Centering Under the Canopy A Sports Medicine Clinic in a Soccer Academy Accra, Ghana Allison Kelly + Rachel Stagner
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Context and Site
Ghana is a western country of Africa situated on the Gulf on Guinea. The population of roughly 27 million people are kind, relaxed, and open. They are proud of their culture, and very much respect one another. Especially their children, and their elders. Ghana is a leading country in Africa because of its natural wealth and it was the first black African country south of the Sahara to achieve independence from colonial rule. Ghana is known for its lushes forests, and diversity in animal life. Ghana has a heavy dependency on its primary product exports: cocoa, gold, and timber. Accra is the largest city in Ghana with a population of 2.27 million people. It also acts as the administrative capital. Traditional architecture in sub-Saharan Africa is based around local materials consisting of wood, earth, and thatch. They are symbols of tradition, and sustainability. The overall structures are borrowed from the vernacular methods. Taking advantage of natural ventilation is key in this tropical climate, as well as shading, and rainwater harvesting. Some traditional construction methods include using sun-dried bricks, Atakpame walls, and Wattle and Daub techniques. The climate is tropical, therefore it is very hot and humid. Due to Accra being an equatorial city, you can expect long days, and a lot of sunshine with constant temperatures. After some research, it was clear that Accra is susceptible to becoming a food desert. The destruction of farmland, and the post harvest losses contribute to this. It is also clear that there is not a lot of support in regards to mental health. These are two topics we will dive into deeper, as they have been considered as the focus for our community outreach portion of our program.
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Context and Site
0 3
0.5
1.5
4.5mi
Climate
Temperature Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Min (F)
73
75
75
75
75
73
73
72
72
75
75
73
Max (F)
90
91
91
90
88
84
84
82
84
88
90
90
Precipitation Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Prec (in)
0.6
1.4
3
3.1
5.7
7.7
2
0.6
1.6
3.1
1.6
0.8
31.1
Days
1
2
5
5
9
11
5
3
5
7
3
2
58
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Hours
11:46
11:54
12:04
12:15
12:25
12:29
12:27
12:19
12:09
11:57
11:48
11:44
Sunshine
Sea Temperature Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Temp (F)
81
82
82
84
84
81
77
75
77
81
82
82
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
%
78
80
80
81
82
86
87
87
85
85
82
81
Humidity
4
Climate
MARCH
JUNE
DECEMBER
SEPTEMBER
5
GROCERY PHYSICAL THERAPY CLINIC PARK HOSPITAL MENTAL HEALTH
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Context
Context
When researching Accra, and all that it has to offer, it was important to understand the context around the site. After analyzing the context, it was decided that our community outreach would be geared towards food security, and or mental health. Food insecurity is an issue in Ghana, as Accra develops, it destroys farmland around the city, leaving it increasingly more vulnerable to food insecurity. Roughly 40% of their food budget is street food. Another reason food insecurity is an issue is because Ghana is attributable to a greater percentage of post harvest loss. There are not many psychiatrists in Ghana, in fact, there were only 18 to 25 psychiatrists as of 2018. Most of these psychiatrists are located in Accra, where they were in hospitals or specialized units. The lack of resources intrigues the idea to create community outreach opportunities to help the citizens of Ghana live healthier lifestyles, physically and mentally.
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Major Research Findings
Through research, it was very evident that mental health is not a main ficus in Ghana. The country does not have the resources to help everyone affected, hence the 98% treatment gap. Another driving factor in our design was the food insecurity surrounding Accra. A major point we found was that as the city develops, the more farmland in destroyed. The decision to keep most on the existing tree cover was influenced by this.
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Research
Ghana 0.0003%
Ghana 0.5% USA 5%
USA 30% WORLD’S PSYCHIATRISTS
WORLD POPULATION
Everyone Else 70%
Everyone Else 94.5%
IN GHANA 1 PSYCHIATRIST
1.5 MILLION PEOPLE
IN UNITED STATES 1 PSYCHIATRIST
TREATMENT GAP IN GHANA 98% of people do not recieve help when dealing with a mental illness
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6,250 PEOPLE
While Ghana does not struggle to produce their own food, Accra’s expansion as a city acts as a threat to available farmland. As the city expands, urban farming can act as a replacement for the lost farmland. While agriculture helps to feed people, the act of growing plants, and therefore one’s own food, is beneficial to mental health. By having daily exposure to green spaces, one’s mental health can improve.
