Thesis I final report

The American University in Cairo

AENG 490 Thesis I - Final Report

Conducted By: Nemat Abdallah Ahmed Atalla Aly Adel Ahmed Desouky

Contents Group Part .............................................................................................................. 6 The General Problem .............................................................................................. 7 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 7 Affecting Factors:........................................................................................................... 7 Cultural layers affecting pre-modern Cairo: ................................................................... 7 Religious Factors: .............................................................................................................. 7 Socioeconomic Factors ..................................................................................................... 8 Analytical Maps: ............................................................................................................ 9 Population Density............................................................................................................ 9 Formal vs. Informal Settlements .................................................................................... 10 Various Urban Fabrics across Cairo ................................................................................ 11 Urban Development ....................................................................................................... 12

Zamalek Case Study .............................................................................................. 14

The 1920’s British Survey of Egypt: Planning Guide Lines ............................................. 15 Emphasis on gardens and green spaces: ........................................................................ 15 Large Set backs ............................................................................................................... 15 Limited Heights of Buildings ........................................................................................... 15 Comparing Past and Present Urban Tissues: ................................................................ 16 Transformation of Agricultural Land to Urban Uses ....................................................... 16 Increased Densification in Zamalek ................................................................................ 17 Infill Construction ........................................................................................................... 18 Change in Skyline ............................................................................................................ 18

Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 19 The General Approach .......................................................................................... 20

Finding a common Identity ............................................................................................. 20 Embracing Individuality .................................................................................................. 20 ........................................................................................................................................ 20

Imbaba ................................................................................................................. 21

Services ........................................................................................................................... 21 Transportation Duality .................................................................................................... 21 Urban Design .................................................................................................................. 22 Religious Conflict: ........................................................................................................... 22 Other Conflicts: ............................................................................................................... 22

Aziz Ezzat .............................................................................................................. 25

Historical Background .................................................................................................. 25 1920-50 ........................................................................................................................... 25 1952-70 ........................................................................................................................... 25 Culture: ........................................................................................................................... 25 Socioeconomic: ............................................................................................................... 25 Current Statistics ......................................................................................................... 26 Social Problem ............................................................................................................. 27 Disappointment .............................................................................................................. 27 Transformation ............................................................................................................... 27 Oblivious ......................................................................................................................... 28 Isolation .......................................................................................................................... 28 Types of people: .......................................................................................................... 28

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Drug Dealers: .................................................................................................................. 28 Drug users: ...................................................................................................................... 28 Prostitutes: ..................................................................................................................... 28 Regular Citizen: ............................................................................................................... 28 Stakeholders................................................................................................................ 29 Site Analysis ................................................................................................................ 30 Topography ..................................................................................................................... 30 Edges ............................................................................................................................... 30 Urban Fabric: .................................................................................................................. 33 Land Use ......................................................................................................................... 33 Nodes and Landmarks .................................................................................................... 34 Street Network ............................................................................................................... 35 Metro and railroad ......................................................................................................... 36 Ferry ................................................................................................................................ 37 Environmental Characteristics: ....................................................................................... 38 Building Conditions & Heights ........................................................................................ 39 Public Services ................................................................................................................ 40 Architectural Styles ......................................................................................................... 41 Open Spaces ................................................................................................................... 42 Proposed Solutions ...................................................................................................... 43 Thesis Statement ......................................................................................................... 43 The Program ................................................................................................................ 43 Stage 1: ........................................................................................................................... 43 Stage 3: ........................................................................................................................... 44 The Brand .................................................................................................................... 45 Master plan: ................................................................................................................ 46 Influence ..................................................................................................................... 47

Individual Proposals.............................................................................................. 48 Community Development Center.......................................................................... 49

Introduction ................................................................................................................ 50 Target Group: .............................................................................................................. 52 Goals & Objectives: ..................................................................................................... 52 Concept Statement: ..................................................................................................... 57 Program Studies: ......................................................................................................... 57 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs....................................................................................... 58 Calvià Running Track / Niu Arquitectura ...................................................................... 60 Gehua Youth and Cultural Center / Open Architecture................................................. 62 Site Location: ............................................................................................................... 64 Site Zoning:.................................................................................................................. 68 Space Program............................................................................................................. 69 .................................................................................................................................... 69 Design Criteria ............................................................................................................. 70

Vocational/Technical school: ................................................................................ 72

Problem Definition: ..................................................................................................... 73 Education Drop outs: ...................................................................................................... 73 Employment rate ............................................................................................................ 75 The Crime problem (Drugs): ........................................................................................... 76 Study by Sir Ken Robinson: .......................................................................................... 77 The site: ....................................................................................................................... 79 Layer Two: Different Programs: ...................................................................................... 81

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Layer four: Program Specifics: ........................................................................................ 82 Zoning: ............................................................................................................................ 85 Classes of the Factory and Market Programs: ................................................................ 87 Classes of el “Hara” ......................................................................................................... 88 Compiled zoning: ............................................................................................................ 89 The Space Program: ........................................................................................................ 91

The Factory ‫ اﻧﺘﺞ‬..................................................................................................... 94

Conducted By: ................................................................................................................. 94 Aly Adel ........................................................................................................................... 94 Factory Background: .................................................................................................... 95 Lost Value .................................................................................................................... 95 Potential ...................................................................................................................... 95 Brighter Future ............................................................................................................ 95 Apple Business Model Case Study ................................................................................ 96 Proposed Business Model ............................................................................................ 96 Phase 1 HQ:..................................................................................................................... 96 Phase 2 Owner & Design: ............................................................................................... 97 Phase 3 Products: ........................................................................................................... 97 Ipekyol Factory Case Study, Turkey .............................................................................. 98 Workshops Design Criteria:........................................................................................ 100 Soguroko Office Case Study, Japan ............................................................................ 102 Space Program........................................................................................................... 104 Zoning ....................................................................................................................... 105

Market: (‫ )بسكإ‬................................................................................................... 107

History:...................................................................................................................... 108 Development: ............................................................................................................ 109 Current market problems: ......................................................................................... 111 Informality: ................................................................................................................... 111 Congestion: ................................................................................................................... 112 Pedestrian Safety : ........................................................................................................ 112 Hygiene & Waste disposal: ........................................................................................... 113 Illegally imported clothes: ............................................................................................ 114 Transportation costs: .................................................................................................... 114 Why upgrade and relocate in Aziz Ezzat? ................................................................... 115 Concept Statement: ................................................................................................... 117 Site selection: ............................................................................................................ 118 First the transportation factor: ..................................................................................... 118 Second the supplying factory: ...................................................................................... 118 Third proximity to existing attractions: ........................................................................ 118 Precedents: ............................................................................................................... 119 Casablanca sustainable market square: ..................................................................... 119 Rotterdam market hall, MVRDV: ............................................................................... 120 Barceló market, nieto sobejano ................................................................................. 122 Proposed approaches: ............................................................................................... 123 Wider Pedestrian Circulation:....................................................................................... 123 Separating the loading/unloading process underground along with parking .............. 123 Creating storage for the market (underground): ......................................................... 124 Platform by night: ......................................................................................................... 124 Create a Waste Management System: ......................................................................... 124 Utilize the railway: ........................................................................................................ 125

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Create prepared food Outlets: ..................................................................................... 125 Provide functionally organized spaces: ........................................................................ 125 Outlets designated for the factory: .............................................................................. 126 Expand/extend the existing market: ............................................................................ 126 The Brand/Identity: ...................................................................................................... 127 Zoning: ...................................................................................................................... 128

Table of Figures: ................................................................................................. 131

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Group Part

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The General Problem Introduction “SOCIAL SELF IDENTIFICATION is the process by which we define ourselves in terms and categories that we share with other people.

In contrast to characterizations of personal identity, which may be highly idiosyncratic, social identities assume some commonalities with others. This chapter introduces several key issues surrounding social identity, including form and content, assessment, development and change and identity negotiation.” (Deaux, 3) Throughout time, Cairo has been focal point in writing its history. A history that has been very diverse in comparison to the fluctuating nature in such short time. The oscillation of events on small intervals caused a layering process to most aspects of the identity of Cairo. In particular social identification of individuals, the layering process drastically affected it, where a lot of social sectors emerged from the society.

Some continued to exist and overlap with others and others became extinct by time.

Throughout the years, Cairo has been affected by many factors that have helped shape Cairo and Cairenes until the present day. All of these factors have resulted in the various identities that make the Egyptian population today.

Affecting Factors: •

Cultural Layers

•

Historical Events

•

Socio-Economical Factors

•

Educational Development

•

Political Progress

Cultural layers affecting pre-modern Cairo: Four main cultural affecters on the society of the Ancient Cairo; each layer had an extended growth of its impact on society until today. As shown in the figure below the different periods occurred but in reality, they all have their impact until our current era.

Religious Factors: 1. Ancient Egypt 2. Judaism 3. Christianity 4. Islam

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Figure 1 Cultural layers affecting Egypt since Antiquity

Socioeconomic Factors

Figure 2 Political, Educational & Socio-Economical layers affecting Modern Egypt

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Figure 3 Modern Egypt's different Periods

Analytical Maps: Population Density

Figure 4 Population Density

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The densities of different districts of Cairo versus their area show the kind of overly crowded areas very distinct from the planned areas of Cairo Formal vs. Informal Settlements

According to David Sims in a personal interview: Informal Settlements: They are settlements, which were either grown under no law restriction or a set of governing rules for planning.

Formal Settlements: They are settlements that were governed by a set of rules by the government while planning and execution.

Figure 5 Informal Settlements

According to the Development of Informal Areas and Slums, Governorate of Cairo: Informal Settlements: ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ واﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ (‫ھﻲ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ )ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎء( أو ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي )ﻏﯿﺮ رﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﯿﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺧﺎرج أطﺮ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ وﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ "ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﺮوﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ" أو اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ذات اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ‬:‫وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﻌﺸﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ إﺳﻜﺎن ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺮﺧﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ﻣﺤﺮوﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ • From the legal and political Are regions violation (unlicensed construction) or on an economic basis (unofficial) • From the physical and social Construction operations that are outside the frameworks of the State and its institutions Studies based on the definition of slums: "disadvantaged areas of service," or areas with heterogeneous urban fabric, which consists of unauthorized housing in disadvantaged areas of public utilities and basic services

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Various Urban Fabrics across Cairo

Madinet Nasr (Grid Type)

Maadi (Radial Type)

Gammalya (Irregular Type)

Qasr el Nil (Curvilinear Type)

Figure 6 Different Urban Fabrics from different areas around the City

After studying various urban fabrics through Cairo, the language of the urban fabrics differ greatly from one area to the other and it all comes back to the conclusion of its level of formality. These are different urban fabrics that have been selected from the capital, each represent their own prototype of their own unique that is repeated across Cairo. The distinctive difference amongst them accentuates on the concept of layering of identity. Identity was defined at the beginning of the report as social identity yet it is not per say the identity of the individual, it is also reflected in the urban fabric, building condition, road network and density. In conclusion, each sample of the urban fabric represents the dominant social class habituating this particular area.

