Premier Issue

PREMIER ISSUE!

JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2017 ISSUE 1

LIFE INSIDE THE WHITE HOUSE A STRONG AGING BRAIN A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN DIET YOGA FOR LOWER BACK PAIN

THE GREAT

NORMAN LEAR

PROUD TO BE AN

PROUD TO BE A

JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2017 | ISSUE 1

22

Life Inside the White House A look in pictures at the People’s House

by Christina Burns

▲ FIRST LADY ELEANOR ROOSEVELT IN FRONT OF THE WHITE HOUSE WITH SOONG MEI-LING (MADAME CHIANG KAI-SHEK), FIRST LADY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA, FEBRUARY 1943.

FEATURES

DEPARTMENTS

18 American Firsts of the Last Century

2 Publisher’s Letter 4 Remember When 8 Did You Know?

10 Health & Wellness

Commemorating some of the historical moments in our culture.

by Melissa Mayntz

30 The Changing American Diet

What we consume today is a lot different than how we started.

by Katherine Adams

34 The Great Norman Lear

The father of television comedy continues to influence us.

by Cristina Nascimento

PREMIER ISSUE!

On the Cover Norman Lear

Photo: Courtesy of Music Box Films

JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2017 ISSUE 1

LIFE INSIDE THE WHITE HOUSE A STRONG AGING BRAIN A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN DIET

2 American Senior

YOGA FOR LOWER BACK PAIN

THE GREAT

NORMAN LEAR

Three Essential Yoga Stretches for Lower Back Pain

14 Dr. Lori

Keep Your Aging Brain Strong

16 Facing Alzheimer’s

Sharing Personal History To Make Meaningful Moments

38 Books 40 Fun & Games 42 Highlights for (Grand) children 44 Horoscopes 46 Puzzle Solutions 48 Last Laugh

PUBLISHER’S LETTER

Introducing American Senior

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ll across this great big, beautiful, and diverse country of ours, there are tens of millions of people whose everyday life experiences have profound and lasting impacts on the generations who follow them. They made individual choices that gave rise, shape, and direction to their families; they developed and supported their local communities, cultivating the foundational social fabric of our national culture.

Their love of liberty and willingness to serve and sacrifice have promoted, defended, and protected freedom across the globe. Their dreams and character challenged inequality and improved our democracy at home with the Civil Rights Act and the Equal Rights Amendment, inspiring millions around the world to follow suit.

Their ambitions advanced industrial and commercial

successes never before seen, creating unparalleled economic opportunity for billions of people. Their boldness brought mankind to the moon and other planets, laying the groundwork for future technological advancements almost beyond comprehension.

They gave us victory rolls, the Beehive, conks and Afros, rock ‘n’ roll and Motown Sound, broadcast radio and television, Woodstock and Watergate, and the VHS and the home computer.

They gave us the tools and resources with which to celebrate our culture and successes on the one hand, but the confidence and humility to question ourselves and correct our mistakes on the other.

They are our country’s greatest assets.

They are American Senior, and our mission is to entertain and inform every one of them with

PUBLISHER AND CEO

John Polatz

EDITOR IN CHIEF CREATIVE DIRECTOR

Ali Burke

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

Julien McRoberts, Dr. Lori Stevic-Rust CONTRIBUTORS

Katherine Adams, Melissa Mayntz, Cristina Nascimento

JOHN POLATZ

Publisher and CEO

© 2017 PS Lifestyle LLC. All rights reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited.

JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2017 • ISSUE 01

Christina Burns

a pro-aging lifestyle magazine dedicated in their honor.

In each issue, we will celebrate their past, present, and future contributions to our common heritage. We will deliver personally enriching and enlightening content about health and wellness from partners and experts who share our passion. We will sit down with American senior icons like Norman Lear and ask them to relate their stories to their peers.

We are fortunate to embark on this adventure, and we are pleased to make this premier issue of American Senior available to you. Please enjoy the fruits of our labor and share your thoughts with us online at americanseniormagazine.com!

American Senior is published by PS Lifestyle LLC 55 Public Square Suite 1180 Cleveland, OH 44113 Phone: (440) 600-1595 Fax: (440) 848-8560

To order a subscription or to distribute American Senior at your business, contact info@pslifestyle.com or go to americanseniormagazine.com

January / February 2017 3

Remember When...

POP CULTURE, NEWS AND EVENTS FROM DECADES PAST The first issue of the general interest picture magazine, LOOK, went on sale for 10¢ each and sold 705,000 copies.

Published in Des Moines, it quickly went from a monthly to a bi-weekly publication due to its popularity around the country.

Aspiring actress Elizabeth Short became infamously known as the “Black Dahlia” when she was found murdered in Los Angeles, a case that remains unsolved.

AP PHOTO

1937

1947

Author John Steinbeck’s critically acclaimed novella Of Mice and Men, that tells the tale of two migrant workers in California during the Great Depression, first appeared in print.

BETTMAN/GETTY

Sold in red, white, and blue packaging as “the atom bubble gum,” Bazooka chewing gum was introduced by the Topps Company of Brooklyn, New York.

JAY PAUL/BLOOMBERG NEWS

4 American Senior

Movie actor and future US President Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 33rd governor of California.

AP PHOTO/WALT ZEBOSKI

Country singer Patsy Cline made her national television debut on Arthur Godfrey’s Talent Scouts, where she performed “Walkin’ After Midnight.”

The first personal computer, the Commodore PET 2001, was demonstrated at the winter Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago.

CSU ARCHIVES/EVERETT COLLECTION

RAMA, CC-BY-SA-2.0-FR

1957

1967

Rock & roll legend Buddy Holly and the Crickets recorded the no. 1 hit song, “That’ll Be the Day,” its title taken from a recurring line in the John Wayne movie, The Searchers.

1977

›

The twelve-hour mini-series Roots aired on ABC for eight consecutive nights, and 100 million viewers— nearly half the country—watched the final episode.

UNITED ARCHIVES/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO

PICTORIAL PRESS LTD/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO

Rock band The Doors’ self-titled debut album was released, featuring their breakthrough single “Light My Fire” as well as “Break On Through”.

January / February 2017 5

Madeleine Albright was sworn in as the United States Secretary of State, becoming the first woman to hold that position in American history.

AP PHOTO

“The Queen of Soul” Aretha Franklin was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the first woman to receive such an honor.

The FDA approved the use of orlistat, making available to the public the first overthe-counter weight loss drug Alli.

CARL COURT/PA WIRE (PRESS ASSOCIATION VIA AP IMAGES)

AP PHOTO

1987

1997

2007

At age 25, racecar driver Jeff Gordon became the youngest winner in Daytona 500 history.

AP PHOTO/CHRIS O’MEARA

Pop artist Andy Warhol died at the age of 58 following routine gallbladder surgery in New York City.

AP PHOTO

Apple CEO and founder Steve Jobs announced the revolutionary first generation iPhone during his keynote address at the Macworld Conference & Expo in San Francisco.

AP PHOTO/PAUL SAKUMA

6 American Senior

King Tut Was a Blockbuster Museum Exhibition

JOSE LUCAS / ALAMY STOCK PHOTO, AP PHOTO/CHARLES KNOBLOCK

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pproximately 3,300 years after his death, Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun, nicknamed King Tut, became a cultural phenomenon in the US. From November 1976 to April 1979, more than eight million visitors visited “Treasures of Tutankhamun” as it made its way to six American cities, beginning at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, then traveling to Chicago’s Field Museum of Natural History, New Orleans Museum of Art, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and Seattle Center’s Flag Pavilion, and finishing at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

The exhibition served as a gift of friendship from Egypt to the US in its bicentennial year, originally negotiated

by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in an effort to strengthen diplomatic ties.

The 55 priceless artifacts from the tomb were transported in secret from Alexandria, Egypt to Norfolk, Virginia by the US Navy ships, USS Milwaukee and USS Sylvania.

At each museum, the exhibition was organized to appear much like the layout of the tomb when it was discovered in 1922 by archaeologists Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon. Of the nearly five dozen items from

TOP: THE WAIT TO VIEW THE EXHIBITION COULD BE UP TO SEVEN HOURS AT THE FIELD MUSEUM. LEFT: THE FUNERARY MASK OF TUTANKHAMUN, 14TH CENTURY.

the burial chamber on display, the most regarded was the spectacular 22-pound gold mask that sat upon King Tut’s sarcophagus for centuries.

When the exhibition opened at the National Gallery, the line wrapped around the three-blocklong building and ticketholders faced a four hour wait. In Chicago, visitors could expect up to a seven hour wait. By the time it ended in New York City, the line extended down Fifth Avenue from 80th Street down to 59th Street, stretching over a mile-and-a-half.

January / February 2017 7

Did You Know?

FASCINATING FACTS TO KNOW AND TELL

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century ago, John Lloyd Wright, the second son of architect Frank Lloyd Wright, came up with the concept for what would become the classic toy Lincoln Logs.

The toy sets for building small forts and buildings using interlocking miniature log beams were inspired by the elder Wright’s earthquake-proof design for the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo.

