Ethograms

AN ETHOGRAM of

A GIRAFFE

{Giraffa camelopardalis}

An illustrated inventory of the feeding, 02drinking, 03nurturing, 04moving, 05 sleeping, 06mating, 07grooming habits of a Giraffe

01

01

figure01: 12 hours in a day, she yanks leaves with her long prehensile tongue, feeding on the bottom parts of trees. Chewing cud, she gets all the nutrition from plants.

02

figure02: Vulnerable while drinking water, she spreads her legs, cranes her neck at an awkward angle and bends down. Her elastic blood vessels prevent brain damage.

03

figure03: When giving birth she drops her baby 5 feet off the ground while standing to protect it. 6 feet-5 inches tall, an acrobat on stilts he starts walking in 5–30 minutes.

04

figure04: He walks with his hindlimb coming up, followed right away by the forelimb on the same side. While galloping, rear and front are in unison.

05

06

figure05: Dozes for 30 minutes with feet tucked in, head rested on his hindquarters. figure06: Wakes up to a sideway necking battle blow, by an unexpected visitor.

07

figure07: His skin secretes chemicals to repel insects, his tail, a fly flapper. An ox pecker sits and pecks ticks with her beak while he licks his face with his tongue.

This book encompasses Actions, Behaviours, & Circadian cycles of an animal.

- Type set in Baskerville -

AN ETHOGRAM of

A GHARIAL {Gavialis gangeticus}

This book is an illustrated inventory of the 01 nurturing, 02mating, 03moving, 04 feeding, 06regulating habits of a Gharial

01

figure01: The mother digs a hole in sand to lay eggs. After incubation at a warmer temperature, he burrows out.

02

figure02: With a bulbous ghara on his nose, he produces bubbles during courtship.

It enhances vocal communication by acting as a resonator.

03

figure03: He slides on his belly on land, due to weak short legs. In water, a flattened muscular tail, and webbed feet propel his streamined body while searching for prey.

04

figure04: He moves his narrow snout quick enough to interlock fish with his sharp pierching teeth. He also stuns them underwater with a jaw clap.

05

figure05: He frequently basks in the sun to increase body temperature. He also gapes to dissipate excess heat.

This book encompasses Actions, Behaviours, & Circadian cycles of an animal.

- Type set in Baskerville -

AN ETHOGRAM of

A GIBBON

{Hoolock leuconedys}

This book is an illustrated inventory of the mating, 02moving, 03feeding, 04drinking, 05 nurturing, 06grooming, 07communicating habits of a Gibbon 01

01

figure01: A musical mammal, he sings distinct duets to attract mates to socially live in family groups. Showing sexual dimorphism, his fur is black while hers is copper tan.

02

figure02: An acrobat of the forest, he brachiates using fingers as hooks on tree tops rarely with his foot on the ground. Spends most days on top of branches swinging.

Leaping across distances through air, in between he bipedals, outstreching his long arms wide open to maintain equilibrium while walking.

03

figure03: A frugivore, 65 percent of the day he forages and for 35 percent he feeds.

04

figure04: Takes breaks, dips leaves into water and sips while dangling off branches.

05

06

figure05: As a baby, he clung tightly to his mother’s waist, remained there for months. figure06: To reinforce bonds between individuals, they groom one another.

07

figure07: A mask like face, he communicates with expressions and body postures.

This book encompasses Actions, Behaviours, & Circadian cycles of an animal.

- Type set in Baskerville -

AN ETHOGRAM of

A HIPPO

{Hippopotamus amphibius}

This book is an illustrated inventory of the 01 grooming, 02threatening, 03sleeping, 04 sensing, 05nurturing, 06communicating, 07 moving, 08mating, 09feeding habits of a Hippo

01

figure01: Early morning she opens her mouth wide to signal fish who readily eat parasites. An ox pecker perches on her tooth to clean.

02

figure02: During the afternoon, she yawns to intimidate with a showcase of long canine teeth. She can open her mouth 105 degrees due to a hinge located at the back.

03

figure03: Asleep, she automatically breathes in and out of water.

04

figure04: Submerged, the nostrils and ears fold to prevent water from entering. As she wakes up, her eyes, ears and nose surface above water.

05

06

figure05: After birth, the first thing her baby learns is to swim up to catch air. figure06: He is now a part of a large polygamous community.

07

figure07: His round barrel shaped body moves gracefully as the membranes between his toes turn the feet into flippers. The fat beneath his skin keeps him afloat.

08

figure08: Trotting on land, he attracts females by using his tail to spray feces.

09

figure09: Nocturnal in nature, he grazes grass at night eating almost 35 kgs and prepares to spend another 16 hours of the day in water.

This book encompasses Actions, Behaviours, & Circadian cycles of an animal.

- Type set in Baskerville -

AN ETHOGRAM of

A HORNBILL {Buceros bicornis}

This book is an illustrated inventory of the 01 nesting, 02mating, 03sleeping, 04 preening, 05moving, 06feeding habits of a Hornbill

01

figure01: A cavity in a tree is covered with a wall of droppings, food pulp and mud.

A hole is made, one that is big enough for him to feed the mother and children.

02

03

figure02: He brings food to prove his worth to her, during courtship they perch close. figure03: At night, he roosts on the lower outer branch for protection.

04

figure04: After dawn, he preens his wings, to then search for food in family groups.

05

figure05: Arboreal in nature, his wing flap sounds like the hiss of a loud steam engine.

06

figure06: He’s the only bird with the atlas and axis of the neck vertrabrae fused together to provide for a stable platform for carrying the bill.

This gives him the ability to toss and throw food to the back of the throat with a jerk of the head, as the tongue is too short to manipulate it.

This book encompasses Actions, Behaviours, & Circadian cycles of an animal.

- Type set in Baskerville -