THE EXPEDITION
1
THE EXPEDITION THE CONSERVATION MODEL FOR GALAPAGOS GIANT TORTOISES
Student
Allison Handan Chen
Supervisor
Sareh Moosavi University of Melbourne Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis Project
4
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Bachelor of Mass Communication Master of Landscape Architecture Nature Lover Spiritually Tropical Islander Scuba Diver
 
DEDICATION This Book is dedicated to my supervisor Sareh Moosavi, without you, I would not be where I am today. And many Thanks for Professor Jaime LĂłpez from Universidad San Francisco de Quito for giving me full supports throughout the time in Ecuador. To my parents, my fiancĂŠ, and all my family back in home, for being loving me beyond time and distance. To all my friends from my church Planetshakers, Mervyn Tan, Agnes Reyes, Elizabeth Ruach, Joey Ng Puiyee, Jeff Apriyanto Tanjaya, thanks for all the understanding, helps and encouragements you have shown me. Even sometimes, I had to delayed many responsibilities and catch ups because of spending too much time on this project. Thanks for you guys still love me. Thanks to my friends, Samahir Abdullah Tooqi ,Clara Yiqin Chen, Yanchen Zhao, Colin Haifan Chen, who have given me cares and supports through my whole master years. I do cherish all the talks we had and times we spend together. Dedicated to Galapagos, Ecuador, the place I loved and keeping invokes amazing images in my mind. And I also need to dedicated to my precious friends, Romina Delgado, Nicolas Bueno, who always stand by me and embrace me. Especially thanks to Jane Goodall, who even don`t know me, your documentaries and masterclasses have been greatly inspiring me and bought me to tears many times. You let me understand more about the earth and how much I love the animals. And I cannot wait to do more for them. Most importantly, this book is dedicated with greatest honor, to my God, Jesus.
CONTENTS
1.
A TOUCH OF GALAPAGOS
2.
WHY TORTOISES
10
10 1.1 Inspiration of the archipalego 1.2 Galapagos Site Visit Photography 12
17
2.1 Why study Galapagos Giant Tortoises 18 2.2 Galapagos Giant Tortoises Distribution 19 20 2.3 Migration and Precipitation 21
2.4 Behavior and Habitat
5.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE AND PRECEDENT STUDY 5.1 Theory - Adaptiev Circle 5.2 Theory - Citizen Sciense 5.3 Precedent - Conservation drone 5.4 Precedent - Datascape
42 43 44 45
41
6.
EARLY EXPLORATION
47
3.
UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT 3.1 History of the Galapagos 3.2 Study Focus 3.3 Tortoises and Island Habitat Zone 3.4 Tortoises migration Route 3.5 Issue Identification 3.6 Conservation situation
7.
DESIGN INTERVENTION 7.1 The Conservation Model 7.2 THE TRAIL 7.3 THE APP 7.4 STATIONS DETAIL DESIGN 7.5 Design summary
55
56 58 62 67
25 26 27 28 30 32
23
4.
CONSERVATION STUDY 4.1 TED study 4.2 conservation projects
8.
REFERENCE
90
36 39
35
1.
A TOUCH OF GALAPAGOS INSPIRATION OF THE ARCHIPALEGO
In this chapter, all photography took and edited by the author of this book, Allison Handan Chen Galapagos, this in the land evoke Charles Darwin`s images about evolutionary theory of natural selection. And this is also the place invoke this project. I was amazed by this mystery of this island, was amazing by all the details on this archipelago, from the leaf of Scalesia to skin of the Marine Iguana. This is a place give me so much than I expect. I cannot delay that my spirit is calling me to do something there, even if a little idea can help make the beauty of this place stay a little bit longer. That’s one of my dream! The beauty of this Archipelago is more than what photography can tell.
10
The highland of Santa Cruz
11
GALAPAGOS SITE VISIT PHOTOGRAPHY
The highland of Santa Cruz
12
ICONIC SPECIES OF GALAPAGOS
Galapagos Marine Iguana is enjoying sun basking. The one of only species live in the ocean.
Galapagos Giant Tortoise. Grooming in highland of Santa Cruz.
Galapagos sea lion using human infrastructure as playgroup. So called cutest sea puppy in the world.
13
Free dive into the Las Grietas in Santa Cruz. Observing the volcanic rocks on this unique canyon in the low land of Galapagos.
UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY
Water full of nutrients provide most ideal place for microorganism and algae species. It`s a very popular place for young marine iguanas having their feast.
