Interior Design Studio II Increasing Child's Play Alison Cannon

INCREASING PLAY DIVERSITY DESIGN BUILD PROJECT Alison Cannon | ID Studio 2381.001 | Fall 2021

A CHILD'S NARRATIVE My only vision is my tablet.

My only vision is the way I can control my games.

I want to change.

I want to explore new things.

Become something, Be someone.

Play with friends.

I want to imagine, Imagine that I'm playing house with my friends, Cooking 5-star food, Playing dress-up.

I want to imagine...

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1-2

PRE-INTERVENTION BEHAVIOR MAPPING

3-4

CHILD DEVELOPMENT DOMAINS

5-6

HUMAN FACTORS

7-8

SAFETY STANDARDS AND CODES

9-10

UNIVERSAL AND INCLUSIVE DESIGN

11-12

GEOGRAPHICAL APPROPRIATE MATERIALS

13-18

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT MODELS / SKETCHES

19-22

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PHASE 4 REFERENCES

PRE-INTERVENTION BEHAVIOR MAPPING 5

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BEHAVIOR MAP ROOM 116

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1

3

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Why is it beneficial for observing children's behavior?

Behavior mapping is a direct method of observation for recording activities between certain people or objects.

Most active to least active areas:

2, 1, 5, 4 Key

- Children's activity movement.

1 - Food area, washing hands station.

2 - Building cubes and pillow area.

3 - Puzzles, Books.

4 - Playhouse.

5 - Dress-up, Books.

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CHILD DEVELOPMENT DOMAINS

Age 2 At age 2 - 250 words Failure to distinguish others' viewpoints from one's own.

Delay of gratification.

(Wright, 2021)

Age 3 Aware of strategies for adjusting to emotional arousal. realize thinking takes place inside their heads First recognizable picture.

Parallel play.

(Wright, 2021)

5 Age 4 Realize that beliefs can impact behavior.

Theory of thought (Thinking about thought.)

Parallel play.

(Wright, 2021)

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Age 5 More complex drawing Upper and lower body motor skills combined into more refined actions.

Greater speed and endurance.

Language Development.

(Wright, 2021).

Age 6 Able to read and recognize about 10,000 words.

Multicultural awareness and competence.

Gender stereotyping.

(Wright, 2021)

Physical appearance in early childhood:

"Height, Weight, and Strength all depend on hereditary genes. "The average child grows 2 1/2 inches in heigh and gains between 5 to 7 pounds a year during early childhood." (Santrock, 2011). Girls and boys differ in body mass throughout the years, Girls tend to hold more fatty tissue and boys have more muscle tissue." (Santrock, 2011).

Age

Erikson's Psychosocial Stage

Piaget's Cognitive Stage

2-3 years old

Early Childhood (Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt)

Preoperational

3-5 years old

Preschool (Initiative vs. Guilt)

Preoperational

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Making good choices.

Expectations for impulse.

Developing independence and control.

(Wright, 2021)

Initiative vs. Guilt

Initiative children Senses of purpose Try new things.

Conscience development.

Guilt children Overly strict - resiting in guilt.

Lacks confidence.

(Wright, 2021)

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HUMAN FACTORS Median Age

Race Other 4.9% Asian 2.6% Black or African American 7.9%

Male 47.7%

Femal e 52.3%

Education 25%

20%

White 80.6%

15%

10%

5%

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"Salary - Income for a Lubbock, TX household is $71,273 with an inclusive poverty rate of 20.14%.

Number of Children - The total amount of people in Lubbock, TX is approximately 258,870. Out of the total number of people, there is 13% (ages 0-9). It would be about 33,652 children ages 0-9 living in the Lubbock, TX area." (U.S. Census Bureau, 2019)

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Culture in Lubbock:

Music, Trends, Race, Religion, Values, History, Language, Food, Hospitality, Landscape, Style/Dress, Art.

Characteristics of Lubbock, TX:

Friendly, College-Centric, Cowboys, Laidback, Dry climate, country, "small big city", diverse, agriculture, family-oriented, conservative, casually dressed for comfort.

Traditions in Lubbock, TX:

College Sports, Tortillas at football games.

(KOA, 2021)

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SAFETY STANDARDS AND CODES Minimum Standards for Child-Care Centers Subchapter U, Indoor and Outdoor Active Play Space and Equipment Division 1, Minimum Saftey Requirements

"(1) The indoor/outdoor active play equipment must be arranged so that caregivers and supervisors can see the child at all times. [High] (4) Equipment must not have openings that can entangle something around a child’s neck or the child’s clothing [High]

Maximum Height For Play Surfaces (a) The maximum height of the play surface is based on the age of children who will be using the equipment.