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Urban Development

Figure 7 Urban Development of Cairo

The effect on time on the urban fabric of Cairo is depicted in Fig. 7 from Babylon and the Roman Fort up till Cairo in the 21st century. The haphazard growth of the metropolis is obvious; its dense nature around the Nile banks leads it to its current situation.

Figure 8 Urban Population Growth

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The visual experience through the various urban fabric underscores that identity of buildings are different from one are to the other, this is experience is created by modern buildings and historic ones.

ZAMALEK

MADINET NASR

MAADI

HELIOPOLIS

DOWN TOWN

Figure 9 Visual Experience of Cairo

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Zamalek Case Study

“Zamalek became a microcosm of Egypt, a place where ugliness competes successfully with beauty…an uphill battle fought daily by a few valiant souls who believe that good will ultimately prevail.”(The Literary Atlas of Cairo: From Zamalek, Chafika El Hamasy, and Samia Mehrez) Zamalek is an affluent and exclusive district of Central Cairo encompassing the northern portion of Gezira Island in the Nile River. The island is connected with the riverbanks through three bridges each on the east and west sides of the island, including the Qasr al-Nil Bridge and 6th October Bridge.

Reasons for choosing Zamalek as a Reference to the balance we are intending to reach are: - Prior to the urban growth in Cairo, It contained a remarkably large amount of agricultural land and green space. Therefore, it makes it a good site for reference to be able to observe the development and transformation of the land from agricultural to urban and later on its densification.

- It contains a lot of preserved architectural heritage, which stresses on the mediation between the old and the new.

- It contains people from all classes, and different nationalities. It is still somehow cosmopolitan.

In the 1920’s, Zamalek had vast agricultural lands which were farmed by the fellahin who lived in huts. The urban planning reflects the European culture abd the attempt in creating a European section in Cairo. That is reflected in the division of the lands, their land uses, and the transportation structure. This tendency towards the European culture was brought upon by the British colonial settlement, the influx of many emigrants escaping WWI. Egyptians started to imitate the habits and traditions of the Europeans. Sequentially, the effect was also apparent on the urban landscape and planning principles.

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The 1920’s British Survey of Egypt: Planning Guide Lines

Emphasis on gardens and green spaces: The fish Garden and the gardens around the palace and on the southern end of the island

Figure 10 British Plans for Zamalek

Large Set backs Limited Heights of Buildings

Figure 11 British Plans for Zamalek

Similar to any part of Cairo, Zamalek underwent the same historical, social and economic events. It was affected by the same timeline. These events lead to great reductions in the district's open green areas, but with a large greenbelt across the island's middle defining the two districts. The planning created in the 1920’s still continues to affect the current landscape. The main dominant feature that is still intact and imposed on the urban grid is the transportation grid.

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Figure 12 1920's grid effect

Comparing Past and Present Urban Tissues: Transformation of Agricultural Land to Urban Uses

By 2000, the huts of the farmers were gone and replaced by high rise apartment buildings to house more people. Also, more land had the opportunity to be for residential use after the Aswan High Dam in the 1970’s because it decreased the flood hazards, making it a safer place.

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Increased Densification in Zamalek - New construction lacks Architectural quality - Concentrated block Construction.

- Reuse of Large Villas and homes were As multifamily dwellings Or as government buildings.

- Destruction to build high rise Residential buildings.

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Infill Construction

Increased Development of Construction over 80 Years leaving no Space untouched Except the Gezira Sporting Club and The Fish Garden.

Change in Skyline

The height of the buildings on the Nile increased to maximize the profit earned from the land. The only buildings that are preserved are due to their affiliation or use as diplomatic embassies, ambassadorial residences, and government offices.

To conclude on Zamalek, it has proven to be an excellent site for reference due to the changes it has gone throughout the years. Yet, despite these changes it is one the few places that are still holding up in the battle between beauty and ugliness.

The balance it has achieved is what makes it a good reference. It is not the perfect place to be, but the best adapted place to where Cairo is today.

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Conclusion The accumulation of all these different layers that we can see their traces around Cairo and Egypt have helped shape the Egyptian population today into its unique and diverse form.

Variation of the Egyptian Identity through time:

Figure 13 Egyptian Identities through Time

The variation of Egyptians throughout time differed and increased greatly as it started off with just almost a similar common identity of Pharaohs and ancient Egyptians. By time it evolved into a lot of identities and phases.

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The General Approach Finding a common Identity

Figure 15 Common Identity

Embracing Individuality

Figure 14 Individuality

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Imbaba “A country within a country” author unknown Services Imbaba is home to everything according to an interview conducted with a local from imbaba “Some people call Imbaba, Gomhoreyat Imbaba Al 3arabeya, this is because you can find anything here that its anyone if you want to eat with only 2 LE you can and if you want to eat with 20 LE you can”

Figure 16 Services Map, Imbaba

Transportation Duality Imbaba is one of the very few neighborhoods in Cairo that uses the tok tok as the main means of transportation. Imbaba is known as “Madinet El Alf Tok Tok” This is because the tok tok is found everywhere.

21 Figure 17 Tok Tok

Figure 18 Transportation

Urban Design Going through Imbaba urban fabrics you can find a mixture of all fabrics. Some parts are informal other parts are formal. The fabric is very haphazard showing the regular patterns of growth that the area witnessed.

Each urban fabric has its own characteristics such as average street width and population density

Religious Conflict: • Internal conflict between the area of Basrawy and the rest of Imbaba. The people in Basrawy are the Christian community. Individual conflict between a local from Basrawy and a local from the rest of Imbaba always magnifies and turns into a religious conflict regardless of the reason behind the feud.

Other Conflicts: • Ownership issues regarding Ard El Matar between the local community and the government. The government took over the land to implement a small scale housing project targeted to house the Imbaba community but took over the rest of the land to locate a public park. The locals assume this park is not intended for them but rather for higher class societies and see this simply as a way for the government to take over the land. Lawsuits have been raised between both parties and issues have yet to be resolve.

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•

Infrastructure issues in a big part of Imbaba. Some of the housing units here have no access to water, drainage or electricity since the government does not acknowledge this area when planning the city’s infrastructure.

Figure 19 Religious Conflicts Figure 20 Religious Conflicts

Figure 21 Conflict Map

The conflict map clearly identifies potential conflict between area of Ard Aziz Ezzat and Geziret Imbaba with the rest of the community. After conducting surveys, we found out that there is social isolation more than there is social conflict purely 23

because people are too scared to interact with the people from these areas in an attempt to avoid conflict in the first place whether it is the rest of Imbaba or the rest of Giza. It was also obvious to us when we were trying to find ways to access the site itself and got in contact with NGO’s and some locals. Their response was always “You can ask us questions we will answer” or “I’ll try to make it happen if I find a local from there to take you around but you will have to be very careful and attentive”.

Source: Surveys conducted with the local residents of Imbaba Reflections: The chosen site has two types of isolation. Other than the social isolation mentioned above the physical isolation caused by the railway splits the site from the rest of the Imbaba community so we think putting this railway to good use to help promote interaction between both sides of the railway could be a step towards flipping this disadvantage and putting it to good use.

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Aziz Ezzat Historical Background

1920-50 The land was owned by the ministry of religious endowments and it was used as marketplace for camels.

1952-70 Gamal Abd El Nasser started his reformation plan so people started flocking to Cairo from all over Egypt escaping their lives miseries and hoping for a new better life.

Most of these people resided in Zamalek and they ended up living in huts on top of many buildings. The government at that time was building the biggest housing project the Middle East at that time which is workers city In Imbaba. The government kicked the people out of Zamalek and placed them in the new emerging neighbourhood of Imbaba. The people kept flocking from the villages to Cairo in search for a new life. However their expectations were never met because the government could not meet them especially because of the war 1973 and the infitah movement by Anwar El Sadat which led to deterioration in the public sector.

Culture: - The locals of Imbaba came from all over Egypt, Qibly and Bahary to reside in Imbaba - The area is known for its drugs dealers, prostitutes, and criminals.

Socioeconomic: - The locals work in various fields all over Cairo especially Mohandessin, Dokki and Zamalek. The main professions are waiters, plumbers and artisans.

- Other locals depend on drug dealing and forcing residents to pay in return for security. Some also have their day job and then drug deal at night as a source of more income.

- Their education level is very low, although most of them have a Thanaweya certificate or diploma but the quality of education is very bad since classrooms are overcrowded.

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Current Statistics Egyptian Vs Foreigners

ZAMALEK

Egyptians

Marital Status Engaged/Not Married (Housing)

Age Groups Youth (10-45 Years)

Educational Unqualified above medium level (Secondary school) and/or illiterate

Figure 22 Demographics

Source: Giza Census 2006 (Latest Edition)

From the charts we deduced that some characteristics of our target groups. We figured Imbaba lacks foreign residence. Also, most of the population is engaged or not married mostly due to the fact that it is very hard for them to finance their marriage or more importantly the housing they would reside in. The majority of the population consists of youth, which falls back on the mentality of the locals which was to give birth to more children to enlarge the labor force in the family. We also established that the majority of the population lacked secondary level education due to the existence of only two secondary schools in the area, which caused classrooms to be overcrowded, hindering the quality of education. Zamalek charts were used to compare the state of Imbaba with the well balanced district of Zamalek which we earlier elaborated on would be our reference

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IMBABA

ZAMALEK

Education dropouts Drop outs or illiterate (Skill Development) Employment rate

Employment status

Unemployed (Economic paralysis

People without existing permanent jobs)

Figure 23 Demographics Chart 2 Education and Employment Comparative Charts of the Age Group and Educational Status in Imbaba & Zamalek

Source: Giza Census 2006 (Latest Edition)

Locals in Imbaba were found to have high unemployment rates due to the economic paralysis within the area. After conducting surveys and looking at the census, we figured that two of its major issues are economical and educational. Firstly, due to its poor quality of education and educational levels of the locals the job opportunities offered to them are not that much and secondly, a problem we consider large in this area is that within the area itself there is no economic productivity or money movement almost at all. We encourage or suggest that we create a sustainable community which can self-sustain itself without leaning on external areas rather than the contrasting current situation. This could be done through creating more job opportunities within the area by reviving the area itself to be able to further enhance the economy.

Social Problem Disappointment • Later on, after what has been mentioned in the historical background part; the main source of job opportunities got nationalized (the Shorbagy factory).

And poor management led to its deterioration until it started working at 10% efficiency only. Which led to loss of jobs and job opportunities.