14
ISLAND LIFE
A small fish market at Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz island. A women is feeding a hungry sea lion with some fish bone.
One of the busiest street in Santa Cruz island. Someone is driving a tortoise’s shape motorbike and stopping to purchase newspaper.
15
2.1 Why study Galapagos Giant Tortoises 2.2 Galapagos Giant Tortoises Distribution 2.3 Migration and Precipitation 2.4 Behavior and Habitat 16
2.
WHY TORTOISES?
17
WHY GALAPAGOS GIANT TORTOISES Galapagos giant tortoises Chelonoidis porteri Galapagos Giant tortoise. It known as ecosystem engineers by modifying habitats through grazing, seed dispersal, trampling.1 And these activities have huge impact on nutrient cycling and recreation of canopy opening for light dependent plant species.2
Losing of galapagos Tortoises cause，Declin ing or changing of freshwater wetlands and native biodiversity they support, and can cause changing of hydrological function. 3
© Catherine Rouse
Footnotes:
1. ‘Ecology and habitat’, Discover Galapagos, viewed at 8 Aug 2017. http://www.discoveringgalapagos.org.uk/discover/life-on-the-islands/ecology-and-habitats/population-ecology-biodiversity-ecosystem-health/ 2. ‘Chelonoidis porteri’, Charles Darwin Foundation Checklists, viewd at 8 Aug 2017, http://darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/18498/ 3. ‘Giant tortoises’, Galapagos conservancy, viewed at 8 Aug 2017, https://www.galapagos.org/about_galapagos/about-galapagos/biodiversity/tortoises/
18
3. ‘Giant tortoises’, Galapagos conservancy, viewed at 8 Aug 2017, https://www.galapagos.org/about_galapagos/about-galapagos/biodiversity/tortoises/
GALAPAGOS TORTOISE DISTRIBUTION 1
2
3
Island: Isabela Volcano Sierra Negra Subspecies: Guntheri
Island: Santa Cruz Subspecies: Porteri
Island: Santiago Subspecies: Darwini
4
Island: Isabela Volcano Cerro Azul Subspecies: Vicnia
5
Island: Isabela Volcano Darwin Subspecies: Microphyes
9 5
1 2
8 6
3
10
4
7
6
7
8
9
10
Island: Pinzon
Island: Espanola
Island: Isabela Vocano Alcedo
Island: Isabela volcano Wolf
Island: ISan Cristobal
Subspecies: Ephippium
Subspecies: Hoodensis
Subspecies: Vandenburghi
Subspecies: Becki
Subspecies: Chathamensis
source：Biology letters, http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org
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MIGRATION AND PRECIPITATION MOVING CALENDAR DRY SEASON
WARM SEASON
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC MOVING TO LOWLAND/COASTAL
MOVING TO HIGHLAND
MOVING TO LOWLAND/COASTAL
PEAK BREEDING SEASON
FEMALE NESTING SEASON - TOWARD COASTAL DIRECTION FEMALE HATCHING SEASON
FEMALE HATCHING SEASON
PRECIPITATION 55.8 51.3 24.6 1.7
1.7
rain(mm) JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
0.3
JUN
0.1
JUL
0.3
0.6
0.2
AUG
SEP
OCT
1
NOV
1.9
DEC © Catherine Rouse
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BEHAVIOR AND HABITAT
FORAGING
RESTING
BREEDING
Areas with grasses and plants
all areas with moisture and muddy spots
all areas
NESTING
HATCHING
coastal area with sandy dry conditions
coastal area with sandy dry conditions
MIGRATION from highland to lowland 21
3.1 History of the Galapagos 3.2 Study Focus 3.3 Tortoises and Island Habitat Zone 3.4 Tortoises migration Route 3.5 Issue Identification 3.6 Conservation situation
22
3.
UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT
23
THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
EQUATOR
24
The Galรกpagos Islands are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed on either side of the Equator in the Pacific Ocean. It located 906 km west of continental Ecuador
HISTORY OF THE GALAPAGOS
ACCIDENTLY DISCOVERD 1535
AGRICULTURE SETTLEMENTS 1800 GOLD AGE OF PIRATE -1650
CHARLES DARWIN GROUNDBREAKING VOYAGE 1835
CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION 1934
FIRST NATIONAL PARK 1960
EXTINCTION OF PINTA ISLAND TORTOISE
4 MILLION YEARS AGO
- 4 millions yrs
1535
1650
1800
1835
FIRST PERSON MADE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN GALAPAGOPS
1934
1960
2012
INTERESTS ABOUT THIS ISLAND HAS RANGED FROM PURELY MYTHICAL TO WHOLLY SCIENTIFIC
25
STUDY FOCUS GALAPAGOS GIANT TORTOISES MIGRATION ROUTE
Highland of Santa Cruz
MIGRATION ROUTE CONTOUR LINES TORTOISE MIGRANTION ROUTE-LUCY
26
My study focus is the Migration route of tortoises. As it's the most important anual activity for this species and its also facing increasing disturbance of anthropogenic impacts along the journy.
