Center of Islamic Study, Kota Bharu (Pondok Islam Darulnaim)

PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

PROPOSED CENTER OF ISLAMIC STUDY IN PENGKALAN CHEPA, KOTA BHARU

AMIN AIZAT BIN MOHAMED MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM, 2017 aminaizatdesign@gmail.com

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

ABSTRACT Pondok is the Islamic boarding school in Malaysia. The word pondok itself came from Arabic word ‘fuduqun’ which means retreat house for the traveller. Pondok institution in Malaysia have a very long history, it is believed that the first pondok constructed in Kelantan in 1820 which in Pondok Pulai Condong. After more than a century, there are many pondok schools in this country that still operate even they are facing many great difficulties. It clearly shows that educational system in pondok has its own uniqueness as the number students kept maintain throughout years even with the poor facilities provided. Given these points, continuos support from government and related agencies is crucial in order to prevent the prestigious institution from disappear.By deeper understanding on minimalism and how it affected the occupant, several adaptation may be taken to create a conducive and comfortable learning experience for the students. The new modern pondok school hopes to change perception of people towards ‘pondok’ institution and at the same time, making Kelantan well known as a center of Islamic education.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

3.3.2

TABLE OF CONTENT

3.4 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

Site info ............................................................................................ 9

3.4.2

View of the site ................................................................................. 9

TABLE OF CONTENT

3.4.3

Macro analysis................................................................................ 10

LIST OF FIGURES

3.4.4

Micro analysis ................................................................................. 11

3.4.5

Summary of site analysis ................................................................ 12

3.4.6

Site section ..................................................................................... 12

3.4.7

S.W.O.C ......................................................................................... 12

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

LIST OF TABLES INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 1.1

Thesis statement .............................................................................................................. 1

1.2

Background of design thesis proposal .............................................................................. 1

1.3

Programme statement ...................................................................................................... 1

2.

3.5

LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................... 2 2.1

Phenomenological architecture......................................................................................... 2

2.2

Moderation and Spiritual rejuvenation ............................................................................... 2

2.2.1

Zen philosophy (moral meditation) ................................................... 3

2.2.2

Ma concept (emptiness) ................................................................... 3

2.2.3

Wabi-sabi (voluntary poverty) ........................................................... 3

3.

FORMUALTING DESIGN BRIEF ...................................................................... 4 3.1

The Client and Needs ....................................................................................................... 4

3.1.1

Perception of people ........................................................................ 4

3.1.2

Standards of current ‘pondok’ school ............................................... 4

3.2

Programmes and Spaces ................................................................................................. 5

3.2.1

Special elements in pondok school .................................................. 5

3.2.2

Learning process / procedure ........................................................... 5

3.2.3

Precedent studies ............................................................................ 6

3.2.4

Programme hypothesis .................................................................... 7

3.3

The site ............................................................................................................................. 9

3.4.1

ABSTRACT

1.

Space relation................................................................................... 8

Schedule of Accommodation (SOA) ................................................................................. 8

3.3.1

Volumetric study............................................................................... 8

Feasibility assessment .................................................................................................... 13

3.5.1

Economic feasibility ........................................................................ 13

3.5.2

Market feasibility ............................................................................. 14

3.5.3

Financial feasibility ......................................................................... 15

3.5.4

Executive summary of project ......................................................... 16

4.

DESIGN STRATEGIES AND PROCESSES .................................................... 17 4.1

Concept .......................................................................................................................... 17

4.2

STRATEGIES ................................................................................................................. 17

4.2.1

Programme..................................................................................... 17

4.2.2

Planning ......................................................................................... 18

4.2.3

Design ............................................................................................ 18

Simplification of form ............................................................................................. 18 Blending with nature .............................................................................................. 19 Solid and void 19 4.3

Site synthesis .................................................................................................................. 19

4.4

Diagramatic layout .......................................................................................................... 20

4.5

Form morphology (micro) ................................................................................................ 20

4.6

Form morphology (macro) ............................................................................................... 21

4.7

Design intention .............................................................................................................. 21

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

5.

SCHEMATIC PROPOSAL .............................................................................. 22

6.6

Telecommunication and control system .......................................................................... 37

5.1

First proposal .................................................................................................................. 22

6.7

Water supply system ....................................................................................................... 38

5.2

Second proposal............................................................................................................. 23

6.7.1

Daily water consumption ................................................................. 38

5.3

Final proposal ................................................................................................................. 24

6.7.2

Water consumption ......................................................................... 38

6.

TECHNICAL INTEGRATION .......................................................................... 26 6.1

6.8

Overall structure component ........................................................................................... 26

Sewerage and rain water harvesting ............................................................................... 39

6.8.1

Sewer calculation ........................................................................... 39

6.1.1

Conventional post and beam structure ........................................... 26

6.8.2

Rubbish disposal ............................................................................ 39

6.1.2

Shear wall system .......................................................................... 26

6.8.3

Rain water harvesting calculation ................................................... 39

6.1.3

Double skin faรงade treatment ......................................................... 26

6.1.4

Elevated plaza ................................................................................ 26

6.9.1

Calculation ...................................................................................... 40

6.2

Sectional study ............................................................................................................... 27

6.9.2

Proposed scheme........................................................................... 40

6.3

Detail structural study ..................................................................................................... 28