Transformation • When people who migrated discovered that there aren't enough job opportunities they started seeking ways to overcome this.

• Some resorted to drug dealing.

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• •

Others resorted to prostitution.

Some Decided to overcome the problem by avoiding confronting the problem. And got addicted to drugs

Oblivious • The government is oblivious, and is neglecting the problem, which led to more deterioration of the area.

• People of Aziz Ezzat are also oblivious. They have decided to drug themselves out to forget about the reality. This has resulted in a paralyzed and unconscious area.

Isolation • The previously mentioned stages led to: the social isolation of the area.

People who live outside of Aziz Ezzat want to avoid dealing with drug dealers and addicts of Aziz Ezzat.

• In addition to the social barrier, there existed physical barriers, which helped in causing this seclusion. (Mentioned in the site analysis)

Types of people:

People living in Aziz Ezzat can be categorized in 4 different groups Drug Dealers: • People who could not find jobs started dealing drugs to gain money.

Drug users: • A lot of people resorted to drugs for various reasons such as peer pressure or to g=forget ever days life pressure.

Prostitutes: • Many women work as prostitutes as a second job to cover the household expenses.

Regular Citizen: • These people have nothing to do with drugs but they work and get paid the minimum wage.

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Figure 24 Type of People

Stakeholders

Figure 25 Stakeholders

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Site Analysis Topography

+15 m

Figure 26 Topography

Source: Own

+35 m

The topography of the site is almost flat and can be considered insignificant or ineffective to our site decisions.

Edges The site is located in the heart of Cairo with a wide Nile frontage. It is surrounded by the rest of Imbaba, the Nile and Mohandessin district. Due to its Nile frontage location, the land value is quite high making the land a very attractive location for investors. The site also has a physical barrier from two of its edges where a railway station disconnects it from the rest of Imbaba.

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Figure 27 Seclusion

Site is secluded from the rest of imbaba by a railroad. This act as a social and physical buffer zone. This buffer zone helps decrease the interaction between the residents of Aziz Ezzat and imbaba.

Figure 28 Imbaba

The site is right next to the neighborhood of Zamalek however the Nile acts as a physical and social barrier as well which prevents the interaction between the people in the area.

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Figure 29 Neighboring Areas

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Urban Fabric:

Figure 30 Urban Fabric

It is obvious from the urban fabric above that the site has both formal and informal areas put together with factors or reasons behind both found in further investigations.

Land Use After walking around the site we recognized that the site is almost all residential with some mixed use developments which still comprise of housing units with commercial use on the ground floor level. There are three schools in the area but none of them offer secondary education and are all overcrowded which brings down the quality of offered education. We also found “El Shorbagy factory” which is a textile factory located on the edge of the site. We found out that this factory has some kind of cultural value or heritage to the residents of Imbaba since it was once known to be very successful and efficient. Locals talk about the factory as if it is their site treasure and investors we talked to name it “Heaven” for anyone in the textile industry given its layout and flat slab structure system making machine placement more efficient and also how spacious it is which was why it had vertical integration and was one of the few factories that housed the entire production line form string (fatla) to clothing production or blankets etc.

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Figure 31 Land use

Potential: We think the restoration of this factory to get it to produce as efficiently as it did a few centuries back could be very effective and beneficial to our site both economically and socially.

Nodes and Landmarks Most of the services offered in our selected site are either religious complexes or schools. However, when we further zoomed out into the rest of Imbaba we came across the Imbaba marketplace. This market initially sold fruits and vegetables and over time, has informally extended its grounds to sell clothing and fish. The fruit and vegetable market of Imbaba is considered the centralized market or wholesaler of the entire Giza governorate. Other than the fact that it sells to direct consumers, it also sells to the traders in the Giza governorate as a whole. In order to maintain the freshness of the products, they send to get their fruits and vegetables almost on a daily basis from El Obour because of the absence of storage space and equipment.

Two main nodes were found Midan el Trolly and Midan El Kitkat. These two nodes are unidentified by the locals they refer to them with other names. Midan El Trolly which is considered a node on our site simply because locals in Imbaba recognize streets usually by residents’ names and do not have actual names for the streets.

Since they are all a close community they are always able to locate their way through guidance through the location of other peoples’ homes. This square, on the other hand, is the only square known by its name which was given to it by locals so since it is quite significant to them we think it could be home to a landmark on site.

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Figure 32 Landmarks

Potential: The relocation of the market since it is cramped up in very narrow streets could further enhance the market along with upgrading the actual market itself since it is situated in the street with sellers having no defined space making it very difficult for both dealers and consumers to move around. Relocating it in another area in Imbaba could also make room for it to house storage spaces to reduce transportation costs. Redesigning the nodes to act as landmarks or gateways to the community.

Street Network There are very few main streets in Ard Aziz Ezzat which decreases the connectivity in the site and with the surrounding neighborhoods. The secondary streets are informal, unplanned and ungoverned with almost no access to vehicles except in what are considered inner main streets but between housing units there is only pedestrian and tok tok access. Pedestrian network is not well established but rather informal.

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Figure 33 Street Network

The ring road lies on one of the edges of the larger site of Imbaba. This could be of very great potential and use when connecting Imbaba to the rest of Giza or even Greater Cairo. It promotes accessibility but locals do not use it wisely.

Figure 34 Ring Road

Metro and railroad The yellow dotted line represents the current railroad network which acts as a buffer zone between Aziz Ezzat and imbaba. The railroad passes through imbaba directly and there are not stops there. The green line is the new metro line which is currently under construction

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Figure 35 Metro and Railroad

Potential The railroad network could be utilized as a connector rather than a buffer zone by introducing a railroad station.

Ferry Located at the eastern side of Aziz Ezzat the ferry station is old and it works on a very low capacity. The ferry station can be utilized to increase connectivity between Ard Aziz Ezzat and Zamalek and neighboring sites.

Figure 36 Ferry

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Figure 37 Ferry Station

Environmental Characteristics:

Figure 38 Garbage

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Main streets in Imbaba have a very poor environmental status due to the fact that locals dispose of their garbage and waste there simply because to them, main streets are owned by the government whilst their narrow streets around their houses are considered part of their home to them. The reason behind keeping secondary streets clean is a controversial issue. When locals were asked they gave us the above reason but when we asked specialists and NGO’s they state that locals in the past used to dispose of their garbage in the secondary streets until it once caught fire and burnt down some houses so they are now aware of its dangers and choose to dispose it in streets that are considered public.

Building Conditions & Heights

Figure 39 Building Conditions

In the center of the site, the building conditions are much better than on the periphery of the site itself making buildings look much better than how they realistically are inside. On the Nile side the buildings have a moderate look that needs to be renovated, some other slum areas the building conditions there are very bad and most of these buildings needs to be demolished and rebuilt.

Potential: A housing project could be conducted to further enhance the building conditions where residents could be moved to vacant lands pointed out above temporarily until housing is improved and moved back in then replaced with other residents etc.

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Public Services

Electricity:

Natural Gas:

Water:

Sewage:

Figure 40 Public Services

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Architectural Styles

Figure 41 Main Street Figure 44 Red Brick Housing

Figure 42 Secondary Road Buildings

Figure 45 Housing Units

Figure 43 Workshops

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Figure 46 Small Alleys

Figure 48 Korniche Housing

Figure 47 Workshops

Figure 49 Old Building

Conclusion: As we walked through the site, we did not recognize any significant architectural style. Houses are mostly constructed of red brick and left unpainted and undecorated

Open Spaces Imbaba, although originally located on agricultural ground, ironically has almost no green areas or open spaces

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Proposed Solutions

Figure 50 Solutions

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Increase Connectivity.

Add more access points Utilize the ferry, railroad, and metro line Redesign the nodes to be identifiable Create more job opportunities.

Restore the factory Extend the market Housing development

Thesis Statement “Regaining Aziz Ezra’s pride through embracing individuality and utilizing its existing potentials�

The Program Stage 1: Will target the social and economic problems that led to residents resorting to drugs and prostitution.

Through components: 1-Factory.

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2-Market.

3-Vocational Learning.

Stage 2: Will target the problem of drugs and prostitution: Through components: 1-Medical Unit 2-Spiritual Hub. Stage 3: Will target the problem of ‫رضاحلا بئاغلا‬.

1. EL 7ara the linking channels, which will incorporate small service outlets (for example ironing and carpentry). Those linking channels will work on rejuvenating the streets of Aziz Ezzat, and re pump life to the area.

Stage 4: Will target the problem of isolation through the components: 1-Transportation hub.

2-Nodes.

3-Youth center.

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The Brand In order to promote awareness in Aziz Ezzat and encourage people to participate and join the program, we will create a brand called “b’edeena�. The concept behind the brand is that it consists of four parts, which represents our four main components in the program. So the readymade garments that are being sold in the market will carry the logo indicting that this product the labor that worked in its production have been rehabilitated and trained and the product has been locally produced in the factory.

By creating a brand that the people can relate to, this will create some sort of an identity for the people in the area and will encourage them to join the cycle and be part of the production.

Figure 51 the Brand

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Master plan:

Figure 52 Master Plan

We planned the master plan so that we create a reviving center and hub. This center includes all our proposed projects so that creates a powerful influential zone. We placed the functions according to the connection between them. This means the religious and vocational educational centers are at the center to act as the connecting social aspect and as a landmark. Moreover, the community center is located next to the factory and the workshops to support supplementary workshops of the factory. The market is placed at the edge of our site to connect to the existing markets which are found on the other side of the side’s edge (north). Finally we separated the proposed housing development on the periphery of our interventions so that they are connected yet separated from crowded functions. The yellow connecting lines are activity spines each one of them will have a dedicated activity such as commercial, workshops, and services, touristic. The spines will be a no car zone only tok tok access with dedicated lane.

Figure 53 Ferry

Figure 54 Tok Tok Lane

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Influence

Figure 55 Influence

The center will have a radial influence plan. This means that for future development, similar centers can be placed (as shown in the diagram) at different parts of the site.

The radial effect will cause the different centers to expand their influence until they all connect and create a cohesive maser plan to the whole area. While preserving separate identities for each center, the radial effect will create a physical and social connection that will create a general identity as well as the micro identities of each center.

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Individual Proposals

48

Community Development Center

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Introduction

The project will be the gateway to all other proposed components. In our proposed four stages of development, the first stage is ‫اتأهل‬, which will be housed in a community center. The project is aimed to be an iconic landmark that would serve as a gateway to the community and also a gateway to our individual empowerment process. Due to the drug and crime problem the place has been identified with, essentially, the prime component and nonetheless, the first stage of development should be a primary stage rehabilitation center which is greatly needed in the area.