ISLAND HABITAT ZONE AND TORTOISES ROUTE TORTOISES MIGRATION ROUTE
ELEVATION (m)
>800m
800 600 400 200
W&N
S&E
0 HUMID ZONE
ARID ZONE
TRANSITION ZONE
ARID ZONE
COASTAL ZONE
ISLAND MAIN HABITAT ZONE
COASTAL ZONE
Mixed Arid Zone
Arid area of palo santo
Humid zone of Scalesia
Humizone of Miconia
Dry and herbaceous arid zone
Arid zone with Opuntia
Coastal dry zone of shrub and herbaceous vegetation
INTRODUCED SPECIES
SUB HABITAT ZONE
Beach Lava Mangrove
Zone with invasive species
Wet agricultural area with introduced species
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OCT NOV DEC Jan
MIGRATION ROUTE
SEP
CONTOUR LINES TORTOISE MIGRANTION ROUTE-LUCY
Almost four months under disturbance of invasive species
Fast moving activity Travelling more than 3km in one month
Feb
AUG MAR
Numbers of stops
APR MAY JUN
400 200 100
JUL
28
50
Hatching area Non-natural habitat
0
500
1000m m
GALAPAGOS TORTOISES MIGRATION ROUTE 2016
This is one of the main migration route of Tortoises in2016. This tortoise stays in the low land area during wet season for hatching, and migrate 10 km to the high land during the dry season for better food resource. More than 6 months of a year, she had been travelling through those areas disturbed by human activities.  
29
LOCATION IDENTIFICATION
PASTURE AREA INVASIVE BERRY INVASIVE CEDRO TREE INVASIVE GUAYABA SECONDARY ROAD MAIN ROAD TORTOISE MIGRANTION ROUTE-LUCY
0
500
1000 m
GUAVA AREA
30
CEDRO TREE AREA
PASTURE LAND
AGRICULTURE LAND
ISSUES IDENTIFICATION
GUAVA AREA
CEDRO TREE AREA
Guava is a fast growing specie, it invades the land with an unpredictable way. and the fruits of it changed tortoise diets.
Since the colonization of Cedro trees in the highland, the supporting species have been changed a lot. The 20m height space support many birds and fungi species and contain so much inform about the changing of the micro habitat.
PASTURE LAND Endemic scalesia forest had been used for pasture industry. Tortoises losing the thermal refuges for cooling down, many of them facing overheating problem.
AGRICULTURE LAND the heights and orientation of the cultivation directly influence migration. The unorganized plantations confused the tortoise navigation. Dramatically extend the passing time, then increasing the overheating risk of tortoises.
31
CONSERVATION SITUATION DISCONNECTION SCIENTISTS
CONSERVATION
VISITORS
32
LOCAL FARMER
THE VISION
SCIENTISTS
SCIENTISTS
Scientists have been recognized the only type can contribute to the local conservation. However, traditional tracking research is very costly and low efficient.
VISITORS Because of lacking farming and conservation knowledge, improper highland farm causes a series of problem to the ecosystem. Crazy growing blackberry is one of the example.
LOCAL FARMER
RECONNECTION
MUTUAL INTERACTION
VISITORS
CONSERVATION LOCAL FARMER
Also, visitors have always been recognized as a negative impact to the biodiversity and no contribute to conservation.
33
4.1 TED x Conservation 4.2 conservation projects
34
4.
CONSERVATION STUDY
35
TED x CONSERVATION
TED talks is a great way to start learn a new filed and subject. So different from most of online resource, TED talks have been sharing most updated ideas and approaches about the conservation. Conservation is not only relevant to scientists, biologists, and professional conservationists. All the fields can actually do the more things, multidisciplinary knowledge become more powerful than we thought.
36
Brenda`s talk really stir my mind through my project and really inspire me how technology can transfer the way we think about conservation. We are now live in a hyper connected age with countless technologies. What we can do to connect conservation with people by using technology?1 As conservation is not only about the actual works, it is also about build the understandings of conservation among society and people. It can be about establishing a new conversation what is the beauty of nature and why we should protect it. Let people hearing the sounds of nature, let community know how much value they can do for the next generation to still have the chance experiencing the awe of this world. These are all essential to conservation.
