Africa in union by Inspire South Africa

Africa in Union THE 10TH ANNIVERSARY JOURNAL OF THE AFRICAN UNION

AFRICA IN UNION 2002 - 2012

of the nation

Having served as a Minister for the South African government since 2002, Nosiviwe Noluthando MapisaNqakula is now embracing her greatest challenge yet, that of Minister of Defence and Military Veterans, a post she assumed in June. In this, her third ministerial position, Minister Mapisa-Nqakula is on familiar and beloved ground. Long has the trumpet sounded her staunch drive to ensure that South Africans live in safety, with peace and stability driving her many campaigns over decades of work for the ANC. Minister Mapisa-Nqakula has been a defender of human rights by leading the youth, women and her peers through troubled times. Having achieved a Primary Teachers Diploma, and following two years as a teacher at the Eastern Capesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Bensoville Junior Secondary School and St Matthews Training College in the late Seventies, Minister Mapisa-Nqakula was deeply touched and disturbed by the rate of Matric drop-outs in disadvantaged communities. This led to her undergoing training in Youth Leadership and Community Development, resulting in the Minister directing her attention at open school environments and then by becoming the assistant director of the Masazane Open School, a project directed by the South African Institute for Race Relations. The concept of

opening schools to all races was seen as a major step in addressing the crisis of black education following the Soweto uprisings of 1976. Similarly Minister Mapisa-Nqakula felt the challenge of the mothers of students, many of whom were domestic workers, and helped in founding the East London Domestic Workers Association. In 1984 the Minister travelled to Angola and the Soviet Union to undergo military training within uMkhonto weSizwe (MK), something that stands her in good stead in her current role. While in the Soviet Union she served as a member of the ANC’s political and military structures and later headed a Commission that was created to investigate desertions of ANC’s uMkhonto weSizwe members to the United Nations High Commissioner for refugees (UNHCR) in Angola. In the late Eighties and early Nineties Minister Mapisa-Nqakula interests were slanted towards woman’s rights. Initially she represented the ANC’s Women’s Section of the Pan African Women’s Organisation (PAWO) before becoming the ANC Women’s League President from 2003-2008. Her contribution to the development of the ANC has been multifold. The Minister helped to rebuild structures of the ANC during the crucial Nineties as well as during the years following the ANC’s election as the ruling party government. She has held the positions of Deputy Chairperson of the Political Committee and acted as the first female Chief Whip of the majority party in parliament. Since 2007 she has remained a member of the National Executive Committee of the ANC. Most notable in terms of the Ministers’ defence activities is her chairing of the Joint Standing Committee in intelligence since 1994;

and as a Theme 3 Core Group Member of the Constitution Making Process, also since 1994. Amid all these activities the Minister has also studied Project Management at a Canadian University, psychology at Newport University, and undertaken courses in Human Relations and Communications. Minister Mapisa-Nqakula’s impact as Deputy Minister of Home Affairs for two years led to her appointment as the Minister of that department in 2004, a position she held until 2009 before she accepted the post of Minister of Correctional Services. In this position she oversaw the overhaul of legislative frameworks that aided with the regulation of parole, medical parole, and the care and improved conditions of those

incarcerated. This included the consideration of children who live with their mothers in the prisons, as well as the handicapped, juveniles and the elderly. A further task was to ensure the correctional services department be on course achieve a clean audit by 2014. She has fondly been referred to as the ‘cleaner’ given her various appointments, all of which have required the need for intense ‘turnaround’ strategies to optimise service delivery. Along her journey she has been entrusted with security sensitive projects and currently is a member of the Justice Crime Prevention Cluster while also chairing the International Cooperation Trade and Security Cluster by virtue of her role as Minister of Defence and Military Veterans. Over the years the Minister has been called upon to speak at international conferences, such as the Quality Development and Peace Seminar in Nairobi in 1985, and the 2001 World Racism Conference that was hosted by KwaZulu-Natal.

In 2010 Minister Mapisa-Nqakula spoke at the 12th United Nations Congress on crime prevention and criminal justice in Brazil. She was outspoken about her intolerance of crime, particularly that of organised crime and corruption. She vehemently stands against human trafficking, terrorism and xenophobia and continues to underscore the critical importance of collaboration and cooperation in raising awareness of the treatment of women prisoners. More recently, at the Africa Aerospace & Defence exhibition, she emphasised the importance of the South African government’s agenda to focus on the humanitarian aspect of military business, which includes ensuring peace support, humanitarian aid, security and stability for South Africa, its neighbours and the continent. Minister Mapisa-Nqakula is married to the former South African Minister of Safety and Security, Charles Nqakula, now South Africa’s high commissioner to Mozambique. She is the mother to four children. Gripen over Robben Island, South Africa’ by Frans Dely. Copyright Saab AB

T HE WORLD STANDARD

Gulfstream would like to congratulate the African Union Commission on its 10th anniversary. Your commitment to â&#x20AC;&#x153;striving towards greater unity and integration through shared values,â&#x20AC;? is a common goal for our diverse global workforce. May our efforts pave the way for a better world standard for everyone.

pETE bURESH

+1 912 224 7548

pete.buresh@gulfstream.com

GULfSTREAM.com

Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of General Dynamics.

The European Union Africa and Europe are bound together by history, culture and geography. The Africa-EU Strategic Partnership, a partnership of equals, has grown ever stronger across a wide range of areas such as Peace and Security, Democracy and Human Rights, Trade and Infrastructure, Climate Change and Environment, and economic and social development across the board. This is not just a partnership of governments and institutions. The Africa-EU Partnership is a “people centred” partnership, with strong participation by civil society, non-state actors and the private sector, as well as the European and Pan-African Parliaments As the world’s largest donor, we in the EU, have looked at what we can do to increase the impact of our development aid and have come up with our Agenda for Change. Under this Agenda, we will concentrate our support to the world’s poorest countries. The Agenda for Change will be built around two basic policy pillars:

â&#x20AC;˘ First the promotion of human rights, democracy, the rule of law and good governance; â&#x20AC;˘ Second, inclusive and sustainable growth. Under this second pillar, we need to support Africa to ensure that the economic growth that we are seeing across the continent translates into jobs and spreads wealth creation more widely. We will focus our support on social protection, health and education, which will together receive at least 20 % of EU aid. We will also work more closely with the private sector and support improved business and trade environments, regional integration, agriculture and research and innovation, all of which are key to maintaining competitive economies and job creation. The African Union is 10 years young. The AU has achieved huge strides in supporting a rapidly growing Africa. The European Union congratulates the African Union on its 10th anniversary, wishing Africa many more years of success.

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Africa in Union 2002-2012

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Foreword Dr. Zuma Foreword Dr. Ping AU Leadership 2012 AU Leadership 2008 to 2012

The team Brennen Wareley, Graeme Mather, Grivin Ngongula, Julian Moffat, Roseleen Tapera, Progress Mpala, Theo Jacobs, Malcolm Solomon, Shannon Van Rooyen, Antoinette Jantjies

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Advertising Design Stacey Storbeck Nel Indio Design indiodesign@mweb.co.za

AUC in to the Future AUC a decade later Building bricks Mapping Africaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic direction All work published in Africa in Union magazine is protected by copyright. Only with written permission from the publisher may any part of this magazine be reproduced or adapted in any form. The information provided and opinions expressed in Africa in Union magazine do not necessarily represent the opinions of this publication, the publisher or the editor. The publication, the publisher and the editor cannot be held liable for damages of any kind arising directly or indirectly from any facts or information provided or omitted in these pages or from any statements made or withheld by this publication.

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A voice for eﬀective policies and innovations in biotechnology The provision of safe, healthy and adequate food is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, not to mention the effects of climate change on agriculture. Africa can harness the growing science of agricultural biotechnology to boost food security. Agriculture is the backbone of economic development for most African countries. It accounts for 25 to 30 per cent of their GDPs. More than 70 per cent of the continental population lives in rural areas and depends on agriculture for its livelihood. However, Africa has underperformed in agricultural productivity over the last three decades. For example, cereal yields have stagnated at around 1 ton per hectare compared to averages of 2.5-3 tons per hectare in Asia. “Africa missed the green revolution that pulled countries in Asia out of the food crisis in the 1960s. Plant biotechnology holds the promise to produce resilient and high-yielding varieties that can address the needs of African farmers. Biotech crops are now the fastest adopted crop technologies, increasing by more than 25 times since their introduction in 1996. Around the globe, biotech crop-producing countries have benefited from improved agricultural productivity, food security and quality of life. Thus, biotech crops would significantly contribute to meeting the rising food needs in Africa.” says Dr. Nompumelelo Obokoh, the Chief Executive Officer of AfricaBio, a biotechnology stakeholder association based in Pretoria, South Africa that was established in 1999. AfricaBio is a non-political, non-profit biotechnology association that promotes safe, ethical and responsible research, development and application of biotechnology and its products. Its membership comprises

Small scale farmers in South Africa are beneﬁtting from increased crop productivity. farmers, farmer organizations, researchers, scientists, consumers, retailers, industry associations, research and tertiary institutions. The Association thus serves as a forum for informed dialogue on biotechnological and biosafety issues in South Africa and throughout Africa. AfricaBio’s objectives are to keep key biotechnology stakeholders informed by providing accurate information on biotechnology and platforms to interact and discuss emerging biotechnology issues. Through its various projects, AfricaBio also empowers its target groups by providing outreach materials and training in biotechnology and biosafety. Dr. Obokoh, a plant molecular biologist, with a PhD degree from the University of Cambridge took over the helm of AfricaBio in February 2012 and believes that biotechnology adoption in Africa can thrive on disseminating accurate information and training about the technology.

“A considerable number of African countries lack functional biosafety frameworks that would allow the full exploitation and commercialisation of biotechnology in a safe and responsible manner. This means that African farmers and consumers are denied the opportunity to access crops that are nutritionally or Dr. Nompumelelo Obokoh environmentally enhanced. Sciencebased and practical biosafety regulatory systems that are able to assess the risks should be encouraged. It is imperative for African countries to emulate the regulatory approaches pursued by developing countries like China, Argentina, Brazil and India, which have adopted agricultural biotechnology instead of promoting overly stringent regulations that stifle use of the technology” said Dr. Obokoh who is also a registered Professional Natural Scientist in South Africa. South Africa is currently the leading producer of GM crops in Africa, after Burkina Faso and Egypt and is the 9th largest producer of GMO’s globally with planting of 2.3 million hectares in 2011. The country has cultivated, imported and exported GMOs since 1998. The GMO Act [Genetic Modified Organism Act, Act 15 of 1997], passed in 1997 and implemented in 1999, paved the way for the introduction and commercialisation of GM crops in South Africa. The act which was revised in 2007, legislates for the approval for the import, use and supply of the infrastructure required to utilise and evaluate genetically modified seed in South Africa. About 72% of the maize produced is genetically modified and over 90% of soya and cotton 100% is GM. Up until 2010 South Africa produced a surplus of 4 million tons and has subsequently exported nearly 6 million tons of GM maize to counties like Mexico. According to the recent Agricultural reports, Biotech crops are now the fastest adopted crop technology in the history of modern agriculture, with a 94-fold increase in hectarage from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 160 million hectares in 2011. Thus millions of farmers globally elect to adopt biotech crops due to the socio-economic and environmental benefits they offer. Dr Obokoh further asserts that the continent’s vision of agriculture as the engine of economic growth calls for urgent strategies to improve the livelihood of rural populations in order to achieve food security and to increase growth in the agricultural sector. Innovation is one of the key elements required to unlock Africa’s potential as an agricultural powerhouse. Research and development and public-private partnerships across the entire agricultural sector are essential for Africa to improve its agricultural productivity. African governments need to expand domestic production through scientific research, increased farm inputs, investment in infrastructure, human resource capacity development, science-based biosafety regulation and introduction of systems to harness and protect intellectual property rights. With increased investment, better agricultural policies and more support for Africa’s farmers, the continent can achieve an agricultural revolution.

Contact details: Suite U9, First Floor, Enterprise Building, Mark Shuttle worth Street, The Innovation Hub, Pretoria, 0087 Email: info@africabio.com • Switch board: +27 12 844 0126 • Fax: +27 86 619 9399 • www.africabio.com

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Editorial Team: Editor Grivin Ngongula editorial@amafrica.com Copy Editor Pam Makati

Africa aspires for sustainable trade

Making the law work for Africa

Political Affairs

Peace & Security

A message from Dr. Zuma

102

Country Focuses D to M

Chairpersons of the AUC

130

Feeding the continent

Country Focuses A to C

136

Infrastructure & Energy

Capacity to Develop

138

Country Focuses M to Z

Social Affairs

170

HR. Science & Technology

Giving Women a chance

176

Civil Society & Diaspora

Contributors Kerry Dimmer, Munyaradzi Makoni, Molly Tsitsi Chimhanda Habiba Mejri-chiekh and Esther Tankou Azzar at the African Union Commission

Art Direction Stacey Storbeck Nel Indiodesign indiodesign@mweb.co.za

Photography Shutterstock, AUC, Ryan M. Bolton, Hector Conesa, astudio, Sean Nel, Andre Klopper, Ververidis Vasilis, Christopher Parypa, Parkisland, Attila Jandi, Spirit of America, Alexander Manykin Africa in Union 2002-2012

Foreword

African Union Chairperson-Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma The advent of the African Union (AU) can be described as an event of great magnitude in the institutional evolution of the continent. My appointment as the first female Chairperson of the African Union has revealed the trust that Africa’s heads of state have in my leadership capabilities. The southern African region has been afforded an opportunity to chair the African Union Commission after 49 years. Not only are we celebrating the fact that a woman has been accorded the opportunity to chair the AU for the first time, we are also celebrating the nomination of the first female southern African Head of State in President Joyce Banda of Malawi. It is fitting that this happens during the period declared as the Decade of Women by the Assembly and it is pleasing to note that the glass ceiling has been broken. We are grateful as women that our leaders have understood that women have to participate and take their rightful place in society so that they can reach their full potential because it is only if men and women reach their full potential, shall we as a continent reach our full potential. With this in mind, women’s issues and the empowerment of the woman and girl-child shall be brought to the fore. Issues such as child infant mortality and other health-related matters are of priority for it is among those children whose lives will have been saved will we find the future African leadership. We will also strive to improve the quality of life of all Africans while discharging our responsibilities on the African continent and globally. The AU is the only regional and international institution that respects the sovereignty of member states but will intervene in a member state based on humanitarian grounds. These guidelines were drawn based on the recommendations of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (2001) entitled ‘The Responsibility to Protect’, which asserts that ‘Sovereign states have a responsibility to protect their own citizens from unavoidable catastrophe-from mass murder and rape, from starvation — but that when they are unwilling or unable to do so, that responsibility must be borne by the broader community of states.’ The AU as that broader community is now almost 50 years old and was founded on the principles of unity and it will be important to keep that unity and cohesion amongst ourselves. Africa continues to be plagued by conflicts in various regions, some of which the AU is taking steps to resolve through various

peaceful interventions, recognising that armed intervention is not always the solution to resolving problems on the continent. Our founders, heroes and heroines of Pan-Africanism, held a vision of a united, economically and politically emancipated continent at peace with itself and the world. The challenge we face is to translate this vision into a reality. The AU faces tremendous organisational and financial barriers. It took many years for similar regional institutions in Europe, Asia, and Latin America to establish themselves; and, the AU faces the additional challenges of endemic poverty and civil conflict among many of its member states. This, however, will not deter us from achieving the greater vision of an Africa that recognises and respects its people as it becomes part of an ever-changing world. Africa must therefore take its rightful place among nations of the world as an equal reliable partner, and full member of the international community. Climate change shall be on the agenda as we work towards improving Africa’s environment while exploiting the resources that Africa has bestowed upon it in a meaningful manner, which will not only benefit the continent economically, but also environmentally. We will continue to work with regional bodies around the world, the United Nations (UN) and all its agencies, including all our co-operating partners to ensure they can contribute in helping us to achieve our collectively defined priorities. What matters is that we prioritise the promotion of unity and solidarity among African states; to coordinate and intensify cooperation for development; to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of member states and to promote international cooperation within the framework of the UN. Indeed, as a continental organisation, the AU provides an effective forum that enables all member states to adopt coordinated positions on matters of common concern to the continent in international fora and defend Africa’s interests effectively. Only by working together, as a single and indivisible continent of Africa, under the able leadership of the AU, can we do more. As we continue to stand by our vision of an ‘integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its own citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena’, this new, forward-looking, dynamic and integrated Africa will be fully realised through relentless struggle on several fronts and as a long-term endeavour, to an organisation spear-heading Africa’s development and integration. Africa in Union 2002-2012

africa – the cornerstone of south africa’s foreign policy Our struggle for a better life in south africa is intertwined with our pursuit of a

better africa in a better world. Regional and continental integration is the foundation for africa’s

socio-economic development and political unity. the strengthening of the african Union (aU) and its structures is a strategic priority in deepening the continental integration process and infrastructure development, paving the way for improved intra-africa trade. south africa is elated that the leadership of the continent is united and has agreed that, in this

Decade of

african Women, Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma should lead the aU Commission. the aU continues to champion the african agenda, advancing and defending the interests of africa in global affairs. In this regard,

revitalising the New Partnership for africa’s Development as a strategy for

south africa is delighted with efforts aimed at

economic development on the african continent. at the top of our agenda is the need to

continent remains a zone of peace, stability and economic development, translating into the

ensure that our

betterment of the lives of africans.

international relations & cooperation Department: International Relations and Cooperation REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

Foreword

Dr Jean Ping, former Chairperson of the AU The biggest challenge for Africa over the past ten years has been ensuring efficient and effective cooperation to meet the various needs of its people. A decade has passed since the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) evolved into the African Union (AU), which has made strides in ensuring that the African continent is placed at the forefront of global affairs. Jean Ping, Chairperson of the AU Commission, stated: ‘Change is often not a choice, it is a matter of survival because circumstances are different or because our own demands have evolved, we sometimes need to change our way of doing things.’ There are no better words to describe the AU’s existence over the period since its inception in 2002. Africa has since embraced various shifts and changes politically, socially, culturally, economically and technologically and is becoming globally important, with the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and other countries becoming increasingly active on the continent — a change from the dominance of the United States and Europe, resulting in the continent fast becoming an investment destination. Beyond varied projects and programmes, the AU has adopted a people-centred human-rights approach to ensure that member states deliver on economic and social rights, understanding that the development and integration agenda of the continent has to be achieved to ensure peace and security for African people. The latest debate concerning Africa’s and ultimately the AU’s ability to solve problems within the continent, has seen the institution outsourcing responsibility to sub-regional organisations, whose functions are based on shared values, with the hope that integration will be reached at the macro level after careful assessment of issues addressed through the various Regional Economic Communities (RECs). The AU is aware that successful integration strengthens investor enthusiasm, and strives to maintain strong and unwavering unity and solidarity in addressing common challenges faced by the continent. The AU primarily seeks to improve the quality of life of the continent’s citizens through integration, cooperation and development. Our biggest challenge has emanated from whether the AU is able to ‘walk the walk’ and ‘talk the talk.’ The ‘Arab Spring’, which has had a huge impact on the global political landscape, has been the greatest test so far. The pinnacle of the ‘Arab Spring’ events for the institution was the AU’s involvement in Libya, which brought

quite a number of questions to the fore as to whether the institution is capable of ‘walking the walk’ and ‘talking the talk.’ The AU stood by its principles and put the Libyan people first, placing their aspirations for democracy, human rights and good governance at the centre of its decisions. All the initiatives undertaken to solve the Libyan crisis were carefully crafted, and the AU’s commitment was to ensure that the Libyan people received democratic change in their country smoothly and peacefully. There has been debate about whether or not the AU did enough, and whether the UN Security Council should have let Africans solve their own problems. The Libyan crisis reminds the institution of the need to assert itself more as an institution that respects African decisions and leadership. Libya is still faced with long-term and structural changes, the biggest challenge being the achievement of national cohesion and reconciliation. However, the AU’s agenda for democracy and governance that will eventually result in socio-economic reforms for the benefit of the people, remains unchanged. As the AU moves forward, there is need for member states to reaffirm their commitment to their citizens. There must be a move from governments that are self-serving to those that are accountable to their people through their governance structures. There is a huge desire to see stability after the events of the ‘Arab Spring’; and, Africa, as stated by one African scholar, has to see how best to expedite political transformation to keep external intervention at bay and avoid situations in which outsiders arbitrate our internal differences. Meanwhile, the continent shall continue to embrace the various changes coming its way and the African Union will continue to focus on the processes that are necessary to ensure that the continent achieves growth, peace and prosperity. Africa in Union 2002-2012

AUC Leadership

Leadership at the AUC plays a pivotal role in achieving set objectives. These men and women have been instrumental in steering the AUC over the past decade.

AUC Leadership 2012 to 2016

H.E Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma Chairperson

Africa in Union 2002-2012

H.E Mr Erastus Mwencha Deputy Chairperson

AUC Leadership

H.E Dr Mustapha Sidiki Kaloko Commissioner for Social Affairs

H.E Dr Elham Mahmoud Ahmed Ibrahim Commissioner for Infrastructure and Energy

H.E Mrs Rhoda Peace Timusiime Commissioner for Rural Economy

H.E Dr Aisha Abullahi Commissioner for Political affairs

H.E Amb. Ramtane Lamamra Commissioner for Peace and Security

H.E Dr Fatima Haram Acyl Commissioner for Trade and Industry

to be elected in 2013

Commissioner for Economic Affairs

to be elected in 2013

Commissioner for Human Resources, Science and Technology

Africa in Union 2002-2012

South African Social Security Agency Targeting poverty, promoting social cohesion and contributing to economic development. The South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) was established in 2004, but only started its operations in 2006. To what extent has this agency of government delivered on its mandate of providing the much needed social assistance to the people of South Africa? From its inception in 2006 SASSA became well poised to be one of governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flagship departments aimed at mitigating the devastating impact of poverty. It is no coincidence that its existence came at a time when the world was beginning to experience the biting effects of global recession with its unforgiving consequences for the poor majority the world over. It was therefore an opportune time for the newly established democratic government of South Africa to give effect to the provisions of the Constitution which prescribe the right of everyone to access social security. Prior to the establishment of SASSA the function of administering social grants had been the responsibility of the nine provincial departments. This state of affairs resulted in fragmentation of services and obvious lack of norms and standards in the administration of social grants. The number of beneficiaries of social grants in South Africa has grown from 2 million in 1994 to an estimated 15 million in 2012. Of these 10.3 million are Child Support Grant (CSG) beneficiaries. The topical issue in recent years, however, has been whether or not paying social grants to 8% of the population is a wise investment by government. Detractors of the social grant system have even gone further to accuse government of creating a welfare state. Some believe the Child Support Grant (CSG) has resulted in an increase in teenage pregnancy. Two major researches by the United Nations Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of Johannesburg have

LEFT: President of South Africa Mr. Jacob Zuma, Social Development Minister Bathabile Dlamini and SASSA CEO Virginia Petersen watching the process of biometric mass enrolment of social grant beneficiaries. RIGHT: Social Development Minister of South Africa Ms Bathabile Dlamini presenting the much needed food supplies to a child headed house hold in the village of Ngobie, North West Province.

revealed positive findings regarding the impact of the child support grant. The studies reveal that the grant reduces poverty significantly as it benefits the entire household. It was also found that caregivers who are entrusted with the grant (mostly women) do invest it in good nutrition, schooling care and other household essentials. As a result of the child support grant, poor families are brought into the consumer economy and it also leads to rural mothers opening their first bank accounts. This accounts for some of the reasons why banking facilities are being extended to rural areas. Also, according to these studies whereas 55% of South African children benefit from the CSG, only 5% of recipients of the CSG are women between the ages of 16 and 20. This refutes the claims of the CSG being responsible for teenage pregnancy. Overall, the findings of these studies emphasize the positive impact of the work of SASSA in delivering much needed services with efficiency to the people of South Africa. Currently, the Agency is engaged in the process of mass enrolment of beneficiaries using the latest biometric technology. The process is aimed at eliminating fraud as well as long queues at pay points. The new SASSA smart card being issued to beneficiaries allows them to withdraw their grant money at participating stores at no charge. Between now and December 2012, re-registration will only involve beneficiaries who receive cash payment at paypoints. Those who receive their grants via the banks will only be re-registered from January 2012. During their monthly visits to paypoints, beneficiaries are allocated dates on which to reregister so that the process is orderly and long queues are avoided. This is just another way of ensuring that SASSA isâ&#x20AC;Ś â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;paying the right social grant to the right person at the right time and place. Njalo!â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

AUC Leadership

AUC Leadership 2008 to 2012

H.E Dr Jean Ping Chairperson

Africa in Union 2002-2012

H.E Mr. Erastus Mwencha Deputy Chairperson

AUC Leadership

H.E Adv. Bience Philomina Gawanas Commissioner for Social Affairs

H.E Dr Elham Mahmoud Ahmed Ibrahim Commissioner for Infrastructure and Energy

H.E Mrs Rhoda Peace Timusiime Commissioner for Rural Economy

H.E Mrs Julia Dolly Joiner Commissioner for Political affairs

H.E Amb. Ramtane Lamamra Commissioner for Peace and Security

H.E Mrs Elisabeth Tankeu Commissioner for Trade and Industry

H.E Dr Maxwell Nkwezalamba Commissioner for Economic Affairs

H.E Dr Jean Pierre Onvehoun Ezin Commissioner for Human Resources, Science and Technology

Africa in Union 2002-2012

AUC

Africa, Pan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Africanism,

the 21st Century and the future

The African Union was celebrated by all Africans as a historical opportunity to renovate the conceptual and programmatic framework of Pan-Africanism launched at the end of the 19th Century as well as getting Africa fit to overcome the challenges of the 21st Century. It is against this background that the African Union takes stock of its achievements and challenges over the last decade and seizes this opportunity to strengthen this vision and desires going into the future. By esther tankou

Africa in Union 2002-2012

AUC

The challenges facing Africa include: sustainable development, poverty alleviation, full integration into the global economy and society. Having as a target the achievement of African unity through a United States of Africa, Pan-Africanism was out to banish not only the frontiers and borders inherited from the colonial masters, but also the discrimination amongst ethnic groups, different races and linguistic barriers. The impact of this Pan-Africanism was however limited in the process of the concretisation of African unity given that the OAU had adopted the principle of the respect of the frontiers inherited from colonialism coupled with the lack of political will. The Commission of the African Union, in particular, benefits from clear-cut executive competence; additionally, the continent’s political and economic integration is explicitly indicated as one of the objectives of the Union.

The above changes are underpinned by challenging ideas emanating from the African Union Commission’s Constitutive Act. A look at these ideas shades light on the strong foundation on which the African Union Commission is founded. Political integration is and should be the raison-d’être of the African Union, the objective being to achieve a United States of Africa (federation or confederation) in the long run. This key idea is fully in line with the theses advocating political integration, in the minority in 1963, of which President Nkrumah was the most ardent proponent. However, the position of the advocates of immediate establishment of a United States of Africa, without intervening stages, did not prevail, nor was the idea of achieving unity on the basis of mere cooperation. What won the day was the idea of building African Unity on the foundations of regional groupings. Herein resides the distinctive feature of the AU in relation to the OAU. The

disintegration of authoritarian regimes offered the hope that political integration would be progressively achieved between democratic states respectful of human rights and keen to forge equitable societies, which would have no room for exclusion, racism and any form of discrimination, particularly discrimination against women. The struggle for the continent’s political liberation, accomplished formally and legally with the liquidation of the Apartheid regime in South Africa in 1994, has to be invigorated by substantial economic development. As a matter of fact, in the context of globalisation and intense regionalisation both in the North (European Union, NAFTA) and in the South (MERCOSUR, ASEAN), regional integration should be placed on Africa’s priority agenda. The Abuja Treaty adopted by the OAU Summit in 1991, which made regional integration the strategic model for the transformation of African Africa in Union 2002-2012

AUC

economies thus regained legitimacy, as the AU Founders passed on to the African Union the responsibility of speeding up realisation of this integration. The integration process should be geared to stimulating or reenergising the role of states. This role should be re-evaluated in light of the experience of the Asian countries where it has been recognised that the state contributed significantly to the economic success achieved by the countries of the region. Moreover, the inter-African solidarity which was paramount in achieving the continent’s political liberation should be intensified more than ever before, not only in regard to countries emerging from conflicts but also those that are victims of natural disaster. To this end, the integration process should pay special attention to humanitarian action and civil protection. The integration of the African Union has been anchored on an enlarged, popular base, culminating in a democratic African Union since it would have been sustained by a union of the people. Thus, regional integration should take on board not only government representatives but also parliamentarians, political parties, economic operators and civil society representatives. It was with this in view that the Pan-African Parliament and ECOSOC were established. Moreover, the integration drive could be championed by groups of countries acting as the engine of integration within and among the Regional Economic Communities (RECs). In other words, some African leaders are of the opinion that, it is not necessary for all countries to be ready at the same time to embark upon the integration train. Integration at variable speed should be conceivable. Policies and strategies to be implemented would have no meaning unless they are human centred. Africa’s population – of whom over 50% are women – must, in all circumstances, be both the actors in and beneficiaries of the structural changes engendered by development; and development should enable humans to accept their identities

Africa in Union 2002-2012

and conditions, rather than fall victim to them. In this regard, development should focus on the rural world and the middle class. Disadvantaged people particularly the disabled should, on this score, be given particular attention and taken on board at all levels. In the same vein, Africa cannot move forward in any domain unless the situation of women is corrected, particularly situations of violence of all sorts of which they are victims. Gender should therefore be mainstreamed into all the activities and all the Organs of the Union, thereby creating an irreversible momentum of recognition and emancipation of women; more so as women are becoming increasingly involved in economic activities both in rural and urban areas. Furthermore, respect for individual and collective rights of the human person within the context

will have to be met to shield them from the mistake of delving into conflicts and wars. Furthermore, the fight against child labour, child trafficking, and the use of child soldiers needs to be intensified. The seventh key idea concerns the African Diaspora. The Constitutive Act of the African Union calls for total mobilisation of all segments of the African population for accomplishment of the set objectives. Undoubtedly, the Diaspora is a particularly important and vital segment in this regard. It is, in fact, in a position to mobilise, for the continent, the requisite scientific, technological and financial resources and expertise for the successful management of the programmes of the African Union Commission. Besides, it can form an abiding bedrock of support in the partnership which Africa would like to see

Integration of the African Union has been anchored on an enlarged, popular base, culminating in a democratic African Union

of universal values and the peculiarities of Africa’s human and people’s rights should be taken on board. The right to water and food forms an integral part of these values. The African youth should, more than ever before, be mobilised around the ideals of African integration. Accounting for the largest majority of the continent’s population and participating increasingly actively in political and democratic processes at national level, the youth could serve as a driving force both in the political advancement of the continent and in the attainment of the objectives and goals enshrined in the Constitutive Act of the African Union. In this regard, the needs of Africa’s youth in terms of education, health and basic infrastructure

develop with industrialised countries and other countries of the South. On this score, the immigration issue and the question of return to, and retention of, African human resources on the continent, will continue to claim the attention of the African Union. Integration policies and strategies need time to yield results and for their full impact to be felt; they have to be situated within specific time frames, given the fact that the apathy, rigidities and constraints to be combated cannot disappear overnight. For this reason, the policies and strategies must be inspired by a long-term vision, which could serve as a guide, and facilitate strategic management of development in a context characterised by numerous uncertainties.

