A M Y PA P WOR T H FIN A L M A JOR PR OJEC T
CONTENTS The Brief Research Malaria Rising sea levels Bibliography
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PR OPOS A L T HE BR IEF The Final Major Project is an open ended brief, the student is allowed to chose a topic that interests the student or that they think might be relevant in a future career. The option for many students is to have one large task, or to break into multiple smaller tasks. This is obviously, dependant on the nature of task chosen. Irrespective of the outcomes, the project was also assessed on development of ideas and originiality. The first step was to develop a proposal, that would need reviewing before submision, and then to commence working on the initial ideas for the project itself
M ETHODOLOGIES I knew I wanted to create a piece that both informed the reader and was well designed, something that could be used in a magazine or newspaper, as that’s an area that particuarly appeals to me. It was also important that the pieces formed a coherent aesthetic so the project creates one piece.
My aim was to produce work aimed for an educated reader, but not necessarily with a background in science or geography. I also felt, that as a final major project, I wanted to have a series of portfolio peieces that were relevant today and also demonstrated a development in technical skill.
Climate change, an on going issue that has impacted many areas including health, sea levels rising and human georgraphy is an issue that already has a lot of readily available datat and would make for and interesting series. I was aiming for a target audience similar to the following: ◆◆ Magazines like New Scientist or Scientific American ◆◆ Broadsheet papers such as The Telegraph or Gurardian ◆◆ Online Journal or blogs
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OU TCOMES Final Major Project Proposal
Climate Change Infographics Amy Papworth / 21238915 BA (Hons) Graphic Design & Visual Communications with Illustration
Aims To produce a series of infographics on the subject of climate change, explaining what it is, and it’s effect on the Earth. These infographics should vary in mediums, both print, digital and animation. Whilst comparing different topics, all work should demonstrate an aesthetic continuity. All outcomes will be displayed on a website to promote awareness of climate change. The intention is to produce a digital platform that encourages greater awareness through sharing information and promotes a proactive approach to climate change in an informative and educational manner.
Outcomes - Website - Infographics - Animation A series of infographics in multiple mediums as well as a short animation presented on a website. Infographics should explore both severe and serious topics and those more light-hearted. They should also represent a range of skills, some print based, others designed for interactivity, and others purely static. All of the outcomes should follow a coherent aesthetic.
Target Audience
The educated public; aged between 25-65. Articles to be suitable for the likes of The Telegraph, Guardian, Economist, New Scientist. Whilst some pieces maybe obvious, others will require more deciphering.
Method Initially start by researching climate change videos and infographics, then record relevant inspiration in journal/blog. Research may be online, in museums and galleries, through personal connections, or whatever means necessary. All research will be kept on record for a bibliography, and ideas for presentation to be recorded in journal. Then begin conducting research on climate change, and find the themes for each infographic and the animation. Once themes have been established (politics, social, economic for example) Following this, then start planning infographics, animation and website.
This is how the proposal was submitted
The proposal had to describe the parameters of our projects, with expected outcomes and target audience. I went through multiple versions and drafts until I created the finished proposal. I decided to focus my project on more digital outcomes, that would be presented on a website, I also included an animation for one of my outcomes which I felt would demonstrate a broader understanding of various pieces of softwares and a generally stronger multi-media project. I also knew that I wanted a very specific target audeince, readers of newspapers and journals as that’s where I anticipated my work being placed.
The Big Bang Data Show poster at Somerset House
E VA L U A T I O N If I had a chance to revisit this task, I would like to have focussed more on my intentions and goals, rather than specific outcomes as I later felt this limited me. Though initially difficult to decide upon a project so quickly, it was also benificial to have clear guidlines early on.
The 2014 Feltron report
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R ESE A RCH The first stage was research. As well as books and the internet I also visited the Big Bang Data Show at Somerset House, which though it had a difference focus, was full of inspiration. I also looked at The Information Captial which focusses on life in London, but is a good example of multiple infographics based on one theme. Amazing Layout design was more inteded for how I wanted the overall product to look, even though it would be a website. It also had many example of branding and aesthetic continuity which was one of the targets I was keen for my project to meet. Visual Complexity was a book I bought at the Big Bang Data Show, and whilst it uses programming and other software I was not as familiar with, it was very inspiring. Whilst at the show, I also
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was able to see some of the Feltron Reports, by Nicholas Felton. It was great to actually see them, as I’ve admired his design aesthetic for a long time. It’s certianly a look I will be aiming to replicate. Lastly, Information is Beautiful, was the book I drew most of my inspirations from, not only interesting, but also the very clean and simple flaticon style is something I would like to use.