‘Leverage Connectivity for Wildlife’ Brenda Dennis | TEDxZumbroRiver
Footnotes: 1. Leverage Connectivity for Wildlife | Brenda Dennis | TEDxZumbroRiver, ‘TED TALKS’, last viewed at 05Aug2017, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=z4POObqmbzA&t=45s
In a traditional conservation perspective, animals and natures are supposed to be separated from Human and anthropology. There is a fence for keeping minimal influence to the protected species. However, as increasing human interventions starting to participate into ecological process and conservation. The efforts of Hands-off animal centric approach became very limited. Even can cause contradictory results. Melanie talks about one important concepts about endanger species conservation based on economic value. In her speech at TED&OU, she talked about an interesting idea about putting benefit to human at first before any conservation actions, we can protect more animals.2 Even Melanie`s position cannot speak to all the conservations projects, it does works really well in many developing countries. It rebuilds the relationship between the community who actually impact on land and the animals need conservation work.
‘Unintuitive conservation tactics to save endangered species and economies’
Melanie Maguire | TEDxOU
2. ‘Unintuitive conservation tactics to save endangered species and economies: Melanie Maguire at TEDxOU’, TED Talk, last viewed at 05Aug2017, https://www.ted.com/playlists/171/the_most_popular_talks_of_all?gclid=CjwKCAiA0IXQBRA2EiwAMODil0h8AlW3NWutqNaWNRIS5LLwOXmAnvP5wXM1k_NBMh5V_rnu-ce_cxoCyBkQAvD_BwE
37
ZIMBABWE CAMPFIRE PROJECT
‘Unintuitive conservation tactics to save endangered species and economies’ There is a project called Campfire in Zimbabwe gives me a basic idea of how this concept works. A large amount of animals was suffering from a high level of illegal poaching.1 And the government cannot provide enough guards and professionals to monitor poach.2 First, government grant the ownership rights of land to the communities who lives there.3 Then, they give the communities rights to sell limited hunting permits and also licensed safari tour.4 Campfire Zimbabwe works with locals to teach them how to protect land and make sustainable living. It is a concept actually gave animal the economic value. By sacrifice a limited hunting number actually give the community a long term benefits and also support conservation actions.
Origin: Zimbabwe What they do: Institutional development, Law enforcement, Contracting and monitoring of commercial activities, managing human-wildlife conflict, Fire management, counting wildlife and quota setting. Footnote: 1. ‘Unintuitive conservation tactics to save endangered species and economies: Melanie Maguire at TEDxOU’, TED Talk, last viewed at 05Aug2017, https://www.ted.com/playlists/171/the_most_popular_talks_of_all?gclid=CjwKCAiA0IXQBRA2EiwAMODil0h8AlW3NWutqNaWNRIS5LLwOXmAnvP5wXM1k_NBMh5V_rnu-ce_cxoCyBkQAvD_BwE 2.Ibid 3.Ibid 4.Ibid
38
With a hydrophone under the boat, the whale sounds, squeaks, groans, whistles, the breaching, slamming down, all those sound picked by the hydrophone phone transferred over Bluetooth, then transfer to sub pack wear by students.5 Then all the deaf students get a tactile experience. They feel the vibration; they feel the sound.
THE MUSE SEEK PROJECT
Origin: United Nations What they do: Innovating education for Deaf Children. An Audio to tactile Experience.
Footnotes: 5. Leverage Connectivity for Wildlife | Brenda Dennis | TEDxZumbroRiver, ‘TED TALKS’, last viewed at 05Aug2017, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=z4POObqmbzA&t=45s
CONSERVATION PROJECT
Conservations should not be limited by locations and distance, even not sensations. Breeding and captivity represent a traditional way for animal protecting. How about the relationships between human and animals? There should not be a fence, there is greatly potentials for breaking down the fences, but to bring more understanding and connection with scientific considerations. Technologies have been so powerful to bring the conservation to another level.
