SURF Class of 2016

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research

Summer Undergraduate Research Fellows 6 1 0 2 Class

of

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Christopher Anderson | Community College of Rhode Island

Allelopathic effects of macroalgae on shellfish larvae in RI under current and projected sea surface temperatures

Mentors: Marta Gomez-Chiarri (URI), Lindsay Green (URI) Major: Biotechnology Career path: To find a career I am able to enjoy Expected graduation: Fall 2016 SURF project goal: We are trying to see the effects of algae on shellfish larvae by introducing them to seawater enhanced with selected algae to see if the larvae are being killed off by selected algae.

Why SURF: I participated in the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program so that I could get good experience in a lab and see how things worked to better understand what it would be like in my field, whether or not I would like the environment.

The impact: My fellowship has been a great opportunity. I have learned to accurately use a microscope and I am getting great lab and field experience, working in the Thornber lab, learning the ins and outs of what a lab is like. Field experiences were fun, going to selected locations, and placing and retrieving different algae types.

Most memorable research moment: When I saw the larvae for the first time. At that time, I did not know anything and did not expect how far I would get within the 10 weeks of the SURF program.

“I did not

expect how far I would get within the 10 weeks of the SURF program.�

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Aidan Barry | University of Rhode Island

Impacts of macroalgal accumulation on salt marsh environments Mentors: Danielle Perry, Carol Thornber, Serena Moseman-Valtierra Major: Biology Career path: Grad school (Master’s or PhD) in coastal sciences Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: As global warming continues to increase so will the rising of the sea. The heightened waters will create new interactions among species/vegetation that may not have occurred previously. Marshes play a large role as an ecosystem in terms of protecting us against large swells from storms, filtering of water as it passes to the ocean and absorbing large amounts of green house gases.

The project is designed to observe the marsh vegetation as seaweed is placed on the plants, a potential outcome of sea level rise, in terms of the plant’s health and its ability to absorb green house gasses. The algae is expected to limit the amount of CO2 absorbed by the plants or even cause the plants to respire and produce CO2 among other green house gases.

Why SURF: I have done research in this field before, but only during the school year. I wanted to see what it was like to have this research as my full-time priority without having to worry about school. SURF has been a great experience and has proven to me that research is definitely something I want to continue.

The impact: This program provides a well-rounded set of skills in order to be involved. Almost everyday seems to provide a new challenge. Each day tends to have a compilation of field monitoring, working in the lab, maintenance of our project and analyzing data. I feel as though I have grown in several ways as a researcher and as the end draws ever closer I hope to grow in terms of my science communication skills as we look forward to presenting our research.

Most memorable research moment: Any moment we had success was memorable. And success isn’t defined as getting the results we were hoping for. I’ve learned that in conducting research, especially with a project to resemble a salt marsh with a working tidal cycle, you will run into problems. Our problem solving skills have improved tremendously since the beginning and our attitudes have always been positive.

“I am becoming much more independent and I am gaining more confidence in my skill set.�

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Erin Borbee | Roger Williams University

Approaching a holistic understanding of coral bleaching: Using the coral A. poculata to understand how the coral microbiome is influenced by Symbiodinium Mentor: Koty Sharp Majors: Marine Biology, Chemistry Career path: Research Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: Corals exhibit symbioses with both algae and bacteria. The relationships between the different partners in these systems are not well understood. We use the local coral species Astrangia poculata, which can exist with and without their algal symbionts, to attempt to develop a better understanding of the relationships involving the bacteria associated with the coral. We expect that increased sunlight and temperature in the summer leading to higher rates of photosynthesis, the density of Symbiodinium, the algal symbiont associated with A. poculata, between brown and white colonies will differ more than at other time points in the year. We believe that the difference in Symbiodinium densities between colonies will cause a difference in the microbiomes between brown and white colonies.

Why SURF: I participated in the SURF program last summer and it was a valuable experience in terms of both meeting people outside of my university and developing valuable lab skills. I decided to participate again this summer to continue to develop lab skills I have learned in the past and to learn new lab skills.

The impact: I am becoming much more independent this summer and am gaining more confidence in my skill set. I am also learning new methods of analysis that I have yet to be exposed to in a classroom setting.

Most memorable research moment: Though most of our work takes place in the lab, I really enjoy going out into the field, whether it be to deploy tiles in the Bay to condition them, or going to Fort Wetherill on collection trips.

“I think one of the most important things I’m gaining from this is how to troubleshoot.”

Mentors: Danielle Perry, Serena Moseman-Valtierra, Carol Thornber Major: Marine Biology Career path: Professor, PI Expected graduation: June 2017 SURF project goal: We are trying to examine the effect of two different species of algae (Fucus and Ulva) on the marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora. S. alterniflora is an integral part of the process by which greenhouse gases (methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide) are released from the marsh. Through various photochemical and microbial processes, such gases are emitted or absorbed by the plant at varying rates. By studying the effect of algae — a natural presence in the marsh grass’ habitat — on Spartina, we can better understand the processes that affect global climate change. We expect that the algae will hinder the growth of the marsh grass and affect its ability to photosynthesize via shading. As algae gets swept in at high tide, it can get caught on various marsh plants and create a type of canopy that limits the amount of light reaching the plant and the sediment. This could stunt the growth and limit the amount of energy the plant gets, which could have been used to grow and stay healthy.

Why SURF: Before this summer, the only true research experience I had was while studying abroad at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Science. Although I conducted an independent research experiment and presented my work, I wanted to learn and do more. RI SURF provided me with an exceptional opportunity to conduct more research in a different field, simultaneously diversifying my research experience and gaining more skills with an environment of comfortability and learning.

SURF 2016

The impact: I’m gaining valuable field experience Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR in observational techniques and in calculating the Nicholas Castro | University of Rhode Island percent cover of a particular species. In addition, I’m gaining more knowledge in biogeochemisty (in Impacts of macroalgal accumulation on salt marsh environments terms of greenhouse gases released by the marsh sediment), as well as more skills. However, I think one of the most important things I’m gaining from this is Most memorable research moment: Driving to the field in how to troubleshoot. There were a couple issues involvto monitor for percent cover of algae at Mary’s Creek in ing water flow into our miniature marsh systems and algal Warwick, RI, in the middle of an intense storm. We debatgrowth that was not Ulva or Fucus during the course of the ed turning around a few times, but we managed to power experiment; however, each issue was promptly dealt with through and collect the data we needed for the day. It was and remedied. Quick and creative thinking are important quite the measure of our determination as scientists and in science due to the need to control so many variable factors, and the ability to address and handle each problem the lengths we were willing to go for the sake of research.

Who says research can’t be exciting? involved with the experimental design is extremely important.

“This program gave

me the opportunity to work independently and find answers that surprised me beyond my expectations.�

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Ekta Chugh | Bryant University

How are the structure and function of coastal marine food webs and biogeochemical cycling being directed in response to climate change?

Mentor: Christopher Reid Majors: Biology (pre-med track), Accounting Career path: Cardiothoracic surgeon Expected graduation: May 2019 SURF project goal: We are trying to explore the Providence/ Seekonk river estuarine microbiome by three methods: a) Analyzing the extracellular enzymatic activities that are involved in nutrient cycling (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous) b) Identifying the microorganisms (bacteria and archaea) by 16srDNA c) Conducting the nutrient analysis of water focusing on nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur The relationship of these three things will help us understand the microbiome as a whole. My research is targeted on samples from the India Point Park and from the Oxford Street. India Point Park, situated at the confluence of Providence River and Seekonk River, has a history of contamination. On the other hand, the Oxford Street sampling site also is highly contaminated with a history of it containing large oil storage units and is now surrounded by the metal recycling facility. This would help us understand how industrial effluents impact the overall microbial colony.

