MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (SERI ISKANDAR) AP 213 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.SC.) ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING
MARCH 2015 - JULY 2015
AAR 635 TOPICAL STUDIES: ADAPTION USAGE OF BUILDING, CASE STUDY AT PLAN B, JALAN PANGLIMA, IPOH PERAK
MOHD. AMIR ASYRAAF BIN ZULKIFLI 2012235376
ADAPTION USAGE OF BUILDING, CASE STUDY AT PLAN B, JALAN PANGLIMA, IPOH PERAK
This report has been submitted to the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA PERAK (Seri Iskandar), to fulfill the requirement of AAR 635 TOPICAL STUDY.
Prepared by
:
Mohamad Amir Asyraaf Bin Zulkifli
UiTM No.
:
2012235376
Program
:
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE AP213
Year/ Semester
:
6/2015
Session
:
March2015 – July 2015
Faculty
:
Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying
Supervisor
:
Pn. Afiqah Bt Ahmad
II
DECLARATION I hereby declare that this research paper and the research to which it refers are the product of my own work and that any ideas or quotations from the work of other people, published or otherwise are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard academic practices.
Name
:
Mohd Amir Asyraaf Bin Zulkifli
UiTM No.
:
20126235376
This research had been checked by: Supervisor
:
Course Coordinator :
Pn. Afiqah Bt. Ahmad Prof. Madya Dr. Ismail Bin Samsuddin
__________________________
__________________________
Signature of Supervisor
Date
__________________________
__________________________
Signature of Course Coordinator
Date
III
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praises and thanks to Allah the Almighty for his blessing and kindness towards me by providing the appropriate time to finish this dissertation of AAR 635 Topical Study and
lending me His strength and wisdom to ease
the process despite the challenges to completing the given task.
First, I would like to sincerely express my gratitude to my supervisor that is my thesis coordinator, Pn Afiqah bt. Ahmad for her patience, motivations, understanding, and the relentless support with his immense knowledge for this research study throughout the semester in ensuring for me to complete the task immaculately.
A great thanks to my respected inspire, Pn Suzana Said, my PA, Mr. Izat as my practical advisor and AR. Badrul HIsham the principle of Badrul Hisham Architect for inspire me in handing and broaden up my gaze on the topic of my study. They are the most wonderful people for driving my passion in my journey as an architecture student. I do appreciate it.
One thing that i would not forget until the end of my life is i always appreciate is my beloved parents for the endless love and supports regardless the condition. By being there for me in all the time especially the hard time really moves me to strive harder and keep moving. IV
Not forgetting, all the participant that have taken part in helping me in my research, a big thanks for the great and most helpful responds given and cooperation that helps me in collecting sufficient information during my visits.
Finally, big thanks to all my friends for the suggestion, moral support, prayers and thousands of ideas to me in making this a success researches. I really appreciate their compassion and confidence towards me.
V
TABLE OF CONTENTS DISSERTATION
I
DECLARATION
II - III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
IV - V
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VI - VII
LIST OF TABLES
VIII
LIST OF FIGURES
IX
ABSTRACT
XII
1.0
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
1 2
1.1
Statement of Problem
1.2
Purpose of Study
1.3
Aim and Objective of Research
1.4
Scope of Study
3 3 3
2.0
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW
4
2.1
Background of Ipoh
4
2.2
Background of Plan B
5
2.3
Types of shophouse in Ipoh
6
2.4
Adaptation of building
7
2.5
Case Study
11
VI
3.0
4.0
5.0
CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY
17
3.1
Observation
17
3.2
comparison
17
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
18
4.1
Enclosure
18
4.2
External / Wall
19
4.3
Roof
20
4.4
Faรงade
24
4.5
Five-Footway
26
4.6
Roof Covering
28
4.7
Stairs
29
4.8
Rear Faรงade
30
4.9
Flooring
31
4.10
Ceiling
33
4.11
Wall And Buttress
34
4.12
Air Well
36
4.13
Mechanical And Electrical System
38
4.14
Sanitary, Piping And Drainage
43
4.15
Modification
45
4.16
Addition
47
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
51 52
VII
LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1
PAGE
Shows the information about the enclosure of Plan B 23 compare with guidelines provide by MBI.
Table 4.2
Shows the comparison between MBI guideline and the Plan 24 B building.
Table 4.3
Shows the comparison about the subject on roof as tiles, the structure, ridge, skylight, roof projection and the rain water
25
down pipes. Table 4.4
Shows the comparison the faรงade of Plan B and the MBI 29 guideline.
Table 4.5
shows the comparison of the spec of five-foot way provide by 31 MBI and the plan B.
Table 4.6
Shows the comparison of Plan B roof covering and MBI 33 guideline specification.
Table 4.7
Shows the stairs specification from MBI and the stairs being 34 adapt to use the Plan B concept.
Table 4.8
Above shows the aspect of windows, doors, air holes and 35 boundary walls in compare to MBI guidelines.
Table 4.9
Shows the comparison of Plan B flooring and finishes to 36 compare with MBI guideline specification.
Table 4.10
Shows the specification of Plan B ceiling in compare with 39 MBI guidelines.
Table 4.11
Above shows the aspect of partition walls in compare to MBI 40 guidelines.
VIII
Table 4.12
Shows the specification of Plan B ventilation in compare with 42 MBI guidelines on air well.
Table 4.13
Shows the Plan B mechanical and electrical systems on electrical channels, kitchen exhaust fan and AC unit in
44
compare with MBI guideline. Table 4.14
shows the comparison between the Plan B sanitary, piping, 50 and drainage systems to the guideline provide by the MBI,
Table 4.15
shows the specifications allowed by MBI guideline in 52 compare with Plan B
Table 4.16
Shows the comparison on the addition made by Plan B with 54 the MBI.
IX
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.3.1
PAGE
From A to D above shows the types of shophouse found in
12
Ipoh. Figure 2.5.1
Shows the facade of Reichstag building.
13
Figure 2.5.2
Show the entrance to the Reichstag building.
14
Figure 2.5.3
Shows the decoration created on the wall
14
Figure 2.5.4
Above shows the interior cafĂŠ of Reichstag.