John Lloyd Wright began marketing his toy invention under his newly formed Red Square Toy Company (named after his father’s famous symbol). He applied for a patent on the “toy-cabin construction” in 1920, and trademarked the name three years later. The original sales slogan was 8 American Senior

“Interesting playthings typifying the spirit of America.” Made out of redwood, each set came with instructions on how to build President Abraham Lincoln’s childhood home as well as Uncle Tom’s cabin.

The toy’s patent was later sold to Playskool for a mere $800. In 1953, Lincoln Logs were one of the first toys to be advertised on television when they were promoted on the television show Pioneer Playhouse.

In 1999, Lincoln Logs and John Lloyd Wright were entered into the National Toy Hall of Fame.

Since 2014, Lincoln Logs are once again produced in the US.

CHRIS WILLSON/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO;ROBERT HILLS/123RF, FLO SMITH/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO

A Brief History of Lincoln Logs

PICKLEBALL FEVER Pickleball is as fun as the name implies. It is a racquet game played on a court and is a mix of tennis, badminton, and table tennis; it is easy to learn and appeals to all ages and skill levels. In the past half century, pickleball has evolved from a game using handmade equipment into a popular competitive sport.

The origins of pickleball began in Bainbridge Island, Washington in 1965. Three fathers—former US Congressman and Lieutenant Governor Joel Pritchard, William Bell, and Barney McCallum—improvised a game for their families using a Whiffle ball, badminton net, and handmade paddles fashioned from plywood found in a shed.

As they played, the rules evolved. Eventually more friends and neighbors became acquainted with it, making their own paddles with a wood jigsaw and marine plywood. Those who had access to badminton courts simply lowered the net while others set up courts in their driveways and backyards by drawing lines with chalk.

In 1975, The National Observer published the first article about pickleball, and the following year Tennis magazine described it as “America’s newest racquet sport.” In 1984, the USA Pickleball Association (USAPA) was organized and the first rulebook was published. That same year, the first composite paddle was produced. In 2001, the game was introduced in the Arizona Senior Olympics and drew 100 players, the largest event ever played to that point. Pickleball was included for the first time in the National Senior Games in Providence, Rhode Island in 2008. Today, there are an estimated 2.5-million pickleball players in the US, which is estimated to grow to be 8 million players by 2018. According to the USAPA, virtually every state and Canadian province has pickleball venues, with 12,668 pickleball courts currently in North America.

LAUGHTER FOR THE LOVE OF YOUR HEART

Researchers are just beginning to understand all that laughter can do to promote heart health.

Laughter, along with an active sense of humor, may help protect you against a heart attack, according to a study by cardiologists at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore. The study found that people who had either suffered a heart attack or undergone coronary artery bypass surgery were 40 percent less likely to laugh in a variety of situations compared to people of the same age without heart disease. People with heart disease generally laughed less, even in positive situations, and they displayed more anger and hostility.

Research seems to show that laughter can decrease stress hormones, reduce artery inflammation, and increase HDL (the “good” cholesterol) according to the American Heart Association (AHA). And the positive effects of laughter can last 24 hours.

It may be possible to incorporate laughter into our daily activities by reading something humorous, watching a comedy, and remaining social. People laugh primarily during social interactions with others and the amount of laughter depends on how much time an individual spends interacting with others.

January / February 2017 9

HEALTH & WELLNESS

Three Essential Yoga Stretches for Lower Back Pain

A

By Katherine Adams

lmost everyone has suffered from lower back pain at some point in life. Since relieving it with medication is often ineffective and not always an option for many of us, a huge—and profitable—industry has been devoted to selling us things like special pillows and massage devices that could possibly help (or not).

Unfortunately, even when these are effective, they often do not work to get rid of our pain entirely.

Yoga has long been touted as a way to strengthen and tone the body. But as it has become more popular in the US, we have been increasingly inundated with imagery of sweating fitness buffs doing strenuous and seemingly impossible yoga poses while in a group setting at gyms and studios.

That type of yoga isn’t for everyone, and it goes against what yoga was originally: a quiet and gradual softening of the body designed to clear a path for meditation. Without straining or hurting the body, the yoga practitioner moves into specific poses in order to circulate the blood and energy, free the body of its aches, and open the mind and heart. Sure, intense practices and gravity-defying poses can come about after years of training. But those things are for the experienced yogis. For the rest, yoga can offer a gentle solution for inflexible and painful muscles, easy enough to do at home and at any time of the day. A few, light movements can really help with lower back pain and get the energy focused into this area of the body, where so many of us suffer from aches and stiffness.

10 American Senior

There are three movements that can help alleviate lower back pain that only take about 5 to 10 minutes to complete, but could potentially make a huge difference in the way your back feels.

As always, you should check with your medical professional before engaging in any kind of new exercise. If you are not sure exactly how to move your body into the poses without straining, a yoga teacher, preferably one who has special experience with gentle yoga, can help. The poses suggested here can be modified and include instructions for people sitting in a chair.

Never attempt a pose that feels uncomfortable.

Every pose should follow a path of relaxation. If the muscle is tight at first, breathe deeply as you mentally focus on the muscle; fill your lungs with air, then exhale, telling your body to relax. Never go so far into a pose that you cannot get back out of it the same way you moved into it. If you feel your body falling, or moving out of alignment, lessen the stretch—you have not relaxed into the pose, you have only compensated in another direction and this could cause strain or injury.

1. SEATED HALF TWIST

One of the best poses for lower back pain is the sitting half twist. Almost anyone can do it and all it requires is gently twisting the body to one side and then the other.

To start Either on a chair or on the floor, sit with a neutral spine. Your back should not slouch

1

or arch; lift up from your rib cage and relax the shoulders. The crown of your head should feel like it is being gently pulled up by a string, leaving your chin only slightly tucked.

The movement If you are seated on the floor, the legs may be crossed or straight. If they are crossed, it is possible to follow the above steps.

For a slightly more intense stretch, you may bend one leg and move the foot to the outside of the opposite leg, placing it on the floor next to the thigh. This can be done with either crossed or straight legs. If this is too intense, it is also possible to bend one leg without crossing it over the other. Gently twist on the same side as the leg that is bent, following the above sequence. You may place the hand of the same side on the floor behind you for support, as long as the shoulders do not rise and back does not slouch. You may rest the opposite hand in your lap or gently move the arm over the bent leg to press it along the outer thigh of the bent leg, using the pressing arm to deepen the twist.

Chair modification While seated in a chair, take a deep breath and exhale as you gently twist from your waist to one side, placing your opposite hand on either your leg or the chair seat.

Continue the movement from the waist through your shoulders and finally gently turn your neck to your comfort level, looking back over your shoulder if possible. Slowly deepen the pose through a series of breaths, closing your eyes, inhaling and exhaling as you actively twist. Once your are at you level of intensity, take a few deep, slow breaths.

Coming out of the pose When you are ready, come out of the pose in the same sequence: head, neck, chest, and finally ribs and waist. Take a moment to feel your body before repeating this on the other side.

2. CAT/COW

This is another very basic movement that increases the flexibility of the entire length of the spine. Without a chair modification, it January / February 2017 11

HEALTH & WELLNESS

2

requires getting down on your hands and knees, so make sure you are not suffering from knee problems and that you have a soft rug or mat beneath you.

The movement Once on hands and knees, make sure the hands are directly under your shoulders and your knees directly below your hips. Achieve a neutral spine, not sagging or arching. Do not slouch into your shoulders: your shoulders should be strong and your neck long.

Slowly bow the back, lifting the tailbone and head up. Passing back through a neutral spine, slowly move in the opposite direction, arching the back by tucking the head and tailbone. Repeat this movement as many times as you wish, slowly, and using inhalations and exhalations to guide you.

Chair modification Sitting upright with a neutral spine, place both feet firmly on the floor, rest the hands on the tops of the thighs, and gently bow the back. Be careful not to tense the neck and shoulders. If comfortable, let the head slowly fall back. Breathing deeply, move through neutral 12 American Senior

position to arch the back, letting you head fall to the chest, pulling in the stomach, and slightly tucking the tailbone. Repeat as desired.

3. SEATED FORWARD BEND

This pose is a bit more intense in that it also engages the gluteal muscles (i.e. glutes) and hamstrings, large muscle groups that can get very tense. It can be done seated on the floor or in a chair.

The movement While sitting on the floor, extend your legs straight out in front of you, but make sure you can support the correct spinal posture in this position. As you go through the first inhalation described above, make sure your spine remains straight and arms overhead as you fold forward. When you have reached your limit, take another deep breath and exhale while you let your arms rest where they are comfortable, and then allow the shoulders and neck to relax. Take a few more breaths in the pose. If you find your muscles loosening, without sitting all the way up, use the

3

inhale to lift your arms over your head again, lift the neck and shoulders from their deep stretch, and then exhale, reaching longer and deepening into the forward fold. Repeat the steps to relax.

Chair modification While seated in a chair, plant you feet firmly on the floor and make sure your spine is engaged and supported by your abdominals, yet neutral. Take a deep breath.

Lifting the rib cage and filling the chest, raise your arms over your head stretching up, and slowly exhale while folding forward from the waist. Do not bend so far as to throw yourself off balance and tumble off the chair; rather, round your back and, if able, place your hands on the floor to either side of your feet. Blocks or pillows placed there can help if you have trouble with this part.

