxm;aom ba'G;av; pHatmifo h cD si;f ukd oHusawG vdu k rf w _ af y;aom ES=J u;D oH0g0g=u;D u tnmaeylxrJ mS ydrk kd vGr;f p&maumif;aewwfonf? b=u;D yef;Ouawmh tqpfuu kd f "aAwd;k ywf ... aAwd;k ywf...aAaAjAdef;"udk rsupf =d u;D pHkrSdwfwD;&if;u pdwfraumif;jzpfaewwfonf? xkdtcgrsdK;wGif b,folŒtokbjzpfjzpf acgi;f uwbufuav;ukd &kwu f m taridw k wfonf? "wdk@&Gmu pdwfaumif;&SdwJh vlwpfa,muf avsmhoGm;jyef+yDaygh" vdk@vnf; tokbawGu jyefwkdif; tar ajymwwfonf? tJonfae@wpfae@vHk; aoqHk;ol. vGr;f armzG,af umif;aom ta=umif;xkyw ` u f kd pDumywfu;kH wwGww f w G f ajymaewwfonf? tckawmh +rdKŒ jy. qifajczHk;uav;wpfckrSm ta=umif;tm;avsmfpGm u|efawmfESifhtwl taraeae&+y?D armfawmfum;ESihf &kyt f avmif;ukd wifum tyl&yk rf hJ um;pD;&if; yd@k wwf =uonfh +rKd Œ jytokb&_ukd tarawGŒumpu =u;D pGmaom tH=h ojcif; jzpfz;l onf? aemufawmh vnf; &d;k oGm;[efjzifh +rKd Œ jyoauFw +rKd Œ jytm&Hak wGxrJ mS tar aewwfomG ;avonf? (4) "............................ vrf;u =urf;vdu k w f m tar awmifurl usww f ;D =um; ESpaf wGrsm;pGm a&wku d pf m;r_e@J ysuv f v k v k n S ;f vrf;ay:rSm tarhacgif;[m v_y, f rf;vScsnhf jznf;jznf;… jznf;jznf;²… ql;udik ;f awG ab;z,f... rsuEf mS udk jcpfr=d uOD;r,f" (ydik pf ;kd a0) tarhtavmif;ukd &yfuu G f ocsKõ i;f uav;rSmyJ jrKS yEf zHS @kd pDpOf&awmhonf? tarhukd tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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ydk@aqmifonfhae@u vlodyfrrsm;vSyg? ,drf;v_yfaeaom tarhacgif;udk =unfh&if; b=u;D yef;O&JŒ AH&k n S w f ;D oHawGukd =um;a,mifaerdavonf? ocsKõ i;f u awmfawmfuav; vSr;f onf? &d;k jywfawmudk jzwfawmh ocsKõ i;f Z&yfr;kd uav;udk vSr;f awGŒae&+y?D &Gmu ocsKõ i;f vdk anmifrw k q f w d yf ifr&S?d tkEyJM ifuav; wpfyifyJ &So d nf? ocsKõ i;f ukd =uKd wifa&muf&u dS m usi;f wl;ESio hf al wGu "aemufvmOD;rvm;a[h" [k atmf&if; ajrpdik cf aJ wGe@J vSr;f ypfawmh vlawGu "rvmawmhygb;l "wJ?h ocsKõ i;f udk rvmawmhygb;l wJ?h &Ekid o f vm;? tJovdk ajym&if ocsKõ i;f ukd wu,f roGm;&awmhb;l vm;? vSr;f ypfvu dk af om ajrpdu k cf aJ wGu vlawGukd rxd? &d;k jywfuiG ;f xJrmS yJ usa&mufausysuo f mG ;avonf? tarhtavmif;udk ajrusi;f xJo@kd =uKd ;jzifah vSsmI jznf;nSi;f pGmrcsrD "m;rOD;jzifh 'kwfceJ 'kwfceJ ckepfcgwkdufonf? Todk@jzifh ajrusif;xJrSm tarhukd usOf;usyfpGm xm;&pfc&hJ awmhonf? "udik ;f ...uefawmhv@kd &+yD...usew f hJ vlrsm;u ajrcJcek pfcpJ aD vmuf zd@k =uyg" tokbydk@olawGu ajrpdkifcJawGudk udkifum zkd@onf? usif;wl;olawGuawmh aygujf ym;awGe@J ,ufum zd@k =uaomfvnf; u|eaf wmfuawmh vufxrJ mS udik x f m;aom ajrpdkifcJawGeJ@ tarhudk,fay: rzdk@&ufyg? vlwpfa,mufu cyfvSrf;vSrf;u ZD;udkif;cuf uav;wpfcufukd csKd ;um tarhacgi;f &if; ajryHu k dk &ku d o f nf? "a&mh...tar tdru f dk jyefvu kd cf yhJ gv@kd ajym...&ufvnfwhJ naeusawmh jyefy@kd " ZD;&dik ;f cufuav;rSm tarh0n d mOf wG,u f yfaeowJ?h onfZ;D &dik ;f cufuav;eJ@twl &ufvnfonftxd tar tdrrf mS yJ &Sad evdrrhf ,fw?hJ tckxd tar[m olŒudo k l aorSe;f rodb;l vd@k vnf; qdo k nf? ckepf&ufvnfawmhrS tdrfudk aemufjyefqif;&wmwJh? odyf oem;zkd@aumif;wmyJwJh? ZD;&dkif;cufuav;em;rSm tar=uKd uw f hJ Ek@d rygwhJ aumfz=D urf;/ pyspo f ;D / xrif;[if; pwmawG ae@pOf xm;&owJ?h oydwfoGyfwJhae@rSm ZD;udkif;cufuav;em;oGm;+yD; "tar w&m;em&atmif ºuGyg"vdk@ ac:&owJh? vlawGu wpfa,mufwpfrsdK; u|efawmfhudk ajymae=uonf? u|efawmfu ZD;&dik ;f cufuav;rSm tarh 0dnmOfy;l uyfygvmonfqw kd mudyk J tH=h oaerdavonf? (5) "................. uav;b0t&G,f i,fi,fwek ;f uav awm&dyaf wmif=um; 118