(b) The maximum height allowed is as follows: (1) 32 inches for under the age of two years [Medium-High]; (2) Five feet for children younger than five [Medium-High]; or (3) Seven feet for children who are at least five years of age. [Medium-High]." (Texas Health and Human Services, 2021)

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ADA Standards for Accessible Design Chapter 8: Special Rooms, Spaces, and Elements 801 General

"802.1.2 Width. A single wheelchair space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum Where two adjacent wheelchair spaces are provided, each wheelchair space shall be 33 inches (840 mm) wide minimum.

802.1.3 Depth. Where a wheelchair space can be entered from the front or rear, the wheelchair space shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) deep minimum. Where a wheelchair space can be entered only from the side, the wheelchair space shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) deep minimum.

"803.5 Coat Hooks and Shelves. Coat hooks provided within the room shall be located within one of the reach ranges specified in 308. Shelves shall be 40 inches (1015 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground." (ADA, 2010)

Figure 307.4 Vertical Clearance 308 Reach Ranges Foward or side reach

Ages 3 and 4

Ages 5 through 8

High (maximum)

36 in (915 mm)

40 in (1015 mm)

Low (minimum)

20 in (510 mm)

18 in (455 mm)

(ADA, 2010)

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UNIVERSAL AND INCLUSIVE DESIGN Universal Design - Making design accessible to everyone in society. (DO-IT, 2021)

Universal Design 7 principles - "equitable, flexibility, simple and intuitive, perception information,

tolerance for error, low physical effort, size, and space." (DO-IT, 2021)

Example of using universal design - Applying the standards from Minimum Standards for Child-

Care Centers.

Inclusive Design - Making the final product usable by everyone, regardless of age, ability, and

circumstances. (Sensory Trust, 2021)

Inclusive Design 7 principles - "Comparable experience, consider the situation, be consistent,

give control, offer choice, prioritize content, add value." (Swan, 2020)

Example of using inclusive design - Applying the standards from ADA.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) What is ASD?

"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges. There is often nothing about how people with ASD look that sets them apart from other people, but people with ASD may communicate, interact, behave, and learn in ways that are different from most other people." (CDC, 2020)

Sensories to accommodate: Light – Install dimmers or use lamps with softer light. Avoid florescent lighting.

Acoustics – Absorb sound. Bookshelves, rugs, and window treatments may also reduce noise levels.

Color - Choose from neutrals or muted pastels. A soft color palette lends to a tranquil atmosphere.

Spatial Configuration – Clean and clutter free spaces are ideal for ASD individuals easily overwhelmed or that have a compulsive-like need for cleanliness.

Sensory Integration – Place to relax and self-regulate, creates opportunity to stimulate the senses with less anxiety.

Biophilic influence – Exposure to nature can impact humans.

(CDC, 2020)

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GEOGRAPHICAL APPROPRIATE MATERIALS Why is it important to buy local?

"by purchasing food and other goods that are produced locally, consumers help stimulate their regional economy, help create and retain valuable jobs, supports families, and strengthens community and culture" (Matin, 2021)

Why specify local materials?

"Using local materials has the obvious benefit of reducing the significant environmental impacts of transporting materials long distances. In the eyes of many, it has some less tangible benefits as well, such as encouraging vernacular building styles, supporting the local economy, and connecting users directly with the impacts of their choices." (Go Green, 2021)

What is Lubbock, TX's climate?

"Lubbock has a semi-arid climate with hot and mild winters. Lubbock is a windy city, winds can vary from a breeze to high winds that can produce dust storms. There are the most common during the winter and spring months."

(International Affairs, 2021)

What building materials are common in West Texas?

"A construction material is any material used in the construction industry. Examples: Concrete, cement, soil, stones, aggregates, plastics, and asphalt. The basic materials used in civil engineering applications or in

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construction projects are Wood. Cement and concrete." (Haseeb, 2019)

Materials for the Design-Build: Plastic Jars Shoe boxes Containers Cans Cardboard Gallon Jugs Plastic Soda Bottles Paper Bags Plastic Wrap Aluminum Foil

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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT Models

Sketches

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Detailed Sketches

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT The equipment must be displayed in a way that allows caregivers to always supervise, according to The Minimum Standards for Child-care Centers. This model allows supervision on the child at all times.

The overall design allows childern ages 2-6 to satisfy. Average height of a child is 3 feet.

Two-point Perspective

NOT TO SCALE

According to ADA Standards accesiblity for wheelchairs should allow a width of 36 inches and depth of 48 inches. This Design will accompany the inclusive aspect of this project.

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According to The Minimum Standards for Childcare Centers, it states that there should not be any sharp edges or objects within the play setting.

Natural and reused materials such as cardboard will not go againest this standard.

