Zhang Chi

URBAN REORGANIZATION

Chi ZHANG Urban and Rural Planning, Nanchang University Selected Works 2015-2019 For the Application to M.S.UD, School of Architeture Georgia Institute of Technology

1

The fascinating thing I found about the city is ubiquitous conlicts. The conflicts exit between nature and built environment, between culture and physical forms, and among stakeholders. In my eyes, an urban designer is never an artist or a decision maker, but an intermediator and a reorganizer for the conlicts. In my projects, I focus on the process of urban regeneration in China and try to find a balance among nature, society and built environment.

Yet individual projects are dealing with local issues within regional boundaries, I expect the global impact they can have on the city, and ultimately try to benefit our society and world.

Drawing Series: Image of Old Neibourhood

CONTENTS

INDUSTRIAL PARK REHABILITATION

01

SECTION OF THE RIVER

08

DYNAMIC BOUNDARY

14

WANDERING WITH THE SOUND rd

19

OTHER WORKS

25

Industrial Park Renovation for Urban Transformation and Social Integration

Renewal of the Landscape and Community along the Suzhou Creek

An Idea about Reshaping the Construction Boundary

3 Prize in 2019 National Selection of Urban and Rural Planning Social Research

Regional & Master Planning / SUSAS Exhibition / Data Visualization

01

INDUSTRIAL PARK REHABILITATION Industrial Park Renovaion Considering the Intergration of the Urban Villagers and New-comers NCU Urban Design Studio (12-Weeks) Individual Work Instructor: Jingyong Huang E-mail: huangjingyong@ncu.edu.cn Time: 04/2018-06/2018-Junior Year Location: Nanchang, China

What Is the Future of Abandoned Factories on the Urban Periphery?

Why Spatial Injustice Already Exsits in Surrounding Urban Villages?

How to Promote Urban Vibrance with Architectural and Landscape Reorganization?

Chinese industrial transformation and urbanization have result in a large number of abandoned factories on urban periphery, which can be call " urban vacuum" according the definition of Jane Jacobs. The project explores the future track of the residual industries, and how to integrate these isolated areas into the urban and natural context industrial adjustment and ecological restoration. At the same time, considering the social and cultural background around the site, the project wants to not only improve the built environment, but also make it an "Urban living room" for the urban villagers in the surrounding high-density community. Therefore, space justice and the integration of diversity groups can be promoted.

01 01

01 INDUSTRIAL PARK REHABILITATION

Labor Cost

Profits

Land Price

13% /Year

400%

53%

China and global manufacturing competitiveness 2018

China land price monitoring website 2010-2018

The report on small enterprises in China 2018

Hufang village began to build factories in order to stimulate economy in the 21st century

2000

The industrial park entered a period of rapid development, and expanded eastward

2003

Stable development of the Industrial Park and the construction of staff dormitory

2008

With the production declines, factories moved out or closed down gradually

2015

BACKGROUND: THE DECLINE OF HUFANG INDUSTRIAL PARK IN URBAN VILLAGE With the rise of land and labor prices, Hufang industrial park, one of the small private industrial parks, is on the verge of bankruptcy or industrial transformation

1998

OPPORTUNITIES: RISE OF TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES AND SUPPORT OF LOCAL COLLEGES The surrounding intensive knowledge industry offices and the university personnel resources linked by the urban public transportation have brought opportunities for the transformation of the industrial park

02

01 INDUSTRIAL PARK REHABILITATION

THE MORPHOLOGY REVOLUTION O ------Transforming from functional isol

The 1st generation of industry generally distributed in the interior or periphery of the city. The building quality is low, and the function layout and road network design are rigid

1960s

FAR 2.0-2.4 BD 75%-85%

Urban Center

It fills the blanke space the of suburban villages and farmland. Relying on the urban transportation system, employees can work in the nearby communities through bicycles and automobiles

1990s

FAR 1.0-2.0 BD 70%-80%

Urban Periphery

OF THE INDUSTRIAL PARK IN CHINA lation to mix-used working community The expansion of the park and the reduction of cheap land lead to the parks moving to the outer suburbs. The content of the park was multiple, including green space, leisure facilities and environmental protection zones.

2000s

FAR 1.5-2.0 BD 60%-70%

Suburb

Large scale and independent districts, including comprehensive land use, such as residential, commercial, education and so on. If the population is large enough, it can be regarded as a satellite city to meet the needs of daily life.

2010s

FAR 3.0-3.5 BD 50%-60%

Satelite Town

05 03

01 INDUSTRIAL PARK REHABILITATION

ISSUE: SOCIAL SEPRATION FOR THE INACCESSIBLE AMENITITES Amenities and public space are enclosed by the gated community. The absence of public space result of social seperation between villagers and other citizens

Step 1 Reorganize the Space Remove factories of low quality and create open space in a variety of combination

Step 2 Functional Replacement Office and commercce dominated, mixed with residential, educational and service building functions

Step 3 Landscape Restoration According to the current vegetation distribution, planning green node and continue urban ecological corridor

Step 4 Connection and Interaction Pedestrian overpass bond the office space, realizes co-work mode, and connects the offices with ground square

STRATEGY: FUNCTIONAL REPLACEMENT AND LANDSCAPE RESTORATION The mixed function and varied public space bring new social and economic vitality to the district. The restoration of waterfront green space returns the area to a part of urban ecological corridor

