EVERYDAY SPILL
shaping apertures for liveliness
Ian Ashcraft-Williams + Amanda Texas
Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts Washington University in St. Louis Master of Urban Design Summer Studio 2012 Tongji University, Shanghai
contact information: iashcraft.w@gmail.com amanda.c.texas@gmail.com
EVERYDAY SPILL
shaping apertures for liveliness
[1] INTRODUCTION [2] VISION [3] ON SITE [4] FRAMEWORK [5] DETAIL
contents
THE WORLD There are nearing 7 billion people in the world, China makes up roughly 1.4 billion of that total. Only slightly larger than the total area of the US, China as a nation is 9.3 million square kilometers in land area. Covering 6,760 square kilometers of that area is the Shanghai Metropolitan area, situated within the Yangtze River Delta Region. A city of 23 million+ people, the Shanghai city center covers only 660 square kilometers but is home to 40% of the cities ever growing population.
CHINA
0
1000 km
YANGTZE DELTA REGION
0
100 km
SHANGHAI 0
20 km
SITE
RIVER AS EDGE
SITE
RIVER AS CENTER
SITE
RIVER FOR THE PEOPLE
THE BUND THE RIVER’S ROLE The Yangtze and Huangpu rivers have played significant roles in the physical boundaries of Shanghai. Before 1990 the Huangpu River was the eastern boundary of the city. With the development of Pudong the Huangpu River now lies in the center of Shanghai. Formerly edged by heavy industry, the city has began to redevelop the Huangpu waterfront and strengthen its role as a the linear center of the city. This is the context in which the Everyday Spill site is located. The waterfront is an asset to the site and it should not only be strengthened but be in service to EVERYDAY activity and life.
THE FRENCH CONCESSION
SITE AREA
PUDONG CBD
CENTURY PARK
SPILL
WATERFRONT
INHABITED
UNOCCUPIED
EVERYDAY SPILL While the public space along the waterfront is left to luxury housing developments and sparse, unoccupied public space, local Chinese streets pulse with life. The vibrancy of these local neighborhoods is evident in the way they use and occupy the space throughout the day. The term everyday spill captures the essence of this way of life and the way in which it spills out into the public realm. From the wet market literally spilling out onto the sidewalk and sometimes even the street to the laundry that is hanging out to dry in the sun, spill is not a negative thing but simply an everyday way of life. These local lively streets and the neighborhood spaces that hide behind the walls act as containers for the many forms of spill, sometimes taking over the space and changing the typical way a person occupies the public realm.
A DAY AT THE INTERSECTION OF JIA SHAN RD + YONG KANG RD 7am 10am 1pm
39960 pedestrians
3pm
26113 cycles
As part of a cultural emergence study, we participated in a public life survey at the local Jia Shan Rd and the global Yong Kang Rd intersection. Pedestrian, gender, and age were recorded along with auto and cycle counts and stationary surveys and interviews. This allowed us to get a feel for the everyday vibrancy of a Shanghai street along with furthering our ideas on Everyday Spill.
37%
57%
70572 total
6%
5pm
7pm
4499
cars
9pm
APERTURE AS CONTAINER
VISION STATEMENT Shape everyday cultural and productive use of space that provides an affordable waterfront with a working landscape, new neighborhood typology, and local programming. Everyday spill is a way of living that improves economic disparity through diversity and flexibility while providing inclusive growth within the urban, economic, and social development of the neighborhood.
IAN ASHCRAFT-WILLIAMS
on site
SITE ANALYSIS Our first experience of the site was arriving by ferry, getting a view of the post industrial waterfront site from the Huangpu River. The site clearly lacks the public waterfront space in near by Luijazui but has great potential with water frontage at both the Huangpu River and currently channelized creek running through the site. While we first arrived through the very convenient ferry terminal, we were the only pedestrians on the scooter and bicycle filled ferry boat. Pedestrians are more likely to take ground public transit but the site lacks an abundance of stops with the closest metro stop being situated a thirty minute walk away and only two bus stops on the site servicing many residents of the surrounding area. At the pedestrian scale, the site lacks adequate space for wet markets and commercial spill throughout the retail corridors on site. This in turn forces pedestrians to encounter cyclists and motorists when having to use the bike lanes and roadways to walk.