Why SURF: I aspire to be a cardiothoracic surgeon and SURF provided me with a platform and brought me one

step closer to my dream. I was looking for an opportunity where I could integrate textual knowledge with a research experience and SURF provided me with a perfect stage.

SURF was a golden opportunity for me to experience what it takes to do something on my own. SURF offers the chance where you can ponder things scientifically and find answers to questions through experiments.

The impact: This program helped me reinvent myself as it gave me the opportunity to work with amazing mentors who patiently answered all my questions and resolved even the smallest of doubts. It gave me the opportunity to work independently and find answers that surprised me beyond my expectations.

Most memorable research moment: On the first day in the lab, I realized that I had never even used pipettes before. Back in India, we were accustomed to using mouth pipettes. It went downhill when I worked straight from Monday through Friday on some samples, but was unable to derive any results. I realized that I had been adding a base at the beginning of the reaction, which was essentially used to stop the reaction which obviously lead to no results! I complained and cried all weekend, but on Monday, I was able to learn from my mistakes (and see the humor in the situation).

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Courtney Conklin | Salve Regina University

Response of near shore marine macroinvertebrate and small fish populations to climate driven sea level rise and associated abiotic conditions Mentor: Jameson Chace Majors: Biology, with environmental studies focus Career path: Field work researcher Expected graduation: May 2018 SURF project goal: We use many different methods of shoreline studies in order to determine the type of habitat for different organisms and other abiotic factors.

We are able to use our results along with predictions of sea level rises to see how climate change is affecting Narragansett Bay. Why SURF: I wanted to have the chance to work in the field and gain experience on a research project that is important to my home state, Rhode Island.

The impact: It’s been a lot of fun to be able to go out on the Bay every morning and find interesting organisms in our traps Most memorable research moment: Since we catch A LOT of mud snails and counting a thousand at a time can get boring fast, it’s always a highlight when we catch something unexpected like an eel, which can be a foot long and jumps right out of the trap onto the boat.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Hannah Dallas | University of Rhode Island

Public perceptions of dam removal and migratory fish passage in an era of climate change Mentor: Caroline Gottschalk Druschke Majors: Environmental Science & Management, Wildlife & Conservation Biology Career path: Possibly work for the EPA or a national park Expected graduation: May 2019 SURF project goal: The overall project is trying to look into the public perceptions of dams and how different dams affect their environment and the people around them.

Every year, dams are being relicensed when some of them are barely even able to stand on their own. The overall project is trying to use science to help different communities, specifically Maine, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island, make decisions about dams in the future. As for my input to the project, I have been researching through daily and weekly newspapers from NH for articles that contain the phrase “dam removal” and/or “remove dam.” I also have been researching and putting together case studies of dams that are located on the Pawcatuck River in RI, as well as putting together an annotated bibliography about the social impacts of dam removal and construction. All of this information will provide the different pieces of the puzzle to help make future decisions about dams.

Why SURF: Dr. Druschke mentioned the SURF program and the project that she was going to be mentoring. I thought it sounded really exciting. Although sitting on the computer doing research didn’t sound particularly thrilling, I love

learning new things and I was hoping that partaking in this project could either help me figure out what direction I want to head into for a career as well as help get my name out there to open up more possibilities.

The impact: Taking part in this program also has helped me understand what life could be like when I graduate and get a job. It requires a large time commitment, and there are points in the research where I may not find much new information. However, whenever I find something new and useful for the project I always get excited to add it to the previous research.

Most memorable research moment: When I was putting together the case study for White Rock Dam on the Pawcatuck River. I was researching anything to do with the dam and collecting data on the articles, pictures, documents that would help give any information as to its removal and/ or its history. I actually managed to find the environmental assessment for the White Rock Dam removal project! This was really exciting because the environmental assessment gives all kinds of information about White Rock Dam. It included information about why it was being removed, as well as the different alternatives to removing the dam, and a little bit of history of the dam. Being someone who hopes to go into the field where I may be putting together an environmental assessment with a team of people, it was really exciting to discover this!

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Lauren Dansereau | University of Rhode Island

Allelopathic effects of macroalgae on shellfish larvae in RI under current and projected sea surface temperatures

“The SURF

program has made me into a confident researcher.

Now I know what a career in science can be like.”

Mentors: Marta Gomez Chiarri, Lindsay Green, David Rowley Majors: Biology Career path: Researcher/professor Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: The number of harmful algal blooms is expected to increase as a result of a warming climate. For this reason we are working to determine what impacts two bloom forming macro algal species (Ulva rigida and Ulva compressa) have on oyster larvae. We are looking into the mortality, growth, and behavior of the larvae when exposed to water from macro algal cultures. My focus is on larval mortality in water from algae cultured under different nutrient conditions. We expect for Ulva to increase the rate of oyster larvae mortality, and possibly slow growth and swim speed.

Why SURF: I wanted an experience that would show me what being a graduate student would be like; I wanted to know what it was like to be in the lab every day, not just as a classroom exercise, but as a researcher. The SURF program also offered the opportunity to work with a team of scientists, learn new techniques, information, and communication skills.

The impact: When the program started I was learning new things every day. As the program went on, I found myself becoming independent in the lab. The SURF program has made me into a confident researcher. I didn’t know what working in a lab would be like before SURF, but now I know what a career in science can be like.

Most memorable research moment: The first time I saw an image of the swimming patterns of the oyster larvae. Seeing how footage was transformed with lines, tracking the larval movement patterns, was one of the coolest things I had ever seen.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Molly Fehon | Roger Williams University

Foraging ecology of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) and their potential impact on Rhode Island benthic communities Mentor: David Taylor Majors: Marine Biology; minor, Sustainability Studies Career path: College professor/research scientist Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: Understand the foraging ecology of blue crabs in Narragansett Bay estuaries through the visual analysis of the crab’s stomach contents. This is of interest because as waters are warming due to global climate change, blue crabs are expanding their geographical range northward and appearing in Rhode Island waters in high abundances. By understanding their foraging ecology, we can try to understand the impact their arrival will have on local ecosystems. I hope to build my stomach content data set enough to be able to more fully understand how the crabs feed not only in local waters, but also in differing habitat types and seasons.

Why SURF: I started my research project my first semester of college, and building my data set to be more comprehensive has become very important to me. Having the opportunity to continue working this summer with funding from EPSCoR has helped me to do that!

The impact: My ideal career goal is to be a college professor with my own research, so being a research fellow this summer has helped me to get a better feel for what that could be like.

Most memorable research moment: This June, I had the opportunity to present my research orally at the Southern New England Chapter of the American Fisheries Society (SNEC AFS) summer meeting. This was my first oral presentation of my data, and having the opportunity to speak about my results to such a large audience was really rewarding.

“My ideal ca-

reer goal is to be a college professor with my own research, so this summer has helped me get a better feel for what that could be like .”

“I wanted

to participate in the SURF program so I could obtain research lab experience, and experience developing a device that could be used outside of a class setting .”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Charlie Flynn | Roger Williams University

Metallporphyrin-based chemosensors for the marine aqueous detection of thiocyanate ions by electrochemistry and spectrophotometry Mentor: Clifford Murphy Major: Electrical Engineering Career path: Electrical engineer (design) Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: To detect the amount of thiocyanate in sea water.

Thiocyanate is a metabolite deposited by fishes that have been exposed to cyanide. Cyanide fishing is a common, illegal practice used to obtain fish that cannot breed while in captivity. Once caught, the fishes are usually sold in the aquatic market. We hope to obtain enough information to sufficiently show whether the implied way of detection works as soundly as theorized and to develop a handheld device that would be able to adequately measure the amount of thiocyanate is in the water.

Why SURF: Until now, I have not had much experience in development and research outside of university classes. I wanted to participate in the SURF program so I could obtain research lab experience, and experience developing a device that could be used outside of a class setting.