6.3.1

6.9

Air conditioning system ................................................................................................... 40

6.10

Roof structure................................................................................. 28

Vertical transformation system..................................................................................... 41

6.10.1

Calculation ...................................................................................... 41

The overhang sky roof structure offers a set of lights and shadows in every hour of the day giving

6.10.2

Proposed scheme........................................................................... 41

the main courtyard a particular brightness. The perforated Islamic pattern installed in between

6.10.3

On-site installation .......................................................................... 41

every segment to project shadow casting below. .......................................................... 28 6.3.2

Faรงade structure ............................................................................ 29

6.3.3

Double skin faรงade (prayer hall) ..................................................... 30

6.3.4

Exploded / blow up detail study ...................................................... 31

6.4

Bomba requirement ........................................................................................................ 32

7.

SPECIAL STUDY ............................................................................................ 42 7.1

Material selection ............................................................................................................ 42

7.2

Design consideration ...................................................................................................... 42

7.2.1

Wind flow study .............................................................................. 43

7.2.2

Thermal and solar study ................................................................. 43

7.2.3

Generative pattern .......................................................................... 43

6.4.1

Purpose group................................................................................ 32

6.4.2

Fire appliance access..................................................................... 32

6.4.3

Fire hydrant and site planning ........................................................ 33

6.4.4

Travel distance ............................................................................... 33

6.4.5

Occupancy load ............................................................................. 34

6.4.6

Compartment ................................................................................. 34

6.4.7

Active provision .............................................................................. 34

7.4

Cross ventilation inside prayer hall (sectional plane study) ............................................. 45

6.4.8

Staircase calculation ...................................................................... 35

7.5

Flow line of air within the prayer hall ............................................................................... 45

6.5

7.3

Design outcomes (psychometrics study) ......................................................................... 44

7.3.1

Solar gain inside prayer hall............................................................ 44

Installation of the perforated panel helps to reduce the soalr gain within the space thus increasing the thermal comfort of the prayer hall. ........................................................................... 44 7.3.2

Day lighting projection inside prayer hall ......................................... 44

Telecommunication and control system .......................................................................... 36 iv

PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

Fully enclosed surface may result the air to be diverted around the building thus producing higher wind velowcity. The perforated panel otherwise allow penetration of air thus stabilising the speed and movement of the air. .............................................................................................. 45 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 46 Schwingeninswitzerland.wordpress.com,(2012). Reims Cathedral, It’s History Has More Drama Than A Telenovela. (online) Available at: https://schwingeninswitzerland.wordpress.com/ [Accessed 7 September 2016] ...................................................................................... 46 Stephendanko.com, (2007). The Vilnius Cathedral (online) Available at: http://stephendanko.com/ [Accessed 7 September 2016] ...................................................................................... 46 Amagazine.com, (2015). Austerity And Sensuality – Therme Vals (online) Available at: http://amagazine.com.au/ [Accessed 5September 2016] .......................................................... 46 REFERENCES APPENDIX

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Thesis statement Pondok school is an Islamic learning center that carry their own unique identity. Among its significant differences are the moderate way of living inside the pondok itself and harmonious living between the students and community. This thesis adopts the concept of minimalism in architecture to suit with the moderation or voluntary poverty that exists within pondok schools.

The idea is to create spaces that able to give moral meditation or spiritual rejuvenation to the inhabitants by injecting minimalist element into the building.

1.2 Background of design thesis proposal The learning system in pondok school has their own uniqueness but suffer from bad image due lack of resources and wrong interpretation of people towards them. The tradition and system need to be improvised and maintained to ensure vitality of this historical education system. It is a crucial step in order to keep producing educated young muslims as a successor to the glorious ulama before them.

1.3 Programme statement This thesis aim to propose a modern ‘pondok’ school that able to reflect new image of the institution with a new approach in terms of the architectural aspect and space planning. The main intention is to make pondok a prestigious learning center as well as Islamic community center. This new pondok school hope to change perception of people towards ‘pondok’ institution and at the same time, making Kelantan well known as a center of Islamic education.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.2 Moderation and Spiritual rejuvenation Japanese manipulate minimalist concept into the architecture of their buildings by creating space

2.1 Phenomenological architecture

that able to treat the inhabitant. The idea is to guide people to the state of enlighten or being awakened. In other word, people who experienced the space will have a moral boost and spiritual rejuvenation.

Minimalism was interpreted as a style where architect should give more privileges to other senses rather than visual. Regarding this matter, Pallasmaa stated that architecture involves seven realm of sensory experience which interacts to each other namely: eye, ear, nose, skin, tongue, skeleton and muscle (Pallasmaa 1994). According to him, visual effect cannot be separated from the tactile feelings: promote emotions and feelings to interact with the building thus bringing positive or negative values to our perceptual experience.

Sharing the same ideology is Peter Zumthor, Swiss architect who won the Pritzker Prize in 2009. In his book, Zumthor claims that during designing, he tries to find out what those images mean so it will create a wealth of visual forms and atmospheres. Zumthor’s mode of working is to compose the building together with original form and history of the site. Among his prominent projects is Thermal Baths in Vals, Switzerland (figure 1).