CHALLENGES ON SITE
WATERFRONT ACCESS + CONNECTIVITY
SPILL + PUBLIC REALM
30 minute walk
PROXIMITY TO TRANSPORTATION
MARKET SPILL
POST-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE
RIVERFONT + FERRY
BLOCK COMM
INDUSTRIAL BLO
MERCIAL
CHANGYI RD
OCK
GP
IV UR
AN HU
INDUSTRIAL WATERFRONT
NEW RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
P
NG UDO
AVE
RESIDENTIAL FABRIC
COMMERCIAL CORRIDOR
ER
ORIENTAL FISHERMAN’S WHARF
WALLED NEIGHBORHOODS
ABANDONED SPACE
CONTAINER
COEXISTENCE
COMMUNITY
INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTION
SEMI-PUBLIC
AMANDA TEXAS
framework
FRAMEWORK GOALS
DIVERSE + AFFORDABLE
WATERFRONT FOR PEOPLE
With current housing rates on the rise and monthly housing prices accounting for 55% of the average family’s income, a new diverse and affordable housing typology sets up the framework for an affordable social and economic center within the project. Diversity in the building structure itself allows for various housing sizes and price range options. This is also extended to the local commercial corridors along the apertures as well as the waterfront.
Continuing upon the Shanghai Municipality’s efforts to create continuous waterfront public space along both sides of the Huangpu River, the waterfront connection is a consistent element throughout the framework development. The urban apertures pull locals and visitors alike, down to the waterfront to experience an everyday affordable waterfront center rather than the typical high end or desolate urban space that is the current situation. This waterfront shopping and public space area serves as one of the sites future connections to all of Shanghai.
PRODUCTIVE LIVING
SPACE FOR THE EVERYDAY
Cultivated land around and in Shanghai has decreased by 44% in the last 35 years along with the Huangpu River and other natural water sources in the area are ranked at the lowest possible water quality. Productive living refers to technical systems aimed at dealing with everyday necessities in a much more sustainable method. Looping the waste, water and food systems together to create a more holistic approach within the new residential area and linking the existing neighborhood through retrofitting. The technical systems are married with the social aspects of everyday spill to bring a prosper and sustainable methods to the community.
Spill plays a large role in the daily way of life, very much effecting the way one inhabits space. While spill happens everywhere, very few places adequately accommodate the spill easily. Apertures as a strategy, shape spaces that allow and even foster everyday spill. The framework plan on site structures the apertures in a way that both the east and west aperture cater to local spill at a much more intimate level while the central aperture opens to a much larger scale pulling in local, community and commercial spill along its pathway directing the people from their surrounding neighborhoods towards the waterfront.
1986
1994
2002
2010
360,000
INT ER NA TIO N
PUBLIC WATERFRONT SPACE
30
E AD TR AL
SUSTAINABLE INTER NATION AL CE NTER
35
hectares of cultivated land in 1978
R NTE CE
INN OV A
CO NE TIO
25
LUXURY WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENTS
200,0
20
cultiva
Metro
1995
2000
2005
36
65
34
2007 2008 102
27
$8.97 billion usd
to build 5.8 million affordable and public housing units over the next 5 years
INTL SH IPPIN GC ENT ER
China has allocated
5,250 RMB
2,875 RMB
ON THE EDGE Pulling back to the scale of Shanghai, many efforts are being made to make the city a sustainable international center that represents the ideal image of inclusive growth. Dealing with the social inequalities within the housing markets, they aimed to make rapid progress on more affordable and public housing. This however is in contrast to the ever growing luxury housing developments along the river and unfortunately sit unused in many cases. While these housing projects may be for the wealthy, the city is progressing towards an extensive pedestrian waterfront which will result in 30k+ of public space. Water becomes the main support for the city as expressed before, and plays into their efforts protect the environment and clean up the water. Food production for such a large population is also a concern as cultivated land has steadily decreased over the last 35 years. If more food could be produced, less would need to be imported and this would fall in line with the governments promoting economic consumption and innovative economy. Everyday spill deals with the Five Year Plan goals and works through these themes at multiple scales.
