Foods with Benefits

Foods with Benefits The world’s healthiest foods

Edited by Anand Hurkadli

FOODS WITH BENEFITS the world’s healthiest foods

Foods with Benefits

Copyright Š 2010 by Anand Hurkadli All rights reserved Printed and bound in the United States of America 14 13 12 11 10 / 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 First Edition No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from the publisher.

Every reasonable attempt has been made to identify owners of copyright.

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book designer Anand Hurkadli primary typefaces ITC Legacy Sans Std, designed by Ronald Arnholm Adobe Jenson Pro, designed by Robert Slimbach

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Beets Cayenne Pepper Garlic Ginger Kale Lemon Parsley Sweet Potatoes Turmeric

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Chapter 1: Beets

Chapter 1

Beets The wild beet, the ancestor of the beet with which we are familiar today, is thought to have originated in prehistoric times in North Africa and grew wild along Asian and European seashores. In these earlier times, people exclusively ate the beet greens and not the roots. The ancient Romans were one of the first civilizations to cultivate beets to use their roots as food. The tribes that invaded Rome were responsible for spreading beets throughout northern Europe where they were first used for animal fodder and later for human consumption, becoming more popular in the 16th century.

Beets’ value grew in the 19th century when it was discovered that they were a concentrated source of sugar, and the first sugar factory was built in Poland. When access to sugar cane was restricted by the British, Napoleon decreed that the beet be used as the primary source of sugar, catalyzing its popularity. Around this time, beets were also first brought to the United States, where they now flourish. Today the leading commercial producers of beets include the United States, the Russian Federation, France, Poland, France and Germany.

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Foods with Benefits

Description Beets’ sweet taste reflects their high sugar content, which makes beets an important source for the production of refined sugar (yet, the beets that are used for sugar consumption are of a different type than the beets that you purchase in the store). Beet leaves have a lively, bitter taste similar to chard. The main ingredient in the traditional eastern European soup, borscht, beets are delicious eaten raw, but are more typically cooked or pickled.

Both beets and Swiss chard are different varieties within the same plant family (Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae) and their edible leaves share a resemblance in both taste and texture. Attached to the beet’s green leaves is a round or oblong root, the part conjured up in most people’s minds by the word “beet.” Although typically a beautiful reddish-purple hue, beets also come in varieties that feature white, golden/yellow or even rainbow color roots.

No matter what their color, however, beet roots aren’t as hardy as they look; the smallest bruise or puncture will cause red beets’ red-purple pigments (which contain a variety of phytonutrients including betalains and anthocyanins) to bleed, especially during cooking. Betalain pigments in beets are highly-water soluble, and they are also temperature sensitive. For both of these reasons, it is important to treat beets as a delicate food, even though they might seem “rock solid” and difficult to damage.

While beets are available throughout the year, their season runs from June through October when the youngest, most tender beets are easiest to find.

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The greens attached to the beet roots are delicious and can be prepared like spinach or Swiss chard. They are incredibly rich in nutrients, concentrated in vitamins and minerals as well as carotenoids such as beta-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin.

Chapter 1: Beets

Selection When selecting beets, choose small or medium-sized one whose roots are firm, smooth-skinned and deep in color. Smaller, younger beets may be so tender that peeling won’t be needed after they are cooked.

Avoid beets that have spots, bruises or soft, wet areas, all of which indicate spoilage. Shriveled or f labby should also be avoided as these are signs that the roots are aged, tough and fibrous.

While the quality of the greens does not reflect that of the roots, if you are going to consume this very nutritious part of the plant, look for greens that appear fresh, tender, and have a lively green color.

Store the unwashed greens in a separate plastic bag squeezing out as much of the air as possible. Place in refrigerator where they will keep fresh for about four days.

Cut the majority of the greens and their stems from the beet roots, so they do not pull away moisture away from the root. Leave about two inches of the stem attached to prevent the roots from “bleeding.” Do not wash beets before storing. Place in a plastic bag and wrap the bag tightly around the beets, squeezing out as much of the air from the bag as possible, and place in refrigerator where they will keep for up to 3 weeks.

Raw beets do not freeze well since they tend to become soft upon thawing. Freezing cooked beets is fine; they’ll retain their flavor and texture.

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Foods with Benefits

Benefits These colorful root vegetables contain powerful nutrient compounds that help protect against heart disease, birth defects and certain cancers, especially colon cancer.

Beets are unique in their rich combination of betalain pigments.

Both betacyanins (red-violet pigments) and betaxanthins (yellow pigments) can be found in beets. Betanin and vulgaxanthin are betalains that have gotten special attention in beet research.

In addition, beets are an excellent source of folate and a very good source of manganese, potassium, and copper. They are also a good source of dietary fiber, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin C, iron, and vitamin B6.

Nutrient DRI/DV folate

8

34

manganese

27.5

potassium

14.8

copper

14.4

fiber

13.6

magnesium

9.7

phosphorus

9.2

vitamin C

8.1

iron

7.4

vitamin B66

6.4

Chapter 1: Beets

Raw beet roots have a crunchy texture that turns soft and buttery when cooked.

Promote Optimal Health The pigments that give beets their rich colors are called betalains.

Many of the betalains function both as antioxidants and antiinf lammatory molecules. At the same time, they themselves are also very vulnerable to oxidation (change in structure due to interaction with oxygen). In addition to beets, rhubarb, chard, amaranth, prickly pear cactus, and Nopal cactus are examples of foods that contain betalains.

It’s interesting to note that humans appear to vary greatly in their response to dietary betalains. In the United States, only 1015% of adults are estimated to be “betalain responders.” A betalain responder is a person who has the capacity to absorb and metabolize enough betalains from beet (and other foods) to gain full antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and Phase 2 triggering benefits (Phase 2 is the second step in our cellular detoxification process).

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Foods with Benefits

Beetroot juice was found in one preliminary study to improve performance in athletes, possibly because of its abundance of nitrate.

“Beets provide antioxidant support in different ways than other antioxidant-rich vegetables.�

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Chapter 1: Beets

Antioxidant Benefits What’s most striking about beets is not the fact that they are rich in antioxidants; what’s striking is the unusual mix of antioxidants that they contain. We’re used to thinking about vegetables as rich in antioxidant carotenoids, and in particular, beta-carotene; among all well-studied carotenoids, none is more commonly occurring in vegetables than beta-carotene.

Beets demonstrate their antioxidant uniqueness by getting their red color primarily from betalain antioxidant pigments. Coupled with their status as a very good source of the antioxidant manganese and a good source of the antioxidant vitamin C, the unique phytonutrients in beets provide antioxidant support in a different way than other antioxidant-rich vegetables.

Support of Detoxification Betalain pigments present in beets have repeatedly been shown to support activity in our body’s Phase 2 detoxification process.

Phase 2 is the metabolic step that our cells use to hook activated, unwanted toxic substances up with small nutrient groups. This “hook up” effectively neutralizes the toxins and makes them sufficiently water-soluble for excretion in the urine. If you are a person who thinks about exposure to toxins and wants to give your body as much detox support as possible, beets are a food that belongs in your diet.

Anti-Inflammatory Benefits Many of the unique phytonutrients present in beets have been shown to function as anti-inflammatory compounds. Under most circumstances, when inf lammation is needed, this production of pro-inf lammatory messaging molecules is a good thing. However, under other circumstances, when the body is undergoing chronic, unwanted inflammation, production of these inflammatory messengers can make things worse. Several types of heart disease—including atherosclerosis—are characterized by chronic unwanted inflammation.

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Foods with Benefits

In addition to their unusual betalain and carotenoid phytonutrients, however, beets are also an unusual source of betaine. Betaine is a key body nutrient made from the B-complex vitamin, choline.

In and of itself, choline is a key vitamin for helping regulate inflammation in the cardiovascular system.

Preparation Foods belonging to the chenopod family — including beets, chard, spinach and quinoa — continue to show an increasing number of health benefits not readily available from other food families. It is recommend that you include foods from the chenopod family in your diet 1-2 times per week. In the case of a root food like beets, we recommend a serving size of at least one-half whole medium beet, and even more beneficial, at least 1 whole medium beet so that you can also benefit from their nutrient-rich greens.

It is often difficult to believe how the hardy, crunchy, often rough-looking exterior of raw beets can be completely transformed into something wonderfully soft and buttery once they are cooked.

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Chapter 1: Beets

The color of beets can be modified during the cooking process. Adding an acidic ingredient such as lemon juice or vinegar will brighten the color while an alkaline substance such as baking soda will often cause them to turn a deeper purple. Salt will blunt beets’ color, so add only at the end of cooking if needed.

To prepare beets for cooking, follow these steps.

1. Rinse the beets gently under cold running water, taking care not to tear the skin, which helps to keep the health-promoting pigments inside.

2. Cut beets into quarters leaving 2 inches of tap root and 1 inch of stem on the beets.

Cooking Cook beets lightly. Studies show beets’ concentration of phytonutrients, such as betalains, is diminished by heat. We recommend healthy steaming beets for 15 minutes to maximize their nutrition and flavor.

1. Fill the bottom of the steamer with 2 inches of water and bring to a rapid boil.

2. Add beets, cover, and steam for 15 minutes. Beets are cooked when you can easily insert a fork or the tip or knife into them.

3. Peel beets by setting them on a cutting board and rubbing the skin off with a paper towel. Wearing kitchen gloves will help prevent your hands from becoming stained.

4. Transfer to a bowl and serve.

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Chapter 1: Beets

Chapter 2

Cayenne Pepper It is not surprising that cayenne peppers as well as other chili peppers can trace their seven thousand year history to Central and South America, regions whose cuisines are renowned for their hot and spicy flavors. They have been cultivated in these regions for more than seven thousand years, first as a decorative item and later as a foodstuff and medicine.