The impact: The research experience has taught me much in the form of laboratory experience and in the pitfalls of creating a device by hand.

Through my experience in the program, I have learned how to be self-sufficient and attentive; trying to undertake every learning opportunity that I can.

Most memorable research moment: When I finally figured out how to code a specific electrical component so that its values would project onto the computer’s terminal. Although this may seem like a very easy thing to do, it was difficult for me because it was the first time I had worked with the computer language. This marked a milestone in both the project and in the learning curve for the language.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Matthew Gabrielle | Roger Williams University

Entamoeba spp. as models of aquatic environmental changes in pathogenic marine protists Mentor: Avelina Espinosa Majors: Biology, Chemistry Career path: To be determined, but research-related Expected graduation: June 2019 SURF project goal: To understand what effects climate change will have on aquatic microorganisms that can infect and live in a variety of hosts depending on the species of microorganism. One of the microorganisms used in the study, Entamoeba histolytica, is responsible for the disease known as amebiasis that causes about 100,000 human fatalities per year. To simulate changing environmental conditions, the liquid medium that these microorganisms are grown in was altered to different salt concentrations as well as different levels of acidity. We monitor the health of the organisms by measuring their surface area and monitoring their activity. I expect that the Entamoeba spp. will grow similarly or better at lower pH values (more acidic conditions), which is a trend in bodies of water due to climate change.

Why SURF: I love science and the opportunity to work in a lab all summer made me really excited. I also wanted to further my scientific education. I always want to get better and learn from people who have experience working in research.

The impact: I faced a big learning curve coming into a lab to work full time. There was a lot to learn and it is really coming together for me as the summer is ending. I feel more independent in lab and I feel like I have a much deeper understanding of how research really works. Being here this summer has shown me that I love research and being in lab. My experience has been really eye opening and educational.

Most memorable research moment: The first experiment that I was fully independent on. I had two tubes of E. histolytica (one of the micro-organisms we work with) and I needed seven tubes to do an experiment. Tubes can be split into two tubes every four days if there are enough cells in the original tube. I split enough tubes and I got to begin. I made liquid growth medium, then adjusted six 30mL samples to different pH values that I needed. I calculated on my own how much additives to add to the liquid growth medium for that volume and I did my experiment.

It doesn’t sound so memorable and it is just like a million things I do in lab daily, but it was the first time I was really on my own. I felt confident and independent in a research setting .

“Getting to do field work in an area of study I enjoy is a dream come true.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Christine Gardiner | University of Rhode Island

Do food-web changes explain population declines of coral reef fishes?

Mentor: Graham Forrester Major: Marine Biology Career path: Marine scientist Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: We are trying to figure out why gobies, small bottom dwelling coral reef fish, have experienced population declines during the past couple decades. The theory is that there is a cascade of sorts due to overfishing — the top predators are less abundant, feeding less on the medium size fish, which in turn increase their feeding on smaller fish, like gobies. We are watching the medium size predator’s interactions/behavior with gobies to see if it has changed from previous years.

Why SURF: I have worked in Dr. Forrester’s lab for a couple years, and thought it would be beneficial to apply to SURF to continue the research experience and work on a more specialized, individual project with a background I was already familiar with. The SURF program is an excellent way for undergraduates to get hands-on research experiences

to further their education and career goals.

The impact: I have had an amazing experience. Getting to do field work in an area of study I enjoy is a dream come true. Not to say that it isn’t challenging, because it’s plenty of hard work and long hours. I have definitely come to appreciate field science more and the dedication of researchers. This program has given me plenty to think about in terms of my career goals and what I want to specialize in.

Most memorable research moment: Researching small fish that live on the sand, I spend a lot of time with my head down focused on my observations, so when I look up now and then I’m surprised by all the activity going on around me. One time when I looked up, there was a beautiful spotted eagle ray gliding along about 10 feet from me, I had to stop at watch the elegant creature. I was glad that I had looked up just then, and reminded myself that even though I’m working, I should still look around periodically so I don’t miss out on more moments like this.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Owen Griffin | University of Rhode Island

Contrasting results from XRD and FTIR data sets of hydrothermally altered sediment collected from the Axial Mount and serpentinized ultramafic rocks obtained from Lower Lake California Mentors: Dawn Cardace, Abigail Johnson Major: Chemistry Career path: Graduate school for master’s in chemistry Expected graduation: Fall 2017 SURF project goal: I am collecting subsamples of samples obtained from the Axial Seamount, a submarine volcano off the coast of California, and Serpentine obtained from Lower Lake California and running them through X-ray Diffraction and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, which are both used to identify the composition of minerals in the sample. The spectrums that are produced are analyzed by using Xpowder, a software that can match peaks in an XRD spectra to known minerals, and by creating a binary histogram for FTIR spectra which will illustrate which peaks are consistent throughout each subsample. The end goal is to have some insight as to what the mineralogy of the samples are, how they differ in composition, and if there are any similarities between these two sets of data.

Why SURF: I wanted to get involved in active, ongoing research to gain as much experience as possible and to help motivate me academically for my upcoming senior year.

I knew that the paid research this program has provided me with would be invaluable towards my career goals and future prospects in science. I had conducted many experiments and produced several lab reports for an Organic Chemistry course that I had taken the preceding Spring

semester and was really looking forward to applying the academically taught methods I had learned in the lab to an actual independent research project.

The impact: I definitely feel like I am getting what I signed up for, which is the opportunity to conduct research and gain critical lab experience that is beneficial to me as an undergrad as well as to the scientific community. I was thrown headfirst into conducting research by participating in a research expedition to Lower Lake, California, to help in the field and in the lab collecting and analyzing groundwater samples obtained from various wells drilled into a slab of ophiolite, a large slab of oceanic crust and upper mantle containing serpentinizing rock that has been emplaced or uplifted onto the Earth’s surface. The people I have worked under and alongside have been insightful, motivating, and, above all, helpful toward achieving my goals in the program.

Most memorable research moment: The entirety of my research expedition to California. The last day I was there, I conducted the most analytical lab work I had ever done in one day up to that point in my career (soon to be outdone when I came home and began data collecting), but the sense of accomplishment I felt after spending nearly an entire day in the lab was unmatched to any lab work I had done previously at URI.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

“I am gaining great knowledge in how to begin, organize, conduct, and complete research in science.�

SURF 2016

Jeremy Hecker | Community College of Rhode Island

Impacts of increased CO2 on carbon mineralization of microbe-mineral interfaces Mentors: Dawn Cardace, Abigail Johnson Major: Geology/Biology Career path: Geosciences and microbiology Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: The larger goal of my research is to determine whether ocean acidification will effect deep sea microbes. My current research is determining the minerology of the sediment in which these microbes currently exist. The larger aim of the project is to determine if the habitat will remain suitable under changing atmospheric conditions.

Why SURF: I applied to the RI EPSCoR Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program to gain experience in research as well as begin to work in the field in which I would like to have a career.

The impact: I have had a great experience. I traveled to California for field work and learned research skills, sampling techniques and about equipment used in the lab. I am gaining great knowledge in how to begin, organize, conduct, and complete research in science.

Most memorable research moment: The most memorable moment I had during my experience in the program was being out in California, surrounded by very intelligent and scientifically minded people, and just having this feeling of belonging in that environment.

Mentor: Roxanna Smolowitz Major: Marine Biology Career path: Marine veterinarian Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: In the summer of 2009 numerous adult, 2-3 year old, hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) in Wellfleet, MA, began to surface and die. Evaluation of these animals showed large abnormal cells and a new neoplastic disease termed hemocytic neoplasia was identified. A similar form of this disease was identified several years ago in soft shell clams and caused mass mortalities in their populations. Research of the soft shell clam found that the disease was transmissible from infected to naïve animals. Based on the previous research in softshell clams, the primary goal of this research is to determine if neoplasia in the hard clam is transmissible to naïve individuals. We expect to see the development of the disease from the trial where neoplastic cells were directly injected into the naïve animals. Animals positive for neoplasia in the other trials will contribute to a further understanding of how the disease is being transmitted.