Clockwise from right: Amazing Layout Design By Dopress Books, The Information Capital by James Chesire and Oliver Uberti, Information is Beautiful by David McCandless, Visual Complexity by Manuel Lima
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Temperature measured in degrees celcius
Twice a day
Once a day
Once every day Once every 2 days Once every 4 days
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21 22 23 24 25 Temperature in degrees celcius
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32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 London England
Florida USA
Melbourne Australia
New Delhi India
Cape Town South Africa
Maputo Mozambique
International City’s annual (2010) average temperature
Project 1: Climate Change > Health > The effect of Climate Change on Malaria Projected number of malaria cases over the next 20 years in Western Kenya
Project 1: Climate Change > Health > The effect of Climate Change on Malaria Current City Temperature and the temperature Mosquiotoes need to breed.
Temperature measured in degrees celcius
I started with an area I had already researched- the continuous devestation of Malaria across West and Central Africa and increasingly South America. Whilst there was a wealth of information on the increase of Malaria due to a rising climate, there wasn’t a large amount on how this could be prevented. Therefore part of my research involved reading a lot of UN and US/UK budgets and tyring to see which countries could handle an epidemic of this scale. I started by simply getting rough graphs drawn up properly in Adobe Illustrator, which I then developed into map infographics.
Project 1: Climate Change > Health > The effect of Climate Change on Malaria Current City Temperature and projection for the next 20 years.
Project 1: Climate Change > Health > The effect of Climate Change on Malaria The relation between temperature and times a female mosquito feeds. Number of times a female mosquito feeds per day
M ETHODOLOGIES
http://www.climatehotmap.org/global-warming-effects/economy.html http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/ http://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/main-organs/index.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malariahttp://www.who.int/topics/malaria/en/
MALARIA
Mosquito feeding has doubled, as has breeding rate
Ideal temperature Malaria parasite cannot spread below 16 0C Mosquitoes perish at below 14 0C
International City’s annual (2010) average temperature
1970-2010
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2010-2020
2020-2030
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OU TCOMES
PROJECT 1 Project 1: Climate Change > Health > The effect of Climate Change on Malaria. Current City Temperature and the temperature Mosquiotoes need to breed.
Twice a day
Once a day
Temperature measured in degrees celcius
Number of times a female mosquito feeds per day
Project 1: Climate Change > Health > The effect of Climate Change on Malaria. The relation between temperature and times a female mosquito feeds.
Once every day Once every 2 days Once every 4 days
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21 22 23 24 25 Temperature in degrees celcius
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28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
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Mosquito feeding has doubled, as has breeding rate
It was clear from feedback that I needed to change my graphs in favour of something more attractive, but that still displayed the information clearly. So whilst the graphs did display the information clearly the maps seemed more appropriate for my demographic.
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/world-malaria-day-2014-top-five-countries-most-affected-by-malaria-1445969 http://en.ird.fr/ird.fr/the-media-centre/scientific-newssheets/394-malaria-how-did-it-reach-the-americas
Malaria and Climate Change How the rise in climate will increase the numbers of those effected by Malaria.
Ideal temperature Malaria parasite cannot spread below 16 0C Mosquitoes perish at below 14 0C
International City’s annual (2010) average temperature
I was aiming to clearly display several pieces of information: ◆◆ The corrolation between a rise in temperature and a rise in Malaria
Project 1: Climate Change > Health > The effect of Climate Change on Malaria. Current City Temperature and projection for the next 20 years.
Temperature measured in degrees celcius
Project 1: Climate Change > Health > The effect of Climate Change on Malaria. Projected number of malaria cases over the next 20 years in Western Kenya
1970-2010
2010-2020
2020-2030
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
◆◆ The developing climates of both third and first world countries London England
Florida USA
Melbourne Australia
New Delhi India
Cape Town South Africa
Maputo Mozambique
◆◆ A descriptive and pescriptive approach
International City’s annual (2010) average temperature
Left: the inital graphs and above: the second draft with colour.
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◆◆ How Malaria has also increased over the past 50 years or so
I read a lot of budgets and articles on which countries would be best equipped to handle and epidemic, and the resounding conclusion is that a lot of the West wouldn’t be able to control this rapidly developing disease.