However, it was not until the 15th and 16th centuries that cayenne and other chili peppers were introduced to the rest of the world.

Christopher Columbus encountered them on his explorations of the Caribbean Islands and brought them back to Europe where they were used as a substitute for black pepper, which was very expensive at that time since it had to be imported from Asia. The explorer Ferdinand Magellan is credited with introducing them into Africa and Asia, continents that since have incorporated them into their cuisines and their pharmacopeias. While cayenne

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Foods with Benefits

and chili peppers are now grown on all continents, today China, Turkey, Nigeria, Spain and Mexico are among the largest commercial producers.

Description Hot and spicy, cayenne pepper is available year round adding zest to flavorful dishes around the world and health to those brave enough to risk its fiery heat.

The cayenne pepper is a member of the Capsicum family of vegetables, which are more commonly known as chili peppers. It is known botanically as Capsicum annuum. The common name “cayenne” was actually given to this pepper because of its cultivation in a town that bears the same name in French Guiana on the northeast coast of South America.

“Cayenne pepper is available year round adding zest to flavorful dishes around the world and health to those brave enough to risk its fiery heat.”

Selection Even though dried herbs and spices are widely available in supermarkets, explore the local spice stores or ethnic markets in your area. Oftentimes, these stores feature an expansive selection of dried herbs and spices that are of superior quality and freshness than those offered in regular markets. Just like with other dried spices, try to select organically grown dried cayenne pepper since this will give you more assurance that it has not been irradiated.

Cayenne pepper should be kept in a tightly sealed glass jar, away from direct sunlight.

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Chapter 2: Cayenne Pepper

Most cultivated varieties of cayenne, Capsicum annuum, can be grown in a variety of locations and need approximately 100 days to mature.

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Foods with Benefits

Benefits The hotness produced by cayenne is caused by its high concentration of a substance called capsaicin. Capsaicin has been widely studied for its pain-reducing effects, its cardiovascular benefits, and its ability to help prevent ulcers. Capsaicin also effectively opens and drains congested nasal passages.

In addition to their high capsaicin content, cayenne peppers are also a very good source of vitamin A, through its concentration of carotenoids including beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is not only a potent antioxidant in its own right, but can be converted in the body to vitamin A, a nutrient essential for the health of all epithelial tissues (the tissues that line all body cavities including the respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts). It may therefore be helpful in reducing the symptoms of asthma, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, its antioxidant activity make it useful in preventing the free radical damage that can lead to atherosclerosis, colon cancer, and diabetic complications, like nerve damage and heart disease.

Cayenne pepper is a very good source of vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin B6. It is also a good source of dietary fiber, vitamin C, manganese, and vitamin K.

Nutrient DRI/DV

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vitamin B

65.2

vitamin A

49.9

vitamin E

7.1

fiber

3.9

vitamin C

3.6

manganese

3.5

vitamin K

3.2

Chapter 2: Cayenne Pepper

The hotter the chili pepper, the more capsaicin it contains. The hottest of these varieties include habanero and Scotch bonnet as well as cayenne peppers. Jalapenos are next in their heat and capsaicin content, followed by the milder varieties, including Spanish pimentos, and Anaheim and Hungarian cherry peppers.

Fight Inflammation All chili peppers, including cayenne, contain capsaicin, which in addition to giving cayenne its characteristic heat, is a potent inhibitor of substance P, which is a neuropeptide associated with inf lammatory processes.

Capsaicin is being studied as an effective treatment for sensory nerve fiber disorders, including pain associated with arthritis, psoriasis, and diabetic neuropathy. When animals injected with a substance that causes inflammatory arthritis were fed a diet that contained capsaicin, they had delayed onset of arthritis, and also significantly reduced paw inflammation.

Natural Pain Relief Topical capsaicin has been shown to be an effective treatment for cluster headaches and osteoarthritis pain. Several review studies of pain management for diabetic neuropathy have listed the benefits of topical capsaicin to alleviate disabling pain associated with this condition. The reported side effect is a burning sensation at the area of application.

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Foods with Benefits

Boost Immunity Cayenne peppers’ bright red color signals its high content of betacarotene or pro-vitamin A. Often called the anti-infection vitamin, vitamin A is essential for healthy epithelial tissues including the mucous membranes that line the nasal passages, lungs, intestinal tract and urinary tract and serve as the body’s first line of defense against invading pathogens.

Cardiovascular Benefits Cayenne and other red chili peppers have been shown to reduce blood cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and platelet aggregation, while increasing the body’s ability to dissolve fibrin, a substance integral to the formation of blood clots. Cultures where hot peppers like cayenne are used liberally have a much lower rate of heart attack, stroke and pulmonary embolism.

Cayenne is a popular spice in a variety of cuisines. It is employed variously in its fresh form, dried and powdered, and as dried flakes. It is also a key ingredient in a variety of hot sauces, particularly those employing vinegar as a preservative.

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Chapter 2: Cayenne Pepper

Clear Congestion Capsaicin not only reduces pain, but its peppery heat also stimulates secretions that help clear mucus from your stuffed up nose or congested lungs. Capsaicin is similar to a compound found in many cold remedies for breaking up congestion, except that capsaicin works much faster. A tea made with hot cayenne pepper very quickly stimulates the mucus membranes lining the nasal passages to drain, helping to relieve congestion and stuffiness.

Prevent Stomach Ulcers Chili peppers like cayenne have a bad—and undeserved—reputation for contributing to stomach ulcers. Not only do they not cause ulcers, these hot peppers may help prevent them by killing bacteria you may have ingested, while powerfully stimulating the cells lining the stomach to secrete protective buffering juices that prevent ulcer formation.

Lose Weight All that heat you feel after eating hot chili peppers takes energy and calories to produce. Even sweet red peppers have been found to contain substances that significantly increase thermogenesis (heat production) and oxygen consumption for more than 20 minutes after they are eaten.

Preparation llKeep a container of cayenne on the table right next to the pepper mill, so you and your family can add a pinch of extra spice to any of your meals. llGive your hot cocoa a traditional Mexican f lair by adding a tiny bit of cayenne pepper. llCanned beans take on a whole new dimension when cayenne is added to them. llCayenne and lemon juice make great complements to cooked bitter greens such as collards, kale and mustard greens.

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Chapter 1: Beets

Chapter 3

Garlic Native to central Asia, garlic is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world and has been grown for over 5000 years. Ancient Egyptians seem to have been the first to cultivate this plant that played an important role in their culture.

Garlic was not only associated with sacred qualities and placed in the tomb of Pharaohs, but it was also given to the slaves that built the Pyramids to enhance their endurance and strength. This tradition was also honored by the ancient Greeks and Romans, civilizations whose athletes ate garlic before sporting events and whose soldiers consumed it before going off to war.

Garlic was introduced into various regions throughout the globe by migrating cultural tribes and explorers. By the 6th century BC, garlic was known in both China and India, the latter country using it for therapeutic purposes.

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Foods with Benefits

Throughout the millennia, garlic has been a beloved plant in many cultures for both its culinary and medicinal properties. Over the last few years, it has gained popularity due to the work of researchers who have been scientifically validating its numerous health benefits.

Currently, China, South Korea, India, Spain and the United States are among the top commercial producers of garlic.

Throughout the millennia, garlic has been a beloved plant in many cultures for both its culinary and medicinal properties.

Description For a small vegetable, garlic is guaranteed to transform any meal into a bold, aromatic, and healthy culinary experience. Garlic, or Allium sativum, is a member of the Lily family and is a cousin to onions, leeks and chives.

Garlic is arranged in a head, called a “bulb,� which averages about 2 inches in height and diameter and consists of numerous small separate cloves. Both the cloves and the entire bulb are encased in paper-like sheathes that can be white, off-white, or have a pink/ purple hue. Although garlic cloves have a firm texture, they can be easily cut or crushed. The taste of garlic is like no other—it hits the palate with a hot pungency that is shadowed by a very subtle background sweetness. While elephant garlic has larger cloves, it is more closely related to the leek and therefore does not offer the full health benefits of regular garlic.

Fresh, dried and powdered garlic are available in markets throughout the year, however, fresh varieties from California are in season from June through December.

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Chapter 3: Garlic

Selection Choose garlic that is plump and has unbroken skin. Then, gently squeeze the garlic bulb between your fingers to check that it feels firm and is not damp.

Avoid garlic that is soft, shriveled, and moldy or that has begun to sprout. These may be indications of decay that will cause inferior flavor and texture. Size is often not an indication of quality. If your recipe calls for a large amount of garlic, remember that it is always easier to peel and chop a few larger cloves than many smaller ones.

Fresh garlic is available in the market throughout the year.

Store fresh garlic in either an uncovered (or a loosely covered container) in a cool, dark place away from exposure to heat and sunlight. This will help maintain freshness and help prevent any of them from sprouting, which reduces its f lavor and causes excess waste. It is not necessary to refrigerate garlic. Some people freeze peeled garlic; however, this process reduces its f lavor profile and changes its texture.

Depending upon its age and variety, whole garlic bulbs will keep fresh for about a month if stored properly. You should, however, inspect the bulb frequently and remove any cloves that appear to be dried out or moldy. Once you break the head of garlic, it greatly reduces its shelf life to just a few days.

Garlic is traditionally hung; softneck varieties are often braided in strands called plaits or grappes.

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Foods with Benefits

Benefits The sulfur compounds in garlic are some of its most unique nutrients. There are literally dozens of well-studied sulfur molecules in garlic, and virtually all of them have been shown to function as antioxidants. In addition, many of them provide us with antiinflammatory benefits. The very presence of sulfur in many garlic compounds may also play an important role in our nourishment.

