အလင္းအိမ္မဂၢဇင္း အတြဲ (၅) အမွတ္ (၇) by derric maw

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cdki f=unf0if; 8

tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

24 pufwifbm 2011

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jrwfopf (dawn)

tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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ynma&;ESifh roufqikd o f nfrsm;udk tcsed u f ek cf jH y;D aqG;aEG;aeonf[k xifjrif,x l m;aom q&mr a':eDeDrS onf;rcHEdkfifonfh rsufESmxm;ESihf ar;jref;vdkfufonf? cef;rxJrS tcsKdŒ rS m Za0Z0grsuf E S m rsm;ES i h f ? ol w d k @ jzwf o ef ; vmcJ h o nf h ynma&;c&D ; vrf ; wG i f wpf c grS r=um;cJhbl;aom acgif;pOfrsm;jzpfaeIvnf; oHo,pdwfwdk@ &SdonfrSm ay:vGifaeonf? tcsKd@rSm pd;k &draf =umih=f uaom rsuEf mS rsm;udk zH;k zdr&? tcsKŒd vnf; enf;jyq&mzufo@kd uGu=f unfu h u G =f unfh vkyaf e=uonf? tjidrf;pm; txufwef; ausmif;tkyfq&m=uD; wpfOD;jzpfol OD;batmifrS rwfwyf&yf vdkufjyD; q&m=uD; EdkifynmrGefxHrS &Sif;jycGifh awmif;cHvdkufonf? “q&m=uD; acwWem;ygcifAsm;/ usaemhfudk quf&Sif;jycGihfjyKapvdkygw,f? usaemfvnf;yJ wpfoufvHk;jrdKodyf cHpm;cJh&olyg? w&m;0ifzGihfajymjycGifhvnf; r&SdcJhbl;? tckawmh 'Dae&mav;rSm usaemfw@kd b0&JŒ qnf;qmcsed rf mS uH=uKH v@kd qHq k nf;=u&wJh vkyaf zmfuikd zf uf ynma&;orm;i,frsm; udk tjrif &Sif;jycGifhjyKapcsifw,f?” tm;vHk;rS q&m=uD; OD;batmif qufajymrnfhpum;wdk@udk apmihfarSsmfae=uonf? jznf;nSi;f csKo d mpGm ajymqdw k wfonfh q&m=u;D rSm wpfjrKd ŒvH;k u av;pm;&olwpfO;D vnf;jzpfonf? ESpaf ygi;f 40 eD;yg; ynma&;0efxrf;b0udk jzwfoef;cJo h yl o D pGm ynma&;tay: oHa,mZOf=u;D vGe;f vSonf? “wu,fawmh jynfo@l eDwb d mom&yfe@J 'Dacgi;f pOfawG[m odyu f kd ta&;=u;D vGe;f ygw,f? ynma&;eJ@ EdkifiHa&;[m cGJjcm;z,fxkwf xm;vdk@r&ygbl;? ynma&;onfyifvSsif EdkifiHa&;jzpfovdk/ EkdifiHa&;[mvnf; ynma&;ESihf wefqmqifEdkifrSomvSsif wifhw,fyg w,f? av;eufr_udk &&SEd idk yf gw,f? odoiho f t d yfaom acgi;f pOfrsm;jzpfv@kd jynfo@l eDwb d mom&yfukd oif,zl ;l rSomvSsif EkdifiHom; jzpf&usKd;eyfygr,f? touf&Sif aexdkif&usKd;eyfygw,f? omrefod&HkrSseJ@vnf; rvHkavmufao;jyefbl;? vufawG@b0xJrSm jyefvnf toHk;cszdk@vnf; avhvmcJh=uw,f? ynm&Sd=uD;awGrdef@qdkcJhw,f? ol@tvdktavSsmufawmh vli,fawG[m EdkifiHhom;aumif;awG jzpfrvmEkdifbl;wJh? avhusihf oif=um;ay;rSom/ todynmESihf tusifht=uHwdk@udk &&Sdr,f? wm0eford ,f? tcGit hf a&;wd@k / &ydik cf iG w hf @kd udk av;pm;vdu k ef mr,f? rdred @J olwpfyg; tusK;d udk rSswpGm o,fy;kd vdrk ,f? &yfusK;d &GmusK;d / wkikd ;f usK;d jynfjyK vky&f yfawGtay:rSm wefz;kd xm;Edik rf ,f? yg0ifaqmif &Gufvdkpdwfjzpfay:r,f? wenf;tm;jzihfvnf; EkdifiHom; ynma&;vkd@ ac:qdk=uwJh 'Dynm&yfudk oif=um;xm;rSomvSsif av;eufwJh wefzdk;&SdwJh/ todynm&SdwJh EkdifiHom;awGjzpfvm=ur,f? ” “bmjzpfv@kd tajccHynma&;rSmuwnf;u avhusio fh if=um;ay;&rSmvJ? tjcm;oif,l p&mawGu wyHkwyif=uD;? vuf&Sdoif&dk;udkwif renf;ukefatmifoifay;ae&w,f?” q&moD[rS txGe@f wuf ar;jref;vmonf? jref r mEk d i f i H p mppf t zG J @ wG i f wm0ef x rf ; aqmif c J h z l ; ol tjid r f ; pm;q&mr=uD ; a':wifwif0if;u ajz=um;ay;&ef oifwef;enf;jy q&mav;rS arwWm&yfcv H u kd o f nf? rqdik ;f rwGyif q&mr=u;D rS x&yfvu dk jf y;D =unfvifcef@jim;aom rsuEf mS wGif tjyKH ;yef;qifI ajz=um;ay;cJo h nf? “i,f&G,fEkysKdwJh pdwfESvHk;awGudkomvSsif yHkazmfxkqpf&wm vG,fulygw,f? 28

tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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ESi ;f abmvH;k vdk vlawGqif;&JwiG ;f eufoxufeufae&wJt h xJ }u;D Edik if ,fnOS ;f Edik x f ufp;D eif;jyKrrl a_ wGu vGefovufvGefuJvmavawmh aemufqHk;rSm rcHr&yfEdkifjzpf=u+yD; 'DaeŒtajctaersKd;xd a&muf&SdoGm;awmhwmjzpfygw,f? 'Dvdkjzpf&wJht"du ta=umif;t&if;uawmh "ecGJa0r_ wpf z uf a pmif ; eif ; jzpf & wJ h t csuf jzpf w ,f ? 'D t csuf u od y f a =umuf p &maumif ; w,f ? wpfzufapmif;eif;jzpfr_ p&Sdae+yDqdkwmeJŒ awmifapmif;uvSdrfhcsvdkufwJh ESif;abmvHk;rsm;vdk =umav}u;D av jzpfvmavh&w dS ,f? avsmyh g;oGm;w,fvŒkd b,fawmhrrS &Sb d ;l ? aiGawGutm%m&So d el ŒJ 32

tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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jynf}uD;ycHk;/ jynf}uD;vuf¶kH; aemufqHk;usef&SdaewJh r¾dKifjzpfwJh uGsefawmfwdkh&JŒ pwkwW r¾dKifqw kd mvnf; jynf}u;D 0efudk jynf}uD;ycHk;/ jynf}uD;vuf¶kH;tjzpf xrf;aqmif=u&olrsm;jzpfwJhtwGuf wpfenf;tm;jzifh jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;yif jzpf=uw,f? wjcm;jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;vdyk J jynfou l kd OD;xdyx f m;av;pm;&rSm jzpfw,f? jynfol@ txufuaecsifvdkh rjzpfbl;? jynfol@a&SŒu tcGifhxl;&,lcsifvdk@vnf; rjzpfbl;? tvm;wlyJ owif;orm;[m tpd;k &wpf&yf&ŒJ vufuikd w f w k rf jzpf&ovdk Edik if aH &;ygwD tzGŒJ tpnf;eJ@ EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;&JŒ toHk;cscHvnf; rjzpf&bl;? pD;yGm;a&;orm;rsm;&JŒaus;Zl;cHaus;Zl;pm;vnf; 34

tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

rjzpfap&bl;? 'DacwfrmS acwfpm;wJh pyGeq f mqdw k m[m pD;yGm;a&;orm;u owif;rD', D morm;udk vmbfxdk;wJh oabmjzpfw,f? pyGefqmvufcH&,lwJh owif;rD'D,morm;[m pyGefqm&Sif&JŒ rsuEf mS udk tjr=J unfah e&rSmjzpfwt hJ wGuf ajzmifrh wfreS u f efwhJ owif;orm; vH;k 0rjzpfEikd af wmhb;l ?