15
Figure 2.5.6
Shows the picture of open cafĂŠ of Reichstag
15
Figure 2.5.7
Shows the view of Reichtag dome
15
Figure 2.5.8
Shows the view of Reichtag roof
15
Figure 2.5.9
Shows the dome of Reichtag view from the inside of the
16
building. Figure 2.5.10
Shows the dome of Reichtag view from the inside of the
16
building. Figure 2.5.11
Shows the adaptation done into the Reichtag building.
16
Figure 2.5.12
Shows the adaptation done into the Reichtag building.
16
Figure 4.2.1
Shows material use for Plan B finishing
24
Figure 4.3.1
Shows the type of roof use at Plan B as covers.
25
Figure 4.3.2
shows the structure of the Plan B roof
25
Figure 4.3.3
shows the structure of the Plan B roof
26
Figure 4.3.4
Shows the Plan B as single unit building.
26
Figure 4.3.5
Shows the adaptation of using skylight applied in Plan B
27
Figure 4.3.6
Shows the roof projection of Plan B
27
X
Figure 4.3.7
Shows the rain water down pipes systems use in Plan B
28
Figure 4.3.8
Shows the rain water down pipes systems use in Plan B
28
Figure 4.3.9
Shows the rain water down pipes systems use in Plan B
28
Figure 4.4.1
Shows the façade of Plan B
29
Figure 4.4.2
Shows the façade of Plan B
29
Figure 4.4.3
Shows the façade of Plan B
29
Figure 4.5.1
Shows the floor finishing in Plan B café
31
Figure 4.5.2
Shows the floor finishing in Plan B café
31
Figure 4.5.3
Shows the floor finishing in Plan B café
31
Figure 4.6.1
Shows the type of roof covering applied in on Plan B.
33
Figure 4.6.2
Shows the type of roof covering applied in on Plan B.
33
Figure 4.8.1
Shows the front and back façade of Plan B.
35
Figure 4.8.2
Shows the front and back façade of Plan B.
35
Figure 4.8.3
Shows the boundary wall of Plan B
35
Figure 4.10.1
Shows the ceiling use in Plan B roofing system.
39
Figure 4.11.1
Shows the uses of metal partition
40
Figure 4.11.2
Shows a partition build from brick.
40
Figure 4.12.1
Shows the ventilation system of jack roof use in Plan B.
42
Figure 4.13.1
Shows the wiring applied in the concept of Plan B café.
44
Figure 4.13.2
Shows the AC units and the concept applied on it in order to
45
make it unseen from people‟s sight. Figure 4.13.3
Shows the AC units and the concept applied on it in order to
45
make it unseen from people‟s sight. Figure 4.13.5
Shows the AC units and the concept applied on it in order to make it unseen from people‟s sight.
XI
45
Figure 4.13.6
Shows the image of Plan B with the exhaust fan installed
49
Figure 4.13.7
Shows the image of Plan B with the exhaust fan installed
49
Figure 4.13.8
Shows how plan B adapt to use the natural lighting of sun
50
light. Figure 4.13.9
Shows how plan B adapt to use the natural lighting of sun
50
light. Figure 4.14.1
Shows the plumbing system use in Plan B concept.
50
Figure4.14.2
Shows the plumbing system use in Plan B concept.
50
Figure 4.14.3
Shows the floor traps designed in one of the plan B toilets.
50
Figure 4.14.4
Shows the drainage system use to flow the rain water from the
51
café. Figure 4.14.5
Shows the drainage system use to flow the rain water
51
Figure 4.15.1
shows the additional futures add in front of the Plan B façade.
53
Figure 4.15.2
shows the additional futures add in front of the Plan B façade.
53
Figure 4.16.1
Shows the roof systems use in Plan B structure.
54
Figure 4.16.2
Shows the roof systems use in Plan B structure.
54
Figure 4.16.3
Shows the roof systems use in Plan B structure.
54
Figure 4.16.4
Shows the additional landscape seated on the front façade of
56
Plan B that once are used as the main entrance to the Chinese theatre. Figure 4.16.6
Shows the new wall of the Plan B. it‟s show how the new
57
owner controls the material use in doing renovation on the building. Figure 4.16.7
Shows the existed column that connects to the foundation of the building.
XII
58
ABSTRACT
This study will be presented on the adaption usage of colonial shophuse, case study at Plan B, Jalan Panglima, and Ipoh Perak. As state by Langston et al.(2008) “Most buildings have an effective life span and once exceeded, two options exist, demolition or revitalization.� Observation and comparison be used as the method of study to gather information on the adaption usage of colonial shophouses at Jalan Panglima, Ipoh Perak. The procedure will be took place at Plan B as the case study and other few colonial shophouse nearby as reference. In observing the site, taking photos for reference and record information are needed. From the images that have been captured, comparison of the pictures will take place in identify the adaption use by Plan B in using the existing structure. From the comparison, a table will be produced to present the data. From the study, can be conclude that the guideline provide is not fully obeyed. There is still leeway in complying with the guidelines provide by the Badan Warisan Negara. It can be conclude that the guideline should be fully complied by Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh in allowing any renovation on the buildings that should be classified as heritage building.
XIII
1.0 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Ipoh is the capital city of Perak, Malaysia. This city was once dominated by tin mining. Located in a valley known for its mining of tin, the Kinta Valley used to be the famous and the biggest tin mining area on earth in the 19th century. Not only just tin mine, but Ipoh are also famous with its mysterious lime stone caves and beautiful mountain ranges, delicious food, friendly citizen and attractive history. Used to be the second in Malaysia that gain the status of city in year 1988 after Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh is one of the major cities in Malaysia with the population around 700,000. Began as a small village in 1870's, tin mining industry, which has become a major industry in the world has opened the door to immigration from China and India, which have boosted the city's development since 1890's. The town later becomes to be the capital of Perak on the Japanese occupation `in World War II. A rich source of tin has brought prosperity to many Ipoh miners that while formerly known as the City of Millionaires.
This development happened so fast. Many blocks of pre-war shop houses in the centre of Ipoh can remain completely untouched. However, the current owners just do not appreciate the architecture of the building before the war, or have any interest in restoring old buildings and chose to tear them down. This is exactly the same "tragedy" that has happened to the shophouses of Chung On Siew Street, Ibis Style Hotel last location, and blocks of shops in Hume Street. If the business man or the wealthy corporate keeps aside the heritage building and destroy it clearly for the growth of the city, it will be meaningless if
we tell future generations and visitors about the history of
1
Ipoh but there's only the pictures of it left. Many think that the preservation of heritage just to maintain some famous buildings. This reason alone is equivalent to letting a tree remained, while entire of the forest being sweep off.