Advertorial

Expanded Public Works Programme: A Government Initiative to Fight Poverty and Unemployment The Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) is an important initiative of the South African Government, led by the Department of Public Works (DPW), closely aligned with Government’s strategy to alleviate poverty and unemployment by providing work opportunities and training for unemployed people. The aim of the Programme remains to create 4.5 million work opportunities for the poor and unemployed (at least 40% women, 30% youth and 2% disabled) in South Africa over a five-year period (2009-2014).

The Programme will be implemented through four sectors: • INFRASTRUCTURE: Increasing the labour intensity of Government-funded infrastructure projects • ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE SECTOR: Creating work opportunities in public environmental programmes (eg Working for Water, Working on Fire, Waste Collection Management and Working on Wetlands) • SOCIAL: Creating work opportunities in public social programmes (eg Home Community-based Care and Early Childhood Development) • NON-STATE SECTOR: Government support of Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs), Community-based Organisations (CBOs), Faith-based Organisations (FBOs) and communities to directly participate in modelling activities and projects in their areas that can create work opportunities All public bodies at National, Provincial and Local Government level are required to ensure the use of direct expenditure towards goods and services that create additional work opportunities for unemployed individuals, primarily by using labour-intensive methods and increased skills. To date, over 2 million work opportunities have been created out of the 4.5 million since the launch of the EPWP Second Phase in 2009, positioning the Programme as one of the key catalysts in Government’s outcome to create jobs and contribute to the Millennium Development Goals of halving unemployment by 2014.

Training Once relevant public bodies have identified suitable EPWP projects, the communities in the area are made aware of existing work opportunities. The beneficiaries recruited into the EPWP projects receive training, coupled with full payment at a daily wage rate for the time spent on training. These training opportunities range from job training to formal accredited skills programmes (including learnerships).

Human Communications 90362

The AOMA is an organisation of Ombudsman and Mediators across the African continent Established in 2003, AOMA currently boasts 37 members straddling the six regions (Northern, Eastern, Central, West, Southern and Indian Ocean) of Africa and efforts are ongoing to encourage those countries who are not yet members of AOMA to swell the ranks of the growing movement for good governance and the rule of law across our continent. AOMA’s objectives are to: • Encourage the establishment, development and promotion of African Ombudsman institutions. • Further mutual support, co-operation and joint activity through informa-

The African Ombudsman Research Centre (AORC) is the resource and archive centre of the African Ombudsman and Mediators Association (AOMA) situated at the University of Kwazulu-Natal, Howard College Campus. Aim of AORC The aim of the African Ombudsman Association Research Centre serves as a focal point for ombudsman offices in Africa, by coordinating their activities and supporting them with the provision of information and training, and acting as a point of liaison with all participants involved in enhancing corporate governance in Africa. Role of AORC The role of AORC is to provide the following services to AOMA members and Ombudsman institutions: Information and research • Creating public awareness and understanding of the existence, history and processes of the Ombudsman office. • Providing background information on issues and topics affecting Ombudsmen. • Providing information on human resources, career and personal development and ethics to ombudsman offices. • Research into Ombudsman trends and practices. Training • In-service training of Ombudsmen. • Education for Ombudsmen and their staff - from paralegal level to masters level in Ombudsman practices. • Continuous professional development, enhancement of skills and improvement of career prospects. From 9 – 13 July 2012 the AORC, with the assistance of GIZ and the Queen Margaret University, conducted training of 20 investigators in Ombudsman offices.

tion sharing, training and development of Ombudsman and staff. • Promote good governance - including the observance of human rights, transparency and administrative justice. • Support and promote the autonomy and independence of Ombudsman offices. • Foster affiliation and maintain liaison with other Ombudsman offices, Institutes and Associations, international bodies and organisations interested in the progress of Ombudsman activities and human rights. • Identify and carry out any other relevant activities that members deem appropriate. The project was launch by the Public Protector of South Africa at an event where Commissioner Julia Joyner was the Guest Speaker. • Sharing of international best practice. Coordination • Establishing lines of communication and collaboration with international organisations (such as the UN, European and World Banks) and other Ombudsman organisations. • Liaising with governance institutions in Africa, such as the African Union (and all its structures) and NEPAD. • Maintaining a membership and networking forum. • Facilitating meetings and conferences. • Developing and operating programmes to improve the exchange of information and experience between African Ombudsmen. Advocacy • Promoting the concept and institution of the Ombudsman, and encouraging its use and development throughout Africa. • Promoting the use of Ombudsman as providers of alternative disute resolution in appropriate circumstances. • Lobbying governance institutions in Africa such as the African Union (and all its structures) and NEPAD about governance issues. • Advocating for the autonomy and independence of Ombudsmen. • Encouraging mutual understanding and assistance by and between Ombudsmen. • Lobbying governments and organisations to ensure Ombudsman offices are adequately and appropriately structured, empowered and resourced. • Providing consultancy services in establishing Ombudsman offices. For more information, contact AORC on Tel: +27 (0) 31 260 3780 or ishara.aorc@gmail.com

The Executive Secretary of AOMA is Adv. Thulisile N. Madonsela, with the following contact details: Public Protector South Africa, 175 Lunnon Street, Hillcrest Office Park, Lynnwood, Pretoria. Private Bag X677, Pretoria,0001, South Africa Landline: +27-12-366-7000, Fax: +27-12-362-3473, Email: Madonselat@pprotect.org

AUC

Towards an ‘integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa...’

the AU a decade later The past decade has seen marked changes on the African continent, pointing towards a bright future for the continent as it strives for integration, peace and prosperity. By Molly Tsitsi Chimhanda

2012 marks the 10th anniversary of the 54-member African Union (AU), which was

created to strengthen integration among member states and the voice of the African continent in global affairs. The AU is dedicated to promoting peace, security and stability, democratic principles and institutions, popular participation, good governance and human and people’s rights. With the vision that without peace, there can be no meaningful development on the continent, the AU has made strides in ensuring that member states are committed to the institution’s agenda for democracy and good governance. New states emerged while waves of protests by civilians against authoritarian governments have revealed how infringement of basic rights can lead to the destruction Africa in Union 2002-2012

AUC

of nations. The efforts to maintain peace by the AU through its Commission can however not go unnoticed, as the continent has managed a reduction in conflicts through various means, among them the use of non-force in trying to resolve disputes among states. South Sudan emerged as a new state in January 2011. However, the institution still has to look at whether the case for secession will not bring about a surge in other states demanding their ‘independence’, a case in point being Somaliland, which despite being unrecognised by some member states in the AU, has grounds for arguing for its secession from Somalia. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has since been recognised as autonomous from Morocco by the AU since it declared its right to self-determination. The AU has recognised self-determination as principle in international law, and has been respectful of the fact that states have a right to choose their own sovereignty and political status without external interference. Governments will have to address issues regarding marginalised groups, to avoid conflicts arising over the issue of boundaries through careful assessment of the needs presented for secession by various parties to see whether it is acceptable or not. The case for secession although noble, will continue to be a problem that needs to be addressed by the institution, which still has to deal with issues regarding fair allocation of resources (as is the case with South Sudan and Sudan), while reports of human rights abuses from the Western Sahara continue to be highlighted by a host of organisations, which include Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and Reporters Without Borders. The consideration of reports from civic society organisations such as these have shown the efficient and effective engagement that the AU has with civic society through the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR). The uprisings in North Africa on the other hand, that have seen the demise of

Africa in Union 2002-2012

leaders like Hosni Mubarak (Egypt), Muammar Gaddafi (Libya) and Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (Tunisia), and protests in Syria and lately Senegal, should be taken by AU member states as a time for them to renew their commitment to the agenda for democracy and governance. The role played by the AU in the resolution of conflicts and during elections cannot go unnoticed. The AU continues to offer its support in Somalia through AMISOM, which as of February 2012, had its force strength increased to 17 731 uniformed personnel from 12 000 after the UN offered its support. The UN’s help to AMISOM although a testimony of the institution’s commitment to the AU and is a move towards stabilisation and desired reconciliation, leaves a lot to be desired in as far as finding African solutions to African problems is concerned. In as far as electoral processes are concerned, the AU adopted the ‘African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance’, which makes it mandatory to invite observers to elections. The organisation’s Pan African Parliament has carried out this function of election observation through dispatching various observers to several elections in member states. AU Commission Chairperson Dr. Jean Ping in his address to the 17th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU in Malabo, New Guinea (30 June 2011), observed that the holding of elections in the various states over the past six months bears witness to “a deepening pluralistic democracy” on the continent. The institution was the first to recognise Alassane Outtara’s victory in Cote D’Ivoire in 2011, and played an important role in Democratic Republic of Congo in elections that were held on November 28, 2011. Economically, the various Regional Economic Communities (RECs) have taken steps towards integration in terms of trade. The Community of Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), the East African Community (ECA) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) have since set out to create the biggest free trade area on the continent. Over the

past decade, the continent achieved a growth rate of about 5.5% as a result of improved macro-economic stability, a reduction in foreign and government debt levels and the lowering of trade barriers among other factors. Despite such a positive outlook, corruption is still at the core of various economies and other activities such as nepotism and non-adherence to the rule of law, can compromise growth and productivity in any economy. Challenges will continue to be faced in trade as a result of the low standards in African products because the continent is overly raw materials-based and has made little progress in the way of manufacturing the raw materials, which are of abundance in the various countries. The AU therefore has to look into ways in which sustainable development can be achieved to avoid short-lived growth. It is apparent that the AU has made progress towards the implementation of various projects that are meant to bring about a prosperous Africa. Examples include CARMMA, which aims to cut maternal mortality in countries with high rates, the Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA), which is meant to develop a vision and strategic framework for the development of regional and continental infrastructure initiative and The Pan African University, which was created to revitalise higher education and research in Africa. These are just but a few of the initiatives the AU through the Commission and various branches has undertaken. The continent’s development and eventual success is hinged on the member states’ commitment towards achieving sustainable human, social and economic development and effective governance. This desired state is achievable, but more needs to be done in order to strengthen African states’ capacity so that their people can benefit from an improved quality of life, which will ultimately be the vehicle for peace, with the hindsight that peaceful states are bound to be more prosperous than those inflicted by wars and other vices.

Development

Africa in Union 2002-2012

AUC

Building bricks In order to build a sustainable and intense modernisation, Africa needs to become an equal partner in the global economy, and never before has it seen such open and welcoming international hands. By kerry dimmer

It may be that Africa is the last frontier for development, and in the fast-paced

world of investment, the continent, with its still abundant mineral wealth, its under-developed industry and huge potential for growth across all sectors, offers a variety of choices. In taking advantage of the opportunities, Africa will have the negotiating power to change, not just its economic status but to motivate development of its centuries-old burdens of poverty, health, education, corruption and capacity development, among a myriad of others. One of the biggest concerns is Africa’s lack of infrastructure. In its Action Plan 2010–2015, the African Union stresses that infrastructure is critical if poverty reduction and economic development is to take place. The cost of poor or inadequate infrastructure to business, in terms of lost output alone cannot be measured adequately; but, estimates from the World Bank suggest that economic growth rates could be at least 1% higher. After extensive research, and in partnership with the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (Nepad), the AU’s strategic focus on infrastructure is broken down into a number of initiatives and studies that will provide an enabling growth path as the catalysts. Priority programmes have been identified inclusive of energy, water and sanitation, transport, ICT, and development corridors. Yet, none of these developments can be motivated or sustained without the co-operation of a unity of nations; therefore, organisations like the AU, Nepad, the African Development Bank and World Bank, for example, are crucial in spearheading regional integration. Mutual co-operation between African nations will liberate its growth to be less dependent on the global surge that stands waiting on the horizon. If the merger of cross-border and foreign investment can be facilitated, Africa will be able to control the way in which business and growth develops, without entirely relying on the global community, or those unscrupulous investors who seek to purge without leaving a legacy for African sustainability. Africa in Union 2002-2012

Development

Africa needs to be able to sustain itself, along with willing foreign investment, but such control must remain predominately in the hands of its African caretakers. Education and training will be important tools of trade, especially if investors are prepared to boost their activities to include social investment or facilitating development projects that uplift or benefit entire communities. The constraints of trade in the past have certainly pointed to the lack of infrastructure, not least of which access to energy. The African Development Bank

Africa in Union 2002-2012

estimates that the continent has more than 7% of the world’s oil reserve and 8% of the world’s natural gas resources. Africa’s potential for renewable energy is also huge, particularly hydropower that is estimated to be 13% of the world’s total. Africa’s own energy consumption is the lowest in the world, and with an average rate of electrification of just 26%, the AU/Nepad objective is five-fold in terms of promoting intra-African trade in energy, the clean use of energy, regional co-operation, global exports, and efficiency in energy infrastructure.

One project that has been flagged as an imperative is the Kariba-North and Itezhi-Tezhi Hydropower Expansion Project. By installing 360 MW units and the development of another 120 MW of power, the southern Africa power pool will be strengthened and united with the eastern regions of the continent. Sambangalou Kaleta Hydropower and OMVG Interconnection will improve a reliable supply of energy to Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea-Conakry and further aid interconnection with other western African nations. Regional electrical interconnections are proving successful and feasible. However, funding such projects is quite costly, something that Africa cannot source by itself. As each installation or refurbishment brings stability to the power grids, interest also rises and ticks one of the boxes of a potential investor’s concerns. Ticking yet another box is addressing Africa’s water and sanitation issues. The AU and Nepad have eight objectives in this sector: ensuring water security; enabling equitable allocation of water resources; promotion of equitable sharing; mitigating climate change impacts; enhancing of regional co-operation (shared water resources); ensuring governmental support; promoting environmental protection; and achieving Africa Water Vision 2025. The Senegal River Basin Water and Environmental Management Project is being funded by the African Development Bank, France, the GEF, the IDA, Netherlands and the UNDP at a cost of more than US$20 million. The Nile Basin is receiving funding from, among others, the World Bank; and, the Niger River Basin is an example of a shared vision for sustainable development through capacity building and stakeholder investment. Transport has also been a concern. How Africa links with the rest of the world and transports its goods to market has been an impediment not only to economic development but also social

COMESA Congratulates AUC

10th

on its

Anniversary

COMESA Congratulates AUC on 10th Anniversary

The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) congratulates the African Union Commission on its 10th Anniversary Celebrations. COMESA is a building bloc of the African Union and through regional integration we are contributing to the AUC’s goal of striving “Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values”.

COMESA TRADE IN SERVICES PROGRAMME

The COMESA Trade in Services programme has registered good progress so far by putting in place a framework and choosing priority sectors. This is a clear recognition by Member States of the important role of services in promoting trade in goods and in moving towards deeper levels of integration in accordance with the COMESA timelines for forming a common market by 2015 and a monetary union by 2018. The ultimate goal is to achieve socio-economic and technological development of the region and achieve the COMESA vision of being a fully integrated region that is internationally competitive and prosperous with high living standards for the ordinary people. What remains is the conclusion of the initial schedules of specific commitment which will indicate the actual level of liberalization that Member States accord to each other in the COMESA region and developing mutual recognition agreements.

Key sectors in trade in services include:• • • • • • • • • •

Communication services Construction and related engineering services Distribution services Educational services Environmental services Financial services Health-related and Social services Tourism and Travel-Related services Recreational, Cultural and Sporting services Transport services

COMESA Secretariat, Lusaka Tel: +260 211 229725-31

Development

development. This is particularly true for the landlocked nations that pay up to four times more for transport services meaning that in many instances these costs are among the highest in the world. As it is with the rest of the world, more than 80% of Africa’s trade is carried to market by water. If inland waterways are included, this statistic increases by another 5%. The South African Maritime Safety Authority (Samsa) is considered the most experienced and largest maritime authority

infrastructure and associated services; providing efficient multi-model transport logistical services, and ensuring the accessibility of seamless transport along corridors; and providing the missing links for regional integration. Another crucial element towards growth lies in Africa’s ability to communicate. The ICT sector is essential to bridging the digital divide that has stagnated Africa in the dark ages of technological development. There is an

reduction in costs of services is also a priority. Submarine cables have already opened networking opportunities and more in the pipeline will ultimately link all Africa’s nations with one another. The potential for these developments is mammoth in facilitating investment and trade deals. There are innumerable projects underway that will completely facelift Africa over the coming decades, indeed in just the next five years. Along with the

in Africa. Tsietsi Mokhele, Commander of Samsa, says that because the continent has not developed its shipping capacity to any significant extent, ‘there is enormous economic and monetary wastage, especially for the 16 landlocked nations.’ Together with the AU, Samsa is working to develop an African integrated maritime strategy that addresses issues of economic development, inclusive of maritime security and safety. The Nepad/AU partnership focuses on rail and air in its transport objectives which include strengthening the economic and social development of African regions through trade and movement of people; enhancing the efficiency of transport

unstoppable express train of demand from the growing youth and middle class of Africans who realise the potential for ICT to enhance knowledge and increase trade opportunities. Again, it is regional integration that serves to accelerate Africa as an active participant in the global information highway. The plan devised by AU and Nepad is to focus on establishing harmonised policy, legal and regulatory frameworks across the continent, which in turn will accelerate development of ICT growth. Both organisations believe that e-applications and services will improve government, education, trade and business services. Motivating a

upgrading of the health, education, environment, and food sectors, there is significant revision and stabilisation of governmental and political protocols. Corruption and civil strife are diminishing; although some areas remain precarious, Africa is not in denial. Instead, Africa is quite willing to admit to its mistakes, to make efforts to houseclean and monitor one another’s territory, to mediate and mend its reputation and more importantly to build the greatest continent in the world. The theory of ‘if you build it, they will come’ has never been truer; and, Africa has started building the foundation for the greatest show on earth.

Africa in Union 2002-2012

TEN YEAR PARTNERSHIP For Brazil, Africa is a key partner. There are several linkages between both regions, like common cultural background and ethnical links - Brazil has the second largest Black population outside Africa -, socio-economic identities and political and economical relationship. For that, the launch of the Union, in July, 2002, which was a major achievement for all African countries, was learnt by Brazil as a milestone in the pursuit of African development, peace and autonomy.

Ricado Stuckert

t is remarkable that in such a short period of time, the AU has reached a high level of effectiveness dealing with African internal problems: increasing the democracy, sensitively decreasing the number and the dimension of internal conflicts, and fostering the dialogue towards a deeper integration of all the African brother countries. Following the advances of the Union, Brazil has decided, in September, 2004, to reopen its Embassy in Addis Ababa, which was finally opened in February, 2005. Since then, Brazil has been a very close friend to AU as well as an attentive observer of its main debates, decisions and activities. The fruitful dialogue and the closer coordination and cooperation between Brazil and the AU produced, very quickly, outstanding results. In July, 12 to 14, 2006, Brazil and AU organized in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, the II Conference of Intellectuals from Africa and the Diaspora (II CIAD). The first time the event was held out of the African continent. The Conference gathered about 1.000 scholars, students, politicians and leaders from all over the World. Among a variety of Heads of State, Heads of International Organizations and historical leaders, the President of the Commission of African Union at that moment, H.E. Alpha Konaré, was one of the main names in Bahia. In November, 2006, African and South American leaders were together in the I African and South American countries Summit, in Abuja, Nigeria. Former President Luís Inácio Lula da Silva was there, and, jointed efforts with the host country and the AU to make possible that historical meeting, which meant an important step towards the relatively new paradigm of cooperation which links both regions: the South-South Cooperation. In February, 2007, Mr. Konaré paid another visit to Brazil. The President of

XIII AU Assembly, July 2009, Former PR Lula with the President of South Africa, Jacob Zumal, and the Former Minister of External Relations, Ambassador Celso Amorim

the AU Commission has been with Former President Lula and Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador Celso Amorim, to discuss the main topics of the South-South Cooperation: development, fight against hungry, poverty alleviation, social justice, peace, democracy, biofuels. Brazil and AU signed, at that moment, the Technical Cooperation Agreement, which is the legal basis for many current bilateral projects between Brazil and African countries in many fields such as agriculture, health and energy. In July, 2009, was the time President Lula to come to participate in the XIII African Union Assembly, which took place in Sirte, Lybia. It was the same place where, ten years before, it was signed the Sirte Declaration, where the leaders participating in the IV Extraordinary Session of the Former African Unity Organization, committed to establish the African Union. In that occasion, Brazil and AU signed three agreements more, based on the Technical Cooperation Agreement, in the fields of Agriculture and Livestock; and Social Development, which includes actions in the fields of health, culture, sports, among others. Former President Lula also participated, as Special Envoy of President Dilma Rousseff, in the XVII African Union Assembly, in Malabo, Guinea Equatorial, in June, 2011. The Brazilian Minister of External Relations, H.E. Ambassador Antonio de XIII AU Assembly, July 2009, Opening Session - Former PR Lula and the Aguiar Patriota, has been to Addis Ababa, in April, 2012, when he held a meeting President of the AU Commission, Jean Ping. with the AU Commissioner for Peace and Security, H.E. Ambassador Ramtame Lamamra. Ambassador Patriota has also participated, as The Brazilian Ministry of External Relations has developed a Special Course for African Special Guest, in the 319th Ministerial Meeting of the diplomats. The course has been held in 2010, 2011 and 2012. In 2010, the course was Peace and Security Council. It is also remarkable the open to all African diplomats. In 2011, there was a special edition to English-speaking participation of the Brazilian Minister to the Promotion of countries, and, in 2012, there is the special edition to French-speaking African diplomats. Racial Equality, H.E. Luiza Bairros, in the I Global African The main themes in those courses were the opportunities and channels by which the Diaspora Summit, in Johannesburg, in May, 2012. cooperation with the Brazilian institutions can be held. The cooperation in Agriculture Besides the visits paid by Presidents and Ministers, the was the upfront theme considering the interest of the African diplomats in all the partnership between Brazil and AU has been marked by editions, followed by the working process of the Brazilian institutions as a whole. several high level visits of both parts. The Director of

the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), Mr. Ibrahim Mayaki, have been to Brazil in December, 2010, and in May, 2012, to participate in the Seminar “Investing in Africa: opportunities, challenges and tools for the economic cooperation”, organized by the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES). Mr. Mayaki has been to Brazil again during the Rio+20 Conference, in June 2012. From Brazil, the Vice-Minister for Africa and Middle East, Ambassador Paulo Cordeiro, has been to Addis Ababa, on behalf of H.E. President Dilma Rousseff and H.E. the Minister of External Relations, Ambassador Antonio de Aguiar Patriota, to participate, as observer, in the XVIII and XIX African Union Summit. The Ten years partnership between Brazil and the African Union has a long list of successful meetings and dialogues. The challenge for the partners for now on is to find channels and means to deep, in the next ten years, the cooperation and to produce effective results in this fruitful relationship.

THE COMMON FIGTH AGAINST HUNGER Brazil and the African Union have developed common projects related to Agriculture, Food Security and the Fight Against Hunger. Brazil knew famine in a not so far past time, and Africa, in some cases, still faces the problem. The partners have, therefore, decided to share experiences to overcome this serious task. In this sense, Brazil has concentrated its cooperation actions in Africa in this field. The Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC), based on the Technical Cooperation Agreement, signed in February, 2007, has been developed projects all over Africa related to a variety of cultures, and in the livestosck. Working in a very close partnership with agencies from African countries, ABC develops projects specially customized for the African proposals, taking into account its needs, and the existing limitations of both sides. The ABC model is much closer to a brotherhood horizontal relationship than a vertically master-student program of cooperation. Both parties learn from their common experience. When there is the need of humanitarian aid, Brazil uses to attach it, when it is possible, to sustainable programs of self supply, based on the Brazilian experience, which has generated a dynamic economical spiral in the Northeast region of Brazil, which has succeed to overcome the famine and the depression, both with a holistic approach, based not only in the urgent supply, but also in the development of a local production. The main event where Brazil and the AU have shared ideas and proposals in those fields was the Brazil-Africa Dialogue on Food Security, Fight against Hunger, and Rural Development, in May, 2010. The event was a opportunity to exchange knowledge and experiences, both in terms of public policy for family farming - technical assistance and rural extension services, crop insurance, food supply, income security, institutional markets, credit, access to land - as well as in terms of policies related to small associations, cooperatives, agricultural research and technologies, profiting on the knowledge accumulated by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa. Another area in the agricultural field where both Brazil and African countries have evolved is the production of biofuels. Brazil is a global leader in the sustainable production of biofuels, especially in the high productive sugarcane ethanol, and African countries are starting to take advantage of Brazilian special costless programs of transfer of technology.

carol reis

Roberto Stuckert Filho

Special dinner with President Dilma Rousseeff and the African Head of Delegations, during the Rio +20, June 2012, Rio de Janeiro.

I would like to congratulate Africa on the 10th Anniversary of the African Union. The establishment of the AU in 2002 was a watershed in Africa’s regional development and was received by the Brazilian Government with enthusiasm as it presented new possibilities for coordination and cooperation with the African continent. African unity had been in a constant process of construction and maturation for decades, and the creation of the AU was a clear and unequivocal sign that the process had brought to life a new reality. The Brazilian Government over the last decade has attributed the highest priority to its relations with Africa and the African Union. The reopening of our Embassy in Addis Ababa in 2005 is a sign of Brazil’s determination to strengthen its ties not only with Ethiopia and East Africa, but also with the AU. As an Observer State to the AU, Brazil has been able to benefit from the Organization’s structure and expertise to further develop our relations with individual African States and with the Continent as a whole. Brazil continues to develop technical cooperation with Africa, having promoted the signing of Technical Cooperation agreements with the AU that aim to foster integrated initiatives towards sustainable economic and social development. The last decade demonstrated that African unity is no longer a dream, but indeed a conquest. I am confident that the next decade will show us that the AU is more than ready, willing and capable of fulfilling African goals in the most important areas, in accordance with the aspirations of Africans from all subregions. Allow me to take this opportunity to pledge Brazil’s full support to the AU in its efforts to achieve African peace and development. H.E. Antonio de Aguiar Patriota Minister of External Relations of the Federative Republic of Brazil

Economic affairs

Commissioner for Economic Affairs of the African Union (AU), Dr. Maxwell Mkwezalamba from the Republic of Malawi (2004 – 20012)

Mapping Africa’s economic direction The Economic Affairs Commission can be said to be the face of Africa’s money. It strategically organises economic development programmes, brings together like-minded institutions and sets the agenda for Africa’s economic direction. By Munyaradzi Makoni

A Malawian economist, HE Dr. Maxwell Mkwezalamba is the Commissioner

for Economic Affairs at the African Union. His Director, Dr René N’guettia Kouassi is a native of Côte d’Ivoire. The Economic Affairs Commission is the implementer of the Abuja Treaty. The Abuja Treaty was written in 1991 before the Organisation of African Unity changed its name to African Union. The treaty also known as the African Economic Community (AEC) Treaty is

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Economic affairs

The attainment of the Millenium Development Goals gets a review on an annual basis by the Economic Affairs Division in collaboration with the African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.

designed to promote economic, social and cultural development in Africa. The AEC paved a way for progressive integration of the activities of existing and future regional economic communities (RECs) in Africa. The treaty legitimises the activities of all the RECs that include East African Community, Economic Community of Central African States, Community of Sahel Saharan States and Southern Africa Development Community, Policies and research. The constitutive act of the African Union provides setting up of the African Central Bank, the African Monetary Fund to determine a common direction for the structural and economic reform and the African Investment Bank; develop the continent through investment in public and private projects, the main concern of the African heads of state to foster economic integration. The idea is that the African Central Bank will create a common currency and enforce its credibility, in addition to conducting monetary policy in the continent. It will be similar to the mould of Franceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s former colonies in western and central Africa that has had the CFA franc for more than sixty years. The Association of African Central Bank Governors proposed the plan for the

single currency, the Afro or the Afriq in 2003 to be materialised by 2021. The Commission and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa jointly organises the Conference of African Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development annually. Every two years, the Commission of the African Union organises the Congress of African Economists in order to identify and analyse the economic problems affecting African countries and to propose an effective and lasting solution. The congress usually brings together the best African economists within and outside the continent. The attainment of the Millennium Development Goals gets a review on an annual basis by the Economic Affairs division in collaboration with the African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. The AU is tackling the challenge of increasing Africaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s share of global investment flows which churns out employment creation and poverty alleviation. Through the private sector development, investment and resource mobilisation initiative, appropriate policies and plans of action and developing programmes are formulated. These are not

limited to accessing the international financial markets, private sector mobilisation, mobilising domestic markets and improvement of the ordinary financial contribution of Member States through proposals for other sources of financing the Union. For example, studies have been conducted to identify alternative sources of financing the African Union. The provision of financial services to low-income clients including the self-employed who traditionally lack access to banking and related-services is one such measure. The motive also drives the Africa-European Union Dialogue launched in 2000 with the holding of a Joint Africa-EU Summit in Cairo, Egypt. The summit facilitates and promotes broad-based people-centred partnership by empowering non-state actors. Statistics help in drawing valid assumption, along with a measure of their reliability about the population constraints from the sample data. At AU, this responsibility belongs to Economic Affairs division. The department generates timely, reliable and harmonised statistical information, covering all aspects of political, economic, social and cultural integration for Africa. Africa in Union 2002-2012

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Trade and industry

Africa aspires for sustainable trade When the global economy plunged in 2009, Africa was drastically affected. Trade dropped, export earnings and government revenue shrunk, remittance and tourism-related inflows almost dried, thus worsening unemployment and aggravating poverty. By Munyaradzi Makoni

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Trade and industry

The global economic downturn caught Africa less prepared; though it suffered the most, the continent was cushioned from total catastrophes by buoyant 6% economic growth rate in the period 2002-2008 which decreased to 2% in 2009. The circumstances served to highlight what Africa has been trying to achieve, building a sound economy based on intra-African trade and becoming a competitive global market player. The late Mrs Elisabeth Tankeu, Commissioner for Trade and Industry, had been pursuing this agenda with support from AU parties. Sadly, Tankeu passed away in October 2011 when she

had almost finished her second four-year term. Mrs Fatima Haram Acyl replaced her with even more vigour. The mission is to integrate Africa into the multilateral trading system to meet development problems in Africa. The Commission of Trade and Industry in Africa is promoting multi-stakeholder policy dialogue on trade issues on the continent. It is mobilising different trade constituencies across Africa and the world to debate and exchange views relating to intra-African trade with a view to create a continental market. The Trade and Industry Commission has a strategic objective to boost intra-African trade, and fast-track the Continental Free Area (CFTA) and have it running by 2017. As can be observed, intra-African trade averages around 10% of Africa’s total trade, while Africa’s share in world trade is about 3% on average. African experts perceive the CFTA, as well as boosting intra-African trade, can bridge the disconnection, in physical infrastructure and trade, between Southern and Eastern Africa on one hand, and Northern, Western and Central Africa on the other hand. Regional economic communities, Common Market for East and South Africa (COMESA) East African Community (EAC) and Southern African Development Communities (SADC) have been brought together to establish a single Free Trade Area (FTA) initiative covering 26 African countries. These countries represent more than half of AU membership, with a combined population of 530 million (57% of Africa’s population) and a total GDP of $630 billion or 53% of Africa’s total. But, to fully reap the benefits of a Free Trade Area, members have to meet certain conditions which include stable and

predictable trade policy environment, trade facilitation measures and encouraging competition among firms in the region amongst others. This has become the broader role of Trade and Industry Commission. Action Plans for accelerated industrial development of Africa, Development of Science and Technology, Infrastructure Development Africa Mining Vision, and the adoption of African Agribusiness and Agro-Industries Development Initiative (3ADI). Efforts to expand intra-African trade have been channelled towards breaking down tariffs and non-tariff barriers and enhancing mutually advantageous commercial relations through trade liberalisation schemes. The Commission is also working on mechanisms to implement monetary harmonisation programmes to be able to convert multiple currencies used in Africa through the COMESA Regional Payment and Settlement System (REPSS). The African Trade Policy Centre (ATPC), an initiative of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa with funding support from the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), in collaboration with the African Union Commission (AUC), African Development Bank (AfDB) among other partners are supporting this initiative to have CFTA. The AfDB president Mr Donald Kaberuka has come out in support of setting up the intra-African trade initiative saying African exports to the rest of the world could grow rapidly if existing efforts were scaled up to improve the continent’s physical infrastructure which continues to undermine competitiveness and trade growth. Africa in Union 2002-2012

AFCAC – CAFAC

About AFCAC: The Constitutive Conference convened by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now the African Union (AU) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 1969, created the African Civil Aviation Commission (AFCAC). AFCAC was fully established and began functioning in 1969 and on 11 May 1978, became the OAU Specialized Agency in the field of Civil Aviation. From inception, AFCAC was technically, administratively and financially managed by ICAO through African member States’ contributions. AFCAC became autonomous from ICAO management on 1st January 2007. The 1969 AFCAC constitution was revised and the new AFCAC Constitution (2009) provisionally entered into force on 11 May 2010. AFCAC was entrusted with the responsibility of being the Executing Agency for the implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision by the Ministers of Air Transport on 11 May 2007 and was endorsed by the Assembly of Heads of States and Governments on 29 June 2007. This has been codified in the new Constitution. AFCAC today comprises 54 African States and is managed through a triennial Plenary (consisting of all member States). The Bureau is made up of a President, 5 Vice-Presidents (representing North, West, East, Central and South African Regions) and the Coordinator of the African Group at the ICAO Council. The Secretariat is headed by a Secretary General.