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rm;rm;&yfae/ wap>awGvm; tara&.... wap>qkd u|eaf wmf a=umufvcS snhf" (ydik pf ;kd a0) ZD;&dik ;f cufuav; jyefy@kd onfah e@u rk;d }u;D csKy+f y?D &k;d jzwfawmuav;udk jzwfawmhrS ocsõKif;qkdwmudk owd&awmhonf? ocsõKif;ESifh rvSrf;rurf;rSm pdkufcif;awG&Sdonf? a&avmif ; aygif ; oif o l a wG &S d o nf ? 'gayr,f h . ..ocsõ K if ; [k owf r S w f x m;aom uGi;f xJrmS awmh u|eaf wmfwpfa,mufwnf;yJ &Sad eonf? oGm;aewke;f rSmyif a=umufpw d af wG wzsyzf sy&f adS ecJah omfvnf; tarhajryHek m;udk a&mufawmh 0rf;enf;a=uuGo J nfh cHpm;r_om &Sad wmhonf? ZD;&dik ;f cufuav;ukd tarhacgi;f &if; ajr=u;D rSm xd;k pdu k v f u kd &f if; xkid u f efawmh vdu k o f nf? u|eaf wmfjyefvmawmh tarvdu k yf @kd rSe;f u|eaf wmf odygonf? u|eaf wmfah b;u/ a&SŒu/ wpfcgwpfcg aemufem;u wpfcgwpfcgawmhvnf; cyfvSrf;vSrf; ocsõKif;0txd u|efawmfhukd vdkufydk@rSef; u|efawmfodygonf? u|efawmfuawmh &kd;jzwfacsmif;udk w&S&J w JS ;kd jzwf&if; tdy&f m0if wap>yjHk yifawG pDumpOfum ajymwwfaom tarhtoHawGukd atmufarhaerdavonf? jzpfeidk v f sS if tarhu, dk cf E<mwpfcv k ;kH u jympawGukd r[m[dr0EWm awmifwef;rsm;ay:od@k vnf;aumif;/ **Fg/ ,rkeH m/ tpd&0wD/ r[D/ o&bl jrpf=u;D ig;oG,f ay:odk@vnf;aumif; u|efawmf =uJcsylaZmfcsifygonf? jzpfEkdifao;vSsif tarcspfaom rkef;acsmif; a&jyifay:odk@vnf;aumif;/ awmifpG,fedrfhjrifhawG pDum&Dum &Sdwwffaom a&$nKd a&mifjrufcif;awG wvsm;vsm; &Sw d wfaom a&eHopH if=u;D awG xd;k xd;k axmifaxmif &Sdwwfaom qm&D,,fvpfZif a&eHajruGif;jyifrsm;ay:odk@vnf;aumif; }uJcs ylaZmf csiyf gonf? 'gayr,fh taronf olEiS hf twefi,fprd ;f aom +rKd Œ jy. qifajczHk;/ "vkyw f idk ;f " uav;rSm vdt k yfpmG &Sad e&awmhonf? arSmif=u;D xJrmS ocsKõ i;f onf +ird o f ufv@kd ? &d;k jywfawm avwd;k oH w&S&J jJS rnfv@kd ? tar...ae&pfcJhygawmh? (6) "ppfpeufrD;t=uGif;tusefawGeJ@ acwftysu=f uD;ukd wGe;f vSe&f if; tar&,f²² wjcm;tarawG&,f tarawG tm;vH;k ...." bk&m;ocifonf urBmavmuxJrmS olŒuk, d pf m; tarrsm;ukd xm;&pfco hJ wJ?h taruawmh olyikd q f ikd o f rSs/ olw, G if iforSs t&m&mukd odr;f E_wx f m;&pfum urBmavmu xJu xGucf mG oGm;+y?D tarr&Sad wmh wpfcck v k pf[maeovdk cHpm;ae&onf? vlrsKd ;bmom tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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ae&ma'ouGjJ ym;apumrl/ tar&oonf xm0&csKd +red af evdrrhf nfjzpf.? tJonf cHpm;r_ uav;ukyd J q&mydik pf ;kd a0u.... "aEGOD;&ufawGta=umif; oDcsif;rqdkEkdifwJh O=oiSuw f pfaumif&ŒJ a=uuGrJ v _ k"d [k cHpH m;a&;zGŒJ onf? rnfodk@yifqkdap tarr&Sdawmhaomfvnf; u|efawmf 0rf;renf;jzpfawmhyg? urBmavmuxJrmS taraygi;f rsm;pGm wnf&adS eOD;rnfomjzpfonf? tarr&Sad wmhaomfvnf; tarhu, kd pf m; tarhu, kd yf mG ; tarawG &Sad eOD;rnf? tarawGuyJ ol&aJ umif;awGukd arG;zGm;vdrOhf ;D rnf? tarawGuyJ.... "tara&... tara&... a=u;pnfukd &du k Ef u S =f uaygh vSn;f bD;udk olw@dk wGe;f =uaygh? [dt k aemufawmifawmwef;u xef;yifawG&ŒJ xdyzf sm;rSm... aevH;k wjznf;jznf; ndKcJah ygh"

ae0if;jrifh pmukd;/ uAsmudk; (1) ydkifpdk;a0/ odef;pGefiSuftjyefvrf; (2) armif'D/ c&D;onftar (q&mae0if;jrifh. tdkif'D,mtufaq;rsm; pmtkyfrS)

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acwfjydKif 0wˆKwdk

a&a0; wap> OD;bkef;("mwk) "tD;...[D;...[D;...[D..." =o*kwv f . aemufq;kH ywf? a&a0;okomef Z&yf}uD;. rsufESm=uuftay:rSae+yD; usKyfpOf;pm;aerdonf? [kd[kd'D'D pOf;pm;vdk@aumif;aewkef; atmufudkikH@=unhfvkdufawmhvlwpfpk&JŒ idka=uG;oH ud=k um;vku d &f onf? bke;f awmf}u;D awGu "o&%*Hk" wifay;ae=uonf? ido k al wGu id?k ¶d_ufolawGu ¶d_uf? usKyftzkd@awmh 'grsdK;awGu¶kd;aeyg+yD? aowJhudpPyJAsm? bmrsm; qef;wmrSwv f @dk ? "arG;" onf? +yD;wmh "&Sio f ef" onf? aemufq;kH awmh "ao" =uav.? 'g[m trSew f &m;yJ? b,forl aS &Smifvv J$ @k rd &Ekid b f ;l ? "arG;zGm;jcif;" eJ@ "aoqHk;jcif;" [m "obm0ed,mr" yJ? 'gayrJh "arG;zGm;jcif;" eJ@ "aoqHk;jcif;" t=um;rSm&Sw d hJ "&Sio f efjcif;" qdw k muawmh obm0r[kwb f ;l As? "&Sifoefjcif;" qdkvdk@ ajym&OD;r,f? "&Sifoefjcif;" ESpfrsdK;&Sdw,fvkd@ xifwmyJ? opfyifawG&JŒ &Sifoefjcif;rsdK;udk jrifzl;=urSmyg? opfyifawGrSm &Sifoefjcif;&Sdonf? }u;D xGm;jcif;&So d nf? zG@H +zKd ;jcif; &So d nf? 'gayrJh opfyifawGrmS b0t"dyg` ,rf &S=d u? cHpm;csuf r&S=d u? cH,cl suf r&S=d u? Ekid if aH &;tjrifawGvnf; r&S=d u? pmay/ *Dw/ tEkynm qkw d mawG uawmh ewˆ?d a[m...vlawGudk =unfv h u dk pf rf;yg? vlawGrmS awmh "&Sio f efjcif;"/ "}u;D xGm;jcif;"/ "zHG@+zdK;jcif;" tjyif "arSsmv f ihjf cif;"qkd wm&S. d ? "cHpm;csuf" &Sd.? "*Dw" &Sd.? "yef;csD" qdw k m&S. d ?"tEkynm" qdw k mvnf;&S. d ? aemufq;kH Asm... "b0" qkw d m vnf; &S=d uav.? tJ'D "b0"qdkwm}uD;udk usKyfu pOf;pm;aewm? 'DZ&yfudk a&mufvm=uwJh "tok b aumif " awG ? tJ ' D "tok b aumif " awG & J Œ eH a b;rS m "tok b "ud k tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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vku d yf @kd =uwJo h al wG? olw@dk [m rv_yrf ,Sujf zpfaewJh "tokbaumif}u;D " udk=unhf+yD; b,fvdkcHpm;ae =ur,fawmh usKyfrodEkdifbl;? usKyfodcsifwm tJ'D "tokbaumif" vljzpfcphJ Ofwek ;f u ol@&JŒb0tjrif/ b0'\e/ b0t "dyg`f ,ef @J ol@&JŒvky&f yfuykd ?J usKyu f tJ'gawGudk t+rw J rf; pl;prf;onf? rSww f rf;wifwwfonf? avhvmonf? tJ'D "tokb aumif"&JŒab;em;rSm ol@&JŒ "0dnmOf" u rtlrvnfeJ@ rwfwwf &yf+yD; [dk[dk'D'D =unhaf ewwfao;onf? tJ'v D dk "tlww l t l ww" "0dnmOf" topfpufpufav;awGudk usKyu f rdwzf @JG +y;D tm;ay;pum; ajym&onf? pum;ajym=unho f nf? "[dwfaumif...0dnmOftopfpufpuf? ightem;ukdvmae? rif;u vlr[kwf awmhb;l ? b0jcm;oGm;+y"D usKypf um;ukd tJ'0D n d mOfu em;vnf.? =um;.? usKyt f em;od@k a&mufvm.? "rif;u b,fow l ek ;f " olu usKyu f rdk odb;l wJAh sm? tif;aygah v? b,fo&d mS ygrh vJ? tckraS &mufvmwJh 0dnmOfvwfvwfqwfqwfuav;ud;k ? 'Dawmh usKyu f p+y;D rdwq f uf&awmhwmayg?h "igu 'D a&a0;okomef Z&yf}uD;&JŒ rsufESm=uuftay:rSm aexkdifcGifh&wJh wap>wpfaumif? 'DrsufESm=uuftay:rSm aecGifh &zkd@u rvG,fbl;? ighvkd wap>b0rSm t=um}u;D aecGi&hf rS 'Dae&m udyk idk q f idk cf iG &hf w dS m" "rif;u t}u;D qH;k wap>vm;" "at;...[kww f ,f? }uHawmokomef uae+y;D 'Duakd jymif; vmwm? igx h uf}u;D wJh aumifr&Sb d ;l " "'gq&kd if rif;u wap>csKyfrLS ;}uD; aygh" "jzpfEkdifygw,f? 'gayrJh ighukd b,fvkdyJac:ac:&w,f? igu tJ'Dvkd pum;vHk; awGtay:rSm om,m+y;D b0ysuw f wfwhJ taumifawmhr[kwb f ;l ? rif;}uKd uo f vdak c:? iguawmh wap> awGxu J wap>wpfaumifyJ" "'gq&dk if rif;u wap>b0udak &mufwm =um+yaD yg"h "25 ESpaf vmufawmh &S+d y"D "25 ESpaf vmuf&+dS yq D +kd y;D rif;u tpG,f vnf;rayguf ygvm;? igw@dk vl@jynfrmS qd&k if tJ'aD vmuf=um=um}u;D tr_xrf; oufr&Sb d eJ @J awmif tpG,f ayguaf ewJah umifawGu trsm; }u;D yJ" "igvnf; vl@b0rSm aecJph Ofwek ;f u tJ'v D kd tpG,f ayguf wJv h al wG awG@cJzh ;l w,f? ae&mwpfcu k kd &vku d w f meJ@ wjznf;jznf;csi;f tpG,f awGu xGuv f mawmhwmyJ" "xm;ygawmhumG ? 'gq&kd if rif;u 'Dvakd &mufvm=uwJh tokbaumif awG&ŒJ ta=umif;ukd aumif;aumif;}u;D odrmS aygah emf" 122

