HEALING WOUNDED SITE THROUGH MOVEMENT DESIGN DIARY Teck Kang Poh
CONTENT Chapter 1: PRIMER INVESTIGATION 1.1 Primer Precedent Study 1.2 Simulation of Pedestrian Movement Pattern 1.3 3D Studio Max Crowd System 1.4 Typical Pedestrian Movement Behaviors and Their Patterns 1.5 Pedestrian Movement Test Model and its Iterations 1.6 From Primer to Design
4 7 8 9 12 16
Chapter 2: SITE, SITE ANALYSIS, STRATEGIES, PROGRAMME, PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT SIM 2.1 Introduction 18 2.2 Site 19 2.3 Site Macro Strategy 23 2.4 Project Proposal Brief 25 2.5 Clients and Their Requirements, and Programme Brief 26 2.6 Site Analysis and Strategy 29 2.7 Programme Framework 41 2.8 Pedestrian Simulation on Graound Level 43 Chapter 3: CONCEPTS AND PRECEDENT STUDIES 3.1 Design Concepts 3.2 Design Precedents
48 50
Chapter 4: DESIGN THESIS DEVELOPMENT 4.1 Massing Models 4.2 Schematic Design 4.3 Environmental and Tectonic Strategy
55 56 57
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1.0 PRIMER INVESTIGATION
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1.1
PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY
Branching and Subdivision on a Leaf I started the primer by studying precedents based on themes of branching and subdivision. The first one is branching and subdivision on a leaf.
Subdivisions of the leaf work on the collection of sunlight energy through photosyntesis, absorbing CO2 and releasing O2 as the by-products.
This precedent study aims to investigate how a leaf is formed to work efficiently under influence from different natural elements (sun, water, gravity etc). Lessons should be learned from nature, on how spatial organisation and built form should correspond to the elements in the context which will influence indirectly or directly to the built environment. These elements include sun, wind, circulation, topography, socio-economy, views, linkage, etc. These are the variables which the parameters of the design are corresponding to. The image on the bottom left is the exploded exonometric view of the leaf surface, highlighting the structure of the veins and the spaces in-between.
Branches of veins work on transporting the water and mineral from the roots into the leaf, and also transporting sap with dissolved sucrose out of the leaf.
PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY
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Altstetten Station
SBB Workstation
Hardbrucke Station
Logistic
Zurich Central Station
Zurich Rail Track Field This precedent study on rail track field west of Zurich specifically looks at how two different uses of the rail track field for public transport and for produce logistic, train parking and train maintenance intervene with one another. The public transport rail tracks weaving their way through the massive rail track field (logistic, parking and maintenance) and hence branch out to different destinations, creating this complex yet logical pattern. Red lines and spots indicate the rail tracks for produce logistic, train parking and train maintenance while black lines indicate the rail tracks for public transport. The yellow coloured area indicates the train stations.
PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY
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Forbidden City, Beijing The image shows the forbidden city in Beijing. It is a walled complex, within which subdivided into different smaller parts and courtyards, and there is strong sense of hierrachy in the subdivision, of which depends on the status, the orientation etc. There is similarity to how a city is divided into districts (central district has different subdivision than other districts), and also how a municipal office is divided into different departments. Therefore, the pattern of subdivision depends on numerous variables within the framework.
Motorway Interchange at Shanghai The image shows one of the motorway interchanges in Shanghai. Motorway interchange is the meeting point of many branches of motorway. It enables seamless flow of traffic from one branch to another and also enables the branches of motorway to tap into different areas in the city. Small branches from the main branches are there to connect all the main branches together and to ensure seamless traffic flow in a motorway interchange in shanghai. Can be seen from the diagram that the main branches split out into small branches which later combine again with other small branches to form other main branches. The design of the small branches depend heavily on the constraints of the site.
From these studies, I found out that branching and subdivisions happens under certain rules and external conditions, that they happen for certain reason. Therefore, these processes are parametric in nature, ie when one of the parameters alters, the result will change as well. Subsequently, I went on looking at how pedestrians behave under influence from different parameters in the built environment. In other words, how the built environment is designed can to a certain extent determine how the pedestrians move around. PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY
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1.2
SIMULATION OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT PATTERN
To investigate how pedestrian behave under different parameters in built environment, I need to highlight first the important pedestrian behaviors, and how these behaviors are influenced and determined by the design parameters in the built environment. Hence, I need to simulate these behaviors in relation to the design parameters introduced. Below is a physical model showing underlying idea behind pedestrian movement pattern. I used several magnet rods, 2 attracted and sandwiched the persplex sheet in between both magnet rods. These pairs of magnet rods represent the design parameters, when they are moved around, the pattern of the string attached in between these two magnet rods changes as well.