Coming out of the pose If you are seated in a chair, you can slowly roll up to sitting. If you are on the floor with straight legs, when you are ready to come out, inhale lifting the arms, neck, and shoulders, then carefully and with a straight back, use the inhale to pull your

body back up to sitting. If this is too difficult, you can slowly roll up.

Additional modifications and cautions For the floor-level seated forward bend, it is sometimes easier—for those with flexible hips—to have one leg bent with the sole of the foot touching the inside of the opposite thigh. Make sure to switch legs to stretch both sides. It is also possible to use a chair in front of you (your legs going though the chair legs) to place your hands on so you don’t extend too far but still are able to get a deep stretch. Keeping the extended legs straight, the knee pointing up (not falling to the inside or flopping out) is important; but do not hyper-extend. Go only as far into the pose as you are able while keeping the legs straight.

This is an active pose, so it may require using the muscles to make sure the leg stays extended forward from the hip without bending. It may mean that you do not bend as far over the leg, which is okay. With practice, the legs will become stronger and the muscles more supple, naturally deepening the bend. ■ January / February 2017 13

DR. LORI STEVIC-RUST

S

agging skin, wrinkles, diminished eyesight, and so much more are the beautiful and visible reminders of aging. But it isn’t just the outside that ages—the brain ages, too.

With the passing years, the brain shrinks in size, changing the speed and ability at times for processing complex information. For example, we may find ourselves entering a room and forgetting what we were looking for or finding that somebody’s name or a word takes much longer to recall.

A delay in recall or becoming more vulnerable to inattention due to distractions can be a normal part of an aging brain.

However, what is not a normal part of aging is short-term memory loss—forgetting information in 30 second to 2 minute intervals of time, significant changes in use of language, getting lost in familiar settings, or impairments in judgment and reasoning skills. These can all be signs of vascular or frontal lobe impairments, or diseases such as Alzheimer’s, and should be evaluated by a professional.

To keep our brains healthy well into our later years, we need to focus on preventative wellness.

Many of the same things we need to do to keep our hearts healthy are the same for the brain—eating healthy, exercising, and remaining socially active.

However, there are some additional factors to 14 American Senior

consider when focusing on the health of our brains.

The human brain is powered with 100 billion nerve cells or neurons that communicate with each other through electrical and chemical processes.

Each neuron can create or form thousands of links resulting in a staggering 100 trillion synapses or connections. We used to believe that the brain was hard-wired and after a certain developmental stage, no changes were possible. However, with the development of better neuroimaging technology like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we can now visually see how the brain can reorganize itself. The ability of the brain to reorganize itself both functionally and structurally simply by changing our thoughts, emotions, behavior, and environment is called neuroplasticity.

Neuroplasticity is what allows the brain to recover after strokes or injuries as the brain can create new neuronal connection to compensate around the damaged connections. For example, the more we practice a task or repeat a thought, the more intense neuronal connections are made. When we engage in routine and over learned behaviors, the brain becomes lazy and disinterested in making new connections. But creating new connections is important to overall brain health.

SCIENCE & SOCIETY PICTURE LIBRARY/SSPL/GETTY IMAGES

Keep Your Aging Brain Strong

Many of us take pride in our ability to multitask and actually may criticize those who are only able to do one thing at time. Recent research has demonstrated that when we think we are multitasking or engaging in several tasks simultaneously, our brains are actually switching back and forth between tasks and ultimately wasting brainpower. Yep, it turns out that our poor brains are using tremendous energy moving back and forth between the multiple tasks that we are trying to simultaneously engage in and in the process losing valuable resources.

We all have our peak times of the day—those times when we feel most rested, clear in our thinking, and focused. For morning people, their peak time may be in the early hours, while for others, it may be late in the evening. During these peaks hours is when we are most able to solve analytic problems that require deep concentration and a systematic approach, like solving a math problem. However, it is also important to exercise the creative part of our brains. Researchers suggest that insight oriented problems or creation of concepts requires some distractions. That’s right, periods of distractions and fatigue may also be good for our brains. Here is how it works: When we are at our peak times, we are laser-focused and able to filter out most distractions. This allows us to remain attentive and solve complex analytic problems. But during our off-peak times when we are fatigued, our mind may move from distraction to distraction, leaving us less focused on one thing. It is during these times that the brain is free to make new connections between seemingly unrelated topics. This is where creativity, innovation, and insight can develop.

The creation of new connections in the brain is at the core of “out of the box” problem-solving and insight orientated solutions. Further, the establishment of new neuronal connections keeps the brain strong.

Protect your brain by eating healthy proteins, leafy green vegetables, dark chocolate, and Omega-3 rich foods like salmon and lentils. Stay hydrated. Laugh often. Exercise regularly. Create new ideas, friendships, and experiences and your brain will thank you. ■

A FEW SIMPLE TECHNIQUES FOR INCREASING NEUROPLASTICITY • Learn a new skill, preferably one that engages both hemispheres of the brain like learning to play a musical instrument, juggling, or practicing ambidextrous activities like brushing your teeth with your non-dominant hand.

• Take a new route to work to force the brain out of over-learned routine and patterns.

• Practice focused attention by listening more closely to conversations and taking in details.

Similarly, take in moments or experiences with all of your senses—this activates new neuronal pathways.

• Physically exercise several times a week for 20 to 30 minutes to improve blood flow to the brain, which facilitates the process of neuroplasticity.

• Create new experiences—make new friends, laugh, and rely on humor.

January / February 2017 15

FACING ALZHEIMER’S

Sharing Personal History To Make Meaningful Moments Photo Albums May Help Those with Dementia Connect with Caregivers

J

oan is living with Alzheimer’s disease.

Today, Bill, her husband of 55 years and her primary caregiver, is taking Joan to a doctor’s appointment. Walking out the front door, Bill picks up a small photo album from the hallway table and tucks it into his coat pocket.

The album, titled “Joan’s Favorite Places,” contains vacation photos and will come in handy if Joan becomes restless while waiting at the doctor’s office. Joan can’t always describe where or when the photos were taken or who the people are, but her eyes still light up, and 16 American Senior

she smiles at each new page. The album reminds Bill—especially when he’s tired from caregiving— of the many wonderful experiences he and Joan have shared.

Photo albums containing the personal history of someone living with Alzheimer’s or another dementia are easy-to-use and enjoyable tools at any stage of the disease. Sam Fazio, Ph.D., director of Constituent Services at the Alzheimer’s Association, says photo albums can help create meaningful interactions between people with dementia and those who care for them.

COURTESY OF THE ALZHEIMER’S ASSOCIATION, JELENA PAVLOVSKA/123RF

“Early in the disease, photo albums are a good way to get people talking,” Dr. Fazio says. “At the middle stage, you may notice the person is using fewer words as you review the album together. As the disease progresses, people may not respond verbally. Their expressions and body language can tell you how they’re feeling and give you clues about what to say.”

Dr. Fazio emphasizes that the purpose of using a photo album to create conversation is to make a personal connection; the album shouldn’t be used to quiz the person or to make him or her feel uncomfortable for not knowing something.

“Follow the person’s lead and be ready for surprises,” he says. “Someone may say, ‘I never lived in that house!’ or ‘That’s not my brother.’

Don’t correct the person. Instead, comment on something else in the photo, like the flowers in front of the home. Go with where the person is at the moment.”

Keep the album handy by placing it on a coffee table or bedside where the person living with dementia, caregivers, family, friends and visitors will see it. Some people may want to look at their album daily, while once or twice a week may be enough for others.

Use open-ended questions and statements about the photos, such as: “Tell me about your brother” or “What do you like about this house?” People in the early stage and middle stage of Alzheimer’s may be talkative, so listen and respond to the person’s statements and reactions.

In the later stage, if the person isn’t verbal, you can share your own memories about the photos. Watch the person’s expression to gauge his or her emotional reaction and then comment; “Look at that smile! That must have been a special day” or “I notice you seem sad as you look at that photo of your dog.” Such observations can lead to meaningful interaction.

At any stage of the disease, monitor the

person’s attention level and fatigue. Don’t press on if he or she loses interest or becomes agitated.

The most important part of the story you share with someone facing Alzheimer’s is your care and attention in the moment. ■

PERSONAL PHOTO ALBUMS DON’T HAVE TO BE COMPLICATED OR FANCY. IN FACT, SIMPLE IS BETTER • Involve the person with dementia as much as possible in selecting photos from key life events such as births, graduations, weddings, etc.

• Place only one or two photos on each page to make it easier for the person with dementia to focus.

• Order pictures chronologically so anyone using the album can follow the person’s life history.

• Consider making a smaller, portable album to complement a larger one that remains at home.

• Label all albums clearly with the person’s name.

• Show relationships to people and places. This can be done with sections, such as “Grandchildren” or “My Homes.” Sections can be used on their own if the person connects with a certain era or subject on a particular day.

January / February 2017 17

W

e all remember our big “firsts”—first car, first kiss, first house. Likewise, we remember big historical firsts, including where we were or what we were doing when the Beatles began the British Invasion on The Ed Sullivan Show (February 9, 1964), when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin first walked on the Moon (July

20, 1969), and when the new millennium began amid all the Y2K craziness (January 1, 2000).