Figure 2: Sancakla mosque in Istambul Sources: http://www.detail-online.com/

Figure 1: The Thermal Vals, Graubunden Switzerland (1996) Source: http://amagazine.com.au/

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2.2.1

Zen philosophy (moral meditation)

2.2.2

Ma concept (emptiness)

Zen concept tries to transmit idea of freedom and essence of living. Simplicity is not only

Pawson stated that Japanese aesthetic principle of Ma refers to the empty or open spaces

concerned with the external, but the moral sincerity and real quality of a material. According to

(Pawson and Doze 1996). It removes all unnecessary interior walls and open space between the

Auer in 1998, Japanese minimalism is an ode to emptiness, moral encouragement and a call for

exterior and interior. This approach is more likely to be seen in Tadao Ando work for instance

humility and self-realization (Auer 1988). This idea was highly emphasized by Tadao Ando in

where he tries to blur the separation line between inside and outside. The result is, building that

several of his famous Church of Light in Osaka, Japan (figure 1). The emphasization of such

seems to dance well with the nature and do not stand on its own (figure 1).

value in architecture should be a fundamental aspect especially when designing a home and other building within the same function.

Figure 4: Green roof of Noshina Hotel on Naoshima Island Source: https://news.illinois.edu

2.2.3

Wabi-sabi (voluntary poverty)

The Japanese aesthetic of Wabi-sabi values the quality of simple and plain objects. It appreciates the absence of unnecessary features to view life in quietness and reveals the most Figure 3: Church of light, Osaka

(Tadao Ando, 1989) Source: http://www.ronenbekerman.com/

innate character of materials. According to Verhetsel, Japanese interpret emptiness as a positive value, something that can give space to new thought, new creation (Verhetsel, Pombo et al.

2013). In architectural context, the first step is to remove all superfluous material objects, leaving only essential and functional in place. However, beautiful objects can be kept to admire and inspire.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

3.1.1

3. FORMUALTING DESIGN BRIEF 3.1 The Client and Needs Kelantan Islamic Foundation (YIK) is more of a religion agencies of the Kelantan State Government, which entrusted to carry out the activities of Islamic Education and Learning of Arabic Language among the people of this state. The establishment was originally on 1st January 1974 which is under Enactment Kelantan 9/1968. Kelantan Islamic Foundation (YIK) is responsible for administering and managing the following matters:-

Perception of people

Most people think that pondok education is not reliable and relevant for the current modern era.

-Most people do not get the overall view of what happening in pondok school.

-People are assuming that pondok-leavers would face a problem to find a secured job and have no future ahead.

-Due to peer influence, young people would prefer modern education system rather that entering pondok.

-They also thought that pondok school is only for the elderly.

i) Secondary schools of Agama/Arab throughout Kelantan. ii) Arabic Center of Nilam Puri. iii) Center of Pengajian Pondok, Telong Kandis, bachok. iv) Tengku Anis Kindergarten, Kampung Sireh, Kota Bharu. v) Financial for management and development.

In line with the government future plan to make Kelantan as a center of Islamic study within the region, thus this government agency seems to best suit with the aims and objectives of this project. In next several subtopics, we shall look into some significant issues that will highly influence the proposal of this modern pondok school.

3.1.2

Standards of current ‘pondok’ school

It is quiet obvious that facilities in majority pondok schools is far behind compare to other type of school.

-Some of the existing pondok were built since 1820.

-Renovation are made from time to time depending on available resources.

-Random arrangment and planning of the pondok are making the maintainance process to be more difficult.

-Bad appearance of pondok school unable to young people to enter the school.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

3.2 Programmes and Spaces

3.2.2

Learning process / procedure

There are several factor that need to be considered before finalizing the spaces and programmes to be provided in the pondok school. Among crucial point to be considered would be the case study of existing pondok and other related building that shared the same typology.

Additional to that, the significant element of the pondok system itself need to be analyst to ensure the continuity of its uniqueness and speciality.

3.2.1

Special elements in pondok school

-Continous learning where schooling period start after subuh prayer until midnight. Full implementation of the students daily schedule.

Formal study (Umumi) Those who study religion seriously and use books during the time when they present in lecture.

The reason why they use books is because they wish to be scholar in the future. The receiver is

-Most of the student stay in hostel together with the lajnah thus creating a great bonding between

usually a full time student that attend class everyday except Friday. In most cases, the receiver

them. Staying away from family helps students to be more focus on learning.

usually are always consist of male students.

-Study environment is more flexible which happen weather in classroom, discussion area or nearby the mosque.

-Stressing the importance of “bersanad” where most of the learning process happen throught verbal interaction between teachers and the students. Students is not too depending textbook and individual revision.

-Lower learning cost compare to other institutional. Students lead a moderate way of life.

Informal study (nizomi) People who attend lectures only to hear lessons. In this case, they attend lectures only to gain knowledge as a guide on how to get on with their lives. The lecture usually held after isya’ prayer on the weekend. The listener in general comprise of both men and women and most of the time amny of them are the elderly.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

3.2.3

Precedent studies

Islamic Center of Rijeka, Croatia

area : 2,368 square meter location : Rijeka, Croatia year : 2013 designer : famous sculptor, Dušan Džamonja in collaboration with Darko Vlahovic and Branko Vucinovic architect.