A. VISION

To foster a safe, secure, efficient, cost effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly civil aviation industry in Africa.

B. MISSION

As the specialized agency of the African Union responsible for Civil Aviation matters in Africa, AFCAC will facilitate cooperation and coordination among African States towards the development of an integrated and sustainable Air transport system; and foster the implementation of ICAO SARPs and development of harmonized rules and regulations consistent with international best practices in civil aviation.

AFCAC Roles includes: v Coordinating civil aviation matters in Africa and cooperating with ICAO and all other relevant organizations and other bodies which are involved in the promotion and development of civil aviation; v Facilitating, coordinating and ensuring the successful implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision by supervising and managing Africa`s liberalized air transport industry; v Formulating and enforcing appropriate rules and regulations that give fair and equal opportunity to all stakeholders and promote fair competition; v Promoting understanding on policy matters between its member States and States in other parts of the world; v Fostering inter alia the implementation of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices for the safety, security, environmental protection and regularity of the aviation sector; Ensuring adherence to and implementation of Decisions of the Plenary, Bureau and the Assembly.

v

Strategic Objectives To implement its Vision and Mission, AFCAC has established five strategic objectives for the period 2011-2016: Air Transport: To foster Sustainable Development of Air Transport in Africa; Safety: Enhance Civil Aviation Safety in Africa; Security: Enhance Civil Aviation Security in Africa; Human Resource Development: Ensure Sustainable Human Resource Development for African Aviation; Rule of Law: Strengthening the Rule of Law in African Aviation.

AFCAC - CAFAC African Civil Aviation Commision Commission Africaine de L’aviation Civile Leopold Sedar Senghor International Airport Road Tel : +221 77 859 88 00 / Fax : +221 33 820 70 18

B.P : 8898 Dakar, Sénégal

secretariat@afcac.org www.afcac.org

AFCAC Headquarters, Dakar 2012

AU Departments

political affairs department

The Political Affairs Department’s main focus is contributing to the emergence of a political environment, within and among African countries, as well as at the international level that is conducive to bringing about sustainable development and accelerating the economic integration of the continent. By our correspndent

The department plays an important role in facilitating, promoting, coordinating and encouraging democratic principles, the rule of law, human rights, and civil society participation in the continent’s development as well as the achievement of durable solutions for addressing humanitarian crises. It recognises that Africa is still in the political development phase, confronted with the challenge of promoting greater democracy and good governance. The emergence of a conducive political environment within and among African countries is critical to the continent’s sustainable development and so is the accelerating of economic integration. Promoting, facilitating, coordinating and encouraging democratic principles and the rule of law, respect of Human Rights, participation of the civil society in the development process of the continent and the achievement

In African Union 2002-2012

of durable solutions for addressing humanitarian crisis stand out as principles that the AUC seeks to achieve through the Political Affairs Department. The rule of law and respect for human rights as well as effectively addressing humanitarian crisis. Therefore, there is a need to ensure that the challenges facing the AU in the above areas are addressed through entrenching the principles of political pluralism, transparency, accountability and freedom that are lacking in many countries. The department’s four focus areas of human rights, democracy and election observation, humanitarian affairs, refugees and displaced persons encompass activities that will restore basic rights to the people of the continent as well as to ensure that peace and integration prevails in line with the AU’s vision. Four charters of the African Union are worth mentioning

AU Departments

when looking at the important work done by the organisation through the department. These are the 1963 Charter on Human and People’s Rights, the 1981 Constitutive Act of the AU adopted in 2000 and the Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance. These indicate distance covered by the African regional political order in the formulation of principles and standards to guarantee human dignity and rights in Africa and the development of appropriate mechanisms responsible for securing adherence to and enforcement of these principles and standards. Commissioner Mrs Julia Dolly Joiner leads the Political Affairs Department. Speaking at the 21st Session of the Human Rights Council, Joiner said “the African Union in close collaboration with its relevant organs and the international

community, continues to follow closely human rights abuses violations and will spare no efforts aimed at addressing them whether from a preventive perspective or by addressing these challenges when they occur”. Efforts in war-affected regions of Africa for example, the DRC and Sudan feature strongly on the radar of the African Union. Measures aimed at enforcing the adherence to the respect of human rights through the Political Affairs Department take centre stage. The human rights strategy for Africa is a guiding framework for collective action by the African Union and is meant to strengthen the African human rights system. In a way, the strategy is meant to deepen Africa’s culture of democracy and human rights. All this is promoted by the Political Affairs Department in collaboration with the necessary organs of the African Union Commission. In African Union 2002-2012

Message from the AUC

Message from Dr Nkosazana Zuma, the first lady Chairperson of the African Union Commission I am always in awe of the incredible work of the African

Union but never more proud as I am today with the launch of this publication, to celebrate 50 years of its presence and efforts across the continent. A book of this nature provides just a taste of our achievements, reminding us of where we have come from amid some of the worst of times, and yes, some of the best of times. Such â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;best of timesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; are growing daily and I have no doubt that as we stand on the threshold of growing investment combined with the acknowledgement from the global arena that Africa is ready, the continent will achieve its rightful place as a giant. It has been a long hard struggle, we cannot deny that, yet despite all the conflicts, the struggles for democracy and independence, liberation, and the social plights, there are many victories to celebrate. And the AU has been there, every step of the way for the past 50 years. Driven by the need to ensure peace, stability and liberation for all, the AU continues to mediate and fuel the social, economic, human development and good governance requirements across the continent, particularly in the final frontiers of conflict and strife where it works even harder to find peaceful settlements. What remains crucial for Africa is continued development, without it we cannot achieve resolution for any remaining problems. Without capacity development we cannot truly explore the endless and exciting opportunities that queue at our door. Without ownership we cannot hold onto Africanisation. Without commitment and unity we will not be able to overcome our challenges. The very words African and Union say it all, which is why, along with our African institutional and organisational partnerships, more has been achieved in the past five decades than the hundreds of years that came before. And we celebrate those partnerships in this publication. We honour them and respect their knowledge, their guidance, their devotion and sincere commitment as we work together to achieve the greatest of heights. The energy that comes from such liaisons impacts on every one of us. All Africans are empowered when individually and collectively they experience the dynamic of working to the greater good. We have witnessed governments reprioritise people over wealth, education over economics, food security over exports, health over conflict. We have seen women elevated and recognised; we have seen our youth motivated through increased

Africa in Union 2002-2012

education and knowledge; we have seen our children grow healthier; and our men become stronger. There is a constant cycle at play however, which is why the AUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work will never end. We will never slip into apathy thinking that all is good and right. The balance must be maintained and we must all constantly renew, rethink and redress to ensure we do not neglect even the slightest issue that if left to simmer could escalate into a crisis. We have had more than our fair share of conflict, and I know that African passion is very powerful but I remain hopeful that experience and valuable guidance will be our saving grace going forward. The African passion I speak of is a blessing when it is used positively, there is great power there and when united, nothing is impossible. Similarly at the AU, we bear witness to the effects that our joint energy achieves in motivating change and economic advancement. Our common objective at the AU remains to define and build a trajectory that lifts the continent from poverty and underdevelopment; to take us deeper into an African agenda with shared values of consistent political and democratic freedom, as well as the continued modernisation of productive forces. I acknowledge that even as one of the premier development institutions on the continent, the AU still has some work to do in strengthening and improving its own capacity. Our priority therefore is to ensure that the AU becomes even more effective, responsive and efficient; that it firmly represents the organisational and shared values of collective leadership, hard work, and inclusivity with a people-centered approach. But we do not act in a vacuum. Our strength of purpose is validated when the policies we adopt are upheld, measured and valued by our member states. We also graciously receive direction, resources and support from our global cooperation partners without whom we may well have faltered or not advanced to the level we enjoy today. As you turn the pages of this publication, I hope you will see as I have done, the incredible courage that marks our survival, that Africa is no longer fragile or dark. It is alive, lush with growth and stands in the light of progress. We have rediscovered our true essence as Africans: we are survivors, we are strong, we are capable and free, and our spirit can never be broken when we stand united.

Engaging men and boys for gender equality across Africa The MenEngage Africa Network is part of a global alliance of organisations that work to promote the engagement of men and boys in achieving gender equality, ending gender-based violence (GBV) and mitigating the impact of HIV and AIDS. Through collaboration and resource sharing among organisations, joint advocacy initiatives, and capacity and leadership development on gender equality at all levels within Africa, the Network seeks to question gender norms in society and empower individuals, communities and governments to challenge negative masculinities that often perpetuate gender inequality.

Africa Training Initiative (MATI) was launched together with the University of Cape Town (UCT)’s Women’s Health Research Unit. The Network has also collaborated with governments across the continent to strengthen a focus on engaging men and boys for gender equality within national laws and policies, particularly National Strategic Plans for HIV, and has developed a series of policy reports to support this work. This demonstrates that the MenEngage Africa Network is committed to building evidence on the impact of work with men and boys, including through research such as the International Men and Gender Equality Survey.

MenEngage Africa operates through a regional steering committee, which supports co-ordination of activities and in-county networks in South, East, West and Central Africa, bringing together communities, civil society, UN, government and academic partners working on a range of issues such as GBV, sexual abuse and exploitation, women’s rights, youth and child rights, HIV,

At the community level, network members reach hundreds of people each day, challenging men to stand up for the rights of women and girls, and questioning widely accepted patriarchal norms and behaviours which perpetuate inequalities. This work also seeks to break the negative notions of masculinity that often encourage men to engage in violence, as well as in risky sexual behaviours, and gender norms that often discourage men from accessing services to address their own health and welfare, and that of others.

fatherhood, sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR), maternal health as well as refugee and migrant rights. To date, MenEngage Africa has networks in the following countries: Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The current chair of MenEngage Africa is Sonke Gender Justice Network, a South African-based civil society organisation that works to engage men and boys in gender equality and human rights (www.genderjustice.org.za) Thus far, the Network has made a significant impact throughout Africa. In 2009, MenEngage Africa held the first ever, continentwide consultation on gender work with men and boys in Johannesburg which brought together 350 representatives from over 30 countries and culminated in the Johannesburg Declaration in addition to the development of detailed action plans for each of the MenEngage Africa country networks in attendance. Since then, meetings have been convened across the continent with, among others, 90 religious leaders in Freetown; with key partners for a dialogue about accountability to women’s rights organisations in Nairobi; with 70 representatives from 19 UNFPA country offices and civil society partners to deepen skills on gender transformative programmes; and with 8 Lusophone countries to expand into these Portuguese speaking territories. In August 2012, the MenEngage

Effective partnerships with the African Union (AU) and the Regional Economic Communities, such as the South African Development Community (SADC), East African Community (EAC) and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), are key to the work of MenEngage Africa. As African governments endeavour to promote gender equality and the rights of women and girls through various international instruments, the AU is well placed to hold its member states accountable to the various commitments they make. Hence, the AU and the Regional Economic Communities can provide MenEngage Africa with the platform to influence regional and national policies and changes that are related to gender equality and the role of men and boys in most countries.The Network stands ready to collaborate and support such initiatives. The MenEngage Africa Network would like to thank its many committed donors, partners and friends who are dedicated to working together to ensure that gender equality and human rights are achieved throughout Africa. For more details about MenEngage, please visit: www.menengage.org

Sonke Gender Justice Network 11th floor, Phenyo House, 73 Juta Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg Tel: +27 (0) 11 339 3589, Fax: +27 (0) 11 339 6503 www. genderjustice.org.za

chairpersons of the auc Since the establishment of the African Union, the following Chairpersons have piloted the affairs of the Commission.

H.E Professor Alpha Oumar Konare First Chairperson of the African Union Commission (AUC) From 2003 – 2008

Africa in Union 2002-2012

H.E Mr. Amara Essy Last Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU ) and Interim Chairperson of the African Union Commission (AUC) 2001 – 2003 From the Republic of Cote d’Ivoire

AU Chairpersons

H.E DR. JEAN PING Second Chairperson of the African Union Commission (AUC) 2008 – 2012

Nationality: Gabonese Date and Place of Birth: 24 November 1942 in Omboué, (Etimbwé), Gabon Qualifications: Ph.D in Economic Sciences from the University of Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. He holds two honorary doctorates from the Institute of Diplomacy in China and from the Institute of African Studies and Academy of Sciences in Moscow. He also holds an MPhil and a B.Sc, Economic Sciences from the University of Paris. Career: From 1972 Mr. Ping worked at UNESCO in Paris as an international civil servant in the Department of External Relations. From 1978 to 1984, he was Permanent Representative of Gabon to UNESCO. His diplomatic and political experience earned him the appointment by the Head of State, to the post of Director of the civilian staff, a post he occupied from 1984- 1990. In 1990, Mr. Ping embarked on a long government career path during which he successively occupied numerous high ranking positions. From 26 February to 29 April 1990 Mr. Ping served as Minister of Information, Posts and Telecommunications, Tourism and Leisure, Reform of the Semi- Public Sector, Responsible for relations with the parliament and spokesperson for the government. From April of 1990 to June 1991, and then from August 1992 to 24 March 1994, Mr. Ping served as Minister of Mines, Energy and Water Resources. He occupied the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Francophony from 25 March to 20 October 1994

and served as Minister of State reporting to the Minister of Finance, Economy, Budget and Privatization, positions that he occupied from 30 October 1994 to 25 January 1997. Mr. Ping pursued his government career as Minister of Planning, Environment and Tourism, duties he discharged from 27 January 1997 to 25 January 1999, when he was appointed Senior Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Francophony of the Gabonese Republic. From 2007 till his appointment as AUC Chairperson, Mr. Ping was Vice Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Francophony and Regional Integration. He has led the Gabonese delegations to many African and international forums especially those of UNESCO, OAU, AU, Non Aligned Movement, Organisation of Islamic Conference and the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Mr. Ping also led his country’ delegations to meetings of the World Bank, Summits of the Francophony, as well as to those of the Africa Caribbean Pacific- European Union (ACP-EU). He discharged of highly important duties as Head of Delegation to the Summits of the Central African Customs and Economic Union, the Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States, and to NEPAD. At the international level, Mr. Ping’s experience was demonstrated at the China-Africa Forum, at the Third Tokyo International Conference on African Development and to US-Africa conferences organised within the framework of the Africa Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA). He was the President of the 59th Session of the United Nations General Assembly. Africa in Union 2002-2012

African Union - Countries in focus

Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Republic of Chad Union of Comoros Republic of Congo Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ivoire Democratic Republic of Congo

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Country Name: Algeria Capital City: Algiers Head of State: President Abdelaziz Bouteflika Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Independence Day: 05 July 1962 International Dialling Code: 00213 Currency: Algerian Dinar (DZD) National Airline: Air Algerie (www.airalgerie.dz) Main Airport: Houari Boumediene Airport Major Ports: Oran - It is a major trade and industrial/Bijaya – Oil Terminal Annaba industrial port Skikda –Petrochemicals Time Zone: CET (UTC+01) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Arabic Other Languages: Berber and French GDP (nominal) (2011): $190.709 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $5.304 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) estimate (2011): Total $263.661 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $7.333 (2011) International Monetary Fund

People`s Democratic Republic of Algeria

Ministries Ministère des Finances www.mf.gov.dz. Ministère de la Justice www.mjustice.dz Ministère de l’Intérieur et des www.interior.gov.dz Collectivités Locales Ministère de l’Industrie et de la Promotion des Investissements Algerien www.mipi.dz Ministère de la poste et des technologies de l’information et de la communication www.mptic.dz Ministère de l’Energie et des Mines www.mem-algeria.org Ministère des Ressources en Eau www.mre.gov.dz Ministère des Travaux www.mpt.gov.dz Ministère du Commerce www.mincommerce.gov.dz Ministère des Transportswww.ministere-transports.gov.dz Ministère de l’Agriculture et du développement rural www.minagri.dz Ministère de l’Habitat et de l’Urbanisme www.mhu.gov.dz Ministère de la santé publique www.sante.dz Ministère du Travail de L’emploi et de la Sécurité Sociale www.mtess.gov.dz Ministère de la Culture www.m-culture.gov.dz Ministère du Tourisme et de l’Artisanat www.mta.gov.dz Ministère de l’Aménagemen du Territoire et de l’Environnement www.mate.gov.dz Ministère de la Pêche et des Ressources halieutiques www.mpeche.gov.dz Ministère des Affaires www.marwakf-dz.org Religieuses et des Wakfs / Ministry of Religious Affairs and Wakfs(Wakf (Arabic: ‫فقو‬‎) formally known as Wakf-alal-aulad is an inalienable religious endowment in Islamic law) Other Departments/Agencies Algérie Poste www.poste.dz Algérie Télécom www.algerietelecom.dz Agence Algérienne dePromotion du Commerce Extérieur (ALGEX) / Algerian Agency for the Promotion of Foreign Trade www.promex.dz Office National du Tourisme http://91.121.220.162/~ont/ Algérie Tourisme www.algeriantourism.com Office National de la Météorologie www.meteo.dz Office National des Statistiques (ONS) www.ons.dz Agence National des Déchets www.and.dz Centre National de Formation Environnemental www.cnfe.org.dz

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Republic of Angola

Country Name: Angola Capital City: Luanda Head of State: President José Eduardo dos Santos Head of Government: Prime Minister Paulo Kassoma Independence Day: 11 November 1975 Dialling Code: 00244 Currency: Kwanza (AOA) National Airline: TAAG Angola Airlines (www.taag.com) Main Airport: Quatro de Fevereiro Airport, Luanda Major Ports: Port of Luanda- Container Terminal Time Zone: WAT (UTC+1 Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Portuguese Other Languages: Kikongo, Chokwe, Umbundu, Kimbundu, Ganguela, Kwanyama GDP (nominal): $100 948 International Monetary Fund (2011Estimated) Per capita: $5 144 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $115 679 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $5 894 International Monetary Fund Government Website: http://www.governo.gov.ao/ Ministries/Ministérios Ministério da Administração do Território www.mat.gov.ao Ministério da Administração Pública, Emprego e Segurança Social www.mapess.gov.ao Ministério da Agricultura, do Desenvolvimento Rural e das Pescas www.minaderp.gov.ao Ministério da Assistência e Reinserção Social www.minars.gov.ao Ministério da Comunicação Social www.mcs.gov.ao Ministério da Cultura www.mincult.gov.ao Ministério da Defesa Nacional www.minden.gov.ao Ministério da Economia www.minec.gov.ao Ministério da Educação www.med.gov.ao Ministério da Energia e Águas www.minea.gov.ao Ministério da Família e Promoção da Mulher www.minfamu.gov.ao Ministério da Geologia e Minas e Indústria www.mingmi.gov.ao Ministério da Hotelaria e Turismo www.minhotur.gov.ao Ministério da Justiça www.minjus.gov.ao Ministério da Juventude e Desportos www.minjud.gov.ao Ministério da Saúde www.minsa.gov.ao Ministério das Finanças www.minfin.gov.ao Ministério das Relações www.mirex.gov.ao Exteriores Ministério das Telecomunicações e Tecnologias de Informação www.mtti.gov.ao Ministério do Ambiente www.minamb.gov.ao Ministério do Comércio www.minco.gov.ao Ministério do Ensino Superior e Ciência e Tecnologia www.mesct.gov.ao Ministério do Interior www.minint.gov.ao Ministério do Planeamento www.minplan.gov.ao Ministério do Urbanismo e Construção www.minuc.gov.ao Ministério dos Antigos Combatentes e Veteranos da Pátria www.macvp.gov.ao Ministério dos Assuntos Parlamentares www.mip.gov.ao Ministério dos Petróleos www.minpet.gov.ao Ministério dos Transportes www.mintrans.gov.ao Secretaria de Estado para os Direitos www.sedh.gov.ao

IAfrica in Union 2002-2012

Country Name: Benin Capital City: Porto-Novo Head of State: President Yayi Boni Head of Government: Prime Minister Pascal Irenée Koukpaki Independence Day: 01 August 1960 Dialling Code: 00229 Currency: CFA Franc (XOF) Main Airport: Cotonou Cadjehoun International Airport, Cotonou Major Ports: Port of Cotonou Time Zone: WAT (UTC+1 Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Other Languages: Fon, Yoruba GDP (nominal): $7.306 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $736 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011: $14.683 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.481 International Monetary Fund Official Government Website: www.gouv.bj

Republic of Benin

Argents Douanes, taxes, impots www.gouv.bj/demarches-administratives/argent Citoyenneté, Justice, Sécurité Carte d’identité, passeport casier judisciaire, nationnalité www.gouv.bj/demarches-citoyennet-justice-s-curit Culture, Communication Création d’un média, délivrance de carte de presse, abonnement internet www.gouv.bj/demarches-administratives/culture-communication Education, Formation Autorisations de création d’école, demande de diplome ou d’équivalence de diplome, Inscription à un examen www.gouv.bj/demarches-administratives/education Famille, Etapes de la vie Certificat de la vie collective, divorce, appui financier aux orphelins, enfants vulnérables www.gouv.bj/demarches-administratives/famille-etapes-de-la-vie Habitat, Logement Titre foncier, permis de construire, étude d’impacte environnementale www.gouv.bj/demarches-administratives/habitat-logement Papiers Permis de conduire, immatriculation, état civil, diverses autorisations agro-alimentaire et phytosanitaires www.gouv.bj/demarches-administratives/papiers-0 Santé, Social Autorisations pharmaceutiques, demande de livret de pension www.gouv.bj/demarches-administratives/sant-social Transport Formalités d’importation, immatriculation de navire, location d’engins www.gouv.bj/demarches-administratives/transport Travail, Emploi Demande d’imatriculation, demande de mise à disposition www.gouv.bj/demarches-administratives/travail-emploi

In African Union 2002-2012

Botswana is an upper-middle income class country at the heart of Southern Africa, bordered by Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa. The country is the world’s largest producer of quality gem diamonds by value, and over the years the government has used the revenues prudently to make significant human capital and infrastructural investments. Botswana is also blessed with other robust mineral resources such as coal, copper, nickel, gold, uranium, and soda ash. Botswana has a stable, convertible currency and is a market-led economy. The country is consistently ranked as the top three high performing economies in Africa, and is a regional leader in economic freedom.

INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES | FOCUS SECTORS Some of the investment opportunities that are offered by Botswana are: Minerals exploration and prospecting; Power generation, extraction of coal bed methane gas and renewable energy projects; Banking & Financial Services, Insurance & Reinsurance, financial administrative; Transportation and logistics; Eco-tourism, Air Charter services, hotels, lodges, camps, restaurant; BOTSWANA FAST FACTS Agriculture Sector: Dairy farming, horticulture, leather goods & processing, tannery, feed production; Area: 582,000 km² Health Care Sector: Health care services, Diagnostic facilities, Population: 2 million specialised medical services; (2011 population census) ICT Research & Development: Data base, website & computer software development; Capital: Gaborone Resource-Based Industries: Jewellery manufacturing, glass manufacturing, Adult Literacy Rate: 83%, World Bank Official Language: English Strategic Centers of Excellence have been established for the following sectors National Language: Setswana to serve as information Centers (backstopping institutions) and drive the Per capita GDP: US$ 7,730 (2011) promotion activities for the respective sectors: GDP Real Growth Rate: 5.1% (2011) Inflation: 8.5% (2011) • Diamond Hub • Education Hub • Innovation Hub Currency: Pula (BWP) = 100 Thebe • Health Hub • Transport Hub • Agriculture hub (1 BWP ≈ USD 6.28) Weights & Measures: Metric System To discover Botswana, please visit our web site at Botswana Time: +2Hrs hours ahead of GMT Investment and Trade Centre (BITC) @ www.bedia.co.bw or contact Minerals Sector: Energy Sector: Financial Services: Infrastructure: Tourism Sector:

our nearest embassy at www.mofaic.gov.bw

Country Name: Botswana Capital City: Gaborone Head of State: President Ian Khama Independence Day: 30 September 1966 Dialling Code: 00267 Currency: Pula (BWP) National Airline: Air Botswana (www.airbotswana.co.bw) Main Airport: Sir Seretse Khama International Airport Major Ports: Dry Port/Container Terminals in Gaborone: as GABCON, Francistown: as FRANCON, Palapye: as PALCON Time Zone: Central Africa Time (UTC+02) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): English and Setswana GDP: $17.63 billion (2011) GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $29.707 billion Per capita: $16.029 International Monetary Fund

Republic of Botswana

Ministries: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MoFAIC) www.mofaic.gov.bw Ministry of Local Government (MLG) Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism www.mewt.gov.bw Department of Tourism www.mewt.gov.bw/dot The Hospitality and Tourism Association of Botswana (HATAB) www.this-is-botswana.com Botswana Tourism Organisation www.botswanatourism.co.bw Department of Environmental Affairs www.mewt.gov.bw/dea Department of Waste Management and Pollution Control, (DWMPC) www.mewt.gov.bw/dwmpc/ Department of Forestry and Range Resources www.mewt.gov.bw/dfrr Department of Wildlife and National Parks www.mewt.gov.bw/dwnp Department of Meteorological Services www.mewt.gov.bw/dms/ Administration of Justice (AOJ); Justice in Botswana is primarily administered by the Administration of Justice www.gov.bw/en/ministries/administration-of-justice-aoj/ Ministry of Finance and Development Planning (MFDP) www.finance.gov.bw/ Ministry of Education and Skills Development www.moe.gov.bw/ Ministry of Youth, Sport and Culture (MYSC) www.mysc.gov.bw/ Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs (MLHA) www.gov.bw/en/ministries/ministry-of-labour—home-affairs-mlha/ Ministry of Infrastructure, Science and Technology (MIST) www.mist.gov.bw/ Botswana Technology Centre (BOTEC) www.botec.bw/ Botswana Telecommunications Authority www.bta.org.bw/ Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) www.mti.gov.bw/ Ministry of Lands and Housing (MLH) www.mlh.gov.bw/ Ministry of Health (MOH) www.moh.gov.bw Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources (MMEWR) www.mmewr.gov.bw Department of Water Affairs www.water.gov.bw/ Department of Mines www.mines.gov.bw Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) www.moa.gov.bw Other Botswana Government Agencies: Banka ya Botswana www.bankofbotswana.bw Botswana Stock Exchange www.bse.co.bw Central Statistics Office CSO www.cso.gov.bw

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Burkina Faso

Country Name: Burkina Faso Capital City: Ouagadougou Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré Head of Government: Prime Minister Luc Adolphe Tiao Independence Day: 05 August 1960 Dialling Code: 00226 Currency: West African CFA Franc (XOF) National Airline: Air Burkina (www.air-burkina.com) Main Airport: Ouagadougou Airport Major Ports: Dry Ports: Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso) Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) Time Zone: Central Africa Time (UTC+0) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Other Languages: Mòoré, Mandinka (Bambara) GDP (nominal): $9.981 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $664 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $22. 042 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.466 International Monetary Fund Governement Website: www.gouvernement.gov.bf/ Ministries Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Cooperation www.mae.gov.bf/ Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Fisheries Resources www.agriculture.gov.bf/ Minisètre of Economy and Finance www.finances.gov.bf/SiteFinances/index.jsp/ Department of Justice, Keeper of the Seals www.finances.gov.bf/SiteFinances/index.jsp/ Ministry of Defence www.defense.gov.bf/ Ministry of Health www.sante.gov.bf/ Department of Transportation www.mith.gov.bf/ Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralisation www.matd.gov.bf/ Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Communication, Government Spokesperson www.culture.gov.bf/ Ministry of Environment and Quality of Life www.environnement.gov.bf/ Department of Secondary and Higher Education and Scientific Research www.messrs.gov.bf/SiteMessrs/index.jsp/ Ministry of Basic Education and Literacy www.meba.gov.bf/SiteMeba/index.jsp/ Ministry of Commerce, Enterprise Promotion and Handicrafts www.commerce.gov.bf/SiteCommerce/index.jsp/ Ministry of Civil Service and State Reform www.fonction-publique.gov.bf/ Ministry of Labour and Social Security www.mtss.gov.bf/SiteMtss/index.jsp/ Ministry of Social Action and National Solidarity www.action-sociale.gov.bf/SiteActionSociale/index.jsp/ Ministry of Animal Resources www.mra.gov.bf/SiteMra/index.jsp Ministry for the Promotion of Human Rights www.mpdh.gov.bf/SiteMpdh/index.jsp/ Ministry of Post and Information Technology and Communication www.mptic.gov.bf/ Ministry of Women’s Empowerment www.mpf.gov.bf/ Ministry of Housing and Urban Development www.mhu.gov.bf/SiteMhu/index.jsp/ Department of Sport and Recreation www.sports.gov.bf/ Ministry in Charge of Relations with Parliament www.mrp.gov.bf/ General Secretariat of the Government and the Council of Ministers www.sggcm.gov.bf/

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Burundi

Country Name: Burundi Capital City: Bujumbura Head of State: President Pierre Nkurunziza Independence Day: 01 July 1962 Dialling Code: 00257 Currency: Burundi Franc (FBu) (BIF) National Airline: Air Burundi Main Airport: Bujumbura International Airport. Major Ports: Port of Luanda- Container Terminal Time Zone: CAT (UTC+2) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Kirundi and French Other Languages: Swahili GDP (nominal): $2.356 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $279 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) (2011 estimate): $5.184 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $614 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.burundi-gov.bi Africa in Union 2002-2012

Cameroon

Country Name: Cameroon Capital City: Yaounde Head of State: President Paul Biya Head of Government: Prime Minister Philémon Yang Independence Day: 01 January 1960 Dialling Code: 00237 Currency: CFA franc (XAF) National Airline: Camair-Co (camair-co.cm) Main Airport: Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport and Douala International Airport Major Ports: Port of Douala handles approximately six million metric tons of cargo per year and over 95% of the country’s total imports and exports Time Zone: WAT (UTC+1) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French and English GDP (nominal): $25.759 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.230 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP): $47.251 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $2.257International Monetary Fund Government Website: Presidency of the Republic of Cameroon www.prc.cm Ministries Services du Premier ministre www.spm.gov.cm Administration Territoriale et Décentralisation www.minatd.net Commerce www.mincommerce.cm/website/ Communication www.mincom.gov.cm Développement Urbain et Habitat www.minduh.gov.cm Domaines et Affaires Foncières www.mindaf.gov.cm Emploi et Formation Professionnelle www.minefop.gov.cm Enseignement Supérieur www.minesup.gov.cm Environnement et Protection de la Nature www.minep.gov.cm Fonction Publique et Réforme Administrative www.minfopra.gov.cm Jeunesse www.minjeun.gov.cm Postes et Télécommunications www.minpostel.gov.cm Promotion de la Femme et de la Famille www.minprof.gov.cm Recherche Scientifique et de l’Innovation www.minresi.gov.cm Organisations Internationales Agence Française de Développement (AFD) www.afd.fr/jahia/home Banque Mondiale www.banquemondiale.org Écosystèmes Forestiers d’Afrique Centrale (ECOFAC) www.ecofac.org Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’Agriculture (FAO) www.fao.org/index_fr.htm Fonds Monétaire International (FMI) www.imf.org/external/french/index.htm GTZ www.gtz.de/en/ Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les Réfugiés (HCR) www.unhcr.fr/cgi-bin/text/vtx/home Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) www.oapi.wipo.net/fr/oapi/index.htm Organisation des Nations Unies pour le Développement de l’Industrie www.onudi.org.ar/ Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (PNUD) www.undp.org/french/ Banque des États de l’Afrique Centrale (BEAC) www.beac.int/ Banque Africaine de Développement (BAD) www.afdp.org/portal/page_pageid=473 Communauté Économique des États de l’Afrique Centrale Union Africaine

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Republic of Cape Verde

Country Name: Cape Verde Capital City: Praia Head of State: President Jorge Carlos Fonseca Head of Government: Prime Minister JosĂŠ Maria Neves Independence Day: 05 July 1975 Dialling Code: 00238 Currency: Cape Verdean Escudo (CVE) National Airline: TACV Cabo Verde Airlines (flytacv.com) Main Airport: AmĂlcar Cabral International Airport and Praia International Airport Major Ports: Porto Grande (www.enapor.cv) Time Zone: CVT (UTC-1) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Portuguese Other Languages: Cape Verdean Creole GDP (nominal): $1.941 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $3.682 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP): $2.167 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $4.112.256 International Monetary Fund Government website: www.governo.cv

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Central African Republic

Country Name: Central African Republic Capital City: Bangui Head of State: President François Bozizé Head of Government: Prime Minister Faustin-Archange Touadéra Dialling Code: 00236 Currency: Central African CFA Franc (XAF) Main Airport: Bangui M’Poko International Airport Major Ports: Dry port of Bangui, Central African Republic Time Zone: WAT (UTC+1) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French and Sango GDP: $2.165 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $456 International Monetary Fund GDP: $3.641 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $767 International Monetary Fund Government Website: MINURCA — United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic http://minurcat. unmissions.org

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Republic of Chad Country Name: Chad Capital City: N’Djamena Head of State: President Idriss Déby Head of Government: Prime Minister Youssouf Saleh Abbas Independence Day: 11 August 1960 Dialling Code: 00235 Currency: CFA Franc (XAF) National Airline: Toumaï Air Tchad (www.toumaiair.com) Main Airport: N’Djamena International Airport Major Ports: N’Djamena and N’Gueli Dry Ports Time Zone: WAT (UTC+1) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French and Arabic Other Languages: Sara GDP (nominal) (2011): $$9.486 billion data Worldbank.org Per capita: $456 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP): $19.543 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $891International Monetary Fund Government Website: Official Website of the Presidency of Chad, Republic of Chad www.presidence-tchad.org

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Comoros

Country Name: Comoros Capital City: Moroni Head of State: President Ahmed Abdallah Sambi Independence Day: 06 July 1975 Dialling Code: 00269 Currency: Comorian Franc (KMF) Main Airport: Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport Major Ports: Moroni, Grande Comore + Mutsamudu, Anjouan Time Zone: EAT (UTC+3) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Comorian, Arabic, French GDP (nominal) (2012): $595 million “Comoros”. International Monetary Fund 2012 Per capita: $858 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $869 million International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.252 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.beit-salam.km

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Republic of the Congo

Country Name: Congo Capital City: Brazzaville Head of State: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso Head of Government: Prime Minister Isidore Mvouba Independence Day: 15 August 1960 Dialling code: 00242 Currency: Central African CFA Franc National Airline: Main Airport: Maya-Maya Airport Major Ports: Pointe Noire Time Zone: WATÂ (UTC+1) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Other Languages: Kongo, Lingala GDP (nominal) (2011): $14.75 billion data.Worldbank.org. Per capita: $3.713 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) (2011): $18.250 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $4.589 International Monetary Fund

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Republic of Cote d’Ivoire

Country Name: Côte d’Ivoire Capital City: Yamoussoukro Head of State: President Alassane Dramane Ouattara Head of Government: Prime Minister Jeannot Ahoussou-Kouadio Independence Day: 07 August 1960 Dialling Code: 00225 Currency: CFA franc (XOF) National Airline: Main Airport: Port Bouet Airport (Felix Houphouet Boigny Int’l) www.aeria.cl Major Ports: Port of Abidjan - Port Automome D’Abidjan www.paa-ci.org Time Zone: GMT (UTC+0) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Other Languages: Dioula, Baoulé, Dan, Anyin and Cebaara Senufo GDP (nominal) (2011): $24.096 billion data.Worldbank.org. Per capita: $ 1.062 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) (2011): $ 36.068 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $ 1.589 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.gouv.ci Les institutions de l’etat La presidence de la republique Le Président de la République, Chef de l’Etat, Chef des Armées et Chef de l’exécutif est élu pour 5 ans au suffrage universel direct. Il est rééligible www.gouv.ci/presidence_1.php La primature Le Premier Ministre dirige et coordonne l’action du Gouvernement et assure les attributions du Ministre du Plan et du Développement Industriel. Il traduit et met en œuvre les propositions du programme présidentiel. www.gouv.ci/primature_1.php L’assemblee nationale Le parlement est constitué d’une chambre unique dite Assemblée Nationale dont les membres, qui portent le titre de députés, sont élus pour cinq ans au suffrage universel direct. La présente législature (1995-2000) est la neuvième. www.gouv.ci/assnat_1.php Le conseil constitutionnel Le Conseil Constitutionnel contrôle la régularité de la présentation des andidatures, l’éligibilité des candidats, le déroulement du scrutin etle dépouillement des votes en ce qui concerne l’élection du Président de la République. www.gouv.ci/conconst_1.php Le conseil economique et social Le Conseil Économique et Social tient lieu d’Assemblée Consultative auprès des pouvoirs publics. Le Conseil Économique et Social est saisi par le Président de la République des demandes d’avis et d’études. www.gouv.ci/coecosocial_1.php La cour supreme La justice est rendue dans les juridictions par un personnel varié: les juridictions, les juridictions du premier degré, les juridiction du second degree www.gouv.ci/coursupreme_1.php La grande chancellerie de l’ordre national L’Ordre national de la République de Côte d’Ivoire, distinction honorifique la plus élevée de l’Etat, est destiné à récompenser le mérite personnel et les services rendus à la Nation. www.gouv.ci/gdchan_1.php Le mediateur de la republique www.gouv.ci/lemediateur_1.php L’inspection generale de l’etat Dirige, anime et coordonne les activités de l’IGE ; Organise les services, prépare et exécute toutes les mesures nécessaires au fonctionnement de l’IGE www.gouv.ci/inspectiongl_1.php

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Country Name: Democratic Republic of Congo Capital City: Kinshasa Head of State: President Joseph Kabila Head of Government: Prime Minister Augustin Katumba Mwanke Independence Day: 30 June 1960 Dialling Code: 00243 Currency: Congolese Franc (CDF) National Airline: Main Airport: Nâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;djili International Airport serving Kinshasa Major Port: Matadi Time Zone: GMTÂ (UTC+0) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Other Languages: Lingala, Kikongo, Swahili, Tshiluba GDP (nominal) (2011): $15.64 billion data.Worldbank.org. Per capita: $216 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) (2011): $25.262 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $348 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.presidentrdc.cd Other sites Infrastructure www.presidentrdc.cd/coll-infrastructures.html Politics and Diplomacy www.presidentrdc.cd/coll-politique.html Mines and Energy www.presidentrdc.cd/coll-mines.html Agriculture www.presidentrdc.cd/coll-agriculture.html Affairs Parliamentary www.presidentrdc.cd/coll-parlement.html Land Affairs www.presidentrdc.cd/coll-foncieres Economic www.presidentrdc.cd/coll-economie.html Legal www.presidentrdc.cd/coll-juridique.html

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Let’s do it again! Eliminate all child deaths Few humanitarian agencies know Africa better than World Vision, a Christian humanitarian organisation dedicated to working with children and their communities to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. For the past 54 years, World Vision has been partnering with African communities, governments and people like you to help children and families break free from poverty. World Vision started in 1958, in the former Belgium Congo (now Democratic Republic of Congo) by giving US$1,500 to a home for abused children. Now, we work in 25 nations across the continent. We have been here during the birth of many new African states; the times of war and coup d’états; the times bumper harvests, famines and droughts. We will continue to walk alongside African communities as they rise up to see new economic opportunities as well as battle against disease and injustice. Our donors sponsor close to two million children across the continent to ensure they attain basic education, access essential health care and grow up in safe environments. We are at the forefront in the fight against HIV and AIDs, Tuberculosis and Malaria. We provide clean water; food and shelter to those affected by the vagaries of war and elements of weather. We seek a holistic approach to food insecurity – not just giving food aid but investing in long-term solutions for sustainable food production and economic development projects. Above all, we are a voice to the poor – advocating for the rights of children to live in safer communities. You can find us in slums amid the squalor and despair. You can find us in villages where basics of life are lacking. You can find us in war zones. You can find us in halls of power or wherever decisions are made that affect the world’s poorest people. Our Christian faith teaches us that every new-born child is a precious gift from God. We believe that all children deserve to live happy, healthy lives. Unfortunately, millions don’t. That’s why World Vision is inviting you to join us in the Child Health Now campaign. Join World Vision in ending the sadness of having 7 million children under the age of five die every year worldwide from preventable diseases like malaria, diarrhoea or malnutrition. Twenty years ago, over 12 million children under five died worldwide from preventable causes. Now that number has fallen to 7 million. Let’s do it again! Let’s eliminate all deaths! World Vision is asking you to join this global movement and call on world leaders to make sure children everywhere survive to their fifth birthday.

Visit www.childhealthnow.org to take action! Let us not rest while children suffer. For more information visit www.wvafrica.org

Development

capacity to develop

Africa has encountered several crises and continues to rally against these challenges. In every way, all such hurdles have affected people and their ability to grow and make a meaningful contribution to their own lives. Strategic partnerships, such as the one between the AU and the ACBF ensure that the focus remains on human capacity development so that meaningful upliftment can be realised individually and continentally. By kerry dimmer

No matter how exciting economic growth and Africa’s rise as the most desirable continent in the world is, there will always be one factor that keeps its unique essence true — its people. Despite Africa’s rising sun, many of its inhabitants remain constricted by poverty, famine, and under-development. This statement is clearly demonstrated in the 2011 International Monetary Fund’s GDP per capital report which reflects countries with the lowest purchasing power parity (PPP) and of the top 20 poorest countries, 18 are African nations. Africa in Union 2002-2012

Development

It is incomprehensible that Africa will step into its rosy future without addressing some of the basic needs of its people. The African Union has long advocated that human development and capacity building is crucial to building a secure and independent Africa and although enormous steps have been taken, it still remains a priority because in some instances, 85% of certain populations live below the $1 a day mark. The solution is not as simple as, for example, just distributing food. Sustainable and progressive development has to be based on a sound foundation of co-operation and dedication, which is why the African Union has forged and nurtures relationships with organisations like the African

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF). The 21-year-old ACBF is a crucial partner given that its creation was based on essential features that remain relevant today, particularly to provide strategic and long-term sense of direction to capacity-building efforts and helping to coordinate and integrate the actions of donors and African governments. It also provides sustained support and focusagreed priorities while helping to achieve savings with higher quality results and greater impact. The ACBF believes that strategic partnerships, such as the AU, provide leverage and can amplify efforts in dealing with constantly emerging challenges in capacity development. Working with 45 African nations, the

ACBF has introduced High Level Forums (HLFs) designed to make use of dialogue spaces to bring together tried and tested methods, as well as expertise, to impart knowledge or create debates that allow for â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;newâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; thinking. The partnership between the AU and the ACBF has resulted in the creation of two key projects: the Policy Analysis Support Unit (PASU); and the African Union Capacity Building and Institutional Support Program (AU-CAP). Over the years, both projects have received support grants; in the case of PASU, some US$6-million and the AU-CAP US$5-million. Additionally, the ACBF has provided the AU with US$11 47 000.00 of technical assistance since 1994, which

Development

confirms the belief the ACBF has in, for example, the AU’s building of strategic partnerships like those with NEPAD and the PAP, RECs and other sub-regional institutions. The AU-CAP programme has been particularly successful in supporting institutional transformation processes and the implementation of the AU’s Strategic Plan of Action, which enables the AU to effectively promote peace, security and governance, enhance regional integration, and the enabling of the strengthening of a shared vision among Africans. The main objectives for AU-CAP are three-fold: 1. To strengthen the human and institutional capacity of the AU Secretariat; 2. To strengthen the policy interface framework to facilitate the AU’s effective engagement with RECs and other organs while enabling the AU to establish effective consultative processes and mechanisms for partnership building, networking, coordination and capacity buildingrelated conversations/dialogues; and 3. To support the implementation of the Au’s strategic plan of action through selected thematic progams. Dr Frannie Léautier, Executive Secretary of ACBF, says that much has been accomplished between the AU and her organisation. She points out that there is proven evidence that there is a much improved articulation of the importance of capacity development in the continental dialogue space and that there is an increase in the advocacy and political will for investment in this sector. She further states that ‘There is a saying that “an organisation is as good as its people.”’ This also applies to the African continent. Capacity development, both human and institutional is one of the vital building blocks for the continent’s development and growth. ‘The ACBF has learnt that each capacity development intervention is unique in its own way — the continent is not a one-size-fits-all scenario, and there is no-one to blue print for capacity

development. No matter how different each intervention, be it national or regional, they all contribute towards the greater goal of capacitating Africa to take charge of its development challenges and resources.’ One such intervention is the AU’s Department of Human Resources, Science and Technology, which has prioritised three specific sectors where high concentration of development must occur: education; youth empowerment

improve envolment and performance. The launch of the African Youth Charter in 2006 and the formation of the Youth Federation have ensured that the youth are priority. Revitalisation of the Pan African Youth Union is viewed as key to ensuring improved communication between the youth and the AU, while intense strategies have also been implemented to address the needs of the large percentage of unemployed youth in member states, particularly when it comes

The ACBF believes that strategic partnerships, such as the AU, provide leverage and can amplify efforts in dealing with constantly emerging challenges in capacity development.

capacity building; and science and technology combined with ICT. On the education front, the AU has a mandate to work with African Ministries and other stakeholders involved in education, to facilitate articulation of common education priorities, to harmonise policies, support quality assurance and improve the mobility of staff and students across Africa. The Centre for the Education of Girls and Women (CIEFFA), a specialised institution of the AU in Burkina Faso, has been appointed to address the girls’ and women’s education. The CIEFFA undertakes workshops with key stakeholders in countries where female education is lacking with the intent to

to technical and vocational training. There are several interventions that will capacitate Africa and economic growth demands that will ensure that people are at the centre of such development. The progression of Africa calls for sustainable, proven frameworks and mechanisms that require the buy-in of respected organisations and ministries determined to strategically place African people into positions where they can realise individual growth in unity. Solidarity has never seemed more important on the crest of the coming economic wave, and the AU emphasises that no matter where growth and expansion may occur on the continent, the empowerment of African people remains an essential priority. Africa in Union 2002-2012

ACI

! w e N

AFRICA CAPACITY INDICATORS 2012 CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND FOOD SECURITY

two-year time-series data on the status of capacity development on the Continent. Furthermore, a bold and ingenious index – the Africa Capacity Index for Agriculture – which measures how countries are doing in terms of capacity for agricultural transformation and food security. Overall, as judged at the ACI composite index level, whereas in 2011 there wasn't a single country that classified in the “High” category of capacity, in 2012 one country (Ghana) improved by barely sliding into that Level. Also, there are notable improvements in “Development results at country level”, where the percentage of countries in the lowest levels (Low and very Low) decreased from 61.7% to 19%. Early praise for the Report includes feedback from Dr. Mohamed 'Mo' Ibrahim, Shenggen Fan, Prof. Sheryl Hendricks and Sanjay Pradhan: “The 2012 ACIR … is very spot-on. I consider this 2012 ACIR a must read for all who seek to see Africa realize its potential. It is a ‘must have’ for all policy makers and agriculture pundits.” Mo Ibrahim, Founder, Mo Ibrahim Foundation “This report releases some great insights into the issue of capacity for agriculture and food security, including creating a case for developing concrete strategies and plans and allocating sufficient resources to support these strategic plans.” Shenggen Fan, Director General, IFPRI, Washington, DC., USA

AFRICA CAPACITY INDICATORS 2012 The Africa Capacity Indicators 2012 – Capacity Development for Agricultural Transformation and Food Security – is the second edition of the African Capacity Building Foundation's (ACBF) Flagship publication. Generally referred to as ACIR2012, the Report argues that enhancing the productivity and the economic returns of Africa's agricultural sector has immediate effects on poverty and hunger in at least three important ways: a) increasing the productivity and incomes of the majority of Africa's poor, who work primarily in agriculture; b) reducing food prices, which affect real incomes and poverty in urban areas; and, c) generating vital spillovers to the rest of the economy. ACIR2012 triangulates forty-two country field-surveys with thematically driven commissioned studies whilst interrogating the broader extant literature to collaborate or contradict its findings. In so doing, the Report interrogates Africa's post-colonial agricultural landscape and prescribes policy-relevant solutions and recommendations informed by country-specific ground truths. The Report's key index – the Africa Capacity Index – ranks the 42 countries surveyed on the strength of capacity development, in the process providing a unique

“The volume provides an amazing overview of the current food security context in Africa and highlights an important gap in our understanding of capacity needs for ensuring food security in the future. … The commentary provides deep insight into many aspects of global, regional and national food security with illustrative examples where these add value.” Sheryl Hendriks, Professor in Food Security, University of Pretoria, South Africa “[ACIR’s] results oriented approach to capacity development gives it rigor, [and] lends greater credence to the issue…[The Report’s] sectoral focus is excellent...” Sanjay Pradhan, World Bank Vice President, WBI The Report will be useful for policy makers, researchers, academics and journalists looking for original data on capacity to transform agriculture in Africa. The Report is available for sale at the ACBF Library in Harare, Zimbabwe; and the World Bank’s Info Shop, Washington DC for US$35.00 a copy.

The African Capacity Building Foundation 7th Floor, ZB Life Towers, Cnr. Jason Moyo Avenue/Sam Nujoma Street P.O. Box 1562, Harare, ZIMBABWE Tel: (+263 4) 702931/2, 790398/9, 700210/11 Email: root@acbf-pact.org Web site: www.acbf-pact.org

Building Sustainable

CAPACITY for POVERTY

REDUCTION in Africa

Renforcer durablement le capacités pour réduire la pauvreté en Afrique

Website: www.acbf-pact.org Email: root@acbf-pact.org

The African Capacity Building Foundation 2012 – 2016: Stepping Boldly Through the Third Strategic Medium Term Plan 2012 – 2016 sees the African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF) implementing its Third Strategic Medium Term Plan (SMTP III). The Plan has been informed by the ACBF’s experiences over the last twenty years, the impact the Foundation has achieved in the area of capacity development and the demands from partners and stakeholders on the continent. SMTP III aims to assist countries in developing capacity to formulate, analyse and manage the implementation of policies and programs, not only at the macro-economic level, but also at the sectoral, sub-national and regional levels. The strategy also seeks to develop and create space for policy dialogue and to support access to the reliable information and analytical capacity needed by non-state actors and parliaments to exert influence on policymaking and provide oversight. This strategic plan is an opportunity for ACBF to adjust its approach to emerging country specific and regional contexts, become more flexible in its response to capacity needs and improve its effectiveness while further developing its capabilities to tackle new areas. The overall goal is for ACBF to support activities that lead to the achievement of effective governance for real poverty reduction, by working to improve the capacity of the country and regional organisations that are primarily responsible for development and poverty reduction. The Strategy has three key strategic pillars: Enhancing critical capacities to promote political and social stability for transformational change; Enhancing capacity to engage and regulate the productive sector; and Enhancing capacity to track policy impact. The role of regional and continental partners ACBF recognises that Africa is faced with a number of current and emerging challenges that require different approaches to capacity development. The continent is endowed with many natural resources, leading to progressive competitiveness. Therefore, Africa needs to develop the required skills and knowledge to manage these resources. SMTP III recognises that the overall responsiveness of African institutions in the management of these risks and uncertainties will need to improve considerably, as would national capabilities to develop resilient strategies and policies to address both the challenges and opportunities, going forward. Through the harnessing of regional and continental partners, ACBF recognizes the potential of regional integration and that through coordinated approach to capacity development, a meaningful collaboration can be realised. For ACBF, targeted regional institutions include, but are not limited to the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), the Central African Economic and Monetary Union (CEMAC), the East African Community (EAC), the Economic Community of Central Africa States (ECCAS) and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). Naturally, ACBF’s continental partner is the African Union Commission (AUC) and two of its specialized institutions, the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) and the Pan African Parliament (PAP). Through strategic partnerships with regional economic communities (RECs), sub-regional institutions and the AUC, the Foundation technically supports capacity development interventions that address the institutional and human capacity needs of the continent as a whole by contributing to enhanced regional integration and competitiveness. It is through the lessons learnt over twenty one years that ACBF has identified strategic partnerships as playing integral central role in creating and achieving better development outcomes. ACBF’s Third Medium Term Strategy will therefore deal with various issues, ranging from enhancing capacity to negotiate effective agreements on the extraction and export of resources to promoting investment in capacity for entry and intermediate industrial processing and manufacturing, leading to value-addition and job creation. Furthermore results will be achieved by providing education and employment opportunities for Africa’s bubbling youth population; developing regional markets and enhancing regional integration through investment in critical infrastructure. Over time, the aim is to improve the ability of states to guarantee social and political stability, based on good governance, transparency and an effective public sector that ensures inclusive growth. SMTP III will also focus on developing the skills needed to transform agriculture and build manufacturing capacity for agro-processing and creating opportunities for continual dialogue between various sectors such as the private sector and civil society, in order to better meet the continent’s development objectives. For further information: www.acbf-pact.org

AU Departments

social affairs Africa is only able to build an intergrated, prosperous and peaceful continent by effective use of human and material resources. By our correspondent

Our ambition as the AU Social Affairs department is to promote a holistic and human-centred approach to socio-economic development, and intra-and inter-sectoral coordination of the social sector with a view to alleviating poverty and improving the quality of life of the African people, in particular the most vulnerable and marginalised. This is why our programmes are mainstreamed to deal with children and women, as these are the groups we have identified as being amongst the most vulnerable on the continent. Upon realising this, such programmes as The Campaign on Accelerated Reduction of Maternal Mortality (CARMMA), a major initiative driven by the Department of Social Affairs (DSA), was launched in May 2009 on the theme: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Africa Cares: No Woman should Die while Giving Lifeâ&#x20AC;?. In most parts of Africa,

Africa in Union 2002-2012

AU Departments

ADV. BIENCE P. GAWANAS from Namibia, is the Commissioner of Social Affairs at the African Union Commission. (2004 - 2012)

one out of 22 women falls victim to maternal mortality, compared to one out of 8 000 in industrialised countries CARMMA is derived from key priority areas enshrined in the 2005 AU Policy Framework for the Promotion of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Africa and the Maputo Plan of Action (2006). Maternal and Child Health was the theme for the 2010 July AU Assembly which was held in Kampala, Uganda. CARMMA focuses on three key areas: positive messaging; encouraging achievements and strides made in some countries in reducing maternal mortality and seeking to replicate them; and intensifying actions aimed at reducing maternal and infant mortality. The campaign aims to cut maternal mortality in countries with high rates. Children in Africa are faced with various challenges that range from being orphaned at young ages as a result of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, lack

Africa in Union 2002-2012

of basic education and lack of access to health facilities. The DSA has made efforts in highlighting these issues through publishing The State of Africa’s Children Report 2010, which is a useful tool for advocacy and information on statistics of children in Africa. The report primarily covers the priority areas of the Call for Accelerated Action Towards Africa Fit for Children, namely: The African Child Rights Framework; Enhancing the Life Chances of African Children; Overcoming HIV/AIDS for African Children; Realising the Right to Education of African Children; Realising the Right to Protection of African Children; Realising Children’s Rights to Participation and Strengthening the Institutional Framework and Policy Response. Africans are burdened by the lack of basic infrastructure and access to health services, low levels of education and illiteracy and gender inequalities. The continent’s population is growing fast, and is expected to spiral from an

estimated 924 million in 2006 to 1.3 billion by 2025 and 2 billion in 2050 at current annual growth rate (2.7%). With such statistics, it is vital to address certain issues as highlighted so that an Africa with a prosperous population prevails. The DSA also has programmes that are running to curb human and drug trafficking, as these are also the problems that the continent has to control. The vision and mission of the African Union Commission (AUC) is to build an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, using the best of the continent’s human and material resources. To this end, the AUC programme on social development under the stewardship of the Department of Social Affairs, is based on a human-centred approach that seeks to promote human rights and dignity. However, this aspiration is likely to be hampered unless the dire social developmental crisis facing the continent—reflected in, among others,

AU Departments

a high burden of disease, lack of basic infrastructure and social services, inadequate health care and services; poor access to basic education and training; high illiteracy rates; gender inequality; youth marginalisation; and political instability in a number of countriesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;is sufficiently addressed. It is in this context that the Ministers present at the First Session of the African Union Labour and Social Affairs Commission, held in Mauritius in 2003, made a recommendation and requested the AUC in collaboration and consultation with other stakeholders, to develop a Social Policy Framework for Africa (SPF). The primary reason behind this recommendation was to complement and supplement on-going national and regional programme and policy initiatives such as the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRSP) and NEPAD, and to close the gap where it was deemed that these did not adequately address social issues. Drawing upon the strategic objectives of the AUC social programme, and within the context of its objectives of promoting sustainable development, the SPF aims to provide an overarching policy structure to assist African Union Member States to strengthen and give increasing priority to their national social policies and hence promote human empowerment and development. The framework treats social development as subordinate to economic growth, but justifies social development as a goal in its own right. It acknowledges that while economic growth is a necessary condition of social development, it is not exclusively or sufficiently able to address the challenges posed by the multi-faceted

socio-economic and political forces that together generate the continentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s social development challenges. The SPF focuses, in no particular priority, on 18 key thematic social issues: population and development; labour and employment; Social Protection, health; HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria and other infectious diseases; migration; education; agriculture, food and nutrition; the family; children, adolescents and youth; ageing; disability; gender equality and womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s empowerment; culture; urban

development, environmental sustainability, the impact of globalisation and trade liberalisation in Africa and good Governance, Anti-Corruption and Rule of Law. In addition the following four issues were identified as also deserving particular attention in Africa: drug and substance abuse and crime prevention; sport; civil strife and conflict situations; and foreign debt. The discussion of each issue is immediately followed by a broad range of recommendations to guide, and assist. Africa in Union 2002-2012

Missions de l’OPDAS Cultiver un esprit de solidarité et l’échange d’expériences entre les Premières Dames d’Afrique. Accroître la capacité des Premières Dames et d’autres femmes à responsabilité de hauts niveaux à plaidé pour des solutions efficaces pour répondre à l›épidémie, ainsi que pour lutter contre la stigmatisation et la discrimination dans la lutte contre le VIH/SIDA.Développer des partenariats avec les donateurs internationaux, des organisations régionaux et des partenaires locaux pour mobiliser des ressources, pour la sensibilisation, le développement et le soutien des programmes de préventions et de traitements du VIH / sida.