2
1.1. Statement of Problem Adaptation of buildings is one of the solutions to the problem of disposal of the historical building. This adaptation is to meet the new function of the buildings in replace of the original purpose of the building why it was built. Adaptation was done to accommodate the new functionality of existing building structure of the building. This is done in order to appreciate and preserve the original appearance of the buildings as it is important in history.
Most buildings have an effective life span and once exceeded, two options exist, demolition or revitalization. (Langston et al. 2008)
Adaptive reuse is often identified as a preferred revitalization option. (Langston et al., 2008 and Yung and Chan, 2012)
Proponents of adaptive reuse argue it can extend the useful life of buildings, may be more cost effective than demolition and rebuilding, and has the added benefits of reducing material, transport and energy costs associated with new builds. (Ball, 1999, Bullen, 2007 and Bullen and Love, 2010)
Its benefits also extend well beyond the building's footprint to help revitalize existing neighbourhoods, reduce land consumption and urban sprawl, create a valuable community resource and, importantly, retain the character of existing neighbourhoods to enhance place attachment and lead to the aesthetic continuity of urban landscapes.(Ball, 1999 and Bullen, 2007).
3
1.2. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to identify the purpose why the adaptation is done at shophouse building in the city of Ipoh. Next study will compare the buildings renovated with the guidelines provide by the Badan Warisan dan Budaya. This comparison is aimed at ensuring that the guidelines provided are fully complied with by the city council to approve any application for the addition and renovation of buildings that are considered as the historic building to our country and Ipoh it self
1.3. Aim and Objective of Research ď Ź
Identify the adaptation made at the colonial shophouse in Ipoh.
ď Ź
To study the guideline from Badan Warisan dan Budaya Malaysia that controlled by Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh (MBI)
1.4. Scope of Study The study will be focused on the renovation made at the colonial shophouse at Ipoh Perak.This study focuses only on the changes made by the new owners of the building in the creation of new functions to the buildings without destroying, altering or eliminating the historical value of the buildings should in this respect. Therefore, the new owner should maintain the original structure of the building and every material use to build the building for its renovation.
4
2.0 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Background of Ipoh Ipoh is a town that grew between two rivers.
The date Ipoh founded was
not known, but in the 1880, they laid the foundations of „the town that tin built‟. Belongs to Malay legend, Dato Panglima Kinta owe their origin to a certain sea captain from Sumatra. He and his men are on their way up the Kinta River until they came to Gunong Cheroh. They stopped there as it is not possible to pole further up the stream. While resting, they encountered a genie whose home was in the hill. It revealed to the sea captain the name of the river and bade him to take the name of Kulop Kinta and call himself Lord of Kinta. The origins of the story are obscure. In fact the founder of the family of Dato-datoPanglima Kinta was a certain Tun Saban Balik, who came to the district in the fifteen century or earlier. There is little evidence to support the historical authenticity of the tale but the story of Ipoh must start somewhere and since it is quite impossible to give precise time and circumstance to the foundation of the town. In the legend, important facts that emerge, first, the link established between Ipoh and the family of DatoPanglima Kinta, and other, is the link between Ipoh and the river. There is no doubt that Ipoh grew up on the land belonging to the DatoPanglima Kinta. In 1888, Edward Brewster, the Acting District Magistrate and Collector reported, “the land upon which the town is built was formerly a kampong land, the greater part of which belonged to the DatoPanglima Kinta. With the approval of the Collector and Magistrate, the
5
Dato divided his land into building lots and sold them to Chinese at $25 a lot”. In conclusion, inference remains, that Ipoh was situated in the heartland of the DatoPanglima Kinta‟s domains.
2.2 Background of Plan B Plan B is a cafe at 75, Jalan Panglima, 31650 Ipoh. The building was belongs to the Far View company that has headquarters at Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur. The 90th century building originally built as a Chinese theatre and subsequently converted into a hawker centre and subsequently closed before reopening as a furniture store. After few periods passed, the buildings at 75, Jalan Panglima, 31650 Ipoh, this was then again left unoccupied. In around 1990, the buildings purchased by the Far Sight company which then rents the building site to The BIG Group cooperation. The cooperation then sent a petition to the city council to make the buildings as a cafe and it then named The Plan B.
This area was once famous as it is the focus of the family. Adjacent to “Kedai Kopi Kong Heng” is so well known in Ipoh, is where Plan B cafe located. The area was also known as the row of Chinese eatery. Until now, this area is filled with visitor especially the Chinese who want to experience the luxury of great food.
6
2.3 Types of shophouse in Ipoh
Figure 2.3.1: from A to D above shows the types of shophouse found in Ipoh. 7
2.4 Adaptation of building
By referring the oxford online dictionaries, adaptation is the action or process of adapting or being adapted. In biology, it is the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.
A building is a structure with roof and walls referred to the oxford dictionaries
and
from
Wikipedia,
they
state, building is
a
man-made structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place.
Adaptation adjusts or repair buildings adjusted to the conditions. Boyd and Jankovic showed that the factor of adaptation to the building can be seen from the five factors: the condition of the occupants, the impact that affects adaptation, policy planning, and sustainability of the building (Avelyn and Guang Min. 2011).
In adapting to building occupants to adjust the financial condition of the house and benefits for the future. (Gann and Barlow, 1996)
8
From Adams, in his writing in Revitalization on Building: Strategies, Needs and Heritage, he said that, “The preservation and conservation of heritage building are importance because this is an historical heritage of a country. Without such evidence is likely to apply to a country to lose the history of their own identity and if this continues another nation that has strong ties with the country are able to colonize the country due to evidence the original inhabitants of the country had already disappeared.�
The thesis clearly state thatâ€&#x;s it is important in conserving our heritage building because the building itself is the proof and it may tell us a story of that place at a moment. History is important to help the new generation to understand who they are. A society without a clear history is likely to lose direction or even more worrying is to losing themselves.
In the ensuring the history, thus, the maintenance of heritage buildings is important to ensure that evidence of a history everlasting. By applying and use the concept of adaptation of buildings should be implemented to ensure that the building is protected and conserved.