Typology : Religious building The successful ‘playing’ with basic geometric shapes led to the fact that the building is considered more as a functional sculpture, intended for culture and religion, rather than the usual architectural building. The Islamic center even claimed to be one of the most beautiful religious building in Europe.

Al-Islah Mosque, Singapore

area location year designer typology

: 3,700 square meter : Punggol, Singapore : 2015 : Formwerkz Architects : Religious building

Al-Islah Mosque is planned to serve the local Muslim community with a peak capacity of 4500. The new mosque aspires to be a model of openness, reflective of contemporary Islamic aspirations in Singapore. Physical poriosity offers much benefit of ventilation and daylighting.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

Gaza Green School, Gaza (proposal)

3.2.4

Programme hypothesis

Taking consideration from previous subtopic, hypotectical program flow was tabulated to illustrate the overall idea of space connection, target user and objectives for this project.

Location : Gaza Year : 2012 Designer : Mario Cucinella

The school will accommodate up to 800 students and will rely complete on renewables for its energy supply. A fusion of traditional Islamic architecture and modern sustainable design. This project was selected based on its sustainable approach plus the very simple layout with center courtyard approach.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

3.3.1

Volumetric study

3.3.2

Space relation

3.3 Schedule of Accommodation (SOA)

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

3.4 The site

3.4.1

Site info

LOT NO

:2323

SITE AREA

:7.2 ACRES / 2.9 HECTARES

LOCATION

:Jalan Maktab, 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu Kelantan

DISTRICT

:KOTA BHARU

MUKIM

:KEMUMIN

LAND OWNER :STATE GOVERNMENT LAND USE

:INSTITUTIONAL AND PUBLIC FACILITY

PLOT RATIO

:5

3.4.2

View of the site

The site is located within east coast of peninsular Malaysia which Kelantan. Well know as Serambi Mekah, some may claim the state as center of islamic study. One possible reason for that is the extensive growth of madrasah in its border line which is south part of Thailand. Back to those day, many well known islamic icon in Malaysia was also educated in Thailand. They came back to Kelantan and other region to spread the religion. In the meantime, Pengkalan Chepa was selected for its stragetic location.

Situated 4km from main airport and 9km from main capital, the site itself is surrounded by many institutional buildings for example schools, public buildings, training center and some colleges. With no existing pondok within that area, Pengkalan Chepa hope to be the suitable spot for the new iconic Islamic learning center. Being the only undeveloped property within that area, the choosen lot sit next to boarding school and national defense department. With a complete basic existing infrastructure, the site is accessible from various way included the main road to the airport.

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3.4.3

Macro analysis

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3.4.4

Micro analysis

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

3.4.5

Summary of site analysis

3.4.7

S.W.O.C

Strenght: -located within institutional area with numbers of existing school -good infrastructure provision -strategicly located which is 4km from main airport and 9km from city center

Weakness: -lack of potential view -no existing pedestrian walkway

Opportunity: -no existing pondok within that area -state planning to make Kota Bharu as Islamic Learning center and educational tourism Potential

Constrain: -future developement or expansion would be an issue as there is no empty lot nearby.

3.4.6

Site section

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

3.5 Feasibility assessment

3.5.1

Economic feasibility

Initiatives towards developement and enhancement of pondok school in Malaysia is made possible by both state goverment and federal goverment. With the awareness of the potential of pondok school, many actions were made by government especially including the allocation of 25 million in 2015 national budget presentation.

Besides that, there are also several NGOs that keep supporting financially in order to keep the survival of these schools. Therefore, with an ideal coorperation and collaboration between all parties, the economic background for development of pondok school seems to have a great path.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

3.5.2

Market feasibility

It was stated in ‘rancangan tempatan Kota Bharu’ to make Kelantan as a islamic learning hub within the region. With the numerous existing Islamic schools and learning center in Kelantan, it has a big potential for educational tourism spot. In fact, religious studies environment in Kota Bharu already became an attraction to students from outside Kelantan for example Cambodia, Southern, Thailand, the Island of Sumatera and Vietnam where most of them came to study and stay in Kelantan. With that, Kelantan became more famous with the nickname Meccan Verandah. From studies that were done, the first hut in Kelantan was erected as early as 1820 in Pulai Chondong. Given these point, Kelantan seems to be a very strategic location in term of market opportunity based on its historical value and the existing resources available here.

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3.5.3

Financial feasibility

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3.5.4

Executive summary of project

Economic The main source/income of pondok school basically came from the donation, student fees and the teachers themselves. But nowadays, with special allocation from goverment and plenty supporting NGOs, the future development of pondok may enter the new era. Stretegic collaboration of these party may hugely assist the feasibility of this project.

Market Plenty existing pondok school in Kelantan clearly shows the demand of students to enter islamic institution. In line with the local authority framework to make Kelantan as Islamic learning hub, the proposal for new modern pondok within Kota Bharu seems to be a reasonable desicion.

Site Strategically located within the institutional area, Pengkalan Chepa may be the suitable spot for the project as there is no existing pondok within the area. Easily accessible and complete with existing infrastructure, the advantages may ease the construction and project implementation work. Besides that, situated in so called Islamic state surely give an opportunity to gain information and expertise from the existing pondok nearby.

Design Pondok school is an Islamic learning center that carry their own unique identity in Malay culture.