This, realistically, would be very problematic since the local drug dealers, which hold the power, control the area and the government has no way of intervening in the area. The strongest point to prove the lack of control the government has or would have in the case of deciding to open up a rehabilitation center in the area is the fact that the police station designated for Imbaba is located on one of Aziz Ezzat’s edges and nonetheless, still has no access to the site.

Figure 56 Location of Police Station That brought us to think that, since drugs are the drug dealers main, if not only, 50

source of income then there had to be a more subtle way of intervening. We then started looking at the medical units located in the area and came across six medical units dispersed in our site.

Figure 57 Medical Units

This led us to decide that the way to address the arising local drug and crime problem was to integrate the primary rehabilitation process into the existing medical units along with working with external rehabilitation centers to treat the locals. This would also serve to our advantage since rehabilitation in these areas, or given the Egyptian culture in general, is a social taboo so if people decide to attempt to rehabilitate it would be preferable for them to be somewhere unexposed to their acquaintances. That then led me to my decision of a need for a community center in the area as the area’s primary stage of intervention for the locals.

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Target Group:

Figure 58 Demographics showing various age groups in Aziz Ezzat (CAP MAS) Aziz Ezzat locals mainly range from the age of 19 to the age of 45 and are almost equally gender distributed. In this sense, the community center will aim to target local men and women of this age group.

Goals & Objectives:

The main objective of this community center will be to include the second stage of the rehabilitation process which would be to rehabilitate the individuals themselves whether on an individual or communal level in order to reestablish a local community that is both self –oriented and aware of its capabilities and able to engage with others whether locally or with the rest of the vast Egyptian community.

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The direct goal of the center is to reorient the individuals residing in the area and shift their focus away from the widespread local drug and crime problem.

However, this shall be implemented in two different approaches since the target group will be split into:

Figure 59 Different People of Aziz Ezzat

- Youth ranging from 19 – 28 years old - Men and women ranging from 28 – 45 years old

Figure 60 Youth engaging in street football

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The first approach targets the youth or younger generations, where the main aim is to shift their focus away from acquiring the widespread negative habits into something that would be beneficial to them whether on an individual or communal level. This will be done through shifting their focus to another outlet, which in this case will be sports. This is mainly incorporated in the program in order for individuals to learn to lead a healthy lifestyle from a young age. Youth engagement in sports leads to many benefits, such as, self-esteem and teamwork. One of its major benefits is the development of a community and learning to be part of something bigger than yourself while also developing a positive self-image which is the foundation or base we aim to implant in the upcoming generations or future of Aziz Ezzat. It also makes individuals learn to be committed to something from a younger age and their commitment to sports and thus, the sports complex would be a push for them to continue into our cycle when further needed. I also plan on incorporating life skills training along with sports to mentally put them on the right track but this will be done in an informal way to guide them while doing something they enjoy. Activities included in my program are football, track and field, volleyball, basketball and any cross fit training.

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Figure 61 Sakya AL Sawy Concert

Secondly, the older generation of the community is aimed to engage in activities that guide them through the process of self-actualization. Due to the apparent spread of narcotics in the area combined with the high unemployment rates, individuals in the area have undergone a variety of behavioral and lifestyle changes. These changes along with the poor economic status of the community have led to individuals feeling worthless and having no sense of pride, which was obvious through a series of interviews with some of the locals of the community.

Mohamed, an unemployed local in the area says “‫زياع ول ىتحو ةمزل شيلم انأ نإ سحب‬ ‫اندنع ملعتملاد لود نيمويلا دلبلا لاحب نيف لغش يقالي دحاولا يسفن نوكاو لغتشا‬ ‫”فزوطم شم‬

From the conducted interviews, it is apparent that the locals need guidance and reorientation. Locals of the community lost track of their capabilities and potentials when they faced other problems of unemployment and poverty. This led them to feel that they have no input in the society or even the local community, which made them 55

feel like there is no point in trying to mend their life. This will be implemented by incorporating creative and interpersonal activities in order for them to achieve selfactualization. Self-actualization in this matter means realizing their full potential.

Activities I would include are workshops depending on qhat the community currently needs at the time, lecture halls to add nadawat and mostly role play activities. I aim to guide and help locals discover their lost potential and feel motivated enough to go after what they want and what they are skilled or talented at whilst feeling that it would actually get them somewhere if they choose to pursue it. When achieved, individuals rediscover themselves and have conscious awareness of their full potential. At this point, they should be ready for the community center to guide them to the next stage, which would be “ta3leem� education in order for them to acquire enough skills to make them qualified. This then rose the question of then what? After acquiring the skill and believing in themselves once again, how will they find the opportunity to pursue it if the unemployment rates in the country are so high and job vacancies nowadays are almost impossible to find? This made me decide to also incorporate a micro financing system into my center. Since locals are obliged to initially go into my center in order to get involved in our whole process of development or empowerment, thus, the brand then any local trying to set themselves on the right track will have eventually developed some sort of loyalty to the center when they start getting involved in it. The micro credit system will give small scale loans to individuals in our empowerment process to either open up their business or get a workshop in the factory workshops to be mentioned in detail later on or even an outlet in the market which will also be covered later.

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Concept Statement:

“Rehabilitating individuals to generate a productive functioning community”

Program Studies:

UNDCP’s Global Youth Network Sports are believed to promote positive attributes such as high self-esteem, discipline and goal setting. They are also associated with reducing stress and increasing academic performance as well as improving family relations. According to the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention, these factors can all potentially act as protectors from substance abuse. Accordingly, through engaging in sports, the youth can benefit from these values and in turn many substance use problems amongst them can be prevented.

If the youth are provided with opportunities to engage in sports and learn more about the benefits associated with it, and are offered a platform to develop life skills such as, “communication, decision-making, assertiveness, and anger and stress management” the prevention of drug abuse will be enhanced. The improvement of these life skills will prove effective in the face of various life situations and in the prevention of drug use 57

process. According to the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention, A playing field or gym can accommodate these life skill sessions in order to keep the process informal for youth rather than placing them in a classroom which would be better fit for the culture anyway. It also stated that interactive sessions should be made no formal lectures in order to get through to the youth and make them comfortable enough to interact and respond in the sessions.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Figure 62 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs The last stage of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is self-actualization which I used as a reference since that is the level of consciousness or stage I desire the locals of the community to reach in order for them to be productive individuals and benefit themselves and thus, the community. Along with the study of the rehabilitation 58

process it was clear to me that after substance withdrawal individuals need to replenish and need guidance to discover themselves and what they have lost during their addiction phase which showed me that what they need are creative and interpersonal skill development.

Figure 63 Grameen Bank

I referred to the micro credit system of the Grameen back to study the way they implemented financing into underdeveloped communities and from it studied it structure.

Since locals of these communities have no financial liabilities then I will have to depend on social collaterals to guarantee their loans along with our prerequisite of entering the community center for reorientation then the vocational school to acquire skills. After passing through these processes, the center, through micro finance, will provide small loans for our entrepreneurship program to start getting implemented.

59

CalviĂ Running Track / Niu Arquitectura

Figure 64 Calvia Running Track

The Calvia Running Track was a source of reference to me in regard to its spatial distribution and areas. Other than the running track, I studied the different accesses required for visitors attending and for the athletes in the club. The location of the services and different spatial requirements needed in the building such as gym, indoor facilities, cafeteria to cater to the club etc.

Figure 65 Basement Floor Plan

Figure 66 Ground Floor Plan

60

Figure 67 Pictures

Figure 68 Section

61

Figure 69 Track

Gehua Youth and Cultural Center / Open Architecture

Figure 70 Youth Center

Since most of the interpersonal and creative part of the center that is targeted for the older generation will be incorporated through role play and theatre related 62

performances and activities, the theatre designed in this youth and cultural center was a great reference and inspiration to me regarding its flexibility. My activities will always be variable according to the needs of the community at different times. A lot of interactive lectures, which will need different numbers of attendees, will also be hosted so I needed a highly flexible theatre space, which is the case here.

Figure 71 Sections illustrating theatre flexibility

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Figure 72 Site Plan

Site Location:

Figure 73 Site

64

Figure 74 Current youth Center

There is a large apparent lack of facilities in the area to serve the community as well as the absence of any communal or green spaces. However, there is a markaz shabab (youth center), located on the map above, on the periphery of the site. The center, however, is in bad condition and is not really being utilized efficiently relative to its purpose. The proposed plan would be to rehabilitate it in a way that would suit my program. The purpose of community centers is initially to provide social and communal spaces for locals of the area to engage and interact, which should reflect, not only on its function, but also on its design. Youth centers should be very welcoming and have a dynamic presence in the area.

The center is located directly on one of the site’s main roads and few access points (as indicated below), which is a prime location for the center on site, however, the large gate built around it defeats the purpose of having an interactive communal space which should promote engagement or socialization between individuals or within the local community so I plan on removing it to engage more with the community and directly interact with the social node we plan on incorporating in the master plan.

65

Figure 75 Location of Youth Center relative to site access point

Figure 76 Main Street

.

66

Figure 77 Soccer match in progress

The fields are not in bad shape, hence, I will try to include the existing fields as much as I can in my intervention.

Figure 78 Deteriorated State

The service facility building is not in a very good condition.

Part of it is abandoned construction and the rest is not in good shape but I will try to preserve the skeleton as much as possible in order to avoid complete destruction.

One of the main reasons for that, other than the economic reason, is to not completely tear down an already existing public building so that ownership issues do not start rising and the locals of the community simply feel an upgrade regardless of

67

the fact that it would be a large upgrade but they would still at least feel like it is their building.

Site Zoning:

Figure 79 Zoning on Site

The outdoor area will remain in place since the fields will be upgraded. The services building will be located right next to it in order to cater it. The theatre and role play area will be located in the back of the site since it does not require a view to the street and rather is a magnet to the center at the back since it will host lectures and performances that would bring the public to it by word of mouth and publicity. The skills and development area is located right next to the node in order to utilize the social node when in progress and to be close to the school, market and factory whereas, the public facilities including the cafeteria for example are in the middle on the road to service both areas of the building and the rest of the community.

68

Figure 80 Inspirations

Figure 81 Inspirations

Space Program

69

Design Criteria

The criteria for my spaces will be to ensure flexible use of the spaces to serve the various functions that will be hosted in them as well as to ensure visual connections in order for users to visually engage with others all the time and facilitate interaction.

The building itself shall be designed in a way to engage with the outside community not just by its inner functions but also by its faรงade and layout outside the building should also be put into consideration in a way that would make it interact or act as a magnet to the people outside.

Figure 82Indoor Courtyard

Besides the social node, inner spaces for socialization should be implemented mainly through courtyards to compensate for the lack of open or green spaces in the entire area.

70

Figure 83Landmark Architecture

Since the project is a gateway to the rest of our components and also at one of the main entrances of the site the faรงade should be designed to be an iconic landmark to represent the identity change in the community and be welcoming to outsiders as well as locals themselves.