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"odwefoavmufawmh odygw,f" 0dnmOftopfpufpufuav;ESihf wap>wpfaumif "a&a0; okomef" . tokbvmydk@=uaom vlawG pka0;&m Z&yf. rsufESm=uuftay: Y pum;aumif;ae =uavawmhonf? "a[haumif 0dnmOftopf" "bmvJ wap>aumif" "rif;&JŒ toufrahJ ewJh cE<mud, k }f u;D ukd r=umcif rD;¶dŒ_ =u vdrrfh ,f" "tJ'g bmjzpfowke;f " "vlqdkwm ajr}uD;xJu jzpfvmwJh tpm;tpmawGukdpm; w,f? +yD;awmh ajr}u;D xJuykd J jyefomG ;=u&&Smw,f? avxJrmS &Sw d hJ atmufq*D siu f kd ¶SLw,f? avxJuydk J rD;cdk;awG/ umAGef'kdif atmufqkd'fawGtjzpf jyef+yD;xGufoGm;=u&w,f? 'gygyJuGmvdk@ ypfpvufcwf rawG;apcsib f ;l " "bmvd@k vJ" "igajymjyr,f? 'Duv dk mwJh tokbaumif awGrmS t"dyg` ,f awG ud, k pf u D , kd pf D &Sw d ,f? =uiG ;f usecf w hJ hJ orkid ;f awG&w dS ,f" "b,fvt kd "dyg` ,af wGvJ" "wcsdKŒtokbu vlawGpnfum;vkdufwm? 'DZ&yf}uD;xJrSm awmif xkdifp&m ae&mr&Sdbl;? wcsdKŒtokbusjyefawmhvnf; vkdufydk@wJholu enf;enf;/ idkwJholuvnf; wpfa,mufEpS f a,muf? tJ'g b0&JŒt"dyg` ,w f pfcyk J" "[kw&f ŒJ vm;uG" "igrSwfrdao;w,f? igwkd@EkdifiH&JŒ wpfcsdefwkef;u t}uD;qHk; qdkwJh vl}uD;? 26 ESpaf vmuf tkycf sKyo f mG ;wJv h }l u;D ? 'DZifbmv rSm aoa&m? aoawmh 'Dudk a&mufvm awmhw,f? igajymcsifwm...'Dae&m[m qif;&Joljzpfap/ csrf;omoljzpfap/ olawmif; pm;yJjzpfap/ &Sib f &k ifyjJ zpfap/ rJay;cGi&hf wJh jynfoyl jJ zpfap/ qENreJ @J wufvmwJh jynfo@l udk,fpm;vS,fawmf}uD;yJjzpfap...ukefukefajymr,f? v$wfawmftrwf}uD;yJjzpfap/ orRwrif;}u;D yJ jzpfap aemufq;kH a&mufvm=u&r,hf qHrk w S yf J" "[kww f ,faemf" "'gah =umihf 'Dae&mukd tJ'v D }l u;D a&mufvmw,f? ol@ukd vku d yf @kd wJh armfawmfum; wef;u enf;enf;av;&,f? vku d yf @dk wJh oluvnf; r&So d avmufygy?J 'Davmuf wkid ;f jynfrmS xif&mS ; cJw h yhJ *k Kd~ v?f olaoawmh ol@aus;Zl;a=umifh }u;D yGm;aewJo h al wG b,fa&mufuek =f u ovJ? vku d af wmifrS ryd@k =ubl;? idak =u;G ol/ 0rf;enf;olqw kd m igjzihf rawG@rdaygif" "a=omf...igod+yD? igvl@jynfrSm &Sdwkef;u tJ'Dvl}uD;aowJh ema&;a=umfjimudk tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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owif;pmxJrmS rxifr&Sm; igzwfvu dk &f w,f" "tJ'v D zdk wfvu dk &f awmh rif;0rf;enf;rdovm;? aysm&f i$ rf o d vm;? trSet f wkid ;f ajzuGm" "ajzygrh ,f? igaysmw f ,f? igt h azeJ@tarvnf; aysmw f ,f? igo h il ,fcsi;f awGvnf; aysmfw,f? igwkd@&JŒ tem*wfawGudk rD;¶d_ŒzsufqD;oGm;wJh vl}uD;wpfa,mufawmh r&Sad wmhb;l qd+k y;D igw@dk aysmcf =hJ uw,f" "iguawmh wap>b0uae+y;D raysmb f ;l " "txl;tqef;ygvm;? bma=umifv h "J "rif;yJ pOf;pm;=unhf? tJ'Dvl}uD;qDrSm igwkd@twGuf oifcef;pmawG&Sdw,f? oHa0*awG&Sdw,f? aemifwawG&Sdw,f? teufa&miforkdif;awG &Sdw,f? tJ'Dvl}uD;[m aemufxyfjzpfvmr,hf rsKd ;qufopfacgi;f aqmifawGtwGuf jyÏmef;pmtky}f u;D yJ? oif¶;dk }u;D yJ? ol@orkid ;f vdjk zpfcsi&f if olvyk o f vdv k yk ?f ol@orkid ;f vdk rjzpfcsi&f ifawmh ol@vdrk vky=f ueJ@ayg?h oifcef;pm,lapcsiw f m? r,l=uygb;l " "at;...[kww f ,faemf" 0d n mOf t opf p uf u av;u wap> w pf a umif . "vuf c sm" ¶k d u f j cif ; ud k cHae&avawmhonf? "'Dr,f wap>aumif" "bmvJ" "igu h kd rif;rSwrf w d hJ tokbawGta=umif; ajymjyprf;yg? r=umcifrmS igu h kd "trSs" ay;a0=uawmhrmS ? "om"k"vk@d ac:vku d f rdwmeJ@ 'Db0uae+y;D u|wv f w G o f mG ;awmhrmS ? ig 'Db0ukd a&mufwek ;f a&mufcu kd f A[kow k awG ,lomG ;csiv f @dk yg" "igrw S rf w d hJ tokbawG trsm;}u;D xJu wpfcak vmufajymjyr,f" "uJ...jrefjrefajymuGm tcsed rf &Sb d ;l ? [drk mS a&pufcs awmhrmS " "tJ'D tokb u pma&;q&m/ uAsmq&mwpfa,muf? ol@0wˆKawGudkawmh igrzwfz;l cJyh gb;l ? igao+y;D rS olu pma&;q&m/ uAsmq&mjzpfwm" "ajymprf;ygO;D wap>aumif&ŒJ " "ol@tokbu tawmf}uD;pnfum;wm? tJ'DtokbyGJrSm &Gwfvkduf=uwJh uAsmawG trsm;}u;D yJ? tJ'x D u J uAsmwpfy'k f igoyd }f uKd uw f ,f? "udrk if;udEk idk "f &Gww f u hJ Asm? olu, kd w f idk af &; xm;wJu h Asm" "&Gwjf yawmhumG ? tcsed rf &Sb d ;l " "uJ...em;axmif? igrw S rf o d avmufayg?h acgi;f pOfu =u,fa=uGowd@k om; wJh" "oli,fcsi;f ²²²² 124