07 04

01 INDUSTRIAL PARK REHABILITATION

11

10

12

4 5

3

2 7

1

6

14

13

AN URBAN LIVING ROOM FOR ENTREP

The ground floor with public space, service facilities and d periphery and attract diffe

0

15

30

45

60m

Legend 1 Industial Museum 2 Community Library 3 Creative Market 4 Activity Center 5 Public Canteen 6 Vocational Education 7 Exhibition Corridor 8 Waterfront Park 9 Tenements 10 Preserved Residence 11 Service Center 12 Waterfront Lane 13 Sports Field 14 Domitory

8

9

10

PRENEURS,VILLAGERS AND TOURISTS

diversified small business bring new vitality to the urban erent groups of people

09 05

01 INDUSTRIAL PARK REHABILITATION Architectrual Characteristics Extraction

Building Regeneration Strategies Residence Education

Service Center Commercial

Exhibition Museum

MODULAR DESIGN AND PLAN REORGANIZATION BAS

Modules For Co-work And Social Activities Commercial

Office

7.2

m

7.2

m

m

3.6

Meeting Room

7.2

m

Domitory

7.2

m

m

3.6

Tenements

m

3.6

m

3.6

Vocational Education

10

10

.8m

m 3.6

.8m

m

7.2

SED ON THE STRUCTURE OF PRESERVED FACTORIES 11 06

01 INDUSTRIAL PARK REHABILITATION

LINKING SHARED OFFICE WITH PUBLIC SQUARE

Collection of a Variety Groups of Citizens

Ecological Rehabilitation in a Large Urban Context

CREATING INTERACTIONS FOR OFFICE WORKERS AND VILLAGERS A shared office park,a small business market and an urban living room for diversity of citizens

13 07

Site Model Group work with: CUI Min, DA Manjie, GAO Jin, HUANG Zhiye, JIANG Haoran, JIN Xin, LI Hongyi, LI Zixin, LIN Yuanyuan, LIN Qiyang, LIN Junqi, WANG Jingyi, WU Junyi, XIAO, Yuexin, XUE Wenjing, YAO Guokai, YAO Jiacen, YU Chen, ZHANG Ziyi, ZHANG Jiayu, ZHENG Qiaoyu, ZHOU Yujie, ZHU Wen

02

SECTION OF THE RIVER Renewal of the Landscape and Community along the Suzhou Creek HKU Summer Electives, ARCH 7276 : City Metamorphosis Research Group Work with: LIN Yuanyuan, LIN Qiyang, XUE Wenjing, WU Junyi, MU Hang Individual Design and Drawings Instructor: Anderson Lee/alee@indexarchitecture.com Time: 07/2019-09/2019-Senior Year Location: Shanghai, China

What Is the Sustainable Development of the River?

Why the Suzhou Creek is Disconnected with the Public life?

How to Reshape the Spatial Sequence towards the Waterfront?

Suzhou Creek, a tributary of Huangpu River, is called the mother river of Shanghai. f Along the creek, traditional residence, abandoned factories and warehouses are scattered. However, with the rise of Pudong District, the high dential communities lacking of amenities along the creek are regarded as the most vunerable places in the center Shanghai. Besides, the vehicular roads and high loodwall disconneted local residents to the waterfront. Thus, the project reshapes the spatial sequence towards to the creek and renovation the waterfront landscape, aiming to redefine the relationship between the creek and citizens and return the declined urban areas to the mordern stage.

15 08

02 SECTION OF THE RIVER

City Center Area

Manufacturing Industries

GDP of the First Industry

TRANSFORMATION OF THE RIVER: FROM INDUSTRIAL T

In the past, a large number of industries gathered on both sides of Suzhou Creek, which cau and the disappearing of factories, the water quality of

GDP of the Second Industry

GDP of the Third Industry

Ratio the Third Industry

TRANSPORTATION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

used serious pollution to the river body. With the transformation of national industrial structure f Suzhou Creek has been treated by the government

17 09

02 SECTION OF THE RIVER

To the College Town

Suzhou Creek

Huangpu River

To the Airport

Population Density High

The Alleys

Metro Route

Low

Urban Parks

Metro Route

0

500

1000

1500

2000m

SOCIAL BACKGOUND: SUZHOU CREEK GATHERS THE MEMORY OF OLD SHANGHAI Old residences with high density and poor amenities are gathered along the Suzhou Creek. The dense population also give the city vitality and variety of social interaction

ISSUE: THE RIVER IS DISCONNECTED WITH URBAN LIFE The vehicular roads and high loodwall disconneted local residents to the waterfront. Since most of the buildings are offices and residence, the river is blcoked by private buildings and disconnected with citizens tourists

19 10

STRATEGY: PEDESTRIAN SYSTEM REORGA

River used to be the origin of human civilization. With the was a vital path to transport cargos since 1960s. To reca

Disconnected: Present Vehicular roads seperate the path to the waterfront Connect: Connect the path by pedestrianization the secondary road along and toward to the creek Vehicle Road

ANIZATION BASED ON THE URBAN CONTEXT

e booming of industry revolution in China, Suzhou Creek all the industrial transformation poilcy of the government,