3D STUDIO MAX CROWD SYSTEM
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1.3
3D STUDIO MAX CROWD SYSTEM
I am using 3D Studio Max Crowd System to simulate pedestrian movement pattern. 3D Studio Max Crowd System is used usually to create real-life crowd animation. Therefore, it is appropriate to be used for my primer of testing and altering the crowd system to simulate pedestrian movement pattern. In the crowd system, there are some basic movement behaviors to simulate the real-life behaviors. Some real-life movement behaviors that I postulated here in my primer are the combination of different basic behaviors.
Crowd Helper
Delegates
A crowd system consists of a crowd helper and delegates. Crowd helper can be used to clone delegates and distribute the clones, add behaviors, apply behaviors to delegates, and solve the crowd animation. The solving of a crowd animation is based on parameters that set in the crowd model, which includes geometries in the model that influence the behaviors and the parameters of the behaviors. The delegates are helpers which can be used to link to objects, but in my primer, the actual form of the objects is not a big concern, therefore the delegates are used to produce trajectories for my pedestrian movement patterns, while different parameters and behaviors affect their movement pattern. In the following section, through observing video footages on public spaces on the web, I have identified a few important pedestrian movement behaviors and used 3D Studio Max crowd system to simulate them. Hence, these behaviors are used in my test model to examine how changes of the parameters in the model can transform pedestrian movement pattern.
3D STUDIO MAX CROWD SYSTEM
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1.4
TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS
The following diagrams show typical pedestrian movement behaviors and their patterns. It is true that it is impossible to dissect fully how pedestrians move and behave in public spaces. They are part of the complex organism of an urban system, where plurality of human behaviors is extensive. Therefore, I have highlighted just a handful of important and most typical pedestrian movement behaviors, which I can use to predict and forecast pedestrian movement pattern in urban and architecture designs.
WANDERING BEHAVIOR Delegates exhibit semi-random wandering behavior which led them to walk aimlessly, typically suitable for a shopping mall or public square.
AVOID EACH OTHER Delegates will avoid each other while continue on in their directions, through turning, braking and repelling. This is the most basic behavior that all delegates exhibit.
AVOID OBSTACLES Delegates will avoid obstacles in their path and get repelled from the obstacles.
TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS
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POINT ATTRACTOR Delegates will be attracted to a point in space while moving on in their direction.
FINITE CIRCULAR ATTRACTOR Delegates will be attracted to a finite circular object in space while moving on in their direction. They will be following along the attractor surface and then repelled from the object at certain distance from the object.
FINITE ORTHOGONAL ATTRACTOR Delegates will be attracted to a finite orthogonal object in space while moving on in their direction. They will be following along the attractor surface and then repelled from the object at certain distance from the object.
TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS
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SPACE WARP BEHAVIOR Delegates will be warped along a curved geometry. This behavior is suitable for situations like walking along a threshold in a public space.
PATH FOLLOW BEHAVIOR Delegates will walk along designated paths to their destinations. This network of paths which determine the destinations and point of departure of the pedestrians can be altered in the design process and subsequently pedestrian movement pattern transforms as well.
SURFACE FOLLOW BEHAVIOR Delegates will walk in their directions following on the form of the surface they are walking on, for example, they will walk along the same contour line instead of transversing the contour lines. SPEED VARY BEHAVIOR This behavior cannot be shown in the diagram, but it is also an essential behavior where delegates’ speeds vary randomly. The speed of every pedestrian differ from each other and depends on their physique. TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS
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1.5
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS
ITERATION 1 This is the most basic iteration, with ‘avoid each other’, ‘wandering’, ‘speed vary’ and ‘path follow’ behaviors applied. Delegates will walk to their destinations designated in the network of paths while observing the other basic behaviors.
ITERATION 2 In this iteration, finite circular attractor is introduced. Can be seen here that delegates swayed from the path into the attractor, before continue on in the path directions.