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Research
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Bob Ditty https://www.archdaily.com/928402/mount-sinai-kyabirwa-surgical-facility-kliment-halsband-architects 12
Mount Sinai Kyabirwa Surgical Facility
Mount Sinai Kyabirwa Surgical Facility, Kliment Halsband Architects Located in Uganda, this facility uses a solar panel array as a larger canopy for the complex. This allows for shading, energy collection, and air circulation out of the canopy. The main courtyard provides a space for families to gather and wait; culturally, families will wait outside and together while someone is receiving a medical procedure. There are also more private waiting rooms that use a perforated brick to allow for natural ventilation. All of the brick used on this project was made locally with local labor and materials, helping to promote community wellbeing economically.
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Irene Librando, Nadia Peruggi, Lucile Bitz, Antonella Mennella https://www.archdaily.com/911206/kali-pavilion-irene-librando-and-nadia-peruggi 14
Kali Pavilion
Kali Pavilion, Irene Librando and Nadia Peruggi This classroom creates an intimate space that has thermal protection because of thick rammed earth walls, while allowing for air circulation through screened walls on the north and south walls. The roof is lifted from the walls to allow for hot air to escape outside. Students in the room stay cool and comfortable. The slatted wood screens are influenced by the design of kente cloth. Because of the use of local wood, the screens could be made nearby and avoid using imported materials. The use of local materials helps the project fit into the context, as well as take advantage of local labor to avoid outsourcing. By providing work to the community, new skills that were learned can be used on future projects.
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Midterm Design
Midterm Design Our initial design differs from our final design in a few ways. Our location was more publicly sited and included the main public entryway into the academy complex. We incorporated an integrated track on our second level; the public and private aspects of the building were more defined with a distinct cut off of access between student and community spaces. Our master plan focused on a closer relationship between the three buildings and the main game day field was located in the center of them all; this allows for students to always have their mind on the game.
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Centering Under the Canopy
Allison Kelly + Rachel Stagner
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Master Plan
Midterm Master Plan
Active + Public
Master Plan 18
Quiet + Private
0’
100’
200’
400’
800’
` 54
19
Canopy
Midterm Canopy Concept
Natural + Man-made
or
TRAINING
H+W
RESIDENCES
tree as transition
20
“canopy” as tree 6 21
Midterm Site Sections
Public Market
Public Field
Academy Field
Site Section, Northwest
Public Market
Main Field
Site Section, Center
Garden
Site Section, South 22
Agr
Active + Public
7
Centered + Academy Complex
8
ricultural Field
Private + Quiet 23
Program
Midterm Program
Wellness Building Lobby Reception Security Waiting Public Restrooms
200 200 870 80
200 200 870 160 1,430
185 185 185 160 490 5,650 2,780 3,850 865 815 880 1,251
740 740 185 320 490 5,650 2,780 3,850 865 815 880 1,250 17,685
600 235 255 600
1,200 235 255 600 2,290
80 1,755 6,575 160
160 1,755 6,575 960 13,655
Subtotal Gross-Up 30%
35,060 10,520
Sports Medicine Clinic Exam Rooms x4 Physician Office x4 Medical Supply Massage Therapy x2 Hydrotherapy Flex Area Indoor Track Outdoor Track Patient Locker Room Staff Locker and Break Informal Gathering Meditation Space Nutrition Kitchen Classroom x2 Cold Food Storage Dry Food Storage Wash + Waste Community Outreach Classroom x3 Outdoor Meeting Space Public Market Space Community Therapy x6
Total 45,580 24
11 25
Site Plan
Midterm Site Plan
Public Marketplace
Connection to Training
Main Field
Local Development of Site
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Connection to Residences 20’
40’
80’
160’
12 27
Floor Plans
Midterm First Floor
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
9
12
11
13
A B
