BIOMES OF THE W0RLD INDEX: 1.Hot Climates: Natural landscapes. Equatorial rainforest. Tropical rainforest Savanna Hot desert
2.Temperate Climates: Natural Landscapes. Mediterranean scrubland Humid sub-tropical forest Deciduous forest Coniferous forest or taiga
3.Cold Climates: Natural Landscapes. Tundra Alpine
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD HOT CLIMATES
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD EQUATORIAL RAINFOREST
VEGETATION Mahogany ( caoba) cacao tree Ebony, teak tree Palm Rubber tree banana The vegetation in the rainforest forms four layers: Emergent, Canopy, Under-canopy and Shrub layer.
Animals A huge numbers of animals live in An equatorial climate rainforests, including microscopic A hot climate. animals, invertebrates (like insects Tropical rainforest are located in a narrow and worms), fish, reptiles, amphibiband around the Equator.. ans, birds, and mammals: A typical equatorial climate is hot, wet and Apes, alligators humid all year round. Parrots It has no seasons. Sloths Soil is nutrient-poor and acidic Jaguars Average Temperature: 25ºC Pythons Total annual Rainfall:2+ 1500mm
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Equatorial Rainforest climatic data. UAUPÉS, AMAZONAS. Height: 90 meters JAN
Latitude: 6S
Longitude: 67W
FEB
MAR APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
total
C 25
25
25
25
25
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
24
mm 277
241
261
276
309
260
243
200
172
171
198
280
2886
Another example: Singapore, (Malaysia): 1º 22’ N 103º 45’E Total annual rainfall: 2415mm Average temperatura 26º C
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Equatorial Rainforest climatic data. Pay attention to these data, they belong to an equatorial climate, but they are altered by height. QUITO-OBSERVATORIO- Altitude: 2.850 mt . 0.22째S 78.50째W Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
째C
13.6
13.4
13.6
13.5
mm
89.5
134.8
148.0
165.4
May
Jun
Jul
13.8
13.4
13.6
109.9
49.3
28.7
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
13.7
13.7
13.2
13.1
13.4
13.5
34.6
83.7
134.7
99.2
93.9
1172. 3
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Vegetation Less variaty of vegetation than in the equatorial rainfores. Trees are not so tall or close together. There are species of tropical tres and plants : ferns, laurels, mixed with others from temperate zones, such as oaks and palms. Monsoon forest: Teak.
Tropical Rainforest
Monsoon climate has torrential rainfall from June to September.
These are located to the north and south of the Equator, but further away tan the equatorial rainforest.
Fauna Monkeys,
Closest to the Equator, there is aperiod of intense rain. Further away, there are two rainy season adn two dry seasons.
Anteater (oso hormiguero) Lizard:(lĭz′ərd)
Monsoon Climate– Monsoon forest: It is a Puma variety of tropical climate, and also of tropical rainforest. Monsoon is a seasonally wind full of rain, that occurs near the tropics. This climates have a very rainy season and a dry one. Average temeperature over 20 Annual total rainfall 1500mm
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Tropical Rainforest climatic data. BANGKOK is at about 13.73째N
Jan
Feb
100.50째E.
Mar
Height about 2m / 6 feet above sea level.
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
째C
25.9
27.6
29.2
30.1
29.6
29.0
28.5
28.4
28.1
27.7
26.8
25.5
28.1
mm
10.6
28.2
30.7
71.8
189.4
151.7
158.2
187.0
319.9
230.8
57.3
9.4
1466.9
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD SAVANNA
Vegetation A savanna is hot, seasonally dry grassland with scattered trees. There are not so many trees because trees need a lot of water. The trees that grow here have adapted to survive drought: acacia tree, baobab tree. Bushes have thorns instead of leaves, to prevent water loss and protect them from animals. The grass grows fast in wet season.