Many more firsts, however, deserve acknowledgment. While we might not remember the smaller firsts that make up our lives like the first shooting star we saw, the first bite we took of our favorite dessert, or the first time we tied our shoelaces, there

By Melissa Mayntz 18 American Senior

are plenty of fun and quirky American firsts that are a part of the unique history and culture of our great country.

These are just a few of the less often remembered, but no less influential, American firsts that we may have experienced ourselves. What firsts are yet to come as America continues to make history?

NASA, 123RF, BRENDA CARSON/123RF

AMERICAN FIRSTS OF THE LAST CENTURY

1925 Highway Numbers and Signs Standardized

Who doesn’t remember the infamous family road trip?

Whether you use a road atlas or GPS, before the highway signs were standardized, finding the way from one point to another was much more difficult. Today, there are more than 164,000 miles of highways that are clearly marked thanks to this standardization.

1927 Automatic Bread Slicer Invented

We would never know what the greatest thing since sliced bread could be if Otto Frederick Rohwedder hadn’t invented the first commercial bread slicer in

Davenport, Iowa. A few kinks still needed to be worked out of his design but the first bread was officially sliced and packaged by this turning point invention a year later.

1938 U.S. Federal Minimum Wage Established

We all remember our first job and may even remember our first wages, and certainly that first paycheck. But do you remember what you had to be paid for that work? When the federal minimum wage first became law

under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, it was just 25 cents per hour. Today, employees new to the job market must be paid at least $7.25 per hour.

1938 Chocolate Chip Cookie Invented

From school lunches to elaborate gourmet options, chocolate chip cookies are the most popular type of cookie in America, but not until 1938.

Chef Ruth Graves Wakefield, owner of the Toll House Inn in Whitman, Massachusetts, is January / February 2017 19

AMERICAN FIRSTS credited with inventing the first chocolate chip cookie, the Toll House Cookie, as a new baking treat for her restaurant patrons.

1940 First Social Security Check Issued

Social Security can be a hot button issue during any political year, and it’s a welcome source of income to many Americans.

The very first individual to receive a payment was Ida May Fuller of Vermont, when her $22.54 check was issued in 1940.

Today, more than 65 million Americans receive some form of Social Security income.

1946 ENIAC Debuted

Computers are an integral part of our lives—not just home computers, but computers in cell phones, cars, tablets, televisions, and more. The first electronic digital computer, ENIAC, was built using nearly 18,000 vacuum tubes at the University of Pennsylvania, and it began computations in 1946.

Its structure filled a room the size of a gymnasium.

1951 First Tupperware Party Held

Tupperware was invented by chemist Earl Tupper in 1946 but it wasn’t until Florida housewife Brownie Wise held the first Tupperware party in 1951 that this kitchen storage staple became noteworthy. This began an era of in-home sales parties that is still 20 American Senior

popular today, whether clothing, jewelry, house wares, candles, or other products are showcased.

1958 Hula Hoop Introduced

Every one of us loved a trendy toy at some point in our childhood, and the Hula Hoop was one of the biggest hits. The plastic hoop was introduced by Wham-O in 1958, and more than 100 million hoops were sold in the first year. Fads come and go, but the Hula Hoop remains popular today not just as a toy but also for dance and exercise.

1959 Transcontinental Jet Service Began

Security lines, delays, and luggage fees make flying a hassle, but before 1959 flying across the country wasn’t an option.

On January 25, 1959, American Airlines flew 112 passengers in

a Boeing 707 from Los Angeles to New York City for the first nonstop transcontinental flight.

Today, hundreds of flights from different hubs transport thousands of passengers across the country each day.

1967 Super Bowl I

Football, morphed from rugby in the 1880s, is a uniquely American sport. It wasn’t until 1967, however, that the first championship game was played on January 15 in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, where the Green Bay Packers defeated the Kansas City Chiefs 35–10.

Today, the Super Bowl is one of the most watched sporting events of the year, every year.

1975 Wheel of Fortune Debuted One of the most popular game shows of all time, Wheel of

SOME MORE AMERICAN FIRSTS THAT BECAME AMERICAN ICONS IN THE LAST CENTURY 1931 New York City’s Empire State Building was completed,

becoming the world’s tallest building until 1970.

1938 Superman first appeared in the comic book Action Comics #1.

1939 The T-shirt, introduced as an undergarment by the US Navy,

was first seen as a printed shirt in the film The Wizard of Oz. 1939 An American audience first experienced a 3D movie at the

World’s Fair in New York City.

1941 Food scientist Lester Borchardt at General Mills invented

Cheerios, originally named Cheerioats.

1944 Woody Guthrie recorded his folk song, This Land Is Your Land.

AP PHOTO, NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AMERICAN HISTORY, AP PHOTO/NFL PHOTOS, KEYSTONE PICTURES USA / ALAMY STOCK PHOTO , EVAN-AMOS

1948 Polaroid introduced the first commercial instant camera,

the model 95 Land Camera.

Fortune has been a gaming favorite since 1975. The show went through several daytime guises, and Pat Sajak and Vanna White first became hosts in 1981. The nighttime syndicated version first aired in 1983. To date, more than 6,000 Wheel of Fortune episodes have aired.

1983 Chicken McNuggets Introduced

McDonald’s is an American icon, from Egg McMuffins to Happy Meals. In 1983, a new favorite was added to the menu with the introduction of the Chicken McNugget.

Coming in four shapes—the boot, ball, bow-tie and bell—these nuggets are now available worldwide with different dipping sauces and even some unusual flavors in exotic markets. ■

1950 Dr. Richard H. Lawler performed the first successful kidney

transplant in Chicago.

1951 I Love Lucy, starring Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz, made its premier.

1954 Alfred E. Neuman, the mascot of Mad magazine, appeared

on the first cover.

1962 Andy Warhol’s work of art, Campbell’s Soup Can, was exhibited.

1962 The first Walmart store opened in Rogers, Arkansas.

1963 Betty Friedan’s groundbreaking feminist book, The Feminine Mystique, was published.

1969 The Woodstock festival happened on a private 600-acre

dairy farm with 400,000 in attendance.

1971 The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in Seattle.

1977 Star Wars debuted in movie theaters.

1982 The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC was completed.

1989 The World Wide Web was invented.

2000 Scientists began mapping the human genome.

2004 Facebook was created.

Melissa Mayntz is a Florida-based freelance writer who clearly remembers her first day of high school, is married to her first love and is still waiting for that first trip around the world. Learn more at MelissaMayntz.com.

January / February 2017 21

Life Inside the White House

P

By Christina Burns

resident Gerald Ford called it “the best public housing I’ve ever seen.” It is one of the most famous buildings in the world, appearing on the back of the $20 bill, and it’s been referred to as the “Presidential Palace,” the “President’s House,” and the “Executive Mansion.” Early on, it was given the nickname The White House, which described its exterior finish, and Theodore Roosevelt made that its official name in 1901.

George Washington was the only President not to reside at the White House—his presidency ended and he died before its completion—but he did select the site and gave his approval of the Georgian design for the mansion submitted by Irish-born architect James Hoban. Construction began in 1792 and eight years later, President John Adams and his wife Abigail moved in. During his presidency, Thomas Jefferson proposed adding the East and West Wings with connecting colonnades to the Residence.

The White House has survived two fires: the first at the hands of the British in 1814 when it was nearly destroyed, and another in the West Wing during Herbert Hoover’s presidency in 1929.

Shortly after moving in, Harry Truman discovered that the building was structural unsound so the interior of the house, with the exception of the third floor, was completely gutted, renovated, and made fireproof while the First Family took up residence at Blair House. Jacqueline Kennedy directed an extensive and historic redecoration of the house, which she shared in a televised tour in 1962. Since then, a congressionally authorized committee has been formed to approve any changes to the State Rooms.

With each presidency, the White House has been slightly altered to suit the President and First 22 American Senior

Family’s lifestyles. Franklin Roosevelt installed the house’s first swimming pool to use for therapy.

The Johnsons created the Children’s Garden and since then, the footprints and handprints of Presidents’ children and grandchildren are embedded in the garden’s paved pathway. Ronald Reagan set up an exercise room in the small West Bedroom.

Hillary Clinton converted a third floor room into a sound-dampened music room for Bill. Shortly after taking office, Barack and Michelle Obama surprised their young daughters with a swing set placed within sight of the Oval Office.

And nearly every President has had at least one Presidential Pet. The first White House dog to receive regular newspaper coverage was

GEORGE W. BUSH LIBRARY (LEWISVILLE, TX)/US NATIONAL ARCHIVES

The American flag flies at half-staff over the White House at sunrise Friday, Sept. 14, 2001, as counterassault team members are posted on the roof.

Warren G. Harding’s dog Laddie Boy. FDR’s Scottish terrier Fala was so popular that a secretary was appointed to answer the thousands of pieces of mail he received. Millie Bush, a cocker spaniel, was the “author” of The New York Times No.1 best-seller, Millie’s Book: As Dictated to Barbara Bush.

Though the President and his family aren’t charged for rent, utilities, transportation, security, and medical care while living in the White House, they are billed monthly for personal groceries and food prepared by White House cooks, clothing, toiletries, and services like dry cleaning. That practice dates back to 1800 when there was no official staff so Presidents brought their own

household staff and paid for everything. Congress gradually began spending money to maintain an official White House staff to oversee operations and maintenance, but Presidents continue to pay for personal expenses. Taxpayers only pay for official government functions at the White House, like state dinners.