71

Vocational/Technical school:

‫اﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬

72

Problem Definition:

Figure 84 Diagram

As stated earlier, the history of the area suggests that people who migrated from Upper Egypt to Cairo with several aspirations. These aspirations included better quality of life (better services), better quality of education, and more job opportunities.

These aspirations turned into disappointments as urbanization extended, and the density of Aziz Ezzat and Imbaba as a whole became dense that the qualities of life deteriorated as a result of insufficient resources. Job opportunities reduced, especially after one of the largest job suppliers (the Shorbagy factory) started deteriorating. The factory housed 17000 workers in the old days, now it’s working at 10% with only 1700 workers.

When Job opportunities reduced people resorted to different things: Some resorted to taking drugs to forget their reality, others started dealing in drugs to secure an income and others resorted to crime in general.

Aziz Ezzat as a whole is now labelled as a crime zone because of what happened, and those who are not part of the crime doing, are stereotyped for what happens in their area.

Education Drop outs: The chart on the left shows that almost 25% of Imbaba either did not go to school from the beginning or did not continue their education and dropped out.

If anything, this is a result of what was explained earlier. Now a day’s education does not secure jobs. Even, education in Aziz Ezzat now is primarily directed at a certain level only which will be shown later.

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Education dropouts

Educational Distribution:

Educational distribution

This chart shows that mostly education in Imbaba does not exceed the preparatory or secondary level. They are missing high level education. Also, there is no stats for technical education.

This chart suggests the need for higher education or technical education in the area, while adding to the previous chart; improving the current education channels that are existing.

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Employment rate

Employment rate the chart on the left shows that again almost 20% of Imbaba are unemployed. The employment distribution will be shown in the next chart.

From this we can conclude that employment and job opportunities is a very important aspect for Aziz Ezzat.

Employment status

Employment status: This chart shows that there is a large percentage, almost a quarter of those employed do not have permanent jobs. Permanent jobs are known psychologically to make people feel safe.

As a conclusion, the area needs a permanent source of jobs that provides permanent jobs.

75

The Crime problem (Drugs):

Figure 85 Crime Diagram

After studying the different reasons why people consume drugs, it was clear that three main reasons were trying to fit in (peer pressure), to experiment, and because people are bored. To remedy this these negative aspects should be translated to positive ones. For example trying to fit in should be utilized in teamwork and group work. Also experimenting curiosity could be used in experiential learning. Moreover, if people get jobs and are doing something for living they will not be bored, hence they will not resort to drugs.

Education comes to serve this. As all the transformations to positive aspects can be found in the educational process. This can be done if the educational system is one that supports creativity and hands on education. To find the best system; a study by Sir Ken Robinson (an education specialist) was examined and it showed the following.

Figure86 Sir Ken Robinson

76

Study by Sir Ken Robinson: Ken Robinson was discussing the origin of public education. And how public education was designed to serve the industrialization movement. However, the problem was in how they dogmatically copied the setting of factories within schools.

They copied factories arrangement in the literal way. He suggest 5 ways to remedy this and improve our education. He calls it the paradigm shift of education.

1-Divergent Thinking: He suggests that education should not be about standardized testing. This produces imitators and not educated people. He suggests the introduction of divergent thinking in education. Which is understanding that there are a 100 answers to the same question and not necessarily fond at the back of the book.

2-Not Age based: Age based education ignores that people develop differently and it’s absolutely dumb to label people and categorize them according to their age. This will produce batches of people and not a diverse range of people. So he suggests that education should not be based on the age.

3-No separate facilities: Ken Robinson believes that people should not be divided into groups that they get separated based on. As he mentioned in his analysis of age based education, he continues discussing separation by gender is not a good idea either.

4-Group/team work: He also explains how important group work is. And that group work or collaboration is the stuff of growth.

5-Experiential learning: Finally he states how important experimental and

77

experiential learning. Also, how this may lead to a full aesthetic experience. Where one is fully alive and using all his senses.

This is a diagram explaining the idea of divergent thinking. (Courtesy of RSA animation) Diagram on the left explaining the idea of age based learning. And the one on the right showing the idea of

Figure87 Divergent Thinking

aesthetic experience (courtesy of RSA animation)

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The site:

Figure88 Site

There are 6 existing schools in Aziz Ezzat. They are all primary schools except from one that is secondary school. They are not evenly distributed as shown in the picture. Mainly they are found on the periphery. Especially at the top, where Aziz Ezzat is connected to Imbaba.

Figure89 Existing School

An important School: One very important school is that found near at the center, which is directly 79

“Empowering local labor through experiential-skill based learning for a better aesthetic experience”

Figure90 Program

connected to el “nafaa” square. This school is found in a very privileged spot having access to Aziz Ezzat’s main node. It is a large school that is divided into two main parts. It has no specific architectural façade design, but the functionality of the school is more or less successful as a building.

Also, after an interview with one of the residents of Imbaba, he told us that people know each other in Imbaba because they went to the same school. Hence the school is a social memory as well as and educational medium.

So to conclude all the previous: Aziz Ezzat has a large work force that need technical learning to have the skill needed for jobs. Education should be passed on with a more creative and experiential approach. Existing schools should be revitalized to preserve their social memory. Revitalizing existing schools should benefit from the functionality of the existing and add on to it the new educational system and new architectural motifs.

Layers of the Program: Layer One: Type of Education: 80

The project will be a vocational and technical school that provides skills for the residents of the area. These skills will enable them to work in several fields. And would give them the tool to perform and produce.

Layer Two: Different Programs: There are three different Programs: 1-The factory: which will be targeted at teaching the residents skills that will enable them to work in the Shorbagy factory.

2-The market: which will teach people the subjects they FACTORY need to work in retail and selling, so they can work later on in the market.

MARKET

Figure91 Programs

3-El “Hara”: which will be aimed at teaching them skills that are needed for services that are specific to every small alley. Reviving the idea of the old “Hara” of Egypt, where people identified each other based on the street they live in and their profession.

Layer Three: Target Group: There are four main target groups, Male, Female, Old and young people.

Factory program: will be targeted at all Market Program will exclude the youngsters since it needs a certain amount of experience to own a shop and work in retail.

El “Hara”: will exclude the females since most of the offered services will not be adequate like carpentry.

Figure92 Egyptians

81

Layer four: Program Specifics: The factory: will teach weaving, knitting and dying Market: will each accounting and financing.

The “Hara� part: will be directed at a diverse number of technical services. Some of which are carpentry and tailoring for example.

Figure93 Brand

Layer Five: Connection to other Projects: As being a part of the major project cycle: The factory part of the school will be connected to the factory of Shorbagy through sending the skilled labor to work there. And during the process of education they can get field trips there and such. It will be connected to the Community Centre through the micro financing projects that will help them open their own workshops after they finish at the school.

The market part will be connected to the community center through the micro financing project as well. And will be connected to the market as the market will be their field trip destination and the place for their internships.

82

Figure95 Workshops EL 7ara

Figure94 Workshops Spine

El “hara� Project will be connected to the master plan approach of the workshop spines (shown in the picture. Where people will take their skills either to the main workshop spines or to their designated alleys

83

.

Precedent: Tenacity Project Proposal

Figure 96 Precedent

84

In this project, the architects decided to take a part of New York that was deteriorated and try to include to integrate it to the revolutionized New York City.

This is an existing residential city that is lacking services (similar to our area). What they suggested was to change existing buildings to roof gardens and open spaces as well as areas for services and amenities. Then they added a layer of vocational education and manufacturing center. Then finally they put the residential part on the top.

I plan to use the idea of re inhibiting the amenities and services through the “Hara� program. Also use the idea of extensions and additions to external buildings. This will be done through utilizing an old school as a functional medium, whereby regular classes are given in the existing classes. The new idea of workshops will be add ones to the existing structure sin the form of open space platforms and hanging cube workshops (will be discussed later).

Zoning:

This image is courtesy of Sustainable Education Campus Second Prize Winning Proposal / ShaGa Studio + Auerbach-Halevy Architects/Ori Rittenberg(Rotem). It shows how different specializations were distributed on a campus. I plan to use a similar idea with the 3 different programs I have.

Figure97 Zoning

85

Factory Market

Figure98 Zoning 2

Own. This is a 3D rendered image of the existing school and its surrounding context.

The School is side by side next to the market and the factory. Proximity will allow for the integration of the factory and market programs to the existing factory and the proposed market.

Also proximity to the residential zone will allow for it to be directly connected to the existing g workshop spine or the different alleys for the “Hara� program.

86

Classes of the Factory and Market Programs: Classes of the factory and market programs will be placed in the existing structure of

Figure99 Zoning 3

the school this is because of its proximity to the existing factory and proposed market. The Current school’s separation of buildings will be used to host the classes related to each program in its designated zone.

The workshops of both these programs will be integrated in the existing buildings through addition of green platforms and glass cubes to (display to the residents what is happening in the workshops as a source of pride.

Figure 102 Zoning 4

Figure 101 Plugins

Figure 100 Open Spaces

87

Classes of el “Hara” Classes of el hara will be placed in the back part of the school which directly

Figure 104 103 Zoning

connected to the residential area to allow for the on field study of the alleys.

Workshops of the “hara” classes will be similarly added to the existing structure through again the idea of platforms as well as glass protrusions overlooking the streets of the alleys.

Figure 105 Zoning

Figure 107 Zoning

Figure 106 Zoning

88

Compiled zoning:

Figure 108 compiled Zoning

the compiled zoning will look as it shows in the picture. The administration building will be added in front of the classes of the Factory or Market Programs.

89

The sketch on the left shows how the final look of the building will conceptually look like.

Figure 110 Sketch

The Sketches above show the idea of connecting bridges I want to add to my

Figure 109 Sketch

design. It will help connect the different platforms together, and will enhance the idea of “no separation”. That although parts are divided based on specialization, they’re all connected through these bridges.

Figure 111 Inspiration

90

The Space Program: I studied an existing vocational school found in Oakland. The school is the “Studio one Art� school. This school offers a variety of vocational studies like jewelry design for example. The building is designed to have 15 people in each classroom/workshop. With a total of 100-150 people in the building. It is based on two floors and here are their plans.

Ground Floor plan

Figure 112 Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan From the above plans and studies of Neufert for vocational schooling we conclude that: Figure 113 First Floor Plan

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ZONE

SPACE

AREA (m2)

WORKSHOPS

Sewing Workshop

65

Dyeing Workshop

65

Knitting Workshop

65

Clothes Design Workshop

65

General Class

35

General Class

35

All Administration offices

80

WCs and Services

150

Open Spaces

1000

Cafeteria

90

Reception

75

CLASSES

ADMIN

Communal Spaces

Reception

Workshops: will include 20 people with almost 3.2 sq. m for each student. (Neufert) Admin will be double the size of the studio one art admin, given that there will be 300 students in total (double that of studio Art) Communal or social spaces will be 1000 sq. m, which is 10% of the total area (10000 sq. m).

