AMSA International eNewsletter Issue #22 by AMSA International

ISSUE #22

WORLD MENTAL HEALTH DAY 2017

LET’S TALK.

Table Of Contents

03# Editor’s Editor’sMessage Message Chapter Activities 05# Chapter Activities Mental Health in the Workplace 12# Mental Health in the Workplace AMSC 2017 Seoul, South Korea ALSA Profile 56# ALSA Profile AMSA Chapter Profiles 58# AMSA Chapter Profiles AMSA University Profiles 60# AMSA University Profiles AMSAUniversity University Activities 64# AMSA Activities Photography 79# Photography EAMSC2018 2018Nepal Nepal Promotional Promotional 88# EAMSC

EDITOR’S# MESSAGE#

AMSA# Interna7onal# eNewsle1er# is# a# media# that# provide# informa7ons# related# to# the# ac7vi7es#of#AMSA#members#from#various#chapters.This#eNewsle1er#also#is#a#place#for# every# individual# who# joined# AMSA# to# voice# their# work# and# aspira7on# in# the# form# of# wri7ng,#opinion,#and#even#photography.## The#goal#of#AMSA#Interna7onal#eNewsle1er#is#as#a#medium#of#inter]Chapter#to#share# informa7on#and#experiences#that#are#expected#to#give#beneﬁt#for#each#other.#Through# the# AMSA# Interna7onal# eNewsle1er# also# hopefully# will# able# to# give# updates# about# AMSA#Interna7onal#ac7vi7es#to#every#chapter.## This#Edi7on#will#be#about#World#Mental#Health#Day:#Mental#Health#in#the#Workplace.# This# theme# is# taken# from# World# Federa7on# of# Mental# Health# (WFMH)# in# order# to# commemorate#a#World#Mental#Health#Day#this#year.## We#have#a#high#hopes#that#this#eNewsle1er#will#bring#us#more#closer#to#each#other,#will# give#us#more#Knowledge#and#Friendship,#and#more#trigger#us#to#do#an#Ac7on.## Editorial#Board# AMSA#Interna7onal#eNewsle1er#2017/2018#

Newsle1er#22nd#Edi7on# World#Mental#Health#Day#2017:## Mental#Health#in#the#Workplace# Hanifan#Nugraha# Chief&Editor& Si7#Zakiaturrahmah# Woro#Ayu#Sekararum# Layout&Designers& Yao#Pei#Chi# Jasmine#Chua# Sankorat#Visedsintop# Joseph#M.#Husein# Oliver#Perez# Chen#Po#Yuan# Chapter&Representa6ve&

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CHAPTER#ACTIVITIES#

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REPORT# INDONESIA& THAILAND& CHINA&

AMSA]INDONESIA#

RAKERNAS#2017#:#Establish)Your) Personal)Hygene)&)Your)Reproduc9on.# AMSA$Jambi* University* is* located* in* jambi* province,* Sumatera* and* it* has* became* an* ac<ve*member*of*AMSA$Indonesia*in*2016* at* AMSA$Indonesia* Na<onal* Congress,* in* Solo.* A* challenge* and* pride* on* September* 8$10,* 2017,* AMSA$Unja* for* the* first* <me* has*the*opportunity*hos<ng*one*of*the*five* AMSA$Indonesia* na<onal* events,* it* is* AMSA$Indonesia's* Na<onal* Working* M e e < n g* ( R a k e r n a s )* i n* t h e m e d* reproduc<ve* health* with* the* topic* "Estrogen"*(Establish*your*personal*hygene* and* your* reproduc<on)* which* is* the* first* agenda* of* AMSA$Indonesia* tenure* 2017/2018.* Every* events* in* AMSA* must* involve* three* philosophies,* that* are* knowledge,*ac<on*and*friendship.*

On* the* ﬁrst* day* at* Rakernas,* there* was* a* welcoming*party*to*welcome*all*delegates.* The*party*included*a*tradi<onal*dance*from* Jambi,* namely* “Sekapur* Sirih”* dance.* The* dance*is*to*invited*the*guests*to*eat*“sirih”* that* is* given* by* the* dancers* as* a* symbolic* of*warm*welcome.*On*the*next*day,*we*had* lecture* about* adenomyosis* and* work* mee<ng* with* AMSA$Indonesia* execu<ve* board* approval* circuit,* AMSA$University* work* program* and* bidding* for* the* next* na<onal* event* that* was* presented* by* universi<es*who*applied*the*bidding.** At*night,*we*had*a*farewell*party*in*themed* “AMSA*Movie*Award”*which*was*ﬁlled*with* musical* performances* from* the* delegates* and*the*commiYees,*nomina<on*reading*at*

Rakerna delegate show* o AMSA* f closed*b of*AMSA ac<on*in bicycles how* to The*last which*is a*relic*o in* this* intraper beau<fu grow*la to*provi

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as* award* which* was* given* to* the* most* ac<ve* e*and*university*during*Rakernas,*and*the*fashion* of* the* execu<ve* board* and* the* representa<ves* from* all* over* Indonesia.* The* farewell* party* was* beau<fully*by*the*celebra<on*of*21st*anniversary* SA$Indonesia.*Then*on*the*last*day,*we*had*social* in*Muaro*Jambi*village,*the*delegates*were*riding* s*to*reach*the*villagers*house*and*socialized*about* o* maintain* personal* hygene* and* contracep<on.* t*ac<vity*was*a*city*tour*to*Muaro*Jambi*Temple,* s*the*largest*temple*complex*in*Southeast*Asia*as* of*the*Buddhist*kingdom*in*Indonesia.*Hopefully,* * Rakernas,* all* delegates* could* increase* the* rsonal* and* interpersonal* skills* and* have* a* ul*impression*and*hopefully*AMSA$Indonesia*will* arger*because*of*its*togetherness*and*keep*going* ide*great*beneďŹ ts*to*the*society.*

AMSA#THAILAND#

STOP#TEEN#MOM# AMSA* Thailand* is* more* than* happy* to* address* our* most* remarkable* and,* so* far,* most* successful* event* of* 2017* $* Community* Service* Trip.* This* year* we* arranged* our* 11th* trip* "STOP* TEEN* MOM"* f o c u s i n g* o n* t e e n a g e* p r e g n a n c y .* T h r o u g h* community* service,* we* aim* t o* e n c o u r a g e* m e d i c a l* students* to* expand* their* knowledge,* build* friendships,* and*at*the*same*<me,*beneﬁt* the*community.*

STOP*TEEN*MOM*was*held*in* September* 2017* at* Ban* Na* D i st r i c t ,* N a k h o n* N ayo k* Province.* Despite* eﬀorts* to* solve* teenage* pregnancy* problems,* Ban* Na* is* among* the* highest* prevalence* in* Thailand.* To* understand* the* problem,* our* students* had* a* chance* to* interview* people* f r o m* t h e* c o m m u n i t y* $* teachers,* local* poli<cians,* nurses,*public*health*oﬃcers,* and* teenage* parents.* Aaer* the* interview,* they* could*

discuss* about* the* problem,* l e a r n* a b o u t* a d o l e s c e nt* pregnancy* situa<ons* in* Thailand,* and* then* design* i n t e r v e n < o n s* f o r* t h e* community.*

“"!# ”"

AMSA#CHINA# AMSA#Medical#Drama#English# Dubbing#Contest#

AMSA* Medical* Drama* English* Dubbing* Contest* 2017,* held* from* October* 18,* 2017* t o* N o v e m b e r* 1 3 ,* 2 0 1 7 ,* i s* a n* unprecedented* contest* for* all* the* medical* students.* The* event* will* be* promoted* through* the* AMSA* CHINA* We* Chat* publicity.* We* really* want* all* the* students* could* par<cipate* in* this* ac<vely.* To* take* part* in* this* Dubbing* Contest,* you* can* choose* to* compete* individually* or* as* a* team,*but*there*are*no*more*than*3*people* in* one* team.* This* contest* is* mostly* online.* So* you* just* need* to* sign* up* through* WeChat,* then* ﬁnish* your* dubbing* works* and*send*it*to*the*speciﬁed*mailbox*within*

the*specified*<me.*You*can*choose*medical* film*related*materials*selected*by*the*AMSA* Organizing* CommiYee.* The* Ac<vi<es* Department* will* adapt* some* fragments* related* to* AMSA* which* is* used* for* the* AMSA*propaganda*in*advance.*Then*people* will*vote*for*their*favourite*works*online*by* WeChat,*and*the*vo<ng*is*limited*to*one*ID* can* only* vote* once* within* a* certain* period* of* <me.* At* the* same* <me,* we* want* to* expand*the*influence*of*AMSA*through*the* WeChat*vo<ng.*We*set*up*different*sorts*of* awards* and* the* AMSA* OC* will* present* the* Cer<ficate* of* merit* to* the* winning* teams* and* all* the* par<cipants.* Plus* there* will* be* AMSA*China*souvenirs*for*winners.*

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11#

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AN#OVERVIEW#

During* our* adult* lives,* a* large* propor<on* of* our* <me* is* spent* at* work.* Our* experience* in* the* workplace* is* one* of* the* factors* determining* our* overall* wellbeing.* Employers* and* managers* who* put* in* place* workplace* ini<a<ves* to* promote* mental* health* and* to* support* employees* who* have* mental* disorders* see* gains* not* only* in* the* health* of* their*employees*but*also*in*their*produc<vity* at* work.* A* nega<ve* working* environment,* on* the* other* hand,* may* lead* to* physical* and* mental* health* problems,* harmful* use* of* substances* or* alcohol,* absenteeism* and* lost* produc<vity.*(WHO*2017)* Depression*and*anxiety*disorders*are*common* mental* disorders* that* have* an* impact* on* our* ability* to* work,* and* to* work* produc<vely.* Globally,*more*than*300*million*people*suﬀer* from* depression,* the* leading* cause* of* disability.* More* than* 260* million* are* living* with*anxiety*disorders.*Many*of*these*people* live* with* both.* A* recent* WHO$led* study* es<mates* that* depression* and* anxiety* disorders* cost* the* global* economy* US$* 1* trillion*each*year*in*lost*produc<vity.

Mental&health&in&the&workplace*is*the*theme* of* World* Mental* Health* Day* 2017.* World* Mental* Health* Day* is* observed* on* 10* October* every* year,* with* the* overall* objec<ve* of* raising* awareness* of* mental* health* issues* and* mobilizing* efforts* in* support* of* beYer* mental* health.* (WHO* 2017)* World* Federa<on* for* Mental* Health* (WFMH)* is* an* interna<onal* membership* organiza<on* founded* in* 1948* to* advance,* among* all* peoples* and* na<ons,* the* preven<on* of* mental* and* emo<onal* disorders,*the*proper*treatment*and*care*of* those* with* such* disorders,* and* the* promo<on*of*mental*health.* World* Mental* Health* Day* was* observed* for* the* first* <me* on* 10* October* 1992.* It* was* started* as* an* annual* ac<vity* of* the* World* Federa<on* for* Mental* Health* by* the* then* Deputy* Secretary* General* Richard* Hunter.* The* day* is* officially* commemorated* every* year*on*October*10th.**

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1 In 5

in the workplace experience a mental health condition

OVERVIEW THE IMPORTANCE OF THE WORLD MENTAL HEALTH DAY THEME Work life balance is priority for many empoloyees. Millenials are ooking for a good word/life balance and strong diversity policies to support their wellbeing at work. The workplace and workforce are changing and traditional ways of looking at the workforce may not hold for long. Many employees are beginning to favour a workplace that cares for their wellbeing.

10%

Of the employed population have taken time off work for depression.

36%

An average of 36 workdays are lost per depression episode.

50%

Of people with depression are untreated.

94%

Cognitive symptoms of depression such as for instance a difficulitie in concetrating making decision and remembering. Are present up to 94% of the time during an episode of depression. Causing significant impairment in work function and productivity.

43%

Of managers want better policies. People find it difficult to disclose that they have mental health difficulities in the workplaceyet nobody is immune from mental health difficulties.

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Since* the* early* days,* the* Federa<on* has* chosen* a* theme* to* be* promoted* in* its* planning*kit*each*year.*

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The&themes&we&have&used&are:& 1996$$$$

Women$and$Mental$Health

2009$$$Mental$Health$in$Primary$Care:$

1997$$$$

Children$and$Mental$Health

Enhancing$Treatment$and$$

1998$$$$

Mental$Health$and$Human$Rights

Promoting$Mental$Health

1999$$$$

Mental$Health$and$Ageing

2010$$$Mental$Health$and$Chronic$$

2000=2001$$$Mental$Health$and$Work

2002$$$$

The$Effects$of$Trauma$and$$

2011$$$$The$ Great$ Push:$ $ Investing$ in$

Violence$on$Children$&$$

Adolescents

2012$$$Depression:$A$Global$Crisis

2003$$$$

Emotional$and$Behavioural$$

2013$$$Mental$Health$and$Older$Adults

Disorders$of$Children$&$$

2014$$$Living$with$Schizophrenia

Adolescents

2015$$$Dignity$in$Mental$Health

2004$$$$

The$Relationship$Between$$

2016$$ Psychological$and$Mental$$

Physical$ &$ Mental$ Health:$ co=

occurring$$disorders

2017$$ Mental$Health$in$the$Work$$

2005$$$$

Mental$and$Physical$Health$$

Across$the$Life$Span

2006$$$$

Building$ Awareness$ =$ Reducing$

Risk:$Mental$Illness$&$Suicide

2007$$$$

Mental$ Health$ in$ A$ Changing$

World:$The$Impact$of$Culture$and$

$$$

Diversity

2008$$$$

Making$ Mental$ Health$ a$ Global$

Priority:$ Scaling$ up$ Services$

through$ Citizen$ Advocacy$ and$

Action

Physical$Illnesses Mental$$Health

Health$First$Aid Place

WHY WORKPLACE STRESS IS A COLLECTIVE CHALLENGE AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT VALENTINA FORASTIERI

The relationship between workplace stress and poor mental health is well established. In our recent publication. Workplace stress: A Collective Challenge, the ILD’s Safety and Health at Wor ream surveyed the most recent studies on workplace stress from around the world including among others. Asia and the pacific the America’s, Australia and Europe. We found that work related stress costs global society untold billions in direct and indicrect cost annually. And that is quite apart from the human price paid in misery, suffering and event according to some of the reports we looked at in suicide. Growing Pressure at Work We often hear we live increassingly stressful working lives but what does recent experience tell us

Well, let’s begin with globuli competitive processes have organization, working realtio patterns, contributing to the related stress and its associ With the pace of work dictat communications and high le competition, the lines separa are becoming more and mor An appropriate balance betw life is difficult to achieve.

And the phenomenon is inde

For instance, we note a stud found 32.4 percent of worke from strong anxiety worry an in the previous year. In Chile percent of workers and 13.8 reported that stress and dep were present in their anterpr were found in practically eve considered for this report.

And then, there is the hango global economic crisis and r many enterprises to scale do activity in order to remain co includes and increase in rec merging, outsourcing and su precatious work and a highe massive layoffs or workers, poverty and social exclussio

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ization. Global e transformed work ons and employment e increase od workiated disorders. ted by instant evels of global rating work from life ore difficult to identify. ween work and private

eed global in its impact.

dy from Japan that ers reported suffering nd stress from work e, 2011data show 27.9 8 per cent of employers pression prises. Similiar figures ery country we

over from the recent recssion that forced down their economic ompetitive. This cstructuring, downsizing, ubcontracting, er likelihood of unemployment, on.

These working practices are a source of what is known in the field as â&#x20AC;&#x153;psychosocial hazardsâ&#x20AC;? Within the workplace they contrubuted to increace competition, higher expectations as regards performance, fast-paced and intensive work, irregular and longer working hours higher job demans and job insecurtiy and a slac of control over the content and organization of work and reduce work opportunities. Add to that fear of losing their jobs, reduce motivation of staff, decerease financial stability and you and up with the serious consequences for workers mental health and weleing with a significant financial bottom line. These related direct and indirect costs are only beginning to be quntifed. Still, some develop countries assess the economic impact of work-related depression in 617 billion a year, which includes the costs to employers of absenteism and presenteeism liss of productivity, healthcare costs and social welfare costs in the form of disabilty benefit payments.

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20#

10#

G r e e < n g s* P e o p l e* o f* Tomorrow.* I*am*Soon*Kuen*Wong*from* Malaysia,* the* Overall* Chairperson* of* AMSA* I n t e r n a < o n a l* fo r* t h e* t e n u r e* 2 0 1 7 / 2 0 1 8 .* Currently,* I* am* pursuing* my* ﬁnal* year* of* degree* of* Doctor* of* Medicine* (MD)* at* The* Na<onal* University* of* Malaysia* (Universi6& Kebangsaan& Malaysia,& UKM).* It* is* my* honour* to* l e a d* t h e* p e a k* r e p r e s e n t a < v e* organisa<on* for* medical* students* across* Asia,* Asia$ Paciﬁc*and*beyond.*

Every* year,* AMSA* Interna<onal* supports* World* Mental* Health* Day* by* raising* awareness* of* mental* health* issues* and* mobilizing* efforts* in* support* of* beYer* mental* health.* This* year,* the* theme* of* World* Mental* Health* Day* 2017* is* “Mental*Health*in*the*Workplace”.*The*theme*is* closely* related* to* medical* students* due* to* the* fact* that* a* nega<ve* study* or* work* environment* can* take* a* toll* on* the* students’* mental* health.* Medical* students* are* more* likely* to* suffer* depression* than* their* peers* with* a* rate* of* 15$30%*higher.*It*is*mainly*due*to*the*notoriously* stressful*and*compe<<ve*medical*training*which* needs* long* hours* of* studying,* training* and* commitment* aaer* you* become* part* of* the* member*of*medical*school.*Thus,*being*the*final$ year* medical* student,* it* is* absolutely* necessary* for* me* to* share* with* you* some* ways* to* reduce* stress*level*throughout*my*medical*studies.**

On* account* of* the* bu medical*student,*it*canno is*stressful*to*juggle*betw extra$curriculum*ac<vi<e year* studies* in* UKM.* In* stress,* I* would* like* to* posi<ve* mindset.* Posi<v that*we*approach*unplea posi<ve*and*produc<ve*w us* to* reduce* our* stres conﬁdence* level* and* im well$being* and* outlook mindset*would*not*help*t would*even*worsen*the*s us* feeling* more* stressfu oaen* starts* with* self$t telling* yourself* today,* “Y “Something*good*will*be* do*not*give*up.”*

usy* schedule* as* a* ot*be*denied*that*it* ween*academic*and* es*throughout*the*5$ * order* to* overcome* emphasise* on* the* ve* thinking* means* asantness*in*a*more* way.*It*actually*helps* ss* level,* boost* our* mprove* our* overall* k.* Having* nega<ve* the*situa<on,*but*it* situa<on*and*cause* ul.* Posi<ve* thinking* talk.* Hence,* starts* Yes,* I* can* make* it!”,* *happening*soon*if*I*

AMSA#MALAYSIA#

SOMETHING)GOOD)WILL)BE) HAPPENING)IF)I)DO)NOT)GIVE)UP

“"

Soon&Kuen&Wong&

Posi2ve# thinking# means# that# we# approach# unpleasantness# in# a# more#posi2ve#and#produc2ve#way.#It#actually#helps#us#to#reduce# our# stress# level,# boost# our# conﬁdence# level# and# improve# our# overall#wellZbeing#and#outlook.