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS
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ITERATION 3 In this iteration, obstacles are introduced to avoid direct line of action from the attractor on the delegates, hence diverting the delegates away from the attractor, diminishing its effect.
ITERATION 4 In this iteration, space warps are introduced to streamline the delegates movement pattern.
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS
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ITERATION 5 In this iteration, the attractor is removed to see how the delegates move in the space around the attractor; can be seen here that this space looks deserted and unused.
ITERATION 6 In this iteration, the dimension of the attractor is increased, to see how delegates movement pattern might differ from that of iteration 4 with smaller attractor.
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS
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ITERATION 7 In this iteration, the strength of the attractor is increased, with higher attraction force to see how it will influence the delegates movement pattern. Can be seen here that delegates spend more time in the space around the attractor, and consequently creating disruptions to the flow of movement.
ITERATION 8 In this iteration, one of the paths is deformed and moved further away from the attractor. Can be seen here that the attractor has less influence on delegates moving on that path.
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS
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1.6
FROM PRIMER TO DESIGN
Primer is about pedestrian movement behaviors and how design parameters will influence these behaviors and the subsequent movement pattern. Therefore, I am looking at how the ideas behind the primer can be utilised to inform the design process through iteration of processes as follows.
Organisation of functions and the network of links between them. The existing features have created constraints for the designation of the links.
People movement pattern simulation and analyse the quality of the movement pattern.
Re-organisation of functions and subsequently the network of links so that the people movement pattern is improved.
Introduction of other features like attractor, space warp elements, etc to improve the people movement pattern.
Reiteration of the whole process until desirable people movement pattern is achieved. The desirable network of links will become the backbone for subsequent design processes, and the form of the architecture will be designed to accommodate people movement pattern.
FROM PRIMER TO DESIGN
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2.0 SITE, SITE ANALYSIS, STRATEGIES, PROGRAMME, PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT SIM
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2.1
INTRODUCTION
In the primer, I did investigation on simulation of people movement pattern and how it can be used to inform in my subsequent design thesis processes. To test it on the design stage, the chosen site is very important. It should be a brownfield or disused site in a city quarter, where it is segregated from the city centre by railways and highways, and hence how the site can be linked back to the city and healed through people movement will be the main theme of the design processes. The methodology of this design project is to use my primer as the apparatus or tool to simulate people movement pattern when design and architecture elements are introduced. From the simulation I can determine how well a designed space might be, and subsequently the movement pattern and the parameters applied will be the backbone for my subsequent design processes. Although the simulation may not be empirical, but the idea behind it is to get rudimentary ideas and impressions on how the people might use the place, therefore, the movement pattern simulation can be used as an important design starting point. However, the design project will not be based solely on the simulation, rather, it will also be looked from multiple readings of the site, and subsequently the corresponding strategies from the site analysis will be integrated together with the simulation to produce well-thought and context-sensitive design precursors.
INTRODUCTION
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2.2
SITE
The chosen site is located along southern edge of city centre in Cardiff, segregated from the city centre by elevated railway tracks. During industrial age when Cardiff Bay (Cardiff Docklands) was at its zenith, the area from the site till the tip of the docklands in the south housed thriving community and numerous basins, docks and canals, which were the backbones of the port of Cardiff Docklands. Cardiff Docklands was the biggest coal exporting port in the world, with railway used to transport coal from inland to the port for exporting. Railway tracks and docks were the common sight during its heyday, alongside with the thriving community in Butetown. However, after the collapse of coal industry in the late 50s, the port deteriorated and subsequently largely became disused. In the late 80s, a major redevelopment for the area called Cardiff Bay started. It is a controversial redevelopment, as the built environment of the port was changed beyond recognition, with canals and docks filled up and railway tracks removed, replaced by mostly typological housing blocks, despite introduction of some state of the art architecture. Now, its original characters were the remote past, with little traces of the past. The area is now so alienated from the city centre and its history, where both city centre and the docklands were once connected, sharing the same characters and purpose. Due to the unsuccessful of Cardiff Bay development to heighten the awareness of Cardiff built environment and its heritage, hence, the project should be design to address this issue, and is aimed to increase appreciation towards Cardiff surviving heritage buildings as well as subsequently increase awareness and participation of local population in Cardiff present and future built environment. The site is sandwiched between Cardiff Docklands and the city centre. Therefore, it is the best site for a project to re-link both sides of the city, and to act as the incubator for the ‘renaissance’ of Cardiff built-environment. And to re-link means to heal the wounded site with people movement through the site.