9
As state by NurZulaika Bt. Atrah in her writing in Revitalization of Malaysia Old Town: Strategies and Consideration of Urban Fabric Intervention
“A
building can tell us many things such as the cultural value as well as the sense of place that helps to strengthen the place identity. Thus, these indicators will intrigue the anxiousness within one self to know more about the people and culture of the particular place. Historic preservation is always related to the values, including of architecture value, cultural value, social value, aesthetic value, the value of sense of place, and value of functional diversity”
The article tells us that the architecture of a building do relate with the culture and sense of place. This two factor do relate with the history of the country.
From the article, Zulaika also did mention about the Strategies for Revitalization of Historical Buildings. There Zulaika state that one of the factors is by rehabilitation. She state that “Whether with or without adaptive alterations, the best way of preserving building is to keep them in use. The original use is generally the best for conservation of the fabric, as it means fewer changes. However, in order to ensure the economic vitality, some of the old function of a building is turned into different function that has more potential of generating income.” She also said that “Adaptive Re-use (a form of adaptive alteration) defined as conversion of a building into a use other than that for which it was designed. For example, turning a block of
10
shophouses into a boutique hotel. However, the architectural façade treatment is retained to preserve the heritage value of the historical building as well as to maintain the existing public realm.” There, she also mentions that Yusof et al, 2007 said that, “Urban conservation also helps to reduce urban sprawl and reduce the creation of new towns through the revitalization of old town and adaptive reuse of the old buildings. This is more sustainable than to open new land because in the old town, basic infrastructure and the amenities are established. Delaying the need to build new towns is also a good practice for sustainable development by preventing extensive clearing of forested areas for urban expansion”.
11
It is said In the Revitalization of industrial buildings into hotels: Anatomy of a policy failure by, Lianping Ren, Louis Shih, Bob McKercher, there are six types of obsolescence ant that is; 1. Physical obsolescence where the building experiences natural decay over time. 2. Economic obsolescence where the building no longer generates the return on investment desired by the owner. 3. Functional obsolescence where current uses of the building no longer meet its needs. 4. Technological obsolescence where the building is no longer superior to alternatives. 5. Social obsolescence where the building no longer meets fashion or behavioural trends. 6. Legal obsolescence where the building no longer satisfies a variety of building ordinances.
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2.5 Case Study
Figure 2.5.1 shows the facade of Reichstag building. Reichstag, New German Parliament Berlin, Germany 1992 – 1999 By, Foster and Partners
Description The transformations of the Reichstag are rooted in four related issues: the Bundestag's significance as a democratic forum, an understanding of history, a commitment to accessibility and a vigorous environmental agenda. As found, the Reichstag was mutilated by war and insensitive rebuilding. The reconstruction takes cues from the original fabric; the layers of history were peeled away to reveal striking imprints of the past - stonemason's marks and Russian graffiti scars that have been preserved as a 'living museum'. But in other respects it is a radical departure; within its heavy shell it is light and transparent, its activities on view.
13
Public and politicians enter the building together and the public realm continues on the roof in the terrace restaurant and in the cupola, where ramps lead to an observation platform, allowing people to ascend symbolically above the heads of their representatives in the chamber.
Figure 2.5.2 show the entrance to the Reichstag building. Figure 2.5.3 shows the decoration created on the wall
The cupola is now an established Berlin landmark. Symbolic of rebirth, it also drives the building's natural lighting and ventilation strategies. At its core is a 'light sculptor' that reflects horizon light down into the chamber, while a sun-shield tracks the path of the sun to block solar gain and glare. As night falls, this process is reversed - the cupola becomes a beacon on the skyline, signalling the vigour of the German democratic process.
14
Figure 2.5.4 above shows the interior café of Reichstag. Figure 2.5.6 shows the picture of open café of Reichstag
The building provides a model for sustainability by burning renewable bio-fuel – refined vegetable oil in a cogenerator to produce electricity: a system that is far cleaner than burning fossil fuels. The result is a 94 per cent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Surplus heat is stored as hot water in an aquifer deep below ground and can be pumped up to heat the building or to drive an absorption cooling plant to produce chilled water. Significantly, the building‟s energy requirements are modest enough to allow it to produce more energy than it consumes and to perform as a mini power station in the new government quarter.
Figure 2.5.7 shows the view of Reichtag dome Figure 2.5.8 shows the view of Reichtag roof
15
Figure 2.5.9 and Figure 2.5.10 the inside of the building.
shows the dome of Reichtag view from
Figure 2.5.11 and 2.5.12 shows the adaptation done into the Reichtag building.
16
This building has been awarded,
Awards Architekturpreis 2000 des BDA Berlin Auszeichnung The Design Sense Corporate
Award Preis des DeutschenStahlbaus 2000 Eurosolar „German Solar Prize in the field of
Renewable Energies‟ ECCS European Award for Steel Structures – New Dome at the
Deutscher Architekturpreis Architects‟ Journal and Bovis Europe Grand Award for
Architecture at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition DuPont Benedictus Award – Special
Recognition Design Council Millennium Product Award
Sustainability of the building,
Site and Climate
The design utilises natural light as an architectural feature. Careful attention was paid to the sun‟s movement around the building and how this could be used to bring light into the space.
Form and Massing
The renovation project sought to bring light and openness into the building. To accomplish this, a large dome shaped sky light was installed to help capture and reflect daylight deep within the structure.
17
Passive Design
The solar collector brings natural lighting into the heart of the building, whilst an automated solar shade protects against unwanted, direct solar gain. The main chamber of parliament is naturally ventilated via the cupola.
Environmental Systems
The building was designed to optimise the use of passive systems whilst minimising active systems. Both the artificial lighting and ventilation are controlled by a central BMS system and a heat exchanger recovers waste heat from the exhaust air.
Renewable Energy
A biofuel powered, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) provides approximately 80% of the annual electricity and 90% of the heat load of the building. A large Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) acts as a seasonal store of both heat and coolth. Photovoltaic‟s on the roof power the solar shade within the light sculpture.
Energy Infrastructure
The CHP and GSHP units, at peak operation, provide energy to both the Reichstag and surrounding government buildings.
18
Mobility and Connectivity
There are public transport links near to the building and a large number of bike racks for both staff and visitors.
Materials and Waste
The design aimed to protect and maintain the masonry shell of the heritage building, whilst redeveloping some of the core areas. By retaining most of the original building structure, construction and demolition waste was significantly reduced.