My* name* is* Chai* Kar* Yee,* a* fourth* year* medical* student* from* The* Na<onal* University* of* Malaysia.* I* am* currently* the* regional* chairperson* of* AMSA* Malaysia.* I* think* that* the*theme*is*suitably*tailored* to*what*medical*students*are* facing* now.* A* number* of* them* are* aware* of* their* stressful*lives*but*they*do*not* know* the* correct* coping* mechanisms.* This* arises* issues* such* as* substance* abuse,* depression* among* medical*students.**

I* hope* from* this* event,* we* can*help*the*medical*students* to* establish* their* own* ‘stress* kit’* and* to* guide* them* to* overcome* their* stressors* eﬀec<vely.* Perhaps* prior* to* that*we*should*introduce*the* ‘stress*kit’*concept*to*them.*A* ‘stress* kit’* is* anything* that* provides* instant* relief* of* stress.* Generally,* the* criteria* of* a* ‘stress* kit’* are* easily* available,* suitable* to* be* used* in* public* situa<ons* and* eﬀec<ve* to* reduce* the* stress* level.**

Moreover,* I* also* hope* that* t h i s* e v e n t* c o u l d* r a i s e* awareness* on* depression* among*medical*students.*It*is* gekng* more* common* and* oaen*leads*to*its*most*severe* complica<on* –* suicide.* By* bringing* up* this* issue,* I* hope* that*more*people*realize*their* illness* and* seek* medical* aYen<on*from*the*beginning.** There* should* also* be* a* clear* guideline* on* what* they* should* do* if* they* ﬁnd* out* themselves* suﬀering* from* depression.**

AMSA#MALAYSIA#

A)‘STRESS)KIT’)IS)ANYTHING)THAT) PROVIDES)INSTANT)RELIEF)OF)STRESS.

“"

Chai&Kar&Yee

Generally,# the# criteria# of# a# ‘stress# kit’# are# easily# available,# suitable# to# be# used# in# public# situa7ons# and# eﬀec7ve# to# reduce# the#stress#level.

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Hey*AMSA$nians!** It*is*an*honour*for*me*to*be*given*an* opportunity*to*be*featured*as*a*part* of* the* AMSA* Magazine!* My* name* is* Irene* Iksarnronnachai* from* ALSA* Thailand* (Na<onal* Chapter),* I* am* currently* a* part* of* the* ALSA* Interna<onal* Board* serving* as* the* V i c e* P r e s i d e n t* o f* A c a d e m i c* Ac<vi<es.* As* we* all* know,* the* plethora*of*books*and*texts*that*law* students* are* required* to* read* rival* those* of* medical* students.* Thus,* I* ﬁnd* that* the* theme* of* ‘Mental* Health* in* Workplace’* to* be* very* ﬁkng*as*it*is*something*that*many*of* us*can*relate*to.** Being*a*college*student,*be*it*a*law*or* medical*student,*is*not*just*physically* <ring* but* also* mentally* exhaus<ng.* When* we* are* physically* exhausted,* we* can* take* a* short* nap* (or* a* long* one!)* to* feel* refreshed* again,* but* when*it*comes*to*mental*exhaus<on,* a* nap* simply* does* not* cure* it.* A* physically* healthy* person* does* not* equate*to*a*mentally*healthy*person.**

For*this*year’s*World*Mental*Health*Day,* I* hope* to* see* more* emphasis* being* put* in*raising*awareness*for*diﬀerent*mental* health* issues* and* ways* to* tackle* or* help* those*in*need.*As*a*law*student,*I*believe* that* a* healthy* mind* is* essen<al* in* our* career.*Therefore,*I*would*like*to*also*see* people* becoming* more* accep<ng* towards* mental* health* issues* and* realising*that*it*is*a*real*problem*and*not* a*ﬁgment*of*someone’s*imagina<on.*And* with*such*realisa<on*and*understanding,* I* hope* that* people* will* ask* for* help* or* reach* out* to* those* who* are* in* need* of* help* in* order* for* us* to* all* achieve* a* healthy*mind*together.** Kind#regards,## Irene*Iksarnronnachai  Vice#President#of#Academic#Ac2vi2es#Asian# Law# Students’# Associa2on# Interna2onal# Board#2017/18#

“$

I"am"clinically"diagnosed" with" Major$ Depressive$ Disorder.$ I*am*a*2nd*year*midyear*student*in*FEU$NRMF*Ins<tute* of*Medicine.*I*am*part*of*the*AMSEP*commiYee.*And,*I* am*clinically*diagnosed*with*Major*Depressive*Disorder.* I* have* been* clinically* diagnosed* since* my* 1st* year* in* medical*school*proper*but*I*have*been*experiencing*my* symptoms*since*my*undergraduate*study.*Just*recently,* I*have*been*in*a*remission,*it*is*diﬃcult*because*I*have* not*been*on*medica<on*and*I*only*took*one*dose*aaer* seeing*a*Psychiatrist.*Just*because,*me*being*diagnosed* with*MDD*was*not*accepted*by*my*family.*Acceptance* is* the* primary* thing* that* everyone* with* depression* needs* because* they* always* feel* alone* and* want* to* be* alone.**

* *

asd

It*is*easier*said*than*done.*Honestly,*I’ve*been*through* all* that.* Once* my* anhedonia* strikes* in,* it* is* diﬃcult* to* climb* back* up.* FIGHT* IT.* FIGHT* IS* AS* MUCH* AS* YOU* CAN.*No*one*can*help*you*unless*you*help*yourself.*You* are*the*only*person*that*can*pull*yourself*up*again.*If*all* else* won’t* work,* seek* help* no* maYer* what* others* say* because* in* the* end,* all* that* maYers* is* the* fact* that* everyone* needs* to* LIVE* LIFE.* Take* your* own* pace,* no* one* is* rushing* you.* You* just* need* to* hold* on* and* be* with*yourself,*have*someone,*your*“constant*person”*to* be*with*at*all*<mes.*It*could*be*anyone,*but*should*be* someone*you*trust*other*than*yourself.*Falling*into*the* deep*well*of*depression*is*hard*but*one*should*be*able* to*climb*back*up;*no*maYer*how*much*you*think*about* it,*no.

ﬀgh

Advice*for*those*who*get*depressed?*

Hello!* I* am* Carmelle* Marie* Joson,* the* Execu<ve* Assistant* for* Publica<ons* of* AMSA$ UST.* Let* me* introduce* you* to* two* monsters* that* live* inside* my* head:* Anxiety* and* Depression.*I*have*been*living*with*anxiety*and* depression* for* about* ten* years* now,* and* believe* me* when* I* tell* you* that* it* is* not* a* preYy*sight;*at*least*in*my*perspec<ve*anyway.* This* is* because,* in* reality,* no* one* really* ever* no<ced*my*pain.*Everyone*around*me*assumes* that* I’m* doing* just* ﬁne,* but* liYle* did* they* know,* I* was* drowning* in* my* own* sorrow.* People*don’t*usually*pay*aYen<on*to*my*cries* for*help*because*they*mostly*assume*that*I*am* being* overdrama<c.* It* was* a* diﬃcult* <me* growing* up* all* alone,* burdened* by* my* anxie<es* which* seemed* like* an* endless* spiral* into* the* void.* Even* with* all* these* thoughts* going* through* my* head,* I* just* kept* telling*

myself* that* everything* will* be* fine.* But* to* tell* you*the*truth*–*it*only*got*worse.*It*came*to*a* point* that* I* wasn’t* the* only* one* hur<ng* anymore;*I*was*hur<ng*the*people*around*me.* So*about*two*years*ago,*I*finally*sat*down*with* my* family* and* decided* to* get* some* professional* help.* It* was* difficult* at* first,* but* gekng*help*and*support*from*my*family*made* it* a* lot* easier.* Now,* I* can’t* say* that* the* monsters* are* completely* gone,* but* somehow,* I’ve*learned*to*tame*them*and*live*with*them.* So,* to* people* out* there* who* have* the* same* monsters*as*I*do,*you*are*not*alone.*I*may*not* be* the* right* person* to* give* you* proper* advice* on*how*to*make*them*go*away,*but*know*that* you* will* be* found,* and* there* are* people* out* there,* like* me,* who* will* make* you* feel* less* alone.* We* can* all* fight* these* monsters* together,*alright?*

AMSA#PHILIPPINES#

SO,)TO)PEOPLE))OUT)THERE)WHO)HAVE)THE)SAME) MONSTER)AS)I)DO,)YOU)ARE)NOT)ALONE.

“"

Carmelle&Marie&Joson&

It# was# diﬃcult# at# ﬁrst,# but# gehng# help# and# support# from# my# family#made#it#a#lot#easier.

A* man* with* a* disheveled* hair,* reeking* a* malodorous* stench,* wearing* a* soot* blackened* shorts* sikng* and* usually* staring* blankly* on* a* sidewalk* pavement* is* a* picture* of* a* person* having* a* mental* health* problem* to* a* layman.*However,*we*should* b e* a w a r e* t h a t* a* j o l l y* colleague* or* a* kind* boss* at* work*might*also*be*a*portrait* of*this.*

Recently,*a*well$known*celebrity*hos<ng*a* noon<me* show* of* one* of* the* biggest* television*networks*of*the*Philippines*had* given* his* opinion* on* air* regarding* people* suﬀering* from* depression,* insis<ng* that* depression*is*just*a*make*up*illness*as*he* quoted,*“Wag&niyo&yang&tulungan.&GawaO gawa& lang& yan”* (Transla6on:& “Don’t& help& those&people,&they&are&just&making&it&up”).* Although* a* co$host* tried* to* explain* the* maYer,* he* s<ll* denied* the* existence* and* validity* of* such* illness* which* has* caused* an* uproar* in* social* media* sites.* People* pointed*out*that*mental*health*should*be* g i v e n* i m p o r t a n c e* w h e r e* p r o p e r* informa<on*dissemina<on*is*the*start.*

Mental* health* awarenes especially* since* more* an are*suﬀering*from*these*m I n* t h e s e* < m e* a n d* bombarded* with* stresse workplaces* where* peop keep* up* with* increasin their* work.* On* top* of* pressures* in* the* societa success.* With* these* p factors* like* familial* pr person*might*be*prone*t illnesses.*

AMSA#PHILIPPINES#

ss* is* a* necessity* nd* more* people* *mental*illnesses.* d ay,* we* a re* ses* especially* in* ple* are* forced* to* ng* demands* of* f* these* are* the* al* tug* of* war* to* plus* other* risk* redisposi<on,* a* to*mental*health*

)BE)AWARE)TO)CARE:)BREAK)THE)STIGMA)OF) MENTAL)ILLNESSES

/ People* usually* ignore* or* downplay* the* reality* of* this* mental* illnesses* because* of* the* s<gma* it* brings* to* a* person.*Like*in*any*maYer*at* hand,* awareness* is* key* to* understanding.* Through* understanding* we* may* be* able* to* iden<fy* people* who* have* mental* illnesses* and* encourage* them* to* seek* help,* where* they* can* ﬁnd* solu<ons* and* assistance* that*they*deﬁnitely*need.*

Chanelle&Filio

“"

Through# understanding# we# may# be# able# to# iden2fy# people# who# have# mental# illnesses# and# encourage# them# to# seek# help,# where# they# can# ﬁnd# solu2ons# and# assistance# that# they#deﬁnitely#need.

How* to* maintain* stress* as* medical* students?* Thoughts,* Advice* for* people* who* oaen* get* depressed. Hi,*I’m*Johnaliz*Khow,*a*second*year*medical*student* and* a* member* of* UERM$AMSA,* Philippines.* We* all* dream* of* that* en<cing* white* coat* symbolizing* our* status* as* a* medical* prac<<oner* at* the* end* of* this* journey.* But* to* what* extent* are* you* willing* to* sacriﬁce*for*it?*To*anyone*who’s*struggling*each*day* to*ﬁght*for*that*dream,*I*know*that*you*are*<red*and* stressed.*I*know*that*there*are*<mes*that*you*think* you* don’t* belong* in* this* path* or* that* you’re* not* good* enough* to* be* here.* I* know* that* many* <mes* you*have*thought*of*quikng*all*together.*

Figh<ng* and* working* hard* for* a* dream* is* good,* but* don’t* forget* to* live* your* life.* You’re*s<ll*a*human*being.*It’s*okay*to*cry.* It’s* okay* to* fail.* It’s* okay* that* you* don’t* have* life* ﬁgured* out* yet.* Believe* me,* you* have* a* life<me* to* spend* learning* from* mistakes*and*build*yourself*up*from*them.* Don’t*be*afraid*to*ask*for*help.*No*one*will* think* of* you* any* less.* Don’t* lose* sight* of* what* is* important,* spend* <me* with* your* family*and*friends.*Do*what*you*love.*Sing.* Dance.* Laugh.* Take* a* deep* breath,* and* clear*your*mind.**

AMSA#PHILIPPINES#

)TAKE)A)DEEP)BREATH,)AND)CLEAR)YOUR)MIND.))

/ Each* one* of* us* may* struggle* from* different* stressors* in* life,* but* that* doesn’t* change* the* fact* that* mental* health* should* be* taken* seriously.* To* those* people* who* are* suffering* from* any* mental* disorders/illness* such* as* depression,* anxiety,* etc.* Please* don't* hesitate*to*reach*out*and*seek*help.*It's* dangerous* to* be* lea* alone* with* your* thoughts.* You* are* not* alone* in* this* fight.* There* are* plenty* of* people* out* there* who* are* willing* to* listen* and* understand*you.*

Johnaliz&Khow&

And* lastly,* just* because* things* aren't* going*your*way*now,*doesn't*mean*you* can't* do* it.* Pick* yourself* up* and* try* again.*You*got*this.*

“"

Figh2ng# and# working# hard# for# a# dream# is# good,# but# don’t# forget# to# live# your# life.# You’re#s2ll#a#human#being.

"How* to* maintain* stress* as* a* medical* student?* How* do* you* cope* with* <ght* schedule*and*curriculums?”* My* name* is* Suchaya* Nuntnarumit* $* a* ﬁrst* year* medical* student* at* Thammasat* University.* Currently,* I* am* a* local* coordinator* of* AMSA* Thailand.* In* my* opinion,* mental* health* is* a* topic* that* people*oaen*overlook*nowadays*and*I*hope* that* more* awareness* will* be* raised* on* this* year’s* World* Mental* Health* Day.* WHO* has* stated* that* “Health* is* a* state* of* complete* physical,* mental* and* social* well$being* and* not* merely* the* absence* of* disease* or* inﬁrmity”.*Thus,*mental*health*is*something* that* should* not* be* underes<mated* since* it* is*as*important*as*physical*health,*not*less.**

The* key* to* maintaining* stress* for* me* is*knowing*that*stress*is*not*a*terrible* thing.*An*ideal*level*of*stress*will*not* put* you* under* burdensome* pressure* and*at*the*same*<me,*will*be*enough* to*push*you*forward*to*success.*As*a* medical* student,* I* maintain* my* level* of* stress* by* understanding* the* diﬀerences* between* expecta<ons* and* real* abili<es.* If* you* have* an* unrealis<c,* high* expecta<on,* it* will* m a k e* y o u* s t r e s s* o u t* m o r e .* Meanwhile,* if* you* know* your* true* abili<es* and* set* yourself* small,* realis<c,* measurable* goals* –* you* will* not* be* accumula<ng* stress* and* may* even*gain*more*self$conﬁdence!***

Since* the* medic wise* that* you* o hand.*It*is*crucia the*<me*betwee and* spending* < Moreover,* the* c so*make*sure*th single*day*rathe as* the* exam* ap that* medical* li cannot* do* ever There*will*be*<m in*yourself*–*just learn* from* your great* prac<<on failures* stress* y forward!*

cal* schedule* is* very* <ght,* it* is* organise* your* plan* long* before* al*that*you*know*how*to*divide* een*studying,*res<ng,*exercising* <me* with* families* and* friends.* curriculum* is* extremely* dense* hat*you*start*revising*a*bit*every* er*than*cramming*in*everything* pproaches!* Lastly,* we* all* know* life* is* tough* and* we* simply* rything* amazingly* all* the* <me.* mes*when*you*are*disappointed* st*be*reminded*that*you*have*to* r* mistakes* now* and* become* a* ner* in* the* future.* Don’t* let* you* out,* make* them* move* you*

AMSA#THAILAND#

DON’T)LET)FAILURE)STRESS)YOU)OUT,)) MAKE)THEM)YOU)MOVE)FOWARD!

“"

Suchaya&Nuntnarumit&

An#ideal#level#of#stress#will#not#put#you#under#burdensome# pressure#and#at#the#same#2me,#will#be#enough#to#push#you# forward#to#success.