SITE
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The site, where city centre is located across the railway at the North. Around the site are office buildings (Callaghan Square) to the West and proposed Capital Quarter Development to the East of the site
SITE
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CENTRAL TRAIN STATION
CAFÉ QUARTER Bars, restaurants etc.
ST DAVIDS / JOHN LEWIS
PROPOSED NEW PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE CARDIFF INTERNATIONAL ARENA
ATRIUM
QUEEN STREET TRAIN STATION
University of Glamorgan
500 SPACE CAR PARK
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
www.capitalquarter.co.uk
To M4
Cardiff Bay
CITY MEETS CENTRE
Cardiff Bay
CARDIFF BAY & LINK TO M4 MOTORWAY
In addition to the Callaghan Square business park located across Bute Street to the West of the site, a new development namely Capital Quarter is proposed across Bute Dock feeder canal to the East of the site. When completed, this development consists of office spaces, residential units and university departments. Therefore, this development will create demand for public spaces, shops and gastronomy outlets in the vicinity. The chosen site which is sandwiched between these two developments has huge potential to be developed into a one-stop place for people working and living in the vicinity.
SITE
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SITE
Walking towards the site from city centre under railway bridge
The site, viewed from the railway bridge
Existing industrial-era warehouse building, owned by Welsh National Opera, slated to be demolished
Railway viaducts along the northern edge of the site
Modern skyline along the northern edge of the site, separating the site and beyond from city centre
The railway viaducts, and the site which is now used as temporary car parking spaces
More car parking spaces on the site
The West facade of the existing warehouse building
Along the eastern edge of the site is the Bute Dock Feeding Canal
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SITE MACRO STRATEGY
2.3
SITE MACRO STRATEGY
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Macro Strategy - Heritage Route and Cycling Route A heritage and cycling route (in collaboration with Oybike) will go through the area with contrasting characters along it. From the controversial development at the bay to the remaining industrial and port heritage along the railway and the dock, and to the civic and city centre of Cardiff, this route will open the eyes of local people and visitors how Cardiff has transformed, hence increasing awareness on the built-environment of Cardiff. The site is at the centre and anchor point of the route, which will act as an information centre of Cardiff built environment, showcasing vital info and history of Cardiff, as a place for Cardiff City Council to share its vision for the future of Cardiff with the local people, and as a place where workshops and discussions on future developments in Cardiff can take place. Oybike rental station will be located on the site to improve the cycling accessibility through the area. Macro Strategy - Railway Station A new railway station will be built on the site, to serve patrons from surrounding developments, as well as the local population. At a larger scale, it will increase the accessibility to the site from larger extent of the city Macro Strategy - Green Belt Recreational green belt will be created starting from the site to Cardiff Bay along the railway track to the bay.
SITE MACRO STRATEGY
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2.4
PROJECT PROPOSAL BRIEF
The proposed project is called Cardiff Centre for the Built Environment (CCBE), with the main aim to improve the city’s future architecture, urban planning and construction practice, so that they will be more sensitive to the existing urban texture of Cardiff and to the environment, and subsequently more well thought and holistic future architecture and urban design. It is hoped that by showcasing the past of Cardiff’s built-environment, awareness of it and its transformation will be instilled to the local population and the public. Consequently, this project is also aimed to open the built environment scene in Cardiff to the local population as well as visitors, to let them understand and appreciate its past, and hence to include their views and feedback on Cardiff’s future architecture and urban planning. This place will act as the incubator of views and knowledge on Cardiff’s built environment, which emphasizes on the contribution from all levels of society. The project will be the main nodal point along the proposed public heritage route - will act as the source of information on Cardiff’s built environment for pedestrian along the route. The idea of making it the nodal point on the proposed route is aimed to make this centre the meeting point, and subsequently draw people into the galleries of Cardiff’s built environment. Hence, public realm is an important theme for this project, where it will be embedded and weaved within and with the public routes and spaces of the city. In addition to the nodal point function for the public heritage route, the project is also designed as the meeting place for professional planners, city council, traders, and the public, where planning workshops are held between the planners, city council and the public, and also where traders can exhibit their products, therefore increasing competition and quality. Also, this facility will provide start-up spaces for new young architectural firms. As an aspiration of the city council to improve accessibility between Cardiff and Cardiff Bay, a railway station will be introduced to the site, whereby people from the surrounding offices and future development of Capital Quarter will be benefited from the station. It will also act as an important attractor on the site in addition to other attractors proposed - the centre for the built environment, green belt to Cardiff Bay and series of public spaces.
