как стать миллионером в снг 1992

A .3 . B E J W I O B

IIA K (ÎM I» MMJIJIMOI b cm

A .3 .E e jifljiO B (

KaK

CTaTb MHJIJIHOHepOM

b

CHr

(jie r a jib H b ie MeTOflbi o 6 o r a m e H M fl)

MocKBa - 1992

BEJI5UI0B A .3. KaK erarb mhjuihohcpom b CHT OiercuibHbic mctoah oo6rani;eHH5i).- M.: MBU, “AwTO/iaH” npw yMacTHH AJIEO BYK, 1992 r.

B nacmosiuţeu Knuze pacKpbiaatomcH 603M0XH0cmu 6u3neca e ycjio6UHX pa36U6afOUţUXCSl pblHOHHblX omnoiuenuu. IJpuQodsimcsL HanpaejieHUH, npuMepbi u Memodbi o6o2au^eHusi npednpuHUMamejieu na ocHoee codJifodenuH 3 ukoho6 cmpan Codpyxcecmea He3aeucuMbix rocydapcme.

M o c k o bck h h BHe#peH*iecKHH i ţ e m p “A K T O JIA H ” n p m y ia m a e T cn eu n ajin cT O B c o c b o h m h oSteM aM M p a 6 o T .

(6 8 -7 4 %

O ru ia T a b R p a m a H iim e cpoKH b p a 3 M e p e 9 0 - 9 8 % o t ofrteM a C y^eTOM B3HOCOB B IleHCHOHHblH (JjOHfl).

TejietjjOHbi: 1 8 7 - 9 0 - 7 2 . 1 8 1 - 4 0 - 3 9

ISBN 5 - 89979 - 005 - 9

© BejrajioB A.3. © MBU, “AiiTcyiaH”

COAEP2KAHHE BcTynjieHHe

4

1. JlerajibHbie MeTOAw o6orameHH5i (HeKOTOpbie HanpaBjieHH»)

5

1.1. MeTO^H nepBOHaHajibHoro HaxonjieHH» xanwTajia 1.2. HanpasjieHHfl pa3BHTHii CBoero aejia (npHpau^eHHA KannTajia)

5 24

2. K ax Ha^aTb co6cTBeHHoe aejio

25

3. K ax 0praHM30BaTb 3<|)(|)exTHBHbiH 6n3Hec

29

4. K ax M36eacaTb npeAnpwHMMaTejiM) 6ojibuinx HajioroB

34

5. A^cftTb npaBHji 3apa6aTWBaHHfl

42

h

coxpaneHHH .zţeHer

6. KpHMHHajibHbie mctoam oSoraiiţeHmh (npwMepbi M3 :hch3hh juKenpeanpHHHMaTejieH) 7. K ax He nporaaaTb

54 60

3

B C T Y IIJIE H H E

3 Ta He6o^biua5i KHHra pacc^HTaHa Ha KaatAoro, kto xomct pa36oraTeTb, Hcnojib3yii 3aKOHHbie cnoco6u b o6jiacTH npeAnpHHHMaTejibCTBa, komMepiţHH, T.e. b afrepe 6n 3Heca. 3 Ta KHHra He rjisl Tex, kto xotcji 6h yBHZţeTb b hcPl nocoâne no m3t>hthio AeHer y HacejieHH# hjih y opram oaunif, npeanpHflTHH, Hcnojib3y« HaHBHOCTb m AOsep^MBOCTb jnoAen, mto HaxoAmiocb 6h y MepTM vum sa MeproH KpMMHHajia. KaK pas Hao6opoT, KHHra paccMHTaHa Ha jiioach mccthwx h ace^aiomHx nanpaBHTb cboio bo;ho, SHepraio h ciioco6hocth Ha tq, mto6h bhccth cboh bkji3a b pa3BHrae Phhomhhx oTHomeHHH y Hac b crpaHe, mto6h 3apa6oTaTb rjix ce6x, AaBaa JUOA5IM to, mto hm ceroflHii TpeSyeTOi. B 3T0H KHHre H3JI03KeHbI peKOMeHAaiţHH H o6o6lIţeH OnbIT BCTyiUieHHfl b 6H3Hec h AOCTH^eHHfl b hcm onpeAejieHHux ycnexoB. M oxho npwBecTH HeMajio npHMepoB TOMy, KaK Ha^HHaiomHe 6H3HecMeHH b cpaBHHTejibHO KOPOTKHH nepHOfl BpCMCHH (rOR-JSfiSL) CyMCJÎH 3apa6oTaTb MHJUIHOHbC py&JieH h fkvibme. Jîjih AOCTHaceHHa TaKon iţejm hco6xoahmo npoHBHTb onpeAejieHHyio uejieycTpeMjieHHocrb, HacTOMMMBocxb m anepruio. He~ iuioxo, ecjiH 3to 6yAeT coHeTaxbcsi c oprahh 3au,hohhhmh cnocoânocT^MH, xoT5i nocmeAHee, b onpeAejieHHbix npeAejiax, acjio HaacwBHoe h npnxoAHT COnbITOM. OCHOBHasi uejlb KHHTM COCTOHT B TOM, qTOfibl Ha OCHOBC HCII0Jlb30BaHHâ

onwTa 3 anaAa h CTpaH CHr BusiBHTb Han6ojiee acjxfreKTHBHbie

HanpaBjieHH^ 6n3Heca h 0Ka3aTb Ha^HHaioiiţHM npeAnpwHHMaTejMMMaKCHMajibHyio npaKTH^ecKy10noMomb b 3apa6aTMBaHHH 3HawrejibHbix acHextHbix cpeACTB. 3 Ta KHHra yHHKajibHa. TaKow khhiu eme He 6i»uio b nocjiecoBCTCKOH P occhh h b CTpaHax CoApy^ecTBa H e 3aBHCHMtix FocyAapcTB. B Hefr oc-

Bememj mctoam nepB0Ha^a;ibH0f0 HaKOiuieHH» KanHTajia, HaupaBJieHHa pa3BHTH» CBoeroAejra b ycjiOBHax Hapoamaiomeroca pwHKa. B KHHre AaHH OTBera Ha Bonpocti: KaK HaMaTb co6cTBeHHoe acjio? KaK 0 praHH30BaTb 3$ (J)eKTHBHHH 6 h 3hcc? KaK H36exaTb npeAnpHHHMaTejiio 6ojibuiHx HajioroB

Ha 3aKOHHtIX OCHOB3HH5IX? M3J10^CeHH IipaBHJia 3apa6aTHBaHH5I H coxpaHeHHfl ACHer. HanwcaHo h npo KpHMHHajibHbie mctoah o6 oranţeHHsi

(aji« npeAynpeacAerora,

ho

He aji» noApa^caHH»).

3 T a K H H ra h c a ji« T e x , k t o y ^ e 3 a p a 6 o T a ji C k u ib în n e A e H b rn , a r j is i T e x , k t o H a ^ H H a eT n y T b b 6 n 3 H e ce .

B ao6puh nyTb h yAanw BaM, rocnoAa! A i i T 6 a x B e jis u io B

KaHAHAar skohommmcckhx HayK

4

1. J I E r A J I b H b l E M E T O A b I O E O r A H ţ E H H S I (HeKOTOpbie H an p aB jieH H fl) 1 .1 . M eTOAbi n ep B O H a n a jib H o ro H aK onjieH HH K a iu r r a jia Hto Hy^KHO jyisL xoro, mto6h cTaTb 6oraraM? C Mero Ha^atb ABHaceHHe K 3T0H IţeJIH?

JXjisl Toro, mto6m HawaTb nepBOHaMajibHHH KanHTaji.

k om m epMecKyio

Ecrb

flesrre^bHocTb, Hy«eH

Hecicojibico

nyTen

ajih

ero

npHo6pexeHH5i: s t o h HcnaJib30BaHHe j ih h h w x HaKoimeHHH, Mo6miH3aiţH# BHyTpeHHHx pecypcos (MO^ceT BcraTb Bonpoc h o npoflaace Mero-To H3 OTMHHXBemeM, npeflMexoB) h nojiyweHHe Kpe^HTOB. A m o^kho rjix Ha^ajia 3aH flTbca t o h M acTbio 6H 3H eca, KOTopasi He T p e 6 y e T nepBO H aM ajibH oro ica -

nHTajia (6ojiee noApo6HHe peKOMenAau.Hn no 3T0My Bonpocy npHBeaeHbi

HH^ce). ripn

3 to m

npoiţecc HaKoiuieHHst nepsoHaMajibHoro KanHTajia He-

06x 0flHM0 HHTeHCH(^HU,HpOBaTb, h6o ByCJIOBHSLXnpoAOjmaiomeHca

JlttlţHH ACHbrH 6bICTpO TepJIIOT CBOIO nOKynaTCJIbCKyiO CnOCOâHOCTb. Tl03T0My TeM, kto peui mica BcraTb Ha nyTb 6n3Heca, kto wyBCTByeT ce6si f o t o b h m k 3TOMy, Heo6xoflHM O npH CTynaTb k a e j iy 6e3 npoMea;ieHH5L E c r b e u ţ e K a T e r o p H » jn o jţ e i f , n p n c M a T p H B a io iiţH x c tt k p w H K y , M e w a i o -

ihhx 3apa6oTaTb c e 6 e

H a acw 3 H b, ! i c n o j i b 3 yjn e r o b o 3 m o ; k h o c t h . A b o 3 m o ; k -

HOCTH >Ke p H H K a C H F C BOIlHIOIIţe H eyflO B JieTB O peH H H M CnpOCOM BCJIHKH.

3flecb h np0H3B0ACTB0, h ToproBjiH, h pa3JiHHHwe ycjiyrn, BKjuoHaa nocpeAHHMecKHe, pwHKy HyacHo Bce - nozţaBaH h t o , h 3 t o , HeflocraTok h H yaczţa b o B c e M .

OnpeAejiHB pHHOMHyK) n 0Tpe6H0CTb, npHAyManTe Hanjiymujhh, noCHjibHbiH BauiHM cnoco6HocT5iM cnoco 6 ee yaoBjieTBopeHHfl. IlpHjio^cHTe pyKH, aAejiocaMonoACKaxceTflajibHeHuiHH xoa achctbhh , cKoppeKrapyeT OIUH6KH BHJţeHHH. y^HTeCb BHfleTb pbIHOK, COnp5ira 5I CBOH Cn0C06H0CTH c ero bo3mo^choct5imh. A rjm stoix) Hy« h o nocrosiHHO BCMaTpwBaTbCfl b Hero h AyMaTb, KaK sapafkrraTb, nojiarajicb Ha cboh ciioco6hocth. flyMaHTe noctosihho, nepeâHpaa Bapnambi, a cny^aw b peajibHOH x h s h h npeflCTaBHTCfl, H HySKHO JIHUJb BblHBHTb eiX) C<jX)KyCHpOBaHHHM 3peHHeM. BapnaiiTH npmioaceHHfl cnocoâHOcreii MoryT 6wTb caMHMH o6wmhwmh, a HHOr/ţa H Heo6wMHHMH. IIpeflJiaraeM

pa/ţ

3apa6aTMBaHH5i A^Her co 6 h o c t c h .

K

n p o c T e n u in x b

h h m m o x h o othccth

HOCTH. 1. 3 a p a 6 o T O K

c

HanpaBjieHHH

(cnoco6oB)

xa^ecTBe BapwaHTOB npHjioxceHHsi B a iu n x c n o cjie^ yiom n e cnoco6w

h bhah

flejrre^ b-

n o M o m b io Te;ie(J)O H a (c e K p e T a p b H a flOM y, M acT H aa

T o p ro sa fl cţuipMa, peKjiaMHww h j i h k o m m c p m c c k h h a r e n r ) .

2. n ocp eflH H u e cT B o (b jiio6 h x 4>opMax h jh o 6 h x o6jiacT5ix Ae«TejibHOc t h ).

3 . H acT H a» T op roB aa AeaTejibHOCTb (noe3AK H n o c r p a H e c u e jib io K y n jiH-npozţaJKH, M e^ x a a T0pr0Bji5i n o n o ^ T e ii A p .).

5

4. CaaoBO-oropoflHbie vum peMOHTHo-crpoHTejibHbie pa6oTbi. 5. HacTHoe cnpaBOHHoe 6iopo.

6. HacTHoe 6iopo o6b5iB;ieHHH. 7. IIo^Ta b co6 ctbchhom JţOMe. 8. HacTHaa (JmpMa 6 w to b h x ycjiyr (MHTbe okoh, crapica h rjiaacica 6e;ib5i, y6opKa K B a p r a p h t.a .).

9. Cjiyacâa AOcraBKH npo^yKTOB. 10. MaroKypbep.

11. Maccaac Ha AOMy. 12. PeneTHTopcTBO, BKjiioMaa 3apa6oTOK Ha inKOJibHtix 3aH5iTH5ix ( c o CTasjieHHe c6opHraca jiyMmHx comh^chhh, pememisi paajiHMHbix 3a^aM no MaTCMaTHKC, (J)H3HKe, XHMHH H AP*)* 13. HacTHaa cjiyxc6a npoKaTa (pa3jm*ffloro HHCTpyMenra , actck h x Bemew, HrpymeK h ap .) .

14. HaCTHHH fleTCKHH cafl.

15. HacTHbiM cioiafl (MHorae K00nepaTHBbi h MacTHwe (JwpMbi iotjitc si b Henpncnoco6jieHHHx noMemeHHax, ohh xopomo 3anjiaT»T BaM).

16. floMauiHflH rocTHHHii;a y Aoporn.

17. floMaurnee Kacj)e y Aoporn.

18. HacTHaa (|)HpMa no opraHH3aiţHH Tpyaa h orAbixa.

19. Hacraaa 6H6jmoTeica.

20. Maiu6iopo Ha flOMy. 21. KcepoiconHpoBaHHe Ha AOMy. 22. HaCTHblH H3B03 c noMombio CBoero abtomo6hji5i .

23. Maicjiep no o6MeHy ;khjioh iuiomaAH. 24. XyaoacecTBeHHoe aTe^be Ha AOMy. 25. ABTOcepBHC. 26. Hacraoe H3AaTejibcicoe acjio.

27. OpraHH3aiţH5i bhktophh.

28. 3aoMHbie jcypcw (6yxrajixepoB, MaccaauiCTOB, ceicpeTapeH-MaiiiHHHCTOK H T.A.).

29. HacTHwn ruiH^K (iuia^kh KypopTOB C H r cjiaBATca CBoen 3anymeHHocTbK). Bh 3apa6oTaeTe 6ojibuiHe fleHbra, ecjiw oropoAHTe y^acroK ruraaca, OMHCTHTe o t MejiKoro Mycopa necoK, ycraHOBHTe ropKH, BumKH h 6yAeTe 6paTb no 5-15 py6, c Kaaqţoro orAHxaiomero).

30. HacTHa»(J)HpManoopraHH3auHHpeKjiaMbi, H3roroBjieHHione^aTeH h AP* (6paTb 3axa3M jiymne b KpynHwx ropoAax, a pa3MenţaTb b m m khx, rAe mpHcJjTOjiHTeHHbie 3asoAM npocTaHBaiOT. B KpynHwx ropoAax ohh neperpyaceHH. Ceiraac o6pa3yeTCfl mhofo npcAnpHsiTHH, Kcropue 3a^aCTyio He 3HaiOT, Kax 3aKa3aTb aTpH6yTHKy. IIoMorHTe hm. Ohh c yAOBOJibctbhcm onjiaTHT ycjiyra).

31. HacTHasi aBTocTosiHKa (no;ib3yHTecb momchtom, noKa nepeA uiko-

JiaMH, Mara3HHaMH, 6aH5IMH, pHHKaMH, pa3JIHHHMMH aAMHHHCTparaBHbiMH 3A3HH5IMH ecTb CBo6oAHbie MecTa. 3 th iuiomaflKH Bh MOaceTe HCn0JIb30BaTb KaK MHHH-CTOflHKy AJIH BCJIOCHnCAOB, motoi;hkJIOB, aBT0M06lUICH).

6

32. OoToycjiyrH (cHHMawTe Ha yjmiţax, b Aet c k m x ca^ax, micojiax, Ha T o p a c e c T B a x , H a A O M y ).

33. OpraHH3auHH a3apTHwx Hrp. 34. H acT H M H B H fle o 3 a ji (b K a (i)e , B O K 3 a jia x , aaponopTax h APyrnx MecTax).

35. Y c j i y r H no oxpaHe aBTOManiHH Ha c t o h h k c B 03;ie AOMa no npHHiţHny n jiaT H W X CTOHHOK. 36. Ilp0H 3B 0flC T B 0 a c a p e H w x K y K y p y 3 H w x , K apT ocJjejibH bix x jio n b e B , c ax a p H O H BaTM .

37. B H f le o - h 3ByK03anwcb (AejiaTb s t o HaAO b jhoahhx Mecrax, r^e 6wMHoro m o j i o a c ^ k h ) .

38. O p ra H H 3 a u ,H H c j i y ^ 6 b i 3HaKOMCTB. 39. BH^a^a AeHer b AOJir noA b w c o k h h npoiţeHT (Kaic npaBHjio, ACHbrw

B aeT

BbiAanyr noA 3ajior KaKoro-TO HMymecTBa).

40. H a c T H a a ( J w p M a no pa36opice 3A3hhh h coopyaceHHH, y6opKe TeppHTopwH nocjie CTpoHTejibCTBa, pea^H3aiţHH o t x o a o b KHpnwMHoro npO H 3B O A CTBa.

41. KpojiHKOBOACTBO ( s t o cnoco6 A J in T e x , k t o HMeeT Macrabie AOMa h Aa*m. TpaBbi j i c t o m BAOBOjib, pa3MHO}KaiOTC5i k p o j i h k h 6 h c t p o , o c o 6 c h h o B BOJIbepHblX yCJIOBHHX. U,eHbI Ha UIKypKH H MHCO KpOJIHKOB BbICOKHe).

4 2 . 3 B e p 0 B 0 A C T B 0 (p a 3 B e A e H H e O H A aT p, h o p o k , x o h o p h k o b h A p .) .

43. C b h h o b o a c t b o ( a p e H A y i r r e m o 6 o p y A y w T e n o M e m e H w e , K o p M H T e H 3 OTXOAOB OTOJIOBblX, K a(J)e, U IK O ^, ACTCKHX CaAOB, H H T epH aT O B H AP*) • 44. L],BeTOBOACTBO (3aHMHTeCb BbipamHBaHHeM U,BeTOB - B OCHOBHOM TB03AMK

h

p o 3 ( o h h H a n f o j i e e H e n p H x o T jiH B b ie ) ; 3 a p a 6 o T a B H a 3 t o m 3 a

Ten/ibiH nepwoA roAa HeKOTopbiH icanHTaji, nocrpoiiTe Ha 3HMy Tenjmuy, A a*e ecran Ha 3 t o yPmyT Bce HaiconjieHHH. 3aT0 b nocjieAyiomHe f o a w Bâ­ rne cocroflHHe 6 yAeT pacTH b reoMeTpwMecKOH nporpeccHH. JIapbKH j\jin pacnpoAaacH iţBeTOB ycTaHaBjiHBaitTe y Mara3HHOB, Ha iviaBHbix yjiHiţax, nepeKpecTKax. 45. Pa3BeAeHHe nopoAHcrwx KorneK h co6ax.

46. BbinycK 3HaMKOB (c H3o 6 paa<eHHeM nonyjiapHbix juoAeh, cyBeH HPOB, 3H3KOB C03BC3AHH 3 0 A H a K a H T .A .).

47. Hacraa» B p a M e 6 H a si n p a K T H ic a .

48. KooneparaB no c6opy h o6pa6oTKe rnicyp (Ha Mac0K0M6 HHaTax, b coBxo3ax, Ko;ixo3ax, KorAa h a c t y6ow CBHHew, k o p o b h oseu,, n iK y p w h x ; i h 6 o wcnojib3yiOT, ; i h 6 o CAaiOT b 3ar0TK0HT0pw. TaM o h h HHorAa Hano;ioBHHy c r a H B a io T . OpraHH3yHTe c 6 o p s t h x u i K y p y HacejieHHsi, k o j i x o s o b ,

OpraHH3yiiTe BHAejncy h CAaBairre b uiBeHHbie KOonepaTHBbi).

49. IU B ew H b iH K o o n e p a T H B .

50. KooneparaB pHTyajibHwx ycjiyr (opraHH3au,HH noxopoH, h 3ix)tobjieHwe BeHKOB, ;ieHT, opraHH3auHH opKecrpa h t . a . ) . cobxosob.

5 1 . C 6 o p jie K a p c T B e H H b ix T p a B ( b H io jie , H a n p H M e p , u,B eT eT j i w n a . E e u ,B eT b i n p H H H M aiO T b a m e K a x . F l o a i e a o jk a h OHa 0 C b in aeT C 5 i n o jiH O C T b io .

E o i h c o 6 p a T b , n o M b iT b , n p o c y u i H T b , t o m o ^ c h o CAaTb b a n r e i c y . 3 t o u e H H o e ji e K a p c T B o ) .

7

5 2 . K pecT bH H C K oe x o 3 a h c t b o (6 e p w T e 3 eN u iio h o 6 p a 6 aT H B aH T e e e . E c -

jih Her 3eMJiM, Hcnojib3VHTe to o6cTOHTejibCTBO, mto b ce^bCKwx panoHax MHoro CTapwKOB. ApeHflyiiTe y h h x *iacTb ycaAb6bi h 3aceiiTe, HanpHMep, noflccwiHeMHHKOM. OceHbio y Bac 6yAeT ottihmhhh ypoacaif. A Aajibiue Ha Maai03aB0A, b 3ar0TK0HT0py h j i h b K o o n ep a T M B . H B a M n p n 6 b u ib , h crapHKaM HaBap).

5 3 . KoonepaTHB no noâejnce KBapmp, actckhx cazviOB, Tax^ce no hx MCJiKOMy peMOHTy. 5 4 . OpraHH3au,H5i aiccKypcHOHHoro 6iopo.

uikqji h a p *,

a

5 5 . T o m n b H w e y c j i y n i (K a a m a fl x o s a i n c a M e w a e T o x o p o u i o HaTO**eH-

HHX HOXtaX Ha KyXHC, MBHHKfOpHblX HHCTpyMCHTaX BCBOeHKOCMeTHWCe, HOxcHHuax b jmţHKe uiKacJ)a. Hiviea TOMmibHbiH craHOK (ero moxho CAeJiaTb CaMOMy) , KOTOpblHCOCTOHT HXTOMHJIbHOIX) JţHCK3, 3JieKTpOMOTOpa H craHHHbi Ha KOJiecHKax, Bh Moacere noMOMb xo35iMKaM, Bbino^HsiH hx 3aK a3 H ) .

5 6 . KoonepaTHB no B£3aHHio OAexAbi (npnoâpeTHTe B5i3ajibHyio MauiHH y . 3 aaas eii nporpaMMy, B w CMoacere B83aTb CBHTepa, map4)bi, AeTCxyio ojoţe^cfly h T . n . ) .

5 7 . BbipamHBaHHe paicos ( b pecTopaHax o h h c t o h t oweHb Aoporo).

5 8 . P e 3 b 6 a n o A e p e s y (H 3 roT C B jieH H e A ep eB H H H w x h 3 a c j i h h ; j io a c e ic ,

H rp y u ie K , CTaTy3TOK

h t . a .)

.

5 9 . BbipaiuHBaHHe rpn6oB. 60. rip0H3B0flCTB0 crymeuHoro Mojioxa.

61.

Bbipaii|HBaHHe aceHbiueHH.

6 2 . IlporpaMMHpoBaHHe Ha 3 B M .

63. Eiopo nepeBO A O B

tckctob c

H H O crp a h h h x s h m k o b .

H ayM H o-T exH H M ecK H x

pa3pa6oTOK b AoroBopy o npeA n p H H T H eM .