“Not only has this pro-

gram confirmed that I have chosen the correct career path, but it has also taught me invaluable lessons.”

Why SURF: The main reason I wanted to participate in the SURF program was for the research experience. In addition, this project really sparked my interest and I knew I had to be a part of it.

The impact: This summer experience has been everything and nothing that I expected it to be. And, I wouldn’t have changed a single moment of it. I’ve learned that research, most of the time, never goes according to plan, no matter how prepared you may be.

There are good and bad days in the lab where one minute you have everything under control and the next you will have to go back to the drawing board and rewrite your protocols.

Not only has this program confirmed that I have chosen the correct career path, but it has also taught me invaluable lessons about the importance of communicating scientific data, how to communicate with the non-scientific community, as well as tips on apply to graduate school.

Most memorable research moment: Going to Wellfleet to collect the clams needed for this experiment. It was nice to be able to get out of the lab setting and do some work in the field. I also was able to talk to some of the farmers and get an idea of what their job entails.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Katie Heisler | Roger Williams University

Is neoplasia infectious in hard clams?

“I wanted to experience a different kind of research so as to determine my preferences regarding the research field before entering graduate school.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Stephanie Hills | Roger Williams University

Evaluating oyster growth performance in upwellers under varying environmental conditions Mentors: Dale Leavitt, Matt Griffin Major: Biology Career path: Uncertain (conservation, research) Expected graduation: May 2018 SURF project goal: I am attempting to find a way to create stronger shells, so they are not so easily corroded by the increasing levels of acid in ocean waters. I am doing this by adding calcium carbonate, the primary shell component, to seawater and to marine sediments and measuring the effect on razor clams, oysters, and the acidity of the environment. The expected outcome is that the calcium carbonate will neutralize the pH of the environment, allow shellfish to grow stronger and more quickly, and cause larvae to favor sediment with added calcium carbonate to sediment without.

Why SURF: Prior to the SURF program my research experience was limited to the genetic identification of algae; while I enjoy genetics, I wanted to experience a different kind of research so as to determine my preferences regarding the research field before entering graduate school.

The impact: My experience has given me what I hoped for; that is, research experience that is vastly different from my other experiences, and that will help me to narrow down the biological fields I’d like to explore in graduate school.

Most memorable research moment: Setting up my first experiment, because it was the most visible experiment I’d ever done (compared to DNA, microscopic razor clam larvae are enormous) and made me feel like I actually might achieve something in a 10-week period, where previously I had doubted it.

“The SURF

program is an excellent opportunity for any young scientist looking to get into research.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Kenneth Hughes | Rhode Island College

Impacts of legacy and emerging chemicals of concern on elasmobranch fishes Mentor: Rebeka Merson Major: Biology Career path: Pharmaceutical & toxicological research Expected graduation: December 2016 SURF project goal: My project is working on figuring out what a specific class of chemicals, called PCB’s, does to the development of a local, often eaten type of fish called little skate. The chemical sticks around in their bodies after they are exposed, and eventually, makes its way up the food chain to us. By studying their response, we can get an idea of what the chemical does to DNA and development, and help us determine more about the body’s response to toxic chemicals as a whole. Exposure to the chemical compound we’re working with often causes collapse of the circulatory system and strain on the heart, so we’re expecting to see that. Also one of our labmates has noted physical deformities. So, we’re expecting to (and have seen!) that as well.

Why SURF: The SURF program was recommended to me

as an excellent opportunity for a summer fellowship, that would offer me a great experience in doing both laboratory and fieldwork.

The impact: This program afforded me a chance to gain hard skills. Things like animal husbandry, standards for archival of information, raw experience in a laboratory setting. But it also gained me some soft skills. Observation.

Critical thinking. It’s been eye-opening. The SURF program is an excellent opportunity for any young scientist looking to get into research.

Most memorable research moment: We excase (remove from the egg case) all of our experimental embryos ourselves. At one point, we were excasing the next series of organisms, and came across one with two fully developed heads! We decided to observe him for a while, to see exactly what would happen. Unfortunately, he died a week or so later.

“I have

learned invaluable skills that will not just help me as a scientist, but also me as a person.�

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Kiserian Jackson | Roger Williams University

Is neoplasia in hard clams infectious?

Mentor: Roxanna Smolowitz Major: Biology Career path: Undecided Expected graduation: Spring 2018 SURF project goal: I am studying the disease neoplasia within hard clams. Recently in Wellfleet, MA, there has been an abundance of adult clams dying from neoplasia, which causes the formation of large abundant cells that can clog the vascular system of the animal, killing it. This could greatly impact fisheries that are dependent on hard clams. By studying the infection of neoplasia and how it infects other clams, and possibly identifying the infectious agent, the spread of the disease hopefully could be contained and/or stopped. We expect that the animals injected with neoplastic cells from infected clams will start to develop large abnormal cells, characteristic of neoplasia. It is highly plausible that this is how the disease is spreading.

Why SURF: I wanted to continue to conduct research, with mentors to help culture my knowledge. It is very interesting to actually observe scientific theories that we learn about in the classroom and help apply them to real world

problems. The SURF experience has given me the opportunity to continue learning about science and help me choose my path in life.

The impact: My experience has been wholeheartedly beneficial. I have learned so much about lab work and how a lab is supposed to be run. I have learned invaluable skills that will not just help me as a scientist, but also me as a person.

I feel that this program challenges me to change the way I originally think, while also helping me understand my path in life. This has been one of the best summers of my life, being engrossed in what I am passionate about. I am so glad that I decided to apply to the SURF program. It has done nothing but amaze me since Day 1, meeting so many amazing people, expanding my research, and bettering me as a person. I definitely know that I want to continue my path in science and research because of this experience.

Most memorable research moment: Collecting clams from the pier at Roger Williams and also at Wellfleet, MA. It was so exhilarating to be out on the field and collect specimens for an experiment.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Marguerite Kinsella | University of Rhode Island

Monitoring harmful algal blooms in Narragansett Bay via ecological and aerial technology approaches and determining the impacts of climate change on the physiology of bloom-forming macroalgae Mentors: Lindsay Green, Carol Thornber, Stephen Licht Major: Marine Biology Career path: EPA or other government agency Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: We were trying to accomplish how specific climate change treatments like artificial rain versus natural rain and added nutrients such as nitrogen change the weight and physiology of Ulva species (bloom forming algae) through laboratory trials. We also worked on a continuing survey of different algae species throughout Greenwich Bay and at sites in Napatree. I also had my own experiment that focuses on how a specific invasive red algae Grateloupia may impact a native red algae Chondrus through allelopathy trials.

Why SURF: I participated in the SURF program to better direct myself in the field I would like to study for the rest of my life, as well as learning new laboratory skills and enhancing my data analysis skills.

The impact: I believe that I have developed a better understanding of what research science entails. I also have developed a better understanding of what I want to pursue as my career and the adequate steps I need to take in order to accomplish that.

Most memorable research moment: Learning new skills such as nutrient pipetting and genetic testing, along with enhancing my algal identification skills.