The Spread of Malaria Malaria is already a huge killer across Africa, but an increase in temperature is only likely to see that grow. For every two degree (centigrade) change in temperature, mosquitos breed and feed at 4x the current rate. This will see the malaria endemic develop into a pandemic situation. Firstly, areas already effected, such as Central Africa will suffer further losses before the contamination spreads. The predicted temperature increase will make this impossible to contain within Africa, and will start initially being transmitted to neighbouring nations, as well as the larger international airports, such as Heathrow, Atlanta and Beijing. The malaria virus
will spread more aggressively in areas already of a hotter climate, cases in the northern hemisphere on the other hand, (especially northern Europe and Canada) will not suffer as the cooler climate will prevent infection and in some cases, prevent mosquitos breeding at all. Most of the affected areas will also be LEDC where treatment and management will be harder to achieve and in the case of Central and South America, the over
crowding will only act as a catalyst to the disease. This will also mean that cities, where the climate is often already hotter and living spaces are often smaller, the disease will spread more rapidly. Sources: The Commonwealth Health Ministers Update 2009, The United Nations Foundation, Wikipedia, The World Health Organisation, Malaria Atlas Project.
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Preventative Measures The prevention of the spread of Malaria is now in the hands of MEDCs and the United Nations bodies, as the rise in climate is now inevitable. Areas within the Northern Hemisphere will remain largely unaffected as their temperatures are too cold for the mosquitoes to breed. However the virus could spread if not contained upon arival. This will mean that as the temperature increases
across the globe- nations such as the UK, Canada and France will have to increase their capabilities to control the virus. Currently these nations are not equipped for an outbreak, an many contain large international airports where the outbreak is likely to start from. Secondly, a conscious effort needs to be made from the UN in collaboration with the World Health Organisation that if preventative measures are not taken soon, the outbreak will be harder to manage long term. This will involve more funding
into biomedical research, mosquito nets and better training of phsycians and medical staff (one of the leading issues is the misdiagnosis resulting in the Malaria remaining untreated). There will also need to be a partnership between the UN and nations within central and West Africa which will be the first to feel the effects of Malaria before it reaches the West and Asia. Lastly countries who share boarders with currently highly effected nations will need to improve precaustions and more carefully moniter the travel between nations, airports internationally will need to improve secuirty and screening for the disease.
The Spread of Malaria Malaria is already a huge killer across Africa, but an increase in temperature is only likely to see that grow. For every two degree (centigrade) change in temperature, mosquitos breed and feed at 4x the current rate. This will see the malaria endemic develop into a pandemic situation. Firstly, areas already effected, such as Central Africa will suffer further losses before the contamination spreads. The predicted temperature increase will make this impossible to contain within Africa, and will start initially being transmitted to neighbouring nations, as well as the larger international airports, such as Heathrow, Atlanta and Beijing. The malaria virus
will spread more aggressively in areas already of a hotter climate, cases in the northern hemisphere on the other hand, (especially northern Europe and Canada) will not suffer as the cooler climate will prevent infection and in some cases, prevent mosquitos breeding at all. Most of the affected areas will also be LEDC where treatment and management will be harder to achieve and in the case of Central and South America, the over
crowding will only act as a catalyst to the disease. This will also mean that cities, where the climate is often already hotter and living spaces are often smaller, the disease will spread more rapidly. Sources: The Commonwealth Health Ministers Update 2009, The United Nations Foundation, Wikipedia, The World Health Organisation, Malaria Atlas Project.
Sources: The UN, Commonwealth Health Ministers Update 2009, The United Nations Foundation, HM Treasury, The White House Budget.
OU TCOMES I think that evolution of this piece is highly sucessful, it is certainly a more creative and interesting piece that it started out with. Whilst research how countries could help prevent an outbreak turned out to be a lot more complicated than intended (the data didn’t exist) I think the two pieces work well in warning of the dangers of a hotter climate and inevitable increase in Malaria. If I was able to revist the pieces, I would like to see if I could use more colour, or create a thrid map showing the world at current to add perspective.
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Top left: The Spread of Malaria, a projection for the next 50 years, top right: Preventative Measures, show the reduced impact if a global effort was made to contain the disease.
R ISING SE A LE V ELS M ETHODOLOGIES The next stage was to stay with a subject I still had a lot of information on , and see how I could use previous advice to develop more high quality pieces. Rising sea levels are well document and easily researchable, but there are not a lot of good infographics on this, despite how important it is. I knew that this would be a good oppourtunity to creat ean inforgraphic using a map as I had seen McCandless do, but was also keen to somehow compare the issue on a smaller scale, such as how London or New York would be impacted- as both cities have such huge rivers. Whilst making the map, I realised that it didn’t really emphasize the millions of people that would be effected, so wanted to make another inforgraphic that could represent this. My aim had been to create pieces suitable for magazine or newspapers, which mean some reader would only skim over the image, so whatever was on there would have to stand out and gain the readers attention.
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By 2100, an estimated 50 million members of the chinese population will have relocated away from the coastline
Vietnam will have to relocate approximately 23 million people away from the low lying coastal areas.