65. H 3roT0RJieHHen0jiy(J)a6pHKaT0B, ys^OB, 3anqacreHHT.A. no3aKa3y 64.

B H eA p e H H e c o 6 c t b c h h w x

n p 0 H 3 B0 ACTB0 n o

KpynHbix npeflnpHsiTHH

(h c

Hy h ch o HCKaTb noxynaTejifl, AyMaTb o (J)HHaH-

c n p o B a H H H , rjiaBHoe - HawTH T a K y io noT peâH O C T b h n o jiy ^ H T b 3axa3 y c o JIHAHOH (J)HpMbl).

H T 3 KHX Cn0 C0 6 0 B MOJKHO fipHBCCTH BeJIHKOe MHOJKeCTBO. B c e 3 3 BHCHT OT B aiU H X Cn0 C0 6 H0CTCH H JKCJKIHH5I. PaCCMOTpHM n O flp o 6 H e e HeCKOJlbKO B apnaH T O B .

/

1 .1 .1 . M a cm H a H m o p t o a a s i d e sim e jib H O c m b . f l p o i ţ e c c nepB O H aM a^bH O ix) H aK oruieH H H ic a n H T a jia AOJiaceH, H a H a in

B 3 I7 ISLA, 6 a 3 H poBaT bC 5i b o c h o b h o m n a K paTKQ cpoM H bix A e j ia x . H a n p H M e p , 3 t o CAejiKa K y m iH -n p o A a a c H , r ^ c h c H y ^ H b i 6 o j i b u m e BjroxceH HH . T o e c r b , rA e-TO m t o - t o fle n ie B O K yn H T b h t a c - t o KaK-TO a o p o r o n p o A a T b .

B H a M a jie 3 aHMHTCCb H3 y 4 CHHCM KOHT>JOHKTypH pbIH K a. IlO M H H T e o TOM, MTO TO B ap, C KOTOpbIM B w 6 yACTC p a 6 o T a T b , AO JI^eH 6 bITb XOAOBbiM, x cejia T ejib H O , m to 6 w o h h c 6 w j i K o o n cp a T H B H b iM , Taie x a x A O B e p n e y n o T p e 6 M Teji5i k K O onepauM M h c u i m o c b w c o k o c . B c b h 3 h c B b im e c ic a 3 a H -

8

hhm mh

peKOMeHflyeM BaM pa6oTaTb c TOBapoM, kotophh bbo3mtc5i k HaM

H3 flpy^cecTBeHHwx crpaH, CTOHiiţHx Henoaajieicy o t Hac Ha CTyneHHx sk o-

HOMH^ecKoro pa3BHTH5i. 3 to npe^Dţe Bcero Ilojibma, KireaH, BbeTHaM h , b KaKOH-TO M e p e , B e H r p H a h T.n. Ha3BamiHe crpaHH, BBHAy CBoeft s k o HOMHqeCKOH

OTKpHTOCTH,

BIIHTHBaiOT

B

Ce6 f l,

K aK

ry O K a,

T O B apH

HapoflHoro noTpe6jieHH5i, np0H3B0jţMMue b KanHTajmcTHMecKHx crpaHax, nocjie Mero MacTb sthx TOBapoB BHiuiecKHBaeTtti Ha Ham npnrpaHHMHbiH pHHOK. flaace b y^eroM HHTepecoB acHTeneH npnrpaHHMHHx paHOHOB, n ep B H M H cxynaiomHx hmiiopthhh TOBap, Hrpa b jţaHHOM cjiynae ctoht CBeM, TaK KaK b cbh3h c 6ojibmHMH paccTOAHHHMH Hameii crpaHH pa3pHB b iţeHax Ha TOBapw BecbMa 3HaMHTejieH. H a KaKHC rpynnH TOBapoB cjiezţyer o6paTHTb oco6oe BHHMaHHe? 1) H a c w , p a A H o a n n a p a T y p a , napcfriO M epH H . 3 a ^ a c T y io a r a T O B a p w

mo2kho n e p e n p o A a T b B A B oe-B T poe A o p o a ce ; 2) O T A e jib H M e b h a h o a o k a h h o 6 y B H , HanCxw iee m o a h h c b m o m c h t o c y -

m ecTB jieH H H T o p ro B o ii AeaTejibHOCTH; 3 ) K h h i t i . T o p ro B jiH hm m c e i r a a c b h o b b h a c t 6 o h k o . H e cM O T p a H a o 6 h j m e KH Hr H a p H H K e, s t o jţe n o o c r a e r c a nepcneK T H B H H M h n p n 6 b u ib H H M .

T a c B35m> n o ro c y A a p c T B e H H o ii iţe H e Aec^HUHTHbie k h h f h ? J ţ o c r a T b h x m o ;k h o b peraoHax, rA e o c h o b h o c H a c e ^ e H H e H e p yccK 0H 3H *iH 0e. 3 t o c e j i a M o j i a o b h , HacTHviHO E e j i a p y c n , Y K p aH H H . B c e jib C K n x M a r a 3H H ax h x m o jk h o K ynH T b n o r o c u e H e . H a 6 p a B T O B apa, B aM o c r a e T c a 0p ra H H 30B aTb K o o n e p a r a B n o n p o K a T y n o A 3 a ji o r . I l A e a p e a jm 3 y e T C 5 i, H a n p H M e p , H a B O K 3 a jia x ;

4) ByAbTe KOMMepcaHTOM no p e a jiH 3 a iţH H npoAyKiţHH Majiwx npeAnpHHTHH h j i h K00nepaTHB0B. B o a h h x pernoHax s t o h npOAyxiţHH MHOIX), B APyrHX - OCTPHH A»J)HU;HT. Hy^KHO B35ITb AOKyMeHT, yAOCTOBep5H0m,HH Bame npeACTaBHTejibCTBO K o o n e p a r a B a h j i h Majioro ^ p e A n p H A T H fl, C K y n H T b napraio n p o A y K iţH H h n e p e n p a B H T b ee b A p y r o Ă pemoH. Me>Kpecny6^HKaHCKHH 6apbep Bh npeoAOJieeTe, ecjm 3 a p e rH C T p H p y e re c b o io AesiTejibHOCTb b t o m p e rH O H e , O T K y A a b h b o 3 h t c , h

KyAa BB03HTe TOBap. A TpyAoycTpoHB b Bamy opraHH3aiţrao ao noneHCHOHepoB, Bh noAy^HTe 3HanHTejibHHe jib ro ra b Hajioroo6jio^ceHHH; b to m ,

jio b h h h

5) OpraHH3yHTe c6op

h j i h a c y n K y t o t o b o h cejibC K 0X 0 3 5 iH C TB eH H 0H

n p oA yK i^ H H b p a H O H a x , r A e e e M H o ro . B iţ e H T p a jib H H X ic p y n H H x r o p o A a x ee m ohcho n p o A a T b , K a x n p a s H jio , b 2 - 3 p a 3 a A o p o a ce. A p e H A O B a B M a n m H y A Jia

nepeB03KH,

B h x o p o m o 3apa6oTaeTe;

6) Y C T p O H T e C b CTOpO^CeM HJIH

pa 60THHK0M B CeJIbCK0X03HHCTBeHH HX

o p ra H H 3 a u ^ iH x b i o x h h x p e c n y 6 ; iH K a x . E a ce ro A H O n p o n c x o A H T B e p â o B K a ju o A e ii b c a a m . I I o 0 K 0m a H H H c e 3 0 H a p a 6 o T 6 e p H T e H a T y p a jib H O H o m ia T O H

-

n p o A y K U H e ii.

n p e A O cra B H T

I ly c T b

BaM

TpaH cnopTH poB KH

Ta

o p ra H H 3 a iţH s i,

TpaH cno pT

h

b

k o to p o h

Heo6xoAH M He

ce jib C K 0 X 0 3 H H C T B e H H 0 H

bh

p a 6 o T a jiH ,

AO K yM eH TH

n p o A y K iţ H H

b

r jm

ceBepH H e

p a H O H H C Tp aH H Î

9

7) Ilp0H3B0flHTe 3aKynKy KOH(J)eT, moKOJiaAa, nencH h APyrwx

npoflyKTOB b npHrpaHHMHux panoHax

h

CAaBairre no AoroBopHOH iţeHe

b

pecropaHH KpynHwx ropoAOB U,eHTpa, a oco6eHHo K)ra.

BHyTpHpecny6jiHKaHCKHH 6apTep: Ty^a nencn, moKojiaA, a OTTyaa 4>pyKTbi;

8) OpraHH3yMTe acynicy TOBapoB b norpamumoH c KuraeM 30He, b Xa6apoBCKe, HanpwMep, h CAaBaiiTe b kommcpmcckhc Mara3HHH KpynHHx ropoflOB IţeHTpa. HanpHMep, iţeHa KHTaftcKOHkocmcthkh b Mockbc h K h eBe b MTb pa3 Bbirne, hqm b Xa6apoBCKe. AHajionmHbie 5ibjichh5i n p o H c x o flflT H a coBeTCKO-nojibCKOH rp aH H ii;e;

9) JţoroBopHTecb c opraHH3au,HsiMH FIpifaMypba, hmcioiuhmh jmueH3hio Ha otjiob KpacHOH pn6n. OpraHH3yHTe TpaHcnoprwpoBKy KpacHoii Pw6m h pw 6onpoA yK T O B c Z ţa jib H e ro BocTO K a b 3 a n a A H H e h u ,eH T p a jib H H e paifOHH CHI\ a Taxate b nojibmy. Kax npaBiuio, pa3HHu,a b iţeHax aocthraeT 4 - 6 pa3; 1 0 ) H y , a e a iH B a n i ropoA - KpynHH H npoM H im ieH H H H iţeHTp, h B h o c r p o o m y m a e T e n e p e â o H c m o jio k o m , apeH A yw T e M auiHHy h n o e 3 ^ a H T e b 6jiH^caMiiiHH k o jix o 3 . KyiuieHHoe TaM m o jio k o B h n p o^ a^ H T e b r o p o t e m h HMMyM b 4 - 5 p a 3 A op o^ce. OnwT Oaccch CBHAeTejibCTByeT o t o m , m to Jiy h-

rnee BpcMH jţjisi ToproBjiH - no3AHHH Be^ep; 1 1 ) B M o c K B e , C a H K T - F le T e p 6 y p r e , K w eB e h m c i o t c h o c J m c h k o m M ep^ecK M x cJ)HpM M H o n ix CTpaH M w pa. H acT O o h h c yAOBOjibCTBHeM c tc y n aiO T H eK O T opw e npoA yK T bi h o t x o a h . 5 I p k h h n p H M ep : m c a , ry cH H H H h yT H H biii n y x (iţe H a n y x a H a 3 a n a A e 8 0 a o j u i . 3 a 1 k i \ ) . O h p m h pacnjia^M B aiO T C si BajiiOTOH. O p ra H H 3 y H T e c 6 o p h n e p e n p o A a a c y 3 T o ro c u p b H h npoAyKTOB. B ajiiO T y q e p e 3 6 a H K o 6 p a T H T e b p y 6 j m h no B T o p H T e o n e p a u ,H io e m e p a 3 . B c x o p e B h H a 6 e p e T e c o j i h a h h h x a riH T a ji; 12) CeHMac ecTb MHoro xejiaioiiţHx KynHTb h j i h npoAaTb aBTOMo6mib, MOTOiţHKji, BejiocHneA. Otkphb o (J)h c, CTaHbTe nocpeAHHicoM Meayţy np0AaBU,0M h n o K y n a T e jie M ;

13) OpraHH3ywTe nocpeAHwqecKyio (fmpMy no npoAaace TOBapoB Ha BHyTpeHHeM h BHeumeM pHHice. fljisi 3Toro BaM hco6 xoahmo HMeTb nepBHMHHH KanHTaji h bhhth Ha KOHTaKT c 3anaAHbiMH <J)HpMaMH (6yAi>Te ocTopo>KHbi, no^y^awTe HHtjjopMaiţHio o Baumx 3apy6eacHHx napTHepax H3 pa3HUX HCTOMHHKOB, CeHMaC nOA npHKpHTHCM COJIHAHblX (J)HpM ACHCTByiOT pa3Horo poAa acfcepHcra); 14) HeCHOK H3BCCT6H H e TOJIbKO npO(J)WUiaKTHMeCKHMH KaMeCTBaMH, HO H

CBOHMH

BKyCOBHMH

JieMe6HbIMH

H

CBOHCTBaMH.

Bn panţH B asi e ro Ha apeHAyeMOM (cbocm npnycaAe6HOM ) yMacTKe 3 e M ra h

TpaHcnoprapyfl

e ro Ha C e B e p h flajibHHH B o c to k , B h nojiy^HTe r a r a m CK yio npH 6buib. fla s c e b K H p rH 3 c r a H e , m iH M aT KOToporo 6jiaronpH5rreH W * BH pam H BaH H fl s t o h K y jib T y p H , u e H H Ha wecHOK OMeHb b h c o k h ;

1 5 ) flocraBbTe j ia p e x b j i i o a h h x Mecrax h opraHH3yHTe nepenpoAaacy npoAyKUHH K00nepaTHB0B h j i h rocyAapcrBeHHHx npeAnpHATHH n o a o f o BOpeHHOCTH C HHMH. H a n p H M e p , Ha »e^e3HOAOpO^CHOM BOK3aJie, aBTOBO K 3ajie h t . a »;

10

16) O praH H 3 yH T e jiapeic h jih m hhh-k£ 1(J)€ n o npoAaace n p ox jia A H T ejib H x HanHTKOB. M şroTO B H Tb HanHTKH He TpyAHO. IIojiyM HTb H yacH yio h h (JxjpMaiuno m ojkho y p a 60THHK 0B o 6 m e im T a . J ly m n e p a 6 o ra T b KaK caM oc r o 5iTejib H oe npeAnpH H Tw e o t T pecT a pecropaH O B h c t o j io b h x B a m e r o

ropoAa; 17) B jierHHH nepnoA Tpaccw, BeAymne Ha lOr, nepenojraeHH MaumH3MH. MHorne npeAnpnsiTHx ropoAOB Hy^aiOTca b npoAasiţax KBaca. 3 a AeHb moxho peajiH30BaTb 3-4 6omkh KBaca; 18) B npH6pexcHHx mopckhx 30Hax, xax npaBimo, 3aBaji p h 6h . JI,oro-

BopHTecb c pbi6onepepa6aTbiBaionţHMH npeAnpnaTHsiMH h BamHM im meToproM Ha nocTaBKy pw6onp0AyKT0B b HyxtHHHjjjix Bac panoH no creneHH cnpoca. M o^eTe Tax^e 0praHH30BaTb He6o;ibmoM iţex no nppH3BOACTBy Ph 6h h pbi60np0AyKT0B;

19) C noBbiniCHHCM Hajiora Ha 6apTep mhofo TOBapa oceAaeT b npnrpaHHMHbix 30Hax. TaM ohh npoAaiOTca Mepe3 komhcchohhhc Mara3HHH. PbIHOK HMH 3a6HT. B IţeHTpajIbHHX paHOHaX U,eHH Ha 3TH TOBaphî, icax npaBwio, b 2-4 pa3a BHine. Obe3AHTe TyAa, BauiH pacxoAH OKyn«TC« MHoroKpaTHo; 20) ÂpeHAyHTe aBTOTpancnopT h opraHH3yHTe noe3AKy 3a ap6y3aMH b AcTpaxaHb b nepnoA c6opa ypoacaji (aBrycr). BwBe3HTe hx b CeBepHbie panoHbi CTpaHw, h Bh He TOjibKO OKynHTe Bce pacxoAH, ho h nojiyuHTe co^HAHyio npw6buib; 21) C xynaa onTOM âyjiOMKH, BeTMHHy h Aejiaa 6yTep6poAH, noe3acaifTe Ha npoMbniweHHbiH phhok Bamero ropoAa k rojiOAHWM npoAaBiţaM h noKynaTejiflM; 22) Hcno;ib3yfl pa3HOiuiaHOBHH Ae<j)HiţHT bo mhofhx paiiOHax, Bh moaceTexopomo 3apa6oTaTb. HanpnMep, CKymrre jiecB Ch6hph, oh TaM acrneBjie. B IţeHTpajibHHx ofwiactîix B h CMoaceTe npoAaTb ero xojixo3aM h coBxo3aM ropa3AO Aopoace. Mohcho B3«Tb oiuiaTy (xvibineH MacTbio cejibCK0X035IHCTBeHH0H npOAyKIţHeii: 3epHOM, KyKypy30H H T.A* 3Ty npoAyKUHio OTBe3HTe TyAa, rAe ee Majio hjih cobccm hct, HanpHMep, b 3anaAHyio YKpaHHy. TaM Bh cAaAHTe ee b 3ar0TK0HT0py hjih paHnoTpe6coK)3 no 6anee bhcokoh iţeHe. OiuiaTy 6epHTe jih6o mhcom, jih 6o MacjiOM. rioTOM bh MoaceTe noexaTb b MojiAOBy h npoAejiaTb TaM to ace caMoe. IlpH 3tom HenpeMeHHO no;ib3yHTecb coBeTaMH iophctob k3>kaoh H3 pecnyd/iHK; 23) OpraHH3yiiTe npoAaacy npoxjiaAHTejibHHx HanHTKOB Ha iuiflacax.

Moxho TaK^ce npoAaBaTb KOHAHTepcKHe H3AejiHH h MopoaceHoe. 3aicjiioMHTe AoroBop Ha hx nocraBKy c opraHH3aiţH5iMH h K00nepaTHBaMH;

24) OpraHH3yHTe c6op h nepeB03Ky h6jiok, rpyrn h Apyrnx 4>pykTOB b TaKHe panoHH, KaK Ka3axcTaH, KpaiiHHH CeBep, JţajibHHH Boctok. Ha 3tom Ae^e b HeAajieKOM 6yAymeM Bh cmohcctc craTb KpynHHM npeAnpHHHMaTejieM; 25) B iojkhhx o 6 jia c T 5 ix yxpaHHH h Mojiaobh p a c t y T r p e iţK H e o p e x n .

O p ra H H 3 y iiT e hx c 6 o p b ceH T 5i6pe,

a totom CAaHTe hx b 3ar0 T K 0 H T 0 p b i.

11

KpoMe AeHer b HeKOTopwx o fo a cra x npeAOCTaBjisieTCfl npaso Ha npHo6peTCHHe AecJ)Hu,HTHHx TOBapos; 26) KaKH3BecTHO, npoMHimieHHHenpeAnpHsmisiBHâpacHBaioTMHoro otxoaob. O hh c y AOBOJibCTBHeM hx npoAaAyT. flp y rae ^ e npeAnpHorasi HUţyT HX. 3aHMHTeCb nOCpeAHHMCCKOH AeSITejIbHOCTbK). HM esI AO py6jI5l 3a 1 kt nojiHMepoB, opyAyfl TOHHaMH, Bh xoporno 3apa6oTaeTe.

27) OpraHH3ynTe, ecjiH no 3Bo;uiT n 0Tpe6 H0CTH Bamero pernoHa, npoAa^cy cjiHBO*moro M acjia b Apyrne c rp a H w C H r hjih b c rp a H H , KOTopne He b x o a m t b cocTaB CHr (b ch n p w âajiT H K a, MojiAOBa, r p y 3HH, YKpaHHa).

I ţe H H Ha 1 k r Macna b s th x perwoHax b 4 - 5 pa3 6ojibme, MeM b C p eA H eii nojioce Pocchh; 28) ApeHAOBaB noMemeHHC Ha oahoh H3 rjiaBHHx yjimţ Bainero ropoAa, B h 6 y A e T e hmctb B03M 0^H 0C Tb OTicpHTb cboh cajiO H -M ara3H H . npHHHMaiiTe TOBapbi o t K oon ep aT op oB h qacTHwx jihu, (ayAHO- h bhacoMarHHT04)0HH, cooTBeTCTByiomHe Kaccera, jiawKOBbie KypTKH, cnrapera h T.n.). BaniH aoxoah onpeAeji ht komhcchohhhc 3a ara AoporocT05imHe TOBapH uiHpnoTpe6 a; 29) noK ynaa Ha M0Ji0K03aB0Ae (b Mara3HHe) mojioko h APyrne npoAyKTH, HMeiomnecfl b ToproBoit ceTH Bamero ropoAa, opraHH3yHTe 4>HpMy no AOCTaBKe hx Ha aom; 30) OpraHH3yHTe c6op bojioc no napwKMaxepcKHM h CAaBaiiTe hx Ha (J)a6pHKH no H3r0T0BjieHHK) napHKOB. A MoaceTe AejiaTb hx caMH. Bojioch noKynaiOT 3a rpammen; 31) Mo^eTe 0praHH30BaTb c 6op npo 6oK h pa3jnmHHx hsacjihh H3 ajnoMHHH5I H APyrHX IţBCTHblX MeTaJIJIOB. CAaBaHTe HX Ha 3aBOAU HJIH 6a3bl nepepa 6oTKH BTopcbipba. 3 t o npn 6 HjibHO yace ceiteac, a b AajibHewmeM 6 yAeT npn 6buibHee BTpoîiHe; 32) Ha nap<t)K)MepHbix (J)a6 pHKax npHHHMaiOT Ta6 anHHH neneji. H eMHoro BHAyMKH, h moxcho 0praHH30BaTb ero c 6op. T a 6aMHHH neneji npHHHMaiOT h b an T eicn ; 33) E oih y Bac ecTb cbh3h 3a rpaHHuen, opraHH3yHTe KooneparaB hjih C n no npHo6peTeHHio noAepacaHHHx aBT0M06mieH c AajibHeifiiieH hx peajiH3aiţneH Ha TeppHTopn h 6biBiiiero Coio3a; 34) B KOHiţe Hioji5i b kukhhx o 6jiacT«x YKpaHHH h Mojiaobh co 3peBaeT KyKypy3a. ApeHAOBaB 6ojibiuerpy3HHH aBT0M06njib, m oxho 3aH5iTbca nepeB03K0H noMancoB b ceBepHwe panoHH Pocchh. U,eHa BapeHoro no^aTxa KyKypy3bi BaM H3Becraa; 35) OAna H3 Han6ojiee npecraacHHx npo<J)eccHH Ha SanaAe - AHJiep. Y Bac nosiBHTCfl B03M0>KH0CTb hm craTb h xoporno 3apa6aTbiBaTb, eCJIH B h 3aHMeTecb pacnpocrpaHeHHeM npoAyKiţHH KaicoH-jiH6 o HaMHHaionţen (J)HpMbI. Kax W3yHHTb KOH'blOHKTypy pbIHKa? npOHAHTe no KOMHCCHOHHHM H KOMMepweCKHM M ara3HH aM , no “qepHOMy pbiHKy” h TmaTejibHO co6epHTe h nepepa6oTaHTe hh(Jx3pMau,Hio, mto no^eM. He crecHsiHTecb aro 3anncaTb - npnroAHTCfl.

12

r ^ e KOHKpeTHO SpaTb TOBap? B pa3roBopax co cbohmh APy3bsiMH h 3HaKOMbiMM nonpo6yiiTe HeHaB5I3MHBOBbIHCHHTb, OTKyfla 6epyTC5l B Baiueif MeCTHOCTH Te HJIHHHbie TOB a p w . B pnA jih 3to 6yfleT cjio^kho.

PÎMeiOTca o6m;enpH3HaHHHe MecTa CKonjieHHH TOBapa: 3anaAHOnpHrpaHHTOwe paHOHw c t 3khmh KpynHHMH ofuiacrabiMH iţeHTpaMH, KaK JIbBOB, rpOAHO, HepHOBI^H H npaKTH^eCKH nOMTH BCeMH HX paHOHHbIMH iţeHTpaMH; BocTOMHO-npHrpaHHHHwe paHOHw, r^e iţeHTpoM HBjiHeTCH

HpKyTCK (H3-3a npHMOH BOSAyniHOH CB5I3HCKHTaeM).