Additionally, garlic is an excellent source of manganese and vitamin B6. It is also a very good source of vitamin C and copper. In addition, garlic is a good source of selenium, phosphorus, vitamin B1, and calcium.

Whole books have been written about garlic, an herb affectionately called “the stinking rose� in light of its numerous therapeutic benefits. Garlic is rich in a variety of powerful sulfur-containing compounds including thiosulfinates (allicin), sulfoxides (alliin), and dithiins (ajoene). While these compounds are responsible for garlic’s characteristically pungent odor, they are also the source of many of its health-promoting effects.

Nutrient DRI/DV manganese

26

15

vitamin B

13.3

vitamin B6

12.9

vitamin C

7.4

copper

5.5

selenium

4.6

phosphorus

3.9

calcium

3.2

Chapter 1: Beets

Garlic is a member of the Allium family, which also includes onions, chives and leeks.

When thinking about the sulfur compounds in garlic, it is important to remember that sulfur itself is a key part of our health.

Several research studies have noted that the average U.S. diet may be deficient in sulfur, and that foods rich in sulfur may be especially important for our health. In addition to all of the many sulfur-related compounds listed above, garlic is an excellent source of manganese and vitamin B6, a very good source of vitamin C, and a good source of selenium.

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Foods with Benefits

Cardiovascular Benefits Studies on garlic show this allium vegetable to have important cardioprotective properties. Garlic is clearly able to lower our blood triglycerides and total cholesterol, even though this reduction can be moderate (5-15%).

But cholesterol and triglyceride reduction are by no means garlic’s most compelling benefits when it comes to cardioprotection.

Those top-level benefits clearly come in the form of blood cell and blood vessel protection from inflammatory and oxidative stress.

Damage to blood vessel linings by highly reactive oxygen molecules is a key factor for increasing our risk of cardiovascular problems, including heart attack and atherosclerosis. Oxidative damage also leads to unwanted inf lammation, and it is this combination of this inflammation and oxidative stress that puts our blood vessels at risk of unwanted plaque formation and clogging. Garlic and its unique set of sulfur-containing compounds helps protect us against both possibilities—oxidative stress and inflammation.

What is equally impressive about garlic is its ability to lower blood pressure. Researchers have known for about 10 years that garlic is able to help prevent unwanted contraction of our blood vessels and unwanted increases in blood pressure. More recently, however, researchers have found that garlic supports our blood pressure in a second and totally different way. Garlic helps control our blood pressure by triggering dilation of our blood vessels. When the space inside our blood vessels expands in this manner, our blood pressure gets reduced.

In addition to the ability of garlic to help prevent our blood vessels from becoming blocked, this vegetable may also be able to help prevent clots from forming inside of our blood vessels.

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Chapter 3: Garlic

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Foods with Benefits

Garlic has been used as both food and medicine in many cultures for thousands of years, dating at least as far back as when the Giza pyramids were built.

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Antibacterial and Antiviral Benefits From a medical standpoint, the antibacterial and antiviral properties of garlic are perhaps its most legendary feature. This allium vegetable and its constituents have been studied not only for their benefits in controlling infection by bacteria and viruses, but also infection from other microbes including yeasts/fungi and worms.

Very recent research has shown the ability of crushed fresh garlic to help prevent infection by the bacterium Pseudo-monas aeruginosa in burn patients. Also of special interest has been the ability

Chapter 3: Garlic

of garlic to help in the treatment of bacterial infections that are difficult to treat due to the presence of bacteria that have become resistant to prescription antibiotics.

Cancer Prevention Research on the allium vegetables—including garlic—shows that these vegetables have important anti-cancer properties. Interestingly, high intake of garlic (roughly translated as daily intake of this food) has been found to lower risk of virtually all cancer types except cancer of the prostate and breast cancer. However, moderate intake of garlic has been repeatedly found to lower risk of only two cancer types—colorectal and renal cancer. This difference between “high” versus “moderate” garlic intake may be a real difference that suggests we all need to eat more garlic if we want to maximize its cancer-related benefits. Or it may be a difference that is more related to research complications involving the options given to research participants when reporting their food intake.

“From a medical standpoint, the antibacterial and antiviral properties of garlic are perhaps its most legendary feature.”

Iron Metabolism Recent research has shown that garlic may be able to improve our metabolism of iron. When iron is stored up in our cells, one of the key passageways for it to be moved out of the cell and returned into circulation involves a protein called ferroportin. Ferroportin is protein that runs across the cell membrane, and it provides a bridge for iron to cross over and leave the cell. Garlic may be able to increase our body’s production of ferroportin, and in this way, help keep iron in circulation as it is needed.

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Foods with Benefits

For maximum flavor and nutritional benefits, always purchase fresh garlic.

Although other forms may be more convenient, you will derive less culinary and health benefits from them.

Preparation The first step to using garlic is to separate the individual cloves.

An easy way to do this is to place the bulb on a cutting board or hard surface and gently, but firmly, apply pressure with the palm of your hand at an angle. This will cause the layers of skin that hold the bulb together to separate.

Peel garlic with a knife or alternatively, separate the skin from the individual cloves by placing a clove with the smooth side down on a cutting board and gently tapping it with the flat side of a wide knife. You can then remove the skin either with your fingers or with a small knife. If there is a green sprout in the clove’s center, gently remove it since it is difficult to digest.

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Chapter 3: Garlic

Chopping or crushing stimulates the enzymatic process that converts the phytonutrient alliin into allicin, a compound to which many of garlic’s health benefits are attributed. In order to allow for maximal allicin production, wait at least 5 minutes before eating or cooking the garlic. Also observe this 5-minute “time out” period before adding any high acidic ingredient to the garlic (for example, lemon juice). Ingredients with a pH below 3.5 can also deactivate the enzymatic process.

Since crushing and chopping are the food preparation steps that activate garlic’s enzymes, these steps can help you obtain many of garlic’s special benefits. For example, research has shown that microwaving or boiling garlic in uncrushed, whole clove form will deactivate its enzymes, preventing these enzymes from working.

For this reason, we recommend that you chop or crush the garlic cloves prior to heating. According to research on garlic preparation methods, it only takes 60 seconds of microwaving whole cloves to lessen some of garlic’s health benefits. By contrast, many of garlic’s health benefits (including its anti-cancer properties) are preserved if the whole cloves are crushed and allowed to sit for 10 minutes prior to cooking.

Garlic powder has a different taste from fresh garlic. If used as a substitute for fresh garlic, 1/8 teaspoon of garlic powder is equivalent to one clove of garlic.

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Foods with Benefits

“Garlic is a wonderful way to add aroma, taste, and added nutrition to your dishes.”

Cooking With their unique combination of flavonoids and sulfur-containing nutrients, allium vegetables—such as garlic—belong in your diet on a regular basis. There’s research evidence for including at least one serving of an allium vegetable—such as garlic—in your meal plan every day. If you’re choosing garlic as your allium family vegetable, try to include at least 1/2 clove in your individual food portion. If you are adding garlic to a recipe, we recommend at least 1-2 cloves.

Garlic is a wonderful seasoning to add aroma, taste, and added nutrition to your dishes. Using raw chopped or pressed garlic is recommended to take advantage of the benefits derived from garlic.

However, if you cannot tolerate raw garlic, you can add chopped garlic to foods while they are cooking. It is best to add it towards the end of the cooking process to retain the maximum amount of flavor and nutrition.

Serving Ideas llPurée fresh garlic, canned garbanzo beans, tahini, olive oil and lemon juice to make quick and easy hummus dip. llHealthy Sauté steamed spinach, garlic, and fresh lemon juice. llAdd garlic to sauces and soups. llPurée roasted garlic, cooked potatoes and olive oil together to make delicious garlic mashed potatoes. Season to taste.

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Chapter 3: Garlic

If you would like to combine garlic with oil, it is recommend that you avoid high-temperature heating of this oil-garlic mixture. Keeping the heat at a temperature of 250F/121C or lower will help preserve the health benefits of both the garlic and the oil. This same principle applies to the oven roasting of garlic bulbs themselves. The 350F/177C temperature range that you will find in many recipes and on many websites is not recommended. A lower temperature is needed to help preserve health-protective compounds in garlic.

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Chapter 1: Beets

Chapter 4

Ginger Native to southeastern Asia, a region whose cuisines still feature this wonderfully spicy herb, ginger has been renowned for millennia in many areas throughout the world. Ginger is mentioned in ancient Chinese, Indian and Middle Eastern writings, and has long been prized for its aromatic, culinary and medicinal properties. After the ancient Romans imported ginger from China almost two thousand years ago, its popularity in Europe remained centered in the Mediterranean region until the Middle Ages when its use spread throughout other countries. Although it was a very expensive spice, owing to the fact that it had to be imported from Asia, it was still in great demand. In an attempt to make it more available, Spanish explorers introduced ginger to the West Indies, Mexico and South America, and in the 16th century, these areas began exporting the precious herb back to Europe.

Today, the top commercial producers of ginger include Jamaica, India, Fiji, Indonesia and Australia.

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Foods with Benefits

Description The spice ginger is the underground rhizome of the ginger plant, known botanically as Zingiber officinale. The plant’s botanical name is thought to be derived from its Sanskrit name singabera which means “horn shaped,� a unique physical characteristic that ginger reflects.

The f lesh of the ginger rhizome can be yellow, white or red in color, depending upon the variety. It is covered with a brownish skin that may either be thick or thin, depending upon whether the plant was harvested when it was mature or young. The ginger rhizome has a firm, yet striated texture and a taste that is aromatic, pungent and hot.