Objectifs de l’OPDAS

2002 Organisation des Premières Dames d’Afrique contre le VIH/SIDA

- Réduire la stigmatisation et la

discrimination des personnes infectées et affectées par le VIH / Sida et d’accroître leur participation dans la lutte contre cette pandémie. - Mobiliser les parties prenantes, les ressources financières et opérationnelles aux niveaux local, national, régional et international afin de faciliter une sensibilisation élargie à la pandémie du VIH / SIDA. - Plaider en faveur de l’expansion des stratégies efficaces pour la prévention et le traitement efficace du VIH / Sida.

Une génération future sans SIDA nécessite des hommes et des femmes responsables aujourdh’hui

2012

Tel: +251 118962998/+251 115508069, www.oafla.org, info@oafla.org, B.P 14767 Addis Abeba, Ethiopie

OAFLAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s MISSION Cultivate a spirit of solidarity and the exchange of experiences among African First Ladies. Increase the capacity of First Ladies and other women leaders to advocate for effective solutions to response to the epidemic, as well as against stigma and discrimination in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

2002

Develop critical partnerships with international donors and organizations regional and local partners to mobilize resources, raise awareness and develop and support HIV/ AIDS prevent treatment and care program.

OAFLAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s OBJECTIVES - R educe the stigma and discrimination of people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS and increase their participation in fighting this pandemic. - M obilize stakeholders and financial and operational resources at the local , national, regional and international levels to facilitate an expanded response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. - Advocate for the expansion of effective strategies for the prevention of HIV/AIDS and for effective HIV/AIDS treatment.

Organization of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS

An HIV/AIDS free generation tomorrow needs caring men and women today

2012

Tel: +251 118962998/+251 115508069, www.oafla.org, info@oafla.org, P.O. Box 14767 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Women and gender

In African Union 2002-2012

Women and gender

Giving

women a chance

Most of the major challenges currently facing Africa are experienced differently by men and women; but, in most cases women are more affected than men. By Our correspondent

Addressing gender equality through the inclusion of women in various

projects has become the main objective of the African Union (AU) through the Women, Gender and Development Directorate led by Mrs Litha Musyimi-Ogana. Women of Africa have not been included as full, equal and effective stakeholders in processes that determine their lives. Women continue to have less access to education opportunities than men. Low representation of women both in local and national governments is a norm in Africa, but progress has been made in a handful of African countries where close to 30% of women are in the legislature. Most African women are denied property and inheritance rights in their countries despite the fact that these rights are enshrined in a number of international and regional mechanisms. In addition, there are numerous hurdles that impede gender equality in education in Africa. Although women bear the brunt of conflicts, they are generally not included in peace negotiations or other initiatives in this regard. After realising that Africa shows that the survival of many countries depends heavily on activities associated with women, the AU has been working to structurally and culturally dismantle means that create, reinforce, and perpetuate relationships of male dominance and female subordination. The general objective of the gender programme of the AU is to redress inherent inequities to ensure that women and men have equal access to factors needed for their equal and unhindered participation in development and other processes that shape and define their lives. The AU gender programme involves both stand-alone womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s empowerment programmes, as well as programmes to incorporate gender into all the activities of the Commission.

In African Union 2002-2012

Women and gender

The general objective of the gender programme of the AU is to redress inherent inequities to ensure that women and men have equal access to factors needed for their equal and unhindered participation in development and other processes that shape and define their lives

so as to enable both men and women to benefit equally.

Core functions

To effectively tackle the challenges, the Gender Directorate has a two-fold approach to its work. The first approach is a women-targeted approach which recognises that women are starting from

a more disadvantaged position than men and seeks to remove the hindrances that women encounter. The first approach involves activities that include specialist women’s

The core functions of the Gender Directorate are: • gender mainstreaming • coordination • advocacy • policy • performance tracking, monitoring and evaluation • gender training and capacity building • research • communication, networking and liaison. The Gender Directorate has been consolidating the past activities that have been successfully pursued by the OAU. These include the AU Policy Framework and Plan of Action on Ageing; the Draft

LEFT: Women selling fruit and vegetables at a street market in Abuja

empowerment programmes such as women and education; women and health; women and poverty eradication; women in agriculture; women, trade and the economy; women in the peace process; women in politics and decisionmaking; the gender dimensions of ageing, and women within the NEPAD process, among others. The second approach involves activities directed at ensuring that the Commission takes gender into consideration in all its work, so that the needs of both women and men are taken into consideration across the whole spectrum of AU activities,

Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa; the Addis Ababa Declaration on the Eradication of Harmful Traditional Practices; the African Women Committee on Peace and Development; the Plan of Action on Enhancing the Participation of Refugee, Returnee and Internally Displaced Women and Children in Post-Conflict Reintegration, Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and Peace Building; and the Kampala Declaration and Plan of Action on the Empowerment of Women Through Functional Literacy and Education of the Girl-Child.

MIDDLE: Well women Media project raising awareness on reproductive health RIGHT: Women’s group fighting against female genital mutilation in Hamushduda, Anseba

In African Union 2002-2012

UN Women Support the AU on its 10th anniversary The UN Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) congratulates the AU on its 10th anniversary. The partnership between the two organisations promotes the rights of women and girls to live a life free of discrimination, violence and poverty. AU Leadership

The Constitutive Act of the AU mandates the Union to promote and protect human rights including the rights of women. The AU has adopted the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa. The Protocol, ratified by 35 AU member states (as of 12 November 2012), specifies state obligations in respect of women’s rights to dignity, life and personal security and integrity; access to justice and equal protection of the law; adequate housing; and freedom from violence and harmful practices. The protocol also provides for rights in marriage, divorce and widowhood. The AU has also adopted a gender policy whose vision is to achieve an African society founded on democracy, gender equality, human rights and dignity and recognizes the equal status of women and men, girls and boys. This normative framework is critical in guiding policy, legal and programmatic developments in member countries’ efforts to meet their national, regional and international commitments on gender equality and women’s empowerment. AU – UN Women Partnership

UN Women is well placed to support the AU in the areas of women’s leadership and participation, ending violence against women and girls, strengthening women’s participation in peace and security processes, enhancing women’s economic empowerment, and making gender central to national development planning and budgeting. At the AU 10th anniversary UN Women takes the opportunity to highlight some of the AU achievements to which we have contributed: A gender training manual has been developed by the AU Women, Gender and Development Directorate and the Department of Peace and Security with technical and financial assistance of UN Women with support from DFID. The manual is a tool for AU peacekeepers and other units in peace support operations to prevent and respond effectively to sexual and gender-based violence. UN Women supports regional women’s rights networks to bring women’s voices to the work of the AU Peace and Security Council. The Council is commended for its decision to hold an annual open session on the situation of women and children in conflict and post conflict situations, and for engaging directly with survivors of gender-based violence. UN Women and the AUC jointly publish a newsletter Walking the Talk: Gender Equality in the African Union. The Newsletter is a tool for AUC departments to share with the public their work in the promotion of gender equality. UN Women works directly with African countries, supporting efforts to deliver on gender equality commitments. UN Women operates offices in 23 African countries and programmes in a number of others. The partnership between the AU and UN Women presents opportunities not only to jointly address challenges, but to forge a more responsive and forward looking agenda for change. For further information contact: Florence.butegwa@unwomen.org

Legal affairs

The Office of the Legal Counsel of the African Union Commission has the duty to defend the organisation from cases of disputes.

Making the law work for Africa

Africa in Union 2002-2012

Legal affairs

“The African Union is unique in that it has a clear and unequivocal mandate to fight impunity” said Mr Erastus Mwencha, Deputy Chairperson of the African Union Commission during the Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General of the AU in May 2012. In a way, the declaration throws spotlight on the work of the legal affairs office at the AU in the past 10 years. Since its setting up, the African Union has been putting legal matters at the centre of its preoccupations, to defend the rights of Africans and help them resolve conflicts.

contracts before they are signed. The provision of legal advice is not limited to the Chairperson only; it extends to all organs of the union, particularly the policy organs, all directorates, services and units of the Commission of the African Union. This can mean representing the Union in all meetings of a legal nature, interpreting all treaties, agreements and other legal instruments. One such role has been evaluating the implications of the African Court of Justice and Human and People’s Rights being empowered to try

Intellectual property issues such as protection of AU paraphernalia and their use upon authorisation as well as requests for rights to reproduce parts of AU copyrighted documents is one area in which the department works The Legal Affairs wing is under the office of the AU chairperson, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma. Approved for establishment in 2003 by the Third Ordinary Session of the Executive Council held in South Africa in May 2003, the office researches and advises on the implications for the Administrative Tribunal of any proposed amendments as well as developments in the theories and practices of court administration. This includes vetting and clearing all

international crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Considering that Treaties (Conventions and Charters) and their Protocols within the AU are adopted by decision but only enter into force only after they have been ratified by a sufficient number of Member States, and legally bind those Member States that have ratified them, the Legal Affairs Department becomes an important player in ensuring that the process is smooth and well informed. The

legal officers keep the register of all the AU treaties on behalf of the Chairperson of the Commission. The officer also drafts treaties, cooperation agreements, host agreements and rules of procedure. The office handles the proceedings of the African Union Administrative Tribunals. Legal officers review applications and petitions submitted to the administrative tribunal, evidence and draft defence documents. The office responds to court cases filed against the Union and participate in proceedings before the African Court of Justice and Human and People’s Rights. The court, which is based in Arusha, has two chambers, one for human rights and another for general matters. The Office of the Legal Counsel of the African Union Commission has the duty to defend the organisation from cases of disputes. It has the responsibility to respond to complaints regarding cases pending before the Administrative Tribunal; liaise with and respond to inquiries from Judges of the Administrative Tribunal and mediate with external counsel including giving legal opinions on any legal questions that may arise. Legal Affairs researches on questions of international law and justice and gives relevant opinion on issues and matters sought by the Commission. In addition, the department assesses the progress made towards the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in Africa. The idea is to defend and protect Africa’s interests in the international judicial system. Dealing with intellectual property issues such as protection of AU paraphernalia and their use upon authorisation as well as requests for rights to reproduce parts of AU copyrighted documents is one area in which the department works. Africa in Union 2002-2012

The City of Ekurhuleni is finding innovative ways of reducing Carbon Shadows, such as: 路

Installing solar water heaters;

路

Installing energy efficient lamps, and control gear to make lighting more efficient;

路

Installing energy efficient streetlights and traffic light signal heads; and

路

Generating electricity from landfill gas.

Have you started to assess your own carbon footprint? What are you doing to reduce this footprint to conform to industry standards?

Reliable and economical, your electricity future in good hands. Ekurhuleni consists of the greater areas of Alberton, Boksburg, Germiston, Kempton Park, Tembisa, Edenvale, Benoni, Brakpan, Springs and Nigel.

Address by Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma on

Economic Liberation: The Role of the African Union “Indeed the vital areas should be the development of infrastructure that facilitates connectivity between and amongst ourselves by road, rail, air, sea, telecommunications. It is important we should be connected because without that connection we cannot begin trading with ourselves and we will remain as the markets for the products of other nations. We will therefore not be able to utilise our markets for our own benefits as Africa.”

WHAT IS AN AEROTROPOLIS? Definition – an aerotropolis is a type of urban form comprising aviation intense business and related enterprises. It is similar in form and function to a traditional metropolis, where there is a central city core and its commuter-linked suburbs. An aerotropolis has an airport city as its core and is surrounded by clusters of aviation related enterprise.

Af r i ca â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fi r st

w ww.ethiop ia na i rl i n es. co m

AU Departments

peace

security department

Peace and security across Africa can be achieved and this will mean stability on the continent.

In African Union 2002-2012

By our correspondent

Peace and security

The Peace and Security Department (PSD) of the Commission of the African Union (AU) was established to support the efforts aimed at promoting peace security and stability in Africa. This department is responsible for the implementation of the Common Defence and Security Policy (CADSP), oversees the operations of the Peace and Security Council (PSC), which is a collective security and early warning arrangement to facilitate timely and

effective response to conflict and crisis situations in Africa, among a host of other initiatives that promote peace and security in Africa. The Department comprises four divisions. The Conflict Management Division (CMD) focuses on the operationalisation of some of the aspects of the African Peace and Security Architecture (Continental Early Warning System – CEWS, the Panel of the Wise, the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the AU and the RECs/RMs. The CMD supports and coordinates activities relating to conflict prevention and management, as well as to PCRD. The CMD supervises and coordinates the work of the AU Liaison Offices on the ground. The Peace Support Operations Division (PSOD) works towards the operationalisation of the ASF and the MSC, including the elaboration of relevant policy documents and the coordination with relevant African structures and AU partners. The PSOD plans, mounts, manages and supports AU peace support operations. The Peace and Security Council Secretariat provides the operational and administrative support required by the PSC, to enable it and its subsidiary bodies to perform their functions effectively. The Secretariat acts as the builder and custodian of the institutional memory on the work of the PSC and facilitates its interaction with other organisations/institutions on issues of peace and security. The Defence and Security Division (DSD) addresses long-term cross-cutting security issues. The DSD is in charge of

issues relating to arms control and disarmament, counter-terrorism and other strategic security issues, including security sector reform. Since it first met in 2004, the PSC arm has been active in relation to the crises in Darfur, Comoros, Somalia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Mali and Côte d’Ivoire among many other countries. Efforts by the AU to ensure that peace prevails in Mali saw the PSC on 4 September 2012, denounce the abuses and violations of human rights in Mali and warned that perpetrators will be held accountable for their actions. More concretely, the PSC welcomed the initiative of the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights to open an investigation on the human rights situation in northern Mali. Such initiatives will hopefully pool together the international community to deliver urgent assistance to the people in this country. The PSD has also adopted resolutions creating the AU peacekeeping operations in Somalia and Darfur, and imposing sanctions against persons undermining peace and security (such as travel bans and asset freezes against the leaders of the rebellion in Comoros). The PSD is also responsible for the coordination, harmonisation and promotion of peace and security programmes in Africa, including with the Regional Economic Communities (RECs)/Regional Mechanisms for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution (RMs), the United Nations and other relevant international organisations and partners. Commissioner H.E Mr. Ramtane Lamamra from Algeria heads the PSD. In African Union 2002-2012

Peace and Security on the African Continent

Although armed conflict, or indeed conflict in general, is likely to be a part of human existence for a long time to come, it is important that the modern Defence Force, should, in its involvement or interventions, be guided by a set of basic rules that minimize the negative impact of such conflict on society. 96

Africa in Union 2002-2012

DOD Speech

South Africa’s Minister of Defence and Military Veterans, Hon. Nosiviwe Noluthando Mapisa-Nqakula - MP, gave the keynote address at the Conference on the Interaction Between International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law in Military Operations held at the University of Pretoria 31 August 2012. An upsurge in military conflicts in countries like Sudan, the DRC and Mali increases the chances of massive human rights violations. This is more important to South Africa, given the increased role of the South African National Defence Force in dealing with armed conflicts and peace keeping operations at international level. This was said by South Africa’s Minister of Defence and Military Veterans, Hon NN MAPISA-NQAKULA MP, at the Conference on the interaction between international humanitarian law and human rights law in military operations. The conference was held at the University of Pretoria, South Africa on 31 August 2012 and was hosted by The Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa in collaboration with the International Law Centre of the Swedish National Defence College. Speaking on the matter of war and peace from a different perspective, she raised the ever important concept of human rights. That concept has for many years been the basis of the struggling masses of South Africa. Masses have defined into the lexicon of struggle, the principle that women’s, children’s and worker’s rights are human rights. These categories have received special attention because they suffer more in the wake of conflict and war. The matter of human rights has been at the centre of demands and activities of the ruling African National Congress over many years. According to the minister, the spirit behind the founding of the ANC, Pixley Ka Isaka Seme, used his article, The Regeneration of Africa in 1905 to raise issues that planted the seeds for human rights not only in South Africa but also in the whole continent of Africa. The article

spoke against conflict and in favour of peace, security, stability and prosperity. The minister went down memory lane when she also spoke of the Bloemfontein ANC Conference on December 16, 1943, where the question of human rights was raised as well. The Bloemfontein Conference adopted the African’s Claims document, which was a response by Africans to the Atlantic Charter of the Allied Nations of 1941. The African’s Claims document defined the place of the African in the post war reconstruction as suggested in the Atlantic Charter, and argued for a Bill of Rights as a guarantee of a better place for the African in that reconstruction. After outlining what she referred to as a springboard for human rights because her belief is that it is in the context of human rights that international humanitarian law and human rights law in military operations find ample space for discussion. “In our military operations we have been guided by the discussions and decisions on human rights that are indicated in the annals of the history of South Africa. Indeed, we take our cue from the clause that was adopted in 1955 at the Congress of the People on matters of war and peace” she said. The clause: “There shall be Peace and Friendship” defines how a free and democratic South Africa would interface with the other nations of the world, specially the nations of the African Continent. The clause meant that as a free and democratic South Africa, the country would never use her resources, especially the armed and security forces to impose her will on other nations and cause conflict and strife by fighting against those Africa in Union 2002-2012

DOD Speech

nations to impose her will and grab their resources. The South African National Defence Force has been used since 1999 to protect peace in a number of countries in Africa. The armed and security forces have been formidable pillars in post war reconstruction in those countries, she said. That experience, has taught South Africa that, from a humanitarian and human rights point of view, the cost of armed conflict is not defined only in terms of loss of lives, but includes a negative socio-economic impact of affected nations, communities and individuals. These include the destruction of infrastructure and the productive capacity of nations, the rape and violence against women, the psychological effect on children, the destroyed environment and ecosystems; the displacement of millions who become refugees; and, as witnessed in Timbuktu recently, the desecration of cultural and religious symbols of value. Although armed conflict, or indeed conflict in general, is likely to be a part of human existence for a long time to come, it is important that the modern Defence

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Force, should, in its involvement or interventions, be guided by a set of basic rules that minimize the negative impact of such conflict on society. As a former member of the ANC’s armed wing, Umkhonto We Sizwe, the Minister of Defence and Military Veterans, was part of the struggle which was involved in some of those conflicts in the fight for the liberation and freedom of South Africa. She says that experience is important in understanding the positions and attitudes of South Africa’s democratic government under the ANC on matters of armed conflict and human rights. The year 2012 marks 32 years since the then President of the ANC, Oliver Tambo, signed a Declaration on behalf of the ANC and Umkhonto We Sizwe, in adherence to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Protocol 1 of 1977. International humanitarian law as captured in the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 was supplemented in 1977 with two Additional Protocols. At the time, the Geneva Conventions did not apply to members of national liberation

movements, but Additional Protocol 1 extended the privileges attached to international armed conflicts to members of national liberation movements. The Additional Protocol extended the application of humanitarian law to “armed conflicts in which people are fighting against colonial domination and alien occupation and against racist regimes in the exercise of their right of selfdetermination”. In order to benefit from this Protocol, the national liberation movement was required to deposit a declaration accepting the obligations under the law of Geneva. The South African Government at the time refused to sign the Protocols and as a result treated captured members of national liberation movements as ordinary criminals and not as prisoners of war. The late Oliver Tambo on 28 November 1980, at the headquarters of the International Committee of the Red Cross, in depositing this declaration on behalf of the ANC: “We in the African National Congress of South Africa solemnly undertake to respect the Geneva Conventions and the additional

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Protocol 1 in so far as they are applicable to the struggle waged on behalf of the African National Congress by its combatants, Umkhonto We Sizwe. This Convention is one of the cornerstones of humanitarian international law. We in the African National Congress have taken the serious step of making a solemn Declaration at the headquarters of the ICRC this afternoon because we have for nearly 70 years respected humanitarian principles in our struggle. We have always defined the enemy in terms of a system of domination and not of a people or a race. In contrast, the South African regime has displayed a shameless and ruthless disregard for all the norms of humanity. In signing this Declaration, the African National Congress of South Africa solemnly affirms its adherence to the Geneva Conventions and to Protocol 1 of 1977. As we have done in the past, so shall we continue, consistently and unreservedly, to support, fight for and abide by the principles of international law. We shall do so in the consciousness and justice, of progress and peace”. In making this solemn commitment, the ANC, presently the ruling party in South Africa’s government, was taking forward an important undertaking made earlier, during the adoption of the Freedom Charter in 1955, which declared that: “There shall be peace and friendship for all”; and a further commitment that a future democratic South Africa would strive to maintain world peace and the settlement of all international disputes by negotiation not war.” According to the minister, the democratically elected Government of South Africa has been committed to putting in place measures to reinforce the country’s commitment to the adherence to the principles of international humanitarian law. The first step in this regard was the adoption of a new Constitution. The 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa includes a Bill of Rights as the cornerstone of our democracy. Chapter 2 of the Constitution provides that the Bill of Rights enshrines the rights of all people in our country and affirms

the democratic values of human dignity, equality and freedom. Chapter 11 of the Constitution deals with the security services and section 200(2) states that the primary object of the defence force is to defend and protect the Republic, its territorial integrity and its people in accordance with the Constitution and the principles of international law regulating the use of force. Section 93 of the Defence Act, deals with members of the Defence Force who serve in a military force under the control or with the approval of an international body. This section applies to members of the SANDF who serve in peacekeeping operations under the auspices of the African Union or the United Nations or a hybrid force combining the AU and UN. The defence act stipulates that such service must be rendered in compliance with customary international law and treaties or other international agreements binding on the Republic. Members of the SANDF who are deployed in peacekeeping operations are bound by both international humanitarian

law as well as applicable human rights principles flowing from treaties which South Africa has ratified. According to the minister, it is these peace keeping operations that have given the opportunity to practically demonstrate the adherence of the SANDF to their training in the application of international humanitarian law and respect for human rights, in practice. Given the recent developments in the conflict in the Eastern region, members and others participating in the operation there, are working under extreme danger and exposure to ensure the protection of innocent civilians. What may also be worth noting is that in its deployment, South Africa has deliberately always included a large number of women as part of these peace keeping operations. Not only is this informed by the principles of equality guiding the South African defence force employment, but also because, on the ground, women have a better appreciation of the suffering of other women and children as a result of armed conflicts.

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Furthermore, the defence forces determined to play a role in enhancing the continentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capacity to prevent armed conflict and for peace keeping. After sending a Mission to assess the rise in atrocities in the Eastern Congo, the 32nd SADC Heads of State Summit recently held in Mocambique, has now resolved that the peacekeeping efforts in the DRC should now be organized under the auspices of a hybrid force combining both the UN and the AU. It is in our interest that the peace keeping operation in that region should not deteriorate into a confrontational situation, and thereby putting more innocent lives at risk.

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South Africa knows the people of the DRC have suffered enough as a result of the wars in their country and that the international community, particularly the continent of Africa, should step up and protect their right to safety, dignity and a better life. On 11 July 2012, President Jacob Zuma signed into law the Implementation of the Geneva Conventions Act, 2012 (Act No 8 of 2012). South Africa ratified the 1949 Geneva Conventions in 1952 and their 1977 Additional Protocols in 1995 and has now taken a further step by incorporating these instruments into our domestic law. According to section 2 of the Act, the

objects of the Act are to enact the Conventions into law as is required by section 231(4) of the Constitution; and ensure that the Republic complies with the Conventions; and ensure prevention of, and punishment for, breaches of the Conventions. While the 2002 Implementation of the Rome Statue of the International Criminal Court Act already enables South Africa to investigate and prosecute international crimes, including war crimes, the Implementation of the Geneva Conventions Act goes a step further by creating additional offences and by extending the jurisdiction of South African courts. Amongst the new offences created by the Implementation of the Geneva Conventions Act, section 6 of the Act requires mentioning in as far as it specifies that a military superior official is guilty of an offence if forces under his or her effective command, whether in or outside the Republic, commit a grave breach of the provisions of the Conventions. In practice, this could lead to the prosecution of military senior officials under whose command forces commit grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions. The importance of education and training of members of the SANDF on the provisions of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols, as the basis of International Humanitarian Law, can therefore not be overemphasized. The SANDF has definite interests in compliance with the Law of Armed Conflict. Inter alia, it promotes military discipline; soldiers who have no respect for the Law of Armed Conflict, have no respect for general military discipline. In the case of the South African Department of Defence, the Law of Armed Conflict was first introduced in 1997 when it was officially rolled out as part of the Civic Education Program. Chapter 4 of the SANDF International Humanitarian Law Course deals specifically with the relationship between the Law of Armed Conflict and Human Rights Law. Members of the SANDF are taught that in times of armed conflict, the ability of the state to

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the application of human rights law may affected, necessitating that other means of ensuring respect for fundamental human rights be put in place. Minister MAPISA-NQAKULA’s view is that although international humanitarian law is a manifestation of human rights law in time of war, it does not replace the human rights obligations of a state. Humanitarian law enjoins parties to an armed conflict to respect and preserve the lives and dignity of captured enemy soldiers and civilians who are in their power, she said. The DOD also operates within the international community of professional military practice. For the purposes of multinational operations and the increasing emphasis on greater international military cooperation and integration, the department has to ensure qualitative compatibility of its education and training system with that of the comparable international military community. This is especially pertinent within the sphere of Law of Armed conflict training where the SANDF has an excellent working relationship with, amongst others, the International Institute of Humanitarian Law in Sanremo, Italy. The Law of Armed Conflict as well as a basic understanding of the Constitution and the rights enshrined therein are formally presented as modules during, amongst others, basic military training, junior and senior officer and noncommissioned officer command and staff programmes, and during predeployment training for our peacekeeping contingents. In this regard, we are in the enviable position to present nationally accredited training. Provision is further made for the protection of and compliance with human rights law and international humanitarian law by specifically incorporating references thereto in the Code of Conduct for Uniformed Members of the SANDF. In this regard, the general Code provides as follows: “I will treat all people fairly and respect their rights and dignity at all times, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, culture, language or sexual

orientation”. Whilst the Code applicable during times of war provides as follows: “I will abide by the rules of international humanitarian law as contained in the Geneva Conventions”. This Code ends off by stating “I understand that disobeying these rules is a crime. It dishonours military personnel and their Country, and makes them liable to punishment as war criminals. I will therefore report any violation of the rules to my superiors”. From the above overview it is clear that South Africa has taken a number of legislative and policy steps towards ensuring that military operations take

rights law. Changes within the practice of warfare and revolutions however require that these rules should be updated from time to time. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission in its final Report recommended that renewed consideration be given to the way in which liberation and civil wars are conducted and to the treatment of participants in such circumstances. The minister reiterated her government’s commitment to the protection of the people and the country. She also highlighted the excellent service

place in a an environment where both human rights and humanitarian legal principles are present. As a result of South Africa’s obligations under the Constitution and treaties to which they are a State Party, members of the SANDF are bound by the principles of humanitarian law and applicable human rights law. This will be the case whether they are engaged in conflict of an international or non-international nature. Such interaction may inevitably lead to a situation where questions could be raised as to whether certain killings are justified under humanitarian law whilst not being justified under human

and role played by the armed and security forces to protect the peace that exists in countries emerging from conflict and the protection of the general populations in those countries but especially the women, children and other vulnerable groups. “It is for this reason that we are encouraged by the prospects of your discussion during this conference. A conference like this is well placed to evaluate the relevance of the existing provisions to the practical realities of armed conflict in the world today” Minister Mapisa-Nqakula said in her closing remarks. Africa in Union 2002-2012

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African Union - Countries in focus

Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabonese Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Republic of Kenya Kingdom of Lesotho Republic of Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania

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Republic of Djibouti

Country Name: Republic of Djibouti Capital City: Djibouti Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh Head of Government: Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita Independence Day: 27 June 1977 Dialling Code: 00253 Currency: Franc (DJF) National Airline: Djibouti Air (www.djibouti-air.com) Main Airport: Djibouti-Ambouli International Airport Major Ports: Port of Djibouti - Port Autonome International de Djibouti Time Zone: EAT (UTC+3) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Arabic Other Languages: Somali, Afar GDP (nominal) (2011): $1.239 billion data.Worldbank.org. Per capita: $1.467 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) (2011): $2.231billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $2.641International Monetary Fund. Site officiel de la Republique de Djibouti: http://www.presidence.dj/ Composition www.presidence.dj/gouvernement.htm Ministères www.presidence.dj/depminis.htm Les Membres www.presidence.dj/Membrgouverne.htm Africa in Union 2002-2012