“When your job

depends on the weather and tides, you grow sensitive to the interconnectedness and balance of the planet.�

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Katarzyna Kos | Salve Regina University

Response of near shore marine macroinvertebrate and small fish populations to climate driven sea level rise and associated abiotic conditions Mentor: Jameson Chace Major: Environmental Biology Career path: Environmental engineering Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: As I travel throughout Narragansett Bay collecting trap samples and other abiotic conditions, I am researching the distribution and abundance of detrivores, specifically mud snails and whelk, in relation to the productivity of the ecosystem. By looking at surrounding biodiversity and habitat, I can determine the relationship between mud snails and whelk as well as how their presence effects effects the rest of the food chain both in marine and terrestrial areas. In addition, I am studying how changing oceanic conditions due to global warming will effect the detrivore populations and subsequently many other related species.

Why SURF: I chose SURF not only because I have the privilege of working with an advisor who is familiar with my character and interests, and my zeal for the outdoors, but also because as a hands-on and visual learner, I am learn-

ing far more than in a classroom or lab as I interact with my surroundings.

The impact: From this experience, I feel like I am more aware of my surrounding and in tune with the dynamics of the natural world. When your job depends on the weather and tides, you grow more sensitive to the interconnectedness and balance of the planet. In addition, I am gaining valuable expertise on how to process data in order to convey a pattern.

Most memorable research moment: I try to appreciate and take in every day I am out on the water, but there was one day that particularly stands out. It was one of my partners and my first days and we were still getting used to the ropes. The weather was windy and the waves were choppy, but we didn’t think much of it. Next thing we know, waves are crashing over and onto the boat while we are trying to hold down traps and buckets of loose organisms and our clothes are drenched through. It was one of the most physically demanding days, but proved that we can overcome any obstacle.

“Being involved in

the SURF program has allowed me to experience so much more in my college experience and truly get a lot more out of it.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Gabrielle Kuba | Salve Regina University

Building the genome of Ulva Spp. involved in macroalgal blooms Mentor: JD Swanson Major: Biology Career path: Exploring possibilities Expected graduation: May 2018 SURF project goal: In the past decade, there has been a noticeable increase of macroalgae in Narragansett Bay, RI. The two main species found include Ulva compressa and Ulva rigida. The extensive proliferation of these species have begun to form Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) that outcompete other species in the same environment for sunlight and nutrients. We are looking first at the population dynamics of the around the Bay to identify the individuals forming the blooms. This will allow us to further address the cause of the increase in bloom size by being able to determine how many mutated individuals make up this problem. A second goal of this project includes looking at different factors that would be influencing these changes. Currently, we are investigating nutrient levels (N,P,K) and how they directly influence the growth of macroalgae in the Bay. Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the SURF program this year because of my experience in the program last summer. The program allowed me to focus completely on the research project I was welcomed on to and explore more deeply what research truly entails and truly consider it as a career path. The SURF program has been extreme-

ly important to my future and it’s something I have been more than lucky to participate in for the past two summers!

The impact: This summer, my project shifted due to the graduation of a colleague so it has been super interesting being able to take on another aspect of our project. It’s very cool to see how similar each of the focuses are, however how much new knowledge the topic has brought upon me this summer. The program is allowing me to be able to expand on my knowledge in the project. It has given me the opportunity to recall topics that I have previously visited throughout classes and allowed me to learn new techniques that I have will be ever grateful for. Being involved in the SURF program has also allowed me to experience so much more in my college experience and truly get a lot more out of it.

Most memorable research moment: The scientific fish trawl on the RV Cap’n Bert that EPSCoR provided. It was interesting to hear about the program that URI was running and cool to see the diversity that the Bay possesses in species. Being able to hear about the sea life and experiencing a part of the work the trawls do every week made me realize that not knowing what exact field I’m going into after graduation is ok because there are so many places I can go with the experiences SURF has given me.

Mentor: Jack Costello Majors: Biology, English Literature Career path: Research scientist Expected graduation: May 2018 SURF project goal: Other than body streamlining, there are few morphological examples of natural solutions for propulsion in fluids that are as ubiquitous among animals as stereotypic bending kinematic patterns. Bending location and extent are remarkably similar across disparate animal lineages moving in different fluid media and integrate a variety of phylogenetically determined propulsor sizes and materials. However, current approaches to understanding propulsor flexibility offer little insight into why such diverse animal propulsors bend with such predictable regularity.

By identifying the relationships between bending kinematics and force generation, we will test the general hypothesis that the magnitude and position of propulsor bending predictably determines propulsive forces. I have been looking at differences in pectoral fin placement of different classes of animals to see how it could affect fluid turning by studying pectoral fin placement in different aquatic animals. We will then test whether patterns determined from these analyses are evident in propulsor kinematics across a broad spectrum of the animal kingdom.

We expect to find some element of unity in the form of pectoral fin or wing placement within all the diversity of species that fly and swim. How much unity, though, is what we’re trying to figure out.

“I really liked the

unique opportunities that the program offered me as well as the opportunity to immerse myself in a lab for a few months during the summer.�

Why SURF: I participated in the SURF program last year and I learned a lot. I wanted to participate again this year because I really liked the unique opportunities that the program offered me as well as the opportunity to immerse myself in a lab for a few months during the summer.

The impact: I feel a lot more comfortable in the lab this summer and I feel like I can work more efficiently now that this is my second summer doing this type of work with Dr. Costello.

Most memorable research moment: Presenting my work at the SURF conference last year is definitely my most memorable moment in research so far. Talking to people about my work and having the whole summer culminate into that one poster was a very satisfying experience.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Emma Lederer | Providence College

Fluid mechanical basis of universal natural propulsor bending

“This is a wonderful program that students

should want to get involved in. It allows students to explore the lifestyle of a research scientist.�

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Nicholas Letarte | University of Rhode Island

Impacts of nitrogen and warming on shellfish pathogens and nitrogen cycling Mentors: Serena Moseman-Valtierra, Ashley Hogan Majors: Marine Biology Career path: Medical field Expected graduation: December 2016 SURF project goal: My project focuses on exploring the impact anthropogenic activities (such as run off, pollution etc.) has on oyster growth in Crassostrea virginca. I hypothesize that oysters exposed to increased nitrogen levels will grow larger and faster than those under ambient conditions. Since oysters are able to utilize nutrients within the water column, it stands to reason that with more nutrients available, more energy will be available to allocate toward growth.

Why SURF: I knew it was a very competitive program that allowed for a whole spectrum of different research projects with many highly intelligent mentors. This is a wonderful

program that students should want to get involved in. It allows students to explore the lifestyle of a research scientist.

The impact: I have had nothing but positive experiences with this program. I get the chance to work with many different complex scientific instruments in the lab, which adds to my value as a potential research scientist. I also get the chance to go out into the field and spend time in the sun in a beautiful environment. The work can be difficult and conditions are not always ideal, so I learn how to persist through difficult times. Overall, I am learning how to become a productive member of a scientific team through this program.

Most memorable research moment: Collecting data for my own research project out in the field.

“This program has provided me with much needed and appreciated professional and scientific skills that I know will help me in my future career endeavors.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Mikayla Lopes | Rhode Island College

Looking at effects of PCB-126 on little skate development Mentors: Rebeka Merson Majors: Biology Career path: Researcher Expected graduation: May 2017

research with her this coming fall and spring semesters since last year. The SURF program gave me the opportunity to begin my research career, and provided a nice and easy transition into a research setting.

SURF project goal: We are exploring how an eco-toxin (PCB-126) effects the development of morphological features and the cardiovascular systems in the little skate.

This can help us also determine whether CYP1A is expressed in the genes of the organisms exposed. PCB-126 will create developmental defects on those that are exposed to it, and CYP1A will be expressed in the genes. No matter the treatment amount, the PCB-126 will cause the activation of this CYP1A gene in most of those exposed to the eco-toxin.

The impact: This summer has been amazing to say the least. I have been given amazing opportunities like working with the EPA and going to national conferences, both of which would not have happened if it were not for the SURF program. This program has provided me with much needed and appreciated professional and scientific skills that I know will help me in my future career endeavors.