PROJECT PROPOSAL BRIEF
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2.5 ARCHITECTS DEVELOPERS CONTRACTORS CITY COUNCILDCSW TRADERS
ilty ssib
cse
A City e v pro
Im
Railway Station
CLIENTS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS, AND PROGRAMME BRIEF
Attrac t
Rent
Invest
ments
Conference Products Showcase
City Forum Planning Workshops Public Spaces Restaurants & Cafes
CARDIFF CENTRE FOR BUILT-ENVIRONMENT
Adds Cardiff Built-environment Value Improves Construction and Planning Scene
of e y od ba M he ve t ati to rn rt te po Al ans Tr
Galleries of Development Areas History of Cardiff Gallery Cardiff City Scale Models Gallery
LOCAL COMMUNITY GROUPS PUBLIC & VISITORS
CLIENTS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS
e d Prid nd History n a g ta gin Belon nvironmen f o e s E lt Sen iff Bui d r a C n ness o
Aware
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PUBLIC
(governmental architecture and planning organisations)
DCSW
-Champions good design and high quality built environ(Design Commission for ment in through design reviews, public participations and Wales) educations. Strategic Plan- -Regenerates the site and its surrounding area through urban design. ning & Environ- -Showcases the Cardi urban development plans to the public and encourages public participation in the planment ning process (Cardi City Council)
Public-Private Partnership
PRIVATE
(main players in built-environment)
RSAW
(through contribution from major architects)
Developers Traders Contractors Commercial Partners
Network Rail CLIENTS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS
-Champions good design and high quality built environment in through design reviews, public participations and educations. -Networking and business expansion for the architects, developers, construction traders and contractors.
-Operates commercial outlets in the scheme -Close joint work needed with Network Rail for construction of new train platforms, reuse of the viaducts for commercial purposes and upgrading of the elevated rail track section which runs across the site 27
Programme Brief The programmes include galleries for the scale models of the city, history of the city and different development areas in the city. These galleries will together form the main circulation route of the architectural promenade through the facility. Other facilities include a mid-sized auditorium, rooms for workshops and meetings, and product exhibition space. Besides the facilities of CCBE, the commercial part of the project provides spaces for shops and gastronomy outlets. Public space and green belt mediate in between CCBE and the commercial part. The commercial is essential as it can provide revenue to the whole project, as well as attract crowd into the project. Rough Estimate of Area Required for Each Programme Gallery space for scale models of Cardiff City Gallery space for the history of Cardiff City Gallery spaces for different development areas in Cardiff Gallery spaces for case studies on selected project in Wales Office spaces for starting up of new architecture practice Auditorium Workshop and meeting rooms Educational facilities Event space for product exhibition Cafes and restaurants Public open spaces Public arcade Administrative Offices Utilities and other services Souvenir Shops Railway Station
PROGRAMME BRIEF
700m2 100m2 200m2 200m2 200m2 500m2 200m2 125m2 225m2 1000m2
100m2 125m2 100m2 500m2
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2.6
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Nolli Plan The diagram across shows the Nolli Plan of the area. The density at the city centre is a lot higher than that of Cardiff Bay. This difference shows that Cardiff Bay is very segregated from the city centre, because of the low density Cardiff Bay development and also the different land use. Therefore, this project should act as the transition from high density to low density, in other words, it should be in the middle of both.
SITE ANALYSIS
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Land Use Huge diversity of land use around the site, proves that the project should and expected to add value socially and environmentally to the existing and future development, serving diverse sphere of people around the site.
SITE ANALYSIS
Residential
Hotel
OďŹƒces
Industrial
Shopping
Education
Gastronomy & Night Life
Cultural & Religion
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Edge Condition Analysis The diagram across shows existing edge condition of the site. The red coloured annotation represents the obstructive and repulsive elevated railway tracks and viaducts which divide the site into two. The blue coloured annotation represents the attractive nature of the Bute dock feeder canal as water element which is currently under-utilised. The black coloured annotation represents heavy traffic street boundary which is repulsive, with sound and noise pollution.