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Arab Republic of Egypt

Country Name: Egypt Capital City: Cairo Head of State: President Mohammed Morsi Head of Government: Prime Minister Hesham Kandil Dialling Code: 0020 Currency: Egyptian Pound (EGP) National Airline: EgyptAir (www.egyptair.com) Main Airport: Cairo International Airport (www.cairo-airport.com) Major Ports: Alexandria Time Zone: EET (UTC+2) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Arabic GDP (nominal) (2011): $252.458billion data.Worldbank.org. Per capita: $3.118 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $533.739 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $6.594 International Monetary Fund. Government Website: www.mfa.gov.eg Ministries Ministry of Foreign Affairs www.mfa.gov.eg Ministry of Defence and Military Production www.mmc.gov.eg Ministry of Finance www.mof.gov.eg Ministry of State for Military Production www.isccnet.iscc.gov.eg Ministry of Scientific Research Ministry of Insurance and Social Affairs www.ngolaw.org.eg Ministry of State Environment Affairs www.eeaa.gov.eg Ministry of State for Antiquities Affairs Ministry of State for Local Development www.mop.gov.eg Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation Facilities Ministry of Justice www.moj.gov.eg Ministry of Culture www.ecm.gov.eg Ministry of Education www.emoe.org Ministry of Investment www.investment.gov.eg Ministry of Electricity and Energy www.moee.gov.eg\ Ministry of State for Parliamentary Council Affairs Ministry of Tourism www.egypt.travel Ministry of Interior www.moiegypt.gov.eg Ministry of Communications and Information Technology www.mcit.gov.eg Ministry of Agriculture and Lands Cultivation www.agri.gov.eg Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation www.mwri.gov.eg Ministry of Petroleum and Metallurgical Wealth www.petroleum.gov.eg Ministry of Housing and Urban Development www.moh.gov.eg Ministry of Higher Education Ministry of Manpower and Immigration www.manpower.gov.eg Ministry of Supply and Social Affairs www.mss.gov.eg Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation www.mic.gov.eg Ministry of Religious Endowment (Awkaf ) www.awkaf.org Ministry of Media www.minfo.gov.eg Ministry of Health and Housing www.mohp.gov.eg Ministry of Industry and Trade www.mti.gov.eg Ministry of Civil Aviation www.civilaviation.gov.eg Ministry of State for Sports Ministry of State for Youth

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Republic of Equatorial Guinea

Country Name: Equatorial Guinea Capital City: Malabo Head of State: President Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Head of Government: Prime Minister Ignacio Milam Tang Independence Day: 12 October 1968 Dialling Code: 00240 Currency: CFA Franc (XAF) National Airline: Ecuato Guineana de Aviación Main Airport: Malabo Airport or Saint Isabel Airport Major Ports: Bata and Malabo Time Zone: WAT (UTC+1) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Spanish (administrative), French, Portuguese Other Languages: Fang, Bube, Annobonese GDP (nominal) (2011): $14.006 billion data.Worldbank.org Per capita: $20.200 data.Worldbank.org. GDP (PPP) estimate - Total: $24.146 billion data.Worldbank.org Per capita: $34.824 International Monetary Fund The government of Equatorial Guinea - official web page Head of State http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com The Government of Equatorial Guinea http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com The House of Representatives http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com Political Groups http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com Speaker of the Government http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com Justice, Army, Embassies http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com Africa in Union 2002-2012

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Time to build a different type of Africa-EU partnership? An interview with Geert Laporte, Deputy Director of the European Centre for Development Policy Management Why is the African Union important? The AU has a key role to play in African integration, peace, governance and development. A strong-pan African institution is also needed to better represent Africa at the global level where it always had been marginalised. ECDPM has been engaged with the AU since soon after its launch in 2002, when some in Europe still had doubts about the Union’s ability to deliver on the high expectations. As an independent think-and-do-tank, specializing in institutional development and EU-Africa relations, we remain convinced the AU is crucial to the development of the continent. As a Pan-African institution the AU promotes home-grown solutions to African problems. Why would it engage with a Europe-based foundation such as ECDPM? From the beginning there was a relationship of trust because we are a nonpartisan organisation that operates in full independence from official EU and African institutions. This made it possible to engage with the African Union Commission in two ways: helping develop the AU’s internal institutional capacities and facilitating EU-Africa dialogue and practical policy analysis under the Joint Africa-EU Strategy adopted at the 2007 summit in Lisbon. Our key objectives are to ensure that African concerns are taken seriously at the negotiating table and that Africa is able to speak for itself in a new, modern partnership with the EU. Over the years, we have become an independent sounding board for the AU institutions especially on policy reforms in the EU and their impact on Africa. Having followed the AU for the past 10 years, what challenges do you expect the next decade to bring? The African continent and the AU institutions are confronted with huge

challenges. While we see double-digit economic growth in many African countries, the boom is not always bringing more equality, stability and democracy. Achieving development with a human face by fighting inequalities and exclusion is a huge task for the AU. It calls for strong AU institutions equipped with the necessary authority, capacities and resources. The AU should substantially reduce dependency on external donors and count more on its member states. African countries must be willing to entrust the AU institutions with the responsibilities and resources they need. We have to get over the current chicken-and-egg situation where African governments will only fully support the AU if it can deliver visible results while the AU needs more backing from its member states to meet those expectations. International relations have changed much since 10 years ago, with the emergence of the BRICS and other new global players. Is Europe losing ground in Africa? The tide has not been favourable for the EU in Africa in recent years. The BRICS were welcome partners that allowed Africa to diversify its international relations. It is very positive that Africa is regaining control of its own future. This should inspire the EU to develop less prescriptive and more business-like relations with Africa. Under the new AU leadership there could be a revitalization of Africa-EU relations based on a more open and frank dialogue between equal partners. The next EU-Africa Summit in 2014 could be an important milestone in developing a different type of partnership between continents that share a long history. In the coming years the AU can count on ECDPM’s continued engagement as a broker of EU-Africa relations. CONGRATULATIONS for the 10th Anniversary of the AU!

A Memorandum of Understanding was signed in July 2008 at the headquarters of the African Union between the Deputy Chairperson of the AUC, Mr. Erastus Mwencha and the Deputy Director of ECDPM, Mr. Geert Laporte.

Introducing ECDPM The European Centre for Development Policy Management is a think-and-do-tank focusing on making policies work. We combine a solid knowledge of development policies with expertise on how to put them into practice. ECDPM organises and facilitates policy dialogues, provides tailored analysis and advice. We participate in several networks and work with a wide range of stakeholders from various angles in both Africa and Europe. ECDPM also supports institutions in Africa to define their own policy and development agendas. ECDPM worked with the AUC since its foundation and signed a Memorandum of Understanding in 2008. www.ecdpm.org ECDPM has offices in Maastricht and Brussels.

State of Eritrea

Country Name: State of Eritrea Capital City: Asmara Head of State: President Isaias Afewerki Independence Day: 24 May 1993 Dialling Code: 00291 Currency: Nakfa (ERN) Main Airport: Asmara International Airport Major Ports: Asseb and Massawa Time Zone: EAT (UTC+3) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Tigrinya, Arabic, English – Hailemariam, Chefena; Kroon, Sjaak; Walters, Joel (1999). “Multilingualism and Nation Building: Language and Education in Eritrea”. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development GDP (nominal) (2011): $3.108billion data.Worldbank.org Per capita: 549 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2012 estimate: $4.397 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $777 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.shabait.com

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Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Country Name: Ethiopia Capital City: Addis Ababa Head of State: President Girma Woldegiorgis Head of Government: Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn Dialling Code: 00251 Currency: Birr National Airline: Ethiopian Airlines Main Airport: Bole International Airport, Addis Ababa Time Zone: EAT (UTC+3) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Amharic - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ethiopian Constitutionâ&#x20AC;?. Article 5 Ethiopian constitution. APAP. Other Languages: Amharic, Oromo, English GDP (nominal) (2011): $31.256 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $360 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2012 estimate: $94.878 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.092 International Monetary Fund. Government Website: www.ethiopia.gov.et Government Portals Ministry of Finance and Economic Development http://www.mofed.gov.et/English Ministry of Foreign Affairs http://www.ethiopia.gov.et/English/MOFA Ministry of Health http://www.moh.gov.et/English Ministry of Trade http://www.ethiopia.gov.et/English/MOTI Social Security Agency http://www.ethiopia.gov.et/English/SSA Ministry of Education http://www.moe.gov.et/English National Archives and Library Agency http://www.nala.gov.et/ Ethiopian Protection Authority http://www.epa.gov.et/ Federal Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) http://www.mse.org.et/ Tourism Ethiopia http://www.tourismethiopia.gov.et/ Ministry of Communication and Information Technology http://www.mcit.gov.et/ Amhara Women portal http://www.amharawomen.gov.et/ Afar Women Portal http://www.afarwomen.gov.et/ Benshangulgumez Women Portal http://www.benguwomen.gov.et/ Debub Women Portal http://www.snnprwomen.gov.et/

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Gabonese Republic

Country Name: Gabon Capital City: Libreville Head of State: President Ali Ben Bongo Head of Government: Prime Minister Raymond Ndong Sima Independence Day: 17 August 1960 Dialling Code: 00241 Currency: CFA Franc (XAF) National Airline: Main Airport: Libreville International Airport Major Ports: Port Gentil - Office des Ports et Rades du Gabon - www.ports-gabon.com/ Time Zone: WAT (UTC+1) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Other Languages: Fang, Myene GDP (nominal) (2011): $16.176 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $10.653 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2012 estimate - Total: $24.571 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $16.183 International Monetary Fund Official agencies AFD - Agence française de développement www.afd.fr Afritac centre www.afritaccentre.org The National Assembly ASE - European Space Agency www.esa.int Asecna - African Navigation Safety Agency BAD - Banque Africaine de développement www.afdb.org/fr Banque Mondiale www.banquemondiale.org BARMEL - Africa/Mauritius centre for lawmaking research and studies BRAC - Central African Regional Office of the OIF CCE - Delegation of the Commission of the European Communities CEEAC - Economic Community of Central African States Gabon Chamber of Commerce Conseil d’etat Economic and Social Council National Communication Council Constitutional Court Supreme Court Audit Commission FAO – United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation www.fao.org/index_fr.htm Phone: (241) 73 38 35 UNFPA – United Nations Population Fund www.unfpa.org/public/ Phone: (241) 73 88 82 FODEX - Fund for expansion and growth of small and medium-sized companies GEI – Global Environment Institute www.gefweb.org Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Francophone Ministry of the Economy, of the Business, the Industry and the Tourism www.finances.gouv.ga Ministry of Education, of the Higher Education, the Scientific Research and the Innovation Ministry of Waters and Forests Ministry of Mines, Petroleum, Hydrocarbons Ministry of small and medium-sized enterprises and the small business crafts OAB - African Wood Organisation Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie www.francophonie.org WHO – World Health Organisation www.who.int/fr/ Phone: (241) 74 01 40 Office of the President of the Republic PNUD - Permanent Mission of the United Nations Development Programme www.undp.org/french/ Promogabon www.promogabon.net/ General Secretariat of the Cabinet Senate UNHCR – United Nations High Commission for Refugees www.unhcr.fr/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home European Union www.europa.eu/index_fr.htm WCS - Wild Life Conservation Society www.wcs.org/ WWF - World Wildlife Fund www.wwf.org/

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Republic of Gambia

Country Name: Gambia Capital City: Banjul Head of State: President Yahya Jammeh Independence Day: 18 February 1965 Dialling Code: 00220 Currency: Dalasi (GMD) National Airline: Main Airport: Banjul International Airport (Yundum Intâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;l) Main Port: Port of Banjul - Gambia Ports Authority â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Telephone 00220 227266 Time Zone: GMT Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): English Other Languages: Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, Serer, Jola GDP (nominal) (2011): $977 million International Monetary Fund Per capita: $543 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2012 estimate: $3.496 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.943 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.gambia.gm Africa in Union 2002-2012

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THE GHANA CHAMBER OF MINES The Chamber of Mines is the main minerals industry association in Ghana. The Chamber represents the collective interests of companies involved in mineral exploration, production and processing in Ghana. Its activities are entirely funded by its member companies, which produce over 90 per cent of Ghana's mineral output. The Chamber has represented the industry's interests since 1928. VISION To be a respected, effective and unified voice for the mining industry.

MISSION STATEMENT To represent the Mining Industry in Ghana using the resources and capabilities of its members to deliver services that address members', government and community needs, in order to enhance development.

CORE VALUES

The principles that guide decision making which the members of the Chamber will not compromise whilst achieving the mission and pursuing the vision are:

··· ·· ·

Honesty Transparency Good Governance Good Corporate Citizenship Commitment and Unity

OBJECTIVES OF THE CHAMBER

Considering the strategic challenges for achieving its vision, the chamber’s objectives are: Promote and protect the interests of the mining industry; Promote and protect the image of the mining industry; Establish and maintain effective membership governance; and Provide thought leadership for the solution of national issues related to mining

#22 SIR ARKU KORSAH ROAD, AIRPORT RESIDENTIAL AREA P. O. BOX 991, ACCRA TEL: +233 302 760652 0243690023 FAX: +233 302 760653 E-mail: chamber@ghanachamberofmines.org

Website: www.ghanachamberofmines.org

THE GHANA CHAMBER OF MINES- PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTALLY AND SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE MINING

Republic of Ghana

Country Name: Ghana Capital City: Accra Head of State: President John Dramani Mahama Independence Day: 06 March 1957 Dialling Code: 00233 Currency: Ghanaian Cedi (GHC) National Airline: Main Airport: Kotoka International Airport (www.ghanairports.com.gh) Main Port: Port of Tema - Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority - Telephone 233 22 204385 Time Zone: GMT (UTC0) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): English Other Languages: Akan, Ewe, Dagomba (Dagbani), Dangme, Dagaare, Ga, Nzema, Gonja, Kasem GDP (nominal) (2012): $42.090 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.688.619 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2012 estimate: $82.571 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $3.312.706 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.ghana.gov.gh Ministries Ministry of Communications www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ministries/326-ministry-of-communicationsMinistry of Transport www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ministries/325-ministry-of-transportMinistry of Water Resources, Works and Housing www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/ governance/ministries/324-ministry-of-water-resources-works-a-housing Ministry of Tourism www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ministries/323-ministry-of-tourismMinistry of Trade and Industry www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ ministries/322-ministry-of-trade-and-industry Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ministries/321-ministry-of-financeMinistry of Food and Agriculture www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ministries/320-ministry-of-food-a-agriculture Ministry of Justice and Attorney General www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ ministries/318-ministry-of-justice-a-attorney-generalMinistry of Information www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ministries/317-ministry-of-informationMinistry of the Interior www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ministries/316-ministry-of-the-interiorMinistry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/ governance/ministries/314-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-a-regional-integration Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/ governance/ministries/309-ministry-of-local-government-and-rural-development Ministry of Defence www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/ministries/244-ministries Africa in Union 2002-2012

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Republic of Guinea

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Country Name: Guinea Capital City: Conakry Head of State: President Alpha Condé Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Said Fofana Independence Day: 02 October 1958 Dialling Code: 00224 Currency: Guinean Franc (GNF) National Airline: Main Airport: Conakry International Airport (Gbessia International Airport) Main Port: Port of Conakry - Port Authority of Conakry telephone 00224 442737 Time Zone: (UTC+0) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Other Languages: Mandinka, Fula and Susu GDP (nominal) (2011): $5.212 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $492 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2012 estimate: $11.464 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.082 International Monetary Fund Government Website/ Site Web du Gouvernement de la République de Guinée: www.guinee.gov.gn

Republic of Guinea-Bissau

Country Name: Guinea-Bissau Capital City: Bissau Head of Government: Prime Minister Rui Duarte de Barros Independence Day: 24 September 1973 Dialling code: 00245 Currency: CFA Franc (XOF) Main Airport: Osvaldo Vieira International Airport Main Port: Port of Bissau - Direccao Nacional de Marinha e Portos â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Telephone 00245 201984 Time Zone: GMT (UTC+0) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Portuguese Other Languages: Crioulo GDP (nominal) (2011): $969Â million International Monetary Fund Per capita: $575 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $1.925 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.144 International Monetary Fund

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Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality Takes on Aids Fight

3 nil Against AIDS

(3 - 0)

• Patmore Road, Orkney, North West Province, South Africa • Tel: +27 (018)473 8000 • Fax: +27 (018)473 8092 • Email: admin@kaundadistrict.gov.za • Web: www.kaundadistrict.gov.za

Republic of Kenya

Country Name: Kenya Capital City: Nairobi Head of State: President Mwai Kibaki Head of Government: Prime Minister Raila Odinga Independence Day: 12 December 1963 Dialling Code: 00254 Currency: Kenyan Shilling (KES) National Airline: Kenya Airways Ltd - www.kenya-airways.com Main Airport: Jomo Kenyatta International Airport - / www.kenyaairports.co.ke Main Port: Mombasa - Kenya Ports Authority â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Telephone 254-041-2312211 Time Zone: EAT (UTC+3) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): Swahili, English GDP (nominal) (2011): $34.796 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $850 International Monetary Fund. GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $71.427Â billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.746 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.information.go.ke Ministries Education www.education.go.ke Energy www.energy.go.ke Forestry and Wildlife www.forestryandwildlife.go.ke Housing www.housing.go.ke Industrialisation www.industrialisation.go.ke Justice www.justice.go.ke Labour www.labour.go.ke Foreign Affairs www.mfa.go.ke Transport www.transport.go.ke Trade www.trade.go.ke Roads www.roads.go.ke Livestock www.livestock.go.ke Tourism www.tourism.go.ke

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Kingdom of Lesotho

Country Name: Lesotho Capital City: Maseru Head of State: King Letsie III Head of Government: Prime Minister Thomas Motsoahae Thabane Independence Day: 04 October 1966 Dialling Code: 00266 Currency: Loti (LSL) Main Airport: Moshoeshoe I International Airport Time Zone: SAST (UTC+2) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): English, Sesotho GDP (nominal) (2011): $2.453 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.264 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $3.804 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.959 International Monetary Fund Population, (2004 census): 2.031.348 Government Website www.gov.ls/ Ministries Agriculture and Food Security www.gov.ls/agric Communications, Science and Technology www.gov.ls/comms Defence, Police and National Security www.gov.ls/defence Development Planning www.gov.ls/development/default.php Education and Training www.gov.ls/education Energy, Meteorology and Water Affairs www.gov.ls/energy/default.php Labour and Employment www.gov.ls/employment Finance www.gov.ls/finance Foreign Affairs and International Relations www.gov.ls/foreign Forestry and Land Reclamation www.gov.ls/forestry Gender and Youth, Sports and Recreation www.gov.ls/gender Health www.gov.ls/health Home Affairs www.gov.ls/safety Trade and Industry, Cooperatives and Marketing www.gov.ls/trade Justice, Human Rights, Correctional Service, Law and Constitutional Affairs www.gov.ls/justice Local Government and Chieftainship Affairs www.gov.ls/local Mining www.gov.ls/mining/default.php Public Service www.gov.ls/service Public Works and Transport www.gov.ls/works Social Development www.gov.ls/social/default.php Tourism, Environment and Culture www.gov.ls/tourism

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Country Name: Liberia Capital City: Monrovia Head of State: President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf Independence Day: 26 july 1847 Dialling Code: 00231 Currency: Liberian Dollar (LRD) Main Airport: Roberts International Airport Main Port: Monrovia - Monrovia Port Authority – Telephone 00 231 221577 Time Zone: GMT Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): English GDP (nominal) (2011): $1.154 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $297 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $1.769 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $456 International Monetary Fund Government Website: Official Website of the Ministry of Public Works - Liberia www.mpwliberia.com

Republic of Liberia

Ministries Official Website Ministry of Health and Social Welfare www.moh.gov.lr Ministry of Finance www.mof.gov.lr The Ministry of Foreign Affairs www.mofa.gov.lr The Executive Mansion www.emansion.gov.lr

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Libya

Country Name: Libya Capital City: Tripoli Head of State: President of the National Transitional Council Moustapha Abdel Jalil Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdel Rahim al-Kib Dialling Code: 00218 Currency: Lybian Dinar (LYD) National Airline: Libyan Airlines â&#x20AC;&#x201C; www.libyanairlines.aero Main Airport: Tripoli International Airport Main Port: Tripoli - Socialist Ports Company - 00218 21 43946 Time Zone: EET (UTC+2) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Arabic GDP (nominal) (2011): $36.874 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $5.691 International Monetary Fund. GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $37.492 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $5.787 International Monetary Fund Population, (2006 census): 5.670.688 Governmentw Website: www.pm.gov.ly

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The Social Change Assistance Trust (SCAT) is a nongovernmental human rights organization that was established in 1984 working in collaborative partnerships with rural Community Based Organisations (CBO’s). Our primary concern is that the rights of the poor are not protected and that today impoverished rural communities continue to have limited access to justice which is compounded by gender issues, limited opportunities for sustainable economic livelihoods, limited access to healthcare programmes and essential resources. SCAT’s vision is a South Africa with vibrant and sustainable rural communities and our mission is to partner with rural local development agencies in order to improve the quality of life of people in their communities. SCAT employs a dual financial and field based support system, both acting as a facilitating strategy for our local development agencies (LDA’s) development as well as providing assistance for specific thematic programme areas aimed at encouraging communities to take ownership of their own development and decision making. In addition SCAT support includes institutionbuilding, capacity building, mobilizing resources and developing intellectual capital. SCAT is an award-winning organization with proven impact, having supported 250 community agencies with an average of 850 beneficiaries per community over the past five years. Thus, SCAT has directly contributed to the lives of 212, 500 people and indirectly to 1, 062, 500 in rural South Africa. SCAT is faced with the challenge to assist the increasing number of community based organizations requesting our assistance for funding and capacity building to develop their role as catalysts for social change in rural communities of South Africa. The anticipated success of communities partnering with SCAT creates an opportunity of engagement for wider civil society, government and corporates to collaborate with rural communities in their locally guided development, working towards a larger scale foundation of civic participation and just social change. Scat currently supports 37 communities throughout the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape Provinces’ of South Africa.

Republic of Madagascar

Country Name: Madagascar Capital City: Antananarivo Head of State: President of the High Authority of Transition Andry Rajoelina Head of Government: Prime Minister Omer Beriziky Independence Day: 26 June 1960 Dialling Code: 00261 Currency: Malagasy Ariay (MGA) National Airline: Air Madagascar - www.airmadagascar.com Main Airport: Ivato International Airport Main Port: Toamasina - Port Autonome de Toamasina 00 261 5 32155 Time Zone: EAT (UTC+3) Roads Right hand drive Official Language(s): Malagasy, French GDP (nominal) (2011): $10.025 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $458 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $20.400 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $933 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.madagascar.gov.mg Annuaire des sites web de l’Etat Présidence de la Transition www.hat.gov.mg Primature www.primature.gov.mg CST – Conseil Supérieur de la Transition www.senat.gov.mg CT – Congrès de la Transition www.assemblee-nationale.mg Haute Cour Constitutionnelle www.hcc.gov.mg Vice-Primature en charge du Développement et de l’Aménagement du Territoire www.matd.gov.mg Vice-Primature en charge de l’Economie et de l’Industrie www.mei.gov.mg/ Ministère des Affaires Etrangères www.madagascar-diplomatie.net Ministère de l’Agriculture www.agriculture.gov.mg Ministère du Commerce www.commerce.gov.mg Ministère de la Culture et du Patrimoine www.mcp.gov.mg Ministère de l’Eau www.mineau.gov.mg Ministère de l’Education Nationale www.education.gov.mg Ministère de l’Elevage www.elevage.gov.mg Ministère de l’Energie www.mem.gov.mg Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique www.mesupres.gov.mg Ministère de l’Enseignement Technique et de la Formation Professionnelle www.metfp.gov.mg Ministère de l’Environnement et des Forêts www.meeft.gov.mg Ministère des Finances et du Budget www.mefb.gov.mg Ministère de la Fonction Publique, du Travail et des Lois Sociales www.mfptls.gov.mg Ministère des Forces Armées www.defense.gov.mg Ministère de l’Intérieur www.mid.gov.mg Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Loisirs www.tanora.gov.mg Ministère de la Justice www.justice.gov.mg Ministère des Mines www.mem.gov.mg Ministère de la Pêche et des Ressources halieutiques www.peche.gov.mg Ministère de la Population www.population.gov.mg Ministère des Postes, Télécommunications et Nouvelles technologies www.mtpc.gov.mg Ministère de la Santé Publique www.sante.gov.mg Ministère de la Sécurité intérieure www.policenationale.gov.mg Ministère des Sports www.mscl.gov.mg Ministère du Tourisme www.mtoura.gov.mg, publicrelation@mtoura.gov.mg Ministère des Transports www.transport.gov.mg Secrétariat d’Etat à la Gendarmerie Nationale ºwww.defense.gov.mg

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Country Name: Malawi Capital City: Lilongwe Head of State: President Joyce Banda Independence Day: 06 July 1964 Dialling Code: 00265 Currency: Kwacha (D) (MWK) National Airline: Air Malawi Limited - www.airmalawi.com Main Airports: Lilongwe International Airport and Chileka International Airport, Blantyre Time Zone: GMT +2 Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): English-www.malawi.gov.mw Other Languages: Chichewa - www.malawi.gov.mw GDP (nominal) (2011): $5.673 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $351 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $13.901 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $860 International Monetary Fund Official Website: www.malawi.gov.mw

Republic of Malawi

Parastatals Air Malawi www.airmalawi.com ESCOM www.escommw.com MACRA www.macra.org.mw Malawi Posts Corporation www.malawiposts.com Malawi Revenue Authority www.mra.mw Reserve Bank of Malawi www.rbm.mw Ministries Justice and Constitutional Affairs www.justice.gov.mw Foreign Affairs www.malawi.gov.mw Lands, Housing and Urban Development www.lands.gov.mw National Defence www.malawi.gov.mw Internal Affairs and Public Security www.malawi.gov.mw Development Planning and Cooperation www.malawi.gov.mw Finance www.finance.gov.mw Economic Services Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development www.moafsmw.org Transport and Public Infrastructure www.malawi.gov.mw Industry and Trade www.trade.gov.mw Labour www.malawi.gov.mw Natural Resources, Energy and Environment www.malawi.gov.mw Social and Community Services Education, Science and Technology www.malawi.gov.mw Health www.malawi.gov.mw Youth Development and Sports www.malawi.gov.mw Persons with Disabilities and the Elderly www.malawi.gov.mw Tourism, Wildlife and Culture www.visitmalawi.mw Information and Civic Education www.malawi.gov.mw Local Government and Rural Development www.mlgrd.gov.mw Gender, Child Development and Community Development www.malawi.gov.mw

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MESSAGE FROM IGAD EXECUTIVE SECRETARY The Intergovernmental Authority on Development proudly congratulates the African Union on its 10th Anniversary. This is an important milestone for the entire African continent as we work together for the realization of our economic integration, promotion of peace and security and development of our agriculture and infrastructure while safe-guarding our environment. This is a joyous occasion that will join the past, the present and the future as we recall obstacles and impediments to progress, the making of sometimes difﬁcult choices and the formulation of plans and visions for achieving our goals. And,the AU shares its celebration with regional and worldwide stakeholders for standing with the AU and with Africans as they seek to improve their lives. Thanks to the African Union, today Africans are united and aiming for higher goals for themselves to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Our continent is stronger, better and more prosperous. As a building block of the AU, IGAD reafﬁrms its commitment to work together with the AU, and other Regional Economic Communities in achieving these objectives. I must also welcome Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma as she takes on the leadership of the AU. IGAD looks forward to working with her as we strengthen our partnership, Eng. Mahboub Maalim Executive Secretary - IGAD

Republic of Mali

Country Name: Mali Capital City: Bamako Head of State: President Ag.Dioncouda Traoré Head of Government: Ag. Prime Minister Cheick Modibo Diarra Independence Day: 22 September 1960 Dialling Code: 00223 Currency: CFA Franc (XOF) Main Airports: Bamako Senou International Airport Time Zone: GMT (UTC+0) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Other Languages: Bambara GDP (nominal) (2011): $10.600 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $668 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $17.872 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.127 International Monetary Fund Population (April 2009 census): 14.517.176 - “Mali preliminary 2009 census”. Institut National de la Statistique Government Website: www.primature.gov.ml Africa in Union 2002-2012

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Islamic Republic of Mauritania

Country Name: Mauritania Capital City: Nouakchott Head of State: President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz Head of Government: Prime Minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf Independence Day: 28 November 1960 Dialling Code: 00222 Currency: Mauritanian Ouguiya (MRO) Area: 1 030 700 kmÂ˛ National Airline: Mauritania Airlines International www.mai.mr Main Airports: Nouakchott International Airport Main Port: Nouadhibou - Nouadhibou Port Authority - Telephone 00 222 574 5134 Time Zone: (UTC+0) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Arabic Other Language: French as well as Hassaniya, Fula, Soninke, Wolof GDP (nominal) (2011): $4.200 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.290 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $7.093 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $2.178 International Monetary Fund Population (2009): 3 069 000 -Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009) (PDF). World Population Prospects, Table A.1. 2008 revision. United Nations. Government Website: www.mauritania.mr

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A journey of

and more years that began with one Declaration

The Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) is proud to have

Participants at the Chobe meeting in December 1989, including a number of people linked with MISA and its activities over the years: Methaetsile Leepile (former MISA Regional Director), Geoff Nyarota, Bornwell Chakoadza, Raymond Louw, Al Osman, Gavin Reddy, Peta Thornycroft, Ndimara Tegambwage, Patrick van Rensburg, Paul Fauvet, Andrew Sesinyi, Ingrid Löfström Berg, and others.

served the region for the past twenty years, advocating for media freedom, freedom of expression and the right to know in the service of democracy, socio-economic and political development. We were officially launched in September 1992 when we elected our first Regional Governing Council in Windhoek, Namibia. MISA was created by southern African media practitioners to implement the 1991 Windhoek Declaration on Promoting an Independent and Pluralistic African Press. For this reason, the Regional Secretariat is located in Windhoek. In 1996, MISA transformed itself from a regional network of activists into a regional NGO with membership-based National Chapters. Currently, MISA has chapters offices in 11 SADC countries: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. We are proud to have since positioned ourselves as the primary advocate for media freedom and freedom of expression in southern Africa. Each National Chapter enjoys a national membership made up of media practitioners, media institutions and enterprises. The total regional membership of MISA is currently over 1 700 individuals and more than 100 institutions. The MISA programmes have grown and now have a global outreach, especially through the media violations monitoring programme. MISA’s work and agenda has also been taken up by many civic organisations in the region, thereby creating consciousness of the linkages between media freedom, freedom of expression and broader human rights and democratic campaigns. This success is the result of strict adherence to the following principles and values: • Freedom of expression as defined in article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights; • Media freedom, independence, diversity and pluralism as provided for in the Windhoek Declaration of 1991;

A fundamental strategy of MISA’s advocacy work is to monitor violations of media freedom, freedom of expression and the right to information and expose the violations with the aim to galvanise support from national, regional and international organisations that support and fight for media freedom

• Three tier separation of power as provided for in the SADC ICT Declaration of 2001 with the government being responsible for a conducive national policy framework, independent regulator responsible for licensing and a multiplicity of providers in a competitive environment responsible for providing services; • Three tier system of broadcasting (public, commercial and community) as provided for in the African Charter on Broadcasting of 2001; • Media professionalism and the observance of ethical standards in media products that seek to inform, empower, educate and entertain; • Citizens’ right to access to information in order to enhance transparency and citizen participation in government, judiciary and legislative issues; • Participatory democracy, respect for human rights, equality, human dignity, freedom and non-discrimination; and • Gender equality in and through the media and society. As we look ahead to the next twenty years, we see the work of the African Union increasingly becoming important to us, especially in consolidating the gains of democracy by strengthening democratic institutions, of which a free media is one. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, too, continues to demand of us a sincere and honest commitment in ensuring that people’s rights are jealously guarded and advanced. We are quite happy to oblige to this demand, as we have done for the past twenty years.