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tvif;tdrfr*~Zif;rS pDpOfxkwfa0onf tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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jrifhaqGO D; jrefrmhowif;pmrsm; ordkif;udk jyef=unfhaomtcg/ owif;pmrsm;pm/ e,fZif;rs;onf jynfoal wGbufrS yg0ifco hJ nf? jynfoal wGEiS t hf wl vGwv f yfa&;wdu k yf 0JG ifcahJ vonf? xd@k a=umifh owif;pmordkif; owif;pmrsm;v_yf&Sm;cJhr_ordkif;onf EdkifiHordkif;[kajym I&avonf? owif;pm rsm;onfordik ;f udk ajymae=uavonf? trsKd ;om;vGwf ajrmufa&;/ vGwv f yfa&;wdu k yf JG 0if&mwGif jrefrmhowif;pmrsm;uvnf; jynfolvlxk ESifhtwlwdkufyGJ0ifcJhonf/ vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJtwGuf enf;rsdK;pkHESifh qifEGJ=u&mwGif owif;pmrsm;u jynfolvlxkudk pnf;&kH;v_HaqmfcJhonf? owif;pmrsm;onf rdrdwdk@vGwfvyf cGifhtwGufvnf; wdkufyGJ0if&onf/ jynfolvlxk. vGwv f yf&;wdu k yf JG wGiv f nf;yg0ifc&hJ onf/ jrefrmEdik if H vGwv f yfa&; wdu k yf w JG av#mufwiG f +Aw d o d # e,fcsJ@tpdk;&u jrefrmjynfudk vufrvGwf&a&;twGuf y&d,m,frsdK;pkHESifh tkyfcsLyfa&;tqifhqifh ajymif;vJtkyfcsLyfcJhonf/ udkvdkeD e,fcsJ@orm;. y&d,m,frsdK;pkHudk trsdK;om;wif;pm uzGifhcs+yD; uef@uGufcJhonf? zdESdyfcsLyfcs,fr_rsm;udk wdkufyGJ0ifcJhonf/ jynfolvlxkudk pnf;&kH;I jynfvlxk}uD; .v_yf&Sm;r_ wdkufyGJ0ifr_rsm;wGif tm;ay;axmufcHcJhavonf? owif;pmrsm; pwifay: xGuv f maomfvnf; jynfov l x l u k vnf; rEd;k =um;ao;/ owif; pmrsm;uvnf; rEdk;=um;ao;/ owif;pmay:OD;uyif owif;pmrsm;onf ol.wm0ef0wW&m;udk od=u./ od=uonfhtwdkif; owif;pmusifh0wf twdkif;a&;om;cJh=uonf? owif;pm. wm0ef0wW&m;udk 1874 ck arv 9&uf paeae@xkwf jrefrmhoHawmfqifh owif;pmwGif atmufygtwdik ;f az:jycJah vonf? “t=uif tr_onf tu,fI ajzmifrh eS o f nf jzpft/hH xdt k r_ukd ajzmifah omta=umif;ESihf xnfhoGif;&monf/ wzufaomoltm; rsufESm}uD;i,f vdkufpm;ojzifh r[kwfwrf;w&m; rxnfh &acs/ ,xmblw *k%fyk'f udkazmfxkwfI jyaumif;aom 0wW&m;&Sdacsonf/æ ,if;tr_u rSefuef v#if rSefvdkuf/ rSm;v#ifrSm;vkduf wdkuf&kdufxif&Sm;atmif a&;om;xnfhoGif;ygrnf? rsufESm&Sdol udkajrSufyifh/ rsufESmrJholudk vGifhatmifa&;om;onf r[kwf/æ u|efyfwdk@owif;pmonf vltrsm; 52

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tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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pDrHudef;a=umifh jzpfay:vmr,fh obm0ywf0ef;usif tay:oufa&mufr_ (Environmental Impact Assessment – EIA) udk Biodiversity And Nature ConservahJ us,u f s,jf yefjh yefh uGi;f qif;avhvm qef;ppf tion Association (BANCA) okawoetzGu

tuJjzwfxm;wJh tpD&ifcpH mwapmif jrefrmjynfoal wGt=um; aygu=f um;cJjh cif;u pwifcw hJ ,fvhkd ajymedik yf gw,f? wavmuyJ jrefrmtpd;k &&J@ trSwf (1) vsyS pf pfprG ;f tif0ef}u;D OD;aZmfrif;u aejynfawmf owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwck rSm BANCA udk tar&duefa':vm 1 'or 25 oef;ay;+yD; EIA udk vkyfaqmifcdkif;cJha=umif; tifwmeufay:rSm jyefhESHhaewJh tpD&ifcHpmeJhywfouf+yD;? “cifAsm;wdkh rD'D,mawGu ajymae=uwJh tcsufaygh tifwmeufrSm wifxm;wJh report u pmrsufESm 500 avmuf&w dS ,f? tJ'x D rJ mS a&;xm;wm jrefrmtpd;k &u rvdu k ef mbl;vdhk ajym=uw,f? BANCA u 'D report udk wifvdkh r&bl; BANCA udk usGefawmfwdkhu pmcskyfeJh iSm;xm;wm/ rif;wdkh 'gvkyf/ +yD;&if tJ'D report ighay; 'gu Trade Secret jzpfw,f/ ajymvdkhr&bl;?” vdkh ajymcJyh gw,f? 0ef}uD;OD;aZmfrif;&J@ tajyma=umifh tifwmeufay:u tpD&ifcHpm[m tppfr[kwf ovdkvdk/ {&m0wDjrpfqHka&umwm pDrHudef;udk zsufvdkzsufqD;vkyfaeolrsm;u “{&m0wDa&m*g” jyefhyGm;atmifaqmif&Gufaeovdkvdk t"dy`g,foufa&mufaeygw,f? jrefrmjynfolawGvufxJ a&muf&SdaewJh BANCA &Jh tpD&ifcHpm[m 0ef}uD;ajymovdk pmrsufESm 500 r[kwfbJ tpD&ifcHpmrsufESmzHk;uae tqHk;?txd pmrsufESmpkpkaygif; 935 rsufESm&SdwJh +yD;?jynfpHkwJh tpD&ifcHpmwapmifjzpf+yD; 2009 ESpf atmufwdkbmv &ufpGJeJh xkwfjyefxm;jcif;jzpfygw,f? vsSyfppf0ef}uD; OD;aZmfrif;u a':vm 1²25 oef; tukefuscHcJhwm jrefrmtpdk;&bufu aqmif&u G cf o hJ a,mif ajymqdck ahJ yr,fh tpD&ifcpH mt& 'DaiGukd CPI u tukeu f sccH w hJ mjzpfygw,f? BANCA &Jh tqdt k & jrefrmedik if rH mS EIA udk rvkyrf jzpfvyk &f r,fvhkd pnf;rsO;f Oya' owfrw S x f m;wmr&Syd g? 'gayr,fh tckvkd {&m0wDjrpf0rS ;f txufyikd ;f rSm a&tm;vsyS pf pfxw k , f al &; pD r H u d e f ; }uD ; awG aqmif & G u f & mrS m w&k w f t pd k ; &&J h EIA eJ h y wf o uf w J h pd k ; &d r f r _ u d k todtrSwfjyKoifha=umif; azmfjyxm;ygw,f? jrefrmtpdk;&bufuvnf; pdk;&drfr_&Sdw,fvdkh azmfjyrxm;ygbl;? 'g?ayr,fh jrefrmtpdk;&&Jh yl;aygif;ulnDr_udk aus;Zl;wifa=umif; azmfjycJhygw,f? BANCA u tckvdk a&;xm;ygw,f? “EIA is not mandatory yet in Myanmar. However regarding hydropower development of Ayeyawady River above Myitkyina˜ we should appreciate China’s concern on EIA and should refer their EIA procedure.” f pd;k &&Jh obm0ywf0ef;usif xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf BANCA &Jh tpD&ifcpH mrSm w&kwt