The White House represents so many things.

It is the private home of the President and First Family. Numerous guests, many of them distinguished, have been entertained there for over two centuries. It is also the principal workplace for the President and has been the scene of many significant events. And, it is a symbol of our country’s rich history and a true national treasure.  January / February 2017 23

WHITE HOUSE

▲ The most important painting in the White House collection is the 1797 fulllength portrait of George Washington

by Gilbert Stuart. During the War of 1812, First Lady Dolley Madison abandoned her personal belongings but saved the painting from British troops, who looted and then set fire to the White House.

▲ The White House as it looked following the conflagration of August 24, 1814 as depicted in George Munger’s watercolor, The President’s House.

A watercolor painted in 1827 by an anonymous artist depicts the White House and its grounds including Thomas Jefferson’s stone walls, workers’ cottages, an orchard, President John Quincy Adam’s tree nursery, and the South Portico, constructed in 1824 during the Monroe administration.

President Abraham Lincoln and his youngest son, Thomas “Tad” Lincoln, in the last photograph that President Lincoln sat for, 1865.

24 American Senior

PHOTO CREDITS TK

urces for the war s to conserve reso an ic er m A e ag ur wn mowers To enco Wilson replaced la ow dr oo W t en id effort, Pres s also auctioned The flock’s wool wa p. ee sh of ck 18. flo a with r the Red Cross, 19 off to raise funds fo

▲ On Washington’s Birthday in 1837, President Andrew Jackson served a giant 1,400-pound wheel of cheese during his last public White House reception. The cheese was consumed within two hours.

▲ President Theodore Roosevelt with his “Tennis Cabinet,” the group of young staffers with whom he enjoyed playing sports, 1909.

▼ First Lady Ida Saxton McKinley in the White House Conservatory. Mrs. McKinley suffered from epilepsy and often took refuge from the public in the Conservatory because of the greenhouse’s privacy and splendor, 1900.

▲ President Warren G. Harding with fifty prominent members of the New National Woman’s Party asking for the President’s aid in passing a bill that would give women full equality in the government service, give married women citizenship in their own right, and make women of the District of Columbia eligible to serve on juries, equal guardianship rights, and equal rights of inheritance and contract, 1921.

CREDITS: WHITE HOUSE COLLECTION/WHITE HOUSE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, THE WHITE HOUSE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (WHITE HOUSE COLLECTION), LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (6), NATIONAL ARCHIVES

January / February 2017 25

WHITE HOUSE

▲ First Lady Grace Coolidge introducing her pet raccoon, Rebecca, to a group of children attending the White House Easter Egg Roll, 1927.

▲ President Herbert Hoover, with First Lady Lou Henry Hoover and Gilbert Grosvenor, presenting the National Geographic Society Gold Medal to Amelia Earhart for becoming the first woman (and the only person since Charles Lindbergh) to achieve a solo transatlantic flight, June 21, 1932.

▲ President Harry S. Truman in the Oval Office reading the announcement of the surrender of Japan to the press.

 President Dwight D. Eisenhower, First Lady Mamie Eisenhower, Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain, and Prince Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh, posing at the White House Grand Staircase before a state dinner, October 17, 1957. ▲ President Franklin D. Roosevelt signing a number of bills at a desk in the East Sitting Hall, June 8, 1936.  First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt (right), actress Mary Pickford (left) and Mrs. Winifred Reed (center), wife of Stanley Reed, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court during a broadcast in the Diplomatic Reception Room to launch an initiative against infantile paralysis or polio, January 6, 1940.

26 American Senior

▲ Danny Kaye and President Lyndon B. Johnson sharing a laugh after unveiling the Head Start Program, June 30, 1965.

Caroline Kennedy and John F. Kennedy, Jr. playing in the Oval Office as President John F. Kennedy looks on, 1962.

▼ Elvis Presley meeting with President Richard Nixon in order to obtain a badge from the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, which he later received, December 21, 1970.

 President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy attending Mrs. Kennedy’s series of Musical Programs for Youth by Youth, April 16, 1962.

 President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s dog, Fala, photographing the photographers, April 7, 1942.

▲ President Gerald Ford monitoring the evacuation of American citizens from Beirut, Lebanon in the early morning hours. Also present are left to right: National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft, Counselor John Marsh, Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs William G. Hyland and Chief of Staff Dick Cheney.

CREDITS: H.E. FRENCH/LIBRARY OF CONGRESS/CORBIS/VCG VIA GETTY IMAGES, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM/NARA, ABBIE ROWE, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE/HARRY S. TRUMAN LIBRARY & MUSEUM , AP PHOTO (2), NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (2), NATIONAL ARCHIVES (2), STANLEY TRETICK LLC/CORBIS VIA GETTY IMAGES, ROBERT KNUDSEN/JOHN F. KENNEDY PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM/NARA, JOHN F. KENNEDY PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM/NARA

January / February 2017 27

WHITE HOUSE

▲ President Jimmy Carter greeting Mohammed Ali at a White House dinner celebrating the signing of the Panama Canal Treaty, September 7, 1977.

▲ First Lady Barbara Bush and her dog, Millie, preparing for the state dinner for Prime Minister and Mrs. Hawke of Australia, June 27, 1989.

▲ President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan decorating the family Christmas tree in the West Sitting Hall, the private quarters of the first family, 1983.

28 American Senior

President George H.W. Bush during the dedication of the new horseshoe pit on the White House lawn, 1989. ▲ President William “Bill” Clinton, First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, and First Daughter Chelsea Clinton taking a walk with their dog, Buddy, on the White House lawn.

President Barack Obama taking a moment with Ella Rhodes, daughter of Deputy National Security Advisor Ben Rhodes, in her elephant costume that she was wearing for a Halloween event at the White House, October 30, 2015.

▲ President Bush, with First Lady Laura Bush who served as the National Ambassador of “The Heart Truth” campaign, signs the Presidential Proclamation of Honor for American Heart Month, 2007.

CREDITS: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (2), RONALD REAGAN PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM/NARA, AP PHOTO/BARRY THUMMA, AP PHOTO/GERALD HERBERT, WILLIAM J. CLINTON LIBRARY/NARA, OFFICIAL WHITE HOUSE PHOTO BY PETE SOUZA

January / February 2017 29

THE CHANGING AMERICAN DIET

ISTOCK

By Katherine Adams

30 American Senior A American Senior

TODAY’S AMERICAN DIET LOOKS A LOT DIFFERENT THAN IT USED TO. Nowadays it is all about choice and convenience— packaged cereals and chips, canned, frozen or fresh fruits and vegetables, frozen meals, any number of drinks, ready-made foods, and huge varieties of ingredients from all around the world available in large, well-lit stores. Many of us remember farm-raised vegetables and fresh eggs that were part of our daily diet when we were young. Meat may have been a less frequent dish on the table, perhaps reserved for Sundays or special occasions. Others of us grew up in cities, where the grocer or butcher’s shop served as intermediaries from the farms where the food was raised. Indeed, before World War II, “farm-to-table” was not the latest in restaurant trends, as it is today. For most Americans, it was a way of life.

How Americans eat today is very distant from the typical meals of Americans in the 18th, 19th, and even early 20th century. Yet, how did we arrive at this American food culture?

We begin way back, in the 17th and 18th centuries. Across the colonies, early American settlers, most of who were British, continued to cook as they did in England. In order to maintain their “Britishness,” they loyally imported a great deal of foodstuffs from England and grew English crops. Typical breakfasts were bread with milk to drink and sometimes cheese. Dinner that evening was similar fare, consisting of bread and cheese, and mush or “hasty pudding.” The large meal was the mid-day supper, where, depending on one’s economic status, any variety of traditional puddings (usually savory, made with eggs and flour with meat, suet, etc., boiled or steamed into a solid mass), meats, and vegetables were served. Americans with greater economic status might see savory pies and pastries on the table. Common condiments included pickles and catsups. Wealthy households might have a second course with sweets, fried fruits, custards, and tarts. Beers and ciders were the typical beverages of working class and wealthy alike, either or both served at every meal. The sugar trade allowed rum to become more common, and many early Americans imbibed the alcohol, though it remained a luxury for most.

While not every early American was a farmer, agriculture and animal husbandry made up a huge portion of American domestic life and industry.

Americans held fast to the types of foods they were January / February 2017 31

AMERICAN DIET

used to from the Old Country— growing a little wheat (which did not fare well here although rice was grown in the South) and other grains, onions, carrots, cabbage, and so on—and they supplemented with indigenous sources such as berries, squashes, pumpkins and gourds, and local greens (potatoes were introduced from South America in the 18th century).

Corn proved very adaptable.

And grits, or hominy (traditional oatmeal made with corn), and cornbread joined English style dumplings and puddings. The northern colonies tended to boil and roast meat and vegetables together, while the South fried or boiled vegetables and meats separately. Southern food was generally more varied and spicier, incorporating as it did African cooking traditions. Pigs, it turned out, were easier to raise here than sheep, though the latter were kept in smaller numbers for wool and some mutton. Early Americans mostly hunted game for their meat until the American West opened up for cattle ranchers. Drying and salting meats and fish and pickling vegetables served to preserve food, especially in the North, where agriculture was more limited by seasons.