Zoe Titus MISA Regional Director

Rural economy and agriculture

feeding the continent The African Union (AU) only needed a year after its creation to outline its vision for a sustainable and adequately-fed continent. By our correspondent

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Rural economy and agriculture

The Second Ordinary Assembly of the African Union in July 2003 in Maputo, African Heads of State and Government endorsed the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Maputo Declaration on Agriculture and Food Security in Africa.â&#x20AC;? Among the several important decisions on agriculture in the declaration is the commitment to allocate at least 10% of national budgetary resources to agriculture and rural development policy implementation within five years. Many member states are striving to meet or surpass this mark. The recognition that agricultural

development was a necessary precondition for economic development for Africa saw the Rural and Agriculture Economy Commission being given the mandate to administer this sector. The Commission is headed by Her Excellency Rhoda Peace Tumusiime a Ugandan with previous experience as Commissioner for Agriculture Planning and Commissioner for Women and Development in the Ugandan government. Through the Department of Rural Economy and Agriculture (DREA), the

commission promotes agricultural and rural development to ensure food security for Africans. All efforts are underpinned with achieving sustainable development and improved livelihoods for the population. Effective protection of the African environment is managed through environmental and natural resources management. The Commission works with member states, regional economic communities, African institutions, parliamentarians, traditional and religious readers, women, youth and children, academia, researchers and civil society groups, among other partners to strengthen the agricultural sector, rural economies and the environment. Dr. Abebe Haile Gabriel, DREA director, manages and coordinates the activities and resources organised under three divisions and six regional technical agencies. The divisions: Agriculture and Food Security; Environment and Natural Resources; and Rural Economy are led by heads of division and staffed with senior policy officers, policy officers and support staff. Regional technical agencies in Africa on specialised needs are instrumental in running the commission. The agencies include the Kenyan-based Inter-African Africa in Union 2002-2012

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Bureau for Animal Resources (IBAR); the Inter African Phyto-Sanitary Council (IAPSC) in Yaoundé, Cameroon; the Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (PANVAC) based in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control and Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) based at the AUC in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The Semiarid Food Grain Research and Development (SAFGRAD) are based in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and the Fouta Djallon Highlands Integrated Natural Resources Project (FDH) is based in Conakry, Guinea. The regional technical agencie’s role is to provide the political leadership; facilitate policy coherence, harmonisation and coordination to address the challenges related to agriculture, rural development, environment and natural resources. The Commission has three divisions namely the agriculture and food security which facilitates the harmonisation of agricultural policy and knowledge support. The other department is the Rural

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and Agriculture Economy which has a broad mandate on sectors ranging from crop agriculture, livestock, fisheries, forestry, land, water, environment, climate change, climate services, disaster risk reduction to rural development. There is also the environment and natural

of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), which in turn is a programme of the African Union (AU). Established by the AU assembly in 2003, the programme has four key focus areas, ‘Sustainable Land and Water Management’; ‘Market Access’; ‘Food

Among several decisions on agriculture in the Maputo Declaration on Agriculture and Food Security in Africa is the commitment to allocate at least 10% of national budgetary resources to agriculture and rural development policy implementation within 5 years resources division. Pivotal to the AUC-DREA is the Comprehensive African Agriculture Programme (CAADP) which aims to help African countries reach economic growth through agriculture-led development. CAADP is the agricultural programme

Supply and Hunger’; and ‘Agricultural Research’ for agricultural improvement and investment. It aims to raise agricultural productivity by at least 6% per year and increase public investment in agriculture to 10% of national budgets per year.

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Africa’s pivot of success

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Africa’s pivot of success Since 1994

Partnerships to transform I

n 2008, the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) signed a momentous agreement with the African Union’s New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) to work towards increasing food production and food security in Africa. Agriculture has long been a top priority for NEPAD, and to translate that priority into action, it set up the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). Under the NEPAD/ CAADP initiative, more than 30 African countries have agreed to increase public investment in agriculture to at least 10 per cent of their national budgets in a concerted effort to increase agricultural growth to 6 per cent annually by 2015. At the time of the signing, Mr Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the UN and AGRA’s Chairman, said, “the institutions will work together with governments and other agricultural investors to increase the productivity of smallholder farmers growing Africa’s staple food crops. They will focus particularly on plans to develop high potential

breadbasket areas in African countries.” He added that, “the new partnership will enable African countries to close the gap between intention and action on behalf of smallholder farmers.” AGRA has several highly integrated programmes that invest in the work of hundreds of grantees operating across the entire agricultural value chain. We invest in strengthening Africa’s seed systems and the development and delivery to farmers of improved, higher yielding varieties of important staple food crops. We work to improve the health and fertility of Africa’s severely degraded soils. We support efforts to improve smallholder access to better, more efficient input and output markets. We work with governments to enhance the development and implementation of evidence-based agricultural policies. Along with our financial partners, we have implemented risk-sharing facilities within a number of commercial banks that are leveraging some 160 million USD in more affordable credit for smallholders and the small agribusinesses

that support them. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of the concept, and are now working with several African governments to dramatically scale up agri-finance initiatives. Finally, we work closely with a large number of farmer associations – through our Farmer Organisation Support Centre in Africa (FOSCA) – to strengthen their business skills and their ability to respond to the needs and demands of their thousands of members.

to support the development and implementation of nationally defined agricultural development strategies and programmes. The two organisations agreed to do this by jointly strengthening country level public policy formulation and implementation capacity; creating a policy and regulatory environment conducive to private sector participation in the agricultural sector; and wherever possible, jointly mobilising and leveraging resources for sustained agricultural growth.

African Agriculture AGRA fully endorses the goals originally set forth in the CAADP framework, and is working with its many partners to strengthen support for achieving the agreed CAADP national-level targets. AGRA and its partners strive to buttress the collaborative relationships needed among national and international development organisations, as well as between private sector and civil society entities, to transform African agriculture. In 2010, the hand of NEPAD was strengthened by the AU’s decision to change it into the NEPAD Planning and Co-ordination Agency (NPCA) – a technical body of the African Union, whose core mandate is to facilitate and co-ordinate the implementation of regional and continental priority programmes and projects. CAADP remains an implementing programme under NPCA. AGRA quickly entered into a formal MoU with NPCA to clearly define how the organisations will collaborate to improve the performance of the African agriculture sector. The effectiveness of CAADP’s efforts at the country level is enhanced by NPCA and AGRA working together

Mrs Jane Karuku, AGRA’s President, notes that, “AGRA is dedicated towards achieving a smallholder agricultural transformation, and our strategy is to identify national breadbasket areas in priority countries and develop them through targeted investment plans that take CAADP agreements with governments as the starting point.” She adds, “NPCA continues to mobilise public support among African governments to prioritise and invest in agriculture. AGRA develops and disseminates the technologies needed by farmers; bolsters policy reform; builds markets, increases the availability of affordable credit, and helps to enable involvement of the private sector. Increased investment will help to make A frican smallholders farmers more productive and more profitable. There are technologies on the shelf today that, if made available to smallholder farmers, especially women, would dramatically improve their farming businesses. Investing in agriculture is investing in Africa’s future.” www.agra-alliance.org

infrastructure

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energy department By Molly Tsitsi Chimhanda

AU Departments

Africa is a continent with vast resources, most of which can be tapped into for energy, which will essentially make life easier for people on the continent. Recognising that economic and social sustainable development would not be possible without liable and affordable energy sources, the AU has initiated many studies and field missions to explore the various areas in which resource development can assist the continent. These include the use of alternative sources of energy such as geothermal, hydropower and solar. The Department of Infrastructure and Energy (DIE) of the African Union Commission works towards initiating and promoting strategies and means that would contribute to the development of integrated infrastructure throughout Africa. It also ensures the rational and efficient intra-African trade, free movement of goods and people, as well as exploitation and utilisation of resources while ensuring sustainable protection of the environment. Under the coordination of the Office of the Commissioner, the department has a Directorate divided into three divisions that are responsible for energy, transport and tourism as well as information communication technology and all other areas of infrastructure. Therefore, it is mainly focused on road, railway, air and water transport, hydropower, nuclear energy, and renewable energy (geothermal, solar, wind) tele-communication, postal services and information technology infrastructures and related services. The DESERTEC Industrial Initiative (DII) for example, which is a German-led consortium to develop solar projects in the Sahara Desert, was designed to turn the Sahara’s endless sunlight into carbon free electricity that will supply 15% of Europe’s power demand by 2050. In addition, all countries of North Africa facing the Mediterranean have promoted plans of their own to introduce concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies for electricity generation for domestic supply and exports to Europe. Some of these projects have reached high stages of planning while others are seeking finance for implementation in partnerships with the European side. Africa has hardly been able to efficiently exploit its existing resources and compete effectively in world markets due to inadequate and poor conditions of transport, communication, and energy and water infrastructure. The African Union Commission has committed itself to implementing policies and programmes for infrastructure development in order to promote creation of a viable African economic market in collaboration with all African stakeholders and development partners. Although the challenges of coordination and harmonisation have been encountered, given the differences in needs across the various countries, the Infrastructure and Energy Department has tried to mitigate these through visiting major stakeholders on energy issues (African Petroleum Producers Association, Inga site in DRC, Cabora-Bassa and Mphanda Nkuwa project sites in Mozambique, RECs (SADC

“I believe in Africa; in its resources and its power. We are endowed in Africa with lots of resources, whether its natural or human. I’m sure we can do something for our continent. But we have to change our minds to think continentally, in planning and sorting out our programs, not to look only into our countries”

and COMESA)) with the primary objectives of exchanging experiences and discussing ways of strengthening cooperation in matters of energy infrastructure. PIDA is one of the flagship projects of the department, which has quickly won recognition and acceptance among Member States, partners and other stakeholders. By putting in place PIDA, the department focuses mainly on coordinating and harmonising all the initiatives relating to infrastructure development in the continent to avoid duplication of efforts and promote efficiency. The programme outlines strategic plans for development of infrastructure in three periods: 2012-2020 as a Priority Action Plan for specific projects, 2020-2030 and 2030-2040. Accordingly, the Priority Action Plan, which is the major result of PIDA, has 51 projects to be implemented in the period from 2012-2020 in the areas of energy, transport, ICT and transboundary water. Commissioner Mrs. Elham Mahmoud Ahmed Ibrahim, from Egypt, heads the Infrastructure and Energy Department of the African Union Commission. Speaking about Africa and the future, Commissioner Elham Mahmoud Ahmed Ibrahim says “I believe in Africa; in its resources and its power. We are endowed in Africa with lots of resources, whether it’s natural or human. I’m sure that we can do something [for our continent]. But we have to change our minds, to think continentally, in planning and setting our programs, not to look only in our countries. We should look and see what is here in this project for example. What is here for my country but also what is here for my region? How it can help development, how it can help trade for example, promoting agriculture. I think that’s what we need” Africa in Union 2002-2012

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Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sahawari Sao tome Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somali South Africa South Sudan Republic of Sudan Swaziland

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Tanzania Togolese Republic Tunisian Republic Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe

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Country Name: Mauritius Capital City: Port Louis Head of State: President Anerood Jugnauth Head of Government: Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam Independence Day: 12 March 1968 Dialling Code: 00230 Currency: Mauritian Rupee (MUR) Area: 2 040 km² National Airline: Air Mauritius Limited - www.airmauritius.com Main Airports: Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport Main Port: Port Louis - www.mauport.com Time Zone: MUT (UTC+4) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): English - www.gov.mu Other Languages: French, Creole, Asian languages - www.gov.mu GDP (nominal) (2011): $11.224 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $8.654 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $20.225 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $15.595 International Monetary Fund Population (2012 estimate): 1 291 456 - Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (January – June 2012). Population and vital statistics Republic of Mauritius. Government of Mauritius. Government Website: www.gov.mu/

Republic of Mauritius

Ministries Prime Minister’s Office www.pmo.gov.mu Defence and Home Affairs www.pmo.gov.mu/dha External Communications www.externalcom.gov.mu Rodrigues www.mrod.gov.mu Ministry of Energy and Public Utilities www.publicutilities.gov.mu Ministry of Finance and Economic Development www.mof.gov.mu Ministry of Public Infrastructure, National Development Unit, Land Transport and Shipping www.publicinfrastructure.gov.mu Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade www.foreign.gov.mu Ministry of Housing and Lands www.housing.gov.mu Ministry of Social Security, National Solidarity and Reform Institutions www.socialsecurity.gov.mu Ministry of Education and Human Resources www.ministry-education.gov.mu Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security www.agriculture.gov.mu Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development www.environment.gov.mu Ministry of Tertiary Education, Science, Research and Technology www.tertiary.gov.mu Ministry of Information and Communication Technology www.telecomit.gov.mu Ministry for Fisheries www.fisheries.gov.mu Ministry of Youth and Sports www.youthsport.gov.mu Ministry of Local Government and Outer Islands www.localgovernment.gov.mu Ministry of Arts and Culture www.culture.gov.mu Ministry of Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment www.labour.gov.mu Attorney-General’s Office www.attorneygeneral.gov.mu Ministry of Tourism and Leisure www.tourism.gov.mu Ministry of Health and Quality of Life www.health.gov.mu Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Consumer Protection www.industry.gov.mu , www.commerce.gov.mu , www.consumer.gov.mu Ministry of Social Integration and Economic Empowerment www.socialintegration.gov.mu Ministry of Business, Enterprise, and Cooperatives www.enterbusiness.gov.mu , www.cooperatives.gov.mu Ministry of Gender Equality, Child Development and Family Welfare www.genderequality.gov.mu Ministry of Civil Service and Administrative Reforms www.civilservice.gov.mu

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Republic of Mozambique

Country Name: Mozambique Capital City: Maputo Head of State: President Armando Guebuza Head of Government: Prime Minister Luisa Diogo Independence Day: 25 June 1975 Dialling Code: 00258 Currency: Mozambican Metical (Mtn) (MZN) Area: 801 590 km² National Airline: Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique, Ltd - LAM – Mozambique Airlines - www.lam.co.mz/en Main Airports: Maputo International Airport Main Port: Port of Maputo - Maputo Port Development Company SARL – Telephone 00258 21 313920 Time Zone: CAT (UTC+2) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): Portuguese Other Language: Swahili, Makhuwa, Sena GDP (nominal) (2011): $12.827 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $582 International Monetary Fund. GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $23.886 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.085 International Monetary Fund. Population (2009 estimate): 22 894 000 - Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009) (PDF). World Population Prospects, Table A.1. 2008 revision. United Nations Government Website: www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz

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Republic of Namibia

Country Name: Namibia Capital City: Windhoek Head of State: President Hifikepunye Pohamba Head of Government: Prime Minister Nahas Angula Independence Day: 21 March 1990 Dialling Code: 00264 Currency: Namibian Dollar (NAD) Area: 824 116 kmÂ˛ National Airline: Air Namibia - www.airnamibia.com.na Main Airports: Windhoek Hosea Kutako International Airport - www.airports.com.na/hkia.php Main Port: Walvis Bay - www.namport.com.na Time Zone: WAT (UTC+1) Summer (DST): WAST (UTC+2) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): English Other Languages: Afrikaans, German, Rukwangali, Silozi, Setswana, Damara/Nama, Herero, Oshiwambo GDP (nominal) (2011): $12.461 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $5.828 International Monetary Fund. GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $15.743 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $7.363 International Monetary Fund Government Website www.grnnet.gov.na Ministries Agriculture, Water and Forestry www.mawf.gov.na Defence www.mod.gov.na Environment and Tourism www.met.gov.na Education www.moe.gov.na Finance www.mof.gov.na Fisheries and Marine Resources www.mtmr.gov.na Foreign Affairs www.mfa.gov.na Gender Equality and Child Welfare www.mgecw.gov.na Health and Social Services www.healthnet.gov.na Home Affairs and Immigration www.mha.gov.na Information and Communication Technology www.mict.gov.na Justice and Attorney General www.moj.na Labour and Social Welfare www.mol.gov.na Mines and Energy www.mme.gov.na Regional, Local Government, Housing and Rural Development www.mrlgh.gov.na Safety and Security www.mss.gov.na Trade and Industry www.mti.gov.na Veterans Affairs www.mova.gov.na

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Republic of Niger

Country Name: Niger Capital City: Niamey Head of State: President Mohamadou Issoufou Head of Government: Prime Minister Brigi Rafini Independence Day: 03 August 1960 Dialling Code: 00227 Currency: CFA Franc (XOF) Main Airport: Diori Hamani International Airport Time Zone: WAT (UTC+1) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Other Languages: Hausa, Fulfulde, Gulmancema, Kanuri, Zarma, Tamasheq GDP (nominal) (2011): $6.022 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $399 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $11.632 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $771 International Monetary Fund Government Websites: Presidence de la Republique du Niger - /The Presidency of the Republic of Niger, site with information on Niger www.delgi.ne/Presidence/ Assemblée nationale du Niger - The National Assembly of Niger www.assemblee.ne Direction Nationale de l’Informatique www.delgi.ne

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Country Name: Nigeria Capital City: Abuja Head of State: President Goodluck Jonathan Independence Day: 01 October 1960 Dialling Code: 00234 Currency: Nigerian Naira and Kobo (NGN) Main Airports: Murtala Muhammed International Airport Main Port: Port of Lagos (Made up of: Port of Lagos www. nigerianports.org Apapa Port container terminal www.apmterminals.com/africa-mideast-india/ apapa/Tin Can Port Island) Nigerian Ports Authority www.nigerianports.org Time Zone: WAT (UTC+1) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): English Other Languages: Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba, Edo, Efik, Fulani, Idoma, Ijaw Kanuri GDP (nominal) (2011): $238.920Â billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.490 International Monetary Fund. GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $413.402 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $2.578 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.nigeria.gov.ng

Federal Republic of Nigeria

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Republic of Rwanda

Country Name: Rwanda Capital City: Kigali Head of State: President Paul Kagame Head of Government: Prime Minister Pierre Damien Habumuremyi Independence Day: 01 July 1962 Dialling Code: 00250 Currency: Rwandan Franc (RWF) National Airline: RwandAir - http://www.rwandair.com/ Main Airports: Kigali International Airport Time Zone: CAT (UTC+2) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Kinyarwanda, French, English GDP (nominal) (2011): $6.179 billion International Monetary Fund.. Per capita: $605 International Monetary Fund. GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $13.684 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.340 International Monetary Fund Government Website: Official Website of the Government of Rwanda Welcome to Rwanda www.gov.rw/ ; www.primature.gov.rw Ministries Ministry of Natural Resources www.minirena.gov.rw Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning www.minecofin.gov.rw Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources www.minagri.gov.rw Ministry of Education www.mineduc.gov.rw Ministry of Health www.moh.gov.rw Ministry of Defence www.mod.gov.rw Ministry of Justice www.minijust.gov.rw Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation www.minnaffet.gov.rw Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion in the Prime Minister’s Office www.migeprof.gov.rw Ministry of Infrastructure www.mininfra.gov.rw Ministry of Internal Security www.mininter.gov.rw Ministry of East African Community www.mineac.gov.rw Ministry of Disaster Management and Refugee Affairs www.midimar.gov.rw Ministry of Cabinet Affairs www.minicaaf.gov.rw Ministry of Local Government www.minaloc.gov.rw Ministry of Public Service and Labor www.mifotra.gov.rw Ministry of Trade and Industry www.minicom.gov.rw Ministry of Sports and Culture www.minispoc.gov.rw Ministry of Youth and ICT www.miniyouth.gov.rw Minister in the Office of the President www.minipresirep gov.rw Agencies Rwanda Revenue Authority www.rra.gov.rw/ Rwanda Development Board (RDB) www.rdb.rw/ Rwanda Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration www.migration.gov.rw/ Rwanda Development Partners www.devpartners.gov.rw/ National Unity and Reconciliation Commission www.nurc.gov.rw Social Security Fund of Rwanda www.csr.gov.rw/ Student Financing Agency for Rwanda www.sfar.gov.rw/ Private Sector Federation www.psf.org.rw/ Rwanda National Police www.police.gov.rw/ National Electoral Commission www.comelena.gov.rw

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Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic

Country Name: Republic Arab Saharawi Democratic Capital City: El Aaiﾃｺn Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar Independence Day: 27 February 1976 Currency: Saharawi Pesetas Time Zone: UTC (UTC+0) Official Language(s): Arabic and Spanish Other Languages: Hassﾄ］ﾄｫya Arabic, Berber languages, Spanish Official Websites: Official SADR press agency) www.spsrasd.info Government Website: Sahrawi Delegation in Spain www.polisario.es Festival de cine del Sahara - Sahara Film Festival www.fisahara.es Africa in Union 2002-2012

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Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe

Country Name: Sao Tome and Principe Capital City: Sao Tome Head of State: President Manuel Pinto Da Costa Head of Government: Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada Independence Day: 12 July 1975 Dialling Code: 00239 Currency: Dobra (STD) National Airline: STP Airways - www.stpairways.st Main Airports: São Tomé International Airport Main Port: Port of Sao Tome – Port authority Enaport – Telephone 00239 12 21841 Time Zone: UTC (UTC+0) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Portuguese Other Languages: Forro, Angolar, Principense GDP (nominal) (2011): $248 million International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.473 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $379 million International Monetary Fund Per capita: $2.251 International Monetary Fund Official Sites of Sao Tome Official website of the Presidency of São Tomé and and Principe: Príncipe www.presidencia.st Official website of São Tomé and Príncipe’s National Assembly www.anstp.st Diplomatic Missions Atlanta Consulate of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe www.saotome.org Statistics Instituto Nacional de Estatística www.ine.st

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Republic of Senegal

Country Name: Senegal Capital City: Dakar Head of State: President Macky Sall Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdoul Mbaye Independence Day: 20 June 1960 Dialling Code: 00221 Currency: CFA Franc (XOF) Main Airports: Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport – www.aeroportdakar.com Main Port: Port of Dakar - Port Autonome de Dakar Telephone 00 221 849 4545 - www.portdakar.sn Time Zone: UTC Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Other Languages: Wolof, Soninke, Serer, Fula, Maninka, Diola GDP (nominal) (2011): $14.461 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.075 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $25.152 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.871 International Monetary Fund Government Website: Gouvernement du Sénégal www.gouv.sn Primature www.gouv.sn Ministries Ministère des Affaires étrangères et des Sénégalais de l’Extérieur www.gouv.sn Ministère de l’Intérieur www.gouv.sn Ministère de la Santé et de l’Action Sociale www.gouv.sn Ministère des Forces Armées www.gouv.sn Ministère de la Justice www.gouv.sn Ministère de l’Économie et des Finances www.gouv.sn Ministère de la Culture et du Tourisme www.gouv.sn Ministère de la Femme, de l’Enfance et de l’Entreprenariat Féminin www.gouv.sn Ministère de l’Education Nationale www.gouv.sn

Africa in Union 2002-2012

149

Republic of Seychelles

Country Name: Seychelles Capital City: Victoria Head of State: President James Michel Independence Day: 29 June 1976 Dialling Code: 00248 Currency: Seychellois Rupee (SCR) National Airline: Air Seychelles - www.airseychelles.com Main Airports: Seychelles International Airport Main Port: Port Victoria - Port Victoria Port Authority – Telephone 00 248 224701 Time Zone: WAT (UTC+1) Summer (DST): WAST (UTC+2) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): French, English, Seychellois Creole GDP (nominal) (2011): $1.014 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $11.170 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate : $2.245 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $24.726 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.egov.sc Ministries Ministry of Defence, Legal Affairs, Youth and Hydrocarbons Ministry of Information Technology and Public Administration Ministry of Community Development, Social Affairs and Sports www.socialdevelopment.gov.sc Ministry of Home Affairs and Transport Ministry of Education Ministry of Foreign Affairs www.mfa.gov.sc Ministry of Investment, Natural Resources and Industry Ministry of Environment and Energy Ministry of Finance, Trade and Investment Ministry of Tourism and Culture Ministry of Health www.health.gov.sc Ministry of Land-Use and Housing Ministry of Employment and Human Resources Development www.employment.gov.sc

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Africa in Union 2002-2012

Country Name: Sierra Leone Capital City: Freetown Head of State: President Ernest Bai Koroma Independence Day: 27 April 1961 Dialling Code: 00232 Currency: Leone (SLL) Main Airline: Arik Air - www.arikair.com Main Airports: Lungi International Airport Freetown - Pankaj, Sierra Leone Airports Authority Main Port: Freetown - Sierra Leone Ports Authority – Telephone 00 232 22 229308 Time Zone: GMT (UTC+0) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): English Other Languages: Temne, Mende, Krio GDP (nominal) (2011): $2.196 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $366 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $5.093 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $849 International Monetary Fund The Republic of Sierra Leone State House: www.statehouse.gov.sl

Republic of Sierra Leone

Africa in Union 2002-2012

151

Federal Republic of Somalia

Country Name: Somalia Capital City: Mogadishu Head of State: President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Independence Day: 01 July 1960 Dialling Code: 00252 Currency: Somali shilling (SOS) Main Airports: Aden Adde International Airport www.adenaddeairport.com Main Ports: Mogadishu, Berbera, Kismayo are deepwater ports and Bossaso. Time Zone: EAT (UTC+3) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language: Somali Other Languages: Arabic GDP (PPP) 2010 estimate: $5.9 billion Central Intelligence Agency (2011). “Somalia”. The World Factbook. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency Per capita: $600 Central Intelligence Agency (2011). “Somalia”. The World Factbook. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency. Government Website: Welcome to the Government of Somalia Online www.somaligov.net/

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La Suisse félicite l’Union Africaine à dix ans de travail dans l’union – et bientôt cinquante ans pour l’unité, le développement et la paix. From North to South and East to West, the African Continent is host to twenty Embassies of Switzerland, hundreds of Swiss Civil Society Organizations, thousands of Swiss Nationals and millions of Swiss Francs of investment. I take this occasion of the anniversary of the African Union and its Commission to thank Africa for the hospitality and cooperation she has extended to Switzerland over all these years. In her activities on the Continent, Switzerland shares the objectives of the African Union and supports its efforts wherever she can. To Peace and Security in Africa, Switzerland has a record of making small but specific and essential contributions. By assisting the constitution of the Federal State of Puntland in Somalia, she showed the way to the decentralized organization of the now emerging new State of Somalia. In Sudan, out of the Nuba Mountains, she paved the way for the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and independence of South Sudan. And in Mali, today, she puts at the disposal of the African mediation her well established contacts to all parties for dialogue before armed conflict. For Development, Switzerland concentrates close to forty percent of her global aid on the African Continent. The lion’s share goes to the Countries of the Sahel, from Senegal to Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and to Chad. Technological, economic, and science and research cooperation for development with many other Countries complement this concentration. In partnership with many more African Countries Switzerland works at the multilateral level on the global issues of Water, Food Security, Health, Migration and Climate Change. The humanitarian aid of Switzerland to Africa does its best to keep in step with the major donors. For the Unity that Africa is striving for in her overwhelming diversity, Switzerland has perfect comprehension – herself being a multi-linguistic and multi-cultural Country with a very varied natural endowment. French is one of her national languages. This brings Switzerland together with half of Africa in the logos and Latin culture of La Francophonie. Another important meeting point with Africa for Switzerland is Geneva. This most international of all the Swiss cities with the seat of the United Nations and the countless International Organizations, is proud to call herself Republic and Canton, one of the twenty six which all together make up Switzerland. In the African Union, the Countries of Africa can achieve what the Cantons of Switzerland have done over the past, come together in peace, for development and in unity. Switzerland congratulates the African Union to ten years of work in union – and soon fifty years for unity, development and peace. Addis Ababa, in August 2012 Dominik Langenbacher Ambassador Permanent Representative of Switzerland to the African Union

Johan Boshoff â&#x20AC;&#x201C; www.thedivespot.co.za

Wondergat is the deepest natural hole in the interior of South Africa, and is used for advanced scuba diving as well as a training ground for instructors and technical divers. It is a very popular dive site in South Africa and there is a saying that you haven't dived until you've dived at Wondergat.

ngaka modiri molema district municipaity

accelerating service delivery North West Province is the home to the predominantly rural Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality. The Council and administrative team of the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality remain focussed in providing much-needed services in the area of jurisdiction. This service delivery covers such vital areas as bulk water infrastructure, sanitation,

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economic development, safety and security and healthcare. The area of the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality is primarily water distressed, and this shortage of water is at the very core of our challenges. Many of our communities suffer from a critical shortage of underground water. These challenges emphasise the need for the municipality to work constantly to develop innovative ways to meet the water needs of our communities. Innovation and local expertise, working in unison is the way forward and with that in mind the municipality is nurturing partnerships with local communities thus ensuring further development and provision of basic services is undertaken in the affected areas. Like all human endeavours we are constantly facing the fact that we can always do better and indeed we have upped the pace of delivery since 2011. We have worked harder at cementing our

industrial relations and addressing issues with labour. This inturn has allowed us to concentrate on finishing outstanding service delivery projects. The national government has committed its self to a total clean audit results, encouraging proper adherence and accountable, delivery of services to local communities. The Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality is currently involved in numerous programmes in providing rare and other skills to its workforce to increase its capacity and enhance service delivery. Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality has ample places of interests in our tourism sector.