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rif;[m ,H=k unf&mukd &ifaoG;vdv k nf; arG;cJw h ,f?" "oli,fcsif;²²²² rif;[m '%f&mawGudk qDr;D vdv k nf; xGe;f cJw h ,f?" "oli,fcsif;²²²² rif;[m ud, k t fh a&jym;udk ud, k v f m$ ud, k t fh ¶k;d ukd tyfvadk oG; uk, d 0fh wfpu kH dk ud, k cf sKyfv@kd ususee vSc+hJ yD;+yDy?J " "oGm;ESihf oli,fcsi;f ²²²² =u,ftpif;pif; a=uGwhJ a[m'DurBmajr&JŒ '%f&mawGudk vufz0g;awGe@J umuG,zf @kd igwk@d ae&pfcOhJ ;D r,f?" "oGm;ESifh oli,fcsi;f ²²²² urBmajr&JŒ a=uuGjJ cm;"mwfjym;xJ rif;&JŒuAsmawG rmwdumpDz@dk igwd@k ae&pfcOhJ ;D r,f?" "oGm;ESihf oli,fcsi;f ²²²² ausmif;eH&w H pf0u dk f a'gif;tvH jyefpu dk w f w hJ pfae@ igwdk@²²²²?" "aumif;vku d w f hJ uAsmav;ygvm; wap>aumif&,f" "igu ausmif;eH&w H pf0u dk /f a'gif;tvHjyefpu dk f qdw k hJ pum;udk ody}f uKd uw f m? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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aemufxyf ig}uKd uw f hJ uAsmq&mwpf a,muf &Sad o;w,f" "b,forl sm;vJ" "=unfarmifoef;" "ig=um;zl;w,f" "ol@&JŒ 'Dy&*F qdw k u hJ Asm? vl@jynfrmS tvGef emrnf}u;D wmyJq?kd rif;&&if igu h kd &Gwjf yygv h m;" "tptqH;k awmh r&bl; wap>aumif&ŒJ " "rSwrf o d avmufawmh &Gwjf y" "uJ...em;axmif" "'Dvekd @J ²²²²'D+rdKŒrmS ol&aJ umif;awG aysmufq;kH cJ&h w,f?" "'D+rdKŒrmS ²²²² opPmazmufawG tawmifaygufc=hJ uw,f?" "'D+rdKŒrmS ²²²² vli,fav;wpfa,muf ol@qidk u f ,f usaysmufc&hJ w,f?" "'D+rdKŒrmS ²²²² trsKd ;orD;wpfa,muf aouHra&muf oufraysmuf jzpfc&hJ w,f?" "'D+rdKŒrmS ²²²² tH}udw&f awmufacguf&wJh tjzpftysuaf wG &Scd w hJ ,f²²²²" "ig...'DavmufyJ rSwrf ad wmhw,f" "aumif;vdkufwJhtawG;? uAsmqdkwm tawG;ygwJh yef;csD um;wpfcsyfygyJ? t&om&Sv d u dk w f m? igu uAsmq&mawGukd odycf spw f m? pma&;q&mawGq&dk if odyaf v; pm;wm" wap>wpfaumifESihf 0dnmOftopfpufpufuav;wkd@ a&a0;okomef Z&yf. rsuEf mS =uuftay: Y pmta=umif; ayta=umif; aqG;aEG;ae=uuke. f ? 126

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"igu wap?qkad yr,hf ESv;kH om;pdw"f mwf&+dS y;D El;nhw H w hJ ap> wpfaumifyg" "!$e;f vScsnv f m; wap>&ŒJ " "q&mvlxpk ed 0f if; qH;k wke;f u igi@dk cJ&h w,f? ola&;wJh pmawGudk igu ody}f uKd uf cJ&h wm" "wap>u rsu&f nfus&w,fv@dk uGm? [m;...[m;...[m;...[m;..." "+yD;awmh *Eˆ0iftqdkawmf}uD; wGHaw;odef;wef qHk;wkef;ursm; pnfvkdufwJh tokb? ikv d u dk =f uwJv h al wG? igawmifrS ol@oD csi;f oHawG=um;rSm idck rhJ w d ,f" "awmfawmftonf;EkwhJ wap>aumifygvm;? [J...[J...[J..." "tonf;Ekwmr[kwfbl;? cHpm;wwfwm? wefzkd;xm;wwfwm? ESajrmoifhwJh vlawGukd ESajrmwJph w d af =umihf uswrhJ su&f nfu?G igoyd }f uKd uw f hJ tqkad wmf}u;D xl;tdro f if 'Duadk &mufvmwke;f u igrh mS wpfvavmufawmif tdyrf aysmcf b hJ ;l ? ESajrmvGe;f vd@k idv k u dk &f wmav? +yD;awmh tqkdawmf}uD; cifarmifwdk;? pifumylrSm qHk;oGm;w,f=um;wkef;u igu, kd w f ikd f pifumyltxd vku d +f y;D tokb¶_cahJ o;w,f" "awmfawmfacwfrDwJh wap>aumifygvm;? puFmylxdawmif ta&mufoGm;& w,fv@kd ? =um;...=um;zl;aygif" "ajym&OD;r,f? qGr;f tkyef eD D tar&Guv f @dk / reufjzefreuf ausmif;wufr,f qd+k y;D i,fi,fav;uwnf;u igw@dk &Gwq f ckd hJ zl;wJu h Asm? q&m}uD;rif;ok0%f a&;om;cJw h m? tJ'D q&m}uD; rif;ok0%f uvnf; 'Dae&mudk 2004ckEpS w f ek ;f u a&mufvmcJw h ,f? tJ'w D ek ;f uvnf; igrh mS 0rf;enf;vku d &f wm" "wap>iw kd ,fqw kd m tckryS J =um;zl;awmhw,f? tif;aygah v? wefz;dk &Sw d v hJ al wG ao&ifawmh vlawGwifrubl;? wap>awGawmif idw k wf=uygvm;" "jyuQ'defrSm =o*kwv f [m ol&aJ umif;awG ewfjynfukd oGm;wJh v vd@k igu wifpm;csiw f ,f" "bma=umihv f J wap>aumif&ŒJ " "rif;yJ pOf;pm;=unhf? 'Dvu =o*kwfv/ pma&;q&m armif0HoqHk;w,f? q&marmif0o H &JŒ tokb? pnfum;vku d w f m? }uw d }f uw d w f ;dk yJ? igawmifrS aep&mr&Sv d @dk eH&aH b;rSmuyfae&w,f? igph w d x f rJ mS q&marmif0o H uG,v f eG o f mG ;&jcif;[m 'Dru kd a&pDqw kd hJ avSawmf}u;D &JŒ yJu h ikd &f iS w f pfa,muf qH;k ¶H;_ oGm;o vdrk sKd ; cHpm;&w,f? +y;D awmh q&mrif;vl qHk;jyefw,f? [dkwpf ae@uyJ...atmifyef;rSm q&m'*kefwm&m uG,fvGefjyefw,fvdk@ =um;&w,f" "at;? [kwo f m;yJ...wap>aumif&ŒJ ? igvnf; =o*kwv f rSmao&wmqdak wmh *k%f&Sdovdkvdkawmif jzpfvmw,f? 'geJ@ aeygOD;? wm&mrif;a0 uvnf; =o*kwfv tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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128