Why SURF: I’ve always wanted to conduct research, but never had the time or opportunity to do so. I had Dr. Merson in the past as a professor, and also have planned to do

Most memorable research moment: Working with the skates — from seeing the excased embryos develop, to watching an egg case hatch on its own before my eyes — and working with live animals has been an amazing privilege.

“Most impor-

tantly, this program has not only helped me narrow down my future career path, but it also has given me more confidence in my academics.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Katie Lynch | University of Rhode Island

Testing resilience of coastal wetlands: “Experiments” to reverse nitrogen loading and sea level rise Mentors: Katelyn Szura, Serena Moseman-Valtierra Majors: Marine Biology Career path: Master’s degree, research Expected graduation: May 2017

the different workshops help to broaden the scope of the research field Most importantly, this program has not only helped me narrow down my future career path, but it also has given me more confidence in my academics.

SURF project goal: My research project this season takes place at Mary’s Creek in West Warwick, RI and I am testing for and comparing nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes between different coastal salt marsh vegetation and exposed mudflat. Basically, I will be taking measurements using a gas analyzer to determine if there is a release of N2O in the marsh. N2O is a greenhouse gas and it is known that elevated nitrogen inputs can increase the release of this gas.

Most previous research on this subject focuses on testing the same one or two types of saltmarsh cordgrasses. I am interested to determine if there are also fluxes in the plants and unvegetated areas that are not typically used in these studies.

The impact: This summer has turned out to be busy, but tons of fun. I’m lucky that my mentor, Kate, and I get along well and we make our long field days as entertaining as possible. I enjoy working in the salt marsh mostly because it’s completely new to me, so I’ve spent a majority of this summer trying to soak up as much information as I can.

Also, as a SURF veteran, I was given the opportunity to direct my own research. I am grateful for this opportunity, because narrowing down on a topic is definitely not as easy as it seems!

Why SURF: I participated in the SURF program last summer, and I loved the experience. I like how the SURF program gives students the opportunity to gain personal hands-on experiences that may not be found in an academic setting. There is a lot of opportunity for networking, and

Most memorable research moment: My first day in the marsh, I wasn’t paying attention to where I was walking and I fell into a hole! Salt marshes are very spongy and the soil can give out easily if you aren’t careful. Fortunately, it was only my right leg that fell in, but I was wearing my mentor’s rain boots and I was so worried I had ruined them.

The mud washed off though, and I am now very careful of where I step!

“Having the op-

portunity to set up experiments, analyze real data, and problem solve on a daily basis was extremely rewarding and difficult to find elsewhere.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Hannah Madison | University of Rhode Island

Monitoring harmful algal blooms in Narragansett Bay via ecological and aerial technology approaches and determining the impacts of climate change on the physiology of bloom-forming macroalgae Mentors: Lindsay Green, Carol Thornber, Stephen Licht Majors: Ocean Engineering Career path: Harness renewable energy, preferably in the form of tidal, wave, or other mechanisms of the ocean.

Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: The lab that I work in is trying to understand the cause of algal blooms in Narragansett Bay while keeping detailed records of monthly biodiversity in order to predict future populations. With increased nutrient deposits into the water and rising sea temperature, the algal diversity that makes up the local area will most likely be changing in the future. Experiments were run with water temperature and nutrient input as variables to discover whether Narragansett Bay’s most popular algaes will survive in the changing marine conditions.

Why SURF: As a person pursuing an engineering major, most of my time is spent solving hypothetical questions.

Obviously, textbook learning and solving the physics behind the ocean is a crucial part of engineering; however, I wanted to get in the field and run actual experiments on the thing that I had been learning about for years. SURF seemed to be a program that gave its students the opportunity to be in the field, work alongside professionals to see how scientific experiments were run, and use their own creativity and curiosity to study their own interests.

The impact: I am actively learning the basics of the ocean environment in the field while discovering the science and statistics of my subjects in the lab. This fellowship is different than any other job I have had, therefore I’m learning something new every day. Working in the field and with real organisms in experiments has forced my group and me to solve real-world problems that wouldn’t be encountered or solved in classes or a textbook. I now feel more confident in my ability to solve my own dilemmas when I start working.

Most memorable research moment: An elaborate but necessary solution that my post-doc came up with to solve a time constraint we had. We had 50 samples that we needed to do photosynthesis tests for, each which would have taken 7 minutes. The samples took so long because we had to immerse each one in darkness for five minutes using a tool. Instead of waiting five minutes per sample, Dr. Green decided to buy an extreme amount of black tarp to make a black-out tent. With this shelter, all 50 samples were kept black for five minutes and we were free to test them from inside the tent quickly and efficiently. Being inside a black tent in the middle of summer wasn’t very fun, but it certainly was a memorable solution and improved my night vision immensely.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Jasmine Miller | University of Rhode Island

Detection and in situ fluorescence-based monitoring of hydrocarbon food sources in complex marine environments Mentor: Mindy Levine Majors: Biological Science Career path: Doctor Expected graduation: December 2016 SURF project goal: I am assessing the Narragansett Bay, Narragansett Beach, Providence River, and Arcadia Lake, which are selected bodies of water throughout Rhode Island, for pesticides. In our lab we refer to pesticides and other toxins as analytes, and we can detect them using a technique known as fluorescence modulation. Fluorescence modulation, developed in Dr. Levine’s lab, utilizes fluorophores (dyes) and cyclodextrins (sugar molecules) to detect various analytes in milk, urine, blood, and now Rhode Island water. I expect to detect pesticides, even if at low quantities, in at least one of the water samples.

Why SURF: I really enjoy research and I wanted to take advantage of the opportunity to work with and build a better relationship with my mentor. I also have a genuine interest in chemistry. Having never worked in a chemistry lab before, I thought this summer would be a great time to start.

The impact: My experience in the SURF/ EPSCoR program has been insightful and experiential. I have done things I never thought I would do, and and I am learning about things I never knew existed. I have also gained some insight on what it means to be a graduate student, as I share an office with the graduate students in Dr. Levine’s lab. I have come to really appreciate the time and hard work that goes into research and discovery.

Most memorable research moment: Traveling to collect the water samples for my research. It was fun to engage in field work and get out of the lab for the day. Collecting those water samples also signified the official start of my summer research.

Although the work I am doing utilizes a well-developed detection technique, it has never been applied to the research I am working on, which has allowed me to play an integral part in every aspect of this project.

“My research

entails identifying species of fish, so every time a rare fish happens to swim in front of me, it is like a water-breathing, scale-covered gift.�

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Katie Nickles | University of Rhode Island

Caribbean coral restoration survey

Mentor: Graham Forrester Majors: Marine Biology; minor, Underwater Archeology Career path: Research scientist Expected graduation: December 2016 SURF project goal: Coral restoration is the process of adding live corals to a degraded coral reef. Studies usually track the growth and survival of the added corals. This restoration process is believed to bring back more corals and fish, and improve the entire reef community. This belief is widely accepted, but there is little research to support it. The goal of my project is to determine the effects of coral restoration on the reef fish community. This will help determine if coral restoration is a valuable tool and encourage more thorough surveying methods for future restoration projects. I expect to see an increase in small reef associated fish, like damselfishes. We are surveying sites from many years and if the restored coral has thrived, I would expect to see a greater number of fish in the older restoration sites. I believe our project will encourage other restoration groups to include fish surveys as part of their usual coral restoration monitoring protocol.

Why SURF: The SURF program provided me with a way to do research over the summer and get paid. I am nearing the end of my undergraduate program and I want to head to graduate school, but I still am unsure of what I want to

study. The SURF program gave me one last chance to figure out what I want to study. It also includes a lot of very interesting lectures and presentations that allow students to grow as scientists and students. The annual poster session also is always very interesting because so many other students have great projects.