Mecro 3aKynKH TOBapa m6o “MepHttH phhok”, jih6o komhcchohhhc -

Mara3HHH. T^e AenieBjie.

T^e peajiH30Barb TOBap? Ha^e^cHee Bcero b komhcchohhhx Mara3HHax. Bw oTAaAHTe Mara3HHy 7- 10% o t Bârne# iţeHh TOBapa (y3HaHTe to^ho CKOJibKO - b p a 3 H b ix M ara3HHax n0-pa3H0My), ho 3to He 6yfleT nycTOH Tparoif AeHer. Mara3HH HMeeT psiA npeHMymecTB nepeA phhkom.

Bo-nepBwx, Mara3HHH pa6oTaioT, KaK npaBHjio, 6 ahch b HeAe^io, a pbIHOK TOJIbKO no BHXOAHHM. B o-btophx , b Mara3HHe noxynaTejiH npHo6peTaK)T TOBap 6o;iee oxotho, 3 H a m o 3Aecb hx, b otjihmhc o t puHKa, He o6MaHyT. B-TpeTbw x, y Bac 6yA eT cbo6oahoc BpeMa j y ih A p y rn x A e;i., TaK KaK pea;iH3aiţHeH

TOBapa 3aHHMaeTca Mara3HH.

B-MeTBepTwx, 6yAeT MeHbine koh(J);ihktob c KOHTpojmpyiomHMH opraHaMH, KOTopwe Ha pbiHKe 6yAyT MernaTb BaM pa6oTaTb ao Tex nop, noKa Ka^KAHH H3 hhx He yâeAHTca, mto Barna AesrrejibHOCTb 3aperncTpHpoBaHa h 3aKOHHa. B-nsrrwx, Bh He noABeprHeTecb TeM onacHocraM, KOTopwe MoryT Bac noACTepe^b Ha pwHKe (BCTpe^H c “KHAajiaMH”, paKerapaMn, KapMaHHHKaMH h t.n.).

IIojie3Hbie coBeTw:

CAaBaHTe Tosap b iţeHTpajibHbie Mara3HHbi, KyAa 3axoAHT MHoro noTeHiţnajibHbix noKynaTejiew; pa36eiiTe napTHio oahopoahopo TOBapa Ha HecKOJibKO mcjikhx napraii h CAaHTe hx b pa3Hwe MarasHHti; ecjiH Bw CAaeTe pa3HHH Tosap b oahh h to t >Ke Mara3HH (HanpwMep, MarHHTO(J)OH h Macw), nonpocHTe, mto6w npweMmHK ocjxypMmi pa3Hbie KBHTaHUHH Ha Ka^AbiH bha TOBapa; OTAaBanTe npeAnoMTeHwe Mara3HHaM, tac BbinjiaTa AeHer nocrce npoAa^cH TOBapa nponcxoAHT b Han6ojiee KopoTKwe cpokh;

Ha nepBbix nopax CAaBaiiTe TOBap no ueHaM HeMHoro HHace cjkhkhbIIIHXC5L

3 to coBeTbi noMoryT BaM 6wcrpee hoboh napTHen.

c6biTb TOBap h OTnpaBHTbca 3a ero

13

IIoACHMTaHTe p a c x o A b i w a o x o a m ; B n H in H T e b c b o h p a cx o A W CTOHMOCTb n p o e 3 A a k M ecT y 3 a K y m cH TO B apa h c>6paTHO, a TaK ^ce cyT O H H w e. ZţonycTHM, 3T a cyMMa c o c t 3 b h t 3 0 0 0 p y 6 .

3 a ic y iiH B TO B apa H a 3 0 0 0 0 p y 6 . , B w a o j i x c h h n p o A a T b e r o T aK , m t o 6 h H a o a h h B jio^ceH H H H p y 6 j i b n o jiy ^ H T b 5 0 KoneeK n p n â w i H ( s t o s a p n a m , k o T o p o r o yAaeTca AOCTHMb a aace npw H efxjiaronpH H TH O cicjia A M B a io iiţH x csi 06CTO HTeJIbCTBax). C peA H H H e p O K , 3 a KOTOpHH M02KH0 c6b IT b TO B ap -

npHMepHO A»e HeAejra. T.e. Mepe3 3to BpeMH y Bac 6 yAeT Ha pyicax 4 5 0 0 0 p y 6 . IlpoBeAHTe AajibHeHume noACMeTH caMH h npincHHbTe, c t o h t jih BaM 3aHHM3TbC5I 3THM ACJIOM. T A e B3«Tb ACHbrw Ha nepBbiw o 6 o p o t?

Bce H aniH peKOMeHAaiţHH h Baurn Ao 6 pw e HaMepeHHH He 6 y A y T H H qero CTOHTb, eCJIH He H3 HTH OTBCTa Ha TJiaBHHH BOIIpOC. fljIH HaMajia BnOJIHe XB3 THT TpeX-AeCHTH THC5IH. HX B35ITb? BapwaHT 1 -H. H CaMHH JierKHH. ECJIH eCTb B03M0 >KH0 CTb, TO 3aHMHTe Ha HexoTopoe BpeM5i y p o actb chhhkob h A py 3ew. MoaceT 6 biTb s t o He CJIHllIKOM npHHTHO, HO...

BapHaHT 2- h . ripoAaHTe MTo-Hw6 yAi>, ecjm ecTb mto.

B a p n a H T 3 -w. 3aH M H Te y rocyAapcTBa. 3 t o He TaK TpyAHO, KaK B aM , bo3mo>kho, KaaceTCH. FIomth Bce 6aHKOBCKHe yMpeacAeHHH BWAaiOT ceiiMac KpaTKOBpeMeHHwe ccyam rpa>KAaHaM Ha pa3JiHMHbie HyacAW b cyM M e 5 T w c .p y 6 . noA 10- 1 6 % roAOBwx. JXjisi nojiyMeHHsi cc y A H Tpe 6 y e T c a 06 bmH 0 cnpaBKa o tom, mto Bm nocToaHHo pa6oTaere h nojiyMaeTe 3apiuiaTy, koTOpOH XB3THT, HTo 6 bI BbinjiaTHTb CCyAy 3a TOT epOK, Ha KOTOpHH OHa B3HTa. T a K mto, ecjiH Bbi peiuH Tecb noMeHHTb p a 6 o T y , to CAejiaH re 3t o nocrae T o ro , KaK B03bMeTe ccyzţy. K p o M e 3Toro, n o T p e 6 yeTC» oahh hjih ABa MejioBeKa, KOTopwe c ra H y T BauiHMH rapaHTaM H nepeA 6aHKOM. Hm h M o ry T 6bITb KaK pOACTBeHHKH, TaK H APy3b5l.

BapwaHT 4 - h . SaHMHTe y 6 aHKa hjih y KOMMepMeacoro npeAnpHATHH noA 3ajior CBoero HMymecTBa (aBTOMo6 HJi5i, npwBaTH3Hp0 BaHH0 H KBapTHpH H Ap.) * Euţe HecKOJibKO n o jie 3 Hbix c o b c to b : 1) E o ih B h 6owTecb Ha^aTb H 3 -3 a Toro, mto BaM HerAe ocraHOBHTbcsi b r o p o A e , KyAa HyacHO exaTb 3a TOBapoM, t o He nepeacHBairre; KaK noKa3HBaeT npaKTHKa, Ha 3aKynKy TOBapa yxoAHT He 6o;iee Tpex-^eTbipex MacoB, nocjie ^ero moecho B03BpamaTbc« aomoh.

2) rionpodyMTe noAH CKaTb ce 6 e KOMnaHbOHa. X o t j i (JjopMajibHo Bw h 6 yA e Te p a 6 oTaTb KaacAbiw caM Ha ce 6 a , ho 6 w ctpo now yBCTByeTe, mto ApyacecKaa noMomb b topix)bom Ae;ie MHoro 3Ha*mT. 3 ) IloMHHTe o tom, mto ;iio 6oh TOBap iip o x o a h t Ha pbiHKe Mepe3 TpH CTaAHH: HaMajibHyio, KorAa a 3 hhhm bha TOBapa tojimco noaB^aeTCH Ha pbiHKe, cpeAHioio, KorAa ero y ^ e AOCTaTOMHo, h nocjieAHioio, Koi^a p h h o k y^ e nepeHacbimeH AaHHbiM TOBapoM. CaM aa BbiroAHafl ({)a3a npoAaacH -

14

HanajibHafl, Ha noaieAHen ace TOBap mo;kho npofl3Tb m/ibKo no CHwxceHhoh iţeHe. BoBpeMsi opHeHTHpyirrecb b sthx ctsahhx, h Bce 6yaeT HOpMaJIbHO.

MajieHbKHH npwMep. Pobho o^Hy KoneHKy ctohji b HioHe 1992 r. b OT^ejie yiţeHeHHwx toBapoB IţeHTpajibHoro yHHBepMara Tjomchh nnoHepcKHH 3HawoK. H He noA03peBajiH TioMeHiţH, hto 3to - 30^0T35i ;KHjia. Beab Ha ctojihmhom Ap6aTe Te 7KQCaMMe 3H3MKH ctohjih MepBOHeiţ HITyKa! 3HaMHT, TâK: 6epeTe y ce6a b Tiomchh THCJmy nnoHepcKHx 3HaMKOB, iuiaTHTe RecsiTh py6Jien h... miajţeTe b KapM3H aecHTb Twcsm (npn6buib ao 100 000%!).

1.1.2. IIocpedHUHecmeo ( âpoKep na m ejie(poke) Hfleîi a6co;iK)THO npocTa, oflHaico rjisi ee peajiH3au,HH noTpe6yeTCfl onpeAejieHHaa oneparaBHOCTb. CyTb ee 3aioiioHaeTCH b cjie^yiomeM. J\oBOJIbHO H3CTO npHXOflHTCH BCTpe43Tb B pa3JIHMHMX peKJI3MHMX H3A3HH51X

o6i»5iBjieHH$i, KaK 6h B33HMHO Aono;iH5iiomHe APyr Apyra. HanpHMep, “npoAaio HMnopTHHH yHHTa3", a BT Ox e BpeMH hmchho /ţamiasi Benib npocTO Heo6xoAHMa ApyroMy rocnoAHHy, o MeM oh h cooâuţaeT b cbocm o6b5iBjieHHH. IIoweMy 6u b stom cjiywae He noaBHTbCH nocpeAHHKy, koTopbiii CBeji 6h 3aHHTepecoBaHHbie ctopohw, nojiyMHB 3a 3to c KaamoH H3 hhx onpeAejieHHbie komhcchohhwc? Ht3k ,.nopsmoK t3kob: npeacAe Bcero Hy^CHO K a K M02KH0 6bICTpee H3yVIHTb ra3eTH Co6b5IBJieHH5IMH, cpa3y ace nocjie hx BbixoAa b cbct, otmcthb npn 3tom CHMMeTpHHHwe noacejiaHHH ("npoflaeM K03yM- “noKynaeM K03y”). 3aTeM cjie^yiOT 3bohkh no Bbi6paHHbiMBapnaHTaM, b pe3yjibTaTe uero h nojiy^aeTca o6mafl KapraHa cnpoca h npeAJioaceHHH. Ilocjie 3Toro He npeflCTaB/rfleT Tpy^a cbccth acejiaionţHe ctopohh APyr c ApyroM. Ecjih kto-to xoweT, AonycraM, 3KCKaBaTOp, TOnoepeAHHK CHHCXOAHTeJIbHbIMTOHOMC006maeT eMy, MTO3HaeT oflHoro (hjih HecKOjibKHx) cy6i>eKTa, npoAsiomerooTjiHMHbra, noaieAHen MOAejiH, 3KCKaBaTop. IlocpeAHHK ix)tob 3a HeKOTOpHH roHopap cnoco6crBOBaTb coBepineHHio cac^kh. TaKoe ace 33M3hmhboc npeAJioaceHHe cjie^yeT h npoA3Bii,3M - nocpeflHHK 3HaeT oahoik) rocnoAHHa, KOToporo M0acH0 yroBopHTb KynHTb 3Ty ropy pacaBoro acejie3a, npnqeM 3a Bect TpyA 6y^eT AOCT3TOMHOK3KHX-HH6yflb 6%. B KOHIţe KOHIţOB, KB33HMHOMy yflOBJieTBopeHHio Bcex ctopoh CAejiKa ocymecTBjiîieTC^, 1.1.3. OpzaHusanusi euicmopuH. ZţaHTe b ra3eTe o&bHBjieHHe npHMepHO tskofo coAepac3HHfl:

BnepBbie b H3ineM ropote! n P U 3 10 000 py6^en

15

n p H H S B m e M y y^ acrae b b h k t o p h h c

“ YraAaHKa” h

o tb c th b iiic m y

npaBMjibHo Ha Bce Hanm Bonpocn.

BHKTOpHHa COCTOHT H3 flByX TypOB. Bonpocn nepBoro Typa: 1 . A b to p kh h fh ” C yab 6 a MejioBeKa".

2. H a 3 BaHne ocrpoBa IIIpH-JIamcH ao 3.

H c n o jiH H T e jib CM OTpHTCJIb” .

rjia B H O H

p o jiH

1972 r. b

(ţm jib M e

“ O ra H iţH O H H b iH

(KojiH^ecTBO h xaMecTBO BonpocoB noACKaaceT BaM Bama (J)aHTa3 HH).

O t b c t h Ha Bonpocbi 1 -ro Typa npncbuiaHTe no a^pecy («ejiaTejibHO HMeTb a 6 oHeHTCKMH amnK Ha noMTe, mto6 h nwcbMa He num Ha Bam jţOMamHHH a^pec). B imcbMO He 3a 6 yAbTe b jio x h tb KOHBepT c BamHM aApecoM. O t b c t h 1 - r o T y p a p a c c M a T p H B a iO T C s i b T e ^ e H H e a s y x n e ^ e j i b c o a h si o n y d n H K O B a H H a b r a 3 e T e . Ecjih B h O T B e r a T e n p a B H j i b H o H a B o n p o c n 1 - r o T y p a , m h BaM b h i h j i c m n n c b M O H a j i o a c e H H H M i u i a T e a c o M c n s i T b i o B o n p o c a M H 2 - r o T y p a b h k t o p h h h c r o H M o c T b io 7 p y 6 .

Ilocjie t o i x ) , K aK B h a a f lH T e o 6 b 5 iB jie H H e (Bonpocn 1 -ro T y p a H e r o j it k H H 6 b IT b T p y A H H M H , M T o 6 h K B a M npH D U IO K aK MO)KHO 6 o J I b n i e OTBeTOB) , Hajio^ceHHHM iuiaTeacoM b 7 py 6 . BHCHjiaHTe Bonpocn 2-ro Typa h amHTe AeHer. Bonpocn 2-ro Typa, KaK Bh noHsum, a o j i x h h 6 h t b 6ojiee TpyflH H M H .

E c j i h 3 T y B H K T o p H H y n p o B e c T H , H a n p H M e p , b C m o j i c h c k c , h b h c h 6 y z ţe T y ^ a c T B O B a T b x o t sl 6 h 5 T H c .M e ji., t o B h n o jiy M H T e 3 5 T H C .p y 6 .

1.1.4. H acmnoe u3damejibCKoe dejio.

3 t o oflHH H3 pacnpocTpaHeHHbix b h a o b 6 H3 Heca. B 3 aBHCHMOCTH o t B aHIHX B0 3 M0 «H 0 CTeH OH M03KCT npHHCCTH npnâbUIb OT AeCflTKOB THCflM py6jien a o HecKOjibKMX m h j u i h o h o b .

AjITOpHTM 6H3HeCa AOCTaTOMHO HCCJIOXCHHH. B H a M a jie B h onpeAejiiieTecb c p y K o n n c s iM H , KOTopne x o t h t c H3AaBaTb. O t o M o a ceT 6 n T b c o jiH f lH a n K H H ra H 3 2 0 0 - 3 0 0 c r p a H H u ; h j i h 6 p o m i o p a b 5 - 1 0 C T p aH H L ţ). F Ip o c M H T H B a e T e n o T p e 6 H T e jib C K y io cTOHMOCTb T O B a p a h p a c x o A H H a H 3 fla H H e . 3 a T e M A ^ J i a e r e p e ic jia M y b r a 3 e T e h a c ^ e T e n o c r y n jie H H fl f l e H e r H a Bain p a c ^ e r a H i i c ^ e T .

T e M a T H K a k h h t a j m H 3A âH H & , n o jib 3 y io m H x c 5 i c n p o c o M y H a c e jie H H s i, AOBOJIbHO o 6 u i H p H a . F Ip H B eA eM A Jia n p H M e p a pflA TCM, 3aH M CTBO BaH H H X H 3 p e m i a M H H x p y 6 p H K r a 3 e T n o A 3arojiO B K O M “ B H n u ie M ” : I l p a K T H q e c K o e n o c o 6 n e n o n p H M e H e H H io n r a p o K O p a c n p o c T p a H e H H H x Jie K ap C T B eH H H X paC TCH H H B KOCMCTHKe, H apO A H O ii H H ayM H O H MeAHUMHC, n p n r o r o B j ie H H H p a 3 JiH M H H x b h a o b *iasi ( r . B a p H a y j i )

*

16

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*

HajioxeHHbiM iuiaTeacoM (36 py6.) KHHry c onncaHneM 3KOjiorHMecKH cnoco6oB 6opb6bi OţocTynHwx Ka^gţOMy caAOBOAy h oropoAHHKy) C TJieii, KOJIOpaACKHM 2CyK0M, AOJirOHOCHKOM, MeABeAKOH, npOBOJIOMHHKOM, KJieiIţaMH, KaJIH(JX)pHHHCKOH H ApyiHMH BHAaMH IlţHTOBOK, ryCCHHIliaMH, MyMHHCTOH POCOH, pxaBMHHOH H APyrHMH BpeAHxe^HMH h 6o;ie3HsiMH, a TaK^ce MbiuiaMH h KpucaMH ( 170 peiţenTOB)

hhcthx

(r. ^HenponeTpoBCK)

*

*

*

H a j io x e H H B i M r u ia T e a co M n o 3 A p a B H T e jib H b ie c t h x h H a C B a A b 6 u h k > 6 h -

jien. LţeHa 20 c t p o k 30 py6. Ilncam* r. H c ^ 5 i6 h h c k . *

*

*

KHHry u3 bc3ah JIHOHbl M H T aT ejieH

*

*

h cyAb6w” , 390 crp., 55 py6. Eio HHTepecyiOTCfl m h j i (KocTpoMa)

*

Hajio^c. ruiaTe>KOM (50py6.) 10 BbiKpoeKactckoh oac^ aw (pa3Mep24iuiaTbfl, capac{)aH, koctiommhk, n0jiyK0M6HHe30H, nnxaMa (KypraHCKaa o6 ji.)

34):

*

*

*

CTapHHHHH th 6ctckhh peiţenT mqjioaocth Hajiox. njiaT. (25 py6.). 3 a 5ibkh h kohbcpt no aApecy: r. BjiaAHMHp

*

*

*

HajioxeHHHM njiaTeacoM kophh 3jieyTep0K0Kica, npHroTOBJieHHH h npneMa (ITphmopckhh xpan)

*

*

peuenT

*

J ţ e m e B y i o h H e c jio a c H y io T e x H O jio r n io H 3 r 0 T 0 B jieH H 5i T y n iH AJifl p e c H H iţ

(^epHOH H IţBeTHOH) B AOMaiHHHX yCJIOBH5IX. Tyinb CnOJie3HHMH AC)6aBxaMH, npeKpacHO yAJiHHJieT pecmmH. rincaTh: PoBeHCKaa o 6 j i. B KaxAoe nncbMo BjioacHTe KOHBepT c BauiHM aApecoM h KBHTaHu,Hcif o nepeBOAe 20 py6.

*

*

*

3 a 1 0 p y 6 . p e i ţ e n T o t j ii o 6 o h 6 o j i c 3 h h , r j i s l OM OJiaacH BaH Hfl, n o x y A e H H fl

(CTaBponojibCKHH Kpan) 17

*

*

*

MeTOflimecicoe noco6ne 3(J)ct)eKTHBHoro jieneHHsi ajiKoro;iH3Ma h noxMejibHoro CHHApoMa Ha ochobc HapoAHon MCjţHiţHHH. Bcero 25 py6. h b BanieM aoMe HaBcer^a nocejiHTca m h p h corjiacne. IIomtobuh nepeBOA HanpaBjiATb: flpocjiaBCKaa o6ji., r. raBpmioB-5lM, Ce^oBa, 4.

B rpa(f)e “Jlnsi iracbMeHHoro coo6meHH5i” pa3(5opHHBo yKaacHTe o6paTHbiH a^pec.

*

+

*

Hajio^ceHHHM iuiaTeacoM (40 py6.) ^epTeacn HOBeiimeH AwaroHajibHOH ara^cepKH y npomeHHon KOHcrpyKUHH (r. 3anopo»be)

*

*

*

Hajio)KeHHHM iuiaTe^coM (28 py6.) peiţenTw crapHHHoft Hapo^HOH MeAHU.HHH npn jieMeHHH 0HK 0 Ji0 n m e c K H x h npeApaxoBbix 3a6o;ieBaHHH. B nHCbMO BJIO^KHTe KOHBepT C o6paTHHM aApeCOM H KBHTaHUHIO o nepeBOZţe (r. OpeH6ypr)

*

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*

MHcJîopMau.HFO o 75 h3ashh5ix, npeAJiaraiomHx cboh crpaHHiţH (b tom MHCJie 6eciuiaTHo) ajih pa3MemeHH5i o&bflB^eHHH h pemiaMbi mbcthux jihii; h opraHH3aiţHH. HajioaceHHHM ruiaTeacoM 50 py6. (r. O p e ^ )

*

*

*

HajioaceHHHM iuiaTeacoM AOKyMeHTaiţHio HecjioacHoro npn6opa “ajieKTpomoK o r xyjraraHOB” 37 py6. (r. K hcjioboack)

*

+

*

HajioxeHHHM iuiaTeacoM 100 npoBepeHHwx peiţeirroB rjisi MHKpOBOJIHOBOH IieMH H3 AOCTynHHX IipOAyKTOB, BKJIIOWafl TOpTH, Bapema. IţeHa 100 py6 (r. riepMb)

*

+

*

HajioxceHHWM ruiaTeatOM pacreHHH ao 70 KOHBepT c o6paTHMM aApecoM (r. TauiKeHT)

*

18

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*

bhaob.