Infill: Arrange commercial and amenities on the pedestrian. Build up accessibility of the urban ground foor Loop: Pedestrian system forms six loops along the creek. Programs of loop varied based on urban context Pedastrian Road

21 11

02 SECTION OF THE RIVER

Commerical & Amenities Offices Residences

m

m

10

1

Food & Beverage

2

Pocket Parks

Commercial Street

8m

5

Playground

10

3

8m

4

m

10

Amenity

8m

6

Market

5m 5m

7

Air Lane

8

Ramp

5m

9

Rereation Platform

DESIGN TOOLKITS：RECONNET THE INTERIOR TO THE PUBLIC REALM The toolkits are designed considering the characteristcs of urban context, from offces, residences to the waterfront and reorganize the public space toward the river

23 12

02 SECTION OF THE RIVER

SEQUENCE REORGANIZATION: FROM INNER SPACE TO THE WATERFRONT New pedestrian system form a spatial sequence from indoor space to the outdoor waterfront. Riverbank is reshaped to make it accessible to the water.Finally, the influence of the river to the city is expanded

New Urban Context Towards Creek

Waterfront Landscape Regeneration

EXPANDING THE INFLUENCE OF THE RIVER ON URBAN LIFE These pedestrian paths facingl to the river form a corridor with living atmosphere, which enables the vitality of waterfront permeate deep into surrounding communities and realize the revitalization of the districts

25 13

02 SECTION OF THE RIVER

North Bank

NEW SEQUENCES OVERLAYED ON DIFFERENT

Through overlaying a new sequence on the both sides of the Suzhou Creek, the section of the

South Bank

T URBAN CONTEXTS MEET ABOVE THE CREEK

e river is reshaped. New urban layer links waterfront districts and make up for urban amenitites

27 14

"People and their activities are the charm of streets. When observing the renovation of a department store, more people stopped to watch the progress of the project than the audiences in front of the 15 display windows" -------Life between Buildings, Jan Gehl

03

DYNAMIC BOUNDARY Rethinking of the Construction Boundary

Personal Work Instructor: Yuehan Wang E-mailďźšyuehan@mit.edu Time: 10/2019-12/2019-Senior Year Location: Nanchang, China

Why Construction Sites are Temporary Residual Space?

How to Advocate Public-private Partenership during Urban Renovation?

City center of Chinese major cities has transformed from the period of expansion to an era of renovation. The renovation of the city is like a palimpsest which is written and rewritten by human power. However, during this process, urban blocks are enclosed by construction walls and isolated from surrounding neighbourhood. These construction sites usually don't have any urban functions and even bring disorder to the urban context. Therefore, the project aims to activates construction site by providing a movable and pre-fabricated boundary. The boundary can not only supply the city with temporary urban amenities and small business opportunity, but a catalyst to stimulate various interactions for stakeholder like residents, developers and workers and finally advocate public participation during urban renovation

15

03 DYNAMIC BOUNDARY

0

100

200

300

400m

BACKGROUND: OLD CITY CENTER HAS ENTERED AN ERA OF REGENERATION Center of Chinese major cities has transformed from the period of expansion to an era of renovation, resulting of so many temporary residual space in urban context

Preserved Temple

Renovation Area

Construction Boundary

Commercial Sepration

Visual Disconnection

Fabricated Work Shed

Temporary Bus Station

ISSUE: CONSTRUCTION BOUNDARY ISOLATES URBAN BLOCKS AND CTIZENS Urban blocks are enclosed by construction walls and isolated from surrounding neighbourhoods. These construction sites usually don't have any urban functions and even bring disorder to the urban context.

16

03 DYNAMIC BOUNDARY

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FOR RESHAPING CONSTRUCTION BOUNDARY The strategy enables cooperation among different stakeholders and create public participation and supervising opportunities in the process of urban regeneration

Vertical Planting

42

00

mm

mm

00

21

Transit Station

84

00

mm mm

00

21

Fabricated Workshed

42

00

mm

84

mm

00

0 10

2

Movable Store

mm

mm

00

42

Double-faced Restroom

Project Display & Suggestions

84

42

00

00

mm

mm

00

21

mm

mm

00

42

Solar Panel

NEW BOUNDARY COMBINED WITH PREFABRICATED AND MOVABLE MODULE Pre-fabricated module design make unit of boundary easily transported by truck and assembled anywhere, creating incredible possibities of combination and suitability

17

03 DYNAMIC BOUNDARY

A FLEXIBLE AND REUSABLE BOUN

Before Construction

Pre-fabricated The unit of the boundary can be transported by truck and assembled on the site

During Constuction

Multifunctional Various function of units supply the surrounding neighbourhoods with public facilities and bring vitality to the streets

NDARY FOR REGENERATION SITE

During Constuction

Flexible In the process of construction, the boundary can be varied and retreated. The finished part can be open to the public in time

After Constuction

Reusable After construction, these units can be moved to another construction sites or scatter at urban corners as facilities

18

Elevation Towards Steet

Elevation Towards Counstruction Site

DOUBLE ELEVATION: STAGE BACKGROUND FOR URBAN LIFE The boundary can both serve the citizens on the street and workers in the construction site. Some of the units can be shared, some keep private for workers. The windows bring interesting visual interations

DYNAMIC STREET ACTIVITIES IN-BETWEEN THE BOUNDARY With the arrangement of the plan, some small corners are enclosed at the both of the sides and can be utilized as a small semi-private recreation space

19

........