MY ONO
40,000 units planned for 2011, only 2,900
000
hectares of ated land in 2010
2009
2010
91
97
453km
Length Added (km)
12th Five Year Plan
were actually built. This years goal, 90,000 units
2020
877km
existing condition
FRAMEWORK STRATEGY While the waterfront plays a large role in connecting the site to all of shanghai, the focus of this project turns inward and looks at connecting the people in the new and existing neighborhoods to the waterfront through local urban apertures. Along these corridors, one would find a vibrant mixed use collection of residential units, affordable office space, and both formal and informal retail spaces. Woven into the new area while retrofitting the existing, more sustainable and productive practices are infused into the fabric. The new housing typology becomes manipulated by aperture and the notion of spill both cater to this way of life and fully develop a richness that the current site is lacking.
new condition
0
5000m
main pedestrian corridor secondary connections new housing typology green infrastructure retail edge walled edge vegetation edge flood wall waterfront space
0
5000m
housing units existing housing water storage waste storage
PROGRAM
retail edge mixed office space food production urban apertures waterfront space
0
5000m
metro primary roadway bike lane pedestrian pathway metro stop waterfront space
NETWORKS
secondary roadway
PRODUCTIVE WATER + FOOD SYSTEMS
0
5000m
system infrastructure secondary infrastructure water storage food production urban aperture waterfront space
5000m
system infrastructure waste deposit point retrofit containment urban aperture waterfront space
PRODUCTIVE WASTE SYSTEMS
0
TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
COMPOST
ENERGY
RAIN WATER FILTERED, STORED, AND RUSED FOR IRRIGATION
PUBLIC WATERFRONT ACCESS
AUTOMATIC WA COLLECTION SY
LOCAL ECONOMY
Small businesses should be encouraged to provide both services and income to locals
FOOD PRODUCTION
With the growing reduction of arable land new methods of frood production should be introduced.
WASTE TREATMENT
A neighborhood waste treatment facility that can turn waste into energy and compost is inline with the city’s five year plan to invest in renewable energy
ACCESS TO LIGHT AND AIR
GREEN ROOFS TO ADDRESS HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
RAIN BARREL ADDED TO EXISTING RESIDENTIAL
GREYWATER
ASTE YSTEM
WATER TREATMENT
The majority of Shanghai’s water sources are considered polluted. A local water treatment facility would make municipal water potable. In addition, grey water would be treated and reused for toilet flushing, thus conserving water.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
A diversity of affordable units will be constructed to help Shanghai reach its goal of 90,000 new affordable units in 2012.
URBAN APERTURES
0
5000m
main pedestrian corridor secondary connections block space waterfront space
5000m
retail edge walled edge vegetation edge flood wall waterfront space
EDGE CONDITIONS
0
TECHNICAL SYSTEMS + SOCIAL SPILL
PUBLIC SPILL
Space that is accessable to al l types of people, that encourages stoping and staying, and is adjacent to public program
COMPOST
ENERGY
LUXURY WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT RAIN WATER FILTERED, STORED, AND RUSED FOR IRRIGATION
PUBLIC WATERFRONT ACCESS
AUTOMATIC WA COLLECTION SY
LOCAL ECONOMY
Small businesses should be encouraged to provide both services and income to locals
FOOD PRODUCTION
With the growing reduction of arable land new methods of frood production should be introduced.