B nnchMo Bjioaorrb

X e jn a io m H e 3aHHTbC5i HH TepecH H M h o^eHb a o x o a h h m acjiom p a 3BeAeHweM x o h o p h k o b - b h h u iio n oApo6 H y io H H crp yK iţH io (o6 m n e c s e AeHHH, yc/iOBHfl coAepacaHHa, cjiym ca , B upauţH BaH H e MOJiOAHflica, KOpMJieHHe, 3a 6 oH, CHHTHe IHKypKH, BHACJIKa, ()OJie3HH) . IIpHM epHH H AOXOA OT OAHOH CaMKH 3a C€3 0 H - 5 0 T H C .p y 6 . PaCXOA KOpMOB Ha nHTb CSMOK c n p n iu io A O M aHajiorHM eH OTKopM y o a h o h c b h h b h . 3 BepeK OMeHb HenpHXOTJIHB B COAepacaHHH. PiHCTpyKUMH BblCWJiaeTCH HaJIO^eHHWM

iuiaTe^coM. L ţe H a oahoix) 3X3. - 2 0 0 p y 6 .3 a s iB K H c n p H C b u ia T b n o a A p e c y : r . HCJIH6HHCK

*

*

KBHTaHiţHeii nepeB O A a

*

CTapHHue HapoAHHe m c t o a h , c noMouţbio k o t o p h x Bac nojuo6»T h j i h 6yA yT Jiio 6 H T b C H jib H ee;M eT O A H K y raA aH H 5 iH aK ap T ax ( 1 2 p y 6 . ) ( r. P obho) *

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MyjKMHHaM K ajieH Aapb a jih 3aMaTM5i p e6eH K a (MajibHHica h jih a c b o m k h )

(r. Khpob, iuiaTexcoM 43 py6)

*

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*

A A p eca HHOCTpaHHbix C I1 IA , K aH aA H , A h iv ih h , A B crpajiH H , ko TOpbie 3aHHMaiOTC5I TpyAOyCTpOHCTBOM COBeTCKHX rpa>KAaH, 1 0 0 - % rapaH TH a. IIoMTOBbiH nepeBOA 1 5 p y 6 . + k o h b c p t c BauiHM aA pecoM b h c h jiaiiT e: r. YpreHM

*

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H /n KOMiuieKTH BHKpoeK jiio6hx pa3MepoB jiio6oh jierxoH oaokaw (3 moacjih) - 1 5 py6., jiio6oh BepxHeii oAeacAH (2 moacjih) - 2 0 py6. c omicaHHAMH. MHHHMyM 3aTpaT, h Bainn Aera 6yAyT BHrjiHAeTb npeKpacHo, ecjih Bh nepenibere CTapue Bemn no HauiHMBHKpoHKaM. 3aica3H no aApecy: r. Hhxhhh HoBropoA

*

+

*

H a jio a ce H H b iM ruiaTe>KOM MeTOAHKy B5i3aHH5i m o a h h x n y jio B e p o B , « a K e T O B -2 5 0 p y 6 .,2 0 B H A O B , 1 1 0 o 6 p a 3 u o B B H 3 K H - 1 2 0 p y 6 . (M H H C K a a o 6 ji.)

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A A p e c a 4 3 0 yHHBepcHTeTOB H ayw H H M p a 6 o ra H K a M h n p e n o A a B a T e jisiM , ^c e jiaio m H M c a m o c t o h t c ji bH o H a i n u p a f x n y 3 a r p a H H u e ii (B h t c 6 c k ) . B jio >KHTb KOHBepT c o6paT H H M aA pecoM

19

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Cnoco6 nojiy^eHHfl a6 jio^ hopo yiccyca, npMMeHeHHa ero HapoAHOH MeAHiţHHe. 25 py6. + KOHBepT (r. XepcoH)

*

*

h

Mesa

b

*

HajioaceHHHM iuiaTe^OM cpomho TexHajiormo noBHineHHsi ypoacasi Kaprocfrejifl b 2 pa3a h 6ojiee nyTeM npocToro bo3achctbh5i Ha pacTeHHe nocjie noca^KH ao iţBeTeHHsi - 28 py6.(r. CaMapa). IIpHimiHTe KOHBepr c ajţpecoM.

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TexAOKyMeHTau,Hio rjisi h3idtob jichhh b AOMauranx ycjiOBHîix npoCTOH, 3(J)4)eKTHBHOH 3JieKTpOHHOH yAOMKH (M0CK0BCKafl 0(5jl.).

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*

*

YHHKajibHwe HcnwTaHHije Tn6eTCKHe peiţen rn mojioaocth - 75 py6., o r HMnoTeHu,HH - 50 py6., 3ojioTyxH - 50 py6., BecHymeK - 30 py6. IlHCfaMO + KOHBepT + KBHTaHiţHio o nepeBOAe (r. XapbKOB.).

*

*

*

HajioaceHHbiM ruiaTeacoM (70 py6.) c6ophhk 3aroBopoB (r. IO;KHO-CaXaJIHHCK).

*

* *

Bcero 3a 25 py6. peiţenT npnroTOBeHHH TyuiH rjisi pecHHiţ (r. JlnnoBiţH IIpHMopcKoro Kpaa). *

* *

Cnoco6n H3ixyroBjieHH5i H3 TpaB npenapaTOB c noMouţbio kotophx 3a 3-4 HeaejiH Bh H36aBHTecb ot: HMnoTenuHH - 100 py6., BeHepH^ecKHx 3a6ojieBaHHH, paKOBnx, cepAeMHo-cocyAwcTHx 3a6ojieBaHHH - 150 py6., racTpHTa, h3bh acejiyAKa - 80 py6. B nncbMO-3aflBKy BjioacHTe AeHbra hjih

KBHTaHiţHio o nepeBOAe h hhcthh kohbcpt c o6paTHHM aApecoM (r. KpaMaTopcK).

*

* *

PaflHOJiK)6HTejiHM no 3aKa3y jiioâne MHKpocxeMH cepHii: 142, 155, 176/555, 565, 573, 580, 780, TpaH3HCTopn, paAHOJiaMnn b jiio6om kojih-

20

wecTBe. ^Ke^ aiom ne nojiy^ H Tb KaTajior nepe*m cjiHTe 5 p y 6 . (r. B o jir o rp aA ).

*

*

*

HajioxeHHHM iwaTeacoM aiciţHH n rp u (JwpMhi “ 3 j i h K ” , iţeHa 65 py 6 ., BHHrpHni 1.376.900 py 6 . (r. CTaxaHOB).

*

*

*

HajiOîKeHHHM iuiaTeacoM 300 p y 6 . y c ra s MacTHoro npeAnpHATHfl (3aJIOXeHH BCeBHAHAeaT£JIbHOCTH) . y lOpHCTa CTOHT2000 p y 6 . (r. XOMyTOBO OpjIOBCKOH o6jiaCTH).

*

*

+

C T a p H H H H ii peu,enT. C ero n oM onţbio b h CMO^eTe nonpaBHTbcsi a o 3 K r b He^ejiio h jih o^eHb 6 w c tp o yBejiHMHTb oTAejibHbie ynacT K H Tejia He3abhchm o o t B a rn e ro Beca h 6 e 3 y m e p 6 a A«n* 3AopoBb 5i. K o H B e p r c BauiH M ajţpecoM h KBHTaHu,HK) 06 o iu ia T e 25 p y 6 . (r. PÎBaHOBo). *

*

*

P e u ,e n T H M a3H o t r e M o p p o a , rp n â K O B b ix h k o x h u x 3a 6o ^ e s a H H H , 6poH X H T a. 1 p e iţ e n T - 50 p y 6 . IloHTOBbiM nepeBOAOM K BH TaHiţHio h 3asiBK y B bicjiaT b n o a A p e c y : K p tiM , r . 5 î jr r a .

*

*

*

MeroAHKy jieMeHHa ypHHOTepanweH 3a 6o;ieBaHHH AwxaTejibHwx nyTeĂ, «ejiyAKa, ne^eHn, KMineMHHKa ajuiepran k o ;k h , 3JiOKaMecTBeHHHx onyxojieîi (30 ) c h c o 6 x oahm oh a h c t o h (50 ), KOHcyjibTauHen o npHMeHeh h h ( 10 ). KjBHTaHUHH h KOHBepT (r. TaraHpor).

*

*

*

H a jio x e H H b iM iuiaTeacoM MeTOAHicy ycTaHOBKH h c x e M y ycrpoH CTBa npoAJieHHH cpoK a cjiy^c 6 bi KHHecKonoB b 3-4 pa3a, oco 6 eHHO MOAejieii 3 yCU,T - 100 p y 6 . (r. IleTponaBJiOBCK-KaMMaTCKHH).

*

*

*

IIpocTOH h 3 (J)(J)eKTHBHbiH p e iţen T ^eMeHHH reM oppo a . B o ;ie 3Hb n p o x o A h t b TeweHHe h cac/ih . 20 p y 6 . h KOHBepr c o 6 paTHWM aApecoM o T n p a B jiflHTe: r. IlIaAPHHCK.

21

♦

*

*

IloMTOBHe MapKH paa/iHMHHx CTpaH HajioaceHHHM iuiaTeacoM no pa 3hhm TeMaM Ha cyMMy He MeHee 70 py6. Ilp n 3aica3e nnuiHTe HyacHwe tcm h h cyMMy. BbinojiHeHHe 33Ka3a b Te^eHHe A»yx HeAe^b ( r . Khpob) .

*

*

*

TpaBOjie^eHHe ajuiepnmecKoro AwaTe3a. 15 py6. + IlepMb).

*

*

KOHBepT. (r.

*

P e u e n T ro ju iaH A C K o ro c w p a h c w p a c 3e jie H b io . P e u ,e n T w n p o c T t i h a oCTynHW JJJLSI npHPOTOBJieHHfl B AOMaiUHHX yCKOBHflX. 3 a flB K y , KBHT3HU,HK) (moxho K o n n io ) 06 o iu ia T e 2 0 p y 6 . noHTOBMM nepeBOAOM oT n p aB H T b n o aA p ecy : r . E peB aH .

*

*

*

MeTOAHKy co3A3HH5i npeAnpHHTHit 6e3 HSJioroo&ioxceHHfl no 33KOHy. FIomtobwh nepeBOA 100 py6.(r. H0B0Ky3HeiţK).

+

*

*

K H H ra n o B b im e H H o ro c n p o c s , iţe H b i A o ro B o p H b ie ( r . 3 a n o p o a c b e ) .

*

*

*

P e i ţ e i r n * jieMeHHH BjiaAHBOCTOK.

*

*

paH

h h3b.

IIoMTOBbiH nepeBOA 2 0

py6.

Ha aApec:

r.

*

HHTeHCHBHoe BwpamHB3HHe KapTo4>ejw 800-1200 Kr c cotkh eaceroAHO - 40 py6., np0H3B0ACTB0 6woryMyca 3a 30 AHeft c Hcn0Jib30B3HHeM MecTHHX H3B03HMX HepBeH, n03B0JIHK)nţee nOAHflTb ypoacaHHOCTb AO 60% , npoAyKTHBHOCTb CKOTa h nTHiţw ao 30% , mo;kho 3apa6oTaTb py6jIH H BajiiOTy. H 3 1 t HaB03a ao 700 Kr 6noryMyca, pacxoA 25-40 Kr Ha coTKy - 50 py6. HajioaceHHMM iuiaTeacoM Ha 20% Aopoace. 3asiBKH H3 pecny6jiHK (KpoMe P C O C P ) BbinojiHfliOTCfl m n b K O no npeAon^aTe ( r . KpacHOy(J)HMCK).

*

22

*

*

H a A e x H U H , n p o B e p eH H H H npaKTHKOH, n p o c r o i i , A O crynH H H xaxcAOM y c n o c o 6 co3AaHH5i H a w a jib H o ro K a n H T a jia . I I o u t o b h h nepeB O A 4 5 p y 6 . ( H a jio ^ e H H H M iu ia T ea co M H a 7 5 % A o p o a c e ). K B H T aH iţH io h m h c t h h k o h b c p t Ha n p a B jisiH T e n o a f lp e c y : r . K H p o B O -H e n e iţK .

*

*

*

C 6 o p h h k “ A f lp e c a (J)h p m , n p e f ljia r a io m H x p a 6 o T y npeACTaBH TejiHM , H e T p e6 y K > m y io c n e u jia jib H H x HaBHKOB” . 3 a ic a 3 h k o iih io K BH Tam ţH H H a 3 0 p y 6 . B H c w jiaH T e n o a a p e c y : 3 4 1 0 5 0 , r . M a p n y n o j i b , a / a 2 4 3 8 , flm y H H H I O .M .

*

*

*

C x e M y “ 3jieK T p 0 3 B y K 0 B 0 ik npH M aH K H jy i* j io b j ih p w 6 ” . I l p o c r a b c 6 o p -

Ke, 3(J)<t)eKTHBHa B AeHCTBHH. B IIHCbMO BJIO^KHTe KBHTaHUHIO nOMTOBOIX) n e p eB O fla 1 0 0 p y 6 .

*

*

*

Reno (CKB), H e T p e 6 y io m e e 3aT paT , t c m , kto h m c c t KOHTaKT, B w e 3 a ca eT 3 a p y 6 e a c . IlepeB O fl 2 0 p y 6 . c o c b o h m a ^ p ecoM oTnpaBjiHHTe: t . B h h H H iţa.

*

*

*

fla^HHKaM h caAOBOflaMÎ 3aix)TOBKH Ha 3HMy Bcex bhaob aida h (frpyKtob 6e3 eAHHOH jio2kkh c a x a p a ! iţeHa mctoahkh c iioao6 hhm o n n ca m ie M c n o co 6 o s xpaH eH H fl - 3 8 p y 6. llp n im iH T e 3aaBKy h KOHBepx c BaniHM 06paxHbiM a a p e c o M . O iu ia T a Ha n o w e n p n no^ y^ eH H H (r. M arH H T orop cK ).

*

*

*

O iiht jie^eHHH noTepn o6 ohsihhsi

*

*

(r.

XapbKOB).

+

Pa3^HMHbie CHCTeMbi cnopTJiOTO h cnoprnporH03a (r. CapaTOB). Bjio2KHTb KOHBepT. H A p y rn e r ^ a B H o e b H3ASTejibCKOM 6 n 3 H e c e - H e H a p y m a T b aBTopcKHx n p a B h H e n o A n a A a T b b c b h 3 h c sthm no A o n p e A e jie H H y io CTaTbio 3 aico H a.

H y h b 3 a B e p m e H H e axoro p a 3 A e jia npH M H T e H ecicojibK o cobctob.

Bo-nepBbix, crapaHTecb CTaTb peajibHHMH co6crBeHHHKaMH CBoero Aejia. HaMHHaiiTe c Majioro, ho Barnero. Kohcmho, Bh MoaceTe BJioatHTb AeHbra b aKUHH KpynHoro npeAnpHHTHîi, ho CMoaceTe jih Bh B03AeHCTB0-

23

BaTb Ha ero crpaTeraio h T a x ra x y ? B h CTaHeTe 3aji 0^cHHK0M pemeHHH, He BâMH npHHHTHX. B o -b to p h x , bck) hjih noMTH bcio npnâbuib o t aesrrejibHOCTH Bam ero npeflnpHflTHff HyacHO BKjiaflHBaTb b o6opot. Hco6xoahm o iiocto5ihho pacmHp5ITbC5I, HCKaTb HOBHe B03M0«H0CTH. ÂMepHKaHlţH FOBOpAT: “K tO TpaTHT Ha cboh Hy^KflH Bce 3apa6oTaHHHe AeHbra, t o t AejiaeT hhii^hmh cbohx AeTen". fle jia a AeHbrn jih6o Ha Toprosjie, jih6o Ha ApyroM bhtoahom Aejie, He crpeMHTecb h x TpaTHTb cpa3y Ha cboh 6nTOBHe n0Tpe6H0CTH. IIoTepnHTe. Co3Aas cboh xanHTaji b pa3Mepe 200-300 THC.py6., B h cmoTK&Tt orpHBaTb He6ojn>mHe cyMMH Ha cboh 6 h t , He Bpeflfl 6ojibmoMy K a nHTajiy. O h 6yfleT yace p a cra , KaK CHextHHH kom, xaTonţHHCsi c ro p n .

BpeMfl o t BpeMeHH o t 3Toro xoMa mo^cho oTjiaMHBaTb KycKH, to ecTb cpeACTBa Ha Banm HyjK#H. HeM 6ojibme kom, tcm 6ojibiue KycKH. A noxa sanMHTeCb M6JIKHM 6H3HeCOM, C03AaBaHTe nepBHTOHH KanHTajI.

B-TpeTbHx, BKjiaflHBaiiTe fleHbra b to, hto, KaK npaBHjio, He o6ecueHHBaeTC5i. 3 to npe*^e Bcero 3eMjiii h HeABH;xHMOCTb. OpraHH3yHTe cj)epmh, nepeaejiHBaHTe AOMa iioa rocTHHHiţH h xacj)e. CjieAyeT OTMeTHTb, vito cnexyjisiTHBHHH (nocpeAHHMecKHH) HaBap y Macra o6mecrBa - hcaojiroBe^eH. BeAb bo BceM Mupe c3mhmh 6oraTHMH jiioa&mh hbjmk)tc« npoH3BOAHTejiH. y Hac ace noxa caMHe 6oraTHe - npoAaBUhi. H o nepeTarHBaHHe xaHaTa b CTopoHy np0H3B0ACTBa y Hac HaMHeTcsi, h OMeHb cxopo. n o Mepe ycraHOBjieHHH nojiHTHMecxoii h axoHOMHwecxoH CTa6mibHOCTH BKjiaAHBaTb AeHbrn b ToproBjiio craHeT HeBHroAHO. T orA a npHAercfl BxjiaAHBaTb hx b iipoh3boactbo.

Euţe Taxoii momcht: Ha 3a pe xoonepaTHBHoro ABHaceHHJi np 0 H3B0AHTejihm noMTH HeB03M0^H 0 6hjio Ao6H Tb Cbipbe. Oho TorAa p a c n p e A e jia jio c b MaTepwajibHO-TexHHMecxHM CHa6aceHHeM. Cen^ac 3Toro npensiTCTBH5i HeT, ho Hy^KHH AeHbrn. H 6o ecjiH ecrb AeHbrn, xynHTb yace He npoâjieMa. n 03T0My h TeHAeHUHA x 6aprepy iiomth 3axoHMHjiacb.

1 .2 .

H a n p a e j i e H H f l p a 3 BHTH*i

cBoero

a e jia ( n p H p a m e m ie

xanH Tajia) B h nponuiH nepnoA nepBOHa*iajibHoro HaxoiuieHHH xanHTajia, ycBOHjra onpeAejieHHne HaBHKH 6n3Heca, mctxo onpeAejinjiH xaxHM acjiom B h 6yAeTe 3aHHMaTbCH. rioAyMaHTe, MoaceT BaMHeHaAO jiOMaTbrojioBy, mto AejiaTb Aajibnie, a ctoht pa3BHBaTb to acjio, xoTopoe y Bac y « e yAaMHo nojiyrajiocb Ha nepBOM 3Tane. HanpHM ep, B h Ha^a/ra c mcjixoh ToproBjiH OBOnţaMH Ha yjmiţax, 3aTeM npHo6pejiH xhocx, Mara3HH. flajiee B h mo«eTe xynHTb rpy30B0H aBTOMoânjib AJiflA0CTaBXH0B0meHc6a3H, 3aTeM nocrpoHTb coâcTBeHHHe xpaHHjiHiiţa, a b xoHiţe xohuob 0praHH30BaTb co6cTBeHHyio cfrepMy h t .a .

H jih , HawaB c ToproBjiH b po3HHiţy paAHOTOBapaMH, KOMnbiOTepaMH h ApyroH TexHHxoii, B h motkqtq C03AaTb xpynH yio ToproByio xoMnaHHio, cneuHajiH3Hpy5icb Ha stom bhac TOBapoB.

24

Hjih, Ha^as c pa3pa6oTKH HecKOjibKHx nporpaMM Ha 3B M no AoroBopy c npeanpHHTHHMH, Bw MOJKeTe co3AaTb cojiHAHyio 4>HpMy, cneunajiH3H-

pyiomyioca Ha nporpaMMHpoBaHHH. Ha^aB c pocroBmHMecKoro K anH T ajia, B h MoaceTe co speMeHeM o t -

CBOH 6aHK. HaMaB c m c jik o h nocpeAHH^ecKOH AeflTe^bHocra, Bbi M oacere co3AaTb

KpblTb

cb o k ) 6 p o K e p c K y io KOHTopy, KynHTb h j ih B35iTb b apeH A y MecTO Ha 6 n p « e * , h TaK A a jie e.

Ho, MoaceT 6w T b , Bh 6pocH T e t o , mcm 3aHHMajiHCb p a H e e , h H a^H eTe

peajiH30BbiBaTb HOByio H^eio.

TaKHM 0 6 p a 3 0 M , ecjin y B ac ecTb nepBOHa^ajibHHH K anH Taji, ecTb H e6ojibina5i npaKTHKa pa6oTH Ha pwHKe, ecTb cepbe3Hasi H/ţea npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AeflTejibHocrH - 3HaMHT BaM oieAyeT HanHHaTb cepbe3Hoe co6cT B eH H oe a c j io .

2. K A K H A H A T b C O E C T B E H H O E A E JIO Ha nepBOM 3Tane npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AeaTejibHocTH - STane nepBOHaMajibHoro HaKoiuieHHH Kannrajia - HHorAa hct hco6xoahmocth yqpeam aT b

CBoe

n p e A n p H s m ie .

flocraTOMHO , fiojiyMHTb

naTeH T

Ha

HHAHBHAyaJIbHO-TpyAOByiOACflTeJIbHOCTb HJIHnOJiyMHTb perHCTpaiJ,HK) Ha npaBo npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AeflTejibHocra 6e3 c6pa30BaHH5i lopHAHqeC K o ro jm iţa . M 0 ^ c H 0 T a K » eH c n 0 jib 3 0 B a T b uK p b im y ” A eiiC TByiom H x n p e A npHHTHH H (J)HpM HJIH 3aHHMaTbC5I npeAnpHHHMaTCJIbCKOH AeflfejibHOCTbK), Boo6me HHrAe He peracTpHpyjicb. T a K , AencTByiomee 3 a -

KOHOAaTejibCTBO He npeAycMaTpHBaeT rocyAapcTBeHHon pefticrpauHH rp a a m a H , C A aiom n x BHaeM crpoeH H H , K B ap n ip b i b ap eH A y , r a p a a c n , 3 b t o m o 6 h jih h A P y r o e HMymecTBO, a T a ie r e p a 6 o r a io m H x n o AoroBopaM n o A p5iAa, n o jiy w a io m H x a o x o a h o t b h a o b A eflT ejib H ocra, a o x o a h o t k o t o p h x He od ^ araiO T ca H ajioroM , H anpH M ep, a o x o a h o t noA C o6H oro xo3HHCTBa).

To ecTb, Ha nepBOM 3Tane npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AeflTejibHocrH (a M H orae j iio a h ocTaiorca h m c h h o Ha 3 to m yp oB H e npeAnpHHHM aTejibCKoii AenTejibH ocTH ) H e o6ii3aT ejib H o y^H T bca b uiKOJiax 6 n 3 H e c a , 3aKaHWHBaTb HHCTHTyTH H yHHBepCHTCTH. ZţOCTaTOMHO HMeTb K3KHC-TO Cn0C06H0CTH, ACJIOByiO XB3TKy, 3JieMCHT a p H b ie 3HaHH5I B apH(J)M eTHKe. H to K a c a e r c a npeAnpHHHMaTejieii, nepeerynaiomHx nepBHH 3Tan H a-

KonjieHHfl HaMajibHoro KanHTajia h crpeMflmHxca k yBejiH^eHHio (npnpauţHBaHHio) CBoero KanHTajia, to perHCTpau,H5i CBoero npeAnpHHTHsi c npaBOM lopHAHnecKoro jrniţa aji» hhx Heo6 xoAHMa. TaK ace, KaK Heo6 xoAhmo w ix hhx rjiy6oKoe H3y*ieHHe 33kohob pwHKa, skohomhkh npeAnpnhthh, MeHeA>KMeHTa, MapKeTHHra h t.a.

.

* Cm. k h BejiHJioea A.3. n p a u o s b ie h 3KouoMH4ecKne o c i i o b u h 6p0KepCK0H AesrrejibiiocTH, M .: MBU, “AMTOJIAH”, 1992. - 210

6 h p > k cb o h

ToproejiH

c.