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vdkufemaqmif&Gufzdkh wm0ef&SdwJhtwGuf vkyfaqmifwmvm;/ jrefrmtpdk;&u jrpfqHka&umwm a=umifjh zpfay:vmedik w f hJ obm0ywf0ef;usix f cd u kd rf a_ wGtwGuf pd;k &drv f hkd aqmif&u G w f mvm;qdw k m ar;cGef;xkwfp&m jzpfvmygw,f? tJh'DtpD&ifcHpmudk zwf&_vdkuf&wJhtwGuf jrpfqHka&umwm wnfaqmufaeqJeJh/ wnf a qmuf + yD ; vwf w avm umvrS m yif }uD ; }uD ; rm;rm; qd k ; usd K ;ouf a &muf r _ a wG u d k azmfjyxm;ygw,f? jrefrmtpdk;&&Jh tqdkt& {&m0wDjrpf a&&Jh 7 µ udkom qnftwGif; odkavSmifrSmjzpfw,fvdkh qdkygw,f? BANCA &Jh GIS (Geographic Information f & jrpfqakH &umwm&Jh a&rsuEf mS jyiftus,[ f m {u 64˜784 (26˜238 System) wdik ;f xGmcsut [uf w m) &S d r S m jzpf w J h t wG u f a&atmuf e pf j rk y f o G m ;r,f h ajr{u 64˜784 a=umif h vwfwavm=uKH awGŒ&r,fh qd;k usKd ;awGu (1) aus;&Gmaygif; 32 pk a&epfjrkyfoGm;rSmjzpfw,f? ,Hk=unf&wJh a'ocHowif;tcsuf tvufawGukd ud;k um;+y;D tqdyk ga &epfjrKyo f mG ;r,fh aus;&Gmaygi;f 30 ausmu f tdraf xmifpak ygi;f 5˜000 cefh/ vlOD;a& 8˜000 cefh/ tdk;rJh/tdrfrJh jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,fvdkh azmfjyxm;w,f? tjcm;avhvmr_wckudkvnf; udk;um;+yD; BANCA u azmfjy&mrSm a&epfjrKyfr,fh aus;&Gmaygif; 47 &Gm txd&Sdedkifw,fvdkh azmfjyxm;ygw,f? a&epfjrKyo f mG ;r,fh aus;&Gmrsm;udk BANCA u atmufygtwdik ;f azmfjyxm;ygw,f? “According to our GIS map analysis˜ the following villages will be flooded. Tang Hpe ,Te Yan Zup , Naing Sein, Nget Pyaw Daw, Zup Ra Yang, Sa ni to yang, Kwin Htau, Tang Bauk Yang, The waing, N Bum Yaung, U Ship Yang, Bum Rung, La Zup, Hkam Be Yang, Bum Lai, N Dawng Yang, Daw Man Yang, Ma Jang Yang, Ka Pyi Kawng, Kh Wa Yang, Tum Pang, Ma Li Yang, Au Ra Yang, U Laung Yang, Man Tawng, Shi Ngaw, Brm Ba, N Sawp Zup, N Jip, Hkat Pwa Hmaw, Zai ro (Za ru).”