rSmqH;k wmaemf" "[kww f ,f? 0dnmOfaumif&ŒJ " "rif;eJ@ig pum;awGom ajymae&wm wap>aumif&ŒJ ? igh ta=umif;awGuv kd nf; rif;udak jymjy&OD;r,f" "ajymjyraeeJ@? rif;tokbud=k unh+f y;D igu od+y;D om;" "b,fvd.k .." "rif ; tok b rS m vmwJ h v l a wG u vnf ; enf ; enf ; av;? ud k , h f r d o m;pk e J @ oli,fcsi;f wcsKd ŒyJvmw,f? 'gq&dk if rif;[mvl@ jynfrmS omrefvw l pfa,mufyjJ zpf&r,f? }u;D us,jf rihjf rwfoal wG aoqH;k &if }u;D us,jf rihjf rwfoal wGu vku d v f yH @kd aqmif=uw,f? idak ºu;G =uw,f? trSstwef; ay;a0=uw,f? tJ'gu=kd unhf +y;D aoqH;k ol&ŒJ orkid ;f udo k Ed idk w f ,f? tJ'v D kd r[kwb f J aoqH;k ol &JŒ tokb[m idak ºuG;olenf;enf;/ yd@k aqmifol usK;d wd;k usw J q J kd &if²²²aocsm+yD? tJ'D tokbaumif [m vljzpfwkef; t"dy`g,frJhwJhol? trsm;tusdK; raqmif&u G w f o hJ ?l vlawGe@J uif;uGmaewJo h ?l vl@b0udak &muf+y;D vl@tjzpfudk ra&mufchJ wJo h ?l tJ'g aoqH;k ol&ŒJ orkid ;f udak jc&mcH=unhjf cif;yJ? rif;[m omrefvyl J jzpf&r,f" "rif;awmfawmftawG;xl;qef;wJh wap>y?J rif;ajymwm rSew f ,f? rif;ta=umif; udv k nf; igu h kd ajymOD;av" "[kwfom;yJ? igu vl@jynfrSmom aecGifh&cJhr,fqdk&if tck ightoufu 45 ESpaf vmuf &Sad &mayg?h igt h ouf 20 rSm ig aoqH;k cJ&h w,f" "b,frmS aoqH;k cJ&h wmwke;f " "&efukef+rdKŒawmfcef;r}uD;&JŒa&SŒ? ql;avbk&m;&JŒab;? aywpf&mvrf;ray:rSm aoqH;k cJ&h wm" "um;wku d v f @kd vm;" "r[kwb f ;l / aoewf'%f&meJ@ aoqH;k cJ&h wm" "b,fvk.d .." "[kww f ,f? igaoqH;k cJw h m 25 ESp&f +dS y?D igvnf; 'Dvkd =o*kwv f rSm aoqH;k cJ&h wmyJ? tJ't D csed w f ek ;f u ig[m&efuek f wuUov kd af usmif;om;" "[kwv f m;..." "igaoqH;k oGm;awmh igu h dk }uaH wmokomef rSm jrKS yEf cHS =hJ uw,f? }uaH wmokomef qkw d m Adv k af tmifausmf wk@d / a&$widk ! f eG @f wk@d / *sme,fausmOf ;D cspaf rmif wd@k ...tp&Sw d hJ ol&J aumif;awG tdypf uf&mae&m? tJ'v D kd orkid ;f xkxnf}u;D rm;wJh }uaH wmokomef }u;D ukv d nf; orkdif;udk rcspfwwfwJholawGu zsufqD;ypfcJh=uw,f? orkdif;wefzkd;udk rodwJholawG acgi;f aqmif jzpfjcif;[m tem*wfysupf ;D jcif;yJ? 'Dvekd @J ig...a&a0; udk a&mufvmcJw h m" 128

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"rif;ukd trSstwef; awG bmawG rif;tdru f ra0bl;vm;" "a0=uwmayg?h 'DZ&yfxu J kd a&mufvm=uwJh tokbwkid ;f uvnf; trSstwef; a0=uw,f? om"k ac:=uwJo h al wG tm;vH;k u|wv f w G o f mG ;wwf=uw,f" "rif;u om"k rac:bl;vm;" 0dnmOftopfpufpuf. tar;ukd wap>aumifu csucf si;f jyefrajzyg? "a[h...wap>aumif? rif;udk =unh&f wm wap>b0rSm aysmaf eyH&k w,f? r=umcif igu h kd trSs ay;=uawmhr,f? ige@J twlwl om"k vku d +f y;D ac:ygv h m;? rif;udk ig jrifjrifcsi;f cifrif rdomG ;vk@d yg" "om"k rac:yg&apeJ@...0dnmOfaumif&,f" "bmha=umifv h J" "igh t"dÏmefe@J ig..." "bmrsm;vJ? ajymjyvd@k &&if ajymjyygvm;" "igu 'Dru dk a&pDe@J vl@tcGit hf a&;wku d yf rJG mS usq;kH cJ&h wJh cGyaf 'gif; pdw"f mwf&w dS hJ ausmif;om;? 'Dawmh 'Dru kd a&pD r&rcsi;f om"k rac:bl;vd@k t"dÏmefxm;w,f" xkt d csed w f iG f "o&%*Hk" wifae=uaom bke;f awmf}u;D rsm;u a&pufcsw&m; +y;D cge;D av+y?D a=u;pnfw;D rnho f al wGuvnf; tqifoihjf zpfae=u+y?D "a[h... wap>aumif igomG ;&awmhr,f? [drk mS trSs ay;=uawmhrmS ? igajymcJh csiw f ,f? 'Dru kd a&pD&rS om"k ac: r,fq&kd ifawmh...? vlxu k vnf; rsupf yd w d ef m;ydwef @J todO%fenf;...?'Dawmh aumvm[veJ@ yÉdyuQawGu tvG,w f uljzpfay:? 'D=um;xJ pnf;urf;uvnf;r&S?d tkycf sKyaf &;ydik ;f uvnf; tusiafh [mif;/ tusiq fh ;dk awGudk zufw, G f xm;=u? jyKjyifz@dk pdwu f ;l r&S=d u? twWorm;trsm;pkuvnf; Ekid if aH &; avmuxJu0dk if? ppfwu dk w f wf¶ekH @J wkid ;f jynfudk tkycf sKyEf idk +f yD qk+d y;D aoG;}u;D aewJo h al wGuvnf; &Sad o;? 'DyHkpHe@Jqdk 'Drkdua&pD uawmh ta0;}uD;yJ wap>aumifa&? aemufxyf ESpf 50avmuf apmifhvkdufOD;...?

OD;bkef; ("gwk) (2013/ 'DZifbm/ &eH@opf)

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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130

bmomjyef 0wˆKwdk olESifh tjcm;aomol jroef;wifh

o=um;xkyaf om puULuawmh wckukd udik I f opfo;D qdik x f rJ S olxu G v f mcJo h nf? c%=umv#if olonf [if;oD;[if;&Guaf ps;xJwiG f wa&G@a&G@ wd;k a0S@ v_y&f mS ;aeaom vlp;D a=umif;}uD;xJwGif aysmufuG,foGm;.? eD&Jaom jyHK;pp rsufESmESifh jrifhrm;aom t&yf tarmif;onf vl=um;xJwiG f xif;xif;}u;D ay:ae.? tjcm;aomol vlwa,mufonf w,fvzD ek ;f &H;k xJrS ol@udk vSr;f jrifvu kd o f nft h cgwiG f "uJ b,fajy;vd@k vGwrf mS vJumG " [k wa,mufwnf; }uKH ;0g;aeonf? tjcm;aom olonf ol@aemufokd@ vdkufvmcjh&m vlol&Sif;onfh ae&modk@ a&mufvmcJhonf? c%=umv#if yef;jcHwckxJodk@ a&mufoGm;onf? tcsdef ra&mufrD r,Ho k uFmjzpf roGm;zd@k ta&;}u;D onf? olonf rsuv f ;kH rsm;udk a0h0I J uGuv f yf}u;D udk =unfhvdkufjyD; wzufrsufESmcsif;qdkifwGif &Sdonfh rkef@qdkifqDodk@ vmcJhonf? tjcm;ol wa,mufrmS uGuv f yf. vuf0b J ufrS auG@ywfjy;D rke@f qdik q f o D @kd oGm;aeonf? olrek @f qdik x f J 0ifomG ;onft h cgY tjcm;aomolonf "gww f ikd f wwdik af tmufwiG f &yfae&pfco hJ nf? aqmif;&moDrSm aexdkifaumif;&Hk at;pdrfhpdrfhav; jzpfaeonf? naecif; aea&mifjcnf azsmah zsmu h av;u jzmusaeonf? aerif;rSm taqmufttHjk rifjh rif=h u;D wck. aemufu, G w f iG f aysmufu, G o f mG ;cJah vjy?D tjcm;aomolonf qdik x f rJ S jyefxu G v f mrnfh oluakd pmifah e.? olrl qdik x f rJ S aps;a&mif;rnfo h l tm;vyfcsed u f kd apmifah e.? ol@rsuv f ;kH rsm;onf ta&S@wdik ;f taemufwikd ;f rke@f rsm;udk qmavmifrw G o f yd pf mG jzifh vSr;f =unfah eonf? tjcm;aom olurl ol@udk pdw&f n S f vuf&n S f apmifah eonf? tjcm;rdef;r wa,mufonfvnf; ol@udk apmifhaeonf? xdkrdef;rrSm &kyf&nf acsmarm vSyjy;D ususee 0wfpm;xm;onf? olronf ol@udk tm;ay;onfh taejzifh wcsuf jyKH ;=unfv h u kd o f nf? olu trsKd ;orD;udk bkrod brodjzifh =unfah eonf? olru tjyKH ; 130