Among its substantial differences are the moderate way of living inside the pondok itself and harmonious living between the students and community. The concept of minimalism in architecture was highlighted to suit with the moderation or voluntary poverty that exists within pondok schools. Interpretation on certain minimalist elements into the building hope to create spaces that able to give moral meditation and at the same time promotes integration between pondok students and community.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

4.2 STRATEGIES 4.2.1

4. DESIGN STRATEGIES AND PROCESSES 4.1 Concept

Programme

Connect the missing link between two systems that don’t always reconcile. Turathi system is more to traditional while the modern system is more knowledge-oriented and based on data collection. Students to take formal examination same as existing modern pondok to ensure the school is accredited by the government.To produce intellectual students with strong Islamic background to be able to lead the society and solve arising problems.

This concept was derived from Japanese interpretation of minimalist architecture. According to them, Minimalism in architecture is able to give a moral meditation throught voluntary poverty. In this sense, their style of architecture promotes removal of unnecessary things and leaving only the essential without changing the funtion of the space. They believe that in this way people who

Providing more shared facilities in order to allow integration between the pondok students and

enter the building will have a moral boost and spiritual rejuvenation.

local community. The relationship and connection with public/local community is important to

In Islamic context, we may call it as moderation, zuhud or asceticism which means renouncing worldly pleasures in order to gain nearness to Allah. It has been written in the al-quran and

create stronger Islamic community in term of social and economy. Besides, it I also intended to make sure that the students is well accepted by the society.

hadith where in the time they are busy seeking for money and luxuries, Muslims are taught not to forget the life of here after.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

Providing commercial area and rentable spaces in order to generate income for the pondok.

Rather than only depending on government allocation and donation, this approach hopes to ensure the vitality and sustainability of the pondok itself.

Micro planning Prayer hall to be the prime area as it will be the most shared/used area. To enhance the permeability and openness toward the public, more green area were allocated on the ground by designing an elevated plaza in between the prayer hall and multi-purpose hall

4.2.3

Design

Simplification of form Derivation of building form from basic geometric shape. Shift of intention from form to detail and phenomelogical aspect. This is also achieved by striping down irrelevant element in design to achieve simplicity and singularity. In other words, it might also be called as form follow function which means focus given to purist element of architecture.

4.2.2

Planning

Macro planning To proposed a centralise building arrangement and creating a complex of Islamic center. To locate praying area, learning area and community center within close boundry. The learning

“Minimalism was considered a revival of nonornamentation, clear space and beauty of simple elegance.�

process not only focused on the student but also public who came to gain Islamic knowledge.

Maggie Toy in 1994

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

Blending with nature

4.3 Site synthesis

Fully utilized god’s given sources such as wind, light and rain water. The building was designed to integrate well with these natural elements. By rejecting a visual bombardment to the building form, such appreciation to these natural elements instead hope to add a story to the building.

“Japanese interpret emptiness as a positive value, something that can give space new thought, new creation.”

Verhetsel, Pambo & Heynen in 2013

Solid and void Insertion of pocket garden in between the spaces hopes to act as a nodes/interaction point between inhabitants. Additional to that, the void and transitional spaces also intended to affluence the cross ventilation throughout the entire building. Given these point, some specific material was also selected in order to allow maximum penetration of natural air into the prayer hall and multi-purpose hall.

“Japanese minimalism is an ode to emptiness, moral encouragement and call for humanity and self-realization.”

Auer in 1988

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4.4 Diagramatic layout

4.5 Form morphology (micro)

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4.6 Form morphology (macro)

4.7 Design intention

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5. SCHEMATIC PROPOSAL 5.1 First proposal

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5.2 Second proposal

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5.3 Final proposal

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6. TECHNICAL INTEGRATION 6.1.3

6.1 Overall structure component

Double skin faรงade treatment

Both multi-purpose hall and prayer hall were apllied with the double skin facade apporach. First is to allow for natural ventilation and reduce the dependency on mechanical ventilation system and second is to produce a seamless effect for the building in line with the minimalism concept.

6.1.4

Elevated plaza

Large overhang roof was designed to cover the main courtyard/elevated plaza in between the multi-purpose hall and prayer hall. Besides producing a welcoming effect, the glass roofing intended to produce dramatic shadow casting within the space below.

6.1.1

Conventional post and beam structure

Conventional post and beam applied for most of the building. In line with the linear and rigid layout, rc post and beam system were selected to reduce the construction cost, shorter construction time and its outstanding durability

6.1.2

Shear wall system

Shear wall construction system applied for the fire staircase part. Act as the design feature for building and at the same time produce a clean and seamless for the appearance.

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6.2 Sectional study

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6.3 Detail structural study 6.3.1

Roof structure

The overhang sky roof structure offers a set of lights and shadows in every hour of the day giving the main courtyard a particular brightness. The perforated Islamic pattern installed in between every segment to project shadow casting below.

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6.3.2

Faรงade structure

Both multi-purpose hall and prayer hall were apllied with the double skin facade apporach. First is to allow for natural ventilation and reduce the dependency on mechanical ventilation system and second is to produce a seamless effect for the building in line with the minimalism concept.