Project 4 Rising Sea Levels Projected sea levels for 2050 Source: geology.com/sea-level-rise/
By 2100, an estimated 50 million members of the chinese population will have relocated away from the coastline
Vietnam will have to relocate approximately 23 million people away from the low lying coastal areas.
Japan will also be at risk, mostly on the southern island, where 12 million people we require relocating.
The effect of rising sea levels upon the Hudson and Thames rivers in New York and London, in 2050, 2100 and 2150. By 2050, the underground station networks in both cities will have to be rebuilt as many stations (such as Hoboken in New York and Blackfriars in London) will unusable as the rivers overflow. By 2150, the rivers will be as high as a two story buidling in New York and is predicted to see the steps of St Pauls flooded.
Rising Sea Levels Projected sea levels for 2050 Source: geology.com/sea-level-rise/
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Left: the initial maps showing the rising sea levels. Above: The Hudson and The Thames showing a 200 year water level rise on New York and London
http://www.climatehotmap.org/global-warming-effects/economy.html http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/
Japan will also be at risk, mostly on the southern island, where 12 million people we require relocating.
Rising Sea Levels
The effect of rising sea levels upon the Hudson and Thames rivers in New York and London, in 2050, 2100 and 2150. By 2050, the underground station networks in both cities will have to be rebuilt as many stations (such as Hoboken in New York and Blackfriars in London) will unusable as the rivers overflow. By 2150, the rivers will be as high as a two story buidling in New York and is predicted to see the steps of St Pauls flooded.
My final piece included two other infographics, a larger title and a sea icon to identify the piece.
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These diagrams represent the proportion of lives affected by a rise in sea levels both percentage and amount of people impacted. This is a forecast for the end of the century, and consequently some nations such as Sri Lanka and the Maldives, will already be underwater by then so don’t even come onto the list. Rising sea levels are not simply to affect countries and nations with a long coastline, as you can see the US feature neither in the most affect countries by population or percentage. Some of the most at risk countires will be those where the majority of the population live by the coast or rivers, or are simply low lying countries. For example, The Netherlands is an extremely low lying country. Half the country is at less than 1 metre above sea level, an eight of the country is already below sea level. Without drastic work to existing dams and flood prevention systems this economically and politically stron nation is likely to suffer huge losses.
Vietnam 23 000
Japan & India 12 000
Bangladesh & Indonesia 10 000
Thailand 8 000
China 55 500
Whilst China’s losses are huge in terms of numbers, the total is still on 4% of the country. China is also in a relatively strong position as not only a huge nation, so relocation isn’t an issue, the country also has a lot of mountainous regions that could be built up to keep civilians out the reach of rising sea levels.
Vietnam 26%
Source: The Weather Channel Website, Wikipedia
Thailand 12%
Japan 10%
Myanmar 9%
The Netherlands 47%
Nations Most at Risk These diagrams represent the proportion of lives affected by a rise in sea levels both percentage and amount of people impacted. This is a forecast for the end of the century, and consequently some nations such as Sri Lanka and the Maldives, will already be underwater by then so don’t even come onto the list. Rising sea levels are not simply to affect countries and nations with a long coastline, as you can see the US feature neither in the most affect countries by population or percentage. Some of the most at risk countires will be those where the majority of the population live by the coast or rivers, or are simply low lying countries. For example, The Netherlands is an extremely low lying country. Half the country is at less than 1 metre above sea level, an eight of the country is already below sea level. Without drastic work to existing dams and flood prevention systems this economically and politically stron nation is likely to suffer huge losses.
Vietnam 23 000
Japan & India 12 000
Bangladesh & Indonesia 10 000
Thailand 8 000
China 55 500
Whilst China’s losses are huge in terms of numbers, the total is still on 4% of the country. China is also in a relatively strong position as not only a huge nation, so relocation isn’t an issue, the country also has a lot of mountainous regions that could be built up to keep civilians out the reach of rising sea levels.
Vietnam 26%
Source: The Weather Channel Website, Wikipedia
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The Netherlands 47%
Thailand 12%
Japan 10%
Myanmar 9%
Nations Most at Risk
I developed the smaller infographic to emphasize how many people would be impacted by the rise in sea level. I wasn’t sure whether it made more of an impact to show countries by percent or by number, so I included both as a comparison. China, by far had the largest number affected at 55 500 people, but almost half of the population of The Netherlands would be impacted. Whilst I liked the original, it was very flat, so I added a shadow just so it wasn’t 2D. Something that had also been pointed out to me that whilst the colour scheme helped create a coherent look- almost branding the project, it wasn’t clear as to what each piece was about at first glance. Feedback showed that espeicially in the rising sea levels piece the eye drifted to the coloured images, not the title. Whilst adding a larger title and repositioning helped, icons had also been suggested. I felt that simple, 2D, monochrome icons would work better than elaborate ones. Above are represent the effect of climate change on Malaria, risings sea levels, and health, as those are the areas I wanted to create infographic peices for.