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w0ufjzifh wzufukd rsuEf mS v$o J mG ;.? olonf trsKd ;orD;tem;od@k wd;k vmcJu h m &J&ifph mG yif olrudk wpHkw&m wD;wdk;ajymvdkufonf? olwdk@ESpfOD;onf wD;wdk;ajymae=uonf? tjcm;aomolu olw@kd udk jrifonfh tcgwiG f ol@tzd@k jy\em jzpfjyu D kd aumif;aumif; odvu kd . f ? ol@pDru H ed ;f wGif rar#mv f ifo h nfh pdeaf c:r_ wck ay:vmjy[ D k ,lqvdu k . f ? trsKd ;orD; aps;0,f & rnf h tvS n f h o d k @ a&muf v monf ? xd k @ aemuf ol @ tvS n f h / ol w d k @ ESpaf ,mufonf ysm;&nfxrJ S yvHpk u D av;rsm;vdk &,fp&m pum;vH;k av;rsm;udk zvS,=f u.? xd@k aemuf olronf umba&; uyG&J rkH sm;&So d nfh vrf;zufo@kd xGuo f mG ;onf? olonf trsKd ;orD;udk c%r# ai;=unfh use&f pfcjhJ y;D aemuf puUL uawmhEiS hf txkyu f kd udik u f m jznf;nSi;f pGm xGuv f mcJo h nf? olw@kd ESpaf ,muf tcsed ;f tcsujf yKjcif; jzpf&rnf? rdrd taeESihf tcsdefukef rcHEdkifawmh[k tjcm;aomolu pdwfydkif;jzwfvdkufonf? pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf apmifhcJh&jyD; aoaocsmcsm tuGufcscJhonfh pDrHudef;udk tysufrcHEdkif? r=umcif awG@qH=k uawmhrnf? od@k awG@v#if jy\emu ydI k &_yaf xG;vmawmhrnf? olonf qufav#mufcJhonf? rnfr# vrf;av#muf&onfjzpfap rarmEdkifyg? ol@qENrsm;ESifh avmbrsm;onf b,ftcgusrS enf;yg;av#mhyg;oGm;rnfudk rnfolr# rajymEdik ?f tdrf&Sifr wa,mufozG,f qdkifjywif;aygufrsm;tm;vHk;onf ol@tzdk@pdwf0if pm;p&mawGcsn;f jzpfaeonf? vufywfem&Drsm; rsurf eS rf sm; tdro f ;kH td;k cGuyf efuefrsm; t0wftpm;rsm; tydyk pPn;f rsm; tDvufxa&mepf toH;k taqmif ypPn;f rsm; aq;ypPn;f ESiw hf uG aq;qdik rf sm;rS cif;usi;f jyo xm;onfh ypPn;f rsm;yifv#if ol@tzd@k pdw0f ifpm; p&mawG jzpfaeonf? cywfEiS hf tom;pHk a=umfe@H udk ol tm;&yg;& &_&u d_ v f u kd . f ? pmtkyq f ikd f rsm; a&S@od@k a&mufonfh tcgwiG f pmtkyq f ikd f trnfqikd ;f bkwrf sm;ESihf pmtkyf acgi;f pOfrsm;udk av#mufzwfonf? trsKd ;orD;awG od@k r[kwf aumifrav;awGukd awG@v#if olpu kd =f unfo h nf? ae0if&;kd &D ta&mifonf ndKrK_d i;f rdK_ i;f jzpfvmcJjh y;D avnSi;f u tarmajyaponfh at;jrr_ukd xkwfv$wfay;aeonf? olonft0wftxnf a&mif;onfh qdkifwqdkifxJodk@ 0ifoGm;jyD; Edik v f eG t f w d f wtdwu f kd udik I f jyefxu G v f mcJo h nf? olonf 0,fvmonfh t0wftpm;rsm; ESit hf wl rke@f xkyrf sm;udk Edik v f eG t f w d x f o J @kd xnfo h nf? olonf pmtkyw f tkyv f nf; 0,fchJ ao;.? bmpmtkyrf sm;ygvrd ?hf b,ftcsed rf mS zwfrvd@k rsm; pdwu f ;l ygvrd ?hf tjcm;aom vlonf ol@pdwu f ;l pdwo f ef;rsm;udo k cd siaf eonf? ol@trnf / ol@trSwt f om;/ ol. r_e0f g;aom pdwf rcsr;f omp&m twdwrf v S v GJ #if olEiS hf ywfoufI bmr# a&a&&m&m rod&ao;? olonf zdeyfwdkufonfh qdkifxJodk@0ifoGm;onf? qHkvnfukvm;xdkifay:odk@ wufxikd v f u kd jf y;D vufwiG f udik v f monfh ypPn;f rsm;udk =urd u f v k m;xdik f a[mif;}u;D wvH;k ay:od@k wifvu kd . f ? a&S@wGif &So d nfh rSex f w J iG f ol@rsuEf mS udk olvrS ;f =unfv h u kd jf y;D ol@ud, k o f l tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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132

tm;& auseyfoGm;onf? wcgw&HwGif olonf rSefxJu ol@&kyfyHkudk pl;pdkuf=unfhaejyD; wcgw&HwiG f vnf*w k u f kd b,fnmvSnI hf csKd ;ae.? qdik af &S@wGirf l tjcm;aom olonf ol@udk apmifh=unfhae.? olwdk@ESpfOD;. rsufvHk;tpHkonf rSefay:wGif c%r# oGm;I qHkrd=uonf? TwGif tjcm;aomolonf pdwfysufoGm;um a&S@odk@ wdk;vdkufonf? tjcm;aomolonf ol@jrifuiG ;f xJrS aysmufomG ;.? xd@k aemufwiG rf l olonf zdeyfwu kd o f rm;ESihf csr;f omonfh zdeyfqikd yf ikd &f iS f rde;f r}u;D rS vJI G tjcm; bmudk rS rjrifawmh ? tjcm;aom olurl rSex f w J iG f ol@&kyf oGm;xifonft h wGuf ol&yd rf o d mG ;rnfukd pd;k &dro f mG ;onf? tjcm;aomol. rsuEf mS rSm rSwrf v d , G o f nfh rsuEf mS rdsK; r[kwaf vm tom;ndKnKd rsuv f ;kH awmufawmuf qHyif eufeuf xlxl ? od@k &mwGif olonf ol@tvkyu f o kd m pdw0f ifpm;v#uf &So d jzifh tjcm;aomolukd rjrifvu kd ?f vrf;rD;a&mifrsm; xd;k usvsuf &So d jzifh t&dyrf sm;onf 0d;k wd;k 0g;wm; jzpfae=uonf? ,ck olonf zdeyfwu kd +f y;D ojzifh qdik x f rJ S xGuv f monf? cyfow k o f w k f c&D;oGm;aeolwa,mufEiS hf 0ifwu kd rf . d ? olu vufxw J iG f udik v f monfh ypPn;f rsm;udk rdr&d & qkyu f m aemufqw k af y;vdu k o f nf? "a[; rjrifb;l vm;As" [k olu atmfonf? cyfow k o f w k f oGm;aeolu o=ow hH =ojzifh wH@k ueJ &yfvu dk o f nf? od@k &mwGif bmrSrajym? olaemufw=urd af jymonf? "awmif;yefazmfawmif r&bl;" " 'Dxuf ,Of,Ofaus;aus; rajymEdik b f ;l vm;" " 'Dvq kd kd iguvnf; rawmif;yefb;l uGm" "rif; wd&pd m> ef " cyfokwfokwfvmcJhonfh olu xGDceJ wHawG; wcsufaxG;vdkufonf? olu 0,fvmonfh vufxJu ypPnf;awGudk ajr}uD;ay:odk@ csvdkuf+yD; ckeftkyfonf? odk@jzifh wa,mufwjyef owfyw k =f uonf? rdrd ESihf +yKd ib f ufrmS tm;aumif;onfukd odonft h cgY cyfow k o f w k v f mcJo h u l aemufo@kd qkwu f m "cifAsm;u pvkyv f @kd usKyu f vkyw f m"[k ajymonf? olw@kd tem;od@k vlawG tHv k m=uonf? &Jom;wa,mufa&mufvm.? tjcm;aom olonf xd&k efyu JG kd apmif=h unf&h if; pdwt f aESmuft,Suf jzpfaeonf? &Ju olw@kd ESpaf ,mufukd &Jpcef;od@k vku d +f y;D ajz&Si;f &ef ac:onf? zuf+yKd io f El pS af ,mufw@kd u &Jpcef;wd@k b,fw@kd ponfw@kd udk oGm;raecsi?f xd@k a=umifv h nf; olonf ajr}u;D ay:wGif csxm;onfh txkyu f kd aumufuikd jf y;D xGuv f mcJo h nf? tjcm;aom olonf xdt k cgusrS oufjyif;csum aemufrS aemufa,mifcH vku d v f mcJo h nf? uav;upm;p&m a&mif;onfh qdkifwqdkifa&S@odk@ a&mufonfhtcgY olonf apmapmu pdwt f aESmuft,Suf jzpfc&hJ onfw@kd udk arhaysmufomG ;av+y?D ol@wGif om;i,f 132