The impact: This summer has allowed me to spend a lot of time working side by side with master’s students. I have learned that the research we are doing is just as much mine as theirs and adds an element of pride. I also learned that it is very important to talk to as many people as you can about the work you are doing. This can allow you to inform the public or get new ideas or collaborations with other scientists. The SURF program is an excellent program to get students involved in science and research. It has really helped me figure out what my next step will be once I complete my undergraduate degree.

Most memorable research moment: After spending seven hours in the water collecting data, we got to finally have lunch! In reality, my research entails identifying species of fish, so every time a rare fish happens to swim in front of me, it is like a little water-breathing, scale-covered gift. I love being able to record a fish species I had not previously found.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Daniela O’Regan | Roger Williams University

Evaluating oyster growth performance in upwellers under varying environmental conditions Mentors: Dale Leavitt, Matt Griffin Major: Biology Career path: Conservationtist Expected graduation: May 2018 SURF project goal: I am conducting research on the potential negative impacts of the predominant clamming technique permitted in Narragansett Bay, called bull raking. This form of clamming is widely used and is very lucrative, however it is not yet known whether it is detrimental to benthic communities. My research is testing the disturbance and recovery rates of benthic sediment and the organisms that live in it after an area has been bull raked.

The bull raking may cause organisms to be disturbed and removed from the tested area for a short time, however, I believe the sediment and its organisms will return to its natural state rather quickly. I believe bull raking does not result in long term changes to benthic communities.

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the SURF program to gain experience in research both in the field and in the lab. I knew that through this program I would be introduced to new mentors who could guide me as well as teach me more about the subject I would be studying and I would truly learn what it is like to work in a professional setting.

The impact: I have had a great experience as a SURF scholar. I enjoy working on my project daily and learning to be an independent worker. I believe the SURF program is an amazing opportunity for undergraduates to gain experience and to learn what a research based career would be like.

Most memorable research moment: The daily boat trips taken on Mt. Hope Bay to collect the benthic sediment. Even on the cloudy days, it is so beautiful here. I am so grateful that I have been able to spend my summer on the ocean.

“I’ve learned more about research, proteomics, molecular biology, and even myself than I ever would have learned in a lecture or lab course.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Stephanie Peramas | University of Rhode Island

Temperature effects on marine invertebrate physiology Mentor: Steven Irvine Major: Animal Science Career path: Ethology field study Expected graduation: May 2018 SURF project goal: The research seeks to determine the effects of climate change on a local marine invertebrate (ascidians, or sea squirts), by understanding their protein expression. To better understand these effects on development, we breed the ascidians under a variety of stressors similar to the predicted environmental effects resulting from global warming through performing PCRs, making cDNA, and other techniques in the lab. Ascidians are harvested from the Snug Harbor and Newport regions of Rhode Island and analyzed and monitored at the URI Bay Campus Graduate School of Oceanography.

Why SURF: I wanted to fully immerse myself in the research lab experience, and SURF offers the perfect opportunity to get a taste of what that is like. In a positive and supportive environment, I am able to focus on learning and gaining the skills necessary to complete successful work in a lab. I wanted to take advantage of an opportunity not

offered in the usual labs students might take in conjunction with lectures.

The impact: This experience has opened my eyes to the world of research and given me insight into the behindthe-scenes of lab work. I am learning quirky little aspects of lab work that I never would have known or been able to relate to. I have gained a much greater sense of independence and confidence in my research abilities. I’ve learned more about research, proteomics, molecular biology, and even myself than I ever would have learned in a lecture or lab course.

Most memorable research moment: The feeling of when experiments work successfully. There are a lot of times when despite your best efforts, you do not get the results you want or expect. Research requires trial and error and planning the next course of action through analysis of sometimes confusing data. When all stages of the research go right the first time or after a period of what feels like no progression in the research, it is such a sense of accomplishment and relief.

“Until this

summer, I had never worked in a research lab.

I wanted to see if research was a viable option for career goals.

The main thing that drew me into SURF was the experience I would gain.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Rachael Renzi | University of Rhode Island

Genetic disease resistance in selectively bred oysters Mentors: Tal Ben-Horin, Dina Proestou Major: Biological Sciences Career path: Research or fieldwork Expected graduation: May 2018

both, and see what each is like. Seeing an experiment and processing results drew me in. On top of this, I would learn how to present to a bunch of like-minded people. And lastly, it’s so much better than a summer job.

SURF project goal: To determine if the ability to better tolerate a parasite commonly found in oyster aquaculture is genetic. If an oyster can still grow, even if infected with high doses of parasite, then it is a better choice for aquaculture and farming in areas with this naturally occurring parasite. This project is working to determine which oysters, specifically which family, are the best at living with the highest amount of infection. The expected outcome is that some families will be able to survive for longer, even with higher doses of the parasite, meaning the ability to live with the disease is genetically related.

The impact: I wanted to understand what it was like to work in a research lab. I don’t think, looking back on it now, that I had a complete picture of what working as a scientist really meant. Everything is inquiry, based on a moment’s thought, based on the day before, based on someone else’s study, based on a way of life. Each moment calls for attention and interest in the subject, someone on the team saying, “Yeah, let’s go see!” and each member thinking out loud to each other.

Why SURF: Until this summer, I had never worked in a research lab. I wanted to see if research was a viable option for career goals, since I don’t have a set path for what I want to do after graduation. The main thing that drew me into SURF was the experience I would gain. I wanted to work in Dr. Ben-Horin and Dr. Proestou’s lab because of the way genetic inquiry and ecological concerns were combined. This has allowed me to deepen my interests in

Most memorable research moment: I was handed a syringe, a dilution of dermo, and a tray of notched oysters.

I’ve never used a syringe before, but I imagine piercing the adductor muscle of an oyster feels somewhat similar to giving someone a shot. That’s when I thanked my lucky stars that I was not going into the medical field. Dr. Proestou had already been dissecting for hours, but this had not dampened her spirit at all. She opened her eyes wide and asked, “Don’t you feel like a mad scientist?” I did, in fact, feel like a mad scientist, with needle and oyster in hand.

“After a lot of time

in the lab and plenty of both successes and failures, I now have confidence in almost everything I do. This summer has been a great learning experience.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Gordon Rix | University of Rhode Island

Synthesis of BODIPY appended beta-cyclodextrin sensors for improved understanding of molecular interactions Mentor: Mindy Levine Major: Biochemistry Career path: Professor Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: The goal of my project is to attach a fluorophore (fluorescent molecule) to a beta-cyclodextrin (cavity-containing molecule) at three different distances from each other. The cavity’s interactions with analytes (other particles in the system) can be easily detected via the attached fluorophore, and this can be applied to the detection of low concentrations of toxic particles in marine environments. The study and comparison of the three different molecules will provide insight into how the distance between the fluorophore and the cyclodextrin impact both inter- and intra-molecular interactions.

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the SURF program because I’d like to become the best scientist I can possibly be. The SURF program is a fantastic way to fully immerse yourself in the world of science and learn to use a wealth of tools and techniques in order to solve difficult problems.

The impact: In the beginning of the program, I always wanted confirmation from someone that I wasn’t doing anything wrong, and reassurance that what I was doing was right. However, after a lot of time in the lab and plenty of both successes and failures, I now have confidence in almost everything I do. This summer has been a great learning experience, and it has shown me that after a relatively short period of time, I can learn to carry out my work in the lab with confidence, and make meaningful contributions to a research project. EPSCoR SURF is an incredible program and a valuable experience for everyone involved. I have learned a tremendous amount in a short period of time.

Most memorable research moment: I was just going about my business when another SURF student approached me and asked me to fill her in on what my project is. We both discussed our individual projects and she complemented me on my independence in the lab. It made me realize that I had developed a strong understanding of my research project and was capable of working on it with little assistance.