Animals Many animals live in savannas, A tropical climate. A hot climate Areas with this type of climate are located in the from invertebrates (like grasscentre of continents approximately between 5ยบ hoppers, termites, and beetles) to large mammals (like lions and 15ยบ either side of the equator. and leopards): This climate has two distinct seasons: a very Elephants, antelopes, buffalo, warm, dry season where temperatures are giraffe, gnu, impala , hyena, similar to those found in desert regions and a hot, wet season where temperatures are similar zebra, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, crocodile ,lion. to equatorial areas. Soil is not nutrient rich Average temperature: 18ยบ/20ยบ C Total annual rainfall: 1000mm
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Humid Tropical Climate .Savanna climatic data. Serengeti, Tanzania,2º 25’ S, 34º 41’E
P
Jan 94
Feb 99
Mar 136
Apr 137
May 64
Jun 27
Jul 12
Aug 25
Sep 31
Oct 42
Nov 96
Dec 111
Year 874 mm
T
27
27
27
26
25
25
25
25
27
27
26
26
26Á
Have a look to this city too: Darwin, (Australia):1223’S 130 44’E Total annual rainfall: 1492mm
Average temperature: 26ºC
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD DESERT
Vegetation Desert plants have two main adaptations: Ability to collect and store water. Features that reduce water loss. Cactus, Aloe Yuca Dragon tree
A hot climate. They are located between 15ยบ and 30ยบ either side of the equator. These areas remain hot and dry for most of the year. Many people think there is no rain in deserts. Rain does occur, however, but not very frequently. When it does rain, it is usually very heavy and for only a short period of time. The soils are characterised by the general lack of organic content. Average temperature: 20ยบC Total annual rainfall: less than 250mm
Animals Small mammals: Fat sand rat, jerboa Birds of prey: vultures Carnivores: dingo, fennec fox Reptiles: Desert viper, SideWinder
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Hot Deset climatic data. LAS VEGAS , CLARK COUNTY , EEUU, is at about 36.08°N 115.16°W. Height about 659m / 2162 feet above sea level. Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
°C
7.5
10.6
13.5
17.8
23.3
29.3
32.8
31.5
26.9
20.1
12.7
mm
9.3
10.4
14.9
8.6
6.0
4.3
11.1
13.9
10.1
6.6
8.6
Another example: Ain Salah , (Algeria):27º 13’N2º 28’E
Total annual rainfall: 144 mm
Dec 7.6
Year 19.5
8.8 113.2
Average temperatura 21ºC
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD TEMPERATE CLIMATES
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD MEDITERRANEAN FOREST vegetation
Vegetation ,generally has small, dark leaves, covered with a waxy outer layer to retain moisture in the dry summer month Evergreen trees, Dehesa Corn oak Holm oak Fig tree Olive tree Pine, Bush, shrub Rosemary, Basil Lavander, heather
A temperate climate. These areas are mainly located between 30ยบ and 40ยบ either side of the equator and, like savanna areas, they have two distinct seasons. Hot, dry summers, and warm, wet winters. Mediterranean regions have poor soils, so they are vulnerable to degradation by human activities. Average Temperature:10ยบ/20ยบ Total annual Rainfall:800mm
Fauna
Invertebrates, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. Fox, rabbits, hare, lynx, wolf, deer Stork, black stork, vulture, black vulture, Spanish Imperial Eagle, wild boar, wild goat
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD MEDITERRANEAN FOREST
Vegetation Bush, shrub: arbustos Rosemary, romero Basil: albahaca Lavander: lavanda Heather: brezo
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD
BADAJOZ/ TALAVERA LA REAL is at about 38.88°N
6.80°W. Height about 185m / 606 feet above sea level.
°C
Jan 8.8
Feb 10.1
Mar 12.2
Apr 14.5
May 18.1
Jun 22.3
Jul 25.5
Aug 25.1
Sep 22.6
Oct 17.5
Nov 12.4
Dec 9.1
Year 16.5
mm
54.7
54.1
52.6
46.9
38.9
20.1
4.1
5.2
25.9
52.6
59.5
56.2
474. 4
ATHENS(HELLINIKON) is at about 37.90°N 23.70°E. Height about 28m / 91 feet above sea level. Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
°C
10.2
10.8
12.3
16.1
20.6
25.1
27.9
27.8
24.3
19.3
15.3
12.0
18.5
mm
48.0
41.0
41.2
23.4
17.9
7.4
5.0
7.6
9.8
53.0
55.3
61.8
371. 4
Another example:Seville:37º 29’ N 05º 59’W Total annual rainfall: 534 mm Average temperature: 18.6º C
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Vegetation
Humid Sub-tropical Forest
There are typical species from both tropical: bamboo, and températe latitudes: Forest are leafier and denser because of the hot, humid summers. oak, pine. Average temeperature between 10 and 20 Annual total rainfall over 1000mm, rain specially in summer. Monsoon climate has torrential rainfall from June to September.
Fauna
Deer
foxes
Larks ( alondras)
Giant panda
Red panda
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Humid sub-tropical forest climatic data. BEIJING , China, is at about 39.93°N Jan °C mm
Feb
Mar
Apr
116.20°E.
