subway

Ana Farate 2008-274

Gonçalo Maia 2008-283

Alexandre Bernardo 2008-344

Sofia Alves 2008-291

PICTOGRAMS AND SIGNAGE Lisbon Subway

André Gandum 2008-282

Joana Ambrósio 2008-317

Rationale

The place of intervention chosen was the Lisbon Subway.

The Lisbon Subway was inaugurated on the 29th of December 1959, and then hasn't been any changes since the 29th of August 2009. If you are on the Lisbon Subway and pretend you are a tourist, it won't be long before you understand that you will get lost.

The reason why changes are needed, in signage, is because they fail to give the information properly, or they have visual and communication problems.

For instance, the pictograms background colour is dark blue and the type is light blue, or the pictogram has text and it's written only in Portuguese, or the

names and colours of the subway lines are misadjusted, which can make it difficult for someone with a visual impairment and the pictograms to identify the line are to complex.

The existent signage is the name and colour of the tube lines, with symbols that help to represent them (yellow line – sunflower; blue line – seagull; red line – compass; green line – caravel); along with pictograms such as: ticket sell, stairs, escalator, elevator, w.c., emergency exit, bus, train, etc.

We decided to create some pictograms which colours were understandable at any distance, and that placed the pictogram as helper to understand in

which line to which they belong to, by putting the same background colour on the pictogram as the colour os the line itself.

We also thought that the placing of the signage and pictograms should respect everyone, no matter which height they have, by putting them in visible places, as well as a clear visual language in comparison with the previous signage. In case of a visually impaired person, a pictogram which identifies the line is now added to most of the signs.

Visual Impairment Data A handicap can be described as a loss or deficiency in a structure, eitherpsychological, physiological or anatomic in nature.

Visual impairment includes everyone with a sight privation or a strong sight reduction. It also includes individuals who are unable or have strong difficulties to perform tasks that require distance vision, peripheral vision, or nearsightedness like reading the newspaper, writing, distinguish television images at a 6 feet distance, check the time on a watch, recognize faces, even when using glasses or contact lens. _Population Distribution with disability, by type of disability, Portugal 2001: Visual Impairment:

25,7%

Visual impairment was the only disability that observed a larger number on females (52,4% against 47,6%). _Average age of total resident population and disabled population, by type of disability and by gender:

Total Men Women

Visual Impairment 49,1 47,1 50,9

_Disability rate, by type of disability and by region: Visual Impairment Lisbon and Tagus Valley 1,5%

_Population distribution with disability, by type and livelihood, Portugal 2001: Visual Impairment Work 39% Pension 38% Depend on their family 12% Other 11%

About 70% of the population with visual impairment does not present any degree of incapacity.

Sources: Comissão Europeia (2001) “Attitudes of Europeans to Disability”, Eurobarometer 54.2, European Commission, Unit EMPL/E/4, 2001.

INE (2000) “Programa Global Censos 2001”, Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Lisboa, 2000.

INE (2002) “Resultados Definitivos Censos 2001 – Portugal, Instituto Nacional de Estatística”, Lisboa, 2002.

SNR (1995) “Normas sobre Igualdade de Oportunidades para Pessoas com Deficiência”, Nações Unidas, SNR (1996) “Inquérito Nacional às Incapacidades, Deficiências e Desvantagens – Resultados Globais”, WHO (2001) “Rethinking Care from the Perspective of Disabled People”, Conference Report and Recommendations, World Health Organization – Disability and Rehabilitation Team, August 2001.

History Only after World War II with the recovery of the economy, and as a consequence of electrification policies, a firm decision to construct an underground system in Lisbon took shape. The company was founded on January 26th 1948 to conduct the technical and economic study of a passenger transport system, which would operate below ground level in some parts of the city of Lisbon.

The authorization for the installation and development of public services was granted on July 1st 1949. Construction works began on August 7th 1955 and four years later on December 29th 1959 the system started its operation. The initial section of

line opened to the public was an Y-shaped, Marquês de Pomba, and Entrecampos joining a common section of line, Marquês de Pomba, Restauradores.

It was a big event for the city and had an enormous success, transporting 15.3 million passengers in the first year. At the time of its opening the Lisbon Underground Railway was the fourteenth in Europe and the twenty-fifth in the world. The first was the London Underground Railway in 1863, developed from a concept of the english Charles Pearson.

The Lisbon underground railway became an important driving force in the development of the city, driving urban expansion

and acting as the main component of the city's transportation system due to its safety, speed and reliability. The first phase of construction was divided in several steps.