Water
Inside the building low flow fixtures and fittings were selected to help reduce the potable water requirements. All landscaping is either low maintenance or hardscaping, to minimise water usage.
Land and Ecology
The bio-fuel used to power the CHP unit is derived from locally produced rapeseed vegetable oil. The Reichstag, next to the River Spree, is surrounded by landscaped areas, with a mix of biological diversity that is protected and managed.
19
Culture and Heritage
In stripping back previous reconstruction to the building, striking imprints from the past were unearthed, including graffiti left by Soviet soldiers. These discoverers influenced the design, creating a space that sought to become a „living museum‟ of German history. Drawing light into the heart of the building, helped to create an open and visible platform for the German democratic process.
Wellbeing
The design sought to bring light and fresh air into the heart of the Reichstag, improving user wellbeing. The additions of viewing galleries and breakout spaces have brought additional amenities to the building.
Prosperity
The use of a locally produced biodiesel has helped protect and enhance the local agricultural economy. Increased tourist numbers to the Reichstag, has bought added benefits to the immediate vicinity.
Planning for Change
Creating a building that was open and honest about its past has helped it become open-minded and forward-thinking about its future. The Reichstag has now become a beacon, signalling the vigour of the German democratic process.
20

Performance in Use

The operational energy profile for The Reichstag, shows that it uses 57% less primary energy than typical existing buildings, and 39% less than the requirements for new buildings.
21
3.0 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 OBSERVATION Identify the change made by the Plan B owner in adapting the place to be a faรงade by maintaining existed structure.
3.2 COMPARISON From the observation, comparison with the guideline provide by the Badan Warisan dan Budaya are conducted and the difference will be the
point of
the conclusion either the adaptation done is according to the guidelines provided.
22
4.0 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS Table below shows the comparison between the case study and the guideline provided by the Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh.
4.1 ENCLOSURE Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
Original materials,
Plan B is a cafĂŠ that is
designs and finishes
being adapted in an
should be used. Original
abundant furniture store.
size and decoration on
The structure is actually
the doors and walls must design to be a Chinese be maintained and
theatre.
rebuilt as the original or a material that matches the original material. The colours used should be appropriate and additions of new structures in the area are not allowed Table 4.1 shows the information about the enclosure of Plan B compare with guidelines provide by MBI.
23
4.2 EXTERNAL / WALL Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
Finishing and Materials
The building use glass
colour, designs and
wall and brick walls as to
original packaging
separate the space. The
should be used. Original
brick wall made by the
size and decoration on
original specification by
the doors and walls must using red brick, lime be maintained and
plaster and lime mortar.
rebuilt as the original or
The usages of
a material match to the
transparent glass wall are
Figure 4.2.1 shows material original material. The use for Plan B finishing
allowed because it does
colour scheme used
not affect the origin
must be suitable and
scenery.
harmony with the character of the heritage buildings and the streetscape. Only water-based paint type can be used. Table 4.2 show the comparison between MBI guideline and the Plan B building.
24
4.3 ROOF Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
Tiles The originality of the
Plan B failed to comply
installation method and
with the specifications;
tiles should be preserved
they use a transparent
and maintained.
plastic and metal roof
V or U profile does not
deck instead.
Figure 4.3.1 shows the type glossy, natural clay of roof use at Plan B as colours are allowed. covers.
It affects the external view, however, it
- Terracotta tiles, clay,
increase the architecture
Marseilles profile (Indian
value inside the
or French),
buildings.
- Slate Profile, steepness, height, original separation wall should be maintained
Figure 4.3.2
Structure of Main Roof
Plan B was constructed
Type of roof structure:
using steel beam and
- The construction
column construction
involves the construction
method where they can
of wooden shophouses
have a long spent and
purlin mounted
create a large space for
horizontally between the
people.
loads bearing wall that
The element and
25
Figure 4.3.3
acts as a binder between
function of the beam and
the structures of the
purlin is still there, but
separation wall.
the material use is steel
- Wood purlin installed
and it is allowed.
(roof beams) between the horizontal load bearing
Figure 4.3.2 and 4.3.3 shows the structure of the Plan B roof
wall - Use either truss system using wood or steel Roof Ridge Roof ridge up to the peak
As shown in the picture,
of the roof. Wall divider,
Plan B is a self-unit
finishes, decoration or
building and itâ€&#x;s not
details contained on the Figure 4.3.4 shows the Plan B as single unit building. ridge.
connected to the building around it,
- Shophouse in earlier divider wall is not going to raise the roof with neighbours - Houses transitional and eclectic shops – divider wall is raised
26
Skylight The new skylight is not
Plan B building do use
allowed. Original design if
sky light but it was not
there is to be maintained.
sure if they was an existing structure when it was still a theatre.
Figure 4.3.5 shows the adaptation of using skylight applied in Plan B Roof Projection Shophouses building shall The roof projections are Figure 4.3.6 shows the roof projection of Plan B
maintain the faรงade,
maintained.
including all the elements contained in the projection of the roof and the elements that support the roof projection
27
Rainwater Drains / Gutters And Downpipes Installation of a new gutter The gutter is place
Figure 4.3.7
for better building
because the design for
maintenance is allowed.
the rain water drainage
Gutter installation in a
is not good enough.
heritage building and an
Other than that, it
additional building is in
improves the view of the
the displacement of 1.2
place.
meters between the two buildings. This is aimed at The placements of gutter ensure the historical
are done as written in
building walls dry from
the guideline.
moisture. Figure
4.3.8
Figure 4.3.9
Figure 4.3.7, 4.3.8, and 4.3.9 shows the rain water down pipes systems use in Plan B
Table 4.3 shows the comparison about the subject on roof as tiles, the structure, ridge, skylight, roof projection and the rain water down pipes.
28
4.4 FACADE Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
Facade Front, Side and Rear
Figure 4.4.1
Figure 4.4.2
Figure 4.4.3
The original facade
They do retain the origin of
should be retained and
the façade and they do use
repaired or rebuilt.
the same material to
Demolition, renovation,
renovate the building. It
the addition is not
canâ€&#x;t be ensure either if
allowed. Original
they did any demolition to
material, mortar, and
the building because they
plaster must be
only rent the place from far
maintained. Only works
sight.co.
repair and restore the original appearance is
In my study, the renovation
allowed. The original
done on the wall and the
facade is meant the
facade of the building are
original facade as built.
followed the guideline
Restoring the original
provide.
material is required. The Figure 4.4.1, 4.4.2, and 4.4.3shows the façade of Plan B
missing element must be in accordance with the original design of the original wood and
29
canopy tiles must be maintained and preserved and according to the original design as a historical document elements that can be used as a reference. Table 4.4 shows the comparison the faรงade of Plan B and the MBI guideline.