Selection Fresh ginger root can be found in the produce section of markets.

When purchasing fresh ginger root, make sure it is firm, smooth and free of mold. Ginger is generally available in two forms, either young or mature. Mature ginger, the more widely available type, has a tough skin that requires peeling while young ginger, usually only available in Asian markets, does not need to be peeled.

Even through dried herbs and spices like ginger powder are widely available in supermarkets, you may want to explore the local spice stores in your area. Oftentimes, these stores feature an expansive selection of dried herbs and spices that are of superior quality and freshness than those offered in regular markets.

Fresh ginger can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 3 weeks if it is left unpeeled. Sto red unpeeled in the freezer, it will keep for up to six months. Dried ginger powder should be kept in a tightly sealed glass container in a cool, dark and dry place. Alternatively, you can store it in the refrigerator where it will enjoy an extended shelf life of about one year.

Ginger is also available in several other forms including crystallized, candied and pickled ginger.

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Chapter 4: Ginger

Whenever you are able to, choose fresh ginger over the dried or powdered form of the spice since it is not only superior in flavor but contains higher levels of gingerol as well as ginger’s active protease (it’s anti-inflammatory compound).

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Foods with Benefits

Modern scientific research has revealed that ginger possesses numerous therapeutic properties including antioxidant effects, an ability to inhibit the formation of inflammatory compounds, and direct anti-inflammatory effects.

Benefits Historically, ginger has a long tradition of being very effective in alleviating symptoms of gastrointestinal distress. In herbal medicine, ginger is regarded as an excellent carminative (a substance which promotes the elimination of intestinal gas) and an excellent intestinal spasmolytic (a substance which relaxes and soothes the intestinal tract).

40

Chapter 4: Ginger

Gastrointestinal Relief A clue to ginger’s success in eliminating gastrointestinal distress is offered by recent double-blind studies, which have demonstrated that ginger is very effective in preventing the symptoms of motion sickness, especially seasickness. In fact, in one study, ginger was shown to be far superior to Dramamine, a commonly used overthe-counter and prescription drug for motion sickness. Ginger can reduce all of the symptoms associated with motion sickness including dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and cold sweating.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects Ginger contains very potent anti-inflammatory compounds which are called gingerols. These substances are believed to explain why so many people with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis experience reductions in their pain levels and improvements in their mobility when they consume ginger regularly.

Immune Boosting Action Ginger can not only be warming on a cold day, but can help promote healthy sweating, which is often helpful during colds and f lus. A good sweat may do a lot more than simply assist in detoxification. German researchers have recently dicovered that sweat contains a potent germ-fighting agent that may help fight off infections. Investigators have isolated the gene responsible for the compound and the protein it produces, which they have named dermicidin. This compound is manufactured in the body’s sweat glands, secreted into the sweat, and transported to the skin’s surface where it provides protection against invading bacteria.

“Ginger has a long tradition of being very effective in alleviating symptoms of gastrointestinal distress.”

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Foods with Benefits

Ginger is so concentrated with active substances, you don’t have to use very much to receive its beneficial effects. For nausea, ginger tea made by steeping one or two 1/2-inch slices (one 1/2-inch slice equals 2/3 of an ounce) of fresh ginger in a cup of hot water will likely be all you need to settle your stomach. For arthritis, some people have found relief from its symptoms consuming as little as a 1/4-inch slice of fresh ginger cooked in food. It should be noted, however, that patients who consumed more ginger did report quicker and more effective relief.

Preparation To remove the skin from fresh mature ginger, peel with a paring knife. The ginger can then be sliced, minced or julienned. The taste that ginger imparts to a dish depends upon when it is added during the cooking process. Added at the beginning, it will lend a subtler flavor while added near the end, it will deliver a far more pungent taste.

Serving Ideas llAdd extra inspiration to your rice side dishes by sprinkling grated ginger, sesame seeds and nori strips on top. llCombine ginger, soy sauce, olive oil and garlic to make a wonderful salad dressing. llAdd ginger and orange juice to purĂŠed sweet potatoes. llAdd grated ginger to your favorite stuffing for baked apples. llSpice up your healthy sautĂŠed vegetables by adding freshly minced ginger.

You can make ginger lemonade by simply combining freshly grated ginger, lemon juice, cane juice or honey and water.

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Chapter 4: Ginger

Fresh ginger can easily be substituted for ground ginger at a ratio of 6 to 1, although the f lavors of fresh and dried zginger are somewhat different. Powdered dry ginger root is typically used as a flavoring for recipes such as gingerbread, cookies, crackers and cakes, ginger ale, and ginger beer.

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Chapter 1: Beets

Chapter 5

Kale Like broccoli, cauliflower, and collards, kale is a descendent of the wild cabbage, a plant thought to have originated in Asia Minor and to have been brought to Europe around 600 B.C. by groups of Celtic wanderers. Curly kale played an important role in early European foodways, having been a significant crop during ancient Roman times and a popular vegetable eaten by peasants in the Middle Ages. English settlers brought kale to the United States in the 17th century.

Both ornamental and dinosaur kale are much more recent varieties. Dinosaur kale was discovered in Italy in the late 19th century.

Ornamental kale, originally a decorative garden plant, was first cultivated commercially as in the 1980s in California. Ornamental kale is now better known by the name salad savoy.

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Foods with Benefits

The leaves of the kale plant provide an earthy flavor and more nutritional value for fewer calories than almost any other food around.

Although it can be found in markets throughout the year, it is in season from the middle of winter through the beginning of spring when it has a sweeter taste and is more widely available.

Description Kale is easy to grow and can grow in colder temperatures where a light frost will produce especially sweet kale leaves. There are several varieties of kale; these include curly kale, ornamental kale, and dinosaur (or Lacinato or Tuscan) kale, all of which are different in taste, texture, and appearance. llCurly kale has ruffled leaves and a fibrous stalk and is usually deep green in color. It has a lively pungent f lavor with delicious bitter peppery qualities. llOrnamental kale is a more recently cultivated species that is often times referred to as salad savoy. Its thick leaves may either be green, white, or purple and its stalks coalesce to form a loosely knit head. Ornamental kale has a more mellow f lavor and tender texture. llDinosaur kale is the common name for the variety known as Lacinato or Tuscan kale. It features dark blue-green leaves that have an embossed texture. It has a slightly sweeter and more delicate taste than curly kale.

Kale is a leafy green vegetable that belongs to the Brassica family, a group of vegetables that includes cabbage, collards, and Brussels sprouts that have gained widespread attention due to their healthpromoting phytonutrients.

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Chapter 1: Beets

Selection Look for kale with firm, deeply colored leaves and moist hardy stems. Kale should be displayed in a cool environment since warm temperatures will cause it to wilt and will hurt its f lavor. The leaves should look fresh, be unwilted, and be free from signs of browning, yellowing, and small holes. Choose kale with smallersized leaves since these will be more tender and have a more mild flavor than those with larger leaves. Kale is available throughout the year, although it is more widely available, and at its peak, from the middle of winter through the beginning of spring.

Today one may differentiate between varieties of kale according to the low, intermediate, or high length of the stem, with varying leaf types. The leaf colours range from light green through green, dark green and violet-green to violet-brown.

To store, place kale in a plastic storage bag removing as much of the air from the bag as possible. Store in the refrigerator where it will keep for 5 days. The longer it is stored, the more bitter its flavor becomes. Do not wash kale before storing because exposure to water encourages spoilage.

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Foods with Benefits

Benefits While not as well researched as some of its fellow cruciferous vegetables like broccoli or cabbage, kale is a food that you can count on for some unsurpassed health benefits, if for no other reason than its exceptional nutrient richness.

Nutrient DRI/DV vitamin K

1180.1

vitamin A

590.2

vitamin C

71

vitamin B

34

manganese

48

27

vitamin B

26.9

copper

22.2

vitamin B6

10.5

fiber

10.4

calcium

9.3

potassium

8.4

vitamin E

7.4

iron

6.5

magnesium

5.8

omega-3 fats

5.4

phosphorus

5.2

protein

4.9

folate

4.2

Chapter 5: Kale

Antioxidant-Related Health Benefits Like most of its fellow cruciferous vegetables, kale has been studied more extensively in relationship to cancer than any other health condition. This research focus makes perfect sense. Kale’s nutrient richness stands out in three particular areas: 1. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients 2. Much-needed micronutrients 3. Cancer-preventive nutrients called glucosinolates Without sufficient intake of antioxidants, our oxygen metabolism can become compromised, and we can experience a metabolic problem called “oxidative stress.” Without sufficient intake of antiinflammatory nutrients, regulation of our inflammatory system can become compromised, and we can experience the problem of chronic inflammation.

Kale’s cancer preventive benefits have been linked to its unusual concentration of two types of antioxidants, namely, carotenoids and flavonoids. Within the carotenoids, lutein and beta-carotene are standout antioxidants in kale. Researchers have actually followed the passage of these two carotenoids in kale from the human digestive tract up into the blood stream, and they have demonstrated the ability of kale to raise blood levels of these carotenoid nutrients. That finding is important because lutein and betacarotene are key nutrients in the protection of our body from oxidative stress and health problems related to oxidative stress.

Increased risk of cataracts, atherosclerosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are three such problems.

Kale is a source of indole-3-carbinol, a chemical which boosts DNA repair in cells and appears to block the growth of cancer cells.

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Foods with Benefits

Anti-Inflammatory Health Benefits The omega-3s in kale are an important part of its anti-inflammatory benefits. It only takes 100 calories of kale to provide over 350 milligrams for the most basic omega-3 fatty acid (alpha-linolenic acid, or ALA).