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uav;awG &So d avm olonf qdik x f o J @kd 0ifomG ;onf? awmfawmfpw d &f n S o f nfh vlayyJ? jyefxGufvmonfhtcg bmrS ygrvm? r0,fjzpfyJ vSnfhxGufvmcJhoavm? odk@r[kwf upm;p&m t&kyfu }uD;vGef;ojzifh tdrfudk ydk@zdk@ rSmcJhoavm? xdkpOfolonf vufqGJ om;a&tdww f vH;k udk csKd i;f =um;wGif nSyv f monfh oufvwfyikd ;f t&G,f vlwa,mufEiS hf awG@onf? olwdk@ESpfa,mufonf tm;&yg;& vufqGJ Elwfquf=u+yD; tarmwaum ajym=uonf? vufqt JG w d Ef iS hf vlu xGuo f mG ;&if;..... "q,f&ufae@us&if &H;k csed ;f &Sw d ,faemf / rarhe@J " [k ajymonf? atmf...vufpowfawmh olvnf; w&m;qdkifae&wJh vludk; ? b,fawmh avmufrsm; pD&ifcsuf csrvJrodb;l ? aeprf;ygO;D ? 'Dvu l vnf; b,furkd sm; qufomG ;OD; rvJrodb;l ? azsm&f nf uav; wcGuaf vmuf aomufvu kd &f &if taumif;om; ? olvyk v f @kd igvnf; armvSjyD ? olvnf; armygapAsm;? 'kw, d t}urd t f jzpf olw@kd ESpaf ,muf. rsuv f ;kH rsm;onf rSew f ckxw J iG f xyfI qH=k ujyefonf? tjcm;aomol. ESv;kH onf usKH @0ifomG ;.? ol rdru d kd rSwrf o d avm ? tdk rrSwrf yd gb;l ? ol@azsm&f nfukd olaomufaeom;yJ? ol rsuv f ;kH rSmvnf; rsu&f nfawG0v J @kd xif&@J ? =unfo h m=unfah eayrJh bmudrk S jrifykH r&bl;/ azsm&f nfqikd x f rJ S xGu+f y;D aemuf olonf vrf;wzufo@kd ul;oGm;um aqmif;wGi;f twGuf olrSmxm;onfh tusF Dudk a&G;&ef pufqdkifwckxJodk@ 0ifoGm;onf? q,fhig; rdepfavmuf t=umwGif jyefxu G v f mjy;D vGwv f yfa&; uaz;xJo@kd 0ifomG ;onf? uaz;rSm vrf;axmifw h iG f &So d jzifh 0ifaygux f u G af yguf awG wckxufru &So d nf? rdrt d zd@k uaz;qdik x f J vdkufoGm;zdk@om &Sdawmha=umif;udk tjcm;aomolonf rvSrf;rurf;wGif xdkifaeoludk apmifh=unfhae. ? xdkolonf pm;yGJwvHk;wGif xdkifI aumfzDwcGufudk rSmaomufjyD; pmwapmifukd a&;aeonf? tjcm;aomolu cyfvrS ;f vSr;f wGif xdik u f m ol@udk apmif=h unfh onf? olonf pmwdu k av;udk pm;yGx J ;kd udk ay;jy;D aemuf w,fvzD ek ;f qDo@kd xoGm;onf? xdt k csed Yf olonf tjcm;aomolEiS hf awmfawmf eD;eD;wGif &yfaeav+y?D "[,fvdk [mpHvm; ? a'gufwm &Sdovm; ? a'gufwm&Sd&if b,ftcsdefrSm awG@Edik rf vJqw kd m csed ;f ay;prf;yg? apmapmawG@&&if ydak umif;r,f? [kw+f y/D ajcmufem&Daemf/ aus;Zl;yJ?" olpm;yGo J @kd jyefa&mufa&mufcsi;f ol@tem;od@k rdwaf qGwa,muf a&mufvmonf? rdwaf qGonf ol@ab;wGif 0ifxikd &f if; "tokb yd@k jzpfao;vm;"[k ar;onf? "yd@k jzpfw,f? usaemfawmif vrf;}uKH v@kd od&wm?" "uJ ..wpfaygiaf =u; wyJaG vmuf csvu kd &f atmifAsm? Edik Ef ikd f &H;_ &H;_ wyGaJ ygh ?" tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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rdwfaqGu vufywfem&Dudk iHk@=unfh +yD;aemuf upm;&ef oabmwlonf? olw@kd ESpaf ,muf a=uu G pm;ae=uonf? a=uw G csuf ypfvu kd w f ikd ;f olonf wzufom;udk avSmifajymifoa&mfonfh pum; wcGef;p ESpfcGef;p ajymaeonf? olonf pdwf"gwf ppfqifa&;wGif u|r;f usio f jl zpf+y;D Edik rf nf[k ar#mv f ifx h m;.? q,fred pf rjynfrh D olonf xdik &f mrS xum wpfaygiw f ef aiGpuULw7Guu f kd ol@tdwx f o J @kd xd;k xnfah eonf? olonf &,fumarmumjzifh xGuo f mG ;onf? use&f pfou l ..... "cifAsm;u usKyq f u D "g;jywdu k o f mG ;wm? cg;ydu k Ef u _d o f mG ;wm" [kajymaeonf? tjcm;aomolonf ol@pum;udk aumif;aumif; =um;vdu k &f onf? ,ck tcsd e f Y ol o nf ol a eaom taqmuf t tH k o d k @ jyef o G m ;aeonf ? xdt k aqmufttHrk mS +rKd @vnfaumif wGif &S. d ? rdrt d zd@k tcGiahf umif; }uKH av+y?D aoawmh raocsm? ratmifjrifv#iv f nf; ta=umif;r[kw?f aemufwcg pDru H ed ;f wck xyfq&JG akH yg?h pDru H ed ;f wck ratmifjrifwikd ;f aemufprD u H ed ;f topf tzd@k tcuftcJawGEiS hf }uKH & wwfonf? ,ck olonf taqmufttHk }uD;xJodk@ 0ifawmhrnf? tjcm;aomolonf aemufrS cyfoyk o f yk f ajy;vdu k v f mum olEiS hf twl "gwaf vScg;xJo@kd 0ifvu kd cf o hJ nf? ol@udk r=unfb h J tjcm;aomolu &if;ES;D pGmar;onf? "b,f txyfrmS vJ" "tay:qH;k txyfrmS " "usaemfvnf; tJ'h rD mS yJ" "gwaf vScg; rwufcif trsKd ;orD;wa,muf 0ifvmonf? tjcm;aomolonf tdajENysufaeonf? trsdK;orD;u 'kwd,xyfwGif qif;oGm;onfh tcgusrS tjcm;aom olonf wnfjidrfoGm;.? ,ck tcGifha&;&+yD? jzpfEdkifp&mawG trsm;}uD; &Sdonfhwdkif &v'frsm;twGuf olrpdk;&drf tjcm;aomolonf owd}uD;pGm xm;um tdyfuyfxJwGif 0Su, f v l mcJo h nfh "g;ajrmS ifukd xkwv f u kd o f nf? olonf "gwfavScg; tjyifodk@ xGufvkdufonf? tjyifwGif rnfolr# r&Sd? tajcaeonf ol@twGuf zGiv hf pS x f m;cJu h avScg;twdik ;f cyfow k o f w k f qif;vmcJo h nf? olonf pHjy t&ufqikd o f @kd vmcJ+h y;D azsm&f nf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk aomufypfvu kd o f nf? olonf tdyif u kd v f mum tcsed w f w kd kd uav; twGi;f wGif tdrrf uf&n S }f u;D udk rufaeonf? t&ufqikd x f rJ S xGuv f mcJ+h y;D aemuf rsuEf mS csi;f qdik &f dS taqmufttH}k u;D . a&S@rS jzwfvmch&J m a&S@wGif vlwpkEiS hf &Jom;rsm;udk jrif&./ olonf t,fwmbm&yfuu G &f dS ol wnf;cdak eonfh [dw k ,fo@kd jyefvmcJo h nf? olonf [if;ueJ oufjyif;}u;D udk csvu kd +f y;D aemuf ol@tcef;xJo@kd 0ifvmcJo h nf? tdrrf ufuv kd nf; arhomG ;onf? olonf wHcg;ayguq f o D @kd vSr;f =unf+h y;D aemuf rD;zGiv hf u kd . f ? 134