The 19th and early 20th centuries saw Americans further distinguishing themselves from the Europeans in developing their own dining culture. The opening of the American West saw the boom 32 American Senior

of corn and beef, sped on the new railway to rapidly growing urban centers for processing.

Large ports brought in exotic foods from around the world, like bananas. But farmers still carried their animals and produce to town and city markets daily, and bakers still filled their shelves with fresh bread. In 1802, the icebox was invented, allowing wealthier households to keep chilled foods, and ice cream soon became one of the most popular American desserts. Despite technological advancements and shifting populations, ingredients remained more or less the same and Americans still relied on their seasonal fare.

Numerous immigrants began to change the way Americans ate, introducing dishes from their home countries that today would be hard to imagine America to be without, including pizza and spaghetti, bagels, and frankfurters.

When bakeries began selling

pre-sliced bread in the 20th century, sandwiches became the embodiment of lunch foods, portable for workers and kids to take with them for their mid-day meal. Evening meals, usually with meat and two vegetables, became the largest meal of the day.

The two decades encompassing the Great Depression and WWII marked the decisive turning point for modern American food. These years of famine and rationing resulted in an acute fear of food shortages, even after the crises were over. Americans needed canned foods and staples with longer shelf lives.

We embraced preservatives as progress and sought more effective and cheaper ways to stock our pantries. Thanks to the War Food Administration, children received lunches in school. Additionally, farming was fast becoming antiquated, and in the spirit of modernism and the new economic boom of

STERN IMAGES, INC../ALAMY STOCK PHOTO, WILLIAM GOTTLIEB/CORBIS/CORBIS VIA GETTY IMAGES

LEFT: JELLO-MOLDS. RIGHT: THE TV DINNER, A NAME TRADEMARKED BY C.A. SWANSON & SONS WAS INTRODUCED IN 1953 AND REMAINED POPULAR INTO THE 1980S.

the 1950s, Americans eagerly bid their poor and laborious farming roots farewell as they made their way to the numerous housing developments outside of larger cities.

The introduction of refrigerators, freezers, and modern ovens to most American households in the 1950s simplified the lives of millions of women. TV dinners entered the American home, and were marketed as a way to bring families closer together; less time in the kitchen for moms meant more time with their kids. Grocery stores stocked with foods took huge amounts of work off the shoulders of mothers and wives, as well as reducing shopping time. The modern kitchen invoked dreams of what the future could hold.

Among the numerous mid-century American food

innovations, one of the most promising for futuristic foods was Jell-O. Although Jell-O had been around since 1897, the post-war era was now the time for enterprising chefs to create new recipes from the packaged and now easily refrigerated gelatin products.

Housewives crafted aspic rings laden with meat and vegetables, the centers piled high with fish mousse. Other ingredients that cut down on preparation time but lent themselves to new interpretations included spam and other canned meats, while canned soups provided rich bases for casseroles. The 1950s to 1970s could be called the decades of the Jell-O molds and casseroles: tuna, squash, broccoli, hamburger noodle, and so on.

Between the 1980s and today, fast food chains, huge grocery stores, prepared

food markets, and delis have made eating faster and easier.

Although the 1950s witnessed the growth of fast food and drive-ins—McDonalds was founded in the late 1940s, followed by Kentucky Fried Chicken in 1952, Burger King in 1954, and Pizza Hut in 1958—at their introduction, Americans only ate there occasionally. By the 1970s and 80s, American adolescents consumed almost three-quarters of their daily calories outside the home, and much of it in the form of junk food and fast food (the number decreased to 60% of their calories in the 1990s).

The cheapness of fast food restaurants made it a viable alternative for families who were short on time and money.

America’s small farming past along with seasonal and local dishes are becoming a thing of memory. However, in recent years, many Americans are seeking organic, hormone-free whole foods grown or raised on local farms. But this type of food does come with its own challenges. One of the largest issues is that such foods are more expensive.

On the other hand, American food historically has been about change. In the last half a century, we have had internationally inspired food trends like fondue and the ever-popular taco night. We have a world of cuisines at our fingertips, ready to integrate into new American traditions. ■ January / February 2017 33

The Great NormanPRODUCING Lear MORE

By Cristina Nascimento

THAN JUST GREAT TV

Archie Bunker, Maude, and George Jefferson are iconic fictionalized personalities, and their impact on the modern television sitcom and American popular culture is undisputed. These television characters were among the first to openly discuss the struggles affecting working families in America. Norman Lear, the father of television comedy and mastermind behind these groundbreaking characters, continues to influence the role television plays in the lives of all Americans. At 94 years old, Normal Lear is still pushing the envelope, bringing to light social issues affecting our country as a correspondent in the hit EPIX documentary series America Divided. Whether he’s creating or starring in a new hit series, lending his voice to social issues, or spending time with his family, he is always thinking about the next big step in his life.

Norman Lear’s life is the subject of the PBS American Masters series, Norman Lear: Just Another Version of You. In this uplifting documentary based on his best-selling memoir, viewers enjoy a rare behind-the-scenes look into how Mr. Lear successfully employed humor in his television sitcoms as a tool to awaken the social conscious of America.

Mr. Lear, the perennial entertainer, social activist, and proud father, spoke with American Senior about his latest exciting projects.

34 American Senior

American Senior You are the subject of the recently released documentary film Norman Lear: Just Another Version of You. Why did you decide to make a documentary about your life?

Norman Lear In the course of making a film like this, you must make 50,000 decisions.

The filmmakers, Rachel Grady and Heidi Ewing, didn’t make a poor one. I just thought it was a delicious film. I had nothing to do with it. I made the life, but they made the film.

The filmmakers read my memoir Even This I Get To Experience, and they went to PBS American Masters.

American Masters had approached me before about making a film but either I wasn’t ready or I didn’t feel as keenly with people that wanted to do it, as I felt about Rachel and Heidi.

I had seen a couple of their pieces and I thought they were brilliant. I’ll pride myself with making that decision.

January / February 2017 35

ZUMA PRESS, INC./ALAMY STOCK PHOTO

NORMAN LEAR

AS You left primetime television at the height of your success and became a social and political activist. What inspired you to dedicate yourself to that?

NL When my father went to jail. I learned through Father Coughlin [a radio priest known for his anti-Semitic views] that 36 American Senior

people either didn’t like me or hated me because I was Jewish… because I was born to Jewish parents. I had nothing to do with that. The fact is, I learned at nine that people hated me because of who my parents were and who I was. At the same time, I was taking civics classes. Every kid in American public schools learned civics. So I learned about my Declaration of Independence and I would underline the word “my” here. My Declaration,

the war came and I enlisted. I never finished college but that word “father” that came to me out through the founding fathers has been a key word in my life.

You see my family at the end of the documentary…I love being the paternal figure in that large group. I have six kids from three marriages. They are all as close as could be and they are as close as could be with my wife, who is the same age as my oldest daughter.

So you know, for me, that word

LEFT: JEAN STAPLETON, CARROLL O’CONNOR, SALLY STRUTHERS, AND ROB REINER IN ALL IN THE FAMILY, 1971. RIGHT: REDD FOXX AND DEMOND WILSON IN SANFORD AND SON, 1972.

my First Amendment, my Bill of Rights, my Constitution, and they were left to me by my founding fathers. There’s a word—father. This word father, followed me all the way through to my purchase of the Declaration of Independence. I won a scholarship to college. I was a kid in the Depression and they couldn’t afford to send me to college. I entered an American Legion contest speaking about the Constitution and I won a year at Emerson College. Then

“father” and what the founding fathers meant to me could not be more significant.

AS You mentioned your 2001 purchase of one of the 25 surviving original copies of the Declaration of Independence.

How did the idea of touring them across the country come about?

NL My promise to myself was that we would tour 50 states. We toured many states, multiple, multiple times. It took ten years to complete 50 states, at

AF ARCHIVE/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO (2)

AS Throughout the film we see a child playing your younger self who is observing the highlights of your life. Can you explain the significance of featuring yourself as a boy?

NL The boy living in me comes out of my book. My father went to prison when I was 9 years old—that was a turning point in my life. If anything can make you grow up and understand who you are in this world, that kind of an event will do it. I was 9 years old, my mother and sister disappeared—I don’t know where they went. I was shipped off to an uncle and then another uncle, and finally, to my grandparents. But I was pretty much on my own. When I was 9 years of age and my mother was selling the furniture and my father was taken to jail, somebody—an adult—put his hand on my shoulder and said, “Norman, you’re the man of the house now.” I’ve often thought that this had to be the moment when I understood the foolishness of the human condition. That 9 year old boy whose father had just been shipped off to jail is alive and well in me all through my 94 years. I see a lot of things though his eyes still.

which point my small family foundation was broke-ish, so we sold it to someone who also would not put it on a wall in his own home, and it could be viewed in a public place.

AS Recently you published an essay called “On Longevity and Laughter” giving credit to humor and laughter for not just your 94 years but for 94 good years. How do you feel about your age?

are “over” and “next”. When something is over it is OVER and we are on to NEXT. If there was a hammock in the middle of those two words that would be what the philosophers mean in the many ways they have talked about living in the moment—that hammock between over and next. So the fact of my life is…. it has taken me 94 years, several months, weeks, and days to get to talk to you. Everything I’m saying right now I’m saying for

Well, that’s not anything the world can look forward to but I’m looking forward to it. The next for me that I’ll be sharing with hopefully a wide audience is a show about elderly people in a retirement village, where they are on golf carts still playing golf, they’re still making love.