Kale is a spectacular source of vitamin K (one cup of kale provides far more micrograms of vitamin K than any of the others in this book) and vitamin K is a key nutrient for helping regulate our body’s inflammatory process. Taken in combination, this lowers risk of chronic inflammation and associated health problems.

Cardiovascular Support You can count on kale to provide valuable cardiovascular support in terms of its cholesterol-lowering ability. Researchers now understand exactly how this support process works. Our liver uses cholesterol as a basic building block to product bile acids. Bile acids are specialized molecules that aid in the digestion and absorption of fat through a process called emulsification. These molecules are typically stored in fluid form in our gall bladder, and when we eat a fat-containing meal, they get released into the intestine where they can help ready the fat for interaction with enzymes and eventual absorption up into the body. When we eat kale, fiber-related nutrients in this cruciferous vegetable bind together with some of the bile acids in the intestine in such a way that they simply stay inside the intestine and pass out of our body

Kale is a key ingredient to many green raw food smoothies.

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Chapter 5: Kale

in a bowel movement, rather than getting absorbed along with the fat they have emulsified. When this happens, our liver needs to replace the lost bile acids by drawing upon our existing supply of cholesterol, and, as a result, our cholesterol level drops down.

Kale provides us with this cholesterol-lowering benefit whether it is raw or cooked. However, a recent study has shown that the cholesterol-lowering ability of raw kale improves significantly when it is steamed. In fact, when the cholesterol-lowering ability of steamed kale was compared with the cholesterol-lowering ability of the prescription drug cholestyramine (a medication that is taken for the purpose of lowering cholesterol), kale bound 42% as many bile acids (based on a standard of comparison involving total dietary fiber). Amongst all of the cruciferous vegetables, only collard greens scored higher at 46%.

Other Health-Related Benefits Kale has a definite role to play in support of the body’s detoxification processes. The isothiocyanates (ITCs) made from kale’s glucosinolates have been shown to help regulate detox activities in our cells. Most toxins that pose a risk to our body must be detoxified by our cells using a two-step process. The two steps in the process are called Phase I detoxification and Phase II detoxification. The ITCs made from kale’s glucosinolates have been shown to favorably modify both detox steps (Phase I and Phase II).

In addition, the large numbers of sulfur compounds in kale have been shown to help support aspects of Phase II detoxification

“You can count on kale to provide valuable cardiovascular support in terms of its cholesterol-lowering ability.”

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Foods with Benefits

In the Southern United States, kale is often served braised, either alone or mixed with other greens, such as collard, mustard, or turnip.

that require the presence of sulfur. By supporting both aspects of our cellular detox process (Phase I and Phase II), kale can give our body an edge in dealing with toxic exposure, whether from our environment or from our food.

Preparation First, rinse kale leaves under cold running water. Then, chop leaf portion into 1/2” slices and the stems into 1/4” lengths for quick and even cooking.

To get the most health benefits from kale, let it sit for a minimum of 5 minutes before cooking. In addition, sprinkling the kale with lemon juice before letting it sit can further enhance its beneficial phytonutrient concentration.

We recommend Healthy Steaming kale for maximum nutrition and flavor.

1. Fill the bottom of a steamer pot with 2 inches of water.

2. While waiting for the water to come to a rapid boil, chop all of the greens.

3. Steam for 5 minutes and toss with dressing and top with your favorite optional ingredients.

A Few Quick Serving Ideas llBraise chopped kale and apples. Before serving, and sprinkle with balsamic vinegar and chopped walnuts. llCombine chopped kale, pine nuts, and feta cheese with whole grain pasta drizzled with olive oil.

Kale freezes well and actually tastes sweeter and more f lavourful after being exposed to a frost.

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Chapter 1: Beets

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Chapter 1: Beets

Chapter 6

Lemons Lemons were originally developed as a cross between the lime and the citron and are thought to have originated in China or India, having been cultivated in these regions for about 2,500 years. Their first introduction to Europe was by Arabs who brought them to Spain in the 11th century around the same time that they were introduced into Northern Africa. The Crusaders, who found the fruit growing in Palestine, are credited with bringing the lemon to other countries across Europe. Like many other fruits and vegetables, lemons were brought to the Americas by Christopher Columbus in his second voyage to the New World in 1493, and have been grown in Florida since the 16th century.

Lemons, like other vitamin-C rich fruits, were highly prized by the miners and developers during the California Gold Rush in the mid-19th century, since they were used to protect against the development of scurvy. They were in such demand that people were willing to pay up to $1 per lemon, a price that would still be considered costly today and was extremely expensive back in 1849.

The major producers of lemons today are the United States, Italy, Spain, Greece, Israel and Turkey.

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Foods with Benefits

The Meyer lemon is a cross between a lemon and an orange. Thin-skinned and slightly less acidic than other lemons, they have a thin rind, require more care when shipping and are not widely grown on a commercial basis.

Description Lemons, scientifically referred to as Citrus limon, are more commonly known as the fruit that evokes images of sunshine and the sweet smiles of children standing roadside at their homemade lemonade stands.

Lemons are oval in shape and feature a yellow, textured outer peel. Like other citrus fruits, their inner f lesh is encased in segments, with the average lemon having eight to ten.

While most lemons are tart, acidic and astringent, they are also surprisingly refreshing. The two main types of sour lemons are the Eureka and the Lisbon. The Eureka generally has more texturized skin, a short neck at one end and a few seeds, while the Lisbon has smoother skin, no neck and is generally seedless. In addition to these sour lemons, there are also some varieties that are sweet in flavor. One notable example is the Meyer lemon that is becoming more popular in both markets and restaurants.

Selection For the most antioxidants, choose fully ripened lemons. Research conducted at the University of Innsbruck in Austria suggests that as fruits fully ripen, almost to the point of spoilage, their antioxidant levels actually increase.

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Chapter 6: Lemons

One of the tricks to finding a good quality lemon is to find one that is rather thin-skinned since those with thicker peels will have less f lesh and therefore be less juicy. Therefore, choose lemons that are heavy for their size and that feature peels that have a finely grained texture. They should be fully yellow in color as those that have green tinges will be more acidic due to the fact that they have not fully ripened. Signs of over mature lemons include wrinkling, soft or hard patches and dull coloring. Fresh lemons are available all year round.

Lemons will stay fresh kept at room temperature (as long as they are away from exposure to sunlight) for about one week.

If you will not be using them within this time period, you can always store the lemons in the refrigerator crisper where they will keep for about four weeks.

Lemon juice and zest can also be stored for later use. Place freshly squeezed lemon juice in ice cube trays until frozen, subsequently storing them in plastic bags in the freezer. Dried lemon zest should be stored in a cool and dry place in an airtight glass container.

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Foods with Benefits

Benefits Lemons and limes are excellent sources of vitamin C and a good source of folate.

Nutrient DRI/DV vitamin C folate

31.4 3

Phytonutrients with Antioxidant and Antibiotic Effects Like many of the fruits and vegetables that are featured in this book, lemons and limes contain unique flavonoid compounds that have antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. In addition to their unique phytonutrient properties, lemons and limes are an excellent source of vitamin C, one of the most important antioxidants in nature. Vitamin C is one of the main antioxidants found in food and the primary water-soluble antioxidant in the body. Vitamin C travels through the body neutralizing any free radicals with which it comes into contact in the aqueous environments in the body both inside and outside cells. Free radicals can interact with the healthy cells of the body, damaging them and their membranes, and also cause a lot of inflammation, or painful swelling, in the body. This is one of the reasons that vitamin C has been shown to be helpful for reducing some of the symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Since free radicals can damage blood vessels and can change cholesterol to make it more likely to build up in artery walls, vitamin C can be helpful for preventing the development and progression of atherosclerosis and diabetic heart disease.

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Chapter 6: Lemons

Vitamin C is also vital to the function of a strong immune system.

The immune system’s purpose is to protect you from illness, so a little extra vitamin C may be useful in conditions like colds, flus, and recurrent ear infections.

Supports Optimal Health In animal studies and laboratory tests with human cells, compounds in citrus fruits, including lemons, have been shown to help fight cancers of the mouth, skin, lung, breast, stomach and colon.

Now, scientists from the US Agricultural Research Service (ARS) have shown that our bodies can readily absorb and utilize a very long-acting limonoid called limonin that is present is citrus fruits in about the same amount as vitamin C.

Research shows that consumption of vegetables and fruits high in Vitamin C is associated with a reduced risk of death from all causes including heart disease, stroke and cancer.

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Foods with Benefits

If you are using lemon zest, be sure that you use fruit that is organically grown since conventionally grown fruits may have pesticide residues on their skin.

60

Preparation Lemons are often called for in recipes in the form of juice. As they will produce more juice when warmer, always juice them when they are at room temperature or place them in a bowl of warm water for several minutes. Rolling them under the palm of your hand on a flat surface will also help to extract more juice.

Chapter 6: Lemons

Before cutting the lemon in half horizontally through the center, wash the skin so that any dirt or bacteria residing on the surface will not be transferred to the fruit’s interior. While you could remove any visible seeds before juicing the halves, you could also wait until after the process is complete, since there are bound to be some seeds that reside deeper and are not visible from the surface.

The juice can then be extracted in a variety of ways. You can then either use a juicer, reamer or do it the old fashioned way, squeezing by hand.

If your recipe calls for lemon zest, wash and dry the lemon. Then use a zester, paring knife or vegetable peeler to remove the zest, which is the colored part of the peel. Make sure not to remove too much of the peel as the white pith underneath is bitter and should not be used. The zest can then be more finely chopped or diced if it is necessary.