Finally this is a proportional break down of the different parts of the school, excluding admin and common spaces.

92

93

The Factory ‫اﻧﺘﺞ‬

Conducted By: Aly Adel

94

Factory Background: The Shorbagy factory was found in 1932 by the Shorbagy family in Egypt. At that time the factory was a pioneer in the readymade garments sector, the factory shares were being partially located in the Cairo stock market exchange. However after the 1952 revolution Gamal Abd Al Nasser nationalized most of the big projects in Egypt and changed their ownership from the private sector to the public sector. Al Shorbagy factory was one of those projects it got nationalized in 1961. The factory Shorbagy factory came under the supervision of the government and it was one of the biggest producers of Egyptian garments in that era. Later on Anwar El Sadat’s infitah movement critically affected the factory as private sector competitors entered the market. The Shorbagy factory failed to keep up the competition and deteriorated. One pf the main competitors who entered the market in the infitah movement was the Shorbagy family, former owners of the Shorbagy factory, this time they entered the market with a new name Chourbagy Moderne and with a new brand for their ready-made garments “Charmaine”.

Lost Value The people in imbaba know the value of the factory, because most of their parents used to live there and a lot of them came ti imbaba in the first place because they were working in the factory. However the factory is now running with only 10% capacity and the people can’t do anything about it because the factory is in the public sector and the government is neglecting it. When we spoke to some locals and asked about the factory they usually talked in a sarcastic way about the factory’s performance.

Potential The factory has a huge potential in bringing back the life in the area. The factory once employed 17,000 employees and was source of pride and Identity to the area.

There is a huge amount of unemployed people in Aziz Ezzat who are addicted to drugs or victims of drug abuse. The factory can be a changing point in their lives if they get the necessary skills and get a job in the factory. The factory has many outlets all over Egypt in prime locations ex: Korba, Gamaat Al Dowal, Zamalek …etc.

Brighter Future

The factory can be restored and run with is full capacity and bring back pride and identity to the area. However the factory needs to work according the current market needs to provide job opportunities for the locals. One of the main aims of the factory is to provide job opportunities for the locals as business owners or entrepreneurs and not as hired employees. Being a business owner will give the people an incentive to work more because the more you work the more you get money it will make the people discover their identity more in doing what they want 95

to do and proud of what they are doing. In order to achieve a business model that satisfies this requirement we will review the business model of Apple

Figure 114 Entrepreneur

Apple Business Model Case Study Proposed Business Model

The new business model will empower the people in the factory instead of hiring them as labor they will be part of the model as owners.

Phase 1 HQ: The headquarters which in this case will be the factory will be part of the production line in the elements that require a lot of investment and heavy machines ex: Spinning, weaving, dyeing. The headquarters will be also responsible for setting the brand’s main guidelines and quality checks.

Figure 118 New Business Model

Figure 116 Spinning Machine Figure 115 Weaving Machine

Figure 119 Brand Logo Figure 117 Dyeing Machine

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Phase 2 Owner & Design: This phase is the transition from Employee to an owner or entrepreneur. In this phase the factory will provide rentable workshops for the locals of Imbaba. These workshops will house light weight machines that don’t need a lot of investment and will be responsible for the conversion of the fabrics to ready-made garments. The owners will be provided with micro credit loans in order to finance their business.

After getting a workspace the owners will be free to choose any finishing option they want weather it is knitting, stitching, etc., and they will be also responsible for the design, so that they can express their own identity in the products they are making

Figure 120 Sewing

Figure 121 Shirt Printing

Phase 3 Products: After the products have been finished in the workshops, they will be sold in dedicated outlets in the market. All the products will be carrying the brand logo to be identifiable among other products that these products have gone through such a process and have been created by the people of Aziz Ezzat.

HQ

Owner

Design

Product

Figure 122 New Business Model

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Ipekyol Factory Case Study, Turkey

Figure 123 Ipekyol Factory

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The Ipekyol factory, a custom-designed facility for a manufacturer of high-quality textiles, represents a successful collaboration between a client and an architect in developing a spatial strategy that integrates production goals with the well-being of employees. Key design objectives focused on a single U-shaped volume that makes full use of the site as well as the use of local materials, reduced energy use, and enhanced thermal performance. The architect responded with a single, large structure where administration and production spaces were integrated under one roof, breaking down hierarchies between front- and backof-house functions. The form of the building conveys its function, its U-shape responding to the demands of the production line, from inception to the packaging and dispatch of the garments.

The glazed southern facade, five internal courtyards, as well as gardens and light wells give each user access to natural light and views of nature, and the spaces also provide recreational areas for the workers.

After studying the plan, the main components that I’ll be concerned with are spinning, weaving, and dyeing and printing. These components are essential for the production line of the fabrics. These components require a huge open space with large spans in order to accommodate the big machinery and also the components are placed in proximity with each other and in the order of the production phases in order to decrease the travel distance and increase productivity.

Figure 124 Ipekyol Factory Ground Floor Plan

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Workshops Design Criteria:

The purpose of this is section is to know more about incremental container architecture, since it will be the main design criteria for the workshops. The main reason why chose incremental container architecture to be the design criteria for the workshops is very simple. Since the workshops will the area owned by the residents and they will be left free to manipulate and express their own identity the design criteria of the workshops had to respond to the people needs. After a few site visits we noticed the following. Most of the buildings in Aziz Ezzat have illegal annexes to accommodate their never ending demands. Residents would increase their living space by building illegal cantilevered parts in their apartment. The building material in the annexes is mainly steel beams and corrugated sheets. This is the result when the people are put in the driver seat and design their own living space. This annex can be seen on many building in Aziz Ezzat that it has become quite a common scene.

Figure 125 Illegal Annexes

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Then observing the building process of the apartments in the area. It has come to our attention that the building s are mainly built on increment basis. First they start with one module and then expansion goes vertical and horizontal. This is the case with many building s in Aziz Ezzat

Figure 126 Incremental Building Figure 127 Incremental Diagram

Also we mentioned in our master plan that we will be including a cargo train station to serve the factory and the market. The cargo train station will have many containers lying around in the junkyard because all the companies that send goods in containers leave them because shipping the container back to its origin is usually higher than the price on buying a new one so most of the owners just leave the containers at their destination.

Figure 128 Container

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Soguroko Office Case Study, Japan

Figure 129 Soguroko Office

Japanese practice daiken-met architects have designed and completed 'Soguroko office', their personal studio in Gifu, japan. A three story mobile framework supports stacked shipping containers, forming the work areas and future living spaces on the penthouse floor. this building represents a model solution for those interested in surpassing the difficulty involved with making rental contracts for small scale structures in their city as well as responding to the local dilemmas of decreasing vacant land and increasing population.

The design follows a modular structural farm. The frame can be assembled and disassembled on site. It’s very flexible and allows for retrieval and horizontal expansion.

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Figure 130 Structural System

After stacking the containers together, they can be manipulated to create rooms to accommodate the different needs of the users.

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Figure 131 Section

Space Program

Name

Factory Main Building

Qty

Entrance Foyer 1 Public Exhibition 1 Conference Rooms 4 Administration Offices 10 Design Center Brainstorming Rooms 4 Design Labs 2 Material Testing Lab 1 Lecture Room 3 Creative Room 2 Main Manufacturing Plant 1 Dyeing Plant 1 Receiving Dock 1

Area m2 300 500 35 20-30

300 500 140 270

100 100 200 150 150 3,000 1,000 500

400 200 200 450 300 3,000 1,000 500 104

Storage Staff Rooms Toilets Total

1 2

Entrepreneurship Supervisor Offices 4 Workshops 80

2,000 300

2,000 300 9,560

30 75

120 6,000

Total

6,120

Total Area

15,680

Zoning

The location of the factory will be the same as the original factory. The required zones are.

Main Building + Exhibition Design Center + Main Manufacturing Plant Workshops Storage

Figure 132 Zoning

The zones are allocated as such so that all the functions are near or directed towards adjacent functions in other projects. The main building will be located on the main street with a public exhibition for the public. As for the main manufacturing plant and design center it will replace the current manufacturing plant and it’s centrally 105

located between the entrance, storage and workshops. The workshops are located near the new market and next to the manufacturing plant. As for the storage it will be located next to the manufacturing plant and railroad network.

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Market: (‫)بسكإ‬

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History:

After the 1952 revolution, the Egyptian government built the first large scale housing project in the Middle East. The project was called “Workers city” because it targeted mainly the workers in “Matabe3 Al Amireya” which was originally located, on the other side of the Nile, in Boulaq. It was later moved to a bigger location in Imbaba.

After the completion of the workers’ city, it occupied 6000 families. Therefore, the demand of a daily fresh produce market increased. So the government decided to build the first formal and organized market right on the western edge of the workers city.

Figure 133 Current Market

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Development:

The market now is considered one of the most important markets in Giza, it serves most of Giza’s districts, like Agouza, Mohandesin & dokki, and some of Cairo’s districts like, zamalek & boulaq.

Figure 134 Current Market

Figure 135 Aerial View of The Market

Figure 136 Current Market

Figure 137 Current Market

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In the last two decades the market grew extremely informal, and instead of selling fruits & vegetables, new products emerged like meat, poultry, fish, & apparel.

Figure 138 illegal Market Growth

Figure 139 Aerial View

Figure 140 New Activities

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Current market problems:

Due to the extreme growth in the markets activity, a lot of problems started to emerge. These problems act as threats to one of imbaba’s biggest potentials.

These problems can be summed up into a couple points: Informality:

The excessive growth of the market changed the market from being an organized fruit and vegetables market, to a chaotic unorganized market where fish is sold next to clothes, and functions are overlapping. Also vendors started abusing the streets and invaded public spaces to set up informal outlets.

Figure 142 Informailites Figure 141Informalities

Figure 143 Informailities

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Congestion:

Due to the very compacted area, high pedestrian activity, and the very rapid rate of expansion, it became nearly impossible to walk in the market. Since that the Outlets got closer that the distance between two opposing outlets is less than a meter, people move by the force of pushing.

This also increased the rate of theft in the market.

Figure 144 Congestion

Pedestrian Safety : Due to the overlap of pedestrian and vehicular circulation, people risk being hit by trucks carrying the produce to the vendors throughout their daily market experience.

Figure 145 Mixed Traffic

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Hygiene & Waste disposal: Due to lack of infrastructure, sewage water overflows the streets putting buyers in risk of health problems. Also products get rotten quickly due to lack of refrigerated storage spaces, and are thrown in the streets because there are no waste disposal spaces, and this adds the risk of fire hazards.