25

KaK 6 hjio 0TMeMeH0 BHiue, 6H3Hec HanimaeTCH c HAeii, noA KOTopne 3aTeBaeTCH Ae;io. Ho, npeacAe ^eM Ha^aTb ero, nepeiiTM ot HaMepeHHH k hciio/ ihchmio, HyacHo npoaHajiH3HpoBaTb, npoBepHTb BOo6pa^:aeMoe cooTBeTCTBHe Hflew peajibHOMy norpe6HTejibCKOMy cnpocy. KoHKpera3aUHfl h aHajiH3 HAeii npeflnojiaraiOT paccMOTpeHHe ajibTepHaTHB, KaK cnoco6cTByiomHx, TaK h 3aTpyflHHioiuHx HanpaBjieHHe 3aTeBaeMoro «ejia, Ha kotopom cocpeflOTaMHBaiOTC5i 3aTeM ycHjiHH h HaMHHaeTC5i TmaTejibHaa nozţroroBKa. flejiaeTca pac^eT npn6HjiH, KOTopyio cyjiHT hach, c{)aHTa3HH, npoeKTH, co6cTBeHHHH onbiT, npeo6pa3yK)HţHHC5î nocreneHHO b zţejiOByio CTpaTerHIO. HOACMHTHBaiOTCff B03M02KHHe H HeH36e^CHbie H3Aep^CKH. P a c c M a T p H B a iO T c a H e n p e A B H A e H H H e o S a r o s iT e jib C T B a , K o x o p n e

B cer^a

B CIU IH BaiOT.

HeM m npe oxBaT nary6HHx 06cT05rrejibcrB, tcm ycneiHHee BHeApenne Ha pwHOK, TeM HaAeacHee Aejio, tcm cnoKOHHee h paAOcraee Bama AejiOBaa h ceMenHa» y^rnub.

CoânpaeTCH HH(})opMaiţHtt o noTpeânTejie Bauinx T0Bap0B, ycjiyr, o KOHKypeHTax, o iţeHax, o coiţHajibHo-nojiHTHHecKon CHTyau,HH. IlapajuiejibHO B h a o jix h u 3aHHMaTbCH perHCTpaiţHen CBoero n p eA n p H H T H fl.

CorjiacHO CTaTbe 34 3aKOHa PC O C P uO npeAnpHsrniHx h npejţnpHHHMaTejIbCKOH fleHTejIbHOCTH B P C O C P ” HOIOJIKOM COBeTa HapOAHHX ACnyTaTOB AOJiaceH npoH3BecTH perHCTpau,Hio npeAnpHHTHsi b MCCimHHH cpoK c MOMeHTa noAaMH 3asiBjieHH5i c npHjio^eHHeM yqpeAHTejibHbix AO­ KyMeHTOB. IIpH noAa^e AOKyMeHTOB Ha perHcrpaiţHio b komhcchio HcnojiKOMa Ha btopom 3K3eMn^Hpe 3a«BjieHHH BaM aojijkhh CAe;iaTb noMeTKy o TOM , MTO A O K y M e H T H IipH H 5UIH TaKOIX)-TO MHCJia, HOCTaBH Tb nOAIIHCb H n iT a M n .

HanoMHHaeM, mto rjix perHCTpaiiHH HHAMBHAyajibHoro (ceMeimoro) MacTHoro npeAnpHHTHH b hoio;ikom hco6xoahmo npeACTaBHTb: A B a 3 K 3 e M i u i a p a 3 a siB jieH H fl o p e n iC T p a iţH H ; oahh 3 K 3 e M n ji 5ip pemeHHH y^peAHTe^bHoro c o 6 p a H H « ( n p n peracrpaiţH H c e M e iiH o r o n p e A n p H H T H fl) ; n H T b 3 K 3 e M n jia p o B y c T a B a ; A O K y M eH T H , n o A T B e p x A a io i iţ H e M eci'O H axo> K A eH H e n p e A n p H H T H n ;

KBHTaHUHio 0 6 o njiate perHcrpaiţHOHHoro c6opa (ecjiH TaKOBOH yeraHOBJieH HCnOJIKOMOM).

B p^Ae c jiyw aeB hoiojikom h, onpeAettflfl nopsiAOK pemcTpaiţHH, M oryT ycTBHaBjiHBaTb h A P yrw e Tpe6oBaHHH HanpHMep, HajiHMHe rapaHTHHHoro nHCbMa, nopy^HTejibCTBa nacTHoro mixa o6 HcnojiHeHHH b 3 othx Ha ce6« o65i3aTejibCTB. Il0 3 T 0 M y a o CAa^H AOKyMeHTOB Ha p e r H c r p a itfiio H e o 6 x o -

Ahmo yTowHHTb AaHHHH nopsiAOK b komhcchh HcnojiKOMa a o perHcrpaiţHH. B TeMeHHe Mecaiţa hokvikom MecTHoro CoBeTa HapoAHHx AenyTaTOB o6fl3aH 3aperHCTpnpoBaTb npeAnpHHTHe ;ih 6o AaTb M0THBHp0BaHHHH otKa3 b ero peracTpaiţHH. IIpH 3tom otk33 no MOTHBy Heue^ecoo6pa3Hoc™ b ero co3AaHHH He AonycKaeTca.

26

B perH crp aiţH H MoaceT 6htb OTKa3aHO jînnib b c j iy ^ a e H apym eH H si y c TaHOBjieHHoro 3aKOHOAaTejibCTBOM nop^A K a e r o co3AaHHH. H a n p H M ep , npH HeCo6^K>ACHHH Tpe6oBaHHH K CXj)OpMJieHHK) yiipeAHTeJIbHHX AOKyMeHTOB JIh6 o HX HeCOOTBeTCTBHH 3aKOHOAaTejIbCTBy. B pflfle cjiy^aeB, no Bainen HHHiţnaTHBe, mojkho npeAOcraBHTb b hcnojiKOM TexHHK0-3K0H0MHHecK0e oâocHosaHHe pa6oTH Bamero 6yAymero npeflnpHîiTM h p5iA Apyrnx AOKyMeHTOB. OflHaKO, Tpe6oBaHHe o npeAOCTaBjieHHH sthx AonojiHHTejibHHx AOKyMeHTOB c/ieAyeT paccMaxpHBaTb KaK He3aK0HH0e aaace b Tex cjiyMaax, KorAa oho o4>Hu,HajibHo o<Jx)pNuieHo pemeHHeM ncnojiKOMa hjih CoBera HapoAHHx AenyTaTOB. KaK cjieAyeT bccth ce6si b cjiy*iae Tpe6oBa«HH MecrHHx BjiacreH o npeAOCTaBJieHHH AOnOJIHHTCJîbHBIX AOKyMeHTOB? I l p e ^ C Bcero, Hy^CHO pa3o6paTbcn, mto 3to 3a Tpe6oBaHH« h ecrb jih nyTH aji» 6bicrpeHinero hx pemeHHn: nojiyMHTb aaicjiioMeHHe hjih, AonycrHM, BHecra H3MeHeHH5i b ycraB, yTOMHHB (JjopMyjmpoBKH KaKoro-jin6o nyHKTa. E cjih ace Tpe6oBaHH« TpyAHO BbmouiHHMu h 3aAepacaT perHCTpaiţHio npeAnpHATHfl, a TaKace ecjiH Bh c w ra e r e hx Heo6ocHOBaHHHMH, BaM aieAyeT o6paraTbC5i b cyA. Ho MoacHO nonHTaTbca peumTb 3tot Bonpoc HHaue: а) o6paTHTbca c npocb6on o perHCTpauHH b HcnojiKOM CoBeTa HapoAh h x AenyTaTOB Apyroro pawoHa; б) noAaTb acajio6y Ha HenpaBHjibHHe achctbhîi b BbiuiecToamHH Hcnojikom hjih CoBeT HapoAHHx AenyTaTOB. Ecjih ace Bonpoc b ncnojiKOMe Apyroro pawoHa hjih BbiuiecTOfliiţeM no OTHomeHHio k HcnojiKOMy opraHe He 6 yAer pemeH, cjieAyeT oâparaTbCJi c HCKOBHM 3 aSIBJieHHeM b cyA-

HcKOBoe 3aaBjieHHe Ha Henpa BOMepHh h OTKa3 ncnojiKOMa b peracrpaiţHH noAaeTCH b cyA no MecTy HaxoacAeHHa ncnojiKOMa Mecraoro CoBeTa HapoAHHx AenyTaTOB He no3AHee MecsmHoro cpoKa c MOMerna nojiy^eHHsi pememui 06 OTKa3e. Ecjih Bac He yAOBjieTBopHT pemeHHe cyAa, B h BnpaBe ero oâacajioBaTB b BHinecT05iiiţyi0 cyAe6Hyio HHCTaHu,Hio b cootbctctbhh c npaBHjiaMH rpaacAaHCKoro cy AonpOH3BOACTBa. Bh TaKace B n p aB e o6paT H T bc« b cyA h b tom o i y q a e , ecjiH ro cy A a p cT BeHHa# perHCTpaiţH» npeAnpHsmi5i He npoH3BeAeHa b yCTanoBjieHHHH CpOK.

PemeHHe o perHcrpaiţHH ycTaBa npeAnpHaTHsi AOJiacHO 6nTb ocfropMjieycTaHOBjieHHOH <J>opMe Ha c{)HpMeHHOM 6jiaHKe ncnojiKOMa, noAnncaHO npeAceAaTejieM (3aMecTHTejieM npeAceAaTejui) ncnojiKOMa h ceKpeTapeM (3aBeAyiomHM nporoKOJibHOH wacrbio) ncnojiKOMa. noAnHCH 3thx AOJiacHOCTHHx jihu, AOJiacHH 6HTb CKpeiuieHH Kpyrjioif newaTbio HcnojiKOMa. He 06x 0AHM0 HMeTb b bh Ay, mto rjix AajibHenmeH AeaTejibHocTH no opraHH3auHH npeAnpHîiTHsi BaM narpeâyiOTCîi KonHH pemeHHH ncnojiKOMa, b CB5I3H c MeM npH ot|>opMjieHHH AOKyMeHTOB npeAnpHsiTHH b 3tom ace HCnojiKOMe MoacHO OA-HOBpeMeHHO 3aBepHTb h KonHH. MoacHO TaKace ocfcopMHTb KOnHH B HOTapnajIbHOH KOHTOpe. ho b nncbMeHHOM BHAe no

27

Ilocjie nojiyueH H H penieHM» o perHcrpaiţHH y c r a B a npeAnpHHTHH Bac Heo6xoflHMo:

a) o6paTHTtC5i b 6aHx c npocb6ow OTxpbiTb p a c ^ em u n cmct. B c o o tb ctctb h h c 3aKOHOM PCOCP “ 0 npeAnpHsiTHiix h npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKOH flejrrejibHOCTH b PCOCP” Bh sn p a B e Bbrâpaxb 6aHK no CBoeMy ycMOTpcHHio AJifl ocynţecTBjieHHfl xpeAHTHo-pac*ieTHoro o6aiy*HBaHH«; 6) BcraTb Ha yweT b Haji0r0B0H HHcnexiţHH (npn Heo6xoAHMC>cra h OTflejie He^KHjiwx noMenţeHHH) paHHcnojixoMa; b) n o 4>aKTy n ojiyM eH iw c^ eT a b 6 a H x e HanpaBHTb HaM ajibHHxy (J)HHaHcoboix) ynpaBjieH H H p aifH cn o jix o M a sasiBjieH H e o npHATHH npe#npHOTH5i Ha y ^ e T (b p^A e c jiy ^ a e B H cn ojixoM hi caMocTOHTejibHO o cy m ecrB jiH io T n o craHOBKy Ha y ^ e T ) ; r) o6paTHTbCJi b panoHHoe OT^ejieHne ynpaBjieHHH BHyTpeHHHx jţeji c 3a«BJieHHeM o pa3pemeHHH na M3roxoBJieHHe xpyrjioM newaTH h nrraMnoB.

OnwT noKa3biBaeT, m to co3#aHHe jno6oro KOMMepwecxoro npeAnpnaTH5I ZţOJDKHO nOAXpenjMTbCa CCpbC3HblMH nOArOTOBHTeJIbHbIMH MeponpHo t h h m h , oiţeHxon nepcnexraB Ae^TejibHocTH h m aHCOB Ha ycnex. H , x o t h fla*e b 3t o m cjiy^ae h h k t o He 3acrpaxoBaH o t Hey^aM, ocyuţecTBjieHHe nOJţrOTOBHTeJIbHHX MepOnpH»THH nOSBOJISlCT yMeHblUHTb BepOHTHOCTb co3AaHM5i He>KH3Hecnoco6Horo ripeAnpwsiTMsi. Pe3y;ibTaThi Taxon npeflBapHTe^bHoii pa6ora 0<j>0pMJi5ii0TC5i b BHjţe 6H3HeC“njiaHa h jih , HHa^e pobo psi, nporpaMMw npeAnpHHHMaTejibcxoH AeflTejibHOcra.

3 t o t iuiaH C0CTaBji5ieTC5i na ochobc npeAJio^ceHHii npeAnpHHHMaTejien QTHOCHTejibHo 6yAym ero 6M3Heca h noMoraeT KCHKpeTH3HpoBaTb o 6 m n e npeAcraBjieHHfl no ero opraHH3au,HW. 06wmho 6H3Hec-iuiaH BXjnoMaeT b ce6fl cjieAyioiiuie ocHOBHwe pa3#ejibi: (J)HHaHcoBHe AaHHbie, MapxeTHHroBa s l HH(Jx)pMau,H5i, aHajiH3 napaMeTpoB npoAyxiţHH hjih ycjiyr, npeAnojiaraeMas i cncreM a ynpaBjieHHsi, 06cyacAeHHe 6H3Hec-iuiaHa 3aBepmaerc5i paccMOTpeHHeM 0praHH3auH0HH0H CTpyxTypu 6yAym ero npeAnpHOTHsi, a Taxate BonpocoB Hajioroo6jioaceHH5i h 6yxrajiTepcxoro y^eTa.

CocraBjieHHe 3Toro m iaua He «B^iaeTCH Heo6xoAHMHM ycjioBHeM co3gaHHfl co6cTBeHHoro A^Jia, OAHaxo MHorae tcm He MeHee npirâeraiOT x sto h npoiţeAype. 3xo ofeacHaeTCîi tcm , hto Bonpocw, B03HHxai0iiţHe b xoAe pa3pa6oTKH 6H3Hec-n;iaHa, HeH36exH0 BCTaHyT nepeA jho6hm HaMHHaionţHM npeAnpHHHMaTejieM, noaroMy hx u,ejiecoo6pa3HO pem arb 3apaHee, no xpaiuieif Mepe ao toix>, xax 6yAyT CAejiaHbi xpynHwe BJioaceHHJi xannTajia. Pa3pa6orxa 6H3Hec-njraHa npwoâpeTaeT ocoGbin cmhcji b Tex cjiyHa«x, xorAa npeAnojiaraexca Hcn0Jib30BaHHe 6aHxoBCKoro xpeAHTa, nocxojibxy jiio6oh 6aHK noTpe6yeT o t npeAnpHHHMaTejia npeAocraBjieHHsi onpeAejieHHoii HH(J)opMauHH. Uejiec006pa3H0€Tb cocTaBjieHH» 6n3Hec-njiaHa a-kh oTeMecTBeHHwx npeAnpHHHMaTejien o6ycjiOBjieHa h tcm <|)axfoM, mto 6ojibiiiHHCTBO H3 hhx He od^aAaeT AOcraTOMHWMH 3HaHH5iMH h onbiTOM b c4>epe npeAnpnHHM aTejibcxoH AeaTejibHocTH . Il0Tpe6H 0C Tb ace b p a 3 p a 6 o T x e T a x o r o a o xyMeHTa nocraBHT nepeA He06x 0AHM0CTbK) 6ojiee cepbe3H0 noAOHTH x

28

b

B o n p o c y 06 3KOHOMHMeCKOH H npaKTHUeCKOH B03M0aCH0CTH OCymeCTBJieHH5i 3ajţyM aH H oro A ^ a .

BcflKoe rcjio AOJiacHo 6biTb 0praHH30BaH0, xaic xexHOJiorHMecKH, TaK h c o u H ajib H O -n c H X O jio n m e cK H . T e x H a n o r n a c n e iţH a jiH 3 H p o B a H a r j i s i K aacAoro KOHKperHoro ACJia, coiiHajibHO-ncHxojiorHMecKafl a ce ero opraHH3aiţH5i npHHu,nnHajibHO OAHHaKOsa b o Bcex c(})epax 6H3Heca. E e 3(i)4)eKTHBHOCTb 3aBHCHT OT TOID, KaK TCi6kO 6yAyT CO^eTaTbCfl, COOTBeT-

CTBOBaTb Apyr Apyry TexHOJiorHH h HHAHBHAyajibHbie oco6eHHocrH pa6oTh h k , n pH B O A flnm x r c j i o b A B H acem ie.

O o p M a co3A aB aeM oro npeA npH flT H », p a3M ep ( k o jih uc c tbo p a 6 o T a io n ţn x ) h crp y K T y p a ( h x paccraH O BK a) onpeA e^aiO TC » n o o i e noA TBepacA eh h ji acH3Hecnoco6HC)CTH H A eii, hx cootbctctbhsi peajibH OM y n0Tpe6H Te^bC K 0M y c n p o c y . OopM HpOBaHHe c o u .n a jib H o -n c H x o jio r H ^ e ckoh opraHH3au,HH npeAnpHHTHfl HaMHHaeTca c H a 6 o p a jn o A eit, KOTOpbie craH yT nepcoH ajiO M , k o ju ic k th bo m , AaiouţHM acH3Hb AC^y- H a 6 n p a « k o MaHAy, B h 0C03H3HH0 h jih He0C03HaHH0 TBOpHTe, co3A aeT e o 6 jih k CBoeii o p r a m i3 a u H H . E e npH BjieKaTe;ibH ocTb h y c n e x 3aBHC5iT ot M opajibH w x h ACjio b h x K a^ecTB jiio ac h , npHHHBniHx yaiOBHH h np aB H jia B a r n e n n r p b i, ueHHocTH h A y x B a r n e ro A ejia.

3 .

K

A B

H

K

O 3

H

P E

r

A

H

H

S

O

B

A

T

b

3

0

x

D

E

K

T

H

B

H

b

I

H

C

B o B c e H e n p eT eH A ya Ha n o ;m o T y oxB aT a MHoroMHCJieHHHx 4)aKTopoB y c n e x a b 6 n 3 H e c e , x o T e jio c b 6 h noA ejiH T bca n o 3TOMy noBOAy HeKOTopwMH c o o 6 paaceHHAMH. H o n p eacA e o caMOM h o h h t h h Ae;iOBoro y c n e x a .

C TOMKH 3peHH5I B a in eH (J)HpMW, 3TO MOryT 6 bITb BblCOKHe nOKa3aTej!H, h x 6;ia r o n p H 5iTH aa h ycTOH^HBaa AHHaMHKa. H o yAOBjieTBopeHHe TeM, m to AOCTHrHyTO b npoiujiO M , TaHT b c e 6e on acH ocT b - B w M oaceTe 3a 6bm> o K orocypeH T ax, ypoB eH b h K a^eerBO npoAyKiţHH h y c n y r k o t o p h x n o c r o a h h o p a c r y T . Fl03T 0M y APyruM KpHTepneM y c n e x a 6 yAeT npH & raaceH H e k ;iH A epy b AaHHoif c(fcepe AeaTejibHOCTH. Y c n e x MoacHo oueH H B axb h c TOMKH3peHH5I3aBOeBaHH5IAOJIHpMHKa (B TOM MHCJie M H poBoro) h yB e^ H MeHHH e e b o BpeMeHH. Y c n e x M oacHo o iţe m iT b He T0jibK0 b p h h o h h h x K aT erop n six, h o h KaK pe3y;n>TaT 3(J)4)eKTHBHOH peopraH H 3aiţH H 4 )h p m h , co3AaHH5i TaK oro k j ih MaTa h MOTHBauMOHHOH cp eA H , KOTOpbie Ae^aiOT p a 6 o T y b H en T B o p ^ ec k o h h 6o j ie e npHBjieKaTejibHOH. IlpeA npH H H M aTe^b MoaceT He H M eib c o 6c t b c h h o h Bbm aioineH C fl h a cm , h o o h AOjiacen h 3 h t h e e , a nnaBH oe - peajiH 30B aT b. X o p o m a a HAea H yacA aeTCfl H e n p o c r o b n p o p a S o r c e , h o b npaKrawecKOM B oim om eH H H - s c e o c HOBHbie CJIOaCHOCTH H n p o 6^ eM H 0 6HMH0 B03HHK3I0T HMCHHO 3AeCb. BaacHbiM cpeACTBOM h x MHHHMH3auH H c caM oro Hawajna HBjiaeTCfl p a 3 p a 6oTKa 6H 3H ec-ru iaH a, t o e c r b B03M 0acH0 6o ; ie e n o jr a o r o BHAeHHH T o ro , m to h KaK HaAO AfcnaTb, KaKHe npecjieA O BaTb iţe jin , k 3 k h m h cpeACTBaMH h b KaKHe cpoKH h x A ocraraT b .

29

B 6H3Hece, KaK h b noBcejţHeBHOH xh3hh, cymecrByer co6jia3H npoc th x pemeHHif. MeacAy tcm pa3BA3Ka npo&ieMbi AajieKo He Bcertfa npocra hjih 6biCTpo npnxoAHT na yM. Ectb h flpyraa onacHocrt - iiohck naHaiţen hjih Mpe3MepHoe yBjieweHHe nponaraHAOH Hexoropiix iioaxoaob h mctoAOB. 3 t o Macro npHBOAHT k HeonpaBAaHHbiM oacHAaHHAM, nopoăcAaeT CTpeM/ieHHe coxpaHHTb o6pa3 h cthjib noBeAeHHA BHe 3aBHCHMOCTH o t hoBHX yCJIOBHH, BXIOFOHe 3a MOAOHIIHTaTbCfl BHCApHTb BCBOIOOpraHH3aiţHK> to , mto jih 6o npoTHBopeMHT ee npnpoAe, jih 6o He cootbeTCTByeT craAHH pa3BHTH5l, ypOBHK) 3HaHHH H KBaJIH(|)HKail,HH, 0C06eHH0CTflMnpOH3BOACTBeHHoro npoiţecca h t .a .

H h OAHa yBaxaionţax ce6si mKOjia 6n3Heca He o 6x o ah t o6y*jeHHfl ochoBaM MapKeTHHra. BeAb oaho h3 rjiaBHbix npaBHji b 6w3Hece - AyMaTb o noTpe6HTejie. OAHaxo jyix OTAejibHoro npeAnpHHHMaTejra oco6yio BaacHOCTb HMeeT He PUHOK H nOTpe6HCXTTH B006llţe, a KOHKpeTHbie pbIHKH H noTpefiHTejiH. B hxoa Ha hhx Tpe6yeT b KawecTBe npeABapHTejibHoro ycJIOBH5I CneU,HaJIbHblX pbIHOMHblX HCCJieAOBaHHH - nOJiyMeHHH AOCTOBepHblX H MaKCHMBJIbHO nOJIHHX AâHHblX O nOTeHIţHaJIbHOM cnpoce, bo3mo2khoct5ix ero c|)opMHpoBaHHfl, MOTHBax noBeAeHHfl noKynaTejisi, OT3MBVIHBOCTH nOTpe6HTejIfl Ha KOHKpeTHbie MeTOAbI CTHMyjIHpOBaHH5I cnpoca (peicjiaMy, iţeHbi, opraHH3aiţHio ToproBjiH h t.a .) .

IIpeacAe ^eM npHCTymiTb k o6cyacAeHHio xapaKTepa TOBapoB, npneMjieMHx AJifl np0H3B0ACTBa b paMKax Majioro 6n3Heca, xoTejiocb 6w euţe ynoMHHyTb 06 oahom MOMeme, a HMeHHO, o tcchoh b 3Hhmocb5I3h MeacAy TOBapaMH h ycjiyraMH, c oahoh cropoHu, h noKynaTejisiMH - c Apyron.