39
5.1 Theory - Adaptiev Circle 5.2 Theory - Citizen Sciense 5.3 Precedent - Conservation drone 5.4 Precedent - Datascape
40
5.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE AND PRECEDENT STUDY
41
THEORY UNDERSTANDING SITE
ADAPTIVE CIRCLE
KEY WORD OF THEORY Ecology as a dynamic process
DESCRIPTION reorganization
conservation
The theory of the adaptive cycle comes from the study of the dynamics of ecosystems. 1 Different from traditional ecology study, adaptive cycle focus on the changing process. Theory of Adaptive circle gives me a new perspective about conservation. The way to engaging with the system is not about response to a single point, but to involve with the whole system.
Recognize the phase of a system
A point or a process?
growth
footnote: 1. ‘Adaptive Cycle’, Resilience Alliance, last viewed at 5 Nov 2017, https://www.resalliance.org/adaptive-cycle
42
release
THEORY
APPLYING THEORY
CITIZEN SCIENCE
DESCRIPTION
KEY WORD OF THEORY Public engagement in scientific research activities
Citizen Science. also known as crowd science, crowd-sourced science, civic science, volunteer monitoring or networked science. 1
Theory of Citizen science also give me the idea of new way of conservation. It is a strong strategy about how to encouraging as possible as footprints into conservation.
Open network
Photo: BirdLife Australia
Citizen actively contribute to science
Footnote: 1.‘Citizen science’ Wikipedia. last viewed at 5 Nov 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_science
43
PRECEDENT STUDY
CONSERVATION DRONE.ORG Suriname forest monitoring program
DESCRIPTION
USING OF CONSERVATION DRONE Identify wildlife
Not only as a technology, drones have been using for different scale of scientific research and conservation. It has been using for getting requested resource and also monitoring human impact in the target areas.
collecting data Seeding tools
landscape management tools
@Suriname forest monitoring program
44
DATA SCAPE Synthetic Urban Ecologies Studio, 2013
APPROACHES OF PROJECT
DESCRIPTION
Visualize the environment
And Dataspace set a brand new view to warding a new relationship between the data landscape and citizen daily life. The virtual landscape translate real time data to the visualized information, and also stimulate the sensation of the community towards their daily living environment. 1
Monitor air quality
Provide travel advice
Resource of research
@Synthetic Urban Ecologies Studio, 2013
1. ‘Datascape’, Responsive landscape, last viewed at 5 Nov 2017, http://responsivelandscapes.com/2013/12/07/datascape-2/
45
46
6.
EARLY EXPLORATION
47
Because of times and another limitation, many ideas and approaches from this chapter have not been developed completely. However, many of them still got potential and may inspire other people even me in the later.
48
INVASIVE FOOD ENCOURAGE CROSSING
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE INVASIVE CEDRO TREE
The temperature change around road infrastructure disturbance and slow down the natural migration process.
Sharp edge
thermal climate change
Lacking buffer zone
INVASIVE BERRY
Cedro Tree forest TORTOISE MIGRANTION ROUTE-LUCY
Berries
The movement of tortoises lead by the thermal condition, as a cold-blooded reptile. The behaviors depends on the ambient temperature.
THE ROAD HAS BEEN USING FOR THEMOREGULATION juvenile are especially vulnerable in this environment as smaller bodymass
Various food choice even encourage the road crossing movement of tortoises.
49
Clearing invasive vegetation
Creating Buffer zone
Thermal regualtion burrow increasing the attractiveness of buffer zone Native Volcanic rocks paving for Basking
Allowing attention from distance
>2M
50
4.8M
>2M
PASTURE AREA The main threat in pasture area is the tortoises get trapped inside of fenced area. Lower vegetation cannot offering thermal refugee then increasing overheating possibilities.
1.Gaps of the fence should be designed allowing passing of tortoises.
2.Food and habitats attraction outside of the fenced pasture area.
3. Different gaps consideration in terms of different size of goats. WIDTH
HEIGHT
200 CM 110 CM
150 CM 100 CM 50 CM 0 CM Width of tortoise is generally wider than goats
Gaps on the fence should reach 110cm for allowing tortoises passing throught COW AND CATTLE
GOAT
Burrows for thermal regulation.
Using native shrubs for food resource.
Allowing Juveniles passing
Endemic tree species for thermal refugia.