I* am* Cai* Sicheng* from* Tongji* medical* college*of*HUST,*Wuhan*China.*And*I*am* the*PIC*of*AMSA$Tong*ji.*The*concept*of* mental* health* is* gaining* popularity* nowadays,*which*mo<vates*me*to*share* some* of* my* opinions* upon* it.* Mental* h e a l t h ,* a l s o* c a n* b e* c a l l e d* a s* psychological* health,* used* to* be* kept* in* the*doghouse,*but*now*is*becoming*the* centre*of*aYen<on.*This*phenomenon*is* probably* due* to* the* rapid* social* development* which* draws* people’s* aYen<on* to* themselves.* We* begin* to* aYach*more*importance*to*the*quality*of* our* lives* and* want* to* improve* it.* Since* mental* health* imposes* a* profound* impact* on* life* quality,* more* and* more* people* are* gekng* familiar* with* this* theme.*

In* my* view,* mental* health* is* vital* to* one’s* life* quality.* Jack* London* once* said,* the* proper* func<on* of* man* is* to* live,* not* to* exist.* To* some* extent,* physical* health* can* only* ensure* your* “existence”,* while* mental* health* can* oﬀer* you* the* true* meaning* of* “life”.* “Exis<ng”* means* a* low* life* quality* while* “living”* means* that* you* can* realize* your* life* values.* In* a* sense,* mental* health*means*keeping*posi<ve* and* op<mis<c.* Of* course,* this* is* not* the* whole* story* of* mental* health.* however* I* do* think* this* idea* does* make* sense*to*us.*

The* topic* of* 2017* world* mental* health* day* is* about* harmony* of* family.* And* I* believe* this* topic* is* prac<cal* and* meaningful.* Family$of$ origins* can* exert* a* profound* and* indelible* inﬂuence* on* everyone,* which* can* be* good* or* bad.* To* some* extent,* it* is* one’s*family*that*shapes*his*or* her* mind* and* therefore* dominates*further*lives.*I*hope* 2017* world* mental* health* day* can* truly* make* a* contribu<on* to* the* harmony* of* every* family,* and* make* the* concept* of*mental*health*widely*known* by*more*people.*

KEEP)POSITIVE)AND)OPTIMISTIC AMSA#CHINA#

“"

Cai&Sicheng&

Family# can# exert# a# profound# and# indelible# inﬂuence# on# everyone,#which#can#be#good#or#bad.

I* am* Selma* Zein* Syaﬁra,* a* medical* student* from* Padjadjaran* University* and* now* serving* as* the* Ambassador* of* Public* Health* AMSA$Indonesia* for* District*3.* Now,* please* list* down* the* names* of* four*people*that*you*loved*the*most.* Done?* Here’s* a* fact* :* one* of* them* may* suﬀer* from* a* mental* health* problem.* That* person* may* not* be* aware,*or*it’s*just*us*who*don’t*care.* Then,*what*can*we&do?*

The*one*simple*thing*we*can*do* is* to* acknowledge* ourselves* about* mental* health.* Mental* health*is*a*state*of*well$being*in* which* the* individual* can* cope* with* the* normal* stresses* of* life.* This* is* important* because* it* builds* up* an* integral* part* of* an* individual's* capacity* to* run* a* fulﬁlling* life.* Most* people* (who* don’t*know)*would*see*the*signs* of* mental* health* problems* as* a* normal*emo<onal*response.*

Another* simple* thing aYen<on.* As* stated* b factors* that* deter individual*aYributes*a economic* circumstan factors.*Thus,*having*a is*not*a*personal*failu to*be*found*in*the*wa people* with* the* pro know*what*someone* her* current* situa<on* going* to* say,* whatev think&ﬁrst.**

g* we* can* do* is* to* pay* by* WHO,* there* are* three* rmine* mental* health;* and*behaviour,*social*and* nces,* and* environmental* a*mental*health*problem* ure.*If*there*is*failure,*it*is* ay*we*have*responded*to* oblems.* We* never* fully* has*been*through*or*his/ * is.* So,* whatever* you’re* ver* you’re* going* to* do,*

AMSAZINDONESIA#

THINK)FIRST

“"

Selma&Zein&Syaﬁra&

Let’s#mobilize#eﬀorts#in#support#of#be+er#mental#health# by# ﬁgh2ng# the# s2gma# together# and# spreading# the# understanding#about#mental#health.

To* Chapter* Representa<ve* of* A M S A $ I n t e r n a < o n a l* eNewsleYer*Editorial*Board*and* Regional* Chairperson* of* AMSA$ Indonesia.* With* this* essay,* I* would* like* to* express* my* interest* in* “How* am* i* manage* <me* between* studying* and* doing*my*hobbies”.*First,*let*me* to*introduce*myself.*My*name*is* Nadhilah.* I* am* currently* studying*in*Faculty*of*Medicine* at* Jenderal* Achmad* Yani* University.* This* is* my* second* year* as* a* member* of* AMSA$ Unjani*and*I*get*a*responsibility* to* be* the* captain* of* Research* Division.*

Being*a*medical*student*is*tough.*You*must*work* hard,* sleepless,* and* gekng* moody* so* easier.* At* least* those* are* based* on* my* experience.* So* that* is* why* i* want* to* share* my* opinion* how* i* could* manage* <me* between* my* hobbies* and* my* studying.*At*first,*i*am*a*person*who*is*difficult*to* stay* focus* on* something* for* a* long* <me.* Its* difficult* to* just* studying.* So* i* manage* to* do* my* hobbies* between* my* <ght* schedules.* Such* as* listening* music* while* reading* Guyton.* I* am* drawing* when* making* summaries* from* SoboYa.* Also* i* am* singing* when* it* <mes* to* memorize,* such*as*you*could*make*a*song*to*remember*Cell* Life* Cycle.* For* me* doing* those* things* are* fun.* I* know* that* we* as* medical* student* do* not* have* many* <mes* to* do* our* hobbies,* but* if* you* were* me.* Why* are* not* we* doing* our* hobbies* and* studying*at*the*same*<mes?*Sure*we*can.*

AMSAZINDONESIA#

WHY)ARE)NOT)WE)DOING)OUR)HOBBIES)AND) STUDYING)AT)THE)SAME)TIME)?

/ Lastly,* with* the* remembrance* of* world* mental* health* day,* I* hope* the* mental* health* can* con<nue* to* be* a* concern* for* doctors,* health* workers,* and* of*course*the*public.*A*healthy* soul* for* a* beYer* life.* Healthy* life* condi<ons* in* the* family* will* make* a* state* ci<zen* with* strong* mental* so* that* a* country* to* be* dominated* to* ﬁgh<ng*challenges.*

“"

Nadhilah&Amaliah&Santoso&

A#Healthy#life#condi2ons#in#the#family#will#make#a# state#ci2zen#with#strong#mental#so#that#a#country# to#be#dominated#to#ﬁgh2ng#challenges.

Thankfully* in* 2017* there* are* a* lot* more* people* who* ﬁnally* speak* up* about* the* importance* of* mental* h e a l t h .* A n d* fortunately,*I*am*one*of* t h o s e* p e o p l e .* M y* name* is* Ruth* Syeela* Widianty,* I’m* currently* studying* as* a* second* y e a r* p r e $ c l i n i c a l* student* at* Universitas* Hasanuddin,* Makassar,* and* an* ac<ve* member* of* AMSA$Unhas* from* AMSA$Indonesia.*

Despite* of* diverse* cultural* background* in* our* community,* I* believe* that* for* some* people,* mental* disease* is* s<ll* a* ‘taboo’* topic* to* talk* about,* due* to* the* s<gma* in* the* society.* But,* what* the* society* is* missing* out* is* this* disease* is* so* much* more* than* what*the*eyes*can*see.*Some*appear*to*be*perfectly* fine,* but* who* knows* if* they’re* mentally* ill?* That’s* exactly* what* makes* it* very* noxious* if* somebody* doesn’t* want* to* talk* about* what* they’re* going* through.* Because* the* longer* their* illness* is* lea* untreated,*the*more*likely*it*is*to*interfere*with*their* ability* to* do* their* job* and* effec<vely* interact* with* others.* Sadly,* most* of* us* don’t* know* much* about* mental* health,* so* we* can’t* decide* if* we* need* help.* Also* some<mes,* instead* of* trying* to* figure* out* what’s*happening*with*our*brains,*we*choose*to*be* denial* towards* our* disease,* while* it* rapidly* grows* and* start* undermining* our* minds.* The* fear* of* not*

being* able* to* be* seen leads* us* to* neglect* t other*hand,*people*th the* symptoms* can* surroundings.* Only* b okay?”*and*crea<ng*a* towards* those* who* ar disorders* have* a* rea others.* I* really* hope* t health* day* can* waken back* upon* this* proble that* are* struggling* w that*it’s*okay*not*to*be

AMSAZINDONESIA#

n* as* a* normal* person* these* issues.* On* the* hat*aren’t*dealing*with* actually* help* their* by* asking,* “are* you* *culture*of*acceptance* re* aﬀected* by* mental* ally* huge* impact* on* hat* this* year’s* mental* * those* who* turn* their* em,* and* remind* those* with* mental* disorder,* e*okay.*

BECAUSE)THE)LONGER)THEIR)ILLNESS)IS)LEFT) UNTREATED,)THE)MORE)LIKELY)IT)IS)TO) INTERFERE)WITH)THEIR)ABILITY)TO)DO)THEIR) JOB)AND)EFFECTIVELY)INTERACT)WITH) OTHERS.

“"

Syeela&Widianty

Only# by# asking,# “are# you# okay?”# and# crea2ng# a# culture# of# acceptance# towards# those# who# are# aﬀected# by# mental# disorders#have#a#really#huge#impact#on#others.#

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tŽŶŐ ^ŽŽŶ <ƵĞŶ

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Dƌ tŽŶŐ ^ŽŽŶ <ƵĞŶ ŝƐ ŽƵƌ KǀĞƌĂůů ŚĂŝƌƉĞƌƐŽŶ ŽĨ D^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ϮϬϭϳͬϭϴ͘ ,Ğ ũŽŝŶĞĚ D^ ƐŝŶĐĞ ǇĞĂƌ ϮϬϭϯ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ ƚŚĞŶ͕ ŚĞ ŝƐ ǀĞƌǇ ĂĐƟǀĞ ŝŶ D^ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƐ ĂƉƉŽŝŶƚĞĚ ĂƐ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŝŶŐ ĐŚĂŝƌƉĞƌƐŽŶ ŝŶ ƐŽŵĞ D^ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ DĂůĂǇƐŝĂŶ DĞĚŝĐĂů ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐΖ ŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ϮϬϭϲ ĂŶĚ DĞĚŝĐƐ /ŶƚĞƌǀĂƌƐŝƚǇ 'ĂŵĞƐ ϮϬϭϲ͘ &Žƌ D^ DĂůĂǇƐŝĂ ,ŽŶŽƌĂƌǇ ŽĂƌĚ ŽĨ ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌƐ͕ ŚĞ ǁĂƐ ĂƉƉŽŝŶƚĞĚ ĂƐ WƵďůŝĐ ,ĞĂůƚŚ KĸĐĞƌ ŝŶ ǇĞĂƌ ϮϬϭϰ͕ sŝĐĞ WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ;/ŶƚĞƌŶĂůͿ ŝŶ ǇĞĂƌ ϮϬϭϱ͕ ĂŶĚ ůĂƐƚůǇ ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŚĂŝƌƉĞƌƐŽŶ ŝŶ ǇĞĂƌ ϮϬϭϲ

ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĂƐ ŵĂŶǇ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ƚŽ ǁŝĚĞŶ ŽƵƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŝƌĐůĞ ĂŶĚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŚĞůƉ ƵƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ƐŬŝůůƐ

tŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ďĞůŝĞĨ ŽĨ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ĐĂŶ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ͕ ŚĞ ĨŽƵŶĚĞĚ D^ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ͕ Ă ĐŚĂƌŝƚǇ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ůĞƚ ƚŚĞ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͕ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ƚŚĞ ƵŶĚĞƌƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌůǇ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ ŚĞ ǁĂƐ ĂƉƉŽŝŶƚĞĚ ĂƐ ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŚĂŝƌƉĞƌƐŽŶ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ Ă ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ŵŝůĞƐƚŽŶĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŚŝƐƚŽƌǇ ŽĨ D^ DĂůĂǇƐŝĂ ǁŚĞƌĞ D^ DĂůĂǇƐŝĂ ŝƐ ŶŽǁ Ă ůĞŐĂůůǇ ƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ ŶŽŶͲ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂǁĂƌĚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĞƐƚ ŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ WĂƌƚŶĞƌ ǁĂƌĚ͕ ŝŶ ĐůŽƐĞ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ĂŶĚ Đ Ž ů ů Ă ď Ž ƌĂ Ɵ Ž Ŷ ǁ ŝ ƚ Ś Ě ŝ īĞ ƌ Ğ Ŷ ƚ Ž ƌ ŐĂ Ŷ ŝ Ɛ Ă Ɵ Ž Ŷ Ɛ ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ ŚĞ ŝƐ ĂĐƟǀĞůǇ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĞ ũŽŝŶĞĚ ĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ D^ ϮϬϭϱ ĂŶĚ ϮϬϭϲ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƉƌŝǌĞ ŝŶ ^ĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ WŽƐƚĞƌ ŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ ŝŶ D^ ϮϬϭϲ͘ KƵƚƐŝĚĞ ŽĨ D^ ͕ ŚŝƐ ŚŽďďǇ ŝƐ ŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂŶĚ ŚĞ Ś Ă Ě ǁ Ž Ŷ ƌĞ ǁ Ă ƌĚ Ɛ Ĩ ƌŽ ŵ Ě ŝ īĞ ƌĞ Ŷ ƚ Ě Ğ Ɛ ŝ Ő Ŷ ŝ Ŷ Ő ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶƐ͘ ,Ğ ďĞůŝĞǀĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ͞Ăůů ǁŽƌŬ ĂŶĚ ŶŽ ƉůĂǇ ŵĂŬĞƐ :ĂĐŬ Ă ĚƵůů ďŽǇ͕͞ ĂŶĚ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĞǆƉůĂŝŶĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ůŝĨĞ ƐŚŽƵůĚŶΖƚ ďĞ ŽŶůǇ ƐƚƵĚǇŝŶŐ͕ ǁĞ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĂƐ ŵĂŶǇ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ƚŽ ǁŝĚĞŶ ŽƵƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŝƌĐůĞ ĂŶĚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŚĞůƉ ƵƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ƐŬŝůůƐ͘

&ůŽƌĞŶĐĞ

ɭ ɫ ɴ ɫ ɸ ɧ ɲ ɹ ɫ ɩ ɸ ɫ ɺ ɧ ɸ ɿ ͞&ůŽƌĞŶĐĞ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ƚĂůĞŶƚĞĚ Őŝƌů / ŬŶŽǁ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͊ Ɛ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůǇ Ă ĐůĂƐƐŵĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽͲǁŽƌŬĞƌ ŝŶ D^ ͲdĂŝǁĂŶ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ŚĞƌ ďŽƐŽŵ ĨƌŝĞŶĚ͕ / ƌĞĂůůǇ ĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƚĞ ŚĞƌ ŝŶ ŵĂŶǇ ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ͘ ƉĂƌƚ ĨƌŽŵ ŚĞƌ ĂĐƟǀĞ ĂƩĞŶĚĂŶĐĞ ŝŶ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂīĂŝƌƐ͕ ƐŚĞ ŚĂƐ ƐŽ ŵĂŶǇ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŚŽďďŝĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƐŝŶŐŝŶŐ͕ ƉůĂǇŝŶŐ ŐƵŝƚĂƌ͕ ƌĞĂĚŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐ͟

ĞĂŶ KǁǇĂŶŐ

ɼ ɯ ɩ ɫ ɵ ɼ ɫ ɸ ɧ ɲ ɲ ɩ ɮ ɧ ɯ ɸ ɶ ɫ ɸ ɹ ɵ ɴ ɯɴɺɫɸɴɧɲ

ĞĂŶ KǁǇĂŶŐ ŝƐ ŝŶ ŚŝƐ ϱƚŚ ǇĞĂƌ ŽĨ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐĐŚŽŽů Ăƚ YƵĞĞŶΖƐ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĞůĨĂƐƚ͕ hŶŝƚĞĚ <ŝŶŐĚŽŵ͘ ,Ğ ŝƐ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶ ďƵƚ ůŝǀĞĚ ŝŶ ŵĂŶǇ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĐŝƟĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ >ŽŶĚŽŶ͕ ƵďůŝŶ͕ ĞůĨĂƐƚ͕ WƌĂŐƵĞ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ŚŝƐ ĚĂĚ͘ ,Ğ ŝƐ Ă ŵĂƐƐŝǀĞ ĨŽŽĚŝĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶũŽǇƐ ŐŽŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ŶĞǁ ĐƵŝƐŝŶĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƚĂƵƌĂŶƚƐ͖ ŚĞ ůŽǀĞƐ ĐŽŽŬŝŶŐ ŚŝƐ ŽǁŶ ŵĞĂůƐ ƚŽŽ͘ ,Ğ ĞŶũŽǇƐ ƉůĂǇŝŶŐ ƐƉŽƌƚƐ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ŚŝƐ ĨƌĞĞ ƟŵĞ͖ ,Ğ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĚŽŝŶŐ :ƵĚŽ ĨŽƌ ŽǀĞƌ ϳ ǇĞĂƌƐ ŶŽǁ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ŚŝƐ ϭƐƚ ĂŶ ůĂĐŬ Ğůƚ ƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇ͘

ƌŝŬĂ /ŶĚƌĂũĂǇĂ

ɼ ɯ ɩ ɫ ɵ ɼ ɫ ɸ ɧ ɲ ɲ ɩ ɮ ɧ ɯ ɸ ɶ ɫ ɸ ɹ ɵ ɴ ɫɾɺɫɸɴɧɲ

ƌŝŬĂ ŝƐ Ă ϰƚŚ ǇĞĂƌ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ ďŽƌŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĂŝƐĞĚ ŝŶ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ ƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ ƉƵƌƐƵŝŶŐ ŚĞƌ ĚĞŐƌĞĞ ŝŶ ƚŵĂ :ĂǇĂ ĂƚŚŽůŝĐ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕ ƐŚĞ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĂĐƟǀĞůǇ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶ ŶƵŵďĞƌƐ ŽĨ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ƐŝŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ǇĞĂƌ͘ /Ŷ ŚĞƌ ĨƌĞĞ ƟŵĞ ƐŚĞ ůŽǀĞƐ ƚŽ ƌĞĂĚ ďŽŽŬƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ƉĂŝŶƚ ŝŶ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽůŽƌ͘ ^ŚĞ ŝƐ ƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂƚĞ ŽŶ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ŚĞƌƐĞůĨ ĂŶĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ĂŶĚ ŚĂƐ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŚƵŵĂŶŝƚĂƌŝĂŶ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ͘ ŽŶƚĂĐƚ ŚĞƌ ŝĨ ǇŽƵ ŚĂǀĞ ĂŶǇ ŝŶƋƵŝƌŝĞƐ ŽŶ ŝŶŝƟĂƟŶŐ Ă ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ Žƌ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŝƚŚ D^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů͘

ĚƌŝĂŶ

ɯ ɺ ɵ ɬ ɬ ɯ ɩ ɫ ɸ ĚƌŝĂŶ ŝƐ Ă ϰƚŚ ǇĞĂƌ DĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͕ hŶŝƚĞĚ <ŝŶŐĚŽŵ͘ tŚĞŶ ŚĞ ŝƐŶΖƚ ŐůƵĞĚ ƚŽ Ă ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ ƐĐƌĞĞŶ͕ ŚĞ ĞŶũŽǇƐ ŐŽŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŚŝƐ ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐ Žƌ ƚƌǇŝŶŐ ŚŝƐ ďĞƐƚ ŶŽƚ ƚŽ ďĞ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌƐƚ ĂĚǀĞŶƚƵƌĞƌ ŝŶ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͘ ,Ğ ŝƐ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌǇ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ ĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͘ ,Ğ ŝƐ ĚƌŝǀĞŶ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĚĞĚŝĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŚŝƐ ƚĞĂŵ ǁŚĞŶ ĐĂƌƌǇŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͕ ŵĂǇ ŝƚ ďĞ ĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ͕ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌǇ Žƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĞǀĞŶƚƐ͘ ,Ğ ƚŚƌŝǀĞƐ ŝŶ ƌĂƉŝĚůǇ ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶƚŚƵƐŝĂƐƟĐ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ͘ zŽƵ ĐĂŶ ƌĞĂĐŚ Śŝŵ Ăƚ ŝƚΛĂŵƐĂͲŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů͘ŽƌŐ Žƌ ĚƌŽƉ Śŝŵ Ă ŵĞƐƐĂŐĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ĨŽƌŵ͘

,ĂŶŝĨĂŶ EƵŐƌĂŚĂ

ɩ ɮ ɯ ɫ ɬ ɫ ɪ ɯ ɺ ɵ ɸ ɵ ɬ ɴ ɫ ɽ ɹ ɲ ɫ ɺ ɺ ɫ ɸ Η,ĂŶŝĨĂŶ Žƌ ǇŽƵ ĐĂŶ ĐĂůů Śŝŵ /ǀĂŶ͕ ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůůǇ ĨƌŽŵ D^ Ͳ/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ ,Ğ ŝƐ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ ϰƚŚ ǇĞĂƌ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ Ăƚ DĂƌĂŶĂƚŚĂ ŚƌŝƐƟĂŶ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ ,Ğ ŝƐ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƉŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚǇ͕ ŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͕ ǀŝĚĞŽŐƌĂƉŚǇ ĂŶĚ ůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƌĞĂĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ͘ ,Ğ ĂůƐŽ ŚĂƐ ŚŽďďŝĞƐ ŝŶ ŵƵƐŝĐ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ƉůĂǇŝŶŐ ƉŝĂŶŽ͕ ŐƵŝƚĂƌ ĂŶĚ ǀŝŽůŝŶ͘ /Ĩ ǇŽƵ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĂƐŬ ĂďŽƵƚ D^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĞEĞǁƐůĞƩĞƌ Žƌ ĞůƐĞ͕ ĨĞĞů ĨƌĞĞ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ Śŝŵ͊Η

ŶĂƐƚĂǌŝĂ

ɹ ɫ ɩ ɸ ɫ ɺ ɧ ɸ ɿ ɬ ɵ ɸ ɶ ɻ ɨ ɲ ɯ ɩ ɧ ɺ ɯ ɵ ɴ ɹ ̛ ɶ ɸ ɵ ɳ ɵ ɺ ɯ ɵ ɴ ɹ

ŶĂƐƚĂǌŝĂ ǁĂƐ ďŽƌŶ ŝŶ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƐŚĞ ůŝǀĞĚ ĨŽƌ Ăůů ŚĞƌ ůŝĨĞ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝƐ ŚĞƌ ƚŚŝƌĚ ǇĞĂƌ ĂƐ Ă ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ ŝŶ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĂƐ ,ĂƐĂŶƵĚĚŝŶ͕ DĂŬĂƐƐĂƌ͕ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ ^ŚĞ ŚĂƐ Ă ǀĂƌŝĞƚǇ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŚŽďďŝĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌǇ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͕ ĞǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐ ŶĞǁ ĞǆŽƟĐ ƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ƐĞƩůŝŶŐ ĚŽǁŶ ƚŽ ƌĞĂĚ Ă ŐŽŽĚ ďŽŽŬ͘ WůĞĂƐĞ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ŚĞƌ ŝĨ ǇŽƵ ŚĂǀĞ ĂŶǇ ƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶƐͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƋƵŝƌŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ D^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů͘

ůŝĐĞ

ɹ ɫ ɩ ɸ ɫ ɺ ɧ ɸ ɿ ɵ ɬ ɬ ɯ ɴ ɧ ɴ ɩ ɫ ůŝĐĞ ŝƐ Ă ǀŝďƌĂŶƚ͕ ĐŚĞĞƌĨƵů͕ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĞƌŐĞƟĐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶ ǁŚŽ ǁŝůů ƐƚŽƉ Ăƚ ŶŽƚŚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ŚĞƌ ŐŽĂůƐ͘ ^ŚĞ ŝƐ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ ƐƚƵĚǇŝŶŐ ŚĞƌ ϯƌĚ ƉƌĞĐůŝŶŝĐĂů ǇĞĂƌ ŝŶ &ĂĐƵůƚǇ ŽĨ DĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͕ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ KŌĞŶ ĞŶŐĂŐĞĚ ŝŶ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͕ ƐŚĞ ĂůƐŽ ĞŶũŽǇƐ ǁĂƚĐŚŝŶŐ ŵŽǀŝĞƐ͕ ƐůĞĞƉŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŚĞƌ ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐ ŝŶ ŚĞƌ ĨƌĞĞ ƟŵĞ͘ ^ŚĞ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƋƵŝƚĞ ƌĂŶĚŽŵ Ăƚ ƐŽŵĞ ŵŽŵĞŶƚƐ ďƵƚ ƐŚĞ ŝƐ ŽƉĞŶ ĨŽƌ Ăůů ƐƵŐŐĞƐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĂůƐŽ ŚĂƉƉǇ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ǇŽƵ ŽŶ ĂŶǇƚŚŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŚĞ ŵŝŐŚƚ ďĞ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ŽŶ͊

ĚǁŝŶ

ɹ ɫ ɩ ɸ ɫ ɺ ɧ ɸ ɿ ɬ ɵ ɸ ɧ ɩ ɧ ɪ ɫ ɳ ɯ ɩ ɹ

ĚǁŝŶ ǁĂƐ ďŽƌŶ ŝŶ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕ ŚĞ ŝƐ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ ϯƌĚ ǇĞĂƌ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ Ăƚ DĂƌĂŶĂƚŚĂ ŚƌŝƐƟĂŶ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ ,Ğ ůŝŬĞƐ ƌĞĂĚ ĐŽŵŝĐƐ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĐŚ ĂŶŝŵĞ ŵŽǀŝĞ͕ ŚĞ ƐƉĞŶĚƐ ŚŝƐ ĨƌĞĞ ƟŵĞ ǁŝƚŚ ŚŝƐ ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐ ƚŽ ŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ŚĞ ůŝŬĞƐ ĐǇĐůŝŶŐ ĞǀĞƌǇ ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂǇ ǁŝƚŚ ŚŝƐ ĨĂŵŝůǇ͘ ,Ğ ůŝŬĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ͘ ŽŶƚĂĐƚ Śŝŵ ŝĨ ǇŽƵ ŚĂǀĞ ĂŶǇ ĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐͲ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƋƵŝƌĞƐ ĨŽƌ D^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů͘

&ĂƟŵĂ <ŚĂǁĂƌ

ɫ ɪ ɯ ɺ ɵ ɸ ̢ ɯ ɴ ̢ ɩ ɮ ɯ ɫ ɬ ɰ ̢ ɧ ɳ ɹ ɧ

&ĂƟŵĂ <ŚĂǁĂƌ ǁĂƐ ďŽƌŶ ŝŶ WĂŬŝƐƚĂŶ͕ Ă ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ ǁŚĞƌĞ ǇŽƵ ĐĂŶ ĞŶũŽǇ Ăůů ĨŽƵƌ ƐĞĂƐŽŶƐ Ăƚ ĂŶǇ ƟŵĞ ŽĨ ĂŶ ǇĞĂƌ͘ ^ŚĞ ŝƐ ƉƵƌƐƵŝŶŐ ŚĞƌ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĐĂƌĞĞƌ ƚŽ ďĞĐŽŵĞ Ă ƉƵďůŝĐ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚ ĨƌŽŵ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ DĞĚŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ĚĞŶƚĂů ĐŽůůĞŐĞ͕ ĨĂŝƐĂůĂďĂĚ͕ WĂŬŝƐƚĂŶ͘ ^ŚĞ ůŽǀĞƐ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ D^ ͘ /Ŷ D^ ŝŶƚĞƌŶ ƐŚĞ ŚĂƐ ǁŽƌŬĞĚ ĂƐ ĞĚŝƚŽƌ ŝŶ : D^ ͘ ^ŚĞ ŚĂƐ ƐĞƌǀĞĚ ĂŵƐĂ WĂŬŝƐƚĂŶ ĂůƐŽ͘ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ũŽƵƌŶĂůƐ ĂƌĞ ŚĞƌ ƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ͘ ^ŚĞ ŝƐ ĂůƐŽ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƌĞǀŝĞǁĞƌ ŝŶ ƐŽŵĞ ŚŝŐŚ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĨĂĐƚŽƌ ũŽƵƌŶĂůƐ ĂůƐŽ͘ ,Ğƌ ŚŽďďŝĞƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ dƌĂǀĞůůŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĐŚĂƫŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͘ ^ŚĞ ŝƐ ǀĞƌǇ ĨƌŝĞŶĚůǇ͕ ƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ůŽǀŝŶŐ ǇŽƵ ĐĂŶ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ŚĞƌ ĂŶǇƟŵĞ ŝĨ ǇŽƵ ŶĞĞĚ ĂŶǇ ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ ŝŶ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂŶĚ ƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͘

zƵĚŝƐ

ɹ ɫ ɩ ɸ ɫ ɺ ɧ ɸ ɿ ɬ ɵ ɸ ɳ ɧ ɸ ɱ ɫ ɺ ɯ ɴ ɭ ̛ ɹ ɶ ɵ ɴ ɹ ɵ ɸ ɹ ɮ ɯ ɶ ,ĂŝůŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ĐƵůƚƵƌĂůůǇ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͕ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕ zƵĚŝƐ ŝƐ Ă ϰƚŚ ǇĞĂƌ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ ŝŶ ^ƌŝǁŝũĂǇĂ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘ ,Ğ ŚĂƐ Ă ŐƌĞĂƚ ƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂů ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ƐǁŝŵŵŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŚĞ ĂůƐŽ ƉůĂǇƐ ƚŚĞ ǀŝŽůŝŶ͘ ,ŝƐ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ŝŶ ĐŚĂƌŝƚǇ ǁŽƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŚŝƐ ĨĞůůŽǁ ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐ͘ ,ĞΖƐ ŽƉĞŶ ƚŽ ĂŶǇ ƚŽƉŝĐƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ŬĞĞƉ ƚŚĞŵ ŐŽŝŶŐ͘ ,Ğ ĂůƐŽ ĞŶũŽǇƐ ƌĞĂĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŵƵƐŝĐ͘ ,ĞΖƐ ĚĞĮŶŝƚĞůǇ ƚŚŽƵŐŚƞƵů͕ ƌĞůŝĂďůĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƌŵ͕ ƐŽŵĞŽŶĞ ǁŚŽ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ůŽǀĞ ƚŽ ďĞ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ͘ &ĞĞů ĨƌĞĞ ƚŽ ďƵǌǌ Śŝŵ ŝĨ ǇŽƵ ĂƌĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ D^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůΖƐ ƐƉŽŶƐŽƌ Žƌ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌ

DŝĐŚĞůůĞ

ɲ ɯ ɧ ɯ ɹ ɵ ɴ ɵ ɬ ɬ ɯ ɩ ɫ ɸ ɺ ɵ ɧ ɹ ɫ ɧ ɴ DĞĞƚ ƚŚĞ >K ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ^ E͗ DŝĐŚĞůůĞ ĨƌŽŵ D^ Ͳ/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ ^ŚĞ ŚĂƐ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚ ϯ ǇĞĂƌƐ ŽĨ DĞĚŝĐĂů ^ĐŚŽŽů ŝŶ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĂƐ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ tŚĂƚ ƐŚĞ ŝƐ ƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂƚĞ ĂďŽƵƚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂƐŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŚĞ / ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂŵ͕ ŝƐ ĐƌĞĂƟŽŶŐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͘ /Ĩ ǇŽƵ ǁĂŶƚ ƚŽ ŬŶŽǁ ĂďŽƵƚ ^ E(Ɛ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ͕ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͕ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ǁŝƚŚ D^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů͕ ĨĞĞů ĨƌĞĞ ƚŽ ƌĞĂĐŚ ŚĞƌ͊

WƌŝŵĂ

ɲ ɯ ɧ ɯ ɹ ɵ ɴ ɵ ɬ ɬ ɯ ɩ ɫ ɸ ɺ ɵ ɧ ɳ ɪ ɧ

WƌŝŵĂ ŝƐ Ă ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ ĨƌŽŵ ^ƌŝǁŝũĂǇĂ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ďĂƚĐŚ ϮϬϭϰ͘ ŚĞ ŝƐ ďŽƌŶ ŝŶ WĂŶŐŬĂůĂŶďƵŶ͕ <ĂůŝŵĂŶƚĂŶ dĞŶŐĂŚ͕/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ ,ŝƐ ŚŽďďǇ ŝƐ ƐǁŝŵŵŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĐŚŝŶŐ Ă ĨŽŽƚďĂůů ŵĂƚĐŚ͘ ,Ğ ŚĂƐ Ă ĨĂǀŽƌŝƚĞ ĨŽŽƚďĂůů ;ƐŽĐĐĞƌͿ ƚĞĂŵƐ͘ dŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ & ĂƌĐĞůŽŶĂ ĂŶĚ ŚĞůƐĞĂ & ͘ ƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ͕ ,Ğ ŝƐ ƉůĂǇŝŶŐ ͞hŶĐŚĂƌƚĞĚ >ŽƐƚ >ĞŐĂĐǇ͟ ǀŝĚĞŽ ŐĂŵĞ͘ ,Ğ ůŽǀĞƐ ĐĂƚ ǀĞƌǇ ŵƵĐŚ͘ >ĂƐƚ͕ ŝĨ ǇŽƵ ŶĞĞĚ ŵǇ ŚĞůƉ ƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ D^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ D ͕ ũƵƐƚ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ Śŝŵ

ďďǇ

ɲ ɯ ɧ ɯ ɹ ɵ ɴ ɵ ɬ ɬ ɯ ɩ ɫ ɸ ɺ ɵ ɧ ɲ ɹ ɧ DĂƚŚŝůĚĂ ďŝŐĂŝů /ƌŝĂŶƟ͕ ďŽƌŶ ŽŶ Ɖƌŝů ϮϱƚŚ͕ ϭϵϵϴ ŝŶ :ĂŬĂƌƚĂ͘ ^ŚĞ ŝƐ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ Ă ϰƚŚ ǇĞĂƌ DĞĚŝĐĂů ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŚƌŝƐƟĂŶ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ ^ŚĞ ůŝŬĞƐ ƚŽ ŐŽ ĂŶǇǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŽ ƚƌĂǀĞů͕ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ŝƚƐ ƐƉĞŶĚŝŶŐ ƟŵĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐ Žƌ ŐŽ ĨŽƌ Ă ƐŽůŽ ƚƌĂǀĞůŝŶŐ͘ ^ŚĞ ŝƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƐƉŽƌƚƐ ůŝŬĞ ŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶ ŚŝŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚŝǀŝŶŐ͘ ůƐŽ ĨŽƌ Ă ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ͕ ƐŚĞ ŝƐ ǀĞƌǇ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͕ ĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌǇ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ͘ ŽŶƚĂĐƚ ŚĞƌ ŝĨ ǇŽƵ ŚĂǀĞ ĂŶǇ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶ ĂďŽƵƚ >^ ĨŽƌ D^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů͘

:ŽŚŶĂ DĂŶĚĂĐ

ɲ ɯ ɧ ɯ ɹ ɵ ɴ ɵ ɬ ɬ ɯ ɩ ɫ ɸ ɺ ɵ ɽ ɮ ɵ

:ŽŚŶĂ DĂŶĚĂĐ ŝƐ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ Ă ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ŝŶƚĞƌŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ WŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ͘ ƉĂƌƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƉƵƌƐƵŝŶŐ ŚĞƌ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĚĞŐƌĞĞ͕ ƐŚĞ ĞŶũŽǇƐ ĂƩĞŶĚŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͕ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐ ŝŶ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ƐŽŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŐƵŝƚĂƌ ĐŽǀĞƌƐ͘ ^ŚĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽĸĐŝĂů ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ ŽĨ D^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ƚŽ ƚŚĞ tŽƌůĚ ,ĞĂůƚŚ KƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚĞŶƵƌĞ͘ &ĞĞů ĨƌĞĞ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ŚĞƌ ĨŽƌ ĂŶǇ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĂůƐ Žƌ ŝŶƋƵŝƌŝĞƐ ƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐ t,K ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘

^KW <

ɲ ɯ ɧ ɯ ɹ ɵ ɴ ɵ ɬ ɬ ɯ ɩ ɫ ɸ ɺ ɵ ɽ ɮ ɵ

^ŽƉĂŬ ŝƐ ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůůǇ ĨƌŽŵ dŚĂŝůĂŶĚ͘ ,Ğ ŝƐ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ ŝŶ ϰƚŚ ǇĞĂƌ ŽĨ dŽŬǇŽ DĞĚŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ĞŶƚĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŝŶ dŽŬǇŽ͕ :ĂƉĂŶ͘ ,Ğ ůŝŬĞƐ ƚŽ ƚƌĂǀĞů͕ ůŝƐƚĞŶ ƚŽ ŵƵƐŝĐ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĐŚ ƌĂŶĚŽŵ ŵŽǀŝĞƐ͘ ,Ğ ĨĂůůƐ ŝŶ ůŽǀĞ ǁŝƚŚ 'ůŽďĂů ,ĞĂůƚŚ ĂŶĚ ǁĂŶƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ ƚŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ďǇ ǇŽƵƚŚ͘ ,Ğ ǁŝůů ƐĞƌǀĞ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ >ŝĂŝƐŽŶ KĸĐĞƌ ƚŽ t,K ĨŽƌ D^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŝŶŐ ϮϬϭϳͲϮϬϭϴ ƚĞŶƵƌĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚŽƉŝŶŐ ƚŽ ďƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ŵŽƌĞ ĂďŽƵƚ t,K͘

̤ ̤ ɽ ɮ ɧ ɺ ɯ ɹ ɧ ɲ ɹ ɧ ̴

ɧɲɹɧ ʔʕʂʏʅʔ ʇʐʓ ɧʔʊʂʏ ɲʂʘ ɹʕʖʅʆʏʕʔ̜

ɧʔʔʐʄʊʂʕʊʐʏ̣ ɯʕ ʊʔ ʂ ʏʐʏ̢

ʑʐʍʊʕʊʄʂʍ ʂʏʅ ʏʐʏ̢ʑʓʐʇʊʕ

ʐʓʈʂʏʊʔʂʕʊʐʏ ʕʉʂʕ ʂʊʎʔ ʕʐ ʄʐʏʏʆʄʕ ʍʂʘ ʔʕʖʅʆʏʕʔ ʇʓʐʎ ʂʍʍ ʂʓʐʖʏʅ ɧʔʊʂ ʕʉʓʐʖʈʉ ʂ ʔʆʓʊʆʔ ʐʇ

ʂʄʕʊʗʊʕʊʆʔ ʕʉʂʕ ʆʏʓʊʄʉʆʔ ʕʉʆʎ ʘʊʕʉ ʈʍʐʃʂʍ ʂʏʅ

ʓʆʈʊʐʏʂʍ ʌʏʐʘʍʆʅʈʆ ̝ʃʐʕʉ ʍʆʈʂʍ ʂʏʅ ʏʐʏ̢ʍʆʈʂʍ̞

ƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ͕ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ŽǀĞƌ ϭϮϱϬϬ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ĨƌŽŵ ϭϲ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ EĂƟŽŶĂů ŚĂƉƚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Ϯ KďƐĞƌǀĞƌ ŚĂƉƚĞƌ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ >Ăǁ ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐΖ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ͕ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ >Ăǁ ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐΖ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ͕ EĞǁ ĞĂůĂŶĚ >Ăǁ ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐΖ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŽŵŝŶŝĐĂŶ ZĞƉƵďůŝĐ >Ăǁ ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐΖ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ͘

> ^

Ŷ Ŷ Ƶ Ă ů ů Ǉ͕ ǁĞ Ž ƌŐĂ Ŷ ŝ Ɛ Ğ ƚ Ś Ğ > ^ &Ž ƌ Ƶ ŵ ͕ > ^ Ž Ŷ ĨĞ ƌ Ğ Ŷ Đ Ğ ͕ > ^ / Ŷ ƚ Ğ ƌ Ŷ Ă Ɵ Ž Ŷ Ă ů D Ž Ž ƚ Ž Ƶ ƌ ƚ ŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ͕ >^ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů >ĞŐĂů dƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ Θ tŽƌŬƐŚŽƉ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƐŝĂ WĂĐŝĮĐ ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ZŽƵŶĚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ DŽŽƚ ŽƵƌƚ ŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ŽƵƌ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ ĨŽƌ ŽƵƌ ŵ Ğ ŵ ď Ğ ƌƐ Ă Ɛ ǁĞ ů ů Ă Ɛ ƚ ƌĂ ŝ Ŷ ŝ Ŷ Ő ŝ Ŷ Ž Ƶ ƌ Ɖ Ă ƌ ƚ Ŷ Ğ ƌƐ Ζ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ͘ DĂŶǇ EĂƟŽŶĂů ŚĂƉƚĞƌƐ ĂůƐŽ ŚĂǀĞ ůŽĐĂů ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ůĂǁ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĞĂĐŚ ůŽĐĂů ůĂǁ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ ĐŽŵĞ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ŝŶ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶƐ Žƌ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶĂů ŵĞĞƚͲƵƉͬŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ͘

ɵ ɻ ɸ ɺ ɮ ɵ ɻ ɭ ɮ ɺ ɹ ̤ ̤ ɵ ɴ ɧ ɳ ɹ ɧ D^ ŝƐ Ă ƌŽďƵƐƚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂƐ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ ĂŝŵƐ ǁŝƚŚ >^ ƐƵĐŚ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƚ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŽǀĞƌ ƐŝĂͲWĂĐŝĮĐ ďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ Ă ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬͶƉůĂƞŽƌŵ ƚŚĂƚ ƐĞƌǀĞƐ ĂƐ Ă ĐŽŶĚƵŝƚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ͘ Ɛ >^ ΖƐ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƉĂƌƚ͕ D^ ΖƐ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞ ŝƐ ƚŽ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ĐƌŽƐƐͲĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ŽĨ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶ͘ dŽ ŽƵƌ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽŶůǇ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ >^ ĂŶĚ D^ ǁŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵĞƌ ŝƐ ƉƵƌƐƵŝŶŐ ĚĞŐƌĞĞ ŝŶ ůĂǁ ǁŚŝůĞ ƚŚĞ ůĂƩĞƌ ŝŶ ŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͘ Ɛ ŽƵƌ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ ůŝŶĞ ĚƌĂǁŶ ƚŽĚĂǇ ǁŝůů ďĞ ŐƌĂĚƵĂůůǇ ďůƵƌƌĞĚ ĂƐ ŽƵƌ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ͘

tŝƚŚ ƚŚŝƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ĨŽƌ >^ ĂŶĚ D^ ǁŽƵůĚ ďĞ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ǁŚĞƌĞďǇ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ůĂǁ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ũŽŝŶ ŚĂŶĚƐ ƚŽ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞ ĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ŝĚĞĂůƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ͕ ŵŽƌĞ ƐŽ͕ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ĮĞůĚƐ ƐŽ ĂƐ ƚŽ ĂůůŽǁ ďŽƚŚ >^ Ă Ŷ Ě D ^ Ζ Ɛ ŵ Ğ ŵ ď Ğ ƌ Ɛ ƚ Ž ď Ğ Ŷ Ğ Į ƚ Ĩ ƌ Ž ŵ ƚ Ś Ğ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ͘ dƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ŽĨ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂƐ ĞŶǀŝƐŝŽŶĞĚ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĚŽŶĞ ƐŽ ďǇ ŵĞĂŶ ŽĨ ũŽƵƌŶĂůƐ͕ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ŵĞĞƚͲƵƉ ƚŽ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐ ŽŶ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĞƚĐ͘ tĞ ĂƌĞ ůŽŽŬŝŶŐ ĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ ĨŽƌ ƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ >^ ĂŶĚ D^ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ŶĞĂƌ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ƐƵĐŚ ƚŚĂƚ ŽƵƌ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ǁŽƌŬ ƐŝĚĞ ďǇ ƐŝĚĞ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ ďŽƚŚ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůůǇ ĂŶĚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶĂůůǇ͘

& d h Z D ^ , W d Z W ZK & / > ͗

ɧɳɹɧ̢ɩɮɯɴɧ

̤ ̤ ̧ ̥ ̦ ̬ ɧ ɳ ɹ ɧ ̢ ɩ ɮ ɯ ɴ ɧ ɫ ɾ ɫ ɩ ɻ ɺ ɯ ɼ ɫ ɳ ɫ ɳ ɨ ɫ ɸ ɹ

KE^d/dhd/KE

ɬɵɻɴɪɧɺɯɵɴ

D D Z^,/W

ɸ ɫ ɩ ɫ ɴ ɺ ɫ ɼ ɫ ɴ ɺ ɹ ̛ ɬ ɻ ɺ ɻ ɸ ɫ

̤ ̤ ̧ ̥ ̦ ̬ ɧ ɳ ɹ ɫ ɶ ɹ ɮ ɧ ɴ ɭ ɮ ɧ ɯ

& d h Z D ^ h E

E / s Z ^ / d z W Z K & / >

&+,1$ )'8

&h E h E / s Z ^ / d z͗ D^ W WZK&/>

&ƵĚĂŶ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ǁĂƐ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ŝŶ ϭϵϬϱ ĂƐ &ƵĚĂŶ WƵďůŝĐ ^ĐŚŽŽů͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŚŝŐŚĞƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ďĞ ĨŽƵŶĚĞĚ ďǇ Ă ŚŝŶĞƐĞ ƉĞƌƐŽŶ͕ ƌĞŶŽǁŶĞĚ ŵŽĚĞƌŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌ DĂ yŝĂŶŐďŽ͘ dŚĞ ƐĐŚŽŽů͛Ɛ ŶĂŵĞ ǁĂƐ ĐŚŽƐĞŶ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ͞ ŝŽŐƌĂƉŚǇ ŽĨ zƵǆŝĂ͟ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ůĂƐƐŝĐ ŽĨ ,ŝƐƚŽƌǇ ; Ϳ͕ ǉቊҖབྷՐ 㲎༿ՐǊ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƚǁŽ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐ Ĩƶ༽ ;͟ƌĞƚƵƌŶ͟Ϳ ĂŶĚ ĚăŶᰖ ;͟ĚĂǁŶ͟Ϳ ĂƌĞ ĨŽƵŶĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨĂŵŽƵƐ ůŝŶĞƐ ͞ ƌŝůůŝĂŶƚ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƵŶƐŚŝŶĞ ĂŶĚ ŵŽŽŶůŝŐŚƚ͕ ĂŐĂŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƌŶŝŶŐ ŐůŽƌǇ ĂŌĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŶŝŐŚƚ͕͟ ƐŝŐŶŝĨǇŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐ ƐĞůĨͲƌĞŶĞǁĂů͕ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŚŽƉĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŚŝŶĂ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞĐŽŵĞ Ă ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ŚŝŐŚĞƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƌƵŶ ďǇ ŚŝŶĞƐĞ ŝŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂůƐ͘

d,/^ z ZΖ^ D^ W dt E ^, E', / E ,KE'<KE' t ^ KZ' E/ z ^dh Ed^ &ZKD &h E hE/s Z^/dz /E :h>z͕ t,/ , /^ >^K d, &/Z^d D^ W d, d t ^ , > , Z ͘ d, WZK'Z D /^ 'KK , E &KZ KDDhE/ d/KE E WZ /Kh^ D DKZz &KZ s ZzKE ͘ t ,KW d, d d,/^ /^ 'KK ^d Zd ^K d, d t E , s DKZ KKW Z d/KE E KEd d t/d, D / > ^dh Ed^ &ZKD Kd, Z KhEdZ/ ^͘

/Ŷ ϭϵϭϳ ƚŚĞ ŶĂŵĞ ǁĂƐ ĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ &ƵĚĂŶ WƵďůŝĐ ^ĐŚŽŽů ƚŽ &ƵĚĂŶ WƌŝǀĂƚĞ ^ĐŚŽŽů͖ ŝŶ ϭϵϯϳ ĂŌĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƚďƌĞĂŬ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŶƟͲ :ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞ tĂƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐĐŚŽŽů ŵŽǀĞĚ ƚŽ ĞŝƉĞŝ ŝŶ ŚŽŶŐƋŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ϭϵϰϭ ŝƚ ďĞĐĂŵĞ ƐƚĂƚĞͲƌƵŶ͖ ŝŶ ϭϵϰϲ ŝƚ ŵŽǀĞĚ ďĂĐŬ ƚŽ ŝƚƐ ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ :ŝĂŶŐǁĂŶ͕ ^ŚĂŶŐŚĂŝ͘ ŌĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶǁŝĚĞ ƌĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ŚŝŐŚĞƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ϭϵϱϮ͕ &ƵĚĂŶ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ďĞĐĂŵĞ Ă ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĂƌƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞƐ͖ ŝŶ ϭϵϱϵ ŝƚ ďĞĐĂŵĞ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ EĂƟŽŶĂů <ĞǇ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ ĂůŽŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ^ŚĂŶŐŚĂŝ &ŝƌƐƚ DĞĚŝĐĂů ŽůůĞŐĞ ;ůĂƚĞƌ ŬŶŽǁŶ ĂƐ ^ŚĂŶŐŚĂŝ DĞĚŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇͿ͘ ^ŚĂŶŐŚĂŝ DĞĚŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ǁĂƐ ĨŽƵŶĚĞĚ ŝŶ ϭϵϮϳ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚŽƉ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐƟĞƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŚĂǀĞ ŵĂĚĞ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŚŝŶĂ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƚǁŽ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐƟĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϬ͘

dŽŶŐũŝ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĐŽůůĞŐĞ ŽĨ ,h^d͕ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ tƵŚĂŶ͕ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ŚŝŶĂΖƐ ƚŽƉ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘

tƵŚĂŶ͕ ĐĂƉŝƚĂů ĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ,ƵďĞŝ WƌŽǀŝŶĐĞ͕ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ůĂƌŐĞƐƚ ĐŝƚǇ ŝŶ ĞŶƚƌĂů ŚŝŶĂ͕ ĞŶũŽǇŝŶŐ Ă ǁĞůůͲĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŚĂƐ ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞƐ ƚŽ Ăůů ƉĂƌƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͘ ZĞŶŽǁŶĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŝƚƐ ůŽŶŐ ŚŝƐƚŽƌǇ ĂŶĚ ƌĂƉŝĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ tƵŚĂŶ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŽƵƐ ĐŝƟĞƐ ŝŶ ŚŝŶĂ͘ dŚĞ zĂŶŐƚǌĞ ZŝǀĞƌ ƌƵŶƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ tƵŚĂŶ ĂŶĚ ĚŝǀŝĚĞƐ ŚĞƌ ŝŶƚŽ ƚǁŽ ƉĂƌƚƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ďƌŝŶŐƐ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŬĞƐ ŚĞƌ ǀĞƌǇ ĚǇŶĂŵŝĐ͘ Ɛ Ă ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŵŽĚĞƌŶ ƟŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶ͕ tƵŚĂŶ ŚĂƐ ǁŝƚŶĞƐƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ ŝŶ ŚŝŶĂ ŝŶ ƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐ ŽĨ ǇĞĂƌƐ͘ zŽƵ ŵĂǇ ĮŶĚ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĂŐĞƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌĞĞƚƐ ŽĨ tƵŚĂŶ͘

dŽŶŐũŝ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĐŽůůĞŐĞ ŽĨ ,h^d͕ ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ^ŚĂŶŐŚĂŝ 'ĞƌŵĂŶ DĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ ^ĐŚŽŽů ĨŽƵŶĚĞĚ ďǇ ƌ͘ ƌŝĐŚ WĂƵůƵŶ͕ ŵŽǀĞĚ ƚŽ tƵŚĂŶ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ͘ EŽǁĂĚĂǇƐ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĐĞŶƚĞƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĂů ŽĨ ŚŝŶĂ͘ dŽŶŐũŝ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĐŽůůĞŐĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ϵ ĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇ ƐƵďŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚ Ś Ž Ɛ Ɖ ŝ ƚ Ă ů Ɛ ͕ Ś Ă Ɛ Ŷ Ğ Ă ƌ ů Ǉ ϵ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ɛ ƚ Ƶ Ě Ğ Ŷ ƚ Ɛ ŝ Ŷ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŐƌĂĚĞƐ͘ ^ŚĞ ĞŶũŽǇƐ Ă ŚŝŐŚ ƉŽƉƵůĂƌŝƚǇ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůǇ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ŝŶ tƵŚĂŶ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ Ăůů ŽǀĞƌ ŚŝŶĂ͘ ^ŚĞ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚŽƉ ϭϬ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ŝŶ ŚŝŶĂ͘

D^ ͲdŽŶŐũŝ͕ ĂƐ Ă ďƌĂŶĐŚ ŽĨ D^ Ͳ ŚŝŶĂ͕ ŵĂŝŶůǇ ĂŝŵƐ Ăƚ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ dŽŶŐũŝ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶ D^ ŚŝŶĂΖƐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌƌǇŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ƐŽŵĞ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐůǇ͘ tĞ ŚĂǀĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞĚ ŽƵƚ Ă ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ŽĨ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ DŽĚĞů tŽƌůĚ ,ĞĂůƚŚ ƐƐĞŵďůĞ ;ŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ tŽƌůĚ ,ĞĂůƚŚ ƐƐĞŵďůĞ ŽĨ t,K͕ ŝŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ĐĂŶ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐͿ ĂŶĚ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂǇ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͕ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ƐĐŚŽŽů ĂƌĞ ǁŝĚĞůǇ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŵĂŬĞƐ ƚŚĞŵ ŵŽƌĞ ĨĂŵŝůŝĂƌ ǁŝƚŚ D^ ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͕ D^ ͲdŽŶŐũŝ ǁŝůů ŚŽůĚ ŵŽƌĞ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƐ Žƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐĐŚŽŽů ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ŝŵƉŽƐĞ Ă ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ͘ :ƵƐƚ ĂƐ ŽƵƌ ĐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƌ ƐĐŚŽŽů͕ D^ ͲdŽŶŐũŝ ŝƐ ĂůƐŽ ƚŚƌŝǀŝŶŐ ƌĂƉŝĚůǇ͕ ǁĂŝƟŶŐ ƚŽ ƐĞĞ ǇŽƵ ŝŶ D^ W ƚŚŝƐ ǇĞĂƌ͘