........ ........

........ ........

........

04

WANDERING WITH THE SOUND Research on the Elderly's Preferences on the Soundscape in Urban Parks 3rd Prize 丨 Competetion of National Urban Research Instructor: Chunying Long E-mail:longchunying@ncu.edu.cn Group work with: Zixue Yao, Lei Wu Role in Team: Team Leader, Research Framework, Data Analysis, Diagrams, English Writing Time: 09/2018-12/2018-Senior Year Abstract: This research aims to improve the environmental service quality of urban parks from an acoustic perspective. The elderly, a main group of urban park users in China, are regarded as research objects. At the beginning, using qualitative and quantitative methods, the research attempts to figure out sound types and characteristic of soundscapes in an urban park in Nanchang, Donghu District. Through further analysis on the psychology, environmental perception and behavioral patterns of the elderly, the preferences of the group for different types of soundscapes were summarized. Finally, in order to better serve the basic needs of the elderly, some suggestions for improving park space are put forward.

Keywords: Soundscape preference, Urban Park, The Elderly

39 20

Fig. 1 Research Structure

1. Introduction 1.1 Research Background City Park plays an important role in outdoor leisure life of the elderly. The quality of outdoor space for the elderly is an important criteria of the civilization of a community and a city.

Soundscape research began in the 1970s, focusing on the study of people's subjective perceptions of the acoustic environment. At present, the research and construction of urban sound environment are being actively promoted at home and abroad.

Aging is becoming more and more serious in China.

China’s current population over 60 years old is more than 240 million, accounting for 17.33 percent of the total. It is expected that China's population aging process will reach its peak by 2040.

1.2 Research Objectives (1) To understand the relationships between the sound environment and space in urban parks based on the needs of the elderly for the sound environment of the activity space.

(2) To summarize their preferences for specific sound environment through analyzing the elderly's physiological and psychological characteristics and the types of Park activities of the elderly.

(3) Find out the shortcomings of existing urban parks and study the optimization strategies of improving the sound environment and space for the elderly in the park.

1.3 Theories and Terminologies Environmental Psychology:The science of research the relationship between behavior and structure of natural environment, focusing on the interaction between man and nature, society and culture, in order to meet the premise of harmony between people and the environment.[1] Environmental Acoustics:The subject covers architectural acoustics, environmental noise and noise controlling. Its purpose is to enable the sound that needs to be heard can be successfully received, and the unnecessary noise can be suppressed to a permissible range.[2]

Soundscape: The acoustic environment as perceived or experienced and/or understood by a person or people, in context. [3] 1.4 Location, Subjective and Methodology Location: People's Park in Jiangxi, Nanchang Subjectives: People over 60 years old Methodology: Literature Review, Observation, Quantitative Analysis, Questionnaire, Interview.

2. Research Process 2.1 Site Selection There are 48 parks located in the centre city of Nanchang according to the google POI data of 2018.

Basis on the research objectives, the park is selected from four dimensions, which are user types, space types, sound characteristics, and landscape characteristics. Finally, the People's Park was chosen as the object of this survey. This park located in the center of the old city town has a long history, abundant natrual and man-made landscape, and is also the main gathering area for the elderly.

2.2 Observation 2.2.1 Sound Types Through observing the existing sound types in the People's Park and its source characteristics, combined with the existing research literature [4], it can be summarized into three sound types: human sound,

natural sound and mechanical sound. By dividing all kinds of sound components within the perceptible range of the elderly, nine main sound components of the park are obtained.

2.2.2 Soundscape Types Soundscape is affected by the openness and function of space. From the point of view of openness, enclosed space leads to a stronger perception of sound because of reflection. From the point of view of site function, different types of sites determine the composition of sound environment. For example, the square is easy to gather dancing crowds, and then bring music and sound of water usually dominants at a waterfront.

Based on the characteristics of space we observed in the People's Park, the spatial zoning in our survey can be divided into six categories: lawn, dense forest, square, water, exercise facilities and pavilion. The six spatial types include mixed areas with the same characteristics or functions. The definitions of specific spatial are given.

Lawn: A grassland which is planted or maintained artificially and plays the role of greening and beautifying. Space is usually relatively open, with human activities as the main sound.

Forest: A site where the shadow of forest covers more than 50% of the area, usually for walking and other activities. The typical sounds including calls, falling leaves and talking among small crowds.

Square: A large open area in the park, which is mainly paved with bricks, usually for visitors to gather and distribute activities, performances and so on. The

Fig. 2 Sound Composition in Renming Park

41 21

sounds including crowd activities and music.

Water: The space nearby the water. It can be a waterfront pavilion or a trail. The space is usually open, with the sound of running water and human activities as the dominant sound.

FIg. 3 Soundscape Distribution

Exercise Area: The space has fitness facilities for people to exercise. The components of sound including exercise and conversation.

Pavillion: The space is relatively closed, usually for rest or quiet activities, where the sound composition varies with the natural environment and the types of human activities.

Lawn

Forest

Square

Exercise Area

Waterfront

Pavillion

Construction Area

FIg. 4 The Elderly Distribution

2.2.3 Activity Types Through observation, 3 kinds of activity genres are summarized: Dynamic activity, Static activity, Dynamic and Static combination of activity.