2
UP
C
7
D E
1
G
4
7
5
UP
1 Flex Space
5 Hydrotherapy Pool
9 Community Classroom
13 Kitchen BOH
2 Staff Break
6 Public Restroom
10 Community Meeting
14 Food Storage
3 Student Lockers
7 Meditation Space
11 Community Marketplace
4 Massage Therapy
8 Lobby
12 Learning Kitchen
First Floor Plan
28
3
5
UP UP
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17
16
18 14
19
8 20
3
21
9
6
9 9
7
F
11
22
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12 12
24
13
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14
e
UP DN UP UP
I
H
J K
20’
40’
80’
160’
13 29
Midterm Second Floor
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
8 9
12 11
A B
DN
DN
C D DN
E UP DN
DN
DN
1 Running Track
5 Public Therapy Offices
2 Staff Offices
6 Public Therapy Room
3 Medical Supply Storage
7 Public Occupiable Roof
4 Exam Rooms, Student
Second Floor Plan
30
15
16
17 18
13
14
19
20 DN
21
N
UP
22
F G
23
24
DN
DN DN
DN
DN
I K
20’
40’
80’
H
J
160’
14 31
Midterm Elevations
Elevation
32
South Elevation
North Elevation
33
15
Midterm Sections
Public
Student Clinic
Student Clinic
34
Main Field East Facing Transverse Section
16
Lobby
Community Spaces
North Facing Longitudinal Section
35
Midterm Cooling System
Cooling System 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10 9
12 11
A B
DN
D
C D DN
E UP DN
DN
DN
Earth Tube Passive Cooling System
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15
16
17 18
13
14
19
20 DN
21
DN
UP
22
F G
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24
DN
DN DN
DN
DN
I K
H
J
Underneath the graded landscape, earth tubes will be laid out in order to cool air as it goes into the flex space, clinic rooms, and kitchens. The chimneys on top of these spaces create a heat suction that brings out the cooler air from the ground without using any outside energy. 37
Midterm Shadow Studies
Canopy Shadows
Shadow Study
Winter Solstice 19
38
Canopy Shadows
Shadow Study
Summer Solstice 20
39
Avonometric Wall Construction
Midterm Room Construction
Clinical Treatment Room
40
Solar Array Canopy
Concrete Occupiable Roof
Ventilation Chimney, glass with operable hatch to release hot air Rammed Earth Walls, 12� thick Translucent Glass Steel Bracing Wood Screen, for privacy and light filtration
21 41
Exterior Views
Midterm Render - Berm Approach
42
Ramp going up to viewing roof 22 43
Midterm Render - Community Gathering
44
Looking Northwest 23 45
Midterm Render - Community Market
Interior View
46
Student Clinic 47
24
Midterm Render - Berm Approach
48
Learning Kitchens and Community Gathering Space 25 49
Midterm - Model Photos
50
51
Program Lobby Reception 200 Security 200 Waiting 870 Public Restrooms 160 Sports Medicine Clinic
1,430
Exam Rooms x4 740 Physician Office x4 740 Medical Supply 185 Massage Therapy x2 320 Hydrotherapy 490 Flex Area 5,650 Indoor Track 2,780 Outdoor Track 3,850 Patient Locker Room 865 Staff Locker and Break 815 Informal Gathering 880 Meditation Space 1,250 17,685
Nutrition Kitchen Classroom x2 1,200 Cold Food Storage 235 Dry Food Storage 255 Wash + Waste 600 2,290 Community Outreach Classroom x3 160 Outdoor Meeting Space 1,755 Public Market Space 6,575 Community Therapy x6 960 13,655 Subtotal Gross-Up 30%
35,060 10,520
Total 45,580
52
Program
53
Design Thesis
We strive to create a net-zero project that will produce physically and mentally strong, educated students, while also supporting the surrounding community; by promoting comprehensive wellness, it is our hope to help educate students and the community on how to live healthier lifestyles with innovative and meaningful design.
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you r s lf e
cent er
Private
9
Community Therapy
Community Gathering
Nutrition
Sports Clinic
Flex Space
Active
Peaceful
Thesis
Public
10
Master Plan and Site Development
11
Master Plan and Site Development
Training Center
Active + Public
12
Residential Complex Health + Wellness Center
Terraced Agriculture
Quiet + Private
13
Zoning Plan
Commercial
School
14
Residential
15
Site Sections
STREET+ COMMUNITY MARKET
GAME DAY FIELD + STADIUM
HEALTH + WELLNESS CENTER
MEDITATION SPACE As the player moves through the site, the amount of space dedicated to nature increases. The progression of the site goes from active and soccer focused, to inwardly focused. Chaotic to serene.