(2) arcjrpfwavsSmuf azmufvkyfxm;wJh jrpf}uD;em;-csDaAG um;vrf;&Jh 46 uDvrkd w D m&Snv f sm;wJh vrf;ydik ;f wckv;kH a&epfjryk o f mG ;rSmjzpfovdk 'Dvrf;ay:rSm wnfaqmufxm;wJh 59 rdkif wHwm;/ &Sa*:wHwm; wdkhvnf; ysufpD;epfjrKyf oGm;rSmjzpfw,f? (3) rvdcjrpfwavsSmuf azmufvkyfxm;wJh jrpf}uD;em;-ylwmtdkum;vrf;&Jh 48 uDvdkrDwmceffh&Snfvsm;wJh vrf;ydkif;wckvHk;vnf; a&epfjrKyfoGm;rSmjzpfovdk 'Dvrf;ay:rSm wnf a qmuf x m;wJ h tif Z l ; wH w m;/ wd e f Z l ; wH w m;eJ h tjcm; wH w m;i,f r sm;vnf ; ysufpD;epfjrKyfoGm;rSmjzpfw,f? (4) ucsiv f rl sKd ;awGtwGuyf gru jrefrmwedik if v H ;kH &Jh ,Ofaus;r_ trSwv f uQ%mw&yf jzpf + yD ; / om,mvS y wJ h jrpf q H k a 'o xm0& aysmuf q H k ; oG m ;rS m jzpf o vd k ucsif j ynf e ,f c&D;oGm;vkyfief;zGHh+zdK;r_twGuf qHk;&SHK;r_}uD;w&yf jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhr,f? (5) pdkufysdK;edkifwJh v,fajr{u 18˜000 ausmf qHk;&SHK;rSm jzpfovdk opfawmrsm;eJh 84

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tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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pufwifbm 22/ 2011 aungdin@uscampaignforburma²org

'Daqmif;yg;twGuf atmufygpmwrf;/ pmtkyrf sm;udk ud;k um;ygw,f/ (1) Ayeyawady Basin Hydropower Projects are Strategic Selection for Myanmar Electric Power Industry by Mr, Li Guanghau˜ CPI Yunnan Intenational Power Investment Co:Ltd (CPIYN), September 2011 (2) obm0ygw0f ef;usiEf iS hf vlry_ gw0f ef;usiq f ikd &f m tusKd ;oufa&mufr/_ a'guw f mxifv/S OuUX/ Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association (BANCA), September 2011 (3) Environmental Impact Assessment (Special Investigation) On Hydropower Development of Ayeyawady River Basin above Myitkyina, Kachin State, Myanmar by Biodiversity And Nature Conservation Association (BANCA), October 2009 (4) The New Great Wall˜ A Guide to China’s Overseas Dam Industry by International Rivers Network, July 2008 (5) ucsiv f w G af jrmufa&;tzGŒJ OuUX=u;D va&mfaZmif[&m rS w&kwu f eG jf rLepfygwD t=u;D tuJ [l*siaf wmif xHay;aompm ESihf yl;wGyJ g taxmuftxm;rsm;/ rwf 16/ 2011 Ref: Links.... http://www.scribd.com/doc/65339086/LiGuangHua-CPIYN-20110917 96

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vnfvmw,f? 0g'gawGta&S@rSm rsuf&nfrusatmif xdrf;xm;w,f? idkoHygygESifh “axmifrSL;ukdvlacsmu bmjzpfvkd@ usaemfhtdrfav;ukd zsufpD;ypfvmvJ´ wu,fqkd &if olvkdcsifwJht&mukd wckcsif;vSefavmjyD; &Smvkd@&wmyJ?” a'goESifh E_wfcrf;ukd ukdufxm;&if; aoG;awGxGufvmrS &yfvkdufw,f? emusifr_wckukd &,lcH pm;&if; yg;jyifay:u '%f&mukd vufEiS phf rf;vku d w f ,f? 0g'gwa,mufvufxu J ypPn;f wck vGwfusoGm; w,f? 0g'gawGvnf; 'Dtvkyfrvkyfcsif=uyg? axmifrSL;ukdcspfEkdifu aumifav;ab;rSm vm&yfvkduf&if; wkd;wkd;av; “ oGm;r,f/ rif;bmrS ra=umufeJ@ igwa,mufvkH; rif;ab;rSm&Sdw,fqkdwm rarheJ@” aumifav;[m ,k=H unftm;uk;d pGmESihf ukcd spEf idk v f ufudk qkyu f idk x f m;w,f? axmifrLS ;ukv d al csm[m eHygww f w k u f dk vufrmS ukid &f if; 0g'gtaqmifu xGuv f mw,f? ol@t aemufrmS 0g'gawGuyfygvmw,f? axmifrLS ; ukcd spEf idk [ f m 0g'gawGtrsm;=u;D awG@vku d &f vk@d tHh=ooGm; w,f? wu,fqkd&if 0g'gawG[m 'Dtcsdefqkd rdrdwkd@tdrfjyef tem;,l&awmhr,fhtcsdef jzpfw,f? 0g'gtm;vkH;xJrSm wm0ef=uwJhvlqkdvkd@ ukdpkd;odrf; wa,mufbJjzpfjyD; wm0efuswJh ae&mrSm &Sdae us&rSmjzpfw,f? ukdcspfekdif acgif;ukdikH@xm;&if; aumifav;ukd wkd;wkd;av;tm;ay; vku d w f ,f? “rif;bmrSm ryle@J / rif;bufrmS ig&w dS ,f?” aumifav;[m a=umufveG ;f vk@d ukcd spEf idk f cg;ywfudk qGx J m;vku d w f ,f? axmifrSL;ukdvlacsmtem;ukda&mufawmh ukdvlacsmu “aumifav;ukd ay;prf;yg” vk@d ajymw,f? ukcd spEf idk u f “ rif; pum;ukd aumif;aumif;rajymwwfbl;vm;/ bmvkd@ atmfaigufaewmvJ” “aumifav;ukd ay;prf;yg” “ 'DrSm n$ef@a0OD;/ ig - 'Daumifav;ukd ray;Ekdifbl;? bmvJ 'Duav;ukd rif;u acG;vk@d xifaevm;´ “ [kwfw,f/ pum;ajymwwfwJh acG;ukd usaemf ppfaq;p&m&Sdw,f?” “ rif ; 'D v k d rawmf r w&m;vk y f v k d @ rvk y f e J @ uG / 'D u av;u axmif u saewJ h vlwa,mufr[kwf bl;? jyD;awmh 'Dtcsdefu rif;tdrfjyef&rJhtcsdef/ rif;wm0efcsdef r[kwfbl;?” ukv d al csmu qufjy;D ’’’’’’ “ 'DacG;rom;av;ukd usaemfhvufxJ tyfprf;yg? 'DacG;aumifav;qDrSm abmvfyif&Sd w,f? wae&mrSm 0Sufxm;wm aocsmw,f? usaemfppfvkduf&if xGufvmrSmyg?” udck spEf idk f a'goxGuo f mG ;jy;D toHus,v f mw,f? “ 'DrmS n$e@f a0OD;/ »»»»»»»»»»»» rif;u axmifuswa,mufr[kww f hJ 12t&G,u f av;ukd &ku d Ef u S zf @dk =upH nfaewmvm;´ aumifav;&J@ wJuv dk nf; rif;zsupf ;D cJjh y;D jy/D jy;D awmh &ku d v f nf; &ku d Ef u S jf y;D jy/D rif;awmfavmufjyD?” ajymajymqkdqkdESifh 0g'gawGukd vSrf;=unfhvkdufw,f? 0g'gawG[m t&Suf&oGm;wJh rsufESm awGESifh acgif;ikH@oGm;=uw,f? 118