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
-4.6
-1.8
4.7
13.6
20.0
24.4
26.0
24.7
19.8
12.6
3.9
-2.6
11.8
3.9
4.7
8.2
18.4
33.0
78.1
224.3
170.0
58.4
18.0
9.3
2.7
635.3
TOKYO is at about 35.68°N 139.69°E. Height about 5m / 16 feet above sea level. Jan °C mm
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
3.6
4.3
7.4
13.0
17.3
20.8
24.7
26.1
22.4
16.5
11.1
6.1
14.5
49.9
71.5
106.4
129.2
144.0
176.0
135.6
148.5
216.4
194.1
95.6
54.4
1523. 1
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Vegetation Deciduous means “the trees lose their leaves” in winter. Elm , Maple Walnuts Willow, Beech, ( beechwood) Oak, Chestnut Cherry tree Blackberry, blueberry, raspberry , gooseberry and spring-flowering herbs
DECIDUOUS FOREST A temperate climate. Temperate deciduous forests are found in the middle latitudes around the globe, 40º and 60º either side of the equator and have four distinct seasons: Spring, Summer, autumn, and Winter Most of these areas have cool summers, mild winters and approximately even distribution of rainfall throughout the year. The soil in the deciduous forests is quite fertile, since it is often enriched with falling leaves, twigs, logs, and dead organisms. Average temperature: 10º/15º Total annual rainfall: 800mm
Animals squirrels, rabbits, skunks, Racoon: mapache birds :bald eagle goshawk, turkey deer, mountain lion, bobcat, wolf, fox, and black bear
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Vegetation Elm: olmo Maple: [ (mā′pəl) arce Walnuts: nogal Willow: sauce Beech, : haya( beechwood) Oak: roble Chestnut: castaño Cherry tree: cerezo Blackberry:mora Blueberry: arándano raspberry: frambuesa Gooseberry: grosella
DECIDUOUS FOREST Twigs: ramitas Logs: troncos
Animals Skunks: mofeta Beaver: castor Otter: nutria Groundhog: marmota Racoon: mapache birds :bald eagle goshawk,: azor mountain lion, Lynx: lince, black bear: oso pardo
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Vigo, Spain. 42N,843’ W
Mes
Enero Febrero Marzo Abril Mayo Junio Julio Agosto Septiembre Octubre Noviembre Diciembre Total
Temperatura
8,3 9,3 10,9 11,9 14,0 17,3 19,4 20,5 18,0 14,6 11,3 9,2 13,7
Another example: London , (United Kigdom):51º 30’ N0º 07’ E Total annual rainfall:584mm—Average temperatura:11ºC
Precipitaciones
255 219 145 148 141 73 43 40 113 215 228 229 1849mm
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Coniferuous Forest: Taiga
Vegetation Larch (alerce) Fir /fɜː(r)/ , (abeto) Pine There also some broadleaves trees, like birch ( abedul), aspen ( chopo), willow (sauce). We can also find lots of berries, (bayas):
A temperate climate. Conifers can survive very cold winter temperatures thanks to the shape of their leaves ( like needles), and their crowns, which are similar to a cone and allow snow to fall off. The soil is poor in nutrients because leaves decompose very slowly. The soil is acidic due to the falling pine needles, the forest floor has only lichens and some mosses growing on it. Average temperature: 0º/10º Total annual rainfall: Between 300 and 1000mm
Animals squirrels, rabbits, skunks, (mofeta) birds :bald eagle goshawk, deer, wolf, fox, and black bear
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD MOSKVA is at about 55.75째N 37.50째E
째C mm
Jan
Feb
Mar
-10.3
-9.1
-4.1
34.4
29.0
32.7
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
4.4
12.2
16.3
18.5
16.7
10.9
4.2
-2.0
-7.5
4.1
38.2
51.0
65.6
81.5
71.8
57.7
50.4
44.1
42.4
600. 6
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD COLD CLIMATES
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Vegetation Below a thin layer of tundra soil is permafrost, a permanently frozen layer of ground. During the brief summers, the top section of the soil may thaw just long enough to allow plants, and microorganisms to grow and reproduce. Lichens: They are composed of a fungus and an algae living and growing together Moss, Small shrubs, small herbs, low shrubs.
TUNDRA Cold climates Polar climate Polar climates are found above 60ยบ in both the northern and southern hemisphere. Rainfall in these areas is usually low because the air is so cold. Temperatures reach a summer maximum, which allows some of the frozen land to thaw. The freezing climate of the Arctic produces a layer of permanently frozen soil, called permafrost. Average temperature: always below 0ยบC. Total annual rainfall: Less than 250mm
Animals
seals Birds: snowy owl Mammals: Artic hare Artic fox, Caribou, reindeer Moose: alce Norway lemming, Polar bear, Sled dogs
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Vegetation Low grass Shrubs Flowering plants edelwiess
Alpine landscapes Cold climates In alpine landscapes, the vegetation is in tiers (capas) The higher you go, the poorer the vegetation; forest is replaced by bushes, grassland, and in the highest regions, moss. After a certain altitude, the vegetation disappears. Winters are cold and summers cool Average temperature and rainfall depends on the region where the mountain is located.
Animals
Ibex Llama Variety of birds condor
BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Verkhoyansk, (Russia) 67º 33’N 133º 22’E Total annual rainfall: 150mm Average winter temperature:-40ºC Average summer temperature:8ºC