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AG
M
/ PRACTICE FIELD
GRICULTURE FIELDS
17
Perspectives
18
19
Community Agriculture Fields
20
21
Public Approach
22
23
Community Health Clinic
24
25
Looking Toward Community Field
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27
Design Development
28
twist ends toward training center and residential
push down courtyards and breezeways
pull up land to building
lift canopy up over building
29
Floor Plans
11
6 5 4 8
3 7
1
First Floor Plan
70
7
2
14
16 18
12 15
17
13
10
9
1 Flex Space
10 Kitchen Classroom
2 Trainer Office
11 Public Market Space
3 Bathroom
12 Community Classrooms
4 Sports Therapy
13 Community Gathering
5 Hydro Therapy
14 Therapy Lobby
6 Student Lockers
15 Therapy Office
7 Staff Lockers
16 Group Therapy
8 Student Gathering
17 Individual Therapy
9 Running Track
18 Storage
71
Floor Plans
Shared
First Floor Zoning
72
Community
Academy
73
Floor Plans
UP
1
Second Floor Plan
74
2
1 Flex Space 2 Occupiable Roof
75
Shadow Studies
Summer Solstice 8am
Summer Solstice 12pm
Summer Solstice 4pm
76
Winter Solstice 8am
Winter Solstice 12pm
Winter Solstice 4pm
77
Sections
Cut Through Community Clinic
Cut Through Student Flex Space
78
79
Elevations
North-West Elevation Public Side
South-East Elevation Student Side
80
81
Elevations
South-East Elevation, Back of Community Kitchens This view shows the elevation within the berms surrounding the agriculture fields; the sliding screens here allow for occupants to control their interior thermal comfort.
82
83
Ventilation System
Our project uses natural ventilation in most of the spaces, with conditioned air used in the clinical spaces. The conditioned air is done through an earth tube system, where our berms are used to cover tubes that carry air from outside the spaces, and cool the air using the constant temperature of the earth. The air in the tubes in drawn in by suction forces due to hot air pulling out of the spaces through a chimney, and cool air being drawn in to replace that air.
84
Cooling System
Earth Tubes in Landscape
Southern Winds
Earth Tube Locations
Air Circulation
85
Life Safety Plan
Egress Plans
86
87
Structure Diagram
Looking North West
88
89
Wall Sections
In order to help explain the construction of our building, we have included cut views through the naturally ventilated community market space as well as the earth-tube-cooled clinic rooms.
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Solar Canopy Reinforced Concrete, Occupiable Roof Solar Chimney, Earth and Concrete
Reinforced Concrete Interior Walls Earth Tube Vent Rammed Earth Exterior Walls Openings for Natural Ventilation Concrete Foundation
Room Construction 91
Detailed Wall Sections
2
1
Community Market Section
92
5
4
3
93
Wall Details
Reinforced Concrete Lintel Rain Chain Operable Screen Reinforced Concrete Bond Beam Sliding Tracks
5” Rammed Earth 8” Reinforced Concrete Wall 18” Concrete Foundation
Water Collection 6” Reinforced Concrete slab 3“ Gravel Spread Footing
1 - Wall Foundation 94
Concrete Cap 5” Rammed Earth 8” Reinforced Concrete Wall
Scupper Rain Chain Sloped 6” Concete Slab Pavers Sleepers
2 - Roof Detail
95
Wall Details
Reinforced Concrete Column
Slab on Grade, Concrete, 6" Compact Gravel, 2"
Solid Block Wall, 6" Protection Board, 1 3/4"
Plain Concrete, 4" Reinforced Concrete Pile, Depth as Specified
3 - Canopy Column
96
Steel Branch Column, with Threaded Rod End
Threaded Connection Joint Threaded Rod Connection Plate, with Threaded Connection Nut Anchor Bolts, Cast -in -Place
Concrete Column, Reinforced
4 - Column Connection
97
Wall Details
4 - Space Frame Connections
98
Solar Panel Steel L Channel, with Clamp Connection Drainage Channel Rail with Conduit Steel Channel, 12" Threaded Rod Threaded Connection Joint Top Chord of Space Frame, Steel Tube with Threaded End Web, Steel Tube with Threaded End
Bottom Chord of Space Frame, Steel Tube with Threaded End Steel Branch Column, with Threaded End
99
Student Sports Clinic
100
101