Figure 147 Waste

Figure 146 Goods directly next to sewer water

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Illegally imported clothes: The wide spread of the illegally imported clothes is lead by the younger generations who inherit fruits or vegetables outlets, and then try to meet the trending trade of clothes, so they refer to the cheap illegal clothes.

Figure 148 Illegal Goods

Figure 149 Illegal Goods

Transportation costs: Due to lack of storage spaces, fruits and vegetables have to be brought on daily basis to guarantee their freshness. The products are bought from Al Obour Market, therefore vendors have to pay a lot of transportation costs, since that the shortest route from Imbaba to Al Obour Market is almost 40 km(s).

Figure 150 Current Market and Obour

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Why upgrade and relocate in Aziz Ezzat?

After carefully studying the site, it was concluded that Aziz Ezzat is considered paralyzed, there is a social barrier between Aziz Ezzat and its neighboring sites. This is a result of it being identified as a site full of crime, drugs, and unproductively.

People fear Aziz ezzat’s inhabitants, and fear passing through the site. Moreover, the train line that passes between Aziz ezzat and the rest of imbaba acts a physical barrier, which adds on to the social barrier from neighboring medium and high class districts like mohandesin & zamalek; all of this helped create this seclusion. Another important factor was unemployment rates which show that almost 20% of Imbaba’s inhabitants are unemployed, and almost a quarter of those who are employed do not have permanent jobs, which are psychologically known to make people feel safe. The charts below show that. Although Aziz Ezzat is a dense area, it lacks any communal or social spaces.

Figure 153 Seclusion

Figure 151 Density

Figure 152 Demographics

In essence the narrow streets of Aziz Ezzat are used as the social spaces where people interact for their daily activities. However, because of the crime domination, some place lack eve this daily interaction. Also, in any other neighborhood, usually markets are a source of social interaction for the transactions that happen within 115

them. Besides regular social interaction hubs, Aziz Ezzat also lacks open green spaces. There are very few if any open spaces where people can meet and interact.

And this is shown in the image on the right.

Moreover, although the area’s main source of pride and its main node (the Factory) has several outlets across Egypt in prime areas; there aren’t any outlets for the factory in Aziz Ezzat. There are outlets in zamalek for example that sell clothes produced in the factory that is located in Aziz Ezzat. If anything this gives locals a sense that this factory is not there to serve them, but rather to serve the people of the higher classes located in the rich neighborhoods like zamalek.

Figure 154 Outlets

116

Concept Statement: “Marketing the pride of AZIZ EZZAT, through formalizing its commercial channels�

117

Site selection:

To select the site several aspects were analyzed. In any market things like, transportation, supplying factory, and proximity to central attraction are very important aspects to asses.

First the transportation factor: As we mentioned in the group part we are proposing a transportation hub/train station. The train station will be placed at the borders between imbaba and Aziz ezzat as shown in the map.

Second the supplying factory: In this case it is the shourbagy factory which is found also next to the train station. The factory will be the main supplier of the clothes part found in the market.

Figure 155 Transportation

Third proximity to existing attractions: In this case there are two main attractions that can easily serve the market. First, the “nafaa� square which is the main access point of Aziz ezzat, and the Figure 157 Factory only identified landmark of the area. Also, we were proposing in the group part an open green communal space in around this square that will only be accessible by tok tok lanes and pedestrian. The second attraction is the existing fruits and vegetables market (shown in the Image) that sells fruits and vegetables to entire area of Giza. The fruits and vegetables market expanded and now has an informal clothes extension. The idea was to Figure 156 Attractions locate the new formalized market as an extension for both the fruits and vegetables market and formalization for the clothes market. Hence, the market is placed to be at the end of the existing fruits and vegetables market. Moreover, since the existing market supplied the whole area of Giza with products, the train station may allow the new market to supply a larger part of Egypt with its products as it will facilitate transportation of goods to other districts beyond the Nile.

Figure 158 Influence

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Precedents: Casablanca sustainable market square: In this project, shading devices were used for the outdoor areas while promoting sustainability. These shading devices were used to collect rain water and re use it washing pavements in the market. On the ground level it had some cafeterias and open places to enhance social interaction. Moreover basement levels were added to provide space for underground waste disposal areas, storage spaces and loading areas.

Figure 160 Casa Blanca MArket

Figure 159 3d Section

119

Figure 161 Section

Rotterdam market hall, MVRDV: In this project, the layout of the market was studied carefully. Most of the outlets are located on the borders of the hall, to provide space for an open and flexible area that guarantees space for adding temporary light structure outlets. It also acts as a space for social interaction, and restaurants. On the upper floors, the layout of the outlets is the same, but the only difference is that it overlooks the open public space on the ground floor.

Figure 162 Rotterdam Market

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Figure 163 Outlets Layout

Figure 164 Outlets Layout

121

Barcel贸 market, nieto sobejano

In this project, the functional organization was studied. The way every different hall catered different products. This added a higher level of organization in the market.

The layout of the outlets was studied also, showing the dominant layout of the outlets going around the borders of each zone, and an open flexible space in the middle. Also there are 2 basement levels that cater storage areas, loading areas, and parking spaces

Figure 165 Barcelo Market

Figure 167 Layout

Figure 166 Section

122

Proposed approaches:

Wider Pedestrian Circulation: This will help solve the congestion problem, thus reducing the theft inside the market. The existing congestion problem allows for thieves to be able to steal from shops and buyers. Congestion gives them the ability to mingle in and leave with their stolen items without being exposed. A wider circulation will reduce the congestion and hence allow the outlet owners or the buyers to spot any act of stealing.

Figure 168 Circulation

Separating the loading/unloading process underground along with parking: This will create safer environment for the users of the market and will eliminate the traffic problems inside the market. By separating the loading and unloading from the selling part of the outlets, this will move the “service� activities away from the public use area. Other than avoiding accident that result from cars transporting the goods, this will allow for even wider space for the selling zone. Usually separating the services and the public areas are essential in public spaces as it also gives a better buying process

.

123

Creating storage for the market (underground): This will create spaces to keep the products fresh for a longer time and will ease the loading and unloading. Similar to moving the service activity of loading and unloading, it was necessary to move the storage where the unloading takes place to non public area. Also, this move will allow for larger space for storage that can incorporate fridges to keep the fruits and vegetables as fresh as possible.

Figure 169 Storage

Platform by night: Increasing the social interaction to decrease the social exclusion of the area. By adding open spaces where cultural and other festivities take place. The market acts as an attraction for the outsiders and brings people from the areas surrounding Aziz ezzat. If the market is a social hub where festivities take place, this will be an addition that will bring in people besides the aspect of buying.

Figure 170 Social Platform

Create a Waste Management System: Reduce the amount of waste coming out of the market. This will reduce health and fire hazards. By re-using the waste or re-processing the waste to produce with it fertilizers; this will create a sustainable cycle. This cycle will mean that the wastes will become a starting point or source for new products. I the case of the butchery, after studying the uses of meat animal by-products, it has come to our attention that studies show that almost 40% of the by-products of animals can be used to produce for example leather.

124

Figure 171 Waste Managemnt

Utilize the railway: Reduce the amount of daily trips of transporting the products thus reducing the transportation costs. The proposed train station that will utilize the railway will reduce transportation costs for outlet owners to bring in products. Also, it will open a new market for them where they can transport products using the railway to be sold elsewhere.

Create prepared food Outlets: As well as having outlets that sell the primary product, the new market will open a new type of products. This will include selling the existing primary products after undergoing minor processing. For example fruits can be changed to juices or as the picture suggests, fruits and vegetables could be peeled and packed and sold for a higher price.

Figure 172 Prepared Food

Provide functionally organized spaces: B y separating the three main activities (butchery, fruits and vegetables and clothes) into three different buildings/outlet grouping, this will improve the buying experience. For example fruit buyers will not be bothered by the smells of the butchery market. Moreover, buyers will be able to shop their desired products from the same area without needing to waste a lot of time commuting between 125

unrelated shops.

Figure 173 Funcionally Organized Spaces

Outlets designated for the factory: The market will have several outlets that sell products of the factory. Hence adding shourbagy outlets to the Aziz ezzat area. First, this will regain the connection the people had with the factory, and will change the mindset of the factory supplying only high classes (like in the old days where the factory outlets were only placed in areas like zamalek). Secondly it will give the factory produced clothes a privilege over the other products, as people will identify them as a brand that has its own outlets.

Figure 174 Shorbagy Factory

Expand/extend the existing market: The Existing market is located in a street on the other side of the railway and sells fruits and vegetables and informally sells clothes. The plan is to have the new market as an extension (in terms of location) and as formalization for the clothes market. Moreover, the new market will utilize the fact that the existing market has 126

its regular buyers and by this will ensure that it has a base to start with. Finally the extension will reconnect the whole area of Aziz ezzat to the rest of imbaba physically and psychologically.

Figure 175 Market Expansion

The Brand/Identity: as mentioned earlier having designated outlets for the factory will promote the factory and the whole process we are suggesting for the area. This will regain the area’s pride and will change the existing mindset that Aziz ezzat is an area of crime, to a new idea that Aziz ezzat is where this brand was created. The market will be the final stage by which the pride found in the new brand will be publicized and promoted to the outsiders. It will be the final image of what happened to produce these products.

Figure 176 Identity

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Zoning:

The zoning is divided into three main parts based on the location and the interconnection of activities surrounding the proposed market.

First the fruits and vegetables market: The proposed fruits and vegetables market will be placed to be an extension to the existing fruits and vegetables market (as shown in the picture). It will act as a separated yet connected series of outlets enclosing a courtyard (for social/communal interaction). Also, the fruits and vegetables market will be placed closest to the train station. This is because the existing market already provides to whole area of Giza with products. Moreover, fruits and vegetables tend to rot fast in the existing market, -so in addition to the added refrigerators found in the storage- fast transportation will help save them from rotting. Hence, because of the two previous reasons the fruits and vegetables market has a priority over the other components to be placed closest to the train station.

Second the butchery market will be placed at the back, isolated from the street front and the administration part, so that the smells of the butchery products do not ruin the buying experience.

Thirdly the administration and the clothes market will be placed next to the factory and directly overlooking the street. This is to allow for easy transportation of products from the factory, as well as use the fact that it’s overlooking the main node (nafaa square) to locate the “brand� clothes outlets. This will make these outlets seem as an image for the whole brand process to all people in the communal space. Also it will act as the main entrance form the Aziz ezzat district so that residents of Aziz ezzat are reminded of the success of the locally produced brand whenever they go to the market, as they will see it every time they enter.

Areas and exact spaces are displayed in boxes found the images of the zoning. All areas have been estimated based on case studies and assessments of existing markets in the area mainly.