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b,folrS ukdcspfEkdifrsufESmukd r=unfh&J/ &ifrqkdif&J=uawmhyg? “rif;wkd@wm0efxJrSm 'Duav;aewJh wJukd zsufpD;&r,fqkdwm ygovm;” ae=uprf;ygOD;/ igrodvkd@ wckar;csifw,f? 'DudpP rif;wkd@'Dvkdvkyfwm axmifykdif=uD;qD tpD&ifcHjyD;jyDvm;´ axmifykdif=uD; trdef@&vkd@vm;´ ukv d al csmu “axmifykdif=uD; jrKd@xJoGm;w,f? r&Sdbl;?” “atmf--- 'ga=umifh rif;wkd@ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aomif;usef;ae=uwm qkdygawmh/ [kwv f m;´ rif;wk@d igu h dk bmvk@d t&if vmrajymwmvJ´ tck=unfph rf;/ aumifav;rSm wkww f acsmif;bJ &Sad wmhw,f? rif;wk@d wzG@J vk;H 'Duav;ukd a&epfjy;D owfv@dk a=umufa=umufvef@vef@ ihgqaD jy;vmwm? rif;wkd@&SmaewJh abmvfyifqkdwma&m awG@ovm;´ axmifrSL;ukdvlacsmbuf vSnfhjyD; “rif;a&m awG@vm;” “usaemfwkd@ ol@wJxJrSm [kdt&l;r atmifqef;pk=unfykHukd awG@w,f?” “ [kwfygjyD/ 'Duav;u tJ'Dvlukd odyghrvm;´ jyD;awmh 'Duav;u pmwwfwm r[kwb f ;l uG?” “ 'gqkd bmjzpfvkd@ 'Daumifav; bmvkd@ odrf;xm;&wmvJ´ ukdcspfEkdif wcsufpGef@pm;vkdufw,f? aumifav;bufvSnfhjyD; “ aumifav; rif; -- pk=unfukd odvm;´ aumifav;u “ pk=unfqkdwm bmukd ac:wmvJ´vkd@ jyefar;vkdufw,f? 'Dvkdqkdawmh ukdvlacsmu “ 'ga=umifh usaemf 'Daumifav;ukd ppfcsifaewm/ usaemfhvufxJ tyfvkdufprf;yg”vkd@ ajymajym qkdqkdESifh a&S@wkd;vmw,f? “ rif;bmvkd@ 'Drdef;rykHukd odrf;xm;&wmvJ´ »»»» »»»» ukdcspfEkdif a'go axmif;ceJ xGufoGm;&if; “a[haumif/ rif;a&S@ qufrwkd;eJ@ / &yfvkdufprf;” aumif;av;bufvSnfh&if; “pk=unfqkdwm rif;wJxJrSm &SdwJh rdef;rukdac:wm? bmjzpfvkd@ rif;qDrSm &SdaewmvJqkdwm tm;vkH; odatmif ajymjyprf;? rif;ajymrS jzpfr,f?” aumifav;ukd tay:ukd armh=unfhvkduf&if; “wef ; pD ; OD ; usm;=uD ; qD r S m vJ tJ ' D rd e f ; ryk H & S d w ,f ? usaemf v J od r f ; xm;csif v k d @ awmif;xm;wmyg?” “ bmvJ rif;u rdef;rykHukd =uKdufvkd@vm;” “ wu,fawmh jyK;H aewJh rde;f ryku H dk jrif&awmh tarhudk owd&vk@d usaemford ;f xm;wmyg?” ukdcspfEkdifu aumifav;&J@ ykckH;ukd ukdifvkduf&if; -----“ uJ --- tm;vkH; =um;=uw,fr[kwfvm;/ jyKH;aewJh rdef;r=uD;wa,muf&J@ykHukd tarh&@J tvGr;f ajy odr;f xm;wmukd tjypfwifcsiw f o hJ l &So d vm;´ 'gq&dk if rif;wk@d tcef;xJrmS csw d x f m;wJh tqkdawmf aumifrav; awGvJ rdef;ryJ? rif;wkd@ukd n$ef@a0OD; ppfaq;vddrfhr,f? =um;&J@vm;´ 'Dpum;a=umihf wcsKd @u &,f=uw,f? wcsK@d ujyK;H =uw,f? ukcd spEf idk u f ol'w D yGrJ mS usrd ;f aoEkid jf yq D w dk m em;vnfvu dk w f ,f? axmifrLS ; udv k al csm tav#mrh ay;yg/ “ 'DykHukd odrf;xm;wJhol[m ekdifiHa&;orm;qkdwm vlwkdif;odw,f?” ukcd spEf idk f &,fvu dk &f if; “ 0g'gawG rif;wk@d aoaocsmcsm rSwx f m;=u? a[mh'D uav;av;[m rSwfwrf;wifp&m aumif;wJh 12ESpfom; EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;av;jzpfoGm;jyD? igwkd@axmiforkdif;rSm tvif;tdrfr*~if;twGJ(5)trSwf(7)