One-point Perspective

NOT TO SCALE

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Plain View Elevation 5'-0"

3.5'-0" 2.5'-0"

3'-0"

2'-0"

1.4'-0"

Above Elevation 1'-0"

6'-0"

2.5'-0"

2.5'-0"

Scale: 1/4 = 6" 1'-0"

1'-0" 4.5'-0" Scale: 1/4 = 6"

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3D Model Photos NOT TO SCALE NOTED SCALE: 0-2"=1'-0"

Front View

Above

Front/Side View

Back View

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DESIGN PHASE 4 Prototype

NOT TO SCALE NOTED SCALE: 1'-0" = 1'-0"

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Reflection I learned that through different methods on the application regarding ergonomics we can further benefit the overall aspect of structure setting in child's play. Using different materials can be influential to the design and how it would benefit the children, their behaviors, and location on mapping. Using smaller, more simplistic structures did not get as much interaction and attention as the structures that are more dynamic and intricate in design. Additionally, building a taller structure can be more eye-catching to the child. Thinking of design overall, I would say I do think of design differently. Initially did not think the children would benefit from my play setting at all. However, from observing and doing research about child domains and how certain criteria such as standards and codes needed to be followed, I think of design as a new exploration and interesting topic to have knowledge about especially considering the universal and inclusive design of design. Also, while constructing the children's play setting, something I would do differently is focus more on which aspects of the structure that would get the child's attention more effectively and efficiently while also including a more solid and sturdy material such as poster board this would oversee the physical contexts of the project. Ultimately, while discovering the comparisons from pre and post-behavior mapping I discovered that before on the behavior mapping the children were located all around the room. Once we added the children's play settings I discovered that they were more inclined to play with the new play setting structures in the room. While capturing the structural layout of the design while in a three-dimensional form it helped me achieve comprehensive knowledge about the design and how it should be constructed in a more in-depth perspective.

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5

4

BEHAVIOR MAP ROOM 116

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1

3

2

Behavior Mapping Analysis While sketching the behavior map and constructing the overall layout of the room, I started off by numbering each section and how the children interact with each area of the room in a counterclockwise manner. Recording the interactions and movement between the children.

The Pre-behavior mapping was being recorded strictly to observe the children and how they are active around the room and what activities they were drawn to. The post-behavior mapping was strictly considering the movement and the children's behaviors towards the new designs being implemented into the room.

PRE

Key

- Children's activity movement

5

1

- My play setting location - Classmates play setting location 1 - Food area, washing hands station

3

4

BEHAVIOR MAP ROOM 116

2

POST

2 - Building cubes and pillow area 3 - Puzzles, Books

5

1

4 - Playhouse 5 - Dress-up, Books

4

BEHAVIOR MAP ROOM 116

3

2

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REFERENCES

Author N/A. (2021). 6 Interior Design Tips for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Makers+Holm. https://www.makersandholm.com/blog/6-interior-design-tips-for-autism-spectrum-disorder

Author N/A. (2021). Benefits of Buying Locally. Go Green. http://gogreen.org/blog/the-enviornmental-benefits-of-buying-locally Author N/A. (2021). Lubbock Geography and Weather. International Affairs. Texas Tech University Home. https://www.depts.ttu.edu/international/ieem/studentlife/Lubbock-Geography-and-weather/index.php Author N/A. (2020). What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/facts.html#:~:text=Autism%20spectrum%20disorder%20%28ASD%29%20is%20a%20developmental%20disability,ways%2 0that%20are%20different%20from%20most%20other%20people.

Author N/A. (2020) The 7 principles. NDA. http://universaldesign.ie/What-is-Universal-Design/The-7-Principles/ Author N/A. (2010). 2020 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. Department of Justice. https://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAstandards.htm#c8 Author N/A (2021) Find family fun in friendly Lubbock, Texas. KOA. https://koa.com/blog/lubbock-texas/ Author N/A (2021) What Is Universal Design. DO-IT. www.washington.edu/doit/what-universal-design-0.

Author N/A (2021) What is Inclusive Design. Sensory Trust. https://www.sensorytrust.org.uk/resources/guidance/what-is-inclusive-design Haseeb, J. (2019). Engineering Materials. About Civil Engineering. https://www.aboutcivil.org/engineering-materials.html Malin, N. (2021). On Using Materials. Building Green. https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/using-local-materials Santrock, J. W. (2011). Life Span Development. McGraw Hill.

Swan, H. (2020). 7 Principles of Inclusive Design That Put People First. PEAT. https://www.peatworks.org/7-principles-of-inclusive-design-that-put-people-first/ Texas Health and Human Services. (2021). Minimum Standards for Child-Care Centers. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/doing-business-with-hhs/provider-portal/protective-services/ccl/min-standards/chapter-746centers.pdf U.S. Census Bureau (2019). American Community Survey 1-year estimates. Retrieved from Census Reporter Profile page for Lubbock, TX http://censusreporter.org/profiles/16000US4845000-lubbock-tx/ Wright, H. (2021, September 8). Social-Emotional development throughout childhood. Lecture in the Interior Design Studio II Room.

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