30
4.5 FIVE-FOOTWAY Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
Gloss ceramic tile is not
There is no changers
allowed.
done on the most surface
This element is essential of the floor, they are
Figure 4.5.1
to sustained for study
maintaining the existed
and recommendation by
finishes.
experts. These elements should be maintained and restored. If damaged must installed with a new one. Traditional Finishing, eg; Terracotta tiles, terrazzo tiles, and mosaic represents the era of the
Figure 4.5.2
building. Sometimes there messages and information to be conveyed to the public by the designer. This
Figure 4.5.3
element is necessary for maintained. The original
Figure 4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.5.3 shows the floor finishing in shape and colour should Plan B cafĂŠ
31
be maintained (salvage). Terracotta tile finishes is recommended. The original ceiling profiles, design and decoration should be maintained. Table 4.5 shows comparison of the spec of five-foot way provide by MBI and the plan B.
32
4.6 ROOF COVERING Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
New roof profile at the
The owner of the Plan B
back of kitchen is
does maintain some of
permitted subject to the the originality of the roof. Figure 4.6.1
Figure 4.6.2
ceiling height
Today, they use
requirements.
transparent and metal
Note: Refer to the
roof as the roof covers for
guidelines to allowable
the Plan B. The
building height. Figure 4.6.1 and 4.6.2shows the type of roof covering applied in on Plan Roofing materials must B. correspond to the main roof. Materials such as
transparent roofing might not from the original design, but itâ€&#x;s match with the design of Plan B
zinc, asbestos, metal deck, etc.is not allowed. Table 4.6 shows the comparison of Plan B roof covering and MBI guideline specification.
33
4.7 STAIRS Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
The original main
Plan B does not have
staircase should be
stairs to the upper floors,
maintained at the
however, close to the
original location.
study area there are several buildings that use
Figure 4.7.1
1. The main staircase
the adaptation and same
should be maintained, if
concept as plan B. refers
the new household is
picture taken, this
allowed to an
adaptation seems match
emergency and to
with the concept that has
comply with the
been used and it does not
requirements of the MBI. appear deviate 2. Building materials and significantly even using a new design and location
material other than wood.
of the stairs must correspond to design of Figure 4.7.2
the original building. 3. A new staircase can
Figure 4.7.1and 4.7.2 shows the structure of suggested to comply stairs present near the Plan B. with the statutory bodies and can be adapted to the design. Table 4.7 shows the stairs specification from MBI and the stairs being adapt to use the Plan B concept.
34
4.8 REAR FACADE Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
Windows, doors and
Figure 4.8.1
air holes (vents)
They did some renovation
The material should be
on the front façade but
preserved.
not the rear façade. In this
1. If the development or
case, the façade are
renovation is allowed,
block by the trees while
the rear façade shall be
the back façade is left
appropriate with the front untouched. façade. 2. The back lane must be restored and improvise. 3. Placement of bins Figure 4.8.2 Figure 4.8.1 and 4.8.2 shows the front and back façade of Plan B.
must be in an enclosed space. Rear boundary wall Exist as wall
The wall is preserved, no
decorations.
modification done.
The original height and design should be Figure 4.8.3 shows the boundary wall of Plan B
preserved and restored.
Table 4.8 above shows the aspect of windows, doors, air holes and boundary walls in compare to MBI guidelines.
35
4.9 FLOORING Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
Lower Level 1. Level and the original
There is no upper level in
structure should be
Plan B cafĂŠ.
maintained
Therefore the original
2. The difference in level
structure and level are
between the floor of the
maintained.
main room with a kitchen Those level assigned and area or rear court can be approved, are follow By customized
Law.
3. The difference in level between the main floor and the air wells floor should be maintained. 4. The study from qualified engineer is required to work with the heavy burden of structure on the original structure. 5. Repairs are allowed. 6. Upgrading work on the plumbing system must be minimized if
36
such working involves scraping and damaging the original structure
37
Upper Level The original packaging
There is no upper level in
must be retained.
plan B
Replacement of damaged material must be equal to or Close to the original material and size. For wet areas as examples the toilet and kitchen, concrete floor with a damp-proof layer can be used. The original design must be preserved and restored. Wooden floors in good condition shall be Maintained. Compliance with the requirements of fire brigade should be done sensitively. Table 4.9 shows the comparison of Plan B flooring and finishes to compare with MBI guideline specification.
38
4.10 CEILING Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
Upper and Lower Floor
Figure 4.10.1 shows the ceiling use in Plan B roofing system.
Ceiling
Plan B does not have
The existing ceilings and
upper or second floor,
decorative profiles should
but the triple volume
be restored.
space do use ceiling to
New ceiling is allowed if
cover the metal roof and
the total interior space is
absorb the sound of rain
maintained and original
hitting the roof.
features such as cornices, arches, capitals and stucco decorative unprotected. The appropriate type of paint to be used. Painting methods and provided surface that needs to be paint properly done. Installation of aluminium or metal frame is not allowed.
Table 4.10 shows the specification of Plan B ceiling in compare with MBI guidelines.
39
4.11 WALL AND BUTTRESS Plan B MBI guideline
Note
Partition Wall Repair work are allowed
The original partitions are
but must be in
left untouched.
accordance with the
Figure 4.11.1 shows the uses of metal partition
original design,
They do add some more
materials and
partitions to divide space of
construction methods.
the shop lot.
The materials used do not damage the integrity
The additional partition is
structural of the wall and
using metal and it followed
cause disruption to the
the concept of Plan B and
building next door.
Sekeping Kong Heng
Separation wall and the
Hotel.
wall - The walls are load Figure 4.11.2 shows a partition build from brick.
bearing walls. Disruption in any part will weaken
Figure 33 and 34 shows the the structure. wall that function as partition wall to separate The walls should be the spaces. preserved and restored with the proper method of using the same materials and traditional
40
methods. Disturbances in the original structure are not permitted unless the design method that has been approved by a qualified engineer. Table 4.11 above shows the aspect of partition walls in compare to MBI guidelines.