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rSwfwrf;wif p&m &oGm;jyD?” 0g'gawG &,f=ujyefw,f? “n$ef@a0OD; --- rif;vJodygw,f? 'Daumifav;[m ol@tazqk;H jy;D uwnf;u 'DaxmifxrJ mS aewm vcvnf; r,lb;l ? vlwidk ;f ckid ;f or#udk vkyfay;aewm/ tm;vkH;vJ odw,f?” jyD;awmh axmifuswa,mufvJ r[kwfbl;?” “igajymcsiw f m wck&w dS ,f? rif;tckvdk oufoufrhJ tykt d vkyf vkyaf ewm&,f/ 0g'gawGudk ac: jyD; ckdif;wmukd axmifykdif=uD;qD tpD&ifcHpmwifzkd@yg/ wifjzpfatmif wifyg? uJ --- tck rif;'DrSm qufaep&m ta=umif;r&Sdawmhbl;/ rif; jyefawmh?” axmifrSL; ukdvlacsm tH=udwfvkduf&if; ta&S@wkd;vmw,f “ 5rdepfeJ@ 'Dukvm;av;ukd ppfjyr,f? tm;vkH;ay:vmap&r,f? ”aumifav; 0wfxm;wJh wD&Syfukd aqmifhqGJvkdufw,f? axmifrSL;ukdcspfEkdif a'gowtm; xGufoGm;jyD; vlacsm &ifbwfukd aqmifhwGef;vkdufw,f? axmifrSL; udkvlacsm ajr=uD;ay: yufvufvSefvSJus oGm;w,f? &Suf&SufESifh --“ acG;rom;av; / rif;vGwfvdrfhr,frxifeJ@/ rif;ukd r&&atmif zrf;r,f/ odvm;? ” 'l;wzufem aevkd@ wzufaxmufjyD; &yfvkdufw,f? “igh'l;acgif;emoGm;wm rif;wkd@ bmvkd@ 'Dwidk ;f =unfah ewmvJ/” ukdwifhvGifu ulr,fqkdjyD; axmifrSL;ukdvlacsmqD oGm;vkdufw,f? axmifrSL;vlacsmu “ acG;rom;av;/ rif;odr,f? ighukd rxdeJ@/ bm=unfhae wmvJuG´ 0g'g pkd;odrf; tcif;jzpfwJhae&m uae yxrOD;qkH; cGmvkdufw,f? olwm0efuswJh ae&mukd xGufoGm;w,f? 0g'gawG tm;vkH;wjznf;jznf; aysmuf uG,foGm;=uw,f? 0g'gawG tm;vkH;r&Sdawmh ukdcspfekdifukd vlacsm &ifqkdifr,fqkdjyD; vSnfhvkdufw,f/ 'gayrJh 'l; acgif;u rcHr&yfEkdifatmif emusifvmw,f? “uk v m;av; rif ; b,f r S m od r f ; xm;vJ ´ abmvf y if b,f r S m vJ ´ aumif a v; bmrSjyefrajymyg? wu,fajymcsiw f m “ aovku d yf gvm;”qkw d myJ? 'gayrJh ajymvku d w f mu “ usaemfq h rD mS bmrSr&Syd gb;l ?” axmifrSL;ukdvlacsm a'goxGuf&if; wl&if;ukd ajr=uD;xJ aqmifhxkd;vkdufw,f? ukdcspfEkdifu “n$ef@a0OD;-- rif; a'goodyfxGufraeeJ@/ ajcaxmufukd *&kpkdufOD;?” “oGm;prf;yg/ udpPu rjyD;ao;bl;As/ usaemfh uwday;ygw,f? r&&atmif &Smr,f?” “at; wcsed cf sed af wmh od&rSmaygu h mG / 'gayrJh b,fEpS Ef pS f =umrvJqw dk m rodb;l ? tJ'u D sawmh rif;a&m/ igyg 'Daxmif=uD;xJrSm &SdaeyghOD;rvm; rodbl;?” axmifrLS ; ukv d al csm a'gooHEiS hf 0g'gwa,mufudk ol@tay:tusF , D v l may;zk@d atmfaiguf qJqdk aew,f? axmifrSL; ukdvlacsmxGufoGm;jyD;aemuf ukdcspfEkdif[m ajr=uD;ay:rSm jyef@usJaewJh ypPnf;awGxJu ajcmufaewJht0wfukd &SmaewJh aumifav;ukd apmifhaerdw,f? aumifav;=uKdufwJh ausmif;pdr;f ykq;dk ESihf tusF t D jzLukd wD&yS af y:rSm xyf0wfvu dk w f ,f? apmifawG/ acgi;f tk;H awG &G@H awGayaevk@d r,lawmhyg? aumifav; aewJhtdrfav;&J@ tv,frSm wGif;=uD;wwGif;&Sdw,f? aygifavmufeufw,f? vlawGjrKyw f hJ usi;f vkjd zpfaew,f? axmifrLS ;ukv d al csm aumifav;ukd rouFmvk@d tJ'w D iG ;f ukd wl;ckid ;f wm teuf=u;D jzpfomG ;w,f? 120