Dynamic Activity: The activity that contributes to loud sound and needs quite large body movements, such as dancing, sing and playing the instruments.

Static Activity: The activity that makes low sound and body basically stay static, such as chatting and playing chess and cards.

Combination of Dynamic and Static Activity: The activity that leads to low sound and need quite large body movements, such us playing Tai Chi and physical exercise.

2.3 Information Collection and Visualization According to the proportion of soundscape types, 20 spots were located as samples. All of the data was collected from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. on weekends, which is the dynamic time period for the elderly.

FIg. 5 Sound Intensify Average

2.3.1 Sound Intensity Utilize acoustic meter to record the average sound intensity in 15 seconds. Then use inverse distance weighted method to visualize the sound intensify in ArcMap 10.5 software.

2.3.2 Sound Composition Visualized based on the sound type and perceptual loudness of the elderly.

Value

High 80dB Low 47dB

2.3.3 Population Distribution Using GPS to record the distribution of the elderly.

Fig. 6 Information Collection, Sample 1-10

Fig. 7 Data Visualization, Sample 1-10

Fig. 8 Information Collection, Sample 10-20

Fig. 9 Data Visualization, Sample 10-20

Note: 1. All data in the table are measured at 8:00-10:00 a.m. on weekends, which is the main activity period of the elderly.

2. Population Distribution: Using GPS to record and reflect the distribution of the elderly in the park.

3. Sound intensity: Utilizing sound intensity meter to record the average sound intensity within 15s of the smaple space, and use arcmap10.5 software calculate the inverse distance weighted difference.

4. Sound composition: it is drawn according to the sound type and loudness in the perception range of the elderly in the space.

43 22

2.3.4 Summary of Visualization

2.3.4.1 Population Distribution and Sound

The elderly's preferences to the soundscape is their responses to the space and sound. To search the correlation among human behavior, space and sound, we firstly visualize the sound and population distribution in one figure (Fig 7, Fig 9) and compare the slope of each line. Following, we abstract the quantitative data with qualitative description and put all of the four elements in Fig 10.

(1) There is a positive correlation between population density and sound loudness. The slope of crowd density and sound loudness are basically the same, indicating that the environmental sound intensity is often higher in a crowd gathering place.

Fig. 10 Elements Discription(in order of population density)

(2) There is a correlation between dominant sound type and sound intensity. Among the seven spatial samples with sound intensity greater than 60 decibels, the dominant sound was music. It shows that artificial music is the main sound type of high decibel sound environment in People's Park.

(3) There is a correlation between population density and dominant sound type. Among the seven sample spaces with population density greater than 0.9 person/ m2 in the analysis chart, 6 dominant sounds are music sound and 1 is exercise sound.

2.3.4.2 Population Distribution, Sound and Space According to Fig 4, it can be preliminarily inferred that the space with high degree of aggregation of the elderly is mostly semi-enclosed, and the dominant sound environment is conversational sound and loud music. The main types of activities are dancing, singing and playing the instruments, etc. The space with moderate degree of aggregation is mostly semiclosed, and the sound environment is mostly composed of birds' singing and moderate music. Tai Chi and equipment exercise are the main types of activities. The sparsely distributed space of the elderly is more open, the sound is quiet, and the activity types are basically chat, chess and cards.

2.4 Questionnaire Survey

Legend Explanantion

The design of the questionnaire is based on a literature review and interviews. We first conduct 30 pilot questionnaires to improve the questions and options according the corresponding of the elderly. Then a formal questionnaire was composed.

The survey was undertaken for four times. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, 383 valid questionnaires, the effective rate was 95.8%.

2.4.1 Demographics of Subjects Gender: 193 males,190 women. The proportion of samples is balanced.

Age: 75-89 age group is dominant, accounting for more than 60% of the total number of samples.

Accomodation: The proportion of community residents is larger, accounting for more than 65% of the total sample.

Education level: The proportion of secondary education is larger, accounting for more than 55% of the total sample.

2.4.2 Perception and Preferences of Soundscape The characteristics of a soundscape have four dimensions : perception frequency, perception loudness, preference and dominance.

From perception frequency aspect, the perception of the elderly is as high as 76.2%, followed by the sound sound of human activities.

From perception loudness aspect, the construction sound sound makes 53.5% of the elderly feel noisy.

Secondly, the sound of music and driving; and natural sound makes the elderly feel quiet; From the preferences, the elderly generally like natural sound and hold a negative attitude toward machinery sound.

From dominance aspect, more than 90% of the elderly

think that the dominant sound of the people's park is music. It can be seen from this that although the elderly preferprefers natural soundssound, because of their psychological needs, they will resonate with the sounds sounds of human social activities; they are generally sensitive to and disgusted with the sounds sounds of traffic.

3. Data Analysis Through the results of the questionnaire, we can get the preference of different types of sound on a whole of the elderly. However, there can be differences in sound preferences among the elderly of different genders, ages and cultural backgrounds, so crosstab is utilized in the further analyzing of the questionnaire.

During the design of our first edition of the questionnaire, we find that the elderly are difficult to understand abstract words to describe the characteristics of "Soundscape" and "Space".