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6.3.3

Double skin faรงade (prayer hall)

2000MM

1200MM

Material : Aluminum plate Thickness : 5.0mm Normal size : 1200*2000mm Surface treatment : Powder coated Shape : folded panel Perforation pattern : square perforation straight line with custom pattern

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6.3.4

Exploded / blow up detail study

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6.4 Bomba requirement 6.4.1

6.4.2

Fire appliance access

Purpose group

-All building more than 7000 cubic meter shall attach to access road or open area (Minimum width – 12m).

-Road/Access width – minimum 6m (Maximum width of appliance is 2.5m) & can withstand load of fire engines (Maximum weight – 26 tonnes) -Maximum gradient to access is 1:12.

-Minimum overhead clearance for access is 4m height.

-Fire appliances turn-around requirements: T-turn, Shunt or Circle

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6.4.3

Fire hydrant and site planning

6.4.4

Travel distance

according to ‘seventh schedule’ in UBBL

-Away from obstacles such as street furniture -Not less than 2 metres from adjacent building and overhang -Between 0.61 to 2.4m from fire appliance access -Away from the risk of vehicular damages -Not more than 91.5m apart from each other hydrant

distance between hydrant -H1 to H2 = 45.4 -H2 to H3 = 59.6 -H4 to H5 = 69.6 -H5 to H6 = 54.4m -H6 to H7 = 56.8m -H7 to H8 = 61.0m -H8 to H9 = 55.8m -H9 to H10 = 50.4m no. of hydrant = 10 no. of assembly point = 5

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6.4.5

Occupancy load

6.4.6

Compartment

6.4.7

Active provision

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6.4.8

Staircase calculation

largest floor area nett floor area occupancy load no. of person per floor

: (institutional) : 672.5 sqm : 4.5 net / person

: 672.5 sqm / 4.5 : 149.4 persons no of person per unit width : 22 total exit width : no. of person / 22 : 149.4 / 22 : 6.8 units total exit width required : 6.8 unit x 550mm : 3740 mm

largest floor area nett floor area occupancy load no. of person per floor

: (place of assembly) : 1167 sqm : 1.5 net / person : 1167 sqm / 1.5 : 778 persons no of person per unit width : 75 total exit width : no. of person / 75 : 778 /75 : 10.4 units total exit width required : 10.4 unit x 550mm : 5705 mm

total exit width required

: 3740 + 935 + 5705

: 10380 mm : 1500 mm : 10380 / 1500 : 6.92 : 7 staircases no. of horinzontal exit provided : 7 + 1 : 8 staircases total exit width provided no. of horizonal exit required

largest floor area nett floor area occupancy load no. of person per floor

: (other residential) : 1881 sqm : 24 gross / person : 1881 sqm / 24 : 78 persons no of person per unit width : 45 total exit width : no. of person / 45 : 78 / 45 : 1.7 units total exit width required : 1.7 units x 550mm : 935 mm

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6.5 Telecommunication and control system Application purpose: As to protect people and the switching system against overvoltages and overcurrents.

Connects private or public lines coming into a building with the internal network. As a test point between a line and the exchange equipment.

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6.6 Telecommunication and control system Demand estimation: types of loads: 1. Lighting and power suppy outlet 2.Air-conditioning and ventilation 3.Equipment and future load growth total floor area therefore: 1.lighting and power suppy outlet

2.Air-conditioning and ventilation

3. Equip. and future load growth

: 0.9 w/ sqft :4.7 w/ sqft : 20% of above : 7950 sqm / 85573 sqft. : 85,573 x 0.9w : 77015 w : 77 kw : 13196 x 4.7 : 62021 w : 62 kw : 20% of above : 20/100 x (77+62) : 20/100 x 139 : 27.8 kw

thus, maximum demand require is

: 77 + 62 + 27.8 : 166.8 kw (single chamber TNB substation were used) Power supply system compoents provided to a group main disconnect switch and circuit breaker Total gross floor area : 7900 sqm Total MSB area required : (7900/1000) x 2 sqm : 15.8 sqm 2 sqm for 1000 sqm floor area.

Thus total size of generator provided is Total gross floor area :7900 sqm Total MSB area required : (7900/1000) x 2 sqm : 15.8 sqm

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6.7 Water supply system 6.7.1

Daily water consumption

1 students : 250 liters per day no. of students : 360 pax total capacity needed : 90,000 liters + 1day backup : 180,000 liters : 39600 gallons 1 tank : 1m x 1m x 1m : 400 gallons no. of tank needed : 39600 / 400 :10

6.7.2

Water consumption

zone a : 4840 / 11660 x 67 : 28 tanks : 28 cu.m zone b : 3440 / 11660 x 67 : 20 tanks : 20 cu.m zone c : 2340 / 11660 x 67 : 13 tanks : 13 cu.m zone d : 1040 / 11660 x 67 : 6 tanks : 6 cu.m

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6.8 Sewerage and rain water harvesting 6.8.1

Sewer calculation

population equivalent (PE) : 1 per student no. of student : 360 total population equivalent : 360 x 1 : 360 PE 6.8.2

Rubbish disposal

calculation of rubbish compartment: 1 cu.m : 110 sqm nett building area nett floor area : 7950 therefore : 7950/ 110 : 72.27 cu.m standard size of rubbish compartment : 4m x 8m x 4.5m : 137.60 cu. m no. of compartment needed : 72.27 / 137.60 : 0.53 : 1 unit

6.8.3

Rain water harvesting calculation

Catchment area X rainfall depth X conversion factor 31200 sqft.