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Figure 177 Proximity to train station and existing market

Figure 178 Fruit and Vegetable Area

Figure 179 Butchery and Fish Area

129

Figure 180 Proximity to factory and main street

Figure 181 Clothes Shop

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Table of Figures: Figure 1 Cultural layers affecting Egypt since Antiquity ................................................................. 8 Figure 2 Political, Educational & Socio-Economical layers affecting Modern Egypt ...................... 8 Figure 3 Modern Egypt's different Periods ..................................................................................... 9 Figure 4 Population Density ............................................................................................................ 9 Figure 5 Informal Settlements ...................................................................................................... 10 Figure 6 Different Urban Fabrics from different areas around the City ....................................... 11 Figure 7 Urban Development of Cairo .......................................................................................... 12 Figure 8 Urban Population Growth ............................................................................................... 12 Figure 9 Visual Experience of Cairo .............................................................................................. 13 Figure 10 British Plans for Zamalek .............................................................................................. 15 Figure 11 British Plans for Zamalek .............................................................................................. 15 Figure 12 1920's grid effect .......................................................................................................... 16 Figure 13 Egyptian Identities through Time ................................................................................. 19 Figure 14 Individuality................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 15 Common Identity .......................................................................................................... 20 Figure 16 Services Map, Imbaba ................................................................................................... 21 Figure 17 Tok Tok .......................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 18 Transportation .............................................................................................................. 21 Figure 19 Religious Conflicts ......................................................................................................... 23 Figure 20 Religious Conflicts ......................................................................................................... 23 Figure 21 Conflict Map .................................................................................................................. 23 Figure 22 Demographics ............................................................................................................... 26 Figure 23 Demographics ............................................................................................................... 27 Figure 24 Type of People .............................................................................................................. 29 Figure 25 Stakeholders ................................................................................................................. 29 Figure 26 Topography ................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 27 Seclusion ....................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 28 Imbaba .......................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 29 Neighboring Areas ........................................................................................................ 32 Figure 30 Urban Fabric .................................................................................................................. 33 Figure 31 Land use ........................................................................................................................ 34 Figure 32 Landmarks ..................................................................................................................... 35 Figure 33 Street Network .............................................................................................................. 36 Figure 34 Ring Road ...................................................................................................................... 36 Figure 35 Metro and Railroad ....................................................................................................... 37 Figure 36 Ferry .............................................................................................................................. 37 Figure 37 Ferry Station.................................................................................................................. 38 Figure 38 Garbage ......................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 39 Building Conditions ....................................................................................................... 39 Figure 40 Public Services............................................................................................................... 40 Figure 41 Main Street ................................................................................................................... 41 131

Figure 42 Secondary Road Buildings ............................................................................................. 41 Figure 43 Workshops .................................................................................................................... 41 Figure 44 Red Brick Housing ......................................................................................................... 41 Figure 45 Housing Units ................................................................................................................ 41 Figure 46 Small Alleys ................................................................................................................... 42 Figure 47 Workshops .................................................................................................................... 42 Figure 48 Korniche Housing Figure 49 Old Building ....................... 42 Figure 50 Solutions........................................................................................................................ 43 Figure 51 the Brand....................................................................................................................... 45 Figure 52 Master Plan ................................................................................................................... 46 Figure 53 Ferry .............................................................................................................................. 46 Figure 54 Tok Tok Lane ................................................................................................................. 46 Figure 55 Influence ....................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 56 Location of Police Station .............................................................................................. 50 Figure 57 Medical Units ................................................................................................................ 51 Figure 58 Demographics showing various age groups in Aziz Ezzat (CAP MAS) ............................ 52 Figure 59 Different People of Aziz Ezzat ....................................................................................... 53 Figure 60 Youth engaging in street football .................................................................................. 53 Figure 61 Sakya AL Sawy Concert ................................................................................................. 55 Figure 62 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs ........................................................................................ 58 Figure 63 Grameen Bank............................................................................................................... 59 Figure 64 Calvia Running Track ..................................................................................................... 60 Figure 65 Basement Floor Plan...................................................................................................... 60 Figure 66 Ground Floor Plan ......................................................................................................... 60 Figure 67 Pictures ......................................................................................................................... 61 Figure 68 Section........................................................................................................................... 61 Figure 69 Track .............................................................................................................................. 62 Figure 70 Youth Center ................................................................................................................. 62 Figure 71 Sections illustrating theatre flexibility ........................................................................... 63 Figure 72 Site Plan......................................................................................................................... 64 Figure 73 Site ................................................................................................................................ 64 Figure 74 Current youth Center .................................................................................................... 65 Figure 75 Location of Youth Center relative to site access point .................................................. 66 Figure 76 Main Street ................................................................................................................... 66 Figure 77 Soccer match in progress .............................................................................................. 67 Figure 78 Deteriorated State ........................................................................................................ 67 Figure 79 Zoning on Site ............................................................................................................... 68 Figure 80 Inspirations ................................................................................................................... 69 Figure 81 Inspirations ................................................................................................................... 69 Figure 82Indoor Courtyard ........................................................................................................... 70 Figure 83Landmark Architecture .................................................................................................. 71 Figure 84 Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 73 Figure 85 Crime Diagram .............................................................................................................. 76 Figure86 Sir Ken Robinson ........................................................................................................... 76 132

Figure87 Divergent Thinking ........................................................................................................ 78 Figure88 Site ................................................................................................................................ 79 Figure89 Existing School .............................................................................................................. 79 Figure90 Program ........................................................................................................................ 80 Figure91 Programs ....................................................................................................................... 81 Figure92 Egyptians ....................................................................................................................... 81 Figure93 Brand ............................................................................................................................. 82 Figure94 Workshops Spine ........................................................................................................... 83 Figure95 Workshops EL 7ara ....................................................................................................... 83 Figure 96 Precedent ...................................................................................................................... 84 Figure97 Zoning ........................................................................................................................... 85 Figure98 Zoning 2......................................................................................................................... 86 Figure99 Zoning 3......................................................................................................................... 87 Figure 100 Open Spaces ................................................................................................................ 87 Figure 101 Plugins ......................................................................................................................... 87 Figure 102 Zoning 4....................................................................................................................... 87 Figure 103 Zoning.......................................................................................................................... 88 Figure 104 Zoning.......................................................................................................................... 88 Figure 105 Zoning.......................................................................................................................... 88 Figure 106 Zoning.......................................................................................................................... 88 Figure 107 Zoning.......................................................................................................................... 88 Figure 108 compiled Zoning.......................................................................................................... 89 Figure 109 Sketch .......................................................................................................................... 90 Figure 110 Sketch .......................................................................................................................... 90 Figure 111 Inspiration ................................................................................................................... 90 Figure 112 Ground Floor Plan ....................................................................................................... 91 Figure 113 First Floor Plan ............................................................................................................ 91 Figure 114 Entrepreneur ............................................................................................................... 96 Figure 115 Weaving Machine ....................................................................................................... 96 Figure 116 Spinning Machine ....................................................................................................... 96 Figure 117 Dyeing Machine .......................................................................................................... 96 Figure 118 New Business Model ................................................................................................... 96 Figure 119 Brand Logo .................................................................................................................. 96 Figure 120 Sewing Figure 121 Shirt Printing.......................................................................... 97 Figure 122 New Business Model ................................................................................................... 97 Figure 123 Ipekyol Factory ............................................................................................................ 98 Figure 124 Ipekyol Factory Ground Floor Plan ............................................................................. 99 Figure 125 Illegal Annexes .......................................................................................................... 100 Figure 126 Incremental Building ................................................................................................. 101 Figure 127 Incremental Diagram ................................................................................................ 101 Figure 128 Container .................................................................................................................. 101 Figure 129 Soguroko Office......................................................................................................... 102 Figure 130 Structural System ...................................................................................................... 103 Figure 131 Section....................................................................................................................... 104 133

Figure 132 Zoning........................................................................................................................ 105 Figure 133 Current Market ......................................................................................................... 108 Figure 134 Current Market ......................................................................................................... 109 Figure 135 Aerial View of The Market ........................................................................................ 109 Figure 136 Current Market ......................................................................................................... 109 Figure 137 Current Market ......................................................................................................... 109 Figure 138 illegal Market Growth ............................................................................................... 110 Figure 139 Aerial View ................................................................................................................ 110 Figure 140 New Activities ........................................................................................................... 110 Figure 141Informalities ............................................................................................................... 111 Figure 142 Informailites .............................................................................................................. 111 Figure 143 Informailities ............................................................................................................. 111 Figure 144 Congestion ................................................................................................................ 112 Figure 145 Mixed Traffic ............................................................................................................. 112 Figure 146 Goods directly next to sewer water ......................................................................... 113 Figure 147 Waste ........................................................................................................................ 113 Figure 148 Illegal Goods .............................................................................................................. 114 Figure 149 Illegal Goods .............................................................................................................. 114 Figure 150 Current Market and Obour ....................................................................................... 114 Figure 151 Density ...................................................................................................................... 115 Figure 152 Demographics ........................................................................................................... 115 Figure 153 Seclusion ................................................................................................................... 115 Figure 154 Outlets....................................................................................................................... 116 Figure 155 Transportation .......................................................................................................... 118 Figure 156 Attractions ................................................................................................................ 118 Figure 157 Factory ...................................................................................................................... 118 Figure 158 Influence ................................................................................................................... 118 Figure 159 3d Section ................................................................................................................. 119 Figure 160 Casa Blanca MArket .................................................................................................. 119 Figure 161 Section....................................................................................................................... 120 Figure 162 Rotterdam Market .................................................................................................... 120 Figure 163 Outlets Layout ........................................................................................................... 121 Figure 164 Outlets Layout ........................................................................................................... 121 Figure 165 Barcelo Market.......................................................................................................... 122 Figure 166 Section....................................................................................................................... 122 Figure 167 Layout........................................................................................................................ 122 Figure 168 Circulation ................................................................................................................. 123 Figure 169 Storage ...................................................................................................................... 124 Figure 170 Social Platform .......................................................................................................... 124 Figure 171 Waste Managemnt ................................................................................................... 125 Figure 172 Prepared Food .......................................................................................................... 125 Figure 173 Funcionally Organized Spaces................................................................................... 126 Figure 174 Shorbagy Factory ...................................................................................................... 126 Figure 175 Market Expansion ..................................................................................................... 127 134

Figure 176 Identity ...................................................................................................................... 127 Figure 177 Proximity to train station and existing market ......................................................... 129 Figure 178 Fruit and Vegetable Area .......................................................................................... 129 Figure 179 Butchery and Fish Area ............................................................................................. 129 Figure 180 Proximity to factory and main street ........................................................................ 130 Figure 181 Clothes Shop ............................................................................................................. 130

135