41
4.12 AIR WELL Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
These elements are
Plan B does not have any
essential for ventilation
air well, but they have big
systems in buildings.
openings. Triple volume
This system allows the
space and big ventilation
internal space constantly window at the roof that comfortable.
makes the ventilation runs perfectly.
This space recommended to be Figure 4.12.1 shows the ventilation system of jack roof use in Plan B.
keeping as it is works well to reduce the use of mechanical ventilation. Size Depending on the size of the premises. Need to be restored and maintained. Floor Finishing Replacement of damaged or installation of new material to be the same as the original material. Slippery and
42
glossy floor finish are not recommended Windows, shutters, vents, facial board, carving, balustrade mouldings and other Shall be restored as the damaged object be replacement or install with new material as same as the original material. Roof Coverings Adjustable roof, light or flexible for this area could be considered on safety aspects as subject to the design and construction materials used. Permanent structures from concrete material are not allowed.
Table 4.12 shows the specification of Plan B ventilation in compare with MBI guidelines on air well.
43
4.13 MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Plan B MBI guideline
Note
Safety Supervision Position and location of the installation of CCTV and other monitoring system should not disrupt the façade and cable installation shall be made in a sensitive and unobtrusive building fabric. Not allowed in the five-foot way. Electrical channels
Some of the cables are
The wires must be put
left to be seen with
with metal clips, and use
purpose. The cable itself
colours that match the
will increase the value of
colour of the walls.
the space in Plan B
Figure 4.13.1 shows the wiring applied in the concept of Plan B cafĂŠ.
44
Figure 4.13.2
Air Conditioner Unit
Interesting things adopted
Not allowed in front of
by this cafe is they paint
the facade of either the
their air conditioner
ground floor or upper
compressor in black.
facade or side facade. Roof space can be used
One of the reason is the
to put the compressor
theme of the cafĂŠ itself is
and should be well
black.
planned to keep the Figure 4.13.3
Figure 4.13.5
Figure 4.13.2, 4.13.3 and 4.13.5 shows the AC units and the concept applied on it in order to make it unseen from people’s sight.
existing roof structure
In my opinion it is done
and control the moisture
because it hard to be
generated by the
seen if it is painted in
system.
black.
Placement of the unit should NOT be done on the existing wall as it will cause the moisture in the walls. Designers and engineers must propose an appropriate system. For the construction of a new cooling tower is not allowed.
45
TV Transmitter Place the transmitter on
There is no TV transmitter
the front facade is not
or antenna seen.
allowed. Water Tank or Solar Panel
There is no water tank or
Water tanks and other
any solar panel visible.
outdoor installations
As a cafĂŠ that provide
shall be prevented from
food and water is
visual views by using
important to them to cook
baffle wall / screen and
n cleaning, they do have
covered.
water tank.
The water tank should
The water tank is
be hidden from visual
perfectly hidden from
view.
human sight.
Steep roof or trellis is recommended. Installation of a new roof is allowed depending on size and technology more appropriate to heritage environment. Elevator Installation of an
Plan B does not have
elevator to the top space elevator as it is only
46
air wells or beyond
single floor building.
annexed building is allowed. A motor that stands out from the roof is not allowed. Pit holes, the size and structure of the elevator that need additional support should be minimal and does not interfere with the structure of the floor, walls and others. The use of the elevator should be restricted to those with disabilities only. Kitchen Exhaust Fan The exhaust fan should
Even though the exhaust
be placed on the back of
fans spoiled the view of
the kitchen courtyard or
Plan B faรงade, it is need
back lane.
to be use because they
Duct size should not be
have minimum openings
too large and cause
in the kitchen.
47
Figure 4.13.6
significant noise.
From Jalan Panglima, the
Installation of air
exhaust fans can easily
conditioning is not
be seen, but from Jalan
recommended.
Bandar Timah, even the
However, if the natural
façade is hidden by the
ventilation system and
trees from public view.
fans are less efficient, air conditioning installations Figure 4.13.7
are allowed but the use of 'ducting' is prohibited.
Figure 4.13.6 and 4.13.7 shows the image of Plan B with the exhaust fan installed
New addition space at the back should be providing for the air conditioning compressor. (These elements should be shown in a plan on making an application to the Local Council) Lighting Minimum lighting on a
Unique skylight and bulbs
pole / wall is allowed.
that use exposed wired is
Hot temperatures can be one of the characters
Figure 4.13.8
used minimally on the
adapt in the cafĂŠ.
facade.
They minimize the use of
48
Installation must be
pole, and do minimize the
done carefully and
damage in installing the
minimize damage to the
lighting.
building fabric.
Some bigger volume
Lighting installation can
space use spotlight to
be done as part of the
minimize the number of
street furniture elements
light source itself.
and is not attached to Figure 4.13.9 Figure 4.13.8 and 4.13.9 shows how plan B adapt to use the natural lighting of sun light.
the facade of the building. Installation of lights and lighting systems with modern and fancy is not allowed.
Table 4.13 shows the Plan B mechanical and electrical systems on electrical channels, kitchen exhaust fan and AC unit in compare with MBI guideline.
49
4.14 SANITARY, PIPING AND DRAINAGE Plan B MBI guideline
Note
Plumbing Water supply pipes must
In some parts, pipe
be hidden in the wall or
connections are
installed in the wall surface
hidden, but in some
by using metal clips.
other, the pipes are exposed and it is to
Figure 4.14.1
The installation must be
increase the quality
done with care and
of the space.
minimize the damage to the fabric and bricks in the wall.
Figure 4.14.2 Figure 4.14.1 and 4.14.2 shows the plumbing system use in Plan B concept.
The pipeline should be installed at suitable locations. Sanitary Pipeline
Figure 4.14.3 shows the floor traps designed in one of the plan B toilets.
Waste pipe and floor traps
The design and
should be in accordance
installation of the
with regulatory
waste pipe and floor
requirements. The
traps do follow the
installation should be done
regulatory
with caution, engineers
requirements.
involved shall ensure that
50
the damage is minimal and at the appropriate location. Drainage
Figure 4.14.4
Provides proper drainage
The drainage
at the perimeter of the
system doesnâ€&#x;t
building with the
seem effective
appropriate size.
because of the
The existing drains should
depth of the
be maintained and
drainage, but there
repaired.
is no renovation took
All types of drains and
place on it.
drainage, existing scupper
Therefore I conclude
drain should be maintained
that the drainage is
and repaired.
effective enough
New drains must have
actually.
suitable design and depth. Figure 4.14.5
Figure 4.14.4 and 4.14.5 shows the drainage system use to flow the rain water from the cafĂŠ.