X 8.5 inches

X 0.623

:165219 gallon/month

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

6.9 Air conditioning system 6.9.1

Calculation

location: teachers office office + admin seminar room library multi purpose hall

: 195 m2 : 423 m2 : 216 m2 : 364 m2 : 636 m2

total conditioned area for this project : 1834 m2 teachers office office + admin seminar room library multi purpose hall

: 126000 btu : 52 hp : 246000 btu : 94 hp : 126000 btu : 52 hp : 246000 btu : 94 hp : 306000 btu : 122 hp

total hp needed

: 414 hp

6.9.2

Proposed scheme

VRF, variable refrigerant flow the system offer high levels of of energy efficiency, as well as flexibility. It is a compact, modular and save a lot of energy. This system consist of one condensing unit that provides refrigerant to several indoor fan coil. why VRF? -energy saving -requires much less spaca -piping length can go up to 100m max -constantly adjusts the amount of refrigerant being sent to each evaporator.

-take advantage of existing heat or cool air within the space.

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6.10 Vertical transformation system

6.10.2 Proposed scheme

6.10.1 Calculation interval : 35s average lobby waiting time : 21 handling capacity : pax capacity : 20 normal load/trip : 15 5min. standard rule of thumb: handling capacity : 300p/l p: car loading l: interval percentage handling capacity (PHC) : 16% As an example: Assuming a total population of 400 persons and a desired HCP of 16%, one may arrive at a good estimate of the number of passengers per trip: p = POP x HCP --------------300/I Where: p = Number of Passengers (per trip) POP = The number of persons on floors served by the elevator system (ground floor excluded) HCP = Handling Capacity Percentage (16% = .16) I = Maximum Acceptable Interval (in seconds) 300 = Seconds available in five-minute peak period (5 x 60) In my example, using 30 seconds as the I: (400 x .16) divide by (300 / 35) = 8 In other words, a trip every 30 seconds for 300 seconds, will result in 10 trips. Carrying 8 passengers on each trip, a total of 80 passengers will be carried in five-minutes, which of course, is

6.10.3 On-site installation

15% of 400.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

7. SPECIAL STUDY ‘THE BREATHING FAÇADE’

7.1 Material selection Powder coated, perforated aluminium panel will ensure the beauty of the seamless skin besides offering light weight construction option for the building.the aluminium panel can also act as a sunscreen and provides ventilation, as well as being long-lasting and easy to relocate.

The innitial idea of the mashrabiya screen is to allow cross ventillation and also enhance the

7.2 Design consideration

usage of natural light. the application of genrative/ perfomative pattern was to create more attrac-

The basic geometry of the screen devised basic islamic pattern. size of opening is then

tive facade for both prayer hall and multipurpose hall. besides, the random pattern also intended

manipulated to create more attractive generative pattern on the screen. size and location of

to enhance the lighting effect both from outisde (during night) and inside (during daytime

opening responded directly to the wind flow direction and solar radiation receive by the facade.

To ensure the optimum ventilation and control the thermal comfort within the space, several consideration were taken during designing stage for example the solar reception, wind flow orientation and finally the pattern of the opening.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

7.2.1

Wind flow study

7.2.3

Generative pattern

Firstly, the overall wind flow pattern within the building were simulated. Taking consideration from

Finally, the pattern and size of opening of the facade were generated. Using generating

the exisiting wind flow direction, the critical area were identified according to surface pressure

software, it helps designer to pick point and control the size of oppening based on the generated

generated.

result before.

7.2.2

Thermal and solar study

Next step is to study the solar radiation recieved bt the building surface. This help to identify which portion absorbed most heat and how to adjust the oppening according to the generated result.

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

7.3 Design outcomes (psychometrics study)

7.3.1

Solar gain inside prayer hall

Installation of the perforated panel helps to reduce the soalr gain within the space thus increasComparative study were made to show/prooving the cross ventilation and thermal comfort of the

ing the thermal comfort of the prayer hall.

prayer hall. Two different result were generated based on two material usually installed as the solid glass/cladding panel

cladding materials.

Perforated aluminium panel

yellow colour indicates the hottest portion of the

lower heat radiate within the space

space directly resulting from the location of the window

7.3.2

Day lighting projection inside prayer hall

Installation of the perforated panel helps to control projected light within the building. smaller amount penetrated light intentionally hope to make the prayer hall more dim to boost the contemplation mood of the inhabitant.

light colours show natural light projection within

the perforated screen resulting more uniform dark

existing window

atmosphere inside the prayer hall

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

7.4 Cross ventilation inside prayer hall (sectional plane study)

7.5 Flow line of air within the prayer hall Fully enclosed surface may result the air to be diverted around the building thus producing

Figures below show the movement of wind flow across the prayer hall. Dark colour indicates

higher wind velowcity. The perforated panel otherwise allow penetration of air thus stabilising the

slowest movement of air within the space. Main intention of the perforated panel is to allow max-

speed and movement of the air.

imum flow of air within the space in order to ensure thermal comfort of the wor shiper. solid glass/cladding panel

Perforated aluminium panel

uniform dark blue colour inside the prayer hall

light colour shows movement of crossed air within

indicates minimum movement of air

the space.