51
5 Farmland point FARM LAND
4 pasture point invasive cedro tree points
3 Guayaba
Cedro tree
2
1
invasive Guava Guayaba
Berry
1 invasive Berry
2
3
4
invasive Guava
invasive cedro tree points
pasture point
invasive Berry
5 Farmland point
tree top research station High view point OBSERVATION PLATFORM ELEVATED TRAIL
berry picking
guava picking
NOT IN SCALE
UNDERGROUND SOIL AND ROCK OBSERVATION
52
TORTOISE AND INVASIVE ANIMAL OBSERVATION
USING OF THERMAL CAMERA TRANSLATING THE LANDSCAPE 1
APPLYING THERMAL CAMERAS ON THE TRAILS expedition trail covered by thermal sensors and cameras for recording thermal data
As a real time technology, it translate invisible story to readable graphic, everyone then have the chance to know whats actually happening in the environment around them
2 By accessing thermal images with smart phone
Farmland point FARM LAND
pasture point invasive cedro tree points
3
Guayaba
Reading the story of the landscape
Cedro tree
invasive Guava Guayaba
invasive Berry
coverage of thermal camera on trail plan
image resource: thermoteknix
53
7.1 THE CONSERVATION MODEL 7.2 THE TRAIL 7.3 THE APP 7.4 STATIONS DETAIL DESIGN
54
7.
DESIGN INTERVENTION
55
7.1
THE CONSERVATION MODEL The first part of the design is developing a model of conservation. A model drives from a physical space, to warding a virtual space can store all valued information. This conservation model comes with three part. The CloudA virtual platform for data storage. All information can be use and categorize and value by scientist and people doing who doing the research. The APPA mobile application, provide channel for data transfer, and also a tool to guide user through the whole board walking. The Trail-- As a board walking in the land. A physical structure that use landscape as natural resource offer the opportunities for ecological observation and data collecting.
56
THE CONSERVATION MODEL The Cloud CONSERVATION CLOUD
GALAPAGOS CONSERVATION
Invasive species growing condition
Humidity levels
Introduced pasture animals
Populations prediction
Populations prediction
Temperature & Microclimate
Fruits quality
Ground species
Tortoises thermal refuges
Relevant reptiles
Bird species
Endemic Flora
Soil condition
Relevant reptiles
OVERSEA RESEARCH STATION
Farming products
Farming monitoring
Fungus and lichens
The App THE CONSERVATION TOOL
Tortoise facts
Reporting Invasive species
Thermal image
checklists
Rating habitat
The Trail THE STORY TELLING STRUCTURE
57
7.2
THE TRAIL For the trail design Using Four identified spots as stations. Each of them representative a story about tortoise’s conservation, carry all valuable information essential to conservation. Connecting those four stations with an elevated walking trail, Around 4km, walking could be finish from 1-3hour. trail is graded into four gradients has different level of physical activities. Resting and basic infra will be provide. Except Tortoises as the most iconic species could be observed during the whole trail, a large amount of it supporting species can be observed as well. All of these are strongly relevant to tortoise population and can indicate health condition of ecosystem.  
58
THE EXPEDITION TRAIL DESIGN STATION AND STORY STORY OF INVASIVE FLORA
STORY OF INVASIVE FOOD RESOURCE
STORY OF HIGHLAND PASTURE
STOEY OF HIGHLAND FARMING
STARTING POINTS
59
THE EXPEDITION TRAIL DESIGN LANDSCAPE AND TRAIL
740m
590m
386m
589m
RESTING INFRASTRUCTURE OVERNIGHT CAMPING SPOT
TRAIL GRADING
60
FITNESS LEVEL
EVERYONE WITH GOOD HEALTH CONDITION
EVERYONE WITH GOOD HEALTH CONDITION
A GOOD STANDARD OF FITNESS
A HIGH STANDARD OF FITNESS
TRAIL GRADIENT
5%
5-8%
15%
20%
SPECIES LEGEND
VU
Galapagos Hawk
VU
Galapagos land iguana
THE EXPEDITION TRAIL DESIGN ENCOUNTER SPECIES
Buteo galapagoensis
Conolophus subcristatus
NT
Lava lizard Microlophus albemarlensis
ED
Galรกpagos racer Pseudalsophis biserialis
Galapagso racer Alsophis sp.