PaccMaTpHBaTb oaho b oTpbiBe o t APyroro 6 eccMwcjieHHO, TaK KaK TOJibKO BMecTe ohh (J)opMHpyK)T OTHOineHHfl cnpoca h npeAJioaceHHfl. B 6ojibiiiHHCTBe cjiy waeB TOBap (hjih ycjiyra), kotopw h np0H3B0AHT hjih co6npaeTCfl np0H3B0AHTb npeAnpHHHMaTejib, bxoaht b KaTeropnio pa 3yMHbix. A nocKOJibKy Bu 6op TOBapa wjih ycjiyra Bceuejio 3aBHCHT o t caMoro npeAnpHHHMaTejifl, 3Ta o6jiacrb ero AeflTejibHOCTH 3acjiy«HBaeT caMoro npHCTaji'bHoro bhhm 3h h 5i.

ITepBbiM maroM b cJjopMHpoBaHHH (kuibinnHCTBa Majiwx npeAnpHATHH ABHjiCfl b h 6op TOBapa (HAea Hamiymnero cnoco6a ero npon3BOACTBa hjih peajm3aiţHH).

Bo3bMeM aji» npHMepa OAHy (J)HpMy “A 3” . ToBap, k o to p h h Bbi6pajia (ţmpMa “A 3” juisi np0H3B0ACTBa, xapaKTepH30Bajicfl cjieAyionţHM: 1. Oh Heo6xOAHM AJI« H3rOTOBJieHH5I A PyrH X H3AejIHH. 2. 3 th APyrne H3AejiHfl np0H3B0AflTCfl b ochobhom KpynHbiMH h cnjibHblMH npOH3BOACTBeHHbIMH KOHLţepHaMH. 3. 3aAaMa <J>hpmh - KOHCTpynpoBaHHe h MexaHHHecKaa o6 pa 6oTKa KpynHwx KycKOB pa3JiHMHbix MaTepnajios, b ochobhom MeTajuios. KomnaHHfl o6 ecneMHBaeT KOHcrpyHpoBaHHe h o6pa 6oTKy, a noKynaTejib - MaTepnajibi.

4. T OBap Tpe6yeT TexHHnecKoro o6cjiyacHBaHHfl, hto rapaHTHpyeT npoAOjiaceHHe (noBTop) pa6oT.

30

5.

O&beM pa6oT, 3aKa3biBaeMHM xaxtAbiM KpynHbiM noTpe6HTejieM HeAOCTaTOMeH jjjis i Toro, uto 6h caM noTpe6HTejib 3aHHMajicsi ero BbmojmeHHeM*

6 .06pa6oTKa MaTepnajioB BbmojiHHerca Bbic0K0KBajiH(J)HulHp0BaHHbi-

mh cneiţnajiHCTaMH. 3 t o noMTH H/ţeajibHHH B u 6 o p TOBapa jj j ix np0H3B0ACTBa b paM K ax M a­ jio r o np eA np H »T H «. JţaBaH Te AeTajn»HO paccMOTpHM K axtA yio x ap aK T ep w CTHKy TOBapa.

1. T osap Heo6xoflHM. 3 to xopomee Ha^ajio. HeMajio 6buio cjiy^aeB 6aH-

KpoTCTBa Majiwx npeAnpHHTHH, npnwHHOH kotopwx «BHjiocb npeHe6peaceHHe 3TOH MHCJIbK).

C o e e m n e p e u u : b Ka^ecTBe sainero TOBapa BbrânpaHTe TaKOH TOBap hjih ycjiyry, b kotopom noTpe6HTejib HcnuTH B a c t n 0Tpe6H0CTb.

2. TOBap BKjnoMeH b TexH0Ji0FH*iecKHH npouecc TBepAO CToamHx Ha horax K p y n H w x npeflnpHHTHH (KOHiţepHOB, accoiţnaiţHH, o£h>eflHHeHHH).

3T0 nOJIO^CeHHe OTHOCHTCJI B OCHOBHOM K MajIbIM npOH3BOACTBeHHb!M (J)HpM3M H He HMeeT CTOJIb npftMOIX) OTHOQ16HHAK npeAnpHHTH5IM o6cJiy7¥LHBaHHfl. fljlfl MaJIOH npOH3BOACTBeHHOH (|)HpMM 3TO 03Ha*iaeT, MTO nOhck noTpe6HTejifl kohcmhoh npOAyKiţHH (b OTjnmne o t noncxa noTpe6HTejiH npo^yKUHH caMoii KOMnaHHH) o6 ecneMHBaeTC5iKpynHHMH, xoporno 0praHH30BaHHfalMH H xopomo (J)HH3HCHpyeMbIMH npeflnpHHTHSIMH. C o e e m e m o p o u : ajih

Majion 4)hpmh iţejiec006pa3H0 np0 H3B0jţHTb TOBa-

pbi h y c j iy r n , H cn ojib 3yeM b ie b A ajibH enm eM np0H3B0ACTBe.

3 . 3 aAaMa (JmpMbi - KOHCTpynpoBaHHe h o6pa6oTKa MaTepnajioB, nocraBjweMbix KpynHWMH npeAnpHHTHsiMH. 0 6 hmho o t 3koh y^a^e h MewaTb hc npnxoAHTC». B npaKTHKe TaKHe cjiywaH BCTpeMaiOTCsi icpairae peAKo. Hanţe Bcero Kpyimoe np0H3B0ACTseHHoe npeAnpH»rae (KOHiţepH) BbiHyagţeH noKynaTb Cbipbe h komiuickTyiomwe H3AejiHH, o6pa6aTbiBaTb hx h 3aTeM npoAaBaTb. Ror^a BjiaAejieu; Majioro npeAnpHHTHii paccKa3HBaeT BaM o cbocm to Bapoo6opoTe, cnpocHTe ero, KaKyio MacTb TOBapoo6opoTa cocraBjraeT ero Co6CTBeHHbIH TOBap. PeajIbHWH nOKa3aTeJIb npH6 bUIbHOCTH (J)HpMbI - 3TO AOxoA ot BbinojiHeHHOH en pa6oTbi, a He npoAaxHaa iţeHa kohcmhoh npoAyKU H H .

hjih 0 6 ctohmocth T O B a p a hjih M a T e p n a jia . I l p n Bbi6 o p e T O B a p a hjih ycjiyrn n o c T a p a Ă T e c b h3h th T a x o e n p 0 H 3 B0 ACTB0 , b kotopom n p H o 6 p e T e H H e H y a c h h x M a T e p n a jiO B T p e 6 o B a jio 6 bi M H H H M a jib H u x 3a T p a T c Bainew ctopohh.

4 . ToBap Tpe6yeT TmaTejibHoro o6cjiyacHBaHHH h noBTopeHHa yace b h nojiHeHHbix pa6oT. 3 th ABa CBOHCTBa TOBapa oco6chho npnBjieKaTejibHbi AJifl Majioro 6H3Heca. Bo 3MO^KHOCTb o6cjiy>KHBaHH5i npoH3BeAeHHbix H3Aejihh 5iBjiaeTC5i a^ih BjiaAejibiţa Majioro npeAnpHHTHH oahhm h3 caMbix cnjibHblX CTHMyjIOB K OTKpUTHK) COâCTBeHHOrO ACJia. C o e e m m p e m u u : B a rn a Ae^ TejibHO CTb n o n p 0 H 3 B 0 A C TB y T O B a p a

p a 6 o T K e M a T e p n a jia H M e e T iţ e jib io c o 3A a H H e TOjibKO A o n o jiH H T e jib H o n

31

Coeem Hemeepmbiu: Majiuă Macurra6 Barnero npeAnpHHTHfl n03B0jiHT BaM y^ejiHTb mhofo bhhm 3hhh o6cjiyacHBaHHio npoH3BejţCHHbix BaMH to B apoB . C T ap aM T ecb HaHTH T O B apw , o d ^ a ^ a i o m n e sthm K aM ecraoM (H e o 6xoA H M oeTb o 6c jiy a cH B a H H x ), noT O M y, mto oho o 6ecn e H H B a e T T ec H y io CBsi3b c n o T p e 6n T ejieM h ra p a H T n p y e T B 0306H 0B jieH H e p a 6oT .

5 .06beM pa 6oT, 3aKa 3HBa eMuii KaacAHM noTpe6 HTejieM, He HacTOJibKO BejiHK, mto6h eMy caMOMy 6buio BbircAHO 3aHHMaTbCH ero BbinojmeHHeM. IIoTpeSHTejiio AenieBjie KynHTb TOBapw, MeM hx npoH3BecTH. J I jisl M a jiO H (J)HpMBi B c e rA a c y m e c r B y e T y r p o 3 a n o T e p s iT b n o T p e 6 H T e ji« , eCJIH y T o r o nOflBHTCJI B03M0aCH0CTb C 3K0H 0M H Tb A eH bTH HJIH flO & ITbCH JIIO-

6 o h A p y r o H xcejia eM oft iţ e j m , 3aH& BinHCb c a M o c r o flT e jib H H M B H n o jiH e H H eM n p e A H a 3 H a M e H H w x r j i x M ajiO H K O M n a H H H p a 6 o T . H k T a K O M y o â o p o T y A e jia H a^ o 6 biTb r o r o B H M .

Coeem nsimbiu: npeH M ym ecT B O M Majioro npeA npH ftT H H HBjisieTCfl t o , m to B H n y c K a e M w e hm n a p r a n TOBapoB M o ry T 6H T b AOCTaTOMHO H e 6o j ib iiiH M H , b t o a ce BpeMA o h h 6yA yT o 6ecneM H B aT b n p w 6b u ib , T o r ^ a KaK x p y n H o e n p e A n p H H T H e AOJiacHO np0H 3B 0A tfT b c o jiH A H u e n a p r a n TOBapOB, m to 6h ao6hti>C5i p e H T a 6ejibHOCTH. C T a p a H T e c b B u 6p a T b TOBap hjih y c j i y r y , o â jia A a io m M e 3thm KaMecTBOM (oahhm H3 H e M H o rn x , H e n o c p e A C T B e H h o o 6 y c jiO B jie H H H x M a jiH M M a c u iT a 6 oM B a r n e r o n p e A rip H H T H s i) .

6. Bwcokhh ypoBeHb Hoy-xay (TexHOjiorHH). 3to KaMecTBO coBepmeHho Heo6xoAHMO, ecjiH B h acejiaeTe, mto6h Bam TOBap ytbepAHJic3 Ha mhorne roAbi, hmchho oho OTjiHnaeT HacrosmţHH TOBap ot noAAejioic.

Pa3yMHoe Hcn0Jib30BaHwe bhcokoh TexHOjiorHH HaHJiymiiHM 06pa30M 3acrpaxyeT Bac ot HecTa6HjibHoerH TOBapa.

C o e e m lu e c m o u :

M a c m T a 6 B a r n e r o n p e A n p H H T H H o rp a H H M H B a e T M a c -

m T a 6 B a r n e r o n p o n 3BOACTBa. H o b t o ace B p e M 5i o h H H ^ y T b H e o r p a m iM H s a e T B 0 3M 0acH 0C Tb BH eA p eH H si

Hoy-xay.

Y a c e OAHa 3 T a B03M 0acH0cn>

c o c T a B jiH e r BaacHbiH a c n e K T H CK jiioM HTejibH OCTH B a r n e r o T O B a p a h j ih y c j iy r n .

Coeem cedbMou: M ajibiH M a c m T a 6 B a r n e r o npeAnpnsiTHsi orpaHHMHBaeT B a u r a BjioaceHHH b ofiopyA O B aH H e n p 0H 3B0ACTBa TOBapoB. E c j i h y B a c eCTb B03M0»CH0CTb BKJiaAHBaTb A eH brH B npOH3BOACTBO OCHaCTKH 060pyAOBaHHfl, TeM CaMHM Ao 6HTbCfl HeKOTOpOH CTeneHH HCKJHOMHTejIbHOc t h , H e 6o jib m o H M a c m T a 6 B a r n e r o npeA npH siT H Ji H e 6yA eT a j i h B a c nOMeXOH B AOCTHaceHHH BblCOKOIX) ypOBHSI K0H K ypeH T 0C n 0C06H0CTH. B npoTHBHOM c jiy w a e B3aH M 00TH 0m eH H H c KOHKypeHTaM H M o ry T cjio a cH T b c a H e b B a m y n o jn > 3 y .

B c e 3 th “coBe™” A^JieKO He HCMepnbiBaiOT Bce CHTyaiţHH, KOTopwe mo-

ryT 3K3aMeHOBaTb MajiHH 6n3Hec. XoTejiocb 6u CAejiaTb jiHiiib oaho o6mee 3aMeMaHHe: npeAOcrepeMb 0TH0CHTejibH0TpaTH AeHer. X oth cyTb 6n3Heca

h co cto h t b pacxoAOBaHHH AeHer, HeKOTopwe jiioah cjihiiikom yBjieKaK>TC5i h TepjiiOT cb 5i3b c peajibHOCTbK) b Ty ace MHHyTy, Konţa y hhx OKa3HBaeTC5i b pyxax peajibHbie AeHbra Ha pacxoAbi. JI,HCUHiuiHHa, KOTopyio acmohctpnpyer uejiOBeK npn pacxoAOBaHHH AeHer, HBjiaeTCfl jiyMmHM tcctom npn oqeHKe ero xapaKTepa.

32

Enţe jiyione, ecjiH “ c b o h ” n o rp e & iT e jib He npocro onpeA ejieH ,

ho h bo b-

jie^eH KaKHM-TO 06pa30M b npoiţecc co3AaHHH TOBapa, b K o on epa iţH io c npOH3BOAHTeJieM. 3 t 0 BHOCHT B pHHOK 3JieM eHTH 0praHH30BaHH0CTH, npeACKa3yeMOCTH, AOBepHH, yAOBjiexBopeHHîi.

tom hocth

BW5iBjieHH5i noT pe6H o creH

h

nyTen

hx

B p a6oT e Ha pbiHKe ecTb o#Ha saxHasi 3anoBeAb: b h x o a î i c h o b h m t o BapoM, He crpeMHTecb cpa3y npoAaTb m h o ix ), 3aBoeBMBaHTe pbiHOK nocreneHHO, nocjieAOBaTe^bHHMH He6ojibmHMH maraMH, nojiy^asi Bce BpeMJi OTBeTHWe CHIUaJIbl.

HincaKasi AejiOBas CTpaTerna He o 6 x o a h t c « h 6e3 CBoero poAa pa3BeAKH hjih aHajiH3a ACOTejibHocTH KOHKypeHTOB. 3 to He n p o cT o nojiyMeHHe CBeAeHHH O CHJIbHHX H CJia6bIX CTOpOHaX APyrH X (J)HpM, HO H H3y^eHHe co 6 CTBeHHoii opraHH3au,HH, B03M02KH0creH yK peiuieH H » ee noTeHiţnajia. 3 xa c(J)epa HenoepeAeTBeHHO CMHKaeTCfl c MapxeTHHroM, OHa aHajra3HpyeT

pbiHOK KaK 6m CAByX CTOpOH. C OAHOH - MTOeilţe MOaceT 6bITb npeAJIOXCeHO, KaKne ecTb Apyrne BapnaHTH yAOBjieTBopeHHH AaHHbix noTpe6HocreH, xaKHe pbiHOMHbie hhuih yxce 3aH5iTH h kcm h t.a-; c APyroii - KaK HaH6ojiee onTHMajibHo AOJiacHa OTpearnpoBaTb Ha 3to Barna 4>npMa. H3y^aA KOHKypeHTOB, Heo6xOAHMO HMeTb B BHAy He TOJIbKO Tex, KTO

conepHHMaeT c BaMH ceroAHH, ho h Tex, k to m o ^ ct BCKope hjih noTeHu,HajibHO CTaTb BaniHM KOHKypeHTOM Ha pwHKe. XejiaTejibHO HMeTb o HeM MaKCHMajibHo nojiHyio HHcfropMauHio: o ero pecypcax, HaBbixax h cnoco6 hocthx, (J)opMe co6cTBeHHocTH h opraHH3aiţHH, npHopHTeTax, iţejrax H crpaTeraH, nocraBuţHKax, napTHepax h noTpe6HTejiax. Bce 3to - MaTepnaji rjm aHajiH3a h pa3pa6oTKH 6yAymnx ciţeHapneB Barnero 3kohoMHMecKoro noBeAeHHH. B 6H3Hece, KaK, Bnpo^eM, h b noBceAHeBHoit xh3hh, npn HeyAa^ax otMewaeTC^ crpeMjieHHe HaHTH hx npHTOHy b pa3jiH™wx He6jiaronpHsiThbix BHeniHHx (fraKTopax h o6cro«TejibCTBax, h ropa3AO peaee nponcxoAHT HenpeAB3HTHH CaMOaHajIH3. OAHaKO OH Heo6xOAHM - H He TOJIbKO B TpyAHbie BpeMeHa, ho h Booâme ajia o6 ecneMeHHH 34x})eKTHBHbix pe 3yjibTaTOB.

JXjisl pyKOBOAHTejieH mcjikhx cJjhpm, b Hacroflmee BpeMa o6o3HaMHjincb o6jiacTH, y^eT k o to p h x nosBonsieT b nepcneKTHBe ycnjiHTb opraHH3aiţHOHHbiif noTeHiţnaji 4>hpmh. B ot ohh: Keo6xoAHMO BHAeHHe 6 y A y m e ro (Jj h p m h

h m c t k o h crpaTeniH ero a o c t h -

3kchh5î; Heo6xoAHMa oco6a& CTpaxerH^ b o 6jiacTH MejiOBeMecKHx pecypcos, aACKBaTHan BaiimM o6nţHM ycraHOBKaM, iţejraM h npHHiţnnaM; HaAO AaTb coTpyAHHKaM noeroaHHyio B03M0>KH0CTb ofiy^aTbCfl b achctbhh, noBumaib ypoBeHb ncHHMamiH csoero ACJia h 6 n 3Heca b iţejiOM, jsjisi Mero HeooxoAHMa nejieHanpaBjieHHas pa6oTa no BHyTpHcjwpMeHHOH noAroroBKe h nepenoAroTOBKe KaAPOB, BbisrajieHHe hobhx B03M02KH0CTeH

jijisi noBbimeHH» KBajiH(})HKau,HH; ynpasjwiomHe o6 fl3aHH KyjibTHBHpoBaTb o6pa3iţbi noBeAeHHa coTpyAhhkob (noomp^Tb rpynnoByio pa6crry, MeaaJtyHKUHOHajibHbie BsaHMOAeHCTBHSI, o6mCH MH({?OpMaiX,HeH H T.A.) ;

33

ACudkho CTHMyjiHpoBaTbCfl jno6oe HOBaxopcKoe noBe^eHne; Heo6xoflHMo 3a6oTHTbC5i 06 yjiymueHHH 0praHH3aiţH0HH0H KyjibTypw (J)HpMH H TBOpMeCKOM KJ1HM3TC B Heft; HyaCHO 3a6oTHTbC5I H O IipeOflOJieHHH COnpOTHBJieHM H3MeHeHH5IM, o HapanpiBaHHH noTemţnajia nepeMeH;

HaKOHeu, He06x 0AHM0 BOBpeMa h Tpe3Bo oiţeHHBaTb BHennme yrpo3u h a^eRBarao Ha hhx pearnpoBaTb. KaK noKa3ajia npaKTHKa, 6h 3hcc - aejio oneHb pncKOBaHHoe. IloaTOMy, ecjiH Bm xoTHTe Ao6wThC5i ycnexa, - HajiaacHBairre OTHomeHHH c jiioflbMH. floBepne - 3to t3koh ace KanHTaji, KaK AeHbra, TexHOjiorn», a Macro Aaace 6ojibme. Bce sto noATBepayţaeT OAHy npocryio HCTHHy - ycnexa zţo6nBaK)TC5i jiioah. Ho jiioah ace ^ejiaiOT h ouih 6kh. Ohh’ ckjiohhh yBjieKaTbca, nepeoii;eHHBaTb pe3yjn»TaTH, 3aKpuBaTb r;ia3a Ha HeAOcraTKH. Ho ycnex He BeneH. Oh TcuibKO Torzţa peajieH, Kor^a nozwepacHBaexca h pa3BHBaeTcsi, Kor^a 6n 3Hec AewcTBHTejibHO CTpeMHTC» k coBepmeHCTBy h npeBocX O flCTB y.

4. K A K H 3E E > K A T b IIP E A IIP H H H M A T E J IIO B O J I b lD H X H A J I O r O B * Heo 6xoflHMocTb 6wcrporo HaKOiuieHH5i HaKoiuieHHa KamiTajiOB b ycjiobhax ycmiHBaiomerocH HajioroBoro npecca co ctopohh Pocchhckoix) rocyAapcrBa h rocyAapcTB C H r TOjiKaeT npeAnpHHHMaTejieH Ha noHCK h Hcn0Jib30BaHwe jiio 6mx B03M0acH0creH a-hh HeyiuiaTbi Hajioros. TeM 60jiee, wto y 98 % HacejieHHa HeT MHHHMajibHoro KanHTajia ajm BcryiuieHHfl b 6n3Hec. CeMb AecHTHjieTHH ypaBHHjioBKH ocTaBHjiH noAaBjisnomyio Macre» rpaacAaH C H r npaKTHMecKH 6e3 c6epeaceHHH. n o AaHHUM onpoca, npoBeAeHHoro B LţH O M b KOHiţe 1992 r., ;mmb 2 onpomeHHHx hmcjih c6epeaceHH« Ha cyMMy, npeBwmaioiutyK) 10 th c . py 6., (J)opMajibHbiM mhHHMyM AJifl perMcrpauHH co6cTBeHHoro npeAnpH^TH». B ycjiOBHHx OTcyTCTBH51 KanHTajIOB 6bICTpoe CTaHOBJieHHe MaCTHHX (J)OpM npeAnpHHHMaTejibCTBa Tpe6yeT H&cjiioMHTejibHO 6jiaronpH«THoro peacnMa Hajioroo 6jioaceHHfl, KaK b othouichhh npnâbuieif BHOBb co3AaBaeMi>ix npeAnpHHTHH, 0C06eHH0 b Macra peHHB ecTHiţHH, Tax h b 0TH0nieHHH jihm-

%

HblXAOXOAOB. OcHOBy CHCTeMbi Hajioroo6jioaceHH5i b Pocchhckoh OeAepaiţHH o6pasyio t cjieAyion^He Hajiorn: 1. Hajior Ha Ao6asjieHHyio croHMocTb b pa 3Mepe 28 %, 3aMeHHBuiHH c 1992 r. BBeAeHHHH ix)aom paHee 5 % Hajior c npoAaac h no nopaAKy hcmhcjieHHfl OTjiHMaionţHHC^ o t Hero ronbKO yMeHbineHHeM nepeMHH jibrox.

* n o A p o 6 iie e cm . k h .: K w n ep M a ii T.H., Bejiajioe A.3. H a n o ro o S jio w e H M e n p e # n p H H t h h h rpaM A aH P o c c h h c k o h O e ^ e p a u H H . - M.: MBU, “AMTOJIAH”, 1 9 9 2 . - 2 1 0 c.; Bejisuios A.3. KaK H36e>KaTb n p e ^ n p h h th h m 6 ojibuiH X p o c c h h c k h x iiajioros. - M .: MBU, “ AMTOJIAH”, 1 9 9 2 . - 5 0 c.; Bejiajiou A.3. “ K aK H36em aT b rpa>K ^anaM 6 o jib iiih x H a jio ro s - M.î MBU, ” AHTOJIAH”, 1 9 9 2 . - 6 0 c.

34

2. Hajior c npn6fcum, Jibrora no KoropoMy b 1992 r. no cpaBHeHino c npeflHAymHM toaom 3HaMHxejibHO ype3aHH. TaK, ecjm paHbine Majine npe^npHiiTHa b nepBHH toa zţe5iTejibHocTH njiaTHjm 25% o t npHMHTaionţeâcH cyMMH, a BTopoii roA cootb ctctbeHho - 50% , to Tenepb 3Ta jibixyra OTMCHCHa. CTaBKa Hajiora cocraBjiaeT b Hacroamee BpeMsi 32%. K npn6hjih o6jiaraeMOH HajioroM, Ao6aBjiiieTCJi Taicace Macrb 3apa6oTHon iuiat h , npeBwmaiomasi b pac^eTe Ha oahopo paâoTatonţero 4 MHHHMajibHwx oicjiafla.