solid glass/cladding panel

solid glass/cladding panel

Perforated aluminium panel

Perforated aluminium panel

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PONDOK ISLAM DARULNAIM || MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE UITM PUNCAK ALAM

CONCLUSION With new approach in term of design and program, this new project hopes to make pondok institution more competitive among other islamic schools. Equally important, it also to make sure pondok student is well respected by the society by allowing them to be part of the pondok and get to know the beauty of pondok system. As stated earlier, pondok’s substantial differences are the moderate way of living inside the pondok itself and harmonious living between the students and community. Thus in this sense, the concept of minimalism in architecture was highlighted to suit with the moderation or voluntary poverty that exists within pondok schools. Interpretation on certain minimalist elements into the building hope to create spaces that able to give moral meditation and at the same time promotes integration between pondok students and community.

In a long run, the rejuvenation of this institutional system in intended to produce intellectual students with strong Islamic background which able to lead a society and solve arising problems.

The idea of connecting the missing link between Turathi system and modern system perhaps would be the best solution to educate these young Muslims to be the future leader of our country.

REFERENCES: Websites: Modernism101.com,(2012).36 Rassegna Minimal (online) Available at: http://modernism101.com/ [Accessed 13 July 2016] Archdaily.com,(2010).AD Classics: Villa Savoye /Le Corbusier (online) Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/ [Accessed 13 July 2016] Walkerart.org,(2005). Donald Judd, Walker Art Center Collection (online) Available at: http://www.walkerart.org/ [Accessed 5 December 2016] Walkerart.org,(2012). Amaryllis and the 100th Anniversary of Tony Smith’s birthday (online) Available at: http://www.walkerart.org/ [Accessed 6 December 2016] Schwingeninswitzerland.wordpress.com,(2012). Reims Cathedral, It’s History Has More Drama Than A Telenovela. (online) Available at: https://schwingeninswitzerland.wordpress.com/ [Accessed 7 September 2016]

Stephendanko.com, (2007). The Vilnius Cathedral (online) Available at: http://stephendanko.com/ [Accessed 7 September 2016] Mimoa.eu,(2009). Kunstaus Bregenz, Peter Zumthor (online) Available at: https://www.mimoa.eu [Accessed 5 December 2016] Ronenbekerman.com,(2011). Church of Light, Tadao Ando (online) Available at: http://www.ronenbekerman.com/ [Accessed 12 July 2016] Ideasgn.com/2005). New Museum / SANAA (online) Available http://ideasgn.com/ [Accessed 26 November 2016] Illinois.edu,(2009). Japanese architectural trends reflect unique realities, scholar says. (online) Available at: https://news.illinois.edu/ [Accessed 25 November 2016]

Amagazine.com, (2015). Austerity And Sensuality – Therme Vals (online) Available at: http://amagazine.com.au/ [Accessed 5September 2016] Architravel.com,(2011). Peter Zumthor (online) Available at http://www.architravel.com/ [Accessed 5 September 2016] Wikiarquitectura.com,(2014). Thermal Vals (online) Available at: https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/ [Accessed 5 Semptember 2016]

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journal:

books :

Auer, G. (1988). Vom Nutzen des Nichts: Minimalistische Formen und Formein in der Architektur, Daidalos.

Goodman., H. F. M. a. D. (2011). An Introduction to Architectural Theory: 1968 to the Present.

Pawson, J. (2011). The Voice of Matter (2006-2011). El Croquis(158).

Carmagnola, F., et al. (1996). Minimalismo: etica delle forme e nuova semplicitĂ nel design, Lupetti & Company.

Brooker, G. (2013). Key interiors since 1900: Laurence King.

Einnemee (2014). "THERME VALS, PETER ZUMTHOR." Lizzie's Blog.

Glancey, J. and R. Bryant (1990). The new moderns, Beazley.

Goodman., H. F. M. a. D. (2011). An Introduction to Architectural Theory: 1968 to the Present.

Ibelings, H. (1998). Supermodernism: Architecture in the age of globalization, Nai Uitgevers Pub. Jencks, C. (2002). The new paradigm in architecture: the language of post-modernism, Yale University Press.

Lancaster, C. (1953). "Japanese Buildings in the United States before 1900: Their Influence upon American Domestic Architecture." The Art Bulletin 35(3): 217-224.

Macarthur, J. (2002). "The look of the object: Minimalism in art and architecture, then and now."

Architectural Theory Review 7(1): 137-148.

Melhuish, C. (1994). "On Minimalism in Architecture." Architectural Design(110): 8-13.

Pallasmaa, J. (1994). "An architecture of the seven senses." ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM-TOKYO-: 27-38.

Pawson, J. (2011). "The Voice of Matter (2006-2011)." El Croquis(158).

Pawson, J. and P. Doze (1996). Minimum, Phaidon.

Stevanovic, V. (2011). "Cultural based preconceptions in aesthetic experience of architecture."

Spatium(26): 20-25.

Stevanovic, V. (2013). "A Reading of Interpretative Models of Minimalism in Architecture."

Metu Journal of the Faculty of Architecture 30(02).

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APPENDIX:

Ground floor plan Scale 1 : 500

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Scale 1 : 500

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Scale 1 : 500

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Scale 1 : 500

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Scale 1 : 500

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