They’re in their 70s and 80s— some are older—and the title of the show is called “Guess Who Died”. There’s a little sevenminute [documentary] piece in

COURTEY OF EPIX. COURTESY OF MUSIC BOX FILMS (2)

LEFT: NORMAN LEAR WITH ROB ROBINSON IN THE DOCS-SERIES AMERICA DIVIDED, CENTER: VISITING CONEY ISLAND, RIGHT: THE MOVIE POSTER FOR THE DOCUMENTARY NORMAN LEAR: JUST ANOTHER VERSION OF YOU.

NL I continue to enjoy waking up in the morning. Before I go to bed, I continue to look forward to the taste of coffee the next morning. I can’t wait to see the faces of my kids—now they are spread out across the country but when I’m able to see them. We will all be together at Thanksgiving. We will all be together at Christmas. It’s the joy of joys.

There are two little words that don’t get enough consideration as much as they should get. They

the very first time….into the ears of a woman I’m meeting over the phone…and this is that moment.

Now, when you think about it that way, it’s hard to get over it.

[Laughs.] That laugh, it took me 94 years and all that time to get to that laugh.

AS Now that our interview is almost over, what’s next for Norman Lear?

NL Well, I’m having dinner with an old friend and my daughter, Madeline, tonight.

The New York Times that sold the show. They called it “Not Dead Yet.” Because of that little seven-minute piece, I got calls from all over the country from people who laughed and cried.

We will be doing that show!

I also just finished thirteen episodes of a new show that will be on Netflix. It’s a modern-day “One Day at a Time” with a Latino family, starring Rita Moreno. It premieres on January 6, 2017 at 12:01 across the globe. ■ January / February 2017 37

BOOKS

MY LIFE, MY LOVE, MY LEGACY

BY CORETTA SCOTT KING & BARBARA REYNOLDS

The life story of Coretta Scott King—wife of Martin Luther King Jr., founder of the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change (The King Center), and singular twentieth-century American civil and human rights activist—as told fully for the first time, toward the end of her life, to Rev. Dr. Barbara Reynolds.

Born in 1927 in the Deep South, Coretta Scott became politically and socially active and committed to the peace movement while in college. As a graduate student at the New England Conservatory of Music, determined to pursue her own career as a concert singer, she met Martin Luther King Jr. In love and devoted to shared Christian beliefs as well as shared racial and economic justice goals, she married Dr. King, and events promptly thrust her into a maelstrom of history throughout which she was a strategic partner, a standard bearer, and so much more.

As a widow and single mother of four, she worked tirelessly to found and develop The King Center as a citadel for world peace, lobbied for fifteen years for the US national holiday in honor of her husband, championed for women’s, workers’ and gay rights, and was a powerful international voice for nonviolence, freedom, and human dignity.

Coretta’s is a love story, a family saga, and the memoir of an extraordinary black woman in twentieth-century America.

38 American Senior

DUST BOWL GIRLS: THE INSPIRING STORY OF THE TEAM THAT BARNSTORMED ITS WAY TO BASKETBALL GLORY

BY LYDIA REEDER

At the height of the Great Depression, Sam Babb, the charismatic basketball coach of tiny Oklahoma Presbyterian College, traveled from farm to farm.

He ended up recruiting talented, hardworking young women, offering them a free college education if they would come play for his basketball team, the Cardinals.

He shaped the Cardinals into a formidable team, and something extraordinary began to happen: with passion for the sport and heartfelt loyalty to one another and their coach, they won every game.

For author Lydia Reeder, this is a family story: coach Sam Babb is her great-uncle. When her grandmother handed her a worn, yellowed folder that contained newspaper articles, letters, and photographs of Sam and the Cardinals, she said, “You might want to tell their story someday.” Now, with extensive research and the gathered memories of the surviving Cardinals, she has.

Dust Bowl Girls conveys the intensity of an improbable journey to an epic showdown with the prevailing national champions, led by the legendary Babe Didrikson. It captures a moment in American sports history when a visionary coach helped his young athletes achieve more than a winning season.

IN THE GREAT GREEN ROOM: THE BRILLIANT AND BOLD LIFE OF MARGARET WISE BROWN

BY AMY GARY

PORTRAITS OF COURAGE: A COMMANDER IN CHIEF’S TRIBUTE TO AMERICA’S WARRIORS

The woman behind the beloved children’s classics Goodnight Moon and The Runaway Bunny led an extraordinary life. Margaret Wise Brown started her career by helping to shape the curriculum for the Bank Street School for children, creating stories that would rise above traditional fairy tales. She also experimented with her own writing.

Margaret would spend days researching subjects, picking daisies, cloud gazing, and observing nature, all in an effort to precisely capture a child’s sense of awe and wonder as they discovered the world.

Margaret embraced life with passion, lived extravagantly, and carried on long and troubled love affairs. Among them was a gender-bending poet and the ex-wife of John Barrymore. She went by the stage name of Michael Strange and she and Margaret had a tempestuous yet secret relationship. Later, Margaret became engaged to a younger man, who was the son of a Rockefeller and a Carnegie. But before they could marry Margaret died unexpectedly at the age of 42, leaving behind a cache of unpublished work and a timeless collection of books that would go on become classics in children’s literature.

Amy Gary drawing on newly-discovered personal letters and diaries, she reveals an intimate portrait of a creative genius whose unrivaled talent breathed new life in to the literary world.

Since leaving the White House, George W. Bush began painting as a hobby as well as turning his attention to supporting and honoring America’s veterans as they re-enter civilian life. Those two passions can be found in his new coffee table book, which features 66 of his vibrant portraits and a four-panel mural of America’s military and veterans. Each oil painting is accompanied by the inspiring story of the veteran depicted, written by the President, whom he has come to know personally through his own outreach and the ongoing work of the George W. Bush Institute’s Military Service Initiative.

President Bush’s portraits and accompanying stories of courage and resilience pay tribute to the courage and sacrifice of the military and veterans, highlight their family and caregivers who bear the burden of their sacrifice, and help Americans understand how we can support our transitioning veterans and empower them to succeed.

As the stories unfold—some of them inspiring, some of them heartbreaking—readers see the faces and the hearts of those who answered the nation’s call and learn from their bravery on the battlefield, their journeys to recovery from visible and invisible scars, and the continued leadership and contributions they are making as civilians.

BY GEORGE W. BUSH

January / February 2017 39

FUN & GAMES CROSSWORD 1

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9 12

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15 16

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ACROSS

3. Writing (5) 6. Meat-and-vegetable pasty type (7) 7. Copious (5) 8. Take by force (5) 9. The human foot (3) 11. Opts (5) 13. Guide (5) 40 American Senior

15. Opposite of north (abbr) (3) 18. Put a ship out of use (3,2) 19. Rub vigorously (5) 20. Without being able to see (7) 21. Tasting of sodium chloride (5)

DOWN

1. Dwarf tree (6)

2. Hooded jackets (7) 3. Stages (6) 4. “Sorry!” (4) 5. Always (4) 10. Stretches with great effort (7) 12. Short (6) 14. Is the same as (6) 16. Queries (4) 17. Verbal (4)

Solutions on page 46 SUDOKU

Sudoku—also known as Number Place—is a logic-based, combinatorial number-placement puzzle.

The aim of Sudoku is to enter a number from 1 through 9 in each cell of a grid. Each row, column, and region must contain only one instance of each number.

LETTER SOUP

Can you rearrange the floating letters below to spell out different words related to fast food items?

Each letter should be used exactly once in the resulting set.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

2 9 6 4 7 5 4 1 9 5 3 1 4 8 3 4 1 9 6 2 7 8 5 4 6 3 8 3

I U AA

O BC D A A N WG I HP A Z T ZS R E DR L C

S

January / February 2017 41

WHAT’S WRONG?™

ILLUSTRATED BY CHUCK DILLON

How many silly things can you find in this picture?

42

PLAY by the BOOK

Get ready to hit the books. Thirty-five different book words and phrases are hidden in the grid. For each one, BOOK has been replaced . Search up, down, across, backwards, and diagonally. by Find them all, and you’re tops in our book!

WORD LIST ADDRESS BOOK

PHONE BOOK

AUTOGRAPH BOOK

PHRASE BOOK

BANKBOOK

PICTURE BOOK

BOOKMARK

PLAYBOOK

CASEBOOK

POCKETBOOK

CHECKBOOK

RULE BOOK

CODE BOOK

SCHOOLBOOK

COFFEE TABLE BOOK

SCORE BOOK

COLORING BOOK

SCRAPBOOK

COMIC BOOK

SKETCHBOOK

COOKBOOK

SONGBOOK

DATEBOOK

STORYBOOK

GUIDEBOOK

STYLEBOOK

HANDBOOK

TEXTBOOK

LIBRARY BOOK

TRADE BOOK

MATCHBOOK

WORKBOOK

NOTEBOOK

YEARBOOK

PASSBOOK

B Y P H R A S E

X P G P M X A S Y O P E A A G U I D E T A C N S B C T I R W S K A C I R D D C S O N G E S A L K P

A A N O J O R W C P E I E P A L O T C L A C D S I K G D

D K S C R A P T B C O D E

A C U S H R L S U A L M C T K I O B S E T G W T C O E P R O E B I E E C C V D H T E X T E C K P Y E R H L R R N E D F A M R R R M O L C P O U Y E S A S E X R L S C F T B A N K I E D E O O E M K R W J I T F C U E O W I P C V N H N R C H G F W O E A U T O G R A P H

V H I W G T S K E T C H N P A G E

Y R A R B I L P G Answers on page 47

RHYME TIME In this picture, find a

GOOSE.