In 1963 the Restauradores / Rossio section was opened, in 1966 Rossio/Anjos and in 1972 the Anjos/Alvalade section was completed. In 1988, sixteen years after the last expansion, two new extensions were opened, one from Sete Rios (presently, Jardim Zoológico) to Colégio Militar/Luz covering the stations of Laranjeiras, Alto dos Moinhos and Colégio Militar, and the other from Entrecampos to Cidade Universitária. In 1993 two sections of line were

opened, Cidade Universitária – Campo Grande and Alvalade – Campo Grande line. Located on top of the Campo Grande viaduct, it was the first elevated station of the Lisbon Underground Railway.

In 1995 the separation of the lines in Rotunda (Marquês de Pombal) station, was a fundamental mile stone for the expansion of the underground, marking the first step towards the establishment of a network.

Two independent lines were established with transfer stations at Rotunda (Marquês de Pombal) and Campo Grande. In 1997 two new sections entered operation, Colégio Militar/Luz – Pontinha, and Rato, on the Yellow Line. In May 1998 the new Red Line "Alameda – Oriente" entered service. This was a particularly important milestone in the history of the Metropolitano de Lisboa (Lisbon Underground Railway) for it was the first time since its opening, in 1959, that a complete new independent line was built and put into service.

With the opening of this line the Lisbon Underground Railway has four independent lines, with a total length of about 30 km, and 36 stations of which four are double stations enabling the transfer between lines.The construction of the Red Line was particularly important not only because it served, through Oriente station, the important event which was the EXPO' 98 but also because of its contribution to the urban development of the whole western area of the city. In December 2007 the sec-

tion Baixa/Chiado - Sta Apolónia, on the Blue line entered operation covering two new stations representing two priviliged interfaces with the north train line and the south boat connection. The network will then consist of four independent lines with a total length of about 40 Km and 52 stations. The Lisbon Underground Railway will constitute the backbone of the city´s transportation resources.

Sketches

The first attempts to find a style for our own pictograms were based in geometric shapes. With time and research, the group adopted a more organic and linear stroke, bringing more freedom to the creative process

Basic Human figure (man)

Influence

In matter of influence for the construction of the pictograms and maps, we can state that the organic shape of the pictograms derived from the welldesigned Beijing Summer Olympics pictograms and the fact that the undergound line follows a curvilinear path aswell.

The maps were stripped down just to the essential, common factor in undergound maps from the major citires, like: London, Paris, NYC, Tokyo, etc.

Basic Human figure (woman)

Pregnant woman

Sketches Handicapped

Escalator

Lift

Woman with kid

Sketches No Smoking

Stairs

Bus

Train

Sketches Emergency exit

Tickets

Pictograms

Man Pregnant

Woman Handicapped

Pictograms Lift

Woman with kid

Escalator

No smoking

Pictograms

Bus Train

Stairs Exit

Pictograms Emergency EXIT

Telephone

Tickets

Pictograms

Yellow line

Blue line

Green line

Red line

Typography FF DIN

DEUTSCHE INDUSTRIE NORM

FF DIN LIGHT abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 0123456789.,;:\/?!@£§€%&(<>) FF DIN BOLD abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 0123456789.,;:\/?!@£§€%&(<>)

Colour Used in all signage in the yellow line

Used in all signage in the blue line

Pantone 130c RGB: 255, 194, 20 CMYK: 0, 25,100, 0

Used in all signage in the red line

Pantone 2738c RGB: 3, 78, 162 CMYK: 100, 80, 0, 0

Used in all signage in the green line

Pantone 1797c RGB: 225, 27, 34 CMYK: 0, 100, 100, 5

Pantone 355c RGB: 0, 166, 81 CMYK: 100, 0, 100, 0

1 2 3 4 5

Signs The construction of all signage (except information signs) is based in the use of a generic grid. The height is common to all signs, however the length will increase as more information you put on the sign. the grid works with modules, which will be added or subtracted as necessary. (the examples show a max. 5 module signals, but it can go higher).

arrow, text or pictogram

Module

arrow, text or pictogram

Module _Directional signs The direction signs have a defined hierarchy that must be followed. In the first module should be located the directional arrow (except if emergency exit sign exist), followed by the mean of locomotion (escalators, stairs or lift), the third specifies for whom the locomotion mean is, if necessary (eg. lift for wheelchairs), in fourth place should be placed the rest of the pictograms, and finally, the text to indicate the exit or the facility. In the last position should be added the pictogram that defines witch line are the signage from.

arrow, text or pictogram

Module

arrow, text or pictogram

230mm

To add dynamic to the signage, the hierarchy of the signs can begin, both left or right, if needed and if one of the positions of the hierarchy doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t aply to that sign, a module is subtracted to all pictograms.