WASTE TREATMENT
A neighborhood waste treatment facility that can turn waste into energy and compost is inline with the city’s five year plan to invest in renewable energy
SEMI-PUBLIC SPILL
Space geared towards, but not dedicated to local activities, such as tai chi.
PRIVATE SPILL
Space dedicated to residents that is functional and social.
ACCESS TO LIGHT AND AIR
GREEN ROOFS TO ADDRESS HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
RAIN BARREL ADDED TO EXISTING RESIDENTIAL
GREYWATER
ASTE YSTEM
WATER TREATMENT
The majority of Shanghai’s water sources are considered polluted. A local water treatment facility would make municipal water potable. In addition, grey water would be treated and reused for toilet flushing, thus conserving water.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
A diversity of affordable units will be constructed to help Shanghai reach its goal of 90,000 new affordable units in 2012.
FORMAL GUIDELINES
APERTURE
1. The typical block is surrounded by walls and car oriented
2. The inserted aperture is pedestrian oriented and connects multiple blocks
1. Typical building orientation
2. As one building gets taller the space between grows to allow access to sunlight
SPILL SPACE
BUILDING HEIGHTS
1. Extruded block
2. Remove center for greater access to natural light and air
3.. The perimeter wall is removed, replaced with retail, and more transparent facade
4. Buildings are pushed back to invite people into the aperture and create more public space
3. Building is rotated to allow for more sunlight
4. The resulting floor place becomes spill space for people to inhabit
4. Lower buildings to the south for even more light
4. Buildings are infilled to fill the solar envelope
SITE AREA: 373,228 sqm, 37 hectares 107 Building Footprints 28 New Buildings 11 Adaptive Reuse 68 Existing Buildings
106,798 sqm 39,960 sqm 29,337 sqm 40,501 sqm
TOTAL HOUSING UNIT SPACE: 221,760 sqm 36,960 sqm (avg 10 levels) = 369,600 sqm 20% Circulation = 73,920 sqm 2 levels of commercial/office space = 73,920 sqm TOTAL PEOPLE: 13, 045 new residents 221,760 sqm @ 17 sqm per capita 30,084 people/sqk [inside inner ring rd] 1,868 people/sqk [outside outer ring rd]
SITE CALCULATIONS
ILLUSTRATED MASTER PLAN
Y A D Y R EVE
CHARACTER MAPPING
T I N MU
COM L A C LO
TY
L A LOC
DETAIL BLOCK PLANS [1] NEIGHBORHOOD SPILL, Ian Ashcraft-Williams [72-87] SPILL HAPPENS, Amanda Texas
detail design
NEIGHBORHOOD SPILL
URBAN APERTURE
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
The Local Aperture is an insertion of the public realm within the neighborhood fabric that connects locals to their waterfront. The aperture contains productive landscapes (e.g. growing of food and water treatment) and social spaces that contain the everyday spill of life.
SOCIAL ACTIVITY
EDGE CONDITIONS
SPILL
LOCAL APERTURE The local aperture contains a series of spaces and program that are meant to serve the local resident first. There are places where residents can do their daily food shopping, exercise, and socialize around a game of cards. These activities often spill out and overlap. By providing quality public space that takes into account and encourages the everyday spill, local residents will be better served socially and economically. In addition, the local aperture can serve the needs of visitors because it works for residents first. The result is an aperture that puts the everyday spill and culture of Shanghai on display. WATERFRONT TERRACE
SITTING STEPS
0
200
SECTION AT
RESIDENTIAL COURTYARD
GREEN GATEWAY
GAME TABLES
BLOCK PLAN
0
2500
N
EXERCISE STAGE
NEIGHBORHOOD SQUARE The square is one of the larger gathering spaces along the local aperture. It contains a shade trellis and an exercise stage, while the edges are formed by vegetation and retail that can spill out into the square.