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0if&yfonf? vSn;f oef ESpaf csmif;udk csKd i;f ESpzf uf=um;wGif nSyx f m;vdu k o f nf? vrf;oGm; vrf;vmwd@k teuf rnfou l r# xdk tjzpfysuu f kd vSnrhf =unf=h u? vlpv k al 0; r&S?d vlwikd ;f onf jrif&onfh tvky/f rjrif&onfh tvkyrf sm;jzifh tvky&f y_ v f suf &S=d u.? vrf;oGm;vrf;vm wa,mufurl aw;wyk'u f ykd if qdo k mG ;ao;onf? =umyGwo f H &$r;f ueJay:vmonfEiS hf olonf &xm;udk qGo J nf? olonf usuo f a& &Spd mG / Ek;l nhpH mG / usKd ;EGpH mG oGm;.? olonf vrf;ab; ESpb f ufukd jrifaomfvnf; a&S@wnfw h nfh udak wmh rjrif? od@k jzifh olonf rodEikd af om t&mxJwiG f epfjrKyo f mG ;onf? oGm;onfjzpfap/ ab;od@k auG@onf jzpfap tjcm;aomol. n$e=f um;csurf sm;onf jrif;Zuf=uKd ;rS wqifh ol@xHa&mufvmonf? tjcm;aom olonf ol@udk b,fqD b,fa'ood@k armif;yd@k aeoenf;? ol@udk b,fvkd oabmxm; avoenf;? olrod? *&kvnf;rpdu k ?f olonf wcsurf # &yfem;jcif; r&Sb d J qufomG ;aeonf? olonf &yfem;jcif; r&Sad o;yg? vdu k af rsmygvu kd f vkyaf eonf? wcgw&HwiG f olonf [D ay;um acgi;f udak rmh+y;D aemuf ajcmufaoG@aeaom ol@v#mjzifh Zufudkudkufonf? uwW&m vrf;ray:odk@usaeaom ol@ajcoHrsm;onf pnf;csufrSefrSef ay:aeonf? tqHk;r&Sdaom c&D;wckudk oGm;ae&a=umif; owday; aeonfh +iD;aiG@zG,f aumif;aom e&Dpnf;csuo f H jzpfonf?

jroef;wifh (Edkb,fqk& tD*spftrsdK;om; pma&;q&m

Naguib Manfouz

Man

. The Man And The Other

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(taumufcGefESpfywfvnf r*~Zif;/ 'DZifbm/ 1996)

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jcif;awmif;,ufol tzd;k }u;D u acgi;f udk cg,rf;&if;avonf? aumifav;u "bke;f }u;D ausmif;rSm b,fred ;f uav;rS&rSd mS r[kwb f ;l / axmifvkd yJaygh" ajymvdu k o f nf? usm;}uD;u csufcsif;yif "r[kwfbl;/ axmifvdkr[kwfbl;/ rdef;uav;awG[m ae&mwdik ;f rSm&Sw d ,f/ bke;f }u;D ausmif;xJ r[kwb f ;l / vrf;ay:a&muf&if/ aps;xJa&muf&if/ bk&m;ay:a&muf&if rde;f uav;awGtrsm;}u;D yJ" [k 0ifajymavonf usm;}uD;u ol@vufywfem&Dudk =unhf&if; "nDav; rif;tqifoihfyJvm;/ ig;em&Dx;kd &if cspEf ikd v f mawmhrmS " [k ajymvdu k o f nf? aumifav;onf rwfwyfx&yfvu kd +f y;D ol@vG,t f yd . f ab;tdyx f u J kd E_u d u f m bdeyfux kd w k v f u kd o f nf/ olonf bdeyf atmufcjH ym;yg;oGm;rnfp;kd I bdeyfukd wwfEikd o f r# rpD;ay/ od@k aomfvnf; axmifutxGuw f iG rf l bdeyfp;D vdak yonf? bdeyfrpD;rD usm;}u;D tdyf,matmufwGif xnhfxm;aom npfywfaeaom vHkcsnfESihfapmifwdk@udk qGJxkwf vku d o f nf? vSjrwfu "'gawG&Sdwkef;yJvm;"[kajym&if; wef;pD;usm;}uD;udk tjypfwifaom rsufvHk;jzifh=unhfum "usaemfwdk@ tjyifxGufaewkef;rSm tJ'gawGudk bma=umihf rypf vdu k w f mvJ" [k qdo k nf? aumifav;u usm;}u;D udk =unh&f if; "'gawGukd usaemf wygwnf;,lomG ;csiw f ,f" [k ajymonf? usm;}u;D u "aumifav; bke;f }u;D ausmif;rSm 'DxufopfwhJ apmifawG&v dS rd rhf ,fv@kd igxifw,f" [k ajymvdu k o f nf? "'gayrJh 'gu usaemf[ h mav/ vHck snu f vnf; ausmif;pdr;f vHck sn/f usaemfbek ;f }u;D ausmif;rSm ausmif;wufr,fav/ tJ'ga=umihf ,lomG ;csiw f myg/ [kad &muf&if qyfjymtopfe@J tukev f ;kH udk av#mrf ,f"[k nDav;ajymonf? "nDav; odyf+yD;zufwG,fraeeJ@/ bkef;}uD;ausmif; a&mufwJhtcg rif;[m t0ga&mif/ eDnKd a&mifouFe;f awGukd 0wf&rSm/ 'Dawmh ausmif;pdr;f vHck snf ta[mif; vdrk mS r[kwb f ;l / vSjrwfajymwm rSew f ,f/ tJ'gawG[m teH@aumif;wmr[kwb f ;l " [k usm;}u;D u ajymonf? aumifav;u xyfajymjyefavonf? "tJ'gawGukd usaemfe@J wygwnf; ,lomG ; csifw,f"/ "tJ'gawGukd b,fvv kd yk f o,frmS vJ" [k usm;}u;D uar;onf? w&kwaf pmifEiS fh vHck snx f yk u f yvyfpwpftyd x f uf }u;D aeonht f wGuf rqef@ay? 'Dxufao;atmifxyk Ef ikd yf gu o,fv@kd jzpfEikd af yrnf/ nDav;u "b,fvo kd ,f&rvJv@kd tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(9)

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Web Site

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