These diagrams represent the proportion of lives affected by a rise in sea levels both percentage and amount of people impacted. This is a forecast for the end of the century, and consequently some nations such as Sri Lanka and the Maldives, will already be underwater by then so don’t even come onto the list. Rising sea levels are not simply to affect countries and nations with a long coastline, as you can see the US feature neither in the most affect countries by population or percentage. Some of the most at risk countires will be those where the majority of the population live by the coast or rivers, or are simply low lying countries. For example, The Netherlands is an extremely low lying country. Half the country is at less than 1 metre above sea level, an eight of the country is already below sea level. Without drastic work to existing dams and flood prevention systems this economically and politically stron nation is likely to suffer huge losses.
China 55 500
Vietnam 23 000
Whilst China’s losses are huge in terms of numbers, the total is still on 4% of the country. China is also in a relatively strong position as not only a huge nation, so relocation isn’t an issue, the country also has a lot of mountainous regions that could be built up to keep civilians out the reach of rising sea levels.
https://www.skepticalscience.com http://geology.com/sea-level-rise/
Nations Most at Risk
Source: The Weather Channel Website, Wikipedia
The Netherlands 47%
Vietnam 23 000
Japan & Bangladesh & Thailand India Indonesia 8 000 12 000 10 000
Japan & Bangladesh & Thailand Indonesia 8 000 India 10 000 12 000
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For this project I also developed a short animation, which was key to fulfilling the multimedia aspect of the brief. I started by animating the script (which I’d written on how each person can make a difference to climate change) with a fading transitioning effect. Then, I added a 3D low poly wave, to demonstrate the rising sea levels. All of this was completed in Cinema4D.
Left: the nations most at reisk shown my number and percentage and above: the icons representing Malaria, rising sea levels, and health.
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Another part of my brief was to create an animation. This was important in fulfilling the multimedia aspect of my brief, and demonstrating a range of skills. I started by scripting out the animation, and working on a smooth transitioning between text. I really enjoyed the low poly look we had experimented with last semester so made a simple wave that would flow across the page to highlight rising sea levels. Whilst still a work in progress, I would like to see if this can be developed to a more proffesional standard to create multi-disciplinary collection of works.
E VA L U A T I O N I feel that this is a strong piece that can be developed further but has come a long way since it’s inception. I’m pleased with the maps, I feel the achieved the goal of forecasting the problem and a solution. I would like to continue working on the ‘Nations Most at Risk’ piece, but representing the countries with something other than circles, potentially small human icons. I think the weaknesses lie in the perhaps overly simplistic nature of these pieces, but I will continue working on them and devloping them as the module contunies. My strength in this series is the development, and I’m glad I was able to visualise information that isn’t currently availble.
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BIBL IO GR A PH Y
http://geology.com/sea-level-rise/
https://vimeo.com/3159162
http://ny.curbed.com/2015/2/18/9990794/future-new-york-city-will-be-hotter-partially-underwater
https://vimeo.com/76725119
http://feltron.com
https://vimeo.com/50102470
http://www.informationisbeautiful.net
https://vimeo.com/115961049
http://www.panynj.gov/path/hoboken-station.html
http://vimeo.com/68561316
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/world-malaria-day-2014-top-five-countries-most-affected-by-malaria-1445969
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/graduate/taught/degrees/climate-change
http://en.ird.fr/ird.fr/the-media-centre/scientific-newssheets/394-malaria-how-did-it-reach-the-americas
http://bumblebeeconservation.org/about-bees/why-bees-need-help/
http://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/main-organs/index.html
http://www.climatehotmap.org/global-warming-effects/economy.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/
http://www.who.int/topics/malaria/en/
http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/PDF/Outputs/ClimateChange/ CommonwealthHealthMinistersUpdate2009Githeko.pdf
http://www.map.ox.ac.uk http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/dutch-sea.htm
https://weather.com/science/environment/news/20-countries-most-risk-sea-level-rise-20140924 http://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/ https://www.foe.co.uk/sites/default/files/downloads/what-does-climate-change-mean-british-bees-46102. pdf http://www.climatecentral.org/news/us-with-10-feet-of-sea-level-rise-17428 https://www.skepticalscience.com
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