Serving Ideas llPlace thinly sliced lemons, including the peels, underneath and around fish before cooking. Baking or broiling will soften the slices so that they can be eaten along with the fish. llCombine lemon juice with olive oil, freshly crushed garlic and pepper to make a light and refreshing salad dressing. llIf you are watching your salt intake (and even if you are not), serve lemon wedges with meals as their tartness makes a great substitute for salt. llToss seasoned cooked brown rice with garden peas, chicken pieces, scallions, pumpkin seeds, lime juice and lime zest.

Combine freshly squeezed lemon juice, evaporated cane juice and either plain or sparkling water to make lemonade.

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Chapter 1: Beets

Chapter 7

Parsley Parsley is native to the Mediterranean region of Southern Europe.

While it has been cultivated for more than 2,000 years, parsley was used medicinally prior to being consumed as a food. The ancient Greeks held parsley to be sacred, using it to not only adorn victors of athletic contests, but also for decorating the tombs of the deceased. The practice of using parsley as a garnish actually has a long history that can be traced back to the civilization of the ancient Romans.

While it is uncertain when parsley began to be consumed as a seasoning, it seems to be sometime in the Middle Ages in Europe.

Some historians credit Charlemagne with its popularization since he had it grown on his estates.

In some countries, the curly leaf variety is more popular. This may have its roots in the ancient preference for this type since people were oftentimes reticent to consume the f lat leaf variety because it resembled fool’s parsley, a poisonous weed.

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Foods with Benefits

Description While parsley is a wonderfully nutritious and healing food, it is often under-appreciated. Most people do not realize that this vegetable has more uses than just being a garnish that accompanies restaurant meals. They do not know that parsley is actually a storehouse of nutrients and that it has a delicious vibrant taste.

The two most popular types of parsley are curly parsley and Italian flat leaf parsley. The Italian variety has a more fragrant and less bitter taste than the curly variety. There is also another type of parsley known as turnip-rooted (or Hamburg) that is cultivated for its roots, which resemble salsify and burdock.

Selection Whenever possible, choose fresh parsley over the dried form of the herb since it is superior in f lavor. Choose fresh parsley that is deep green in color and looks fresh and crisp. Avoid bunches that have leaves that are wilted or yellow as this indicates that they are either overmature or damaged.

Fresh parsley should be kept in the refrigerator in a plastic bag.

If it is slightly wilted, you can either sprinkle it lightly with some water or wash it without completely drying it before storing in the refrigerator.

If you have excess flat leaf parsley, you can easily dry it by laying it out in a single layer on a clean kitchen cloth. Once dried, it should be kept in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dark and dry place.

Curly leaf parsley is best preserved by freezing, as opposed to drying. Although it will retain most of its flavor, it has a tendency to lose its crispness, so it is best used in recipes without first thawing.

Parsley is actually a storehouse of nutrients and that it has a delicious vibrant taste.

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Chapter 7: Parsley

Parsley’s latin name is Petroselinum crispum and it belongs to the Umbelliferae family of plants.

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Foods with Benefits

Benefits Parsley contains two types of unusual components that provide unique health benefits. The first type is volatile oil components— including myristicin, limonene, eugenol, and alpha-thujene. The second type is flavonoids—including apiin, apigenin, crisoeriol, and luteolin.

Nutrient DRI/DV vitamin K

138.4

vitamin A

21.3

vitamin C

13.4

folate

2.8

iron

2.6

Promote Optimal Health Parsley’s volatile oils—particularly myristicin—have been shown to inhibit tumor formation in animal studies, and particularly, tumor formation in the lungs. Myristicin has also been shown to activate the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase, which helps attach the molecule glutathione to oxidized molecules that would otherwise do damage in the body. The activity of parsley’s volatile oils qualifies it as a “chemoprotective” food, and in particular, a food that can help neutralize particular types of carcinogens (like the benzopyrenes that are part of cigarette smoke.

Anti-Oxidant Nutrients The flavonoids in parsley—especially luteolin—have been shown to function as antioxidants that combine with highly reactive oxygen-containing molecules (called oxygen radicals) and help prevent oxygen-based damage to cells. In addition, extracts from parsley have been used in animal studies to help increase the antioxidant capacity of the blood.

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Chapter 7: Parsley

In addition to its volatile oils and flavonoids, parsley is an excellent source of vitamin C and a good source of vitamin A (notably through its concentration beta-carotene).

Vitamin C has many different functions. It is the body’s primary water-soluble antioxidant, rendering harmless otherwise dangerous free radicals in all water-soluble areas of the body. High levels of free radicals contribute to the development and progression of a wide variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis, colon cancer, diabetes, and asthma. This may explain why people who consume healthy amounts of vitamin C-containing foods have reduced risks for all these conditions. Vitamin C is also a powerful anti-inflammatory agent, which explains its usefulness in conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. And since vitamin C is needed for the healthy function of the immune system, it can also be helpful for preventing recurrent ear infections or colds.

Parsley is a source of flavonoid, and antioxidants (especially luteolin), apigenin, folic acid, vitamin K, vitamin C, and vitamin A.

Beta-carotene, another important antioxidant, works in the fatsoluble areas of the body. Diets with beta-carotene-rich foods are also associated with a reduced risk for the development and progression of many conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and colon cancer. Much like vitamin C, beta-carotene may also be helpful in reducing the severity of asthma, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

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Foods with Benefits

Parsley for a Healthy Heart Parsley is a good source of folic acid, one of the most important B vitamins. While it plays numerous roles in the body, one of its most critical roles in relation to cardiovascular health is its necessary participation in the process through which the body converts homocysteine into benign molecules. Homocysteine is a potentially dangerous molecule that, at high levels, can directly damage blood vessels, and high levels of homocysteine are associated with a significantly increased risk of heart attack and stroke in people with atherosclerosis or diabetic heart disease. Eating foods rich in folic acid, like parsley, is an especially good idea for individuals who either have, or wish to prevent, these diseases. Folic acid is also a critical nutrient for proper cell division and is therefore vitally important for cancer-prevention in the two areas of the body that contain rapidly dividing cells—the colon and the cervix.

Preparation Because it is fragile, fresh parsley should be washed right before using since it. The best way to clean it is just like you would spinach. Place it in a bowl of cold water and swish it around with your hands. This will allow any sand or dirt to dislodge. Remove the leaves from the water, empty the bowl, refill it with clean water and repeat this process until no dirt remains in the water.

If you are making a light colored sauce, use the stems from this variety as opposed to the leaves, so the sauce will take on the f lavor of parsley but zwill not be imparted with its green color.

Chopped parsley can be sprinkled on a host of different recipes, including salads, vegetable sautĂŠs and grilled fish.

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Chapter 7: Parsley

Since it has a stronger f lavor than the curly variety, Italian flat leaf parsley holds up better to cooking and therefore is usually the type preferred for hot dishes. Parsley should be added towards the end of the cooking process so that it can best retain its taste, color and nutritional value.

A Few Quick Serving Ideas llCombine chopped parsley with bulgur wheat, finely chopped green onions (scallions), mint leaves, lemon juice and olive oil to make the Middle Eastern classic dish, tabouli. llAdd parsley to pesto sauce to add more texture and enhance its green color. llCombine chopped parsley, garlic and lemon zest, and use it as a rub for chicken, lamb and beef. llUse parsley in soups and tomato sauces. llServe a salad of fennel, orange, cherry tomatoes, pumpkin seeds and parsley leaves.

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Chapter 1: Beets

Chapter 8

Sweet Potatoes Sweet potatoes are native to Central America and are one of the oldest vegetables known to man. They have been consumed since prehistoric times as evidenced by sweet potato relics dating back 10,000 years that have been discovered in Peruvian caves.

Christopher Columbus brought sweet potatoes to Europe after his first voyage to the New World in 1492. By the 16th century, they were brought to the Philippines by Spanish explorers and to Africa, India, Indonesia and southern Asia by the Portuguese.

Around this same time, sweet potatoes began to be cultivated in the southern United States, where they still remain a staple food in the traditional cuisine. In the mid-20th century, the orangefleshed sweet potato was introduced to the United States and given the name “yam� to distinguish it from other sweet potatoes. Sweet potatoes are a featured food in many Asian and Latin American cultures. Today, the main commercial producers of sweet potatoes include China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Japan, India and Uganda.

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Foods with Benefits

Description

While many people lump all potatoes into one category, potatoes can actually be quite different in terms of their taste, flavor, texture, and nutrients.

Although sweet potatoes may be part of the Thanksgiving tradition, be sure to add these wonderful naturally sweet vegetables to your meals throughout the year; they are some of the most nutritious vegetables around. Sweet potatoes can be found in your local markets year-round, however they are in season in November and December.

Depending upon the variety (of which there are about 400) the skin and f lesh of the sweet potato may be almost white, cream, yellow, orange, pink, or deep purple. Sometimes this root vegetable will be shaped like a potato, being short and blocky with rounded ends, and at other times it will be longer with tapered ends. There is often much confusion between sweet potatoes and yams; the moist-fleshed, orange-colored root vegetable that is often called a “yam” is actually a sweet potato.

The intensity of the sweet potato’s yellow or orange flesh color is directly correlated to its beta-carotene content. Our bodies can typically produce vitamin A from the beta-carotene in orangefleshed sweet potato; this is why this nutrient is often referred to as “Provitamin A.” Purple-fleshed sweet potatoes, on the other hand, are a fantastic source of anthocyanins (especially peonidins and cyanidins) and have outstanding antioxidant activity. In one study, the antioxidant activity in purple sweet potatoes was 3.2 times higher than

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Chapter 8: Sweet Potatoes

that of a type of blueberry! An equally amazing fact about sweet potatoes is the antioxidant capacity of all their parts. Recent research has shown different genes to be at work in the flesh versus skin of the sweet potato producing different concentrations of anthocyanin antioxidants. Even the leaves of the sweet potato plant have been shown to provide important antioxidant benefits and are included in soups in many cuisines. Sweet potatoes can be grouped into two different categories depending upon the texture they have when cooked: some are firm, dry, and mealy, while others are soft and moist. In both types, the taste is starchy and sweet with different varieties having different unique tastes.