^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ DĞĚŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ;^DhͿ dŚĞ ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ DĞĚŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ĨŽƌŵĞƌůǇ ƚŚĞ &ŝƌƐƚ DŝůŝƚĂƌǇ DĞĚŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŝŶĞƐĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞΖƐ ůŝďĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂƌŵǇ͕ ǁĂƐ ĨŽƵŶĚĞĚ ŝŶ ϭϵϱϭ ĂŶĚ ĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ ŝƚƐ ŶĂŵĞ ƚŽ ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ DĞĚŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŝŶ ƵŐƵƐƚ ϮϬϬϰ͘ EŽǁ ŝƚ ŝƐ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ 'ƵĂŶŐǌŚŽƵ͕ 'ƵĂŶŐĚŽŶŐ ƉƌŽǀŝŶĐĞ͘ dŚĞ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ďŽƚŚ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ĐůŝŶŝĐĂů ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϰ ǁĂƐ ĂƉƉƌŽǀĞĚ ĂƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ϴ ĐŽůůĞŐĞƐ ĐĂŶ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ĞŝŐŚƚ ǇĞĂƌƐ ĐůŝŶŝĐĂů ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƚǁŽ ĐĂŵƉƵƐ͗ dŚĞ ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ ĂŶĚ dŚĞ ^ŚƵŶĚĞ ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ͘ dŚĞ ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŝŶ ŚĞĂĚƋƵĂƌƚĞƌ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ D^ ͘

ɹ ɿ ɯ ɧ ɮ ɱ ɻ ɧ ɲ ɧ ɻ ɴ ɯ ɼ ɫ ɸ ɹ ɯ ɺ ɿ ŌĞƌ dƐƵŶĂŵŝ dƌĂŐĞĚǇ ŝŶ ĞĐĞŵďĞƌ ϮϲƚŚ͕ ϮϬϬϰ͕ D^ ΖƐ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŵĂĚĞ Ă ŵĞĞƟŶŐ ŝŶ :ĂƉĂŶ ƚŽ ĚĞĐŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ƐĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĐĞŚ͘ dŚĞǇ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌŝůǇ ĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ĐĞŚΖƐ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ĂŌĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŐĞĚǇ͘ EŽƚ ŽŶůǇ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĂƚ͕ D^ ͲŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůΖƐ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŝŐŐĞƌƐ ŽĨ D^ Ͳ^ǇŝĂŚ <ƵĂůĂ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇΖƐ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚ͘ D^ Ͳ^ǇŝĂŚ <ƵĂůĂ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ǁĂƐ ĮŶĂůůǇ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ŝŶ DĂǇ͕ ϮϬϬϱ͕ ĂƐ ĂŶ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ D^ ͲhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ ĨŽƌ Ă ǇĞĂƌ ĂŶĚ ŽĸĐŝĂůůǇ ƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ ĂƐ D^ Ͳ/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂΖƐ ĨƵůů ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŝŶ :ƵůǇ ϭϱƚŚ͕ ϮϬϬϲ͘

D^ Ͳ^ǇŝĂŚ <ƵĂůĂ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŝƐ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĐĞŚ WƌŽǀŝŶĐĞ͕ dŚĞ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ &ŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ D^ ΖƐ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐ͕ D^ Ͳ^ǇŝĂŚ <ƵĂůĂ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŚĂƐ ƐŽŵĞ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ D ^ d Z ; ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƌƵƌĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ ŝŶ ƚŚƌĞĞ ĚĂǇƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ŝƌĐƵŵĐŝƐŝŽŶ͕ DĂƐƐ DĞĚŝĐĂů dƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ͕ ,ŽŵĞ sŝƐŝƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶǇ ŵŽƌĞͿ ĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ŚŝŐŚ ƐĐŚŽŽů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ĐĞŚ͘

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ĐĞŚ ŝƐ Ă ƉĞĂĐĞ ƉƌŽǀŝŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ /ƐůĂŵŝĐ ƚĞŶĚĞŶĐǇ ŝŶ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͘ DŽƐůĞŵƐ͕ ďŽǇƐ ĂŶĚ ŐŝƌůƐ͕ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ǁĞĂƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐůŽƚŚĞƐ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ /ƐůĂŵΖƐ ƌƵůĞ ĂŶĚ ŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶ͘ ĐĞŚ ĂůƐŽ ŚĂƐ ŵĂŶǇ ŵƵƐƚͲǀŝƐŝƚĞĚ ƉůĂĐĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĐĞŚ dƐƵŶĂŵŝ DƵƐĞƵŵ͕ ĂŝƚƵƌƌĂŚŵĂŶ 'ƌĂŶĚ DŽƐƋƵĞ͕ ^ĂďĂŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶǇ ďĞĂƵƟĨƵů ǁŚŝƚĞ ƐĂŶĚ ďĞĂĐŚĞƐ͘ ŶĚ ǇĞƐ͊ dŚĞ ǁŚŝƚĞ ƐĂŶĚ ďĞĂĐŚĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƚƌƵůǇ ďĞĂƵƟĨƵů ĂŶĚ ĐůĞĂŶ͕ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ǀĞƌǇ ĂƩƌĂĐƟǀĞ ĨŽƌ ĚŽŵĞƐƟĐ ƚŽƵƌŝƐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶĞƌ͘ ^Ž͕ ŝĨ ǇŽƵ ĐŽŵĞ ĨŽƌ Ă ǀŝƐŝƚ ƚŽ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕ ŵĂŬĞ ƐƵƌĞ ǇŽƵ ĂůƐŽ ǀŝƐŝƚ ƚŚĞ ŽƵƚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ĐĞŚ͕ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͊ zŽƵ ǁŝůů ŶĞǀĞƌ ƌĞŐƌĞƚ ŝƚ͊

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D^ Ͳ^ǇŝĂŚ <ƵĂůĂ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂůƐŽ ĂĐƟǀĞůǇ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞƐ ŝŶ ĞǀĞƌǇ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĞǀĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĞǆƉĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ďƵŝůĚ ŵƵƚƵĂů ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ͘ Ɛ ƚŚĞ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŝƐ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĞƋƵĂƚŽƌŝĂů ǌŽŶĞ͕ D^ Ͳ^ǇŝĂŚ <ƵĂůĂ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂůƐŽ ĂĐƟǀĞůǇ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞƐ ŝŶ dƌŽƉŝĐĂů ŝƐĞĂƐĞ ĮŶĚŝŶŐƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͕ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ǁŝƚŚ dŚĞ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇΖƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƚĞĂŵ͘

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̤ ̤ ɴ ɧ ɺ ɯ ɵ ɴ ɧ ɲ ɧ ɩ ɺ ɯ ɵ ɴ ɫ ɼ ɫ ɴ ɺ ̧ ̥ ̦ ̫ ̤ ̤ ɳ ɯ ɹ ɵ ɶ ɸ ɵ ɹ ɺ ɵ ɲ ̧ ̥ ̦ ̫

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ɹɧɴɭɭɧɽɧɪ

z ǀ Ă Ŷ Ŷ Ğ Ɛ Ɛ Ă ^ Ă Ŷ ƚ Ž Ɛ

zǀĂŶŶĞƐƐĂ ^ĂŶƚŽƐ ŝƐ Ă ƚŚŝƌĚ ǇĞĂƌ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ŝĐŽů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽůůĞŐĞ ŽĨ DĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͘ ^ŚĞ ŝƐ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ Ă ŵĞŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ ^ĂŶŐŐĂǁĂĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐǇ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚŶĞƐƐ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĐŚŽŽů͕ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞ ŵĞŵďĞƌ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ D^ WŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ

/ƚΖƐ ϮϬϭϳͶƚŚĞ DŝůůĞŶŝĂů ŐĞ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞ ůŝŬĞ ƚŽ ĐĂůů ŝƚ͘ ǀĞƌǇďŽĚǇΖƐ ŚŽůĚŝŶŐ Ă ƉŚŽŶĞ ŝŶ ŽŶĞ ŚĂŶĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƐƉĞƌĂƚĞůǇ ƚƌǇŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŐĞƚ Ă ŐƌŝƉ ŽŶ ƌĞĂůŝƚǇ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŚĂŶĚ͘/Ŷ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĚĂǇƐ͕ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ ĨĂĐĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚΖƐ ƌĞĂůŝƟĞƐ͘ /ƚΖƐ Ă ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ƚŽ ůŽŽŬ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞǇĞ͕ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ǁŚĞŶ ŶŽƚ ĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ŐŽĞƐ ŽŶ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ǇŽƵ ŝƐ ĚĞƐŝƌĂďůĞ͘ ŶĚ ŶŽ ŵĂƩĞƌ ŚŽǁ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ŵĂǇ ďĞ͕ ƐŽŵĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĚĂƌĞ ƚŽ ǁĂůŬ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŝƚ Ăůů ĚĞƐƉŝƚĞ ďĞŝŶŐ ǀŝĐƟŵƐ ŽĨ ǁĂƌƐ͕ ŽĨ ĐĂůĂŵŝƟĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐ͘ /ƚΖƐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ǁŚŽ ŐŝǀĞ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ ƚŽ ŽƵƌ ĚƵƚǇ ŽĨ ƌĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ĂŶĚ ŚĞůƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ŐĞƚ ďĂĐŬ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĨĞĞƚ͖ ŽƵƌ ĐĂůůŝŶŐ ƚŽ ďĞ ƐĞůŇĞƐƐ ŝŶ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͕ ƚŽ ďĞ ŐĞĂƌĞĚ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ Ă ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ĨŽƌ ǁŚĂƚ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ Žƌ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐ ŵĂǇ ĂƩĞŵƉƚ ƚŽ ƉƵƐŚ ƵƐ ĚŽǁŶ͘ /ƚΖƐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĨƵĞů ^ĂŶŐŐĂǁĂĚ ƚŽ ƐĞƌǀĞ͘ tĞ ĂƌĞ ĂŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŝĐŽů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽůůĞŐĞ ŽĨ DĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ ĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐǇ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ͘ /Ŷ Ă ƌĞŐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ Ă ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ƚĂ ƌŐ Ğ ƚ Ž Ĩ Ă Ŷ Ƶ ŵ ď Ğ ƌ Ž Ĩ Đ Ă ů Ă ŵ ŝ Ɵ Ğ Ɛ ͕ ^ĂŶŐŐĂǁĂĚǁĂƐ ďŽƌŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ Ăŝŵ ƚŽ ĐŽŶǀĞǇ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ŽĨ ďĞŝŶŐ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƟŵĞƐ ŽĨ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘

tĞ ǁŽƌŬ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƚŚĞ ŐŽĂů ŽĨ ƌĞůĂǇŝŶŐ ƵƐĞĨƵů ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚĂŝůŽƌĞĚ ƌŽƵƟŶĞƐ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŬŶŽǁ ǁŚĂƚ ƚŽ ĚŽ ĨŽƌ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ĐĂůĂŵŝƟĞƐ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƚǇƉŚŽŽŶƐ ƚŽ ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶŝŶŐ ǀŽůĐĂŶŝĐ ĞƌƵƉƟŽŶƐ͕ ^ĂŶŐŐĂǁĂĚ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚƐ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌ ĚƌŝůůƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ĚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ƚŚĞŵ ďĞ ĂǁĂƌĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ƚƵƌŶ͕ ƚŽ ĂůůŽǁ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽ ƉĂƐƐ ƚŚĞ ŵĞƐƐĂŐĞ ŽŶ ƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͘ ^ĂŶŐŐĂǁĂĚ ƐƚĂŶĚƐ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƚŚĞ ǁĂǇ ǁĞ ǁŽƌŬ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚ ŝŶ ƟŵĞƐ Žƌ ĐƌŝƐĞƐ͘ tĞ ŚŽƉĞ ƚŽ ƐƚŽƉ ƚŚĞ ^ŝƐǇƉŚĞĂŶ ĐǇĐůĞƐ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ďǇ ƉĂŶŝĐ ĂŶĚ ŵŝƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ĚŝŵŝŶŝƐŚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ ŽĨ ĚĂŵĂŐŝŶŐ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶ ƚŽ ƐƚƌŝƉ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ǀŝĐƟŵƐ ŽĨ ǁŚĂƚĞǀĞƌ ŚŽƉĞ ŵĂǇ ďĞ ůĞŌ͘ tĞ ĚŽ ůŝƩůĞ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ ŽŶĞ ƐƚĞƉ Ăƚ Ă ƟŵĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŽƉƟŵŝƐŵ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƐŵĂůů ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ǁŝůů ď ƌ ŝ Ŷ Ő Ă ď Ž Ƶ ƚ Đ Ś Ă Ŷ Ő Ğ ŝ Ŷ Ě ŝ Ɛ Ă Ɛ ƚ Ğ ƌ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚŶĞƐƐ͘ tŚĂƚĞǀĞƌ ǇĞĂƌ ŝƚ ŵĂǇ ďĞ͕ ǁŚĂƚĞǀĞƌ ĞƌĂ ǁĞ ǁĂůŬ ŝŶ͕ ǁŚĂƚĞǀĞƌ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ǁĞΖƌĞ ŝŶ͕ ůĞƚ ŽƵƌ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ƌŝŶŐ ůŽƵĚ ĂŶĚ ƚƌƵĞ ƚŽ ŬĞĞƉŝŶŐ ŽƵƌ ŚĞĂĚƐ ŚĞůĚ ŚŝŐŚ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƌ ŚĂŶĚƐ ĞǆƚĞŶĚĞĚ ƚŽ ǁŚŽĞǀĞƌ ŚĂƐ ĨĂůůĞŶ ďĞůŽǁ͘

<h D W ^ <ƵŵƉĂƐ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĮůŝƉŝŶŽ ǁŽƌĚ ĨŽƌ ŚĂŶĚ ŐĞƐƚƵƌĞ͘ dŚŝƐ ĮůŝƉŝŶŽ ǁŽƌĚ ƉĞƌĨĞĐƚůǇ ĞŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƐŽƵů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ĂƐ ŬƵŵƉĂƐ ĚŽĞƐŶΖƚ ŽŶůǇ ŵĞĂŶ ƌĂŶĚŽŵ͕ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐůĞƐƐ ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚĂŶĚ͘ ZĂƚŚĞƌ͕ ŝƚ ŝŵƉůŝĞƐ ǁĞŝŐŚƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŝŵƉůĞƐƚ ŽĨ ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚĂŶĚ͕ ŵĂǇ ŝƚ ďĞ ƚŚĞ ƌŚǇƚŚŵ ŽĨ ĂŶ ŽƌĐŚĞƐƚƌĂ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ŐůĞĞ ŽĨ Ă ĚĂŶĐĞƌ͕ Žƌ ƚŚĞ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƐƉĞĂŬƐ ƚŚĞ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďŽĚǇ͘ &Žƌ ƚŚĞ ĮĞůĚ ŽĨ ŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͕ ŝƚ ŵĂǇ ďĞ ƚŚĞ ŽŶĞ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ Ă ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ ŝŶ ƐĂǀŝŶŐ ůŝǀĞƐ͘ dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚŝƐ ĂĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ D^ ʹ & h EZD& ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŐĂŝŶĞĚ ƚŚƌĞĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ǁŝůů ĐĂƌƌǇ ĂƐ Ă ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ƉŚǇƐŝĐŝĂŶ͗ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ĂŶ ŽƉĞŶ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ Ă ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ͕ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ďƌŝĚŐĞƐ ƚŽ ďƌĞĂŬ ŐĂƉƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƟŶŐ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĂŵŝĚƐƚ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘

ɨ ɻ ɯ ɲ ɪ ɯ ɴ ɭ ɨ ɸ ɯ ɪ ɭ ɫ ɹ ̡ ɨ ɸ ɫ ɧ ɱ ɯ ɴ ɭ ɭ ɧ ɶ ɹ ̯ ɺ ɮ ɫ ɸ ɵ ɲ ɫ ɵ ɬ ɺ ɮ ɫ ɶ ɮ ɿ ɹ ɯ ɩ ɯ ɧ ɴ ɹ ɯ ɴ ɺ ɮ ɫ ɪ ɫ ɧ ɬ ɩ ɵ ɳ ɳ ɻ ɴ ɯ ɺ ɿ