Galapagos Mockingbird
LC
Mimus parvulus
LC
Flycatcher
LC
Ground finch
Myiarchus magnirostris
Geospiza fortis
NT
Galapagos Gecko Phyllodactylus galapagensis
CE
Waved Albatross Phoebastria irrorata
Galapagos Butterfly Leptotes parrhasioides
INTRODUCED SPECIES Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
Milking and Cattle Goat Rat CE
Critically endangered
LC
Least concern
VU
Vulnerable
NT
Nearly Threathen
ED
Endangered
PASTURE STATION
FARMLAND STATION
CEDRO FOREST STATION
TRAIL GUAVA STATION
61
7.3
THE APP DESIGN
62
THE EXPEDITION APP 1
HOME SCREEN
THE EXPEDITION
START YOUR EXPEDITION
CUSTOMISE ROUTE
REPORT IVASIVE SPECIES
SPECIES CHECKLIST
ADD OBSERVATION PHOTOGRAPHY
TRACT NEARBY TORTOISE
63
THE EXPEDITION APP 2
APP FEATURES
UPLOAD OBSERVATION PHOTOGRAPHY
UPDATING OBSERVATION PHOTOGRAPHY
64
CUSTOMIZE YOUR OWN TRAIL
SELECTING SPECIES YOU WANNA OBSERVE/ SELECTING PREFERED FITNESS LEVEL
REPORT
INVASIVE SPECIES
QUICK REPORT INVASIVE SPECIE YOU SEE DURING OBSERVATION BY
THE EXPEDITION APP 3
USING OF MAIN FEATURES
Don`t lose any chance to observe the tortoises nearby by turn on the ‘Tract nearby tortoises’
THE EXPEDITION
START YOUR EXPEDITION
CUSTOMISE ROUTE
REPORT IVASIVE SPECIES
SPECIES CHECKLIST
ADD OBSERVATION PHOTOGRAPHY
TRACT NEARBY TORTOISE
1
sensors find the movement of the tortoises around the trail area
2
Notification appear in the APP
3
Visitors can take pictures and then upload to the platform
65
THE EXPEDITION APP 3
USING OF MAIN FEATURES
THE EXPEDITION One of the very important function is REPORT. Immediately report the any invasive species they found give the research institution respond to emergent situation.
1
START YOUR EXPEDITION
CUSTOMISE ROUTE
REPORT IVASIVE SPECIES
SPECIES CHECKLIST
ADD OBSERVATION PHOTOGRAPHY
TRACT NEARBY TORTOISE
3
2
Guayaba Reporting for occurrence of any invasive specie
66
rangers, scientists, get instant notification
Quick response
7.4
STATIONS DETAIL DESIGN
67
GUAVA STATION
STORY OF INVASIVE FOOD RESOURCE
UNPREDICTABLE OF SPECIES GROWING
TRAIL
GUAVA STATION
CHANGING OF TORTOISES FOOD RESOURCE HIGH COST OF VEGETATION CLEARING
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The first station- Guava station. Guava is a fast growing specie, it invades the land with an unpredictable way. and the fruits of it changed tortoise diets. The purpose of this station’s design is encouraging visitors to contribute to the species monitoring process. A trail in this area is designed a wavy shape, it provides 4 dimensions of observation. View desk can get the panoramic view. A higher point gets contact with the fruits, a shaded structure for viewing the canopy and branch, A place have the chance to observe the subspecies underneath. All those images will be helpful to predict species populations, light condition, and quality of fruit.
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GUAVA STATION OBSERVATION TRAIL DESIGN HANDRAIL
C D
B
B B
C A TRAIL
ENTRANCE / EXIT ALTERNATIVE TRIAL
ENTRANCE / EXIT
SUPPORTING COLLUM
GUAVA GROWING AREA
GUAVA
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OBSERVATION ACTIVITIES & INFORMATION COLLECTING SPACE
A
B
C
D
BEHAVIOURS
PHOTO FOR DATA COLLECTION
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HEMISPHERIC LENSE
HEMISPHERIC PHOTOGRAPHY
INVASIVE TREE AS MATERIALS
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SECTION
GUAVA CANOPY
GUAVA FRUITS
250CM
SHADED SPECIES
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CEDRO TREE STATION Supporting specie decling Mircro habitat decling Tortoise habitat change
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STORY OF INVASIVE FLORA
TRAIL
CEDRO FOREST STATION
After another 400m walk, it’s cedro tree station. Since the colonization of them in the highland, the supporting species have been changed a lot. The 20m height space support many birds and fungi species and contain so much inform about the changing of the micro habitat. The design purpose at this station is using cedro tree as a natural library, collecting information through different elevation. Based on cedro trees habitats. The walking trail offer 4 platforms at 3 elevations. From ground to 3m, people has opportunities get closer to the subspecies Between 7- 13m can observe lichens, fungi growing area and from 15- 20m it will be birds habitat.