Table 4.14 shows the comparison between the Plan B sanitary, piping, and drainage systems to the guideline provide by the MBI.
51
4.15 MODIFICATION Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
Basement Basement is not the
The cafe does not have
character of heritage
basement.
building. Renovation to build it is unpermitted. Water Features Indoor water feature
There is no water
may increase moisture
features install in the
and encourage mold and building. harmful bacteria it is allowed depending on the design, location and size.
52
Additional Features
Figure 4.15.1
Additional features that
As shown in the images,
fully closed the building
there are trees blocking
facades like wire mesh,
the front faรงade of Plan
billboard advertising
B. the trees do function
boards or other
as the shading device as
temporary structures
the building facade are
that do not correspond
constructed using glass.
to the heritage buildings and environments are Figure 4.15.2 not allowed. Figure 4.15.1 and 4.15.2 shows the additional futures add in front of the Plan B faรงade.
Table 4.15 shows the specifications allowed by MBI guideline in compare with Plan B
53
4.16 ADDITION Plan B
MBI guideline
Note
Addition of Roof
Figure 4.16.1
Addition to the front
Some parts of the roof
facade is not allowed.
have been replaced with
Addition of steep roof at
transparent roofing. This
the back facade that
is to allow the natural
compliance with the
lighting to occur.
height guidelines is
There is no addition of
allowed.
roof on the front façade,
Materials and steepness
even at the side or its
for the new roofing
rear façade.
should be in accordance
Plan B café do use jack
with the main roof in
roof to allow natural
terms of colour,
ventilation to occur.
steepness, texture, Figure 4.16.2
material, profile and the internal structure. Flat roofs are allowed only for green roof garden.
Figure 4.16.3
For construction works
Figure 4.16.1, 4.16.2, and 4.16.3shows the roof systems use in Plan B structure.
involving structural work below ground level, a study on existing
54
buildings and its environments need to examine the level of the existing structure. Jack roof allowed if adjacent buildings have jack roof. Dormer window and Skylight are not allowed.
55
Additional Facades Amendments to the
The faรงade of the place
facade to comply with
are blocked by the trees
the guidelines are
in front of it.
allowed other than repair Even thou there is trees, work.
we still can see they use
Additional on the rear
glass as to separate two
facade that complies
space.
with the height
Actually using glass is
guidelines must
forbidden but they do
harmony with the
allow it in some cases.
existing building.
As this case, transparent
Modern materials are
glass is used to reflect
allowed but must form
the activity inside the
harmony design and
space.
Figure 4.16.4
Figure 4.16.5
correspond to the
Figure 4.16.4 and 4.16.5 shows the additional landscape seated on the front faรงade of Plan B that once are used as the main entrance to the Chinese theatre.
heritage facade and around in terms of texture, profile, colour and performance. Traditional roofing material should be used. Materials such as metal or PVC sheet asbestos are not allowed.
56
Finishing Appropriate finishing and in compliance with the existing building is required. Use of shiny material and glass is not recommended. Figure 4.16.6 shows the Floor finish must be the new wall of the Plan B. it’s show how the new owner controls the material use in same as the existing doing renovation on the textures, colours and building. materials.
They do use the same type of material but different type of brick texture and size compared to the original one,
Finishing materials of the same or close to the original is required.
57
Pile and Foundation Method excavation for
There is no changes
new foundation (piles for done to the existing building two levels) is
foundation and there is
subject to approval by
no addition of pile and
the engineer.
foundation for the
The methods of
function of the space.
statement to support and Figure 4.16.7 shows the existed column that connects to the foundation of the building.
ensure the neighbourhood structure are well-kept need to be approved before the work start. TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOWERS Telecommunications
There is no tower or any
tower or any other on the other objects that roof or side of the
function as it can be
building gantries in line
seen from peopleâ€&#x;s
with or behind the
sight, all of are properly
facades of the site is not
hidden.
allowed. Table 4.16 shows the comparison on the addition made by Plan B with the MB specification.
58
5.0
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion The buildings that have been renovated or extended are in accordance with the guidelines provided by the Badan Warisan dan Budaya and the renovation itself are monitored by the Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh.
Recommendations It is strongly recommended for the Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh to ask the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for the declaration of Ipoh town as the one of the historical cities in Malaysia because it also has various historic building that needs to be preserved.
59
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Book Background of Ipoh
Riwayat Kinta by A.Talib bin Haji Ahmad, Pustaka Rusra, 1953.
IPOH- The Town That Tin Built, Mayor of Ipoh City Council 1995, Haji Ahmad Saleh Bin Haji Sarif.
IPOH- When Tin was King, Ho Tak Ming, 2009
Riwayat Kinta by A. Talib bin Haji Ahmad. Pustaka Rusra, 1963
Adaptation
Garis Panduan Kawalan Kerja-Kerja Pemuliharaan Bangunan Warisan Kategori 2.(Rancangan Kawasan Khas Pekan Ipoh –Bandar Warisan Bijih Timah)
Chen Strategic assessment of building adaptive reuse opportunities in Hong Kong
Build. Environ., 43 (10) (2008), pp. 1709–1718, by Langston et al., 2008, C. Langston, F. Wong, E. Hui, L.
Revitalization on Building: Strategies, Needs and Heritage, Deborah Page-Adams, PhD, assistant professorReceived September 12, 1996. Accepted December 6, 1996.
Revitalization of Malaysia Old Town: Strategies and Consideration of Urban Fabric Intervention by NurZulaika Bt. Atrah, B.Arch., Department of Build Environment, Uni. Technology of Malaysia
60
Internet adaptation
Riska, Novia. "Adaptasi Bangunan." Academia.edu. Web. https://www.academia.edu/5594998/Adaptasi_Bangunan
1800
24-05-2015
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/adaptation 1800 24-05-2015
Revitalization of industrial buildings into hotels: Anatomy of a policy failure by, Lianping Ren, Louis Shih, Bob McKercher, http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu. my/science/article/pii/S0278431914001030 (Available online 28 June 2014)
building
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/building1429 23-05-2015
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building1429 23-05-2015
61