Therefore, in the second edition of the questionnaire, the relatively abstract concept of Soundscape is first separated into two elements: space and sound, and then the spatial preference characteristics of the subjects are inferred through the “Destination�. Therefore, in crosstab, "Destination" and "sound preference degree"

Fig.11 Perception and Preferences of Soundscape

Fig. 12 Demographic Characteristics Characteristics

Category

Percentage

Age

60-74

28.98%

75-89

61.62%

>90

9.40%

Male

50.39%

Female

49.61%

Local community

67.62%

Non-local community

32.38%

Middle school or below

26.11%

High school or technical

58.22%

Gender Accomodation Eduacation

secondary school Activity types

Activity duration

Bachelor or above

15.67%

Recreation

55.88%

Sightseeing

34.20%

Physical exercise

50.91%

Others

5.48%

<1 hour

12.43%

1-3 hours

65.54%

>3 hours

22.03%

45 23

100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00%

Gender Male

4. Discussion

Female

4.1 Gender Differences 100.00% 90.00% 100.00% 100.00% 80.00% 100.00% 90.00% 90.00% 70.00% 100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 80.00% 60.00% 90.00% 80.00% 100.00% 70.00% 70.00% 80.00% 50.00% 70.00% 90.00% 70.00% 60.00% 60.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 60.00% 50.00% 50.00% 30.00% 50.00% 50.00% 70.00% 40.00% 40.00% 20.00% 40.00% 40.00% 60.00% 30.00% 30.00% 10.00% 30.00% 30.00% 50.00% 20.00% 20.00% 0.00% 20.00% 20.00% 40.00% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% 30.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 20.00%

Gender differences have little significant impact on the destination of elderly people to go to the park, but have a significant impact on the preference of sound. the male prefer natural sound such as running water and birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s singing, while the female prefer human sound and machinery sound like laughing and music. It can be inferred that the male have higher perception of sound and prefer static activities, while the female are more sociable and like group activities .

60-74 60-74

Age

60-74 60-74

75-89 60-74 75-89

75-89 Male 75-89 Female

>90 75-89

>90

10.00% 0.00%

>90 >90

>90

Fig.14 Differences on Sound Preferences

4.2 Age Differences

90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00%

Female

Accomodation Local Local community community Non-local Non-local community community

Education

Fistle

Fistle

Tweet Middle school or below

Music

Traffic

Exercise

Bachelor or above

Playing

Traffic

Music Tweet 60-75 75-90

60-75 75-90

>90 Constrution

Talking

Bachelor or above

Music Activity Duration

Traffic Constrution

Traffic

Music

Music Waterflow

Fistle

Recreation Exercise Sightseeing

Waterflow

Physical exercise Playing

Tweet

Tweet

Fistle Fistle Exercise

Fistle Talking

Fistle Constrution Recreation Waterflow Exercise Talking Recreation Exercise Waterflow Exercise Waterflow Sightseeing Exercise Waterflow Fistle Traffic Recreation Music SightseeingPlaying Traffic Playing Tweet Physical Waterflow Playing Tweet Recreation Playing Sightseeing Physical exercise Tweet <1h ng Tweet exercise terflow 2-3h Sightseeing Physical Talking >3h Tweet exercise Talking Constrution Physical Talking Constrution Talking Constrution Tweet exercise Traffic Music king Constrution

Fistle

Traffic

Music

<1h 2-3h >3h

Waterflow Constrution Tweet Music <1h 2-3h >3h Constrution

<1h 2-3h >3h

Education Level has an impact on the destination and sound loudness of the elderly. The higher the educational level, the greater the purpose for exercise areas, and the less the need for recreation space like forest and pavilion. The elderly with higher education background make lower comments on all kinds of sound, especially for talking.

4.4 Residential Area Differences

>90

>90 Constrution

75-90

Talking

Constrution High school orTalking Activity Types technical secondary school Music Fistle

Constrution

Traffic Tweet 60-75

High school or technical Tweet secondary school

Playing

>90 Constrution

Bachelor or above

Waterflow Playing

Playing

Bachelor or above

60-75 75-90

Waterflow

Talking Waterflow

Fistle Constrution Exercise Middle school or below

High school or technical Exercise Traffic secondary school

Tweet

High school or technical Fistle secondary school

Fistle Exercise

Talking Waterflow

Waterflow

Playing

Tweet

Middle school or below Fistle

Tweet

Exercise Middle school or below

Waterflow

Playing

Waterflow Constrution

4.3 Education Level Differences

Age

Exercise

xercise Tweet

Age differences have a significant impact both on the destination and sound preferences. As the age increases, the demand for relaxation, quiet enjoyment, physical exercise and other activities decreases, while the demand for enjoying scenery or atmosphere activities increases. With the increase of age, the elderly's preference to the natural sound increases and have lower tolerance to the man-made noise, indicating that they are getting more sensitive, fragile and easily disturbed.

Gender Male

90.00% 90.00% 80.00% 80.00% 70.00% 70.00% 60.00% 60.00% 50.00% 50.00% 40.00% 40.00% 30.00% 30.00% 20.00% 20.00% 10.00% 10.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Waterflow

c ng

are used as row variables, and personal information factors such as age, gender, educational level, and residential area are used as column variables for analysis.