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aumifav;vnf; tJ'DwGif;=uD;xJukd olrokH;awmhwJh a&pdkypPnf;awGukd jrKyfvkdufw,f? tJ ' D t csd e f r S m qG m rd & J @ 9em&D o H a csmif ; acguf o H xG u f v mygw,f ? &ef u k e f j rKd @ xJ u k d jyef z k d @ tcsdefa&mufvmjyDqkdwm owdxm;rdvkduf w,f? tdrfa&muf&if ol@rdef;r&J@tqlcH&r,fqkdwm =uKad wG;rdygw,f? aumifav;[m ol@taz&J@ oGm;&,f/ a&$w*d aHk pwDawmfyu Hk dk *&kwpdu k jf yeford ;f xm;vku d w f ,f? Akv d f csKyaf tmifqef;ykaH wmh ajr=u;D xJrmS w0ufwjyufEiS hf awG@&w,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf&@J ykaH wmh olwkd@awG odrf;oGm;vkd@ rawG@&awmhhbl;? rD;jcpfAl;av;ukd jyefawG@&awmh 0rf;omoGm;w,f? ukdcspfEkdifu “tJ'D rD;jcpfAl;xJrSm rif; bmawG odrf;xm;vJ´ “ *sydk;av;waumif oem;vkd@ usaemfarG;xm;wm/ tckawmh r&Sdawmhbl;” “ [m; --- igodjyD/ rif;&J@ *sykd;av;ukd udkvlacsm ppfaq;zkd@ zrf;oGm;jyDxifw,f?” 'Dvkd aESmufajymifwmukd em;rvnfwJh aumifav;u ukdcspfEkdifukd “ q&m olwkd@ *sykd;av;ukd b,fvkd ppfaq;=urvJ rodbl;aemf”ar;vkdufawmh “ at;-- aocsmwmuawmh ukdvlacsmu r&&atmifppfvdrfhr,f”vkd hajym&if; &,farmvku d w f ,f? “ 'gqkd axmifrSL; ukdvlacsm =uGufudkvJ r&&atmif ppfrvm;rodbl;?” “ odyfaocsmwmaygh/ ukdvlacsmu =uGufpum;vJ wwfw,fuG” aumifav;[m aemufq;Hk usew f hJ =uK;d r&Sw d hJ za,mif;wkid af wGudk usi;f xJxnfjh rKyv f u dk w f ,f? ukd cspEf idk b f ufvn S &hf if; “ q&m usaemf 'Dn wef;pD; OD;usm;=uD;qD oGm;tdyfawmhr,f”vkd@ ajymvkdufw,f? “ bmvJ rif;tusOf;axmifxJ oGm;tdyfrvkd@vm;´ “ [kwfygw,f/ q&m? 'gayrJh usaemf axmifusaewJh vlwa,mufawmh r[kwfygbl;?” -----------------------------------....... ukdcspfEkdifvnf; tcsdefaESmif;jyDqkdwm odvkd@ tdrfjyefzkd@ qkH;jzwfvkdufw,f? qufvufazmfjy ay;oGm;ygrnf?

armifarmifvwf (c)Roland Hardy

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