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STORY OF INVASIVE FLORA
20m
Canopy supoporting species observation Branches Birds habitats
15m
13m
Lichens Micro scale observation 7m
4m
Tortoise habitat monitoring
Sub-species
0m
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Bird and tree branch observation
BIODIVERSITY
lichens & Fungi observation
HUMIDITY LEVEL
Resting platform
Sub species observation
HABITAT MONITORING
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CEDRO TREE STATION DETAILS
Size of the stairs
Supporting Structure
Sized up stairs will be apply when it reach platform level, which creates buffer zone allowing people have more comfortable space passing through
Steel structure attached to the main supporting columns.
Space for trees growing
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PASTURE AREA STATION
STORY OF HIGHLAND PASTURE
TRAIL
LOSING OF ENDEMIC FLORA LOSING OF THERMAL REFUGES FOR TORTOISE
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After 500m walk. It the pasture station. Endemic scalesia forest had been used for pasture industry. Tortoises losing the thermal refuges for cooling down, many of them facing overheating problem. The pasture station is designed for creating thermal refuges for tortoises. By bring back the native plants were thriving there. The orientation and shape of the walking trail in this area is based on the tortoise migration direction and maximizing the encounter opportunities to provide most shading chance. Paving can engage with sensation. Part of the trail in this station going to paved by Thermochromic Glass. Thermochromic materials response to changing heat condition. It translates the heat condition into visible pattern instantly. It reveals to the visitor the story of the endemic vegetation and the importance of the microhabitat it provides.
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PASTURE AREA STATION
STORY OF HIGHLAND PASTURE
DESIGN PROCESS
Identify orientation
From point to route
Increasing contact opportunities
Forming a more effective space
CONNECT WITH MAIN TRAIL
Zanthoxylum fagara Cat's claw
Gossypium darwinii Galรกpagos cotton plant
Miconia robinsoniana Cogn. Miconia
Scalesia pedunculata CONNECT WITH MAIN TRAIL
Scalesia
Passiflora colinvauxii Passiflora
Pteridium arachnoideum Tournefortia rufo-sericea Bracken Fern
Rufous-haired tournefortia
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History of island habitat
Description of the tortoise thermal regulation
Santa Cruz has some of the most varied landscape in galapagos. In contrast to the low elevation area. The highlands are often shrouded in mist, offering abundant of habitat for many land animals and plants. As the ideal moisture level in highland, many of the scalesia forest had been used for pasture industry. The increasing demands about meats and dairy product have been cause the increasing consume of the natural habitat. Highland nature habitat start to change. Invasive animals cause huge problems for tortoises conservation and also affects many animals live in highland. Goats and rats largely consumed tortoises food resource. Eggs have been eaten. Hatching place have been destroyed by large animals trampling.
The standard tortoise thermal regulation is install with the handrail for visitors to read and compare with the real time condition.
Thermochromic Glass Thermochromic materials response to changing heat condition. It translate the heat condition and microhabitat into visible pattern.
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FARMLAND STATION
TRAIL
STORY OF HIGHLAND FARMING
CONFLICS BETWEEN TORTOISE WITH HIGHLAND FARMERS Cultivation destroy Navigation disturbance LACKING STUDY AND MONITOTING OF SOIL CONDITION AND FARMING ACTIVITIES
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Agriculture wasn’t seen well in the old time by the conservation factor due to it brings many invasive species. The Scalesia forest have been eliminated from highland of Santa cruz, replaced by invasive blackberry and guavas. Controlling the invasive species by hand is a costly and never ending battle for conservationists. Sustainable farming in the highland of Santa Cruz is the must for the future of this island. Shade-grown coffee offer a new way of cut the use of unsustainable farming practices, it helping to restore forests, attracting birds, small reptiles, insects and plants back to the their home.  
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FARMLAND STATION DESIGN CULTIVATION PLANNING
CULTIVATION ORIENTATION ADVICE General orientation should be follow southwest to northeast orientation, minimizing nagevation disturbance to tortoises.
ORIENTATION OF CULTIVATION According to the data, tortoises spend a very long time in this area, and the routes shows in complex trends.
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FARMLAND STATION DESIGN LANDFORM MANUPULATION
USING LANDFORM AS NATURAL FENCE
Not efficient physical fence
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Using Haha as a natural boundary
Underground observation and research space
FARMLAND STATION DESIGN
CULTIVATION
UNDERGROUND OBSERVATION SPACE
The Haha
Handrial
EXIT CONNECT TO THE FARMLAND
TOP SOIL OBSERVATION SPACE
ENTER WITH STAIRS FROM MAIN TRAIL
GLASS
RESEARCH ROOM
STUDY & LEARNING ROOM
STAIRS
CONCRETE PAVING
COMMUNICATION SPACE
OBSERVATION SPACE
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