Fig.13 Gender and Age Differences on Sound Perception

Residential factors have a significant impact on the elderly's destination. The elderly in community prefer squares and exercise areas, while those non-communal elderly prefer landscape areas like waterfront and pavilion. From the perspective of sound preferences., communal residents prefer natural sound, while noncommunal residents prefer sound of human activities.

5. Conclusion and Suggestion

References

5.1 Conclusion

[1] Lu Xiaofeng. (2011). Environmental psychology: connotation, theoretical paradigm and category review [J]. Journal of Fujian Normal University (PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION), No.168 (3): 141-148.

The results show that, unlike the traditional concept of "quietness is the only thing for the aged", the sound preference of the elderly is influenced by many factors, such as age, gender, educational level, purpose of activities and so on. For example, for the elderly who mainly sing and dance in the park, the high decibel sound environment (>60dB) can also bring pleasure.

Under the environment of satisfying the sound loudness of most elderly people, the preference degree of crowd for sound environment is closely related to the composition of sound type and the type of space environment.

5.2 Suggestion The overall sound situation in the People's Park is good. Noise sources mainly come from the playground being constructed in the north and south of the park.

Based on the findings of the study, this paper puts forward the following suggestions : (1) Dynamic and static zoning to meet the needs of different elderly people's sound environment: rationally organize park space according to the characteristics of elderly people's activities, such as isolating hard open space with quiet semi-enclosed space through slopes and dense forests, so as to meet the needs of different types of elderly people for the park's sound environment. Physiological and psychological needs.

(2) Through landscape construction, urban noise is blocked: urban parks with frequent crowd activities are often located in the central area of the city, and the impact of traffic noise is unavoidable. Therefore, the design of vegetation landscape can be considered to attract birds, insects and other natural sounds to form a noise buffer zone. It can also design flowing water landscape to enrich park space and weaken noise auditory dominance through flow white noise.

(3) Park construction avoids the main activity time of the elderly: Renewal and transformation of urban parks are often accompanied by huge noise, which seriously affects the spatial feelings of the elderly in the park.

The construction period should avoid the intensive activities of the elderly (such as 8:00-10:00 a.m.) and create a good sound environment for activities and rest.

[2] Sun Guangrong. (2002) From architectural acoustics to environmental acoustics [J]. Applied acoustics, 21 (1): 46-49.

[3] Liu, J. , Xiong, Y. , Wang, Y. , & Luo, T. . (2018).

Soundscape effects on visiting experience in city park: a case study in fuzhou, china. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 31.

[4] Liu Jiang, Yang Ling, Huang Likun. (2019). Study on the influencing factors of the experience of acoustic landscape in Ecological Urban Parks [J]. Landscape architecture, 26 (05): 8993 [5] Jin, Y. J., & Hong, J. Y. (2015). Classification of urban park soundscapes through perceptions of the acoustical environments.

Landscape & Urban Planning, 141, 100-111.

[6] Jing, L. , Kaitlin, B. , Farzana, H. M. , Penbrooke, T. L. , Erin, S. , & Smith, J. W. . (2018). Assessing soundscape preferences and the impact of specific sounds on outdoor recreation activities using qualitative data analysis and immersive virtual environment technology. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, S2213078018300410-.

[7] Bahal, S. , & Tamer-Bayaz?t, Nurgün. (2017). Soundscape research on the gezi park – tunel square route. Applied Acoustics, 116, 260-270.

[8] Liu, J. , Kang, J. , Luo, T. , & Behm, H. . (2013). Landscape effects on soundscape experience in city parks. Science of The Total Environment, 454-455, 474-481.

[9] Nilsson M E, Jin Y J, Rådstenekman M, et al. A soundwalk study on the relationship between soundscape and overall quality of urban outdoor places[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2012, 131(4):3474.

47 24

NATURE IMPRINTS

MASTER PLANNING AIDED WITH GIS

2018 NCU Urban Design Studio（16 weeks） Instructor: Wanping JIANG E-mail: jiangwanping@ncu.edu.cn Groupwork with: Lei WU Role in Team: Team Leader, GIS Analysis, Urban Design

Legend

Land Suitability Evaluation

Landuse Planning

Residence

20% Nature

Districts

Legend

Commercial

Unsuitable Low Suitable Suitable

30% Traffic

Districts Public Services District

High Suitable

Manufacturing District

20% Environmnet

Municipal Facilities Logistics Warehousing

30% Landuse

Urban Parks Forest Water Land

Evaluation Factors

01 Factor

02

Slope Factor

03

Slope Aspect Factor

04 Factor

05

Factories Factor

06

Green Space Factor

07 Factor

08

Water Land Factor

09

Disaster Factor

Elevation

Construction

Facilities

0m

200m

400m

800m

2019 SUSAS EXHIBITION

ROUNDABOUT VERTICAL SURFACES

Organizer: Hongkou District Planning and Natural Resource Bureau, Hongkou District North Bund Sub-District Office Instructor: Oscar Ko Group work with: LIN Yuanyuan, LIN Qiyang, XUE Wenjing, WU Junyi, MU Hang Role in team: Research, Design Concept, Diagrams, Rendering Venue: Shanghai Study Center, The University of Hong Kong, 10/31/2019-01/06/2019

49 25

QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON REGIONAL SYSTEM PLANNING 2019 NCU Urban Regional Planning Studioďź&#x2C6;16 weeksďź&#x2030;