The name “yam” was adopted from “nyami,” the African word for the root of the Dioscoreae genus of plants that are considered true yams. While there are attempts to distinguish between the two, such as the mandatory labeling by the U.S. Department of Agriculture that the moist-fleshed, orange-colored sweet potatoes that are labeled as “yams” also be accompanied by the label “sweet potato,” when most people hear the term “yam,” they think of the orange-colored sweet potato as opposed to the true yam.

The moist-fleshed, orange-colored root vegetable that is often thought of as a “yam” in the Uznited States is actually a sweet potato. It was given this name after this variety of sweet potato was introduced into the United States in the mid-20th century in order to distinguish it from the white-fleshed sweet potato that most people in the region were accustomed to.

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Foods with Benefits

Selection Choose sweet potatoes that are firm and do not have any cracks, bruises or soft spots. Avoid those that are displayed in the refrigerated section of the produce department since cold temperature negatively alters their taste.

Ideally, sweet potatoes should be kept out of the refrigerator in a cool, dry, dark place not above 60°F /15°C, which would fit the characteristics of a root cellar. Yet since most people don’t have root cellars, we’d suggest just keeping your sweet potatoes loose (not in a plastic bag, but if desired, a brown paper bag with multiple air holes punched in it will work) and storing them in a cool, dark, and well-ventilated cupboard away from sources of excess heat (like the stove).

Benefits Not only do sweet potatoes taste like dessert, but they provide some surprising health benefits. Many people think about sweet potatoes as being nothing more than plain old potatoes that can tweak our taste buds with some extra flavor. Yet research on sweet potatoes tells us that nothing could be further from the truth as they have many unique nutritional benefits to offer.

There are a surprising number of nutrient categories responsible for the health benefits of this underappreciated tuber. Among these categories are antioxidants, anti-inflammatory nutrients, and blood sugar-regulating nutrients. Each category brings with it valuable health benefits.

“Not only do sweet potatoes taste like dessert, but they provide some surprising health benefits.”

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Chapter 8: Sweet Potatoes

Nutrient DRI/DV vitamin A

1281.2

vitamin C

52.2

manganese

49.5

copper

35.5

pantothenic acid

35.4

vitamin B6

33.5

biotin

28.6

potassium

27.1

fiber

26.4

vitamin B3

18.5

vitamin B1

17.5

vitamin B2

16.1

phosphorus

15.4

Antioxidant Nutrients Sweet potatoes contain a wealth of orange colored carotenoid pigments. In recent studies, sweet potatoes have been shown to be a better source of beta-carotene than green leafy vegetables. Because sweet potatoes are available in many countries year-round, their ability to provide us with a key antioxidant like beta-carotene makes them a standout antioxidant food.

Storage proteins in sweet potato also have important antioxidant properties. These storage proteins—called sporamins—get produced by sweet potato plants whenever the plants are subjected to physical damage. Their ability to help the plants heal from this damage is significantly related to their role as antioxidants. When sweet potato is being digested inside of our gastrointestinal tract, we may get some of these same antioxidant benefits.

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Foods with Benefits

Sweet potato varieties with dark orange flesh have more beta carotene than those with light-colored flesh.

Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients Anthocyanin and other color-related pigments in sweet potato are equally valuable for their anti-inf lammatory health benefits.

In the case of inf lammation, scientists understand even more about the amazing properties of this tuber. In animal studies, activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB); activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); and formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) have all be shown to get reduced following consumption of either sweet potato or its colorcontaining extracts. Since each of these events can play a key role in the development of unwanted inflammation, their reduction by sweet potato phytonutrients marks a clear role for this food in inflammation-related health problems.

What’s equally fascinating about color-related sweet potato phytonutrients is their impact on fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is one of

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Chapter 8: Sweet Potatoes

the key glycoproteins in the body that is required for successful blood clotting. With the help of a coagulation factor called thrombin, fibronogen gets converted into fibrin during the blood clotting process. Balanced amounts of fibrinogen, thrombin and fibrin are a key part of the body’s health and its ability to close off wounds and stop loss of blood. However, excess amounts of these clottingrelated molecules may sometimes pose a health risk. For example, excess presence of fibrinogen and fibrin can trigger unwanted secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules (including cytokines and chemokines). If fibrin excess can trigger unwanted inflammation in nerve tissue and increase breakdown of the myelin wrapping the nerve cells (a process that is usually referred to as demyelination), health problems like multiple sclerosis (where there is breakdown of the myelin nerve sheath) may be lessened through reduction of excess fibrinogen and/or fibrin.

Blood Sugar Benefits Many people think about starchy root vegetables as a food group that could not possibly be helpful for controlling their blood sugar. That’s because many people realize that food starches can be converted by our digestive tract into simple sugars. If foods are especially concentrated in starch, there can often be a risk of too much simple sugar release in our digestive tract and too much pressure upon our bloodstream to uptake more sugar. (The result in this situation would be an overly quick elevation of our blood sugar level.) What’s fascinating about sweet potatoes is their ability to actually improve blood sugar regulation—even in persons with type 2 diabetes.

“Balanced amounts of fibrinogen, thrombin and fibrin are a key part of the body’s health and its ability to close off wounds and stop loss of blood.”

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Foods with Benefits

Preparation If you purchase organically grown sweet potatoes, you can eat the entire tuber, f lesh and skin. If you buy conventionally grown ones, you should peel them before eating since sometimes the skin is treated with dye or wax; if preparing the sweet potato whole, just peel it after cooking.

Since sweet potatoes will darken upon contact with the air, you should cook them immediately after peeling and/or cutting them.

If this is not possible, then keep them in a bowl covered completely with water until you are ready to cook them.

Boiling In several studies looking at the bioavailability of beta-carotene from sweet potatoes, boiling has been shown to be an effective cooking method. Consumption of boiled and mashed sweet potatoes has been shown to raise blood levels of vitamin A in children. When compared to roasting or baking, boiling has also been shown to have a more favorable impact on blood sugar regulation and to provide sweet potatoes with a lower glycemic index (GI) value.

Stir-Frying Multiple studies have shown better absorption of the beta-carotene from sweet potatoes when fat-containing foods are consumed along with the sweet potatoes. (It doesn’t take much fat for this better absorption to take place—only 3-5 grams.) What fat makes

Sweet potato pie, topped with a brown sugar and pecan topping, is a traditional favorite in the Southern United States.

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Chapter 8: Sweet Potatoes

possible is the conversion of beta-carotene into a special form called micellar form. Micelles are specialized collections of molecules that allow fat-soluble substances (like beta-carotene) to move around comfortably in non-fat environments (such as our waterbased bloodstream). They can also make it easier for fat-soluble substances to get absorbed from our digestive tract. Among several studies that have shown the benefits of a fat-containing meal for absorption of beta-carotene from foods sweet potatoes, one study has shown that stir-frying in oil is one specific cooking technique for sweet potatoes that can enhance the bioavailability of their beta-carotene. It’s interesting to note that the sweet potato stir-fry used in this study used a very low stir-frying temperature of 200°F (93°C) and that only 5 minutes of stir-frying were required to achieve the beta-carotene bioavailability benefits.

Steaming While we recognize boiling and stir-frying as viable options for cooking sweet potatoes, we recommend steaming of sweet potatoes for maximum nutrition and flavor. Our basic logic here is simple.

It’s easily possible to add a small amount of fat (like a tablespoon of extra virgin olive oil) to your sweet potato recipe after the sweet potatoes have been cooked. In that way, you will be able to avoid any heating of vegetable oils that might damage their heatsensitive nutrients. With the practice of steaming, you’ll be able to avoid submersion of the sweet potato in boiling water. That kind of submersion could result in the leeching of additional water-soluble nutrients from the sweet potato.

In China, Sweet potato soup is commonly served during winter and consists of boiling sweet potato in water with rock sugar and ginger.

The steaming method for sweet potatoes is quite simple: 1. Fill the bottom of a steamer pot with 2 inches of water.

2. While waiting for the water to come to a rapid boil, slice potatoes into 1/2-inch slices.

3. Steam for 7 minutes and toss with dressing and top with your favorite optional ingredients.

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Chapter 1: Beets

Chapter 9

Tumeric Turmeric is native to Indonesia and southern India, where it has been harvested for more than 5,000 years. It has served an important role in many traditional cultures throughout the East, including being a revered member of the Ayurvedic pharmacopeia. While Arab traders introduced it into Europe in the 13th century, it has only recently become popular in Western cultures.

Much of its recent popularity is owed to the recent research that has highlighted its therapeutic properties. The leading commercial producers of turmeric include India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Taiwan, Haiti and Jamaica.

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Foods with Benefits

Description Turmeric was traditionally called Indian saffron since its deep yellow-orange color is similar to that of the prized saffron. It has been used throughout history as a condiment, healing remedy and textile dye.

Turmeric comes from the root of the Curcuma longa plant and has a tough brown skin and a deep orange flesh. This herb has a very interesting taste and aroma. Its flavor is peppery, warm and bitter while its fragrance is mild yet slightly reminiscent of orange and ginger, to which it is related.

Selection Even through dried herbs and spices are widely available in supermarkets, explore the local spice stores or ethnic markets in your area. These stores often feature an expansive selection of dried herbs and spices that are of superior quality and freshness than those offered in regular markets. Just like with other dried spices, try to select organically grown turmeric since this will give you more assurance that the herb has not been irradiated. Since the color of turmeric varies among varieties, it is not a good indication of quality.