DETAIL PLAN
0
500
N
SECTION AT LOCAL SQUARE
0
200
SECTION AT GREEN GATEWAY
0
300
SECTION AT WATERFRONT
VIEW OF LOCAL SQUARE
VIEW OF LOCAL ALLEY
TEMPORAL SPILL
SPILL HAPPENS
RESIDENTIAL
EVERYDAY SPILL
COMMERCIAL
COMMUNAL
TRANSITIONAL
COMMERCIAL
EVENT
Spill happens, while everyday spill has very much been previously discussed in this project, this is a further breakdown on the conceptual ideas of spill. To general ize spill typology, there are two main types of spill. The Everyday Spill consists of residential, communal and commercial spill while temporal spill can be both residential and commercial as well, along with transitional and event spill.
THE EVERYDAY VERSUS THE TEMPORAL
RESIDENTIAL
A COMMERCIAL + COMMUNITY APERTURE The central urban aperture of our framework plan is a much larger scaled spatial experience than the east and west local apertures. While the central aperture very much caters to the local people and economy, it also anchors a community within the surrounding neighborhood area. It also further breaks down the notion of spill with everyday spill space that directly relates to the building while temporal spill space opens up to a plaza and parkscape providing a center for this area and a large scaled space for community based temporal spill + everyday spill.
0
2500m
temporal spill aperture everyday spill space green scape fish garden boardwalk water feature food productive area residential alleys metro stop new metro line
DE
NA
NT
O FR
PR
E OM
R
TE WA
H FIS EN RD A G
R PA SC
Y ER
EV
URBAN APERTURE
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
RK E P CA
AY YD ER
EV ILL
SP
ILL
SP
LL
PI
LS
RA
PO
M
TE
RK PA APE SC
E AC SP
AY YD
RAL TEMPO SPILL
SOCIAL ACTIVITY
EDGE CONDITIONS
SPILL
E
ITY SPAC
N COMMU
ED MIX E US ABLE ORD F A F RETAIL ITS UN
CO
ACE LL SP
L SPI
NA MMU
A
0
B
1250m
7am morning tai-chi
SPILL HAPPENS IN A COMMUNITY APERTURE Spill not only happens, but changes throughout the day and the year. In the case of this commercial and community aperture, the space has the opportunity to function as a place for the community’s morning tai chi, a temporal food and retail vendor where a user can stop to grab lunch and pick up some fruit on their way home, and becomes a community plaza for events and functions at night. No matter what time of day the space accommodates the local flows of the area and filters them through a temporal and everyday spill filled aperture.
7pm community event
GREEN
TEMPORAL
SOCIAL
HORIZONTAL TO VERTICAL SPILL This project looks at both shaping everyday and temporal spill in the horizontal and the vertical. Spill can be a beautiful thing when shaped. It should not be a catch all storage spot but rather a space in which you can enjoy but still functions as an everyday space. Shaping the vertical spill in this facade diagram, allows residents to use their balcony and window space for both the everyday and the temporal. It is a space that can be both productive and social through mixed uses. While spill happens on the surface, productive water and waste systems are working underground. Moments of reveal within the apertures allow for residents and occupants to experience and learn how their neighborhood works sustainably.
EVERYDAY SPILL SPACE
Facades along the apertures foster spill while also providing diverse and affordable housing and office units in a range of sizes, views, and amenities.
TEMPO
Pedestrian pathways can be divided into two zones of temporal space and everyday spill space and link to the waterfront via urban apertures.
RAL SP
ILL SP ACE
A
B
APERTURE + SPILL IN SECTION
56m
Mixed Use Community Bldg
B
1:400
Community Plaza + Temproal Spill Space
10m
23m
Green Park Scape
6m
23m
Bike + Auto Roadways
5m
8m
15m
Mixed Use Bldg
Mixed Use Bldg
B
1:200
9m
8m
32m
Everyday Spill Space
Pedestrian Connections
Green Park Scape
38m
Flexible/Temporal Spill Space + Pedestrian Connections
Mixed Use Bldg