3. IIjiaTeacH b 6iOAaceT Ha rocyftapcTBeHHoe counajibHoe crpaxoBaHHe h b neHCHOHHHH 4>oha b pa3Mepe ao 37 % ot HaMHCJiemioH 3apa6oTHoâ iuiaTH* IIpn^eM, ecran b 1991 r. 3th iuiaTeacn HaMHCJisuiHCbTO^bKOHa bhimaTH paâoTaionţHM no TpyAOBHMAoroBopaM, to c 1992 r. ohh HaHHOialOTca Taicace h Ha BunjiaTbi no rpaacAaHCKO-npaBOBHM AoroBopaM c (J)H3HuecKHMH jiHiţaMH (AoroBop noAP»Aa h AoroBop nopyueHH5i) h Aaace no cyMMaM aBTopcKoro B03HarpaacAeHHH. 4. Hajiora Ha aoxoah (J)h3hmcckhx ;miţ no nporpeccHBHOH micajie.

TaKHM 06pa30M, HaMHHaionţHH 6w3HecMeH 0Ka3HBaeTCH noA TiiacejiHM

HajioroBhiM 6peMeHeM. IIojioaceHHe ycyry6ji5ieTCH eiiţe h tcm, mto bccm npeAnpHHTHAM 3anpenţeHH npaxTHMecKH jnoâne BwiuiaTM HajumHHMH, He CBii3aHHbie c oiuiaTon TpyAa pa 6orHHicoB, a 6aHKaM BMeHeHO b o6«3aHHOCTb KOHTpOJIHpOBaTb npeAnpHflTHH B ViaCTH HCn0JIb30BaHHH HaJIH^HblX CpeACTB. IIpeAnpHHHMaTe^flM m nojioaceHHii.

h

MoaceM nocoBeroBaTb HecKOjibKO bwxoaob h3

H ajior Ha Ao6aBjieHHyio

CTOHMOCTb

MoacHo

yMeHbinHTb Hcnojib3y 5i

cjieAyionţHe cnoco6bi:

AoroBapHBanTecb CKjiweHTaMH o nop«AKe pacneTOB 3a Tosap.

JţonycTHM, Bama npoAyiciţHfl ctoht 1 mjih py6. IIoKynaTejiio oh 6yAeT croHTb yace 1 mjih 280 THC.py6., a ecjin noKynaTe^b nocpeAHHK, to oh BHHyacAeH 6yAer noAHHMaTb iţeHy Aajibnie. BwroAHee AoroBopHTbCJi c noKynaTe^eM, mto6m oh 3aiuiamji 500 rac. py6. 3a TOBap, a 500 thc. py6.

nepeBeji b Bani 4>oha pa3BHTH«. Hajior Ha Ao6aBjieHHyio ctohmoctb HaAO iuiaraTb y ace m/ibico c nepBbix 500 thc. py6.

C;i^ 6oe Mecro 3Aecb 3aKjnoMaeTCH b tom, mto cpeACTBa (b HameM npnMepe 500 thc. py 6 .), nocrynHBinHe b (J)oha pa3BHTira, Bce paBHO o6jiaralOTCfl HajioroM - Ha npnâbuib. Ho mia 3Toro cynţecTByiOT cnoco 6n coKpauţeHHfl Hajiora Ha npn6n^b (cm. HHace).

K a x MoacHo nojiHee wcnojib3yHTe jibroTM no Hajiory.

O t Hajiora Ha Ao6aBjieHHyio CTOHMOCTb ocBo6oHCAaK>TC5i: TOBapn (pa6oTH, ycjiyni), 3KcnoprapyeMHe 3a npeAejiH rocyAapcTB MjieHOB 3 K0H0MH*iecK0r 0 coo6mecTBa, a Taicace ycjiyra no TpaHcnoprapoBKe, norpy3xe, pa3rpy3Ke, neperpy3ice 3KcnoprnpyeMHx tobbpob h npn TpaH3HTe HHOCTpaHHHX rpy 30B Mepe3 TeppHTopHio PCOCP; TOBapn h ycjiyra, npeAHa3HaweHHHe una o(J)HitfiajibHoro n0Jib30BaHH5i HHOCTpaHHHX AHiuibMaTHMecKHx

h

npupaBHeHHHx

k hhm

npeACTaBH-

35

TeJlbCTB, a TaKXCe JJJMJIHMH0IK) n0JIb30BaHH5I MJieHOB AHIUIOMaTHMeCKOrO H aflMHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeXHHTCCKOrO IiepCOHaJia 3THX IipeflCTaBMTejIbCTB, BKjiioMaH mjichob hx ceMeii, npoxHBaionţHx BMecre c hmmh; ycjiyrH ropoffCKoro naccaacHpcxoro TpaHcnopra (kpomc Taxcn), a Taie­ r e ycjiyra no nepeB03KaM naccaxHpoB b npnropoAHOM cooânţeHHH MopCKHM, peMHHM, >Kejie3HOAOpO»CHMMH aBT0M06ltftbHbIM TpaHCnopTOM; KBapTHpHaji ruiaTa; ctohmoctb BbncynaeMoro b nopsmice npHBaTH3aiiHH HMynţecrBa rocyjţapcTBCHHLix npeanpuflTHH, a Taxate apeHAHaa iuiaTa no apeHAHHM npeflnpusiTHHM, 06pa30BaHHbiM Ha 6a3e rocyAapcTBeHHbix npeAnpHATHH; onepauHH no CTpaxoBaHmo h nepecrpaxoBaHHK), BbmaMa h nepe^awa ceyA, a Taxate onepauHH, coBepniaeMwe no achc^ chum BKjiaAaM, pac^eTHbiM, TeKynţHM h APyr«M cueraM; onepauHH, CB5i3aHHwe c oâpanţeHneM bbjiiotm, ACHer, 6aHKHOT, jibjisilonţHxca 3aKOHHHMH cpcACTBaMH iuiaTeaca (KpoMe Hcnojib3yeMHx b HyMH3MaraqecKHx iţejiax ), a Taxate iţeHHbix 6 yMar (axiţHH, od/iHraiţHH, cepTH(J)HKaTw , Beiccejifl h ap.) ; npOAaaca nOMTOBHX MapOK (KpOMe XOJUieXIţHOHHblX) , MapKHpOBaHHblX OTKpbiTOK, KOHBepTOB, jioTepeHHwx 6hjictob; .

AencTBH5i, BbinojiHseMbie cneiţHajibHO ynojiHOMOMeHHWMH Ha to opraH3MH, 3a OKa3aHHe k o to p hx B3HMaeTC5i rocyAapcTBeHHaH nonuiMHa, a Taxate ycnym , oxa3WBaeMbie HJieHaMH xojuiemH aABOxaros h nepeBOAMHK3MH H H O C Tp a H H H X 5I3HKOB; 060p0TH K33HHO, HrpOBHX aBTOM3TOB, BHHrpHIHH HO CTaBKaM Ha HnnoApoMax; ycjiyrn b ccjîepe HapoAHoro 06pa30BaHH5i, CB5K3aHHue c yMe6Ho-npow3BOACTBeHHBiM npoiţeccoM, njiaTa 3a o6 y^eHHe a c tc h h noApocTKOB b xpyatxax, cexiţHsix, cryAHax, ciiopthbhhx coopyateHHax, a Taxate ycjiyra no coAepacaHHio AeTew b AomxojibHwx ywpeatAeHHsix h no yxoAy 3a 6ojibHbiMH h npecTapejibiMH; BbmaMa, ycrynxa h nojiyMeHHe naTeHTOB, aBTopcKHx npas, jimţeH 3HH; PHTyajibHwe ycjiyrn noxopoHHbix 6iopo, Kjiajs&nm h xpeMaTopneB, npoBeAenne o6p*iaob h iţepeMOHHH pejmrH03HHMH opraHH3auH5iMH; ycjiyrH y^peacAerniH xyjibTypu h HCKyccTBa, TeaTpajibHo-3pejiHnţHbie, cnopTHBHbie, KyjibTypH0-np 0CBeTHTejibCKHe, pa3BJiexaTe;ibHbie MeponPH5ITH5I, BKJIIOMafl BHAeonoxas; riayMHO-HCCiieAOBaTejibCKHe h 0nbiTH0-K0HCTpyKT0pcKHe pa 6oTH, b h nojiHHeMwe 3a chzt roc 6ioA^eTa, h xo3AoroBopHbie, BwnoAHsieMbie o6pa30BaTejibHbiMH yMpeacAeHHAMH. BpeMA Hajiora Ha npH6 ujib MoatHo ofoeniHTb c/ieAyiomHMH cnoco6amh:

1. yMeHbuienue cyMM najioea 3a cnem onmuMU3au,uu cmpyKmypu ce deemouMoemu npou36odcmQa u pecuiu3au,uu npodyKiţuu.

Heo 6 xOAHMO yBejIHHHTb CyMMy aM0pTM3aUH0HHbIX OTHMCJieHHH Ha nOJIHOe BOCCTaHOBJieHHe OCHOBHUX IipOM3BOACTBeHHbIX ())OHAOB.

36

ÂMOpTH3aUHOHHHe OTWHCJieHHfl 3ailHMaiOT 3HaHHTeJIbHyiO flOJIK) B crpyKType ce 6 ecTOHMOCTH npoAyKiţiiH. Hx yBejimeHHe no3Bo;iHeT: bonepBbix, noBbiCHTb ce6ecroHMocTb npoAyKiţHH h xeM caMbiM yMeHbiiiHTb npM6huib npeflnpHHTHH, a 3HaMMT coorBercTBeHHO HecKOJibKO yMeHbimiTb a 6cojnoTHyio cyMMy HajioroB c npHSbum; bo-btophx, aMopTH3aunoHHbie OTMHCJieHHfl HanpaBjiHioTCfl b <j)oha pa3BMTH5i np0H3B0ACTBa h Hcnojib3y~ lOTCfl B K aM eC T B e (J)HHaHCOBOrO HCTOMHHKa BO CnpO H 3 BO flCTBa OCHOBHblX n pO H 3 BOACTBeHHblX (J)OHflOB.

H eo 6 xO^HMO yBejlMHMBaTb AOJIfO OCHOBHblX npOM3B0ACTBCHHbIX(})OpAOB B oâllţeH BejlHHHHe OCHOBHblX (})OHAOB. Kax H3BecTHO, ochobhhc (})oham npeanpHHTHfl noflpasAejifliOTCfl Ha npOHSBOACTBeHHbie H HCnpOH3BOZţCTBCHHbie. B Ce6eCTOHMOCTb IipOflyKU,HM BXOflflT 3aTpaTbI Ha peMOHT TOJIbKO no OCHOBHbIM npOH3BOACTBeHHHM (jx)HjţaM, a coaepxaHHe ochobhmx np 0H3B0ACTBeHHbix 4x>haob (o6t>cktm 3flpaB00xpaHeHH5i, KyjibTypm, cnopra, AeTcaAM h Ap.) ocymecrBjmeTCsi 3a CMeT npnâbuiH npeanpHflTHH. Oxcio^a BbrreKaeT HHTepec k yBejinqeHHIO AOJ1H OCHOBHblX npOH3BOACTBeHHWX (J)OHAOB 3a CMCT paiţHOHaJIbHOIX) npeo6pa30BaHHH (nepenpoţjHuiHpoBaHHa) Henp0H3B0ACTBeHHHx <J>ohaob b np 0H3B0ACTBeHHwe. HanpHMep, OTAejibHO CToamne o&beKTb! KyjibTypHO-cnopTHBHbix komiuickcob npeo6pa30BaTb (peKOHCTpywpoBaTb) b iiiBeimbie iţexa, np0H3B0ACTBeHHbie MacTepcKHe h T.n.

K o h c w h o , 3 t h M ep on p H H T H fl c jie A y e T A e ^ a T b b p a 3 y M H H x n p e A e ^ a x .

H e j i b 3 fl Bce H e n p 0 H3 B 0 A C TB eH H w e c^ohah n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a T b b n p 0 H 3 B 0 ACTB e H H b ie . H t o - t o H y acH o o c T a B H T b h H a c o iţH a jib H O - K y jib T y p H b ie H y a c a h npeAnpHHTHH (oco6 eHHo a c TcaAM, ( x v ib H H iţb i). H o, TeM He MeHee, b h h -

HeiUHHX dOaCHHX 3K0H0MHMeCKHX yCJIOBHHX COKpaiIjeHHe 3aTpaT Ha co-

UHajibHo-KyjibTypHbie pacxoAw Hew36e>KHO. /ţoBeAMTe pacxoAM Ha oruiaTy TpyAa ao HopMaTHBHoro ypOBH».

B 1 9 9 2 r. HopMHpyeMaa BejiHMHH6a pacxoAOB Ha oiuiaTy TpyAa onpe-

Ae^aercji, hcxoa» H3 cj)aKTHMecKOHcpeAHeMecanHOH o iu iara TpyAa pa6oTH HKOB, 3aH5ITUX B OCHOBHOM A^^Te^bHOCTH, B HaCTH, OTHOCHMOH Ha ce6ecroHMocTb npoAyKiţHH ( h o He Bbirne MenjpexKpaTHoro pa3Mepa m h HHMcUibHOH o n ji a T w T p y A a , y craH O B jieH H O H h H H A eK cn py eM O H b 3 aKO H O A ^T ejib H O M n o p s i A K e ) , h (J)aKTH M ecKO H cp e A H ec n n co M H O H M H a ie H H O c r a 3 T 0 H KaTeropHH p a 60THHK0B* n p H 3TOM B CpeAHeCnHCOMHyiO MHC/ieHHOCTb, KaK OTMeMajIOCb, bkjiio-

MaiOTCH TaKace paâoraiomne no AorosopaM noAP^Aa, ApyrHM AoroBopaM rp aacA a H C K 0 - n p a B 0 B 0 r 0 x a p a K T e p a h co B M ec T H T e jib C T B y .

IloAHHMHTe 3aTpaTbi Ha pa 6 oTbi w ycjiym , BbinojiHeHHbie AonepHHMH n p e A n p H flT H A M H .

B COOTBeTCTBHH C CyiIţeCTByiOmHM 33KOHOAaTeJIbCTBOM npeAnpH5ITHfl HMeioT npaBO co3AaBaTb AOviepHHe ( b j o m MHCJie h Majiwe) npeAnpH«TH5i c npaBOM iopHÂHMecKoro jiHiţa. HeK0T0pwe BHOBb co3AaBaeMwe Majiwe npeAnpMTHsi h m c i o t iirapoKHe HajioroBbie jibrora. TaK, b nepBwe ABa roAa paSoTu (c w ra a co ah a perHCTpaiţHH) ocBo6oacAeHbi o t ynjiaTH Hajiora Ha npnâbuib Majiue npeAnpHHTHH no npon 3BOACTBy TOBapoB HapoAnoro

37

noTpe6;ieHH5i, np 0H3B0flCTBy h nepepa 6oTKe cejibCK0X03îiHCTBeHH0H npoflyKUiHH, CTpOHTejIbHHe H peMOHTHO-CTpOHTeJIbHbie.

TaK b o t, nepejţaB, hm n a c T b p a 6 o T h y c j i y r n p 0 H 3 B 0 A C T B e H H 0 ro x a p a K T e p a , n p e fln p H O T H e 6 y A e T BKjiiOM 3Tb hx y c j i y r a b cboh 3 a T p a T b i, b p e 3 y ;ib T a T e ^ e ro ce 6 ecTOHMOcrb n p o A y K iţH H itobhchtcsi, a o â jia r a e M a a npn6buih CHH3HTCH.

3 th m caMHM B h H36eraeTe HajioroB Ha BHnojiHeHHe s th x pa6oT h ycjiyr, h n p n 3tom npeAOcraBjiHeTe B03M0;>KH0CTb yKpenHTbCH b (J)hh3hcobom OTHOineHHH Ao^epHHM npeAnpHflTHAM. MHorne (ţmpMH Hcnojib3yioT npHMepHO tskhm oâpasoM AO^epHHe npeAnpnsiTHsi wisi nepexa^KH 6e3HajiHMHhix jţeHer b HajiHMHwe. BxjiaAbiBaMTe ACHbra b pau,H0HajiH33T0pcTB0 h H3o6peTaTejibCTBo. 3 t 0 BHFOAHO B CB5I3H CTeM, MTO paCXOAU, C B H 3 aH H H e C H3o6peTafeJIbctbom h pau,H0HajiH3aT0pcTB0M, BKjiioMa» pacxoAH Ha npOBeAeHHe OHHTHO-3KcnepHMeHTajibHHx pa 6oT, H3r0T0BjieHHe h HcnHTaHHe Mo^ejien h o6 pa 3u.oB no H3o6peTeHHHM h paiţH0H3JiH33T0pcKHM npeA/xoaceHHjiM, no OpraHH3aiţHH BbICTaBOK H CMOTpOB, KOHKypCOB H ApyrHX MeponpHHTHH no H3o6 peTaTejibCTBy h pau,H0HajiH3aT0pcTBy, BHiuiaTH aBTopcKHx B03HarpaacAeHHH h Apyrne pacxoAH BKjiioMaiOTca b ce6 ecTOHMOcrb npoAyKUHH. H e K O T o p b ie (Jm p M H n o A bhbcckok bhctsbok h CM 0 T p 0 B -K 0 H K y p a ) B n o H 3 o 6 p e T a T e ;ib C T B y npoBOAflT KOMMepnecKHe bhct3bkh h M e p o n p m iT H si h C n H C H B a iO T 33 T p 3 T H H a Ce 6 eCTOHM OCTb n p O A y K U H H n o 3T0H C T a T b e , y M e H b in a n tcm csmhm p a s M e p o6meii n p n â b m H , a 3H3^ k t h pa3Mep hsjioro B .

2. m ou

yMeHbiuenue cyMM ncuioza 3a cnem CHiixceniiH eejiunuHbi o6jiazae npudbuiu.

Pea jiH3y MTe aKu.nn, o 6jinraLţHH w HHbie iţeHHbie 6 yMarn npeAnpu h th h. ÂKU,HOHepHbie (J)OpMbI npeAnpHHHMaTe^bCMTBa - 3T0 OAHH H3 CaMHX 3(J)(|)eKTHBHHX CIIOCOSOB npHBJieMCHHSI CpeACTB Ha npOH3BOACTBeHHOe H cou,HanbHoe p33BHrae. KpoMe Toro, 6ajiaHC0Baa npH6buib yMeHbuiaeTca Ha cyMMy ahbha&haob, nojiy^eHHHx no aKupuiM, o6jiht3u,hsim h hhhm iţeHHHM 6yMaraM, npHH3AJie>K3iiţHM npeAnpHflTHio. 3 ra

AO X O A H

(A H B H A e H A H , n p O Iţe H T H ) BH M H TaiO TC fl H3 63JI3HCOBOH

npn6buiH no pa3HHM coo6p3aceHH5iM: а) ecKH aoxoah (npouenru) nojiy^eHH no rocyAapcrBeHHHM iţeHHHM 6yMaraM (cepTH(J)HKaTaM BaHKa Pocchh, K33H3*ieHCKHM o6H3aTe;ibCTBaM, od/mrauHsiM), to ohh HajioroM He o6^araK)TC5i; б) ecjiH aoxoah (AHBHAeHAH) nojiyweHH no npHHSAJieacsmHM

npeAnpHHTHio aKiţnaM aKiţHOHepHHx o6mecTB, KOMMepwecKHx 6aHKOB h T.n., to ohh o&iaraK)TC5i HajioroM, ho no hhoh craBKe - 15% . KpoMe Toro, no ycraHOBjieHHOMy nopaAKy 3th Hajionn B3HM3iOTC5i y hctomhhks aoxoAa. 3 to 3H3HHT, mto, ecjiH, HanpHMep, npeAnpHHTHK) npHH3A^iexc3T aKUhh AO “ K A M A 3 ” h no HTor3M 1991 r. H3 hhx HaMHG/ieHH ahahachaw b p33Mepe 20 thc. py6., to 3KunoHepHoe o6mecrBo csmo yAep«HB3 eT H3Jior b p33Mepe 15 %*, to ecTb 3 thc. py6., h npeAnpHHTHe-Aep^caTe^b (co6ctBeHHHK) 3KUHH no^yuser 17 THC. py6. Ec/IH C 3T0H CyMMH B3HCK3Tb Ha-

38

j i o r , t o 3 t o n p M B efleT k a b o h h o m y H a jio r o o fijio a c e H H io , cy M M w H a j io r 6 y « e T B 3 b ic x a H a B a a tA b i.

HCTOMHHKa) B 3 M M a ercîi H a jio r h HOCTH flpyT H X npeAnpH SITH H .

B TaxoM

c f lo x o f la

c oahoh

m t o h ace

a c e n o p s iA x e ( t o

ecrb,

y

o t a o j ic b o ix ) y ^ a c T H » b a e a T e j ib -

npoflBHTe HHHiţHâTHBy b OTHOiueHHHx c MecTHbiMH opraHaMM rocyAapCTBeHHOH BjiacTH no yTBepxaetiHio HOpMaTHBOB saTpaT Ha coAepataHwe ochobhhx HenpOH3BOACTBeHHbix (J)ohaob C j ie A y e T o 6 paT H T b B H H M aH n e H a t o , m to H opM aT H B H 3 a T p a T H a c o A epacaH H e H a x o A f ln ţ n x c s i Ha 6 a j ia H c e n p eA n p H îiT H J i o& bexT O B 3 flpaB O O X paH eH H H , flOMOB HHBaJIHAOB, fleTCKHX AOHIXOJIbHHX

yqpeacAeHHH, nnoHepcKHx jiarepew, o6beKTOB xyjibTypb* m cnopra, yqpeacAeHHii HapoAHoro 06pa30BaHHa, a Taicace O&bexTOB acHjmmHoro (ţx>HAa, a cooTBeTcrBeHHo h a 6cojiK>THafl cyMMa CHHaceHHs ofwiaraeMoro Aoxofla yTBepacAaeTca m ccthhm h opraHaMH rocyAapcTBeHHOH BjiacTH. B 3aKOHe He ycraHOBjieHO, xaxHMH MoryT 6wTb HopMaTHBw: CpeAHeOTpaCJieBblMH (rpynnOBHMH) HJIH HHAHBHAyaJIbHbIMH* IIOCKOJIbKy SaKOH He HcxjnoMaer HHAHBHAyajibHux HOpMaTHBOB, npeAnpHHTHsiM CjieAyeT b 6jmacaHiuee BpeMH caMHM npeAcraBHTb b MecTHHe opraHH roCyAapCTBeHHOH BJiaCTH CBOH npoeKTbl HHAHBHAyaJIbHUX HOpMaTHBOB Ha coAepacaHHe yxa3aHHbix O&bexTOB. BxjiaAbiBaHTe cpeACTBa b TexHHnecxoe nepeBOOpyaceHHe h peKOHCTpyKUHIO npeAnpHATHM. 3 aK 0 H o

H a j io r a x H a n p n 6 b u ib n p e A o c T a B jia e T c e p b e 3 H b ie j i b r o r a

n p eA n p H H T H flM n o T e x H H q e c x o M y n e p e B O o p y a c e H H io h p e x o H c r p y x iţ H H n p eA n p H siT H H . T a x , o 6 jia r a e M a $ i H a jio ro M n p n 6 b u ib yM eH b m aeT C si Ha c y M m h , H a n p a B jie H H b ie H a T e x H H ^ e c x o e n e p e B O o p y a c e H H e , p e x o H C T p y x u ,H io , p a c n m p e H H e , o c B o e H H e n p 0 H 3 B 0 ACTBa, H a b b o a h o b h x m o u ^ h o c t c h a H a n p e A n p n k T H flx HecJrrsiHOH h yrojib H O H n p oM b iiiu ieH H O C T H , Ha n p c A n p H s i t h s x n o n p 0 H 3 B0 ACTfiy m c a h i j h h c x o h t c x h h k h h o 6 opyA O B aH H 5i AJifl n e p c p a 6 oTKH n p o A y x T O B nH T aH H si, a T a x a c e H a n p e A n p iw T H f lx n o n p O H 3 BOACTBy npOAOBOJIbCTBH 5I, MCAHXaMCHTOB H TOBapOB HapOAHOFO n o T p e 6 jieH H 5i ( n o n e p e ^ H i o , o n p eA ejra eM O M y npaB H T ejibC T B O M P o c c h h c x o if O e A e p a u H H ). rjia B H b iH HeAOcraTOx 3axjnowaeTC5i b t o m , m to 3Ta jibroTa npeAOcraBjieHa He b c c m npeAnpHflTHHM, a jmiiib y 3X0My xpyry npeAnpnaTHH onpeAejieHHbix OTpacjieiiHapoAHoro xo3HHCTBa. .