For the most curcumin, be sure to use turmeric rather curry powder—a study analyzing curcumin content in 28 spice products described as turmeric or curry powders found that pure turmeric powder had the highest concentration of curcumin, averaging 3.14% by weight. The curry powder samples, with one exception, contained very small amounts of curcumin. (Tayyem RF, Heath DD, et al. Nutr Cancer)

Fresh turmeric rhizome should be kept in the refrigerator.

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Chapter 9: Turmeric

Turmeric powder should kept in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dark and dry place.

Benefits Turmeric (Curcuma longa), the bright yellow of the spice rainbow, is a powerful medicine that has long been used in the Chinese and Indian systems of medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat a wide variety of conditions, including, jaundice, toothache, bruises, chest pain, and colic.

Nutrient DRI/DV manganese iron vitamin B6

17 10.1 4.7

fiber

3.7

copper

3.3

potassium

3.1

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Foods with Benefits

Cancer Prevention Curcumin’s antioxidant actions enable it to protect the colon cells from free radicals that can damage cellular DNA—a significant benefit particularly in the colon where cell turnover is quite rapid, occuring approximately every three days. Because of their frequent replication, mutations in the DNA of colon cells can result in the formation of cancerous cells much more quickly. Curcumin also helps the body to destroy mutated cancer cells, so they cannot spread through the body and cause more harm. A primary way in which curcumin does so is by enhancing liver function.

Additionally, other suggested mechanisms by which it may protect against cancer development include inhibiting the synthesis of a protein thought to be instrumental in tumor formation and preventing the development of additional blood supply necessary for cancer cell growth.

Treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Recent studies have shown that Curcumin may provide an inexpensive, well-tolerated, and effective treatment for inf lammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis. Researchers think its benefits are the result of not only antioxidant activity, but also inhibition of a major cellular inflammatory agent called NF kappa-B. Plus, an important part of the good news reported in these studies is the fact that although curcumin has been found to be safe at very large doses, this component of turmeric was effective at a concentration as low as 0.25 per cent— which is an amount easily supplied by simply enjoying turmeric in flavorful curries.

Turmeric is also widely available in capsule form for daily consumption.

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Chapter 9: Turmeric

“Curcumin is able to neutralize free radicals that can travel through the body and cause great amounts of damage to healthy cells and cell membranes.”

Relief for Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical studies have substantiated that curcumin also exerts very powerful antioxidant effects. As an antioxidant, curcumin is able to neutralize free radicals, chemicals that can travel through the body and cause great amounts of damage to healthy cells and cell membranes. This is important in many diseases, such as arthritis, where free radicals are responsible for the painful joint inf lammation and eventual damage to the joints. Turmeric’s combination of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects explains why many people with joint disease find relief when they use the spice regularly. In a recent study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, curcumin was compared to phenylbutazone and produced comparable improvements in shortened duration of morning stiffness, lengthened walking time, and reduced joint swelling.

Safe Anti-Inflammatory The yellow or orange pigment of turmeric is called curcumin.

This pigment is thought to be the primary pharmacological agent in turmeric. In numerous studies, curcumin’s anti-inflammatory effects have been shown to be comparable to potent drugs such as hydrocortisone and phenylbutazone as well as over-the-counter anti-inflammatory agents such as Motrin. Unlike the drugs, which are associated with significant toxic effects (ulcer formation, decreased white blood cell count, intestinal bleeding), curcumin produces no toxicity.

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Foods with Benefits

Improved Liver Function In a recent rat study conducted to evaluate the effects of turmeric on the liver’s ability to detoxify xenobiotic (toxic) chemicals, levels of two very important liver detoxification enzymes (UDP glucuronyl transferase and glutathione-S-transferase) were significantly elevated in rats fed turmeric as compared to controls. The researchers commented, “The results suggest that turmeric may increase detoxification systems in addition to its anti-oxidant properties.

Turmeric used widely as a spice would probably mitigate the effects of several dietary carcinogens.�

Cardiovascular Protection

In Thailand, fresh turmeric rhizomes are widely used in many dishes, in particular in the southern Thai cuisine, such as the yellow curry.

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Curcumin may be able to prevent the oxidation of cholesterol in the body. Since oxidized cholesterol is what damages blood vessels and builds up in the plaques that can lead to heart attack or stroke, preventing the oxidation of new cholesterol may help to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis and diabetic heart disease. In addition, turmeric is a good source of vitamin B6, which is needed to keep homocysteine levels from getting too high. Homocysteine, an intermediate product of an important cellular process called methylation, is directly damaging to blood vessel walls.

High levels of homocysteine are considered a significant risk factor for blood vessel damage, atherosclerotic plaque build-up, and heart disease; while a high intake of vitamin B6 is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.

Chapter 9: Turmeric

Preparation Be careful when using turmeric because its deep color can easily stain. To avoid stains, quickly wash any area with which it has made contact with soap and water. To prevent staining your hands, consider wearing kitchen gloves while handling turmeric.

If you are able to find turmeric rhizomes in the grocery store, you can make your own fresh turmeric powder by boiling, drying and then grinding it into a fine consistency.

Serving Ideas llAdd turmeric to an egg salad to give it an even more intense yellow color. llMix brown rice with raisins and cashews and season with turmeric, cumin and coriander. llAlthough turmeric is generally a staple ingredient in curry powder, some people like to add a little extra of this spice when preparing curries. And turmeric doesn’t have to only be used in curries. This spice is delicious on healthy sautÊed apples, and healthy steamed cauliflower and/or green beans and onions. Or, for a creamy, f lavor-rich, low-calorie dip, try mixing some turmeric and dried onion with a little omega3-rich mayonnaise, salt and pepper. You can serve with raw cauliflower, celery, sweet pepper, jicama and broccoli florets. llTurmeric is a great spice to complement recipes that feature lentils. llGive salad dressings an orange-yellow hue by adding some turmeric powder to them.

Manjal Pal (turmeric milk) is warm milk mixed with some turmeric powder. It is commonly used in India as a home remedy when someone is suffering from fever.

llFor an especially delicious way to add more turmeric to your healthy way of eating, cut cauliflower florets in half and healthy sautĂŠ with a generous spoonful of turmeric for 5 minutes.

Remove from the heat and toss with olive oil, salt and pepper to taste.

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Index A allicin 35 alliin 35 allium vegetables 33 alpha-thujene 68 antioxidants 12 apigenin 68 apiin 68 asthma 20 atherosclerosis 30 B Beets 7 beta-carotene 8 betaine 14 betalain 8 bile acids 53 blood pressure 30 Brassica family 48

88

cayenne peppers 17 chenopod family 14 cholesterol 22 cholestyramine 53 choline 14 colic 85 colon cancer 20 copper 10 crisoeriol 68 curcumin 84

G

D

headaches 21 heart attack 22 heart disease 10 Homocysteine 69 hydrocortisone 87

dermicidin 43 detoxification 13 diabetic heart disease 60 dizziness 43 Dramamine 43

E

C

eugenol 68

calcium 28 cancer 10 capsaicin 20 Capsicum family 18 carcinogens 68 carminative 42 carotenoids 8 cataracts 51

F ferroportin 33 fiber 10 fibrin 22 flatulence 85 flavonoids 51 folates 10

garlic 25 gastrointestinal distress 43 ginger 39 gingerols 43 glucosinolates 51 glutathione-S-transferase 88

H

I inflammation 13 inflammatory bowel disease 86 iron 10 isothiocyanates 53

J jaundice 85

K kale 47

L

P

U

leeks 26 lemons 23 Lily family 26 limonene 68 limonin 61 limonoid 61 liver 52 lutein 51 luteolin 68

phenylbutazone 87 phosphorus 10, 28 phytonutrients 13 potassium 10 prontease 40 psoriasis 21 pulmonary embolism 22

ulcerative colitis 86 ulcers 23

M

quinoa 14

magnesium 10 manganese 10 metabolism 33 motion sickness 43 Motrin 87 mucus 22 myristicin 68

R

N nausea 43 nerve damage 20

O onions 26 osteoarthritis 20 oxidative stress 30

Q

V vitamin A 20 vitamin B 20 vitamin B6 10 vitamin B66 10 vitamin C 10 vitamin E 20 vitamin K 20 vomiting 43

rheumatoid arthritis 20

S seasickness 43 selenium 28 spinach 8 stroke 22 substance P 21 sulfur 28 swiss chard 8

T triglycerides 22 turmeric 84

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Foods with Benefits

Among all lifestyle factors, no single factor is more important to our health than the food we eat. Our best bet in avoiding chronic preventable disease rates does not lie in more expensive medical procedures, or in more sophisticated technology, or in further specialization with respect to testing and medication. Our best bet, experts agree, lies in the simple, everyday practice of a lifestyle change in the foods that we eat.

We could be saving millions of lives and several hundred billion dollars in healthcare costs related to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer if we would eat more health-promoting, nutrient-rich foods like the ones feature in this book—foods that medical research has already suggested may help prevent these diseases.

Nutrient-rich foods like the one featured in this book are the keys to a healthy lifestyle. It is the source of good health and energy and can benefit all of us. Eating more nutrient-rich foods, cooking them properly, and learning about how to create a better way of eating will help you feel stronger and healthier. You can have more energy, enjoy better sleep and less stress, and promote general optimal health.

This book will serve as a comprehensive resource that leaves you with no guessing about what you have to do to eat healthier. It offers you all the tools you’ll need to make eating healthier an integral part of your lifestyle.

ISBN-13: 978-1-583-94019-8 ISBN-10: 1-583-94019-8

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