Module

El Corte InglĂŞs

Module 1250mm (5*250mm)

250 mm

Identification signs

1

Module

2 3

Escadas Stairs

Bilhetes Tickets

Module

Cais do SodrĂŠ Module

All signs are in 1:4 scale

Directional signs

Telefone

3

Phone

Linha Vermelha Red Line

Parque

All signs are in 1:8 scale

4 5

Module

Module

Module

Information signs Diagrama da Rede Network Diagram

Zona 2

Odivelas

Amadora Este

Zone 2

Zona 1

Senhor Roubado

Alfornelos

Zone 1

Ameixoeira

Pontinha

Oriente

Lumiar

Carnide

Quinta das Conchas

Colégio Militar / Luz

Campo Grande

Telheiras

Alto dos Moinhos Laranjeiras

Cabo Ruivo

Alvalade

Cidade Universitária

Jardim Zoológico

Chelas

Roma

Entre-Campos

Praça de Espanha

Olivais

Campo Pequeno

Arreiro

Bela Vista Olaias

Saldanha

São Sebastião

Alameda Arroios Picoas

Parque

Anjos Intendente

Marquês de Pombal Avenida

Martim-Moniz

Lisboa Lisbon

Rio Tejo

Tagus River

Você está aqui!

You are here!

Linha Azul

Rato

Restauradores

Rossio

Blue Line

Baixa-Chiado

Linha Amarela Yellow Line

Linha Vermelha Red Line

Linha Verde Green Line

Santa Apolónia

Cais do Sodré Terreiro do Paço

Diagram of the subway network, stripped down to the bare esencial. The original size is 1000mm by 700mm, so this exemplification is in 1:3 scale.

Information signs

Oriente

Odivelas

Senhor Roubado

Ameixoeira

Cabo Ruivo

Lumiar

Olivais

Quinta das Conchas

Chelas

Bela Vista

Olaias

Alvalade

Roma

Arreiro

Alameda

Arroios

Cidade Universitária

Entre-Campos

Campo Pequeno

Saldanha

Picoas

Laranjeiras

Jardim Zoológico

Praça de Espanha

Anjos

Intendente

Martim-Moniz

Rossio

Restauradores

Avenida

Alfornelos

Pontinha

Carnide

Colégio Militar / Luz

Alto dos Moinhos

Parque

Cais do Sodré

Linha Azul

Marquês de Pombal Amadora Este

Santa Apolónia

Baixa-Chiado

Campo Grande Telheiras

Terreiro do Paço

Blue Line

Rato

Linha Amarela Yellow Line

Linha Vermelha

Zona 2

Zone 2

Diagram of the subway network, stripped down to the bare esencial, for use inside the carriages.

The original size is 1500mm by 300mm, so this exemplification is in 1:4 scale.

Zona 1 Zone 1

São Sebastião

Red Line

Linha Verde Green Line

Mandatory signs & others

1

Module

2

Module

100mm

Others (1/2 scale)

Lugares Prioritรกrios Priority Seats

190mm

&

Comparison

Application Now it’s time to put all the theory in practice and show the ‘before’ and ‘after’ the intervention. We think that our that our solutions are an improvement compared to the existing ones. In our proposal there isn’t bad contrasts, the pictograms are more creative, the modular creation of the signs is very efficient and saves extra material.

Before

After

The changes made, besides allowing the identification of a lift for disabled people, ensures the viewer that he is on the red line, due to the signage colour.

Comparison & Application

Before

After

In this case, we re-design a mandatory sign and, by making it lower, almost eye level, we ensure the increase of visibility.

Before Re-design of mandatory sign

Before

After

In this case, we re-design a mandatory sign and the use of the modular construction grid reduces the size of the signla, making ir smaller and less expensive.

After

Before In this case, we make the identification of the station and direction of the other line less confunsing, by using less colours and more simple symbols to identify the line.

After

Comparison & Application

Before

After

Before

Again, the use of our system reduces the space needed for signage.

Before

After

Re-design of the subway map, making it more simple.

After Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s less confunsing to know in witch line we are, because all signs are yellow and/or have the symbol of the yellow line.

Before

After Re-design of the network diagram. Now is more simple and cleaner.