Then look for a RED

CABOOSE,

And a

SPONGE to keep you clean.

There’s a

SKATEBOARD just for fun

And a

HAMBURGER and BUN.

Find a

PITCHER made of glass MALLET made of brass.

And a Don’t forget the And a

TENNIS BALL

DUSTPAN—then that’s all.

Hidden Pictures, oh what fun!

Find all ten and you are done.

ILLUSTRATED BY BRIDGET STARR TAYLOR

© 2017 HIGHLIGHTS FOR CHILDREN, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

A TURTLE that is small and green,

Answers on page 47

43

ASTROLOGY JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2017

ARIES (March 21–April 19)

Opportunities abound during this period especially regarding new people in your life. Be on the lookout for significant individuals to enter your circle, quite by surprise. Could a grandchild be on the way? A new partner, perhaps? Look for someone to enter your realm that may completely change the way you approach life going forward.

This bold and unusual event may open up new doors of responsibility that you might not have been able to envision just a short time ago. Like a breath of fresh air you may experience an epiphany of wonder in the presence of new people.

TAURUS (April 20–May 20)

Change is in the air for you during this period and although that may be seen as a constant for all of us, you should regard the significance of the weight associated with such shifts in your life. You could be facing an entirely new way of looking at your daily routine. As events unfold you may be asked to adapt to a new pattern regarding your domestic situation. Health and wellness are also highly favored so you might decide to radically alter your approach to taking care of yourself. Just because you have never done something in the past does not prevent you from starting anew.

GEMINI (May 21–June 21)

You may find that much of your time lately is consumed by working with others. Group projects may be occupying your time with regularity, but in the most fruitful and expansive manner.

Education and travel may be the source of such encounters so be on the lookout for any and all expansive opportunities. The experience of relating may be far more rewarding than you might have previously thought. Your natural spark and inquisitiveness may put you in the spotlight as your contributions become widely recognized and appreciated by all. A shared experience with other group members may help to form a bond that you had not anticipated.

44 American Senior

CANCER (June 22–July 22)

Your primary domestic arrangement may be in for an overhaul. Whether that means a new living situation or simply a redecorating project, you may be surprised at the unexpected benefits that arise as a result. A change in this arena of your life could breathe new life into a once stale pattern that has outgrown its usefulness to you and yours.

An influx of financial opportunities may open the door to such an alteration. Now, more than ever you may feel the urge to change this area of your life, and while this endeavor may take up much of your time and energy, you may not object to the outcome.

LEO (July 23–Aug. 22)

Your curiosity may be piqued during this period and the only way to address it may be to hit the road.

There may be nothing like travel to open up new opportunities as you explore foreign or obscure ideas. By embracing the new and undiscovered you may be tapping into a pool of knowledge that yields surprising results. You may also be highly motivated to delve into educational or spiritual endeavors as well. Basically anything that broadens and enriches your view of the world may prove to be quite rewarding. Of course, exposure to anything new or exotic may leave its imprint on you, but this time you may be surprised by the impressions that are left.

VIRGO (Aug. 23–Sept. 22)

Financial surprises may be in the offing for you during this period. While that might sound daunting, consider the possibilities and how they might manifest. You may have a clear drive to resolve or search for new forms of income or they may come to you from an outside resource quite by surprise. Look to large organizations as the possible source of such news. Insurance companies, municipalities, or universities are likely areas to expect shifts to appear, so be on the lookout for possible notices from these areas.

Generally speaking revenue from outside sources may be highly likely under these skies.

by Chris Flisher

LIBRA (Sept. 23–Oct. 22)

CAPRICORN (Dec. 22–Jan. 19)

SCORPIO (Oct. 23–Nov. 21)

AQUARIUS (Jan. 20–Feb. 18)

SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22–Dec. 21)

PISCES (Feb. 19–March 20)

You may be glowing from the presence of Jupiter in Libra and with good reason. Jupiter tends to be an optimistic and expansive planet in the zodiac realm and when it is in your sign you may benefit from this presence. With so much attention and positive feelings you could very well draw new people to you. Be mindful of this opportunity and take note of new or unusual people and encounters that may come your way during this period. This may also entail a creative endeavor, so a teacher or collaborator may also figure heavily during this period.

There are several key areas of your life that may in the process of shifting to a whole new level of experience and some might be unexpected. Areas to consider are your daily routine and health patterns. Are you considering a new exercise course or some other unusual health tactic? This may be a marvelous opportunity to investigate some alternate options for maintaining your strength. Another area that might prove to be very beneficial to you is some form of public service such as volunteering for a community organization. The benefits of such an endeavor may prove to be very rewarding for you.

Your creative juices may be flowing during this period and you may stumble upon some rather uncharacteristic ideas during that pursuit. You may be flexing your imaginative muscles and come up with something quite unique. Your chances for success may come in the form of collaborating with another. The old adage of “two–heads” may prove to be quite apt so keep your options open.

Be mindful of communications and emotions as you work your way through the process of joint– creativity. As long as you adhere to a diplomatic approach you may find that the experience is quite rewarding in the long run.

How you occupy your time may be redefined. You may be looking at new and unusual ideas for your domestic setting, lsuch as redecorating, moving, or perhaps welcoming a new person into your living arrangement. Financial topics may arise quite suddenly and tempt you to reconsider what you might have otherwise ignored. Remember to stick with a diplomatic and responsible approach.

Financial topics may be the driving force behind your direction so keep those ideas open to negotiation. Look to the family and domestic scene for a surprise.

Wanderlust may overtake you during this season.

There may be nothing as satisfying as traveling and mixing it up with new and unusual people, places, or things. While the thrill of expanding your mind may be tempting, be careful to avoid touchy conversations with significant friends or partners for they could go the wrong way. A stimulating mind may be a wonderful thing to admire during this period and that experience may be enhanced by an animated exchange between you and another. The spark of creativity may manifest through words and deeds, just be careful about closing doors that cannot be reopened.

Train your gaze and attention toward financial matters. The potential may be phenomenal for unusual or unexpected monetary distributions.

Remember that this influence can run in either direction so take that to heart and make your decisions cautiously. Opportunities to invest may be tempting and completely out of the blue. With that in mind beware of over–extending yourself especially if something appears too good to be true. However, the other side of the story may involve long–term business associates coming through for you in the most dynamic manner. The only way to really know how this unfolds may be to trust your intuition. It will not betray you.

January / February 2017 45

SOLUTIONS CROSSWORD B C

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LETTER SOUP 1. PIZZA 2. BURGER 3. TACO 4. SANDWICH 5. SALAD

46 American Senior

S

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SUDOKU

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7 9 2 6 5 3 4 1 8

1 6 8 7 9 4 2 5 3

5 4 3 2 8 1 6 7 9

8 7 4 5 1 9 3 2 6

6 3 1 8 4 2 7 9 5

9 2 5 3 7 6 8 4 1

4 8 7 1 3 5 9 6 2

2 5 9 4 6 8 1 3 7

3 1 6 9 2 7 5 8 4

Book PLAY BY THE BOOK B P T E L B A T E E F F O C A I N

Y P H R E A A G A C N S R D D C A A A C D S C O D E L M C K I O B C C V D E C D A M R R T B A N E M K R C U E U T O G W G T S P A G E

A U B S N I

S H K R K W O R K

S E I D E C T I R O N G O J O R K G D D K S A C U S E T G W T E X T P Y E R M O L C A S E J I T F W I P C A P H E T C H Y R A

X X W E W P C H T H P X V H R

P G P M A S Y O S K A C I S A L K P C P E I A L O T C R A P T R L S U C O E P R O E B I E L R R N O U Y E S R L S C I E D E O N H N R G F W O E V H B I L P G

Magazines for every age!

Ages

0-2 Ages

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In Spanish and English

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1/16/15 2:09 PM

RHYME TIME

January / February 2017 47

LAST LAUGH

“Don’t ask me. I don’t know what ‘my country ’tis if thee’ means, either.”

48 American Senior

SIDNEY HARRIS, THE NEW YORKER COLLECTION/THE CARTOON BANK; LEO CULLUM, THE NEW YORKER COLLECTION/THE CARTOON BANK

“I think of myself as an American, then as a bird, then as a rufous-sided towhee.”

Caring for someone with Alzheimer’s isn’t easy.

Reaching us is.

If you care for someone with Alzheimer’s disease, memory loss or dementia, you are not alone. We’re here day or night — whenever you need us — offering reliable information and support.

Free 24/7 Helpline: 800.272.3900 Alzheimer’s and Dementia Caregiver Center: alz.org/care

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