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
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Edge Condition Strategy These edges should be intervened and utilised while retaining its characteristics. The spaces beneath the viaduct to the northern edge will be adaptive reused for shops and gastronomy outlets. The elevated railway track in between both ends of the site will be transformed into a urban green belt, which will continue along the railway track down to the bay. The pedestrian routes will be designed to weave through the site.
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
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Site Structure Analysis The diagram across shows the structure of the site. It is orthogonal in nature, with the elevated railway track and road disrupt the site structure.
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
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Site Structure Strategy The site structure should as much as possible be taken as the precursors behind the formation of the structure grid of the schematic design.
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
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Vistas Analysis Due to the centrality of the site within the context of Cardiff city, generous provision of views from the site to its surrounding (the bay, Butetown, city centre etc) are important features. This nature of the site should be exploited as much as possible to add value to the urban design of Cardiff city through introduction of urban meeting spaces for local population and tourists with views out to different parts of the city. The diagram across shows important features within the site vicinity and parts of the site which offer important views. Pockets of spaces with different views will be dotted around the scheme.
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
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Vistas Strategy Pockets of spaces with different views will be dotted around the scheme, contained within continuous important routes and spaces.
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
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Sun Exposure Analysis The diagram across shows the existing sun shadow range and exposure throughout the whole year. Due to the south facing nature of the site, quite a big portion of the sites receive a lot of sunshine throughout the year.
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
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Sun Exposure Strategy These bright areas will be fully utilised as public squares and green spaces.
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
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Ground Texture Analysis The diagram across shows the existing ground texture, where the west side of the site is covered with alsphalt for car parking, while the elevated railway is covered with vegetation and the east side is covered with gravel. The character of the ground texture is combination of nature, rustic and new surfaces.
Alsphalt surface
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Grass & Gravel surface
Gravel surface
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Ground Texture Strategy The strategy is to unite all these different ground textures with new surface treatment of vegetation, while retaining original characters of each surface. For example, vegetation will be introduced into both gravel and alsphate surfaces by means of planting etc.
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
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2.7
PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK
City Centre
Capital Quarter Development Railway Station Gastronomy and Shops
CCBE Event and Exposition Hall
Bute Dock Feeder Canal Public Space
CCBE Internal Public Space with City Model
Bute St. Public Space
CCBE Souvenir Shop Callaghan Square
CCBE Main Entrance Foyer CCBE Admin Offices CCBE Auditorium
Elevated Green Public Space
viewpoint
CCBE Cardiff Architecture Heritage Gallery CCBE Development Areas Gallery
CCBE Workshop and Meeting Rooms
CCBE Cafe CCBE Wales Case Study Gallery
viewpoint
CCBE Construction and Built Environment Products Gallery Butetown PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK
*CCBE - Cardiff Centre for the Built Environment
Cardiff Bay 41
City Centre
1 2 3 4 5 6 Capital Quarter 7 Development 8 9
4 6
5
2
3
1 7 9
Callaghan Square
Butetown
11
11
8
10
PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK
8
10
12
13
15 14
12 13 14 15
CCBE Internal Public Space with City Model Bute St. Public Space Bute Dock Feeder Canal Public Space Railway Station CCBE Event and Exposition Hall Gastronomy and Shops CCBE Main Entrance Foyer Elevated Green Public Space CCBE Auditorium CCBE Workshop and Meeting Rooms CCBE Cardiff Architecture Heritage Gallery CCBE Development Areas Gallery CCBE Cafe CCBE Wales Case Study Gallery CCBE Products Gallery
Cardiff Bay 42
2.8
PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL
The diagrams across shows iteration of parameters introduced in the site crowd system model. First, paths are introduced which lead to different parts of the site. Simulation is done with the basis that no other parameters are introduced except for the paths. Then, further iterations are done with introduction of attractors and obstacles. Attractors being the attractive features within the programmes.
PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL
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The diagrams on the left show further iterations with modified paths with shorter distances.
The diagrams on the right show further iterations without predefined paths within the site, except for only paths which lead to the site, and simulation is done based on the basis that the delegates will find the shortest and most efficient way through the site to get to the destination paths. From these patterns, main pedestrian routes can be simplified and determined.
PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL
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Reading of Pedestrian Simulation Patterns From the simulation and corresponding pattern of movement produced, the main pedestrian routes will be determined through iteration. The final iteration is shown below.
PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL
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ay ilw
Ra
The diagram across shows the main pedestrian route and the green belt, main public spaces and the main CCBE building complex alignment, concluded from all the information gathered from previous studies and analysis.
y& nom
ps
Sho
Even t
& Ex
po H
all
tro Gas
CC
BE
E
CCB
PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL
E
CCB
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3.0 CONCEPTS AND PRECEDENT STUDIES
47
3.1
DESIGN CONCEPTS
Centrality The development will become the centre of many things. It will be the anchor point of the proposed heritage route, it will be the one-stop and meeting point for patrons around the area, it will become meeting point for those interested and involved in built environment, it will be centre with lots of viewpoints to Cardiff city and it will be the anchor point of green belt which will run from Cardiff city to Cardiff bay.
Forms The form of the complex will take into account of the existing site structure, as well as ways to break this structure to produce interweaving form.
DESIGN CONCEPTS
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The diagram summarises the main design concept, with huge internal public space contained within the existing warehouse building, with interior stripped off, and its facade is supported with new steel structure. The internal public space will be the centre of the project. It is the anchor point to all the public spaces, routes and heritage route, and surrounded by green belt, mostly elevated and built along the elevated railway track. It is linked to viewpoints which together form a near complete loop.
DESIGN CONCEPTS
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3.2
PRECEDENT STUDY
Casa Da Musica, Porto Architectural promenade circling around the auditorium, with different functions and smaller theatres along the promenade. Most of these different functions and smaller theatre orient themselves towards the auditorium.
PRECEDENT STUDY
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Maxxi, Rome The most imposing feature of Maxxi is the curves and axes. These lines respond to the existing orthogonal site structure, producing another intriguing reading of the site. To celebrate these lines, Zaha Hadid introduce interesting skylight which runs along the line, with fins which is as deep as 1.5m, but houses different layer of glazing, sun shading, and louvre. The idea of compacting several feature inside the fins is very holistic. People movement is also very celebrated here, with bridges and walkways interweaving in the main full storey foyer, leading to different destinations.
PRECEDENT STUDY
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Caixa Forum, Madrid This complex poses intriguing question on how new structure is introduced in the old facade and lifted the facade up to open ground floor to the public space, and thus creating a continuous public space which runs from outside to inside.
Tate Modern, London Again, internal public space is celebrated here, with the downward slope and expansive ground floor public space, with functions on one of its edges ‘hanging’ out from the structure.
Pulse 5, Zurich Another adaptive reuse project of former industrial building. Here, ground floor public space is continuous from outside to inside, with the facade acting as the transitionary feature.
PRECEDENT STUDY
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Building Centre, London This building is not interesting architecturally, but the fact that its London city scale model is located in front of the building visible to outside makes it an attraction to outsiders.
Bundesplatz, Bern Water feature like this in Bern can be potentially be used to reflect and celebrate the built fabric effectively, and it also can become attraction for people who don’t mind to get wet on hot summer days.
Copper Square, New York The materiality of preforated steel cladding used in this project is interesting as from far, it looks like solid concrete panels, but up close it is transparent, and even so when at night. Preforated metal mesh can be used to play transparency and opacity on the facade, as well as providing environmental benefit of sun shading for south facing facade. PRECEDENT STUDY
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4.0 DESIGN THESIS DEVELOPMENT
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4.1
MASSING MODEL
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MASSING MODEL
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From the diagram across which is concluded from all information gathered in site analysis, strategies, pedestrian simulation and programme framework, it is quite obvious where to locate the functions. Hence, several massing models are made. Shown here are the two important ones.
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Further design brought in more detail features which explain all studies done. As can be seen here, the overall masterplan doesn’t change much, mainly because of the studies done and the strategies concluded become the main driving idea behind most design decisions.
In certain design areas, the decisions are made through formalistic approach of tracing the pedestrian movement pattern derived in the simulation earlier on the plan.
SCHEMATIC DESIGN
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Design with added facade details and structure is carefully design so that it works at all levels.
Below are more developed floor plans Ground floor, first floor (middle), and second floor (far right)
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
SCHEMATIC DESIGN
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4.1
ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECTONIC STRATEGY
Material pallete is chosen at very early stage, so that design will revolve around these main materials.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECTONIC STRATEGY
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECTONIC STRATEGY
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