“On top of learning a lot about research, I

have also made close friendships that have helped shape my time in the SURF program.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Hannah Sheehan | University of Rhode Island

Temperature effects on marine invertebrate physiology Mentor: Stephen Irvine Major: Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Career path: Medical researcher or physician Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: I am trying to gain a better understanding of what research is and what it means to commit to one project for 40 hours a week so that I am better prepared for a career in research. My partner and I have been working on lots of PCR, RNA extraction, and we have also made cDNA. We spend time monitoring our sea squirts in a tank at the URI Graduate School of Oceanography. We expect that an increase in temperature to 22 degrees Celsius (similar to projected global warming temperatures in Narragansett Bay), our animals will express a different set of proteins than the normal animals reared at 18 degrees.

Why SURF: I have done research in the past, but I wanted to see what it’s like working in a lab full time so that I can

determine if research is a good career for me. I am really enjoying it and a career in research seems so be a good fit.

The impact: I have had a great experience. On top of learning a lot about research, I also have made close friendships that have helped shape my time in the SURF program. The techniques I have learned in my lab will be very beneficial to my career and I think that is really valuable. Not everyone graduating with an undergraduate degree can say that they have worked in a lab full time on their resume.

Most memorable research moment: One day, when we had been working on some unsuccessful RNA preps for about a week, it finally worked. Before that, we were very discouraged, but once it finally worked, it was so exciting and rewarding. It really made me feel good that I had worked so hard to get there.

Mentor: JD Swanson Major: Biology Career path: Exploring options Expected graduation: May 2018 SURF project goal: Green algal blooms have been becoming more problematic as they cover the surfaces of the coastal waters and kill the species living underneath. We are looking at the genetic composition of two different species of green algae, Ulva Compressa and Ulva Rigida to identify the population dynamics during peak bloom season in the Narragansett Bay area. By using primers we have already tested, we can identify whether the blooms are made up of one individual that is self-replicating very fast or multiple individuals that are all self-replicating at a slower rate for each species. Understanding the population dynamics of the bloom in the Narragansett Bay will hopefully allow us to further study the specific genes in these individuals that are causing them to multiply.

I expect to see clear results as to whether the blooms are caused by the same individual or multiple individuals that correlate with each species as well as all three sample sites. With these outcomes we will be able to further our research into why these blooms are actually happening.

“My experi-

ence has taught me to learn independently and to problem solve.”

Why SURF: I wanted to participate in the SURF program to learn more about what the research field has to offer and work closely with experienced professors to better my lab skills and practice scientific techniques. I am currently pursuing a bachelor’s in biology and am looking to build upon my fundamental scientific knowledge and broaden my horizons as much as possible so that I can find my true passion in the sciences.

The impact: My experience has taught me to learn independently and to problem solve. I feel that being a part of this program allows me to be constantly thinking on my feet while practicing skills I have already learned and applying them to new lab techniques and data analysis that I will be able to use in my future studies and career.

Most memorable research moment: Going on the SURF trip on the research vessel Cap’n Bert. This experience allowed me to expand on my experience outside of the lab and learn about some other research that is currently being done in the real world. It was so much fun and very eye opening to try a completely new environment.

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Olivia Sherman | Salve Regina University

Genomics of green macroalgal blooms

“This project has unintentionally instilled in me a lot of pride and appreciation for the city that I live in, and I’m thankful for that.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Francesca Soluri | University of Rhode Island

Public opinions on dams and dam removal

Mentor: Caroline Gottschalk Druschke Major: Philosophy Career path: Advocacy Law Expected graduation: May 2018 SURF project goal: Drive a few feet in New England and you’ll probably find a dam. These structures were so necessary for the industrial revolution that truly made our cities; but today, they’re no longer serving the purposes that they were built for, and left alone, they can be a safety hazard or a problem for fish that are trying to follow their normal migration patterns.

Under our mentor Dr. Druschke, Hannah and I are contributing to a larger research team’s project funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The goal of this project is to look at all of the different kinds of trade-offs that have to be made when deciding whether to leave a dam as is, restore it, or remove it.

Through SURF, what we’re trying to do is to establish a baseline knowledge of how the public already feels about dams, the kinds of decisions that have already been made, and the steps that it took to get to those decisions. If we can gather data and understand social aspects of dam removal from a public-oriented perspective, we’re in a better position to make information about the environmental impact of dams available to the public.

Why SURF: I have bounced around a lot in my academic career, switching majors a few times in the process. I have a lot of varied interests, and it took a while for me to settle on philosophy as a major. I really love it because of its

interdisciplinary nature; I get to learn so much about so many different things. Environmental science is something I’ve found myself increasingly interested in, but more than that, I love doing and learning about things from the perspective of an activist. I need to be a part of projects that are committed to making innovative, real-world impacts.

SURF is committed to those ideals, and in addition to that, everything that I’m doing now is such amazing research and communications experience for the future.

The impact: I’ve been learning so much about social-ecological issues in Rhode Island and the history surrounding them. It’s started to make me see Rhode Island, and especially Providence, through a new lens; I take the bus and see so many mill complexes, the canals with street-art tagged dams and I wonder about the communities surrounding them, the experiences that people have had in these places, and the history behind all of it. This project has unintentionally instilled in me a lot of pride and appreciation for the city that I live in, and I’m thankful for it.

Most memorable research moment: Some of my research has been centered around the Potter Hill dam and mill complex in Westerly. It’s a really interesting story; it switched ownership a few times and eventually one of the buildings was destroyed by a fire that nobody really knows the cause of. (I’m still curious). I dragged my friend to go see the complex, and we sat around and took pictures, just thinking about it for a while. It was rewarding to take in something that I had spent so much time learning about.

“I wanted to a part of a project that had potential to make real world changes in our environment.”

Mentor: Clifford Murphy Majors: Biology, Chemistry Career path: Start a business from research in grad school Expected graduation: May 2017 SURF project goal: I am trying to develop a method for detection of a toxic byproduct of cyanide fishing, which is a practice that is destroying coral reef ecosystems in the Indo-Pacific. Specifically, we are synthesizing various organometallic compounds, binding them to semi-conductive surfaces, and measuring the electrical and light-absorbance responses of being exposed to the toxic metabolite, thiocyanate. If a sensitive and selective analytical method for the detection of thiocyanate is developed, regulatory agencies will have a powerful tool to stop the illegal practice of cyanide fishing.

Why SURF: Most importantly, I wanted to be a part of a project that had potential to make real world changes in our environment; and, I also wanted to expand my interdisciplinary experience in lab, work extensively with synthesizing organic compounds and develop analytical skills necessary for high level chemical research.

The impact: This summer has been a great experience.

I’ve worked in lab before, under a different grant, but the opportunities provided to us to learn and network differentiate SURF from my past experiences. My lab partners are great team members, and I enjoy going in everyday to problem solve and make noticeable advancements in my work.

Most memorable research moment: I was having trouble successfully completing one of the terminal synthetic steps in the overall method of making the chemosensors.

I spent days agonizing over the source of the problem; reading literature, double checking the procedural steps and testing the reagents for impurities. It turned out that the source of my frustration was a simple mistake made in the conversion between moles and millimoles when calculating the relative concentrations of one of the reagents.

The mistake was staring me right in the face, but its simplicity disguised it. I laughed at the mistake, made the necessary changes and was able to successfully synthesize the desired product. I should have listened to my grandfather’s advice: “Always measure twice and cut once, and keep it simple stupid.”

Rhode Island NSF EPSCoR

SURF 2016

Connor Sweet | Roger Williams University

Metalloporphyrin-based chemosensors for the marine aqueous detection of thiocyanate ions by electrochemistry and spectrophotometry