Reference:

Instructor: Jing Feng / E-mail: fengjing@ncu.edu.cn

Yin Zhenxuan. Quantitative Analysis on Urban System Based on GIS and Big

Individual Work

Data:A Case Study of Changyi, Shandong [J]. Shanghai urban planning, 2018,

Time and Location: 02/2019-06/2019, Tongtian, Jiangxi

142 (05): 123-127

STEP 1 Comprehensive Development Evaluation of Towns Fig. 1 Development Evaluation System a.Calculating the information entropy of individual category ( Ej )

Evaluation Factors

Secondary Factors

Category

Demogrphic

N/A

Economics

Industries

Population Population aggregation Manufacturing industries Service Industries Annual net Income per capita External transportation Internal transportation Farmland area Usable land Area Kindergarten service dimension Primary school service dimension Clinic service dimension

b.Weight assignment for each categories ( Ej )

b. Central intensity calculation

Fig. 2 Ranking of Towns

Incomes Transportation Resources

Land Resource

Facilities

Education Medical Service

Town

Central Intensify

Town

Yan J.G. 303.95

Zhen F. 108.57

Lonf F.

230.75

Tong T. 106.71

Chao T.

228.46

Lian H.

90.53

Shang F. 164.30

Long J.

86.35

Xin L.

151.07

Gang S. 73.81

Long G.

146.19

Hou T.

70.57

Xiao J.

145.08

Qinf S.

63.27

STEP 2 Central Town Selection Pick 4-5 towns as the potential central town based on the results of comprehensive Development Evaluation. Set driving distance of 10-15mins as resistance to simulate the service coverage rates of the service town.

Based on the result of network anaysisi in Arcgis10.5. Choosing Yan J.G., Chao T., Zhen F., Long F.as the central town of the regional planning.

4 Central Towns 15min Driving Distance

68 Coverage 95.8% Rate Covered villages

5 Central Towns 10min Driving Distance Service villages Coverage Rate

62 87.3%

Entropy Weight Methodology

Ranking of Towns

Network Analysis of Time Cost

Minimum Service Points

Maximum Service Range

Number of Central Towns

Selection of Central Towns

Methodology Analysis Result

5 Central Towns 15min Driving Distance

71 Coverage 100% Rate Service villages

Regional Accessibility

Value High Low

Central Intensify

RESEARCH ON THE URBANIZATION OF MIGRATING WORKERS 2018 Thesis of Urban Economicsďź&#x2C6;14 weeksďź&#x2030;

Time and Location: 12/2018-01/2019, Nanchang

Instructor: Wenhui Zheng

Questionnaire:450 questionnaires were sent out, 450 were recovered,

E-mail: zhengwenhui@ncu.edu.cn

and the recovery rate was 100%; among them, 430 were valid, and

Individual Work

the effective rate was 95.6% Fig. 4 OD Analysis of Inter Provincial Migration

Fig. 1 Migration Types of Respondents MigrationTypes Across cities but within the a province Within a city Across provinces Within a county

Quantity(person)

Percentage(%)

178

39.5

88 136 23

20.5 33.5 6.5

Jiujiang

Nanchang Shangrao Yichun Fuzhou

Among the respondents, the main migration types were migration across cities but within the a province (39.5%) and inter provincial migration (33.5%). Since most the destination of migration is to lagrer cities, the migrating workers within a county is the least (6.5%).

Yingtan

Zhangshu

Legend

Jian

Fig. 2 Top 10 Origins of Inter Provincial Migrating Workers

Population

No.

Province

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Henan Hubei Jiangsu Anhui Guizhou Hunan Shandong Yunnan Fujian Sichuan

Quantity(person) 25 17 16 12 10 10 9 9 7 5

Percentage(%) 18.4 12.5 11.8 8.8 7.4 7.4 6.6 6.6 5.1 3.7

Seeing from the data of population migrating workers, top 3 0rigins of inter provincial migrating workers are Henan (18.4%), Hubei (12.5%) and Jiangsu (11.8%). Most of the top ten origins of inter provincial migration population are neighboring provinces of Jiangxi, underdeveloped provinces and populous provinces, such as Hunan, Guizhou, Henan, etc.

Ganzhou

Value High Low

Fig. 5 OD Analysis Migrating Workers within Jiangxi Province

Xinjiang

Among the respondents, there are 294 migrants within Jiangxi province (including those who cross cities but move within the province). Most of them are from Nanchang (31.6%), Shangrao (12.6%), Jiujiang (10.9%), Fuzhou (10.5%) and Yichun (10.5%). It is worth noting that the top five sources are all prefecture level cities adjacent to Nanchang city.

Fig. 3 Top 10 Origins of Migrating Workers within Jiangxi Province No.

Province

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Nanchang Shangrao Jiujiang Fuzhou Yichun Jian Fengcheng Yingtan Xinyu Zhangshu

Quantity(person) 93 37 32 31 31 20 9 8 7 7

Henan

Jiangsu

Percentage(%) 31.6 12.6 10.9 10.5 10.5 6.8 3.1 2.7 2.4 2.4

Shandong

Sichuan Hubei Yunan

Anhui

Guizhou

Legend Population

Value

HIgh Low

51 26