■ Wondergat in Molopo-Oog. Wondergat is the deepest natural hole in the interior of South Africa, and is used for advanced scuba diving as well as a training ground for instructors and technical divers. It is a very popular dive site in South Africa and there is a saying that you haven’t dived until you’ve dived at Wondergat ■ The Tswaing Nature Reserve and Bird Sanctuary in Tswaing local municipality has over 350 species of birds to be found, especially in summer. ■ Kanon Kopjie-Mafikeng: It is the highest point of Mafikeng where Baden Powell soldiers used to observe on-coming enemies and it has 6km tunnel underground which they used to hide. The Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality has

funded the cleaning and revitalisation project of the tunnel. ■ Lotlamoreng Dam: A Heroes Acre where soldiers of the Anglo Boer War were buried. ■ Sol Plaatjie Monument where the first secretary-general of the ANC worked on the newspaper “Koranta ea Bechuana” after eliciting funding from Ngaka Modiri Silas Molema We’re proud of Ngaka Modiri Molema District and though we face many challenges, our municipality and our communities are working together, steering a course to find lasting solutions and create a better future for the generations to come.

Republic of South Africa

Country Name: South Africa Capital City: Pretoria (Executive), Bloemfontein (Judicial), Cape Town (Legislative) Head of State: President Jacob Zuma Dialling Code: 0027 Currency: South African Rand (ZAR) National Airline: South African Airways (SAA) - www.flysaa.com Main Airports: OR Tambo International Airport www.acsa.co.za/home.asp?pid=228 Cape Town International Airport www.acsa.co.za/home.asp?pid=229 Main Ports: Durban Container Terminal, www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net Port of Cape Town, www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net Port of East London www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net Port of Ngqura www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net Port of Port Elizabeth www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net Port of Richards Bay www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net Time Zone: SAST (UTC+2) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu GDP (nominal) (2011): $408.074 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $8.066 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $555.134 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $10.973 International Monetary Fund GovernmentÂ Website www.gov.za Ministries Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries www.daff.gov.za Arts and Culture www.dac.gov.za Basic Education www.dbe.gov.za Communications www.doc.gov.za Cooperative Governance www.cogta.gov.za Defence www.dod.mil.za Economic Development www.economic.gov.za Energy www.energy.gov.za Environmental Affairs www.dwa.gov.za Government Communication and Information System (GCIS) www.gcis.gov.za Health www.health.gov.za Higher Education and Training www.dhet.gov.za Home Affairs www.dha.gov.za Human Settlements www.dhs.gov.za International Relations and Cooperation www.dirco.gov.za Justice and Constitutional Development www. justice.gov.za Labour www. labour.gov.za Military Veterans www.dod.mil.za Mineral Resources www.dmr.gov.za National Treasury www.treasury.gov.za Public Administration Leadership and Management Academy www.dpsa.gov.za Public Enterprises www.dpe.gov.za Public Works www.dpw.gov.za Rural Development and Land Reform www.ruraldevelopment.gov.za Science and Technology www.dst.gov.za SA Revenue Service www.treasury.gov.za State Security Agency www.nia.gov.za Sport and Recreation South Africa www.srsa.gov.za Statistics South Africa www.treasury.gov.za Tourism www.tourism.gov.za Trade and Industry www.thedti.gov.za Transport www.transport.gov.za Water Affairs www.dwa.gov.za Women, Children and People with Disabilities www.dwcpd.gov.za The Presidency www.po.gov.za National Planning Commission www.thepresidency.gov.za

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Country Name: South Sudan Capital City: Juba Head of State: President Salva Kir Independence Day: 9 July 2011 Dialling Code: 00211 Currency: South Sudanese Pound (SSP) Main Airports: Juba Airport Main Port: Juba River Port Time Zone: EAT(UTC+3) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): English GDP (nominal) (2011): $13.227 billion South Sudan National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) 11 August 2011 Per capita: $1.546 South Sudan National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) 11 August 2011 Government Websites: Government of the Republic of South Sudan Official Portal www.goss.org

Republic of South Sudan

Ministries Ministry of Cabinet Affairs www.goss-online.org Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs www.goss-online.org Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation www.goss-online.org Minister, Office of the President www.goss-online.org Minister for National Security, Office of the President www.goss-online.org Ministry of Justice www.goss-online.org Ministry of Interior www.goss-online.org Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs www.goss-online.org Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning www.goss-online.org Ministry of Labour, Public Service and Human Resource Development www.goss-online.org Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Investment www.goss-online.org Ministry of Information and Broadcasting www.goss-online.org Ministry of Health www.goss-online.org Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry www.goss-online.org Ministry of Roads and Bridges www.goss-online.org Ministry of Transport www.goss-online.org Ministry of General Education and Instruction www.goss-online.org Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology www.goss-online.org Ministry of Environment www.goss-online.org Ministry of Housing and Physical Planning www.goss-online.org Ministry of Telecommunication and Postal Services www.goss-online.org Ministry of Petroleum and Mining www.goss-online.org Ministry of Electricity and Dams www.goss-online.org Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare www.goss-online.org Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management www.goss-online.org Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation www.goss-online.org Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism www.goss-online.org Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries www.goss-online.org Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports www.goss-online.org

Africa in Union 2002-2012

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Republic of Sudan

Country Name: Sudan Capital City: Khartoum Head of State: President Omar al-Bashir Independence Day: 01 January 1956 Dialling Code: 00249 Currency: Sudanese Pound (SDG, SDD) National Airline: Sudan Airways ‫ةينادوسلا ةيوجلا طوطخلا‬ www.sudanair.com Main Airports: Khartoum International Airport Main Port: Port Sudan Time Zone: EAT (UTC+3) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Arabic, English Other Languages: GDP (nominal) (2012): $53.267 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $2.496 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $89.048 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $2.495.902 International Monetary Fund Government Website: The Republic of Sudan Ministry of the Cabinet Affairs Secretariat General / ‫ ءارزولا سلجم ةسائر ةرازو‬- ‫ةماعلا ةنامألا‬ www.sudan.gov.sd

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Swaziland Industrial Development Company Ltd

SIDC, your partner through: Equity participation Loans and Advances Asset Leasing Finance Leasing of Industrial Buildings Advisory Services

www.sidc.co.sz 5th Floor, Dlanubeka Building, Corner Mdada & Lalufadlana Streets, P.O. Box 866, Mbabane,H100, Swaziland Tel: +268-2404 4010 / 3391/ 4012 | Fax +268-2404 5619

Kingdom of Swaziland

Country Name: Swaziland Capital City: Lobamba (royal and legislative) Mbabane (Administrative) Head of State: King Mswati III Head of Government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini Independence Day: 06 September 1968 Dialling Code: 00268 Currency: Lilangeni (SZL) Main Airports: Matsapha Airport Main Port: Inland Dry Port - Matsapha Industrial Estate Time Zone: SAST (UTC+2) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): English, Swati GDP (nominal) (2011): $3.947 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $3,358 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $6.233 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $5.302 International Monetary Fund Government Website: Swaziland Government www.gov.sz Ministries and Departments The Prime Ministerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office www.gov.sz The Deputy Prime Ministerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office www.gov.sz Ministry of Natural Resources www.gov.sz Ministry of Education and Training www.gov.sz Ministry of ICT www.gov.sz Ministry of Agriculture www.gov.sz Ministry of Home Affairs www.gov.sz Ministry of Commerce www.gov.sz Ministry of Economic Planning www.gov.sz Ministry of Public Works www.gov.sz. Ministry of Labour and Social www.gov.sz Ministry of Foreign Affairs www.gov.sz Ministry of Housing and Urban Development www.gov.sz Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs www.gov.sz Correctional Services www.gov.sz Ministry of Justice www.gov.sz Ministry of Sports, Culture and Youth www.gov.sz Ministry of Public Service www.gov.sz Ministry of Finance www.gov.sz Ministry of Health www.gov.sz Ministry of Tinkhundla Administration www.gov.sz Royal Swaziland Police www.police.gov.sz Parliament www.gov.sz

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Country Name: Tanzania Capital City: Dar es Salaam (traditional capital) Dodoma (Location of legislature) Head of State: President Jakaya Kikwete Head of Government: Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda Independence Day: 09 December 1961 Dialling Code: 00255 Currency: Tanzanian Shilling (TZS) National Airline: Air Tanzania Main Airports: Julius Nyerere International Airport www.jnia.aero Main Port: Port of Dar es Salaam - Tanzania Ports Authority – Telephone 00255 22-2113642 Time Zone: EAT (UTC+3) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): Swahili, English GDP (nominal) (2011): $23.333 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $553 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $63.892 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.515 International Monetary Fund Government Website: www.tanzania.go.tz

United Republic of Tanzania

Departments and Ministries State House www.tanzania.go.tz/presidentialibrary.html Prime Minister’s Office www.pmo.go.tz/ Vice President’s Office www.vpo.go.tz/ President’s Office Public Service Management www.utumishi.go.tz/ President’s Office, Planning Commission www.mipango.go.tz/ Ministry of Energy and Minerals www.mem.go.tz/ Ministry of Finance www.mof.go.tz/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation www.mfaic.go.tz/ Ministry of Health and Social Welfare www.moh.go.tz/ Ministry of Home Affairs www.moha.go.tz/ Ministry of Industry, Trade and Marketing www.mitm.go.tz/ Ministry of Information, Youth, Culture and Sports www.hum.go.tz/ Ministry of Works www.infrastructure.go.tz/ Ministry of Communication, Science and Technology www.mst.go.tz/ Ministry of Justice and Constitution Affairs www.sheria.go.tz/ Ministry of Labour and Employment www.kazi.go.tz/ Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Developments www.ardhi.go.tz/ Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development www.mifugo.go.tz/ Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism www.mnrt.go.tz/ Ministry of Water www.maji.go.tz/Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Co-operatives www.kilimo.go.tz/ Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Children www.mcdgc.go.tz/ Ministry of Defence and National Service www.modans.go.tz/ Ministry of East African Co-operation www.meac.go.tz/ Ministry of Education and Vocational Training www.moe.go.tz/ Ministry of Transport www.mot.go.tz/ Institutions Tanzania Parliament www.parliament.go.tz/ Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC) www.tic.co.tz/ Tanzania Tourist Board (TTB) www.tanzaniatouristboard.com/ Board of External Trade (BET) www.bet.co.tz/ Bank of Tanzania (BOT) www.bot-tz.org/ Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority (TCAA) www.tcaa.go.tz/ Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority (TCRA) www.tcra.go.tz/ Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC) www.tpdc-tz.com/ Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) www.tra.go.tz/ National Housing Corporation www.nhctz.com/aboutus.htm Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF) www.esrftz.org/ Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority (TFDA) www.tfda.or.tz/ Tanzania Socio-economic Database www.tsed.org/ National Bureau of Statistics Tanzania (NBS) www.nbs.go.tz/ National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA) www.necta.go.tz/ Tanzania Meteorological Agency www.meteo.go.tz/index.htm

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Togolese Republic

Country Name: Togo Capital City: Lome` Head of State: President Faure Gnassingbé Head of Government: Prime Minister Gilbert Houngbo Independence Day: 27 April 1960 Dialling Code: 00228 Currency: CFA Franc (XOF) Main Airport: Lome Tokoin Airport – Telephone 00228 223 60 60 Main Port: LOME port Time Zone: GMT (UTC+0) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): French Other Languages: Gbe languagesa, Kotocoli, Kabiyé GDP (nominal) (2011): $3.611 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $505 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $6.415 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $898 International Monetary Fund Government Website: République Togolaise - www.republicoftogo.com

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Country Name: Tunisia Capital City: Tunis Head of State: President Moncef Marzouki Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamadi Jbeli Independence Day: 20 March 1956 Dialling Code: 00216 Currency: Tunisian Dinar (TND) National Airline: Tunisair – www.tunisair.com Main Airport: Tunis-Carthage International Airport - www.tunis-airport.com Main Ports: Port of Rades, Port of Sfax - Office of Merchant Navy and Ports, Telephone 00 216 71 735 300 Time Zone: CET (UTC+1) Roads: Right hand drive Official Language(s): Arabic GDP (nominal) (2011): $46.360 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $4.351 International Monetary Fund. GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $100.979 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $9.477 International Monetary Fund Government Website: Gouvernement Tunisie.n www.ministeres.tn www.tunisiaonline.com Statistics Institut National de la Statistique www.ins.nat.tn Weather Institut National de la Météorologie www.metoe.tn

Republic of Tunisia

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Clinic In A Can

customized containers for global health

Clinic In A Can is an innovative, self-contained medical clinic built in a shipping container. These container clinics are retrofitted and delivered, ready to use, anywhere in the world, providing an instant resource to meet a variety of medical needs.

In a 6m steel container, we produce fully equipped medical facility that can be customized to meet a wide range of health care needs.

Key Features: • Economical • Ready to use • Durable • Made in USA

6 m container, ER (Emergency response)

Thornhill Office Park, Building No. 4, Ground Floor, 94 Bekker Street, Midrand,South Africa,1685 Tel No. +27 (0) 312 7423 , Fax No. +27(0) 312 1774 Email: chris@mosagroup.co.za

Clinic In A Can In a 6m Steel Container, we produce fully equipped variations of the following : - Medical Exam Room - Ultra sound room - Dental Exam Room - Emergency/Trauma++ Room

Examination Room with ultra sound equipment.

Dental Examination Room

Thornhill Office Park, Building No. 4, Ground Floor, 94 Bekker Street, Midrand,South Africa,1685 Tel No. +27 (0) 312 7423 , Fax No. +27(0) 312 1774 Email: chris@mosagroup.co.za

Republic of Uganda

Country Name: Uganda Capital City: Kampala Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni Head of Government: Prime Minister Amama Mbabazi Independence Day: 09 October 1962 Dialling Code: 00256 Currency: Ugandan Shilling (UGX) National Airline: Air Uganda - www.air-uganda.com/ Main Airports: Entebbe International Airport Main Ports: Tororo Inland Port, Port Bell, Lake Victoria. Time Zone: EAT (UTC+3) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): English, Swahili Other Languages: Luganda, Luo, Runyankore, Runyoro, Ateso, Lumasaba, Lusoga, Samia, Swahili GDP (nominal) (2011): $16.810 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $477 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $46.368 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.317 International Monetary Fund Government Websites: www.statehouse.go.ug, www.health.go.ug/mohweb www.parliament.go.ug Ministries Office of the Prime Minister of Uganda www.opm.go.ug/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs www.mofa.go.ug Ministry of Local Government www.molg.go.ug Government of Uganda www.ugandaonline.net/government

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Country Name: Zambia Capital City: Lusaka Head of State: President Michael Sata Independence Day: 24 October 1964 Dialling Code: 00260 Currency: Zambian Kwacha (ZMK) Main Airports: Kenneth Kaunda International Airport www.dca.com.zm Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport Time Zone: CAT (UTC+2) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): English Other Languages: Bemba, Tonga, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Kaonde, Nyanja, Chewa GDP (nominal) (2011): $19.206 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.413 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $21.882 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $1.610 International Monetary Fund Government Websites: Welcome to State House, the Office of the President of the Republic www.statehouse.gov.zm/ Zambia Online www.zambia.co.zm/

Republic of Zambia

Ministries Ministry of Local Government and Housing www.mlgh.gov.zm/ Bank of Zambia Website www.boz.zm/ Welcome toThe Zambia Department of Immigration website www.zambiaimmigration.gov.zm/

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Republic of Zimbabwe

Country Name: Zimbabwe Capital City: Harare Head of State: President Robert Mugabe Head of Government: Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai Independence Day: 18 april 1980 Dialling Code: 00263 Currency: Zimbabwe Dollars (ZW$) National Airline: Air Zimbabwe - www.airzimbabwe.com Main Airports: Harare International Airport - Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe - www.caaz.co.zw Time Zone: Central Africa Time (UTC+2) Roads: Left hand drive Official Language(s): English, Shona, isiNdebele GDP (nominal) (2011): $9.323 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: 741 International Monetary Fund GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate: $6.127 billion International Monetary Fund Per capita: $487 International Monetary Fund Government Website: Welcome Zimbabwe’s Web Portal www.gta.gov.zw/ Zimbabwe Ministry of Foreign Affairs www.zimfa.gov.zw/ Parliament of Zimbabwe www.parlzim.gov.zw/ Ministries Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanisation & Irrigation Development www.mao.gov.zw Ministry of Transport Communication and Infrastructural Development www.transcom.gov.zw Ministry of Mines and Mining Development www.mines.gov.zw Ministry of Lands and Rural Resettlement www.lands.gov.zw Ministry of Science and Technology Development www.mstd.gov.zw Ministry of Information Communication Technology www.ictministry.gov.zw Ministry of Defence www.mod.gov.zw Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education www.mhet.gov.zw Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprises and Cooperative Development www.msmed.gov.zw Ministry of Women Affairs, Gender and Community Development www.women.gov.zw Ministry of Tourism and Hospitality Industry www.tourism.gov.zw Ministry of Public Works www.publicworks.gov.zw Ministry of Finance www.zimtreasury,gov.zw Ministry of Energy and Power Development www.energy.gov.zw Ministry of Foreign Affairs www.zimfa.gov.zw Ministry of State Enterprises and Parastatals www.mosep.gov.zw Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources www.met.gov.zw Ministry of Industry and Commerce www.miit.gov.zw Ministry of Economic Planning and Investment Promotion www.mepip.gov.zw Ministry of National Housing and Social Amenities www.housingministry.gov.zw Ministry of Regional Integration and International Cooperation www.moriic.gov.zw Ministry of Water Resources and Infrastructural Development www.water.gov.zw

168

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ZA Central Registry

AU Departments

human resources, science technology

The Human Resources, Science and Technology

Department of the African Union (AU) is concerned with the development of human resources in Member States through education and training programmes, as well as the utilisation of Science and Technology for development in Africa, and includes three divisions namely: Education, Human Resources and Youth, and Science and Technology including Information and Communication Technology. The mandate of the department is the promotion and coordination of Human Resources Development and Science and Technology policies, particularly the development of ICT for the social and economic development of Africa. These policies will enhance the integration process through programmes and

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department

activities that are perceived by Member States as reflective of their priority developmental objectives and political stability. The department also has specialised technical offices in some regions. They include the African Observatory for Science Technology and Innovation (AOSTI) based in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, the Scientific and Technical Research Commission (STRC) in Abuja, Nigeria, the International Centre for Girlsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Education in Africa (CIEFFA) in Ouagadougou Burkina Faso, and the Pan-African Institute for Education and Development (IPED) in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Overall, the objective of this HRSTD is the establishment of priority and specific programmes that can be implemented in an effective manner in order to achieve regional integration and

AU Departments

Most African women are denied property and inheritance rights in their countries despite the fact that these rights are enshrined in a number of international and regional mechanisms

economic development through the establishment of institutional links and mechanisms for cooperation and coordination in the areas of education, training, science and technology. This is being achieved through the establishment of relevant institutional linkages and essential mechanisms and by harmonising operational procedures and mechanisms for information management and exchange while promoting the involvement of youth in the development process in Africa. In this global age, it is essential that science and technology programmes are embraced as these will be an essential tool in the continent’s development when appropriate systems for human resource development and skills acquisition in the areas of education, vocational training, literacy and culture are established. The department also focuses on monitoring universities in order to ensure quality assurance. Of concern to the department is the fact that no African university, with the exception of the University of Cape Town, South Africa, whether government or privately owned, features in the top 200 world university rankings. With this in mind, the department wants the AUC to put more emphasis on the quality of education offered by African universities. The AUC’s Science and Technology Consolidated Plan of Action is an initiative aimed at building and strengthening Africa’s institutions of higher learning. Thus, the department has developed initiatives that promote quality education in Africa. The department prioritises ensuring a smooth working partnership with the private sector and bringing meaningful and helpful roles of private universities in Africa.

The Pan African University is one institution working under the department of Human Resources, Science and Technology. The Pan African University is the culmination of continental initiatives of the Commission of the African Union to revitalise higher education and research in Africa. It is a project that exemplifies excellence, enhances the attractiveness and global competitiveness of African higher education and research and establishes the African university at the core of Africa’s development. The first four institutes of the Pan African University will be hosted as follows: • Western Africa PAU Institute of Life and Earth Sciences at University of Ibadan, Nigeria • Eastern Africa PAU Institute of Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology • Central Africa – PAU Institute of Governance, Humanities and Social Sciences at University of Yaounde • N orthern Africa - PAU Institute of Water and Energy Sciences (including Climate Change) It is noteworthy that this momentous project is being launched during the modern evaluation of the Second Decade of Education for Africa. Clearly, Africa has awakened to the fact that social and economic development is not possible without substantive investment in a robust higher education and research environment. In African Union 2002-2012

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PAN-AFRICAN PARLIAMENT One Africa, One Voice OVERVIEW The Pan-African Parliament (PAP) was inaugurated on March 18, 2004 at the African Union (AU) Headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia as one of the 10 Organs of the AU. It moved later to its current Seat in Midrand â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Johannesburg in South Africa. Membership is open to all AU Member States who ratify the PAP Protocol. Currently, membership stands at forty-seven (47). Each National Parliament designates five of its Members to the PAP, at least one of whom should be a woman. The ultimate aim of the establishment of the PAP is for it to evolve into an institution with full legislative powers, whose Members are elected by universal adult suffrage. At present, it exercises advisory and consultative powers.

Despite this restrictive mandate, the PAP is continuing to play a key role in promoting democratization, good governance and the harmonization of laws on the continent. This will lead to more stability, an important precondition for investment, and consequently, development and prosperity for the peoples of Africa. The objectives of the PAP are mainly to promote the principles of human rights, democracy, good governance, transparency, accountability peace, security and stability in Africa. The PAP is also expected to promote collective self-reliance and economic recovery, in addition to facilitating cooperation and development in Africa. Furthermore, it is expected to strengthen continental solidarity and build a sense of common destiny among the peoples of Africa.

Hon. Bethel Nnaemeka Amadi, MP president Hon. Loide L. Kasingo, MP third vp

Hon. Roger Nkodo Dang, MP first vp

Hon. Moustafa El Gendy, MP second vp

adv madasa clerk

Hon. Juliana Kantengwa, MP fourth vp

STRUCTURE The authority to make decisions of the PAP is vested in the Plenary Session. However, the main work which results in the decisions is performed by the ten Permanent Committees, which also meet to oversee the work of the AU. The Bureau of the PAP, which is responsible for the management of the Parliament, is composed of the President and four Vice-Presidents, who represent the five regions of Africa. The current President of the PAP is Hon. Bethel Nnaemeka Amadi, from Nigeria. The Vice Presidents are Hon. Roger Nkodo Dang from Cameroon, Hon. Moustafa El Gendy from Egypt, Hon. Loide Kasingo from Namibia and Hon. Juliana Kantengwa from Rwanda.The Bureau is supported by a Secretariat of permanent staff members

who are headed by the Clerk of Parliament, Adv. Zwelethu Madasa from South Africa.

TRANSFORMATION The PAP is currently undergoing a review process that is hoped to culminate in awarding it limited legislative powers to make model laws that would contribute to the harmonization of policies across the continent. This is seen as the first step in the full transformation of the PAP into the legislative body of the African continent. The process is at an advanced stage and the African Heads of State and Government are expected to decide on this at their next Summit in January 2013.

Gallagher Convention Centre, 19 Richards Drive, Midrand, Gauteng Private Bag X16, Halfway House 1685, Midrand, Republic of South Africa Tel: 011-545 5000 â&#x20AC;˘ Fax: 011-545 5127 E-mail: info@panafricanparliament.org Website: www.pan-african-parliament.org

Civil society

Civil society and the AU The African Union as the body responsible for the realisation of African unity and political and economic integration needs balanced and resolute guidance. By OUR CORRESPONDENT

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Civil society

As a principal organisation for promoting Africa’s relations with the outside world, its image and the interests of its citizens, engagement with civil society is a healthy exercise. It helps to initiate, sustain and strengthen credible policy dialogue. The African Citizens and Diaspora Directorate (CIDO) is in the office of the AU chairperson. It is the official liaison office for civil society organisations from Africa or the African diaspora who intend to interact with the African Union Commission. Accepting the reality that many Africans with experts are now residing out of the continent, tapping the African diaspora has become a necessity. CIDO acts as secretariat for the Economic, Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC), an advisory organ designed to give civil society organisations (CSOs) a voice within the AU institutions and decision-making processes. Though ECOSOCC is provided for in the Constitutive Act, it does not have its own protocol, relying rather on Statutes approved by the Assembly. ECOSOCC officers are considered a critical link for civil society to the AU. It is a voice within the AU institutions and decision-making processes. The officers are full delegates to the AU summits. They can attend all meetings, including closed sessions, and are in a position to brief CSOs on key issues discussed. ECOSOCC is made up of civil society organisations from a wide range of sectors including labour, business and professional groups, service providers and policy think tanks, both from within Africa and the African diaspora. The grouping is required to submit a report on its activities to the AU Assembly. CIDO reviews the observer status and procedures for NGOs. For instance, they had the responsibility to review the need for organisations to have two thirds funding from their own members.

CIDO is responsible for accrediting non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to attend summits and other meetings. Request for accreditation from CIDO is usually conducted many weeks in advance of the meeting. Similarly, other AU directorates and departments may also forward the names of selected organisations to be accredited as observers. CIDO convenes the Civil Society Organisations forum for selected civil society organisations prior to some summits. For those who wish to hold side-events in the vicinity of the summit or to collaborate on a shared event to maximise impact CIDO and ECOSOCC are the right contact people for advice. CIDO is a one way society with divergent views that can get to be heard at AU. Its agenda may include a briefing on AU developments and the key issues to be tabled at a summit. The meetings provide an opportunity for a limited number of civil society groups to make recommendations on issues to be discussed at summits. The selection of CSOs to ECOSOCC is done by showing proof that the ownership and management of the CSO is made up of not less than 50% of Africans or African diaspora. Another requirement is to show that the resources of the organisation derive at least 50% from contributions of the members of the organisation. The requirements on funding from membership contributions mean that many African NGOs are not eligible for membership of ECOSOCC. The current executive members of Pan-African Lawyers Union, the Organisation of African Trade Union Unity, the Pan-African Employers Federation, the Africa IDP Voice, the Network of African Peace Builders, and women’s groups such as African Women’s Development and Communication Network, the Pan-African Women’s Organisation and Femmes Africa Solidarité. In African Union 2002-2012

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Three African icons, one common vision

On this, the 10th anniversary of the African Union, the Thabo Mbeki African Leadership Institute (TMALI) at the University of South Africa (Unisa) joins the continent and the entire international community in paying tribute to the African Union, a vanguard and leading crusader for the advancement and renaissance of Africa and its peoples. TMALI and Unisa, both iconic African institutions, have a common and shared vision with the African Union which, since its establishment, has been leading from the front to ensure the realisation of ‘an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its own citizens and representing a dynamic force on the global arena’. This vision is distinctly resonant with Unisa’s own vision: ‘Towards the African university in the service of humanity’, which is entrenched, amongst others; in its business approach, its value system and its emphasis on indigenous African knowledge production and promoting research, innovation and development outputs by African intellectuals in Africa and the diaspora. It is also in consonance with TMALI’s vision of ‘investing in thought leadership for Africa’s renewal’.

Learn without limits.

TMALI was launched in 2010 as a partnership between Unisa and the Thabo Mbeki Foundation (TMF) with the aim of supporting and developing a new generation of African thought leaders. Born of the need to help Africa deal with its identified strategic deficit in human capital and leveraging on the wisdom, international stature and vast experience of its patron, former South African President and current AU envoy to Sudan, Dr Thabo Mbeki, it offers products and services such as short learning programmes, master’s and doctoral studies (from 2013) and research and publications. Important events include the Annual Thabo Mbeki Africa Day Lecture, the Annual Africa Day Conference and International Women’s Day. TMALI will in future host the Presidential Library and Museum as part of the Unisa Library. TMALI short learning programmes and other courses are aimed at: -

Contributing to the ongoing process of leadership development on the continent;

Contributing to the resolution of the persistent problem of African underdevelopment;

Contributing towards the rebuilding of African institutions in the areas of politics, commerce, trade and investment; and

Contributing towards policy development on critical challenges facing the continent.

In his seminal anthology of speeches and interviews, Africa Define Yourself, the patron himself could not have captured it more succinctly when he said: ‘We have a duty to define ourselves. We speak about the need for African Renaissance in part so that we, ourselves and not another, determine who we are, what we stand for, what our vision and hopes are, how we do things, what programmes we adopt to make our lives worth living’.

The TMALI short learning programmes, which are offered at its premises as well as through distance learning, are:

Hence, the programmes offered by TMALI are largely focused on African issues, while also looking at issues from the diaspora and internationally. The students come from the length and breadth of the continent, while the faculty itself is drawn from academic staff at Unisa as well as other institutions of higher learning, including experts from Africa and the diaspora.

To be eligible for the short learning programmes, students must possess a relevant NQF level 5 (Matric) plus a one year of tertiary qualification. Students without this qualification will be admitted if they have relevant experience. Students must have basic academic writing skills such as essay writing and basic research skills such as the ability to find materials in the library and on the Internet. They should also be competent in giving presentation in a group setting.

The courses are characterised by two distinctive features, namely an ‘Mbeki imprint’ in their assertion of the viability of the African Renaissance and of Africa’s capacity to claim the 21st century and their affirmation that Africans can achieve greatness; and a focus on African reality, past and present, which should both expand students’ knowledge of Africa and direct their attention to the transformation of the continent. To achieve these objectives, the programmes: -

Expose students to the vision projected by Africans over time with regard to all areas of study; Empower students to critically assess the vision statements of entities such as the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), the African Union (AU), the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) and the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM);

Provide students with tools to critically assess the African treaties, conventions, acts, protocols and declarations making up the large corpus of agreed continental policies on a wide variety of matters; and

Inspire students to define what needs to be done to achieve Africa’s Renaissance.

Introduction to Thought Leadership for Africa’s Renewal

African Economy: The African Economic Challenge

Africa and International Trade: Building an African Developmental State

From 2013 onwards, TMALI will offer qualifications at masters’ and doctoral level, with co-supervision with theses. For more information, please visit the TMALI website at www.unisa.ac.za/tmali. Alternatively, enquiries can be made at the following contact details:

Telephone

+27 (12) 337 6171/6013

Fax

086 768 7094

E-mail

tmali@unisa.ac.za ramphnc@unisa.ac.za phosaml@unisa.ac.za

university of south africa

10003345JB

THABO MBEKI AFRICAN LEADERSHIP INSTITUTE

TBWA\HUNT\LASCARIS 126154

Elections ensure democracy wins every time Since its establishment in 1997, the IEC has played a vital role in the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s democracy. It has done this through the consistent delivery of free and fair elections, so the South African public can exercise their constitutional right to vote. Visit www.elections.org.za for more information.