D ŝ Đ Ś Ă Ğ ů ů Ă Ő Ƶ ŝ ů Ă ƌ Ă Ŷ Ě W Ă Ƶ ů : Ž Ɛ Ğ Ɖ Ś ^ ŝ Ő Ƶ Ğ Ŷ ǌ Ă

͞^ĂŶĂ ŵĂŝŶƟŶĚŝŚĂŶ ŶŝŶǇŽ ΖǇƵŶŐ ŵŐĂ ŬĂƌĂŶĂƐĂŶ ŶĂŵŝŶ͟ ;tĞ ŚŽƉĞ ǇŽƵ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ŽƵƌ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐͿ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ǁĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌĚƐ ŽĨ ĂƌŽůǇŶ ĂŐĂŶŝ͕ WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ WŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞ &ĞĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞĂĨ /ŶĐ͘ ;W& Ϳ͕ ĂƐ ƐŚĞ ƌĞĐĂůůĞĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƐ ĂƐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ǁŝƚŚ ŚĞĂƌŝŶŐ ĚŝƐĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŚŽƐƉŝƚĂů ƐĞƫŶŐ͘ tŚĂƚ ƌĞƐŽŶĂƚĞĚ ůŽƵĚůǇ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĂĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŝŶ ƐĞĞŬŝŶŐ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĐŽŶƐƵůƚ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŐĂƉ ŝŶ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘ DƐ͘ ĂŐĂŶŝ ǁĂƐ ŚŽƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ŵĂǇ ďĞ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞůǇ ǁŝƚŚ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ĐĂƌĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝƐ ƐŽ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ŵĂǇ ǀŽŝĐĞ ŽƵƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ŵĂǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ŶĞĞĚ͘ DƐ ĂŐĂŶŝΖƐ ǁŽĞ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ĂŶ ŝƐŽůĂƚĞĚ ŽŶĞ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝƐ ŚĂƉƉĞŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ Ă ĚĂŝůǇ ďĂƐŝƐ͕ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůǇ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ ďƵƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŚŽůĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͘ dŽ ďĞ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚ ʹ ŝƐŶΖƚ ǁŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĂĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŝƐ ĂƐŬŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ŝƐ Ă ďĂƐŝĐ ƚŚŝŶŐ͖ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ĞǀĞƌǇ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ĐĂƌĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǀĞƌǇ ĐŽƌĞ ĐĂŶ ĂŶĚ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ĚŽ͍ Ɛ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ƉŚǇƐŝĐŝĂŶƐ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŽƵƌ ĚƵƚǇ ƚŽ ƌĞĂĐŚ ŽƵƚ ĂŶĚ ůĞĂƌŶ ƚŚĞ ŵĞĂŶƐ ŝŶ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞůǇ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘ dŽ ďĞ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ĞŵƉĂƚŚŝǌĞ ĂŶĚ ƚƌƵůǇ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ŵŽƐƚ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ǁŚŽ ŚĂǀĞ ŚĞĂƌŝŶŐ ĚŝƐĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂů ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ Ă ŚŽůŝƐƟĐ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ĐĂƌĞ͘

ƐŝĂŶ DĞĚŝĐĂů ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐΖ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ʹ & h EZD& ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƌŽůĞ ŽĨ ƉŚǇƐŝĐŝĂŶƐ ŝŶ ďƌŝĚŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŐĂƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĞĂĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘ >ĂƐƚ ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ ϮϬ ϮϬϭϳ͕ D^ & hͲEZD&ΖƐ ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ ŽŶ DĞĚŝĐĂů ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝŶ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ WŚŝůŝƉƉŚŝŶĞ &ĞĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞĂĨ /ŶĐ͘ ŚĂĚ ƚŚĞ ǀĞƌǇ ĮƌƐƚ ďĂƐŝĐ ƐŝŐŶ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ƐĞŵŝŶĂƌͲǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉ ĨŽƌ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ĞŶƟƚůĞĚ ͞<ƵŵƉĂƐ͟ ŚĞůĚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ůĨŽŶƐŽ ,Ăůů͕ & h EZD&͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ ĂŝŵĞĚ ƚŽ ƚĞĂĐŚ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ďĂƐŝĐ ƐŝŐŶ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Ă ůŝŶŐƵŝƐƟĐ͕ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƚŚĞ ĞĂĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘ dŚĞ ƐĞŵŝŶĂƌͲǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉ ǁĂƐ ĂƩĞŶĚĞĚ ďǇ ϭϯϬ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ǇĞĂƌ ůĞǀĞůƐ͘ ůů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŝŶǀŝƚĞĚ ƐƉĞĂŬĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌƐ ĂƌĞ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞĂĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘ /ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĞƌƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶǀŝƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ĂŶ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĞĂŬĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƵĚŝĞŶĐĞ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĂĨ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ĨƌŽŵ DƐ͘ zǀĞƩĞ ^͘ ƉƵƌĂĚŽͲ ĞƌŶĂƌĚŽ͕ ƚŚĞ sŝĐĞ WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ WŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞ &ĞĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞĂĨ͘

DƐ͘ ƉƵƌĂĚŽͲ ĞƌŶĂƌĚŽ ǁĂƐ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂǇƐ ŽĨ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƟĂƟŶŐ ĨĂĐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŵŝƐĐŽŶĐĞƉƟŽŶƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ĚĞĂĨŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞĂĨ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͘ dŚŝƐ ĂůƐŽ ĨŽƐƚĞƌĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐĞŶƐŝƟǀŝƚǇ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ŶĞĞĚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞĂĨ͕ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ͘ ͞^ŝŐŶ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ŵĂŬĞƐ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ĞĂĨ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͖ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ĞĂĨ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ǁŝůů ďĞ ŝƐŽůĂƚĞĚ͘ dŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ŶŽ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ŶŽ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕͘͟ ƐĂŝĚ ďǇ DƐ͘ ƉƵƌĂĚŽͲ ĞƌŶĂƌĚŽ ĂƐ ƐŚĞ ĞŶĚĞĚ ŚĞƌ ƚĂůŬ͘

ĐƟǀĞ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ ƐƉĂƌŬĞĚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞĂĨ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞŝŶ ŝŶƐŝŐŚƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƚŚĞŶ ĚŝǀŝĚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƐŵĂůů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ǁŚĞƌĞŝŶ ďĂƐŝĐ ƐŝŐŶ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ǁĂƐ ƚĂƵŐŚƚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌƐ ĨƌŽŵ W& ͘ /ŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƚĂƵŐŚƚ ƐŝŐŶ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ǁĞƌĞ ďĂƐŝĐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ǁŽƌĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƐƚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚůǇ ǁŽƌĚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĮĞůĚ ŽĨ ŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͘

Ɛ Ă ĚŽĐƚŽƌ͕ ǇŽƵ ŵƵƐƚ ŬŶŽǁ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ĞǆŝƐƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĞ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ ďĂƐŝĐ ƐŝŐŶ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ ƚŽ ĐŽŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĂĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ǁŽŶΖƚ ďĞ ƐĐĂƌĞĚ ĂŶǇŵŽƌĞ ƚŽ ŐŽ ƚŽ ŚŽƐƉŝƚĂůƐ͘ ĞĐĂƵƐĞ ďŝŐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƉƌŽƉĞƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĂƚ͕ ǇŽƵ ĚŽĐƚŽƌƐ ĐĂŶ ŵĂŬĞ Ă ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ ŐŝǀĞ Ă ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ͘ ŶĚ ĨŽƌ ƵƐ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŽĨ ŚĞĂƌŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂů ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ŝƐ͕ Ζ Ž ǇŽƵ ǁĂŶƚ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ ƚŽ ŬŶŽǁ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ͍Ζ ƌĞ ǁĞ ŵŽƌĞ ǁŝůůŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƐŚĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂĚ ďĞĞŶ ŝŵƉĂƌƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ĨŽƵƌ ƐŝĚĞƐ ŽĨ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ͍ tŝƚŚ ƚŚĂƚ͕ ǁĞ ŚŽƉĞ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ ĐŽŵĞƐ͕ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ ŶŽƚ ƚŚĞ ŽŶůǇ ŽŶĞ ǁŚŽ ƐŚŽǁƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ĐĂƌĞ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞŵ͘

ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ďǇ DƐ͘ ďďǇ ĂƐŝŶŐĂů͕ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ƐŝŐŶ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĞƌƐ

ɧɨɩ

K & / ^ ^ d Z D / / E

ɧ ɨ ɩ ʔ ɵ ɬ ɪ ɯ ɹ ɧ ɹ ɺ ɫ ɸ ɳ ɫ ɪ ɯ ɩ ɯ ɴ ɫ < Ă ƌ Ğ Ŷ / ǀ Ǉ ͘ Ă Đ Ɛ Ă ŝ Ŷ Ă Ŷ Ě < Ž Ŷ Ɛ ƚ Ă Ŷ Ɵ Ŷ Z ͘ Ă ƌ ƌ ŝ Ğ ƚ Ă

ŚŽůŝƐƟĐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚĐĂƌĞ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůǇ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐ ŝƚƐĞůĨ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ƉƐǇĐŚŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞƐ ŚŽǁ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƐŽĐŝŽĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ ƉůĂǇ Ă ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ďůŽĐŬ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ǀĞƌǇ ĐƌƵĐŝĂů ƚŽ Ă ƉƌŽƉĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ƌŽůĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĂƐ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŚǇƐŝĐŝĂŶƐ ĨŽƌ ƵƐ ƚŽ ƚĂĐŬůĞ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞƌͲŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵ ŽĨ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů Žƌ ŵĂŶͲŵĂĚĞ ĐĂůĂŵŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂƵƐĞ ĐĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ ƚŽ ŚƵŵĂŶ ůŝǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽƉĞƌƚǇ ŽĨ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ǀĂůƵĞ͘

/Ŷ ůŝŶĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚŝƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐŝĂŶ DĞĚŝĐĂů ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐΖ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ Ͳ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ^ĂŶƚŽ dŽŵĂƐ ; D^ Ͳh^dͿ ŚĞůĚ ŝƚƐ ĂŶŶƵĂů ŽŶĞͲ ĚĂǇ ŇĂŐƐŚŝƉ ƐĞŵŝŶĂƌ ĂŶĚ ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉ ĐĂůůĞĚ ƚŚĞ Ɛ ŽĨ ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ DĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͕ ŝŶ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ǁŝƚŚ ůůŝĂŶĐĞ ĨŽƌ /ŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ,ĞĂůƚŚ KƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ͕ /ŶĐ͘ ; /,KͿ͕ ƚŚĞ WŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞ ZĞĚ ƌŽƐƐ ;WZ Ϳ ĂŶĚ DĞĚĞĐŝŶƐ ^ĂŶƐ &ƌŽŶƟĞƌĞƐͬ ŽĐƚŽƌƐ tŝƚŚŽƵƚ ŽƌĚĞƌƐ ;D^&Ϳ͘

<ŶŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ŽƵƌ ŶĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ WŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ͕ ŚĂƐ Ă ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ƉƌĞĚŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚ ƐĞŝƐŵŝĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ǁĞĂƚŚĞƌ ĚŝƐƚƵƌďĂŶĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌĞŶŶŝĂů ŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ͕ ŐŝǀĞŶ ŝƚƐ ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ĂůŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ WĂĐŝĮĐ KĐĞĂŶΖƐ ZŝŶŐ ŽĨ &ŝƌĞ͖ ŶŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĞƚĂů ŝƐƐƵĞƐ͕ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇƐŝĚĞ ŝŶƐƵƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ ĐƌŝŵĞ͕ ĐŽƌƌƵƉƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌĨƵŶĚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌŵĂŶŶĞĚ ĐĂůĂŵŝƚǇͲ ĐĞŶƚĞƌĞĚ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ ʹ ƚŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ƉŽƐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ &ŝůŝƉŝŶŽ ƉƵďůŝĐ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŶŝŐŚ ƟŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŐŝǀĞ ĚƵĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ƚŽ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ͕ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ƌŝƐŬ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘

dŚŝƐ ĞǀĞŶƚ ĐĂƚĞƌĞĚ ƚŽ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ǁŚŽ ǁŽƵůĚ ůŝŬĞ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ ŵŽƌĞ ĂďŽƵƚ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͕ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ŝŶ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚ ĂƌĞĂƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ƚŚĞǇ ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ďĂƐŝĐƐ ŽĨ ĮƌƐƚ ĂŝĚ ĂŶĚ ůŝĨĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ǀŝƚĂů ƚŽ ŽƵƌ ĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚŶĞƐƐ ĂƐ ĂůůŝĞĚ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨĂĐĞ ŽĨ ǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚ ĐĂůĂŵŝƚǇ͘

^ƚĂƌƟŶŐ Žī ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƐĞŐŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ ǁĂƐ Ă ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ ͞/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ƚŽ ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ZŝƐŬ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͟ ďǇ DŝŐƵĞů DĂŶƵĞů ͘ ŽƌŽƚĂŶ͕ D ŽĨ /,K͘ dŚĞ ƐƉĞĂŬĞƌ ďƌŝĞĨĞĚ ƵƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ďĂƐŝĐƐ ƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĚĞĂůŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ Ăůů ŚƵŵĂŶŝƚĂƌŝĂŶ ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘ ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĚŝǀŝĚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƉŚĂƐĞƐ ĂƐ ŚĞ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝǌĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚŶĞƐƐ͕ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ĂƐ ƚŽ ůĞƐƐĞŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ŽĨ ĂŶǇ ŝŵƉĞŶĚŝŶŐ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐ͘ ,Ğ ĨŽĐƵƐĞĚ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ WŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ͕ ĨŽƌ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐŝĂŶ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ZŝŶŐ ŽĨ &ŝƌĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞŶƵŵĞƌĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ŽŶ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŬĞǇ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ŚŽǁ ƚŽ ƌĞƐŽůǀĞ ĂŶǇ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĐƌŝƐŝƐ͘

dŚĞ ƐĞĐŽŶĚ ƐƉĞĂŬĞƌ ǁĂƐ <ĂƌŝŶĂ DĂƌŝĞ sĞƌĂ ŐƵŝůĂƌ ŽĨ D^&͘ tŚĂƚ ŵĂĚĞ ƚŚŝƐ ůĞĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĞĂŬĞƌΖƐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ŝŶƐŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ŚĞƌ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ĂƐ ĂŶ ĂŶĞƐƚŚĞƐŝŽůŽŐŝƐƚ ǁŚŽ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐ ǁĂƌͲƚŽƌŶ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ DŝĚĚůĞ ĂƐƚ͘ ^ŚĞ ƚĂůŬĞĚ ŽĨ ĚĞĂůŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ĐĂƌĞ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ǁŚŽ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ŚĞƌ ŽǁŶ ƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ ĨŽƌ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ ƚŽ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ǁŚŽ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶ ĐŚĂŽƐ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂů ĂŶĚ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ƚƵƌŵŽŝů͘

^ŚĞ ƚĂůŬĞĚ ŽĨ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟǌŝŶŐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ƚƌĞĂƚ ʹ Ă ƌĞĂůŝƚǇ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĞŶƚĂŝůƐ ŐŽŽĚ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ŝƚ ĐŽƵůĚ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƉĂƟĞŶƚ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĞƐ ƐŝŶĐĞ ƟŵĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƚǁŽ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŵŝŶŝƐĐĞĚ ŚĞƌ ĚĂŝůǇ ĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŚĞƌ ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ͕ ƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐ ŚĞƌ ŽĨ ǁŚǇ ƐŚĞ ďĞĐĂŵĞ Ă ĚŽĐƚŽƌ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƉůĂĐĞ ʹ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ͕ ƚŽ ƐĂǀĞ ůŝǀĞƐ͕ ĂůůĞǀŝĂƚĞ ƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŝŶ ŶĞĞĚ ĂƐ ƐŚĞ ƐĞĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƐŵŝůĞƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĂƟƚƵĚĞ ŽĨ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŝŶ ĂŐŽŶǇ ŝŶ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚŽ ŚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ Ă ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ůŝǀĞƐ͘

dŚĞ ŶĞǆƚ ƐĞŐŵĞŶƚ ĨŽĐƵƐĞĚ ŽŶ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐǇ ƚƌŝĂŐĞ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ͕ ƚƌŝĂŐĞ͕ ďĂŶĚĂŐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƐƉůŝŶƟŶŐ͘ dŚĞ ƐƉĞĂŬĞƌ ǁĂƐ Ă ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂďůĞ ŽĸĐĞƌ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ h^d ZĞĚ ƌŽƐƐ zŽƵƚŚ ŽƵŶĐŝů͕ :ŽƐĞ DĂƌŝĞ WƌŽƚĂĐŝŽ͘ ,Ğ ǁĂƐ ĂůƐŽ Ă ůŝĐĞŶƐĞĚ &ŝƌƐƚ ŝĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ ǁŚŽ ŐĂǀĞ ƚŚŽƌŽƵŐŚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ŚŽǁ ďĞƐƚ ƚŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ Ă ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ Ă ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ĐůŝŶŝĐĂů ƉŽŝŶƚ ŽĨ ǀŝĞǁ͘ ,Ğ ĂůƐŽ ƚĂůŬĞĚ ĂďŽƵƚ ĐĂƌĚŝŽƉƵůŵŽŶĂƌǇ ƌĞƐƵƐĐŝƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ ƚŽ ĂƉƉůǇ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ĞĂĐŚ ƉĂƟĞŶƚ͘ ,Ğ ĂůƐŽ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚ ĂďŽƵƚ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂů͕ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƌŵĂů ďƵƌŶƐ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐǇ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂǇ ŽĐĐƵƌ͘ dŚĞ ƐƉĞĂŬĞƌ ǁĂƐ ůĂƚĞƌ ũŽŝŶĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŽĸĐĞƌƐ ŽĨ Z z ƚŽ ďĞ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ ŝŶ ƉƌŽƉĞƌ ďĂŶĚĂŐŝŶŐ͕ ƐƉůŝŶƟŶŐ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƟŶŐ ŽĨ &ŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĂŌĞƌǁĂƌĚƐ͕ Ă ĐĂƐĞ ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶ ƌĞƉůŝĐĂƟŶŐ Ɛŝǆ ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ ǁĂƐ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚĞƐƚ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐΖ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĞ ůĞĐƚƵƌĞƐ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚ͘ ĂĐŚ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽ ǁĂƐ ŚĞůĚ ŝŶ ĚŝƐƟŶĐƚ͕ ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞ ƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ ĂĐĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞĚ ďǇ ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ƚŽ ĂĐƚ ŽƵƚ ƌŽůĞƐ ĂƐ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶũƵƌǇ Žƌ ĐĂƐĞ͘ dŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŐŝǀĞŶ Ă ƟŵĞ ůŝŵŝƚ ƚŽ ƐŽůǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƐĞƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚŽƌ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ h^d ZĞĚ ƌŽƐƐ zŽƵƚŚ ŽƵŶĐŝů ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĐƌŝƟƋƵĞ ƚŚĞ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ůůͲŝŶͲĂůů͕ ǁŚĂƚ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŝƌĞĚ ďĞĐĂŵĞ Ă ǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵů ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŽƵůĚ ƌĞŵŝŶĚ ƵƐ ŽĨ ŚŽǁ ŵƵĐŚ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ǇĞƚ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ ĂƐ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ʹ ŽĨ ŚŽǁ ŵƵĐŚ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇ ƵŶƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨĂĐĞ ŽĨ ĐĂůĂŵŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ŵƵƐƚ ƐƚƌŝǀĞ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚ ĞŶŽƵŐŚ ƚŽ ƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŝŶ ŶĞĞĚ ĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŶĞƐƐ ƚŚĞ ƐŵŝůĞƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĂƟƚƵĚĞ ĨƌŽŵ ŽƵƌ ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ď Ğ ĐŽ ŵ Ğ Ă Ě ǀŽ ĐĂƚĞ Ɛ ĨŽ ƌ Ě ŝ Ɛ Ă ƐƚĞ ƌ ĂǁĂ ƌĞ Ŷ Ğ Ɛ Ɛ Ă Ŷ Ě ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚŶĞƐƐ ƐŽ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ͕ ĂƐ ŵƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͕ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŵŝŶŝŵŝǌĞ ƚŚĞ ůŽƐƐ ŽĨ ůŝǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ŽƵƌ ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƌ ĚĂŝůǇ ůŝǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ ďĂĐŬ ƚŽ ŽƵƌ ŶŽƌŵĂů͕ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ůŝǀĞƐ ĂƐ ǁĞ ůŽŽŬ ďĂĐŬ ŽŶ ŽƵƌ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ͘

&ŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĂŌĞƌǁĂƌĚƐ͕ Ă ĐĂƐĞ ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶ ƌĞƉůŝĐĂƟŶŐ Ɛŝǆ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ ǁĂƐ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚĞƐƚ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐΖ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĞ ůĞĐƚƵƌĞƐ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚ͘ ĂĐŚ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽ ǁĂƐ ŚĞůĚ ŝŶ ĚŝƐƟŶĐƚ͕ ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞ ƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ ĂĐĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞĚ ďǇ ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ƚŽ ĂĐƚ ŽƵƚ ƌŽůĞƐ ĂƐ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶũƵƌǇ Žƌ ĐĂƐĞ͘ dŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ tĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ůŝŬĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĂŶŬ ƚŽ ŽƵƌ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĞƌƐ͕ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ͕ ŐŝǀĞŶ Ă ƟŵĞ ůŝŵŝƚ ƚŽ ƐŽůǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƐĞƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚŽƌ ĨƌŽŵ ƐƉŽŶƐŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞŶƚ͘ tĞ ŚŽƉĞ ƚŚĞ h^d ZĞĚ ƌŽƐƐ zŽƵƚŚ ŽƵŶĐŝů ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĐƌŝƟƋƵĞ ƚŚĞ ƚŽ ǁŽƌŬ ǁŝƚŚ ǇŽƵ ĂŶĚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĞ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ĞǀĞŶƚ ůŝŬĞ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ƚŚŝƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͊

â&#x20AC;©

POST8HOSTING$ 20168

â&#x20AC;©

REFLECTION$ 17"$

Table Of Date:$24$September–$4$October,$2017** Contents

Table Of *Country:$Singapore* Contents*

Editor’s Message Chapter Activities

Number$of$delegates:$10*

Editor’s Message Chapter Activities

Mental Health in the Workplace

ALSA Profile

AMSEP$Hong$Kong$2017$was$

Kong$ s<mula<ng$ AMSC 2017 Seoul, South KoreaThe$ exchange$ department$ of$ AMSC 2017 Seoul, Souththrough$ Korea

a$ great$ success.$ We$ were$

ac<vi<es$such$as$visits$to*the$ AMSAHK$aYributes$this$success$ AMSA Chapter Profiles AMSA Chapter Profiles

very$ delighted$ to$ have$ hosted$ a$ wonderful* group$ of$

Profiles p rAMSAAMSAeUniversity s< g i o u s$ M i n i m a l l AMSAy$University Activities to$ the$ rigorous$ and$ detailed$ University Activities AMSA University Profiles

Photography Photography Invasive$Surgical$Skills$Centre,$

p r e $ t r i p* p l a n n i n g$ a n d$

10$delegates$from$Singapore,$

aYending$ PBL$ sessions,$

o r ga n i s a < o n ,$ a s$ w e l l$ a s$

who$ thoroughly$ enjoyed$ the$

academic$ lectures* and$ talks$

involving$ more$ local$ students$

trip$and$the$warm$hospitality$

b y$ i n t e r n a < o n a l$ g u e s t$

in$ hos<ng$ the$ Singaporeans.$

of* our$ outgoing$ delegates$

speakers.$They$also$soaked$in$

More*importantly,$we$also$took$

and$ AMSAHK’s$ execu<ve$

Hong$ Kong’s$ diverse$ culture$

t h e$ d e l e g a t e s ’$ p e r s o n a l$

commiYee.$ Delegates$ had$

by$ visi<ng* iconic$ aYrac<ons$

preferences$ and$ needs$ into$

t h e$ o p p o r t u n i t y$ t o*

a n d$ i n d u l g i n g$ o n$ l o ca l$

considera<on$ by* incorpora<ng$

experience$ the$ life$ of$ a$

delicacies$during$their$stay$in$

their$ Google$ form$ (sent$ prior$

medical$ student$ in$ Hong$

Hong$Kong.*

to$ their$ arrival)$ responses$ into$

EAMSC 2018 Nepal Promotional

our$i<nerary.*

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On$day$one,$we$welcomed$the$

We$ ended$ the$ night$ with$ a$

delegates$ to$ Hong$ Kong$ with$

mouth$ watering$ seafood$

our$famous$dim$sum$for$lunch$

meal$ and$ strolled$ along$ the$

$$a$meal*that$cannot$be$missed$

magical*Victoria$Harbour$with$

when$ one$ steps$ foot$ into$ the$

the$ city$ lights$ shining$ over$

city.$ They$ then$ spent$ the$

us.* On$ days$ two$ and$ three,$

aaernoon$ at$ the$ Hong* Kong$

the$ delegates$ aYended$ PBL$

Science$ Museum$ and$ Hong$

s e s s i o n s ,$ l e c t u re s ,$ a n d$

Kong$ Museum$ of$ History$

human$ dissec<on$ lab$ with*

where$ they$ brushed$ up$ on$

local$medical$students$of$the$

their$ basic* science$ knowledge$

University$of$Hong$Kong.$This$

and$ travelled$ through$ <me$ to$

was$ followed$ by$ a$ guided$

learn$ about$ the$ fast$paced$

toured$ around* the$ oldest$

development$ of$ Hong* Kong.$

campus$ within$ the$ city,$ with$

nts

plenty$of$photo$opportuni<es$ ( # a e s t h e < c ) .$ W e$ a l s o$ travelled$ to* Sheung$ Wan$ to$ indulge$ in$ the$ best$ milk$ tea$ and$ egg$ tarts$ in$ town,$ and$ experienced$ Hong$ Kongâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s$ wild*nightlife$in$Central$$$the$ central$ business$ district$ and$ entertainment$ hub$ of$ Hong$ Kong.*

On$day$four,$we$had$a$fun$ﬁlled$day$at$

On$ day$ se

Ocean$ Park,$ which$ is$ recognised$ as$

the$day$at$

the$ world’s$ top$ theme* parks$ with$

Hong$ Kong

thrilling$ rides,$ cute$ pandas,$ marine$

hands$ inv

mammals$ and$ exhilara<ng$ scenery.$

dissec<on$

That$ night,$ our* stomachs$ were$ ﬁlled$

friendly$ m

with$ authen<c$ ﬁsh$ ball$ noodles$ and$

then$ trans

local$ Chinese$ desserts$ as$ we$ explored*

hospital,$ P

Causeway$Bay$and$went$on$a$massive$

where$ the$

shopping$spree.**

Club$ Mini

On$ day$ ﬁve,$ it$ was$ China’s$ Na<onal$ Day.$ In$ the$ midst$ of$ the$ busy$ crowd,$ the$ delegates$ navigated* their$ way$ through$the$streets$of$Mong$Kok$like$a$ true$local,$haggling$for$the$best$prices$ in$ the$ markets* and$ grabbing$ mouth$ watering$ street$ food$ on$ the$ go.$ We$ then$ headed$ up$ to$ Victoria$ Peak$ and$ took$ a* short$ 3.5$km$ hike$ on$ the$ fantas<c$ Peak$ Circle$ Walk,$ where$ we$

Skills$ Centr

delegates$w on$ exper

surgery$sim

fulﬁlling$ da students$

feas<ng$ on

sum$at$Tim

delicious$th

seconds$du

gazed$ down$ on$ the$ stunning$ skyline*

On$day$eig

and$harbour$from$the$tallest$mountain$

farewell$ to

on$Hong$Kong$Island.**

hearty$ Ho

On$ day$ six,$ the$ delegates$ took$ a$ nostalgic$ route$ on$ the$ ferries$ across$ Victoria$Harbour$all$the$way$to*one$of$ Hong$ Kong’s$ many$ islands$ known$ as$ Cheung$ Chau.$ This$ was$ deﬁnitely$ a$ des<na<on$ for$ the* wanderlust,$ as$ the$ island$ was$ ﬁlled$ with$ liYle$ treasures$ from$ historical$ temples,$ tradi<onal$ villages,* nature$ trails,$ beaches$ and$ fresh$seafood.*

(cheese$no

anybody?).

students$ m

with$their$

the$ volun

during$ the

tradi<onal$ However,$

goodbye$an

see$each$o

Of Contes

even,$ the$ delegates$ spent$

In$ this$ short$ amount$ of$ <me,$ not$

$the$Chinese$University$of$

only$ did$ the$ Singaporean$ delegates$

ng,$ where$ they$ got* their$

gain$ ﬁrst$hand$ experience$ of$ the* life$

volved$ in$ the$ human$

as$ a$ medical$ student$ in$ Hong$ Kong$

$ session$ alongside$ our$

and$the$vibrant$city’s$culture,$we$also$

medical$ students.$ They*

learned$ a$ lot$ about* Singapore$ and$

si<oned$ to$ the$ teaching$

our$ new$ friends$ that$ we$ made.$ It$

Prince$ of$ Wales$ Hospital,$

was$a$great$pleasure$to$host$students$

e$ pres<gious$ CUHK* Jockey$

from* AMSA$Singapore,$ and$ we$ will$

nimally$ Invasive$ Surgical$

always$ treasure$ the$ deep$ friendships$

tre$ was$ located;$ here$ the$

and$memories$that$were*made....as$a$

were$able$to*have$hands$

true$Hong$Konger$would$say,$

rience$ on$ laparoscopic$

mulators.$Aaer$a$long$but$

day$ at$ the* university,$ the$ ended$ the$ night$ by$

n$ Michelin$star$ rated$ dim$

m$Ho$Wan,*which$was$so$

hat$the$students$went$for$

uring$the$week!*

ght,$we$bid$an$emo<onal$

o$ the$ delegates$ aaer$ a$

ong$ Kong$ style$ breakfast*

oodles$with$tomato$soup,$

.$ The$ lovely$ Singaporean$

made$ our$ hearts* ﬂuYer$

$handwriYen$cards$for$all$

nteers$ that$ helped$ out$

e$ week,$ paired$ with* their$

$ meat$ snack$ souvenirs.$ we$ knew$ it$ was$ not$

and$that$we$would*always$

other$in$the$future.*

W r i Y e n$ b y :$ S a l l y$ L a u$ ($sally.lau@amsahk.org$)  Edited$ by:$ Jasmine$ Hadiwibawa$ ($jasmine.hadiwibawa@amsak.org$)*

W , K d K ' Z W , z ^ d / K E

K > K Z & h > h E / d z dĂŬĞŶ Ăƚ >^ ŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ ϮϬϭϳ͕ ƚŚĞ >^ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ĨƌŽŵ Ăůů ŽǀĞƌ ƐŝĂ ũŽŝŶ ŚĂŶĚƐ ƚŽ ĚĞĐŽƌĂƚĞ Ă ǁĂůů ŽĨ ŽŶĞ ƌƵƌĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘ ŝƉƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŚĂŶĚƐ ŝŶ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƉĂŝŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ůŝŌĞĚ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ Ă ŚĞĂƌƚͲǁĂƌŵŝŶŐ ƐĐĞŶĞ ŽĨ ͞ ŽůŽƌĨƵů hŶŝƚǇ͟ ƐŝĂŶ >Ăǁ ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͛ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ; >^ Ϳ͕ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ

Z d / E ' W Z / ^ /͛ǀĞ ƐƉĞŶƚ ŵŽƐƚ ŽĨ ŵǇ ƐƵŵŵĞƌ ǀĂĐĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ĂŶ ŝƐůĂŶĚ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ĐŝǀŝůŝƐĂƟŽŶ͖ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŚĂƌŶĞƐƐ ƐŽůĂƌ ĞŶĞƌŐǇ ƚŽ ůŝŐŚƚ ƵƉ ĚŝŶŶĞƌ ƚĂďůĞƐ Ăƚ ŶŝŐŚƚ͕ ǁĂůŬ Ă ĨĞǁ ŵŝůĞƐ ŚŽŵĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵĞ ďĂĐŬ ǁŝƚŚ ŐĂůůŽŶƐ ŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ǁĞůů͕ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƚ ƐĂŝů ǁŝƚŚ ŚŽŽŬƐ ĂŶĚ ŶĞƚƐ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƵŶ ƌŝƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƚƵƌŶ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƵŶ ƐĞƚƐ͘ /ƚ͛Ɛ ŶŽƚ ƚŚĞ ƚƌŽƉŝĐĂů ƉĂƌĂĚŝƐĞ ǇŽƵ͛Ě ŝŵĂŐŝŶĞ Žƌ ƐĞĞ ŽŶ ŵĂŐĂǌŝŶĞƐ Žƌ ŽŶ ƚĞůĞǀŝƐŝŽŶ͖ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŶŽ ĐŚĂŵƉĂŐŶĞ ŶŽƌ ĨĂŶĐǇ ĐŚĞĞƐĞ͘ Ƶƚ / ŬĞĞƉ ĐŽŵŝŶŐ ďĂĐŬ͘ EŽƚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ / ŵĂĚĞ ƚŚŝƐ ŵǇ ŚŽŵĞ͘ Ƶƚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŬŝĚƐ ƐŚŽǁĞĚ ŵĞ ŚŽŵĞ͘ ^Ăŝů ĂŶĚ ƌĞĂĐŚ ŽƵƚ ƚŽ ǁŚĞƌĞ ǇŽƵ ĂƌĞ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ͘ WĂƌĂĚŝƐĞ ŝƐ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ǁŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ŚĂƐ ƚŽ ŽīĞƌ͕ ŝƚ͛Ɛ ŝŶ ǁŚĂƚ ǇŽƵ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŽ ŽīĞƌ͘Η ƌƌǁǇŶ /ŶĚĂŶĂŶ ĂƵĚ͕ WŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ

d , h d z / E d ^ d Z K W , ŌĞƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƚĂĐůǇƐŵŝĐ ĞƌƵƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ DŽƵŶƚ WŝŶĂƚƵďŽ ŝŶ ϭϵϵϭ͕ ůĂŚĂƌƐ ďůŽĐŬĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŝŶ ƌŝǀĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŝƚƐ ƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŐĂǀĞ ďŝƌƚŚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĚĂŵ ƚŚĂƚ ŇŽŽĚĞĚ ƚŚĞ DĂƉĂŶƵĞƉĞ sĂůůĞǇ͕ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ǁŝƚŚ ŝƚƐ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ tŚĂƚ͛Ɛ ůĞŌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂŌĞƌŵĂƚŚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ DĂƉĂŶƵĞƉĞ >ĂŬĞ͘ dŚĞ ŽŶůǇ ŵĞŵŽƌǇ ůĞŌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĞĞƉůĞ ŽĨ ĐŚƵƌĐŚ ďĂĚũĂŽĞŶ͕ ƉƌŽƚƌƵĚŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵŝĚĚůĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ůĂŬĞ͘ ĞŶĞĂƚŚ ƚŚĞ ůĂŬĞ͛Ɛ ďĞĂƵƚǇ͕ ĂƌĞ ůĞŐĞŶĚĂƌǇ ĨŽůŬƚĂůĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŝůů ƐĞŶĚ ĐŚŝůůƐ ĚŽǁŶ ǇŽƵƌ ƐƉŝŶĞ ƌƌǁǇŶ /ŶĚĂŶĂŶ ĂƵĚ͕ WŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ

^ ^ W / E d , / > E /Ĩ / ŚĂǀĞ Ă ĨƌĞĞ ƟŵĞ͕ / ůŝŬĞ ƚŽ ƚƌĂǀĞů ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ŵǇ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͘ dŚŝƐ ƉŝĐƚƵƌĞ ǁĂƐ ĐĂƉƚƵƌĞĚ ŝŶ ZĂǇŽŶŐ͕ dŚĂŝůĂŶĚ

h W K D / E ' s E d ^

^ d ^ / E D / > ^ d h E d ^ ͛ K E & Z E ; D ^ Ϳ Ϯ Ϭ ϭ ϴ

< Ă ƚ Ś ŵ Ă Ŷ Ě Ƶ ͕ E Ğ Ɖ Ă ů Ϯ ϭ Ͳ Ϯ ϲ ͕ : Ă Ŷ Ƶ Ă ƌ Ǉ Ϯ Ϭ ϭ ϴ ͞ D d Z E > E E K E d > , > d , ͟

W Z d E Z ^ Î&#x2DC; ^ W K E ^ K Z ^

ISSUE #22