BMecTe c tcm o t npaBHTejibCTBa Pocchhcxoh OeAepaiţHH oieAyeT oacnAaTb b 6yAymeM pacumpeHHsi xpyra npeAnpHHTHH, nojn>3yioiiţHxc5i s to h JIbrOTOH. 3.

H 3 6 e x a H u e e o 3 M o * c n b ix c y M M n c u io z a 3 a c n e m p a s jiU H H b ix M U K O - n p a e o e b ix M e p o n p u s im u u

skoho

BHHMaTejibHO cjieAHTe 3a H3MeHeHH5iMH b 3ax0H0AaTejibCTBe b qacTM HajioroBwx jibroT. OapaH Tecb ncn0Jib30BaTb a ra jibroTbi 3a cneT m 6 ROH aXOHOMHHeCKOH nOJIHTMKH npeAnpMHTHfl. n o cpaBHeHHio c npeacHHM nopaAxoM, AeHCTBOBaBiuHM b 1991 r., b chcreMe jibroT npoH3omjiH cymecTBeHHwe H3MeHeHH5i. n o npeacHeii CHCTe-

39

-

Me oânaraeMasi npnâbuib yMeHbniajiacb Ha 30% 3aTpaT Ha npoBefleHHe HHOKP, noflroTOBKy h ocBoeHHe hobhx nporpeccHBHwx TexHOjiorHH h bhaob npoflyxuHH. T enepb xee o t Hajiora ocBo6o«AaeTCH npeofwiaflaiomafl MacTb npnâbuiH, HanpaBjifleMaa Ha pa3BHTHe np0H3B0ACTBa: bch npn 6buib, HanpaB^eHHan Ha TexHH^ecKoe nepeBOopyaceHHe, peKOHCTpyKiţHio, pacmnpeHHe np0H3B0Acroa, bboa MonţHOCTeH no np0H3B0ACTBy TOBapoB Hapo^Horo noTpe6jieHH5i, npoAyKTOB mrraHHfl, MexţHKaMeHTOB h ap* (npaB^a, He no bccm BH^aM npezţnpHHTHH).

Hobhm ajieMeHTOM b CHCTeMe jibroT 5iBji5ieTC5i ocBo6o ^ e H H e o t Hajiora 50% npnâbuiH np^npHflTHH, HanpaBjieHHOH Ha oxa3aHHe noMonţH cbohm pa 6oTHHKaM flJIfl HHAHBHAyajIbHOrO H KOOnepaTHBHOrO XHJIHIIţHOrO CTpOHTCJIbCTBa. H3MeHHjicH noflxofl k Haji0ix)B0My CTHMyjinpoBaHHio npHMeHeHwa Tpy^a neHCHOHepoB h HHBajiHAOB, npn^eM b npoTHBonojioxHbix

HanpaBjteHHHx: HajioroBoe CTHMyjiHpoBaHHe npHMeHeHHsi Tpy^a neHcnoHepoB OTMeHeHO, a Tpy^a HHBajiHAOB - ycmieHO. Ecjih aojih HHBajiHAOB b o6nţen MHCJieHHOCTH pa 6oTamnx cocTaBjweT He MeHee 50%, to craBKa Hajiora Ha npn6buib yMeHbmaerca Ha 50%. Ho, KaK b 3tom, TaK h bo Bcex aHajiomMHbix cjiywaax, b o6myio MHCJieHH0CTbBKjno^aioTCJi pa&rraiomHe no AoroBopaM noAP^Aa, hhhm AoroBopaM rpaxAaHCKO-npaBOBOix) xapaKTepa h no coBMecrHTejibCTBy. Ynpa3AHeHa jibixyra, KacaBuiaacn 0Ka3aHH5i noMouţn cejn>CK0X03siHCTBeHHbiM npeAnpHATHjiM b pa3BHTHH hx MaTepnajibHOH 6a 3H, 0Ha h paHbnie 6buia HeBejiHKa (2% npnâbuiH), a Tenepb ee HeT. CymecTBeHHO H3MeHeHH ycjiOBHH Hajioroo6jio>KeHH5i Majiwx npeAnpHATHH: H3 *mcjia npeAnpn a th h , ocBo6o»AaeMbix o t ynjiaTM Hajio­ ra b nepBbie Asa roAa pa 6oTH (c^HTasi co ah a peracTpau,HH), HCKjiiOHeHbi BHeApeHHecKwe ripeAnpHJiTHJi; Tenepb jn>roTa pacnpocTpaHaeTCH TOJibKO Ha npeAnpHATHH no np0H3B0ACTBy TOBapos HapoAHoro noTpe6jieHH«, CTpOHTejIbHbie, peMOHTHO-CTpOHTeJIbHHe H no npOH3BOACTBy crpoHTejibHHx MaTepnajiOB (noApo6Hee o jibroTax Ha Hajiorn Majibix npeAnpnîiTHH H3Jiarajiocb Bbirne) He noAJieacHT HajiorooâjioaceHHio npnâbuib: pejiHrH03Hbix opraHM3auHH (o6 beAHHeHHH) o t KyjibTOBOH Ae«Tejn>HOc th h peajiH3aiţHH npeAMeTOB, Heo6 xoAHMux jjjisl coBepmeHM KyjibTa; ofimecTBeHHux opraHH3aiţHH HHBajiHAOB, a TaroKe HaxoAsniţnxcsi b co6 CTBeHHOCTH 3THX OpraHH3aiţHH yqpeJKACHHH, npeAnpiIHTHH H o6 beAHHeh h h b Macra, HanpaBji^eMOH Ha ycraBHyio Ae«TejibHOCTb s th x opraHH3auHn; cneu,HajiH3HpOBaHHbix npoTe3HO-oproneAH^ecKHx npeAnpHsmiH; OT npOH3BOACTBa TeXHHMeCKHX CpeACTB npO(J)HJiaKTHKH HHBaJIHAHOCTH h peaânjiHTaiţHH HHBajiHAOB; OT npOH3BOACTBa npOAyKUHH TpaAHUHOHHHX HapOAHHX npOMbICJlOB MajiOMHCJieHHwx HapoAOB, ecjiH b o6men MHCJieHHOCTH pafxyraiomHx Ha npeAnpHSITHflH JIHIţa KOpeHHOH HaiţHOHajIbHOCTH COCTaBJIHIOT 70%.

40

Hobhm b CHCTeMe jibroT sLEjinercn nojiCHKeHne, CBH3aHHoe c noKpHTMeM y 6HTKOB: ecjiH npeflnpHarae b npeAinecTByiomeM roAy noHecjio y 6HTKH, to HanpaBjiaeMaa Ha ero norameHne Macrb npnâbuiH ocbo6oayţaeTC« o t Hajiora b TeweHHe nocjieAyiomHx 5 JieT (npn ycjiOBHH nojiHoro Hcn0Jib30BaHHH jsjisl 3th x iţejien pe3epBHoro h APyrnx aHajiorHMHblX no Ha3HaMeHHK) (J)OIiIţpB).

CTapaiiTecb He CAaBaTb rocy^apcTBy OTHHCjieHHii Ha counajibHoe CTpaxoBaHwe.

OTMHCJieHHH

Ha

coiţnajibHoe

crpaxoBaHHe

cocraBji5noT

Ha

npeflnpHATHflx 5,4% o t cyMMH, HawHCJieHHOH k on^aTe Tpyaa. flonycthm, Ha BameM npeAnpHHTHH b 3hoch Ha coiţwajibHoe CTpaxoBaHHe cocraBjraiOT 150 THC.py6. b Mecaiţ. Ilpn 3tom Ha oiuiaTy 6ojibHH*iHHx jihctob yxo^HT 25 th c . py6. b Mecaiţ. TaKHM 06pa30M, Bârne npeAnpHHTHe 3a npocro TaK OTAaeT rocyAapcTBy 135 th c py 6 .

Ha Ham B3r;i 5m, BHroAHee C03AaTb y ce6a Ha npeAnpHHTHH np0<i)C0i03 (HHHemHee 3aKOHOAaTejibCTBO 3to n03B0jraeT) h OTAaTb 135 th c . py 6 . eMy. TorAa b 3tom cjiynae nocjie oiuiara 6ojibHH*mHx Bce AeHbra octiotcă Ha npeAnpHHTHH. O t noAOxoAHoro Hajiora c (J)H3HnecKHX jihu, moxcho ocBo6oAHTbCH cjieAyionţHMH cnoco6aMH: Hcn0Jib30BaHMe noACTaBHbix jihu HeKOTOpHe npeAnpHHHMaTejiH, KOTopne xoporno 3apa6aTHBaiOT h h noAnaAaiOT noA acecTKyio mxajiy HajioroB, Macro Hcnojib3yiOT noAcraBh h x jihu,. noACTaBHHe jiniţa - 3to, xaK npaBHJio, jiniţa roc 6K)AaceTHoro ceKTopa skohomhkh: neHCHOHepn, cryAeHTH, neAarora, acnnpaHTH h ap-, to ecrb jiniţa, HMeiomne He6ojibiiiHe aoxoah. Ohh wanţe Bcero 3a onpeAejieHHyK) iuiaTy corjiamaiOTCH Ha “jmnoBHe” TpyAOBHe corjiamehha, AoroBopa noAP^Aa h npo^ee.

3 TOT Cn0C06 CaMHH npOCrOH H CaMHH KpHMHHaJlbHHH. H k HeMy HaAO npn 6 eraTb jînmb b RpatoeM cjiywae h c 6ojibmoH 0CT0p 0acH0CTbK).

UIhpoko Hcnojib3yHTe jibroTy no Hajiory.

Cepbe 3HHe H3MeHeHHH BHeceHH b CHCTeMy jibroT no Hajiory. HanCxyiee cymecrBeHHoe H3 hhx co ctoht b tom, mtg ik>aoboh aoxoa rpaacAaHHHa, HMeiomero HXAHBeHiţeB, yMeHbmaeTca 3a xaacAHH npopaâoTaHHHH Mecsiiţ Ha cyMMy MHHHMajibHOH MecsmHOH 3apa60TH0H rrjiaTH Ha KaxAoro HacAHBeHua. 3Ty jibroTy nojiywaer tojiwco oahh h3 cynpyroB no hx ycMOTpeHHK) Ha KaxAoro pe 6eHKa b B03pa<fre ao 18 JieT, cryAeHTa hjih y^amerocfl AHeBHoif (J>opMbi o6 yMeHH« - ao 24 jieT h Ha KaacAoro Apyroro H>KAHBeHi;a, He HMeiomero caMocroHTejibHoro HCTOMHHKa AOxoAa. 3 t o yMeHbmeHHe roAOBom AoxoAa rpaacAan np0H3B0AHTC5i, ecrecTBeHHO, no OCHOBHOMy Mecry HX pa 6oTH. H3MeHeHH jibroTH ynacTHHKaM BejiHKOH OTeMecTBeHHOH h rpa^KAaHCKOH bohh, HHHBajiHAOB nepBOH h btopoh rpynn, jihu,

npHHHMaBiiiHx yqacTHe b jiHKBHAauHM nocjieACTBHH KaTacrpo<i)H Ha HepH06bUIbCK0HA 3 C, SBaKywpOBaHHHX H3 30HH OTqyaCAeHHfl 3TOHA 3 C b 1986 r., jihu, HaxoAHBmnxcfl b 6ji0KaAH0MJleHHHrpaAe h ap. Tenepb 41

nepeH H C jieH H w e r p y im w r p a ayţaH ocBo6o«AaK )TCH o t noA O xoA H oro H ajio­ r a He nOJIHOCTBK), a B p a 3 M e p e nOTHKpaTHOH MHHHMaJIbHOH MeC5IMHOH 3ap a6oT H oii n j i a r a 3a KaacAHH npopa6oTaH H M H M ec 5nţ. nouiHOCTbio o t H ajioroo6jio>KeHHH T e n e p b H e o c B o â o a m a e T c a h h k t o .

5

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Jlpaeujio L BxjiaAWBaHTe AeHbrn TOJibKO b t o Aejio, xoTopoe Bbi xopouio 3HaeTe hjih b Ty Beiub, b xaiecTBe kotopom Bbi aScojiiOTHO He coM H eB aeT ecb.

BepoH T H O , K a a g ţb iH n p eA n p H H H M a T ejib , M HTaiouţHH 3 t h c t p o k h , Konţat o b nponuiOM noHec 6ojibiime y 6hiTKH H3-3a Toro, m to He cjieAOBaji 3T0My npaBHjiy. YAHBHTejibHo, h o noww KaxAbiH npeAnpHHHMaTejib, Ha^HHaa

BKjiaAUBaTb ACHbrH, w a c r o noxynaeT Bcaicyio 6e3AejiHU,y, a HHorAa h npocTO xjiaM. HecMOTpa h h Ha m t o , o h ynopHO npHo6peTaeT a o j i i o b t o m Aejie, b k o t o p o m o h r o m e r o He c m m c j ih t . H o b h m o k b (J)HHaHCOBOM Aejie xo^eT 6ojibuiHx npnâbuieH h b 6 o jib iu e H h j i h MeHbnieH c r e n e H H roM erca 3a HJUH03H5IMH. a a c e CaMMH npaK T H M H blH 6 p O K e p HJIH M e H e A X e p B K Jia n e p B w e 1000 py 6jien b 6ecitojie3HHe 6yMara, B b in y n ţe H H b ie

AHBaeT c b o h

h j i h M e^ T a T ejiiiM H , h j i h MouieHHHKaMH noA KaKoe-Hn6yAi> ycTapeBinee o 6 o p y A O B a H H e, x o t b h a o b o j i m i o h 3 b c c t h o 3aBO A a, h j i h M axH H au .H n TeHeBHX ACJIbUOB. B C(J)epe 4>HHaHCOB HHKOITţa HeJIb35I B epH T b TOM y, MTO CJIblUIHUIb. H y 5 K h o n p H A ep a cH B a T b c a (J )h jio c o 4 )h h f le ic a p T a . C j ie A y e T B c e n o A » e p r a T b c o MHeHHio. B ccfrep e <J)HHacoB x a a c A y io MHHyTy n p o n c x o A H T o 6 M a H b i.

Bojibm H H CTBO H3 h h x H e n p e A H a M e p e H w : o h h n p eA C T aB jraioT c o 6 o h t o , m to M02KH0 Ha3BaTb (J)HHaHCOBbIMH HeTOMHOCTflMH. H o OHH 3aCTaBJI5HOT JHOAeii TepiiTb AeHbra. B ccfcepe (J)HHaHCOB Her He3aHHTepecoBaHHbix j i i o a c h .

KaacAbiH npecjieAyeT c b o h KopucTHue iţe jm . KaacAHH cTapaeTca noAHsm» HJIH nOHH3HTb IţeH H .

B a c b h t h c jiy M a a x H 3 A e c « T H c o s e T b i n o K y n a T b h c x o a « t o t caM H jt n p o A a B iţo B , a c o B e r a n p o A a B a n » - o t n o K y n a T e jie w . H t o ic a c a e T c a c o o 6 m e HHH 06 OpraHH3aU,HH a K U H O H e p H M X o 6 n ţeC T B , TO HM H e jlb 3 3 AO BepH Tb 6 e 3 orjiH A H O . B C H r e c T b jio B K H e A e jib iţ u , c n o c o 6 H w e T a K H a n n c a T b p e m ia M y

06 a iciţH 5i x y 6 H T 0 WH0 ix) 3 aBO A a, K a K 6 yA TO s t o aKii,H H H T U , ‘T e p M e c ” .

E c j ih B e c r a p e ^ b o 6 ajiaH C O B b ix c ^ e T a x , t o n o ic a o h h 3 a cjiy a cH B a iO T o n p e A e j ie H H o r o AOBepHH. H o (J)aKTOM HBjiaeTCfl t o , h t o K a a c a h h roA b o M H o rn x H 3 h h x p a c x o A a M n p H A a eT C H b h a a o x o a o b h H a o 6 o p o T .

Ilo K y n a H T e TOJibKO t o , m to 3HaeTe. E c jih Bbi T o p r o B e u , BjioacHTe c b o h A eH bra b jiy m iiy io (J)HpMy, KOTopasi n p oA aeT BaM TOBapbi. E c jih B h M eTaji-

* B /ţamioM pa3Aejie HCn0Jib30Banbi >meii, H3Jio>KeHHbie b KHHre rep 6epTa HbKrroii KaccoHa “KaK AejiaTb h coxpaiurrb aern»™”: Ilep. c am\n. - M.: H3#-bo “HcrropHMecKoe Hacjieaiie”, 1992. - 32 c.

42

Jiypr, B;io;KHTe cboh AeHbrn b axiţnn h APyrne iţemiHe 6yMarH Toro MeTajuiyprHHecKoro 3aBOAa, AeJia KOToporo BeayTCH Hanfojiee pa3yMHo. Ecjih B h crpoHTejib, noKynaiiTe HejţBHJKHMOCTb h 3eMJiio. Ecjih B h nyTemecTBeHHHK, noKynairre aojiio b cyAOxoACTBe. Ecjih B h HHTejuinreHT h HHMero He cm hcjihtc b ToproBjie m kommcpuhh, noKynaHTe rocyaapcTBeHHHe iţeHHHe 6yMarn.

BcerAa, Kor^a MoaceTe, noKynaHTe aojiio b tom 6n3Hece, kotophh P^aom . Bicjia^biBaHTe AeHbm b CB0 e M C 06 cTB e H H 0 M r o p o t e . r io x y n a H T e T O , mto mo ^cho BH^eTb cbohmh rjia â a M H . JJajibHHe n o jiH BceiTţa xaacyTca 3 e jie H e e. H o Bbi b A B a p a 3a u3 e jie H e e ” , H e o n b iT H e e , ecjiw B K Jia A biB a eT e b hhx 3 H a M H T e jib H y io c y M M y cbohx co& tbchhhx

B

ACHer. C H a w a jia x y n H T e aom , COCeAHHH AOM. O n W T , XOTOpblH B h craB A O M O B jieA ejiw ţeM , B c x o p e H 3jiew H T Bac ot MaHHH r o -

XOTOpOM HCHBeTe. IlO T O M X y n H T e

n p H o 6p e T e re , H flT b C fl

3a MHpa^CaMH.

E c j i h p s i a o m H e r c o 6 c T B e H H O c r n , b x o T o p y i o m o ; k h o B jio a c H T b c b o h A e H b rn ,

n o x y n a iiT e

iţe H H H e 6 y M a r n

20

n p H â w jib H O BCA yT A e jio

Ho, fle jio ,

e c jiH B 03M 0> xH 0, B c e i^ a

xoropoe Bh

x o p o rn o

h 3 b c c th h x

c J)h p m , x o T o p H e

h 6 o j i e e jie T .

BKjiaAUBaftTe b 6 n 3Hec, k o t o p w h 3HaeTe. xax pa 3 t o , H a M eM Bac M e H b i u e B c e r o

3H aeT e, - s t o

M02KH0 H a A y T b . C y T b B TOM , HTO H e jlb 3 fl 6 H T b H CX O M IieTeH T H H M , X O rA a

B x jia A W B a e u ib A e H b rn . H H e jib 3 « 6 n T b a o b c p m h b h m . H e B e a c e c rB O B c e rA a on acH O , h o

6ojiee B c e r o

- b cJ)h h 3h co b o h

H ecoM , k o t o p h h 3 H aeT e,

H rax,

Bh

ccj)epe. E c j i h Bh 3a H H M a e T e c b 6 h 3 -

caM H 3 a H H M a e T e c b c b o h m h A C H braM H .

b (j)H H aH C O B O H A e re jib H O C T H n e p B o e n p a B H j i o c o c t o h t b t o m , m t o -

6 h 3a H H M a T b C H H e T e M ,

caMH. BcerAa T p y A H e e

o ^eM

B a M p a c c K a 3 H B a iO T ,

a

tc m , h to B h 3H aeT e

c o x p a H H T b A e H b r n , w e M h x C A e jia T b . I l 0 3 T 0 M y n c n o j i b -

3 y H T e n e p e o e n p a e iu io , x o T o p o e rjia c H T : â y d b m e o c M o m p u m e jib H b i, n o K y n a u m e m o j ib K O m o , n m o 3 n a e m e .

U p a e u jio 2.

HnxorAa He BxjiaAMBafiTe AeHbrn noA AaBjieHweM.

C y T b n p a B H jia b t o m , m to x a a m w n , y x o r o e c r b x a x n e - T O A e H b r n , a o jiaceH t b c p a o n p H A ep acH B aT b ca n p n H iţH n a : h h x o rA a H e T p aT H T b , H e A aB aT b B 3 3 H M b I H H e B X Jia A M B a T b h x n o A A a B jie H H e M .

B C T p a H e C TO Jibxo M o m e H H n x o B , m to w ejiO B ex c A e H b ra M H AOJiaceH A ep^ KaTbCii, B p a c iu io x .

KaK

Ou

xpcnocTb.

Oh

H e AOJiaceH n 0 3 B0 jiH T b

b c c BpeMsi AOJiaceH 6 H T b

3a c r a T b c e 6 a

Hacropoace. O h aoji^ kch 3a m n m a T b

c e 6 fl o t b c c x 3 t h x b h m o r a T e jic h - n a p a 3 h t o b , a c H B y m n x n o c ro H H H b iM b h KJI5IHMHBaHHeM My^CHX A C H C r.

B c e r A a , x o r A a y B a c ripo csiT A C H b rn , o t j i o ^ k h t c c b o h o t b c t Ha 3a B T p a 3 t o n p a B H jio , x o T o p o e y 6 ep ea ceT B a c o t M H o rn x y 6 b iT x o B . H a c o x p y a c a e T c r o j ib x o jn o A e ii, c n o c o fm w x K o ro y r o A n o y 6 eAH Tb b h q m y r o A n o , m t o n e jiO B e K y H e jie n c o c o x p a H H T b t o , m t o o h H M eeT. E j ia r o A a p a y c n jiH H M x a x

pa3HHx napa3HTOB, Tax h

H e ro A flC B , b c o B p eM eH h o m M H p e

cnjibHO pa3BHTO

43

H CKyccTBO jiH n ia T b jiio fle H

hx

A e H er. M cK y ccT B O H anaAeH H K

b

(ţwHaHCOBOH

aj>epe 3HaMHTejibHO npeBoexoAHT wcKyccTBo 3anţHTbi. B MHpe (|)HHaHCOB Bcer^a ecrb acyjibe. B hcm Bcer^a HaHAyTCfl xHTpoyMHbie npoiiflbxH, xoropue paa^y^aT Bac c BaimiMH AeHbraMH 6e3 npHMeHeHHA cj)H3HMecK0H cmibi. Ohm ecTb b KaxcAOM ropoAe. Ohh He 3apa6aTbiBaiOT AeHbrn. Ohh BbmnuBaiOT h x H3 Bac. Ohh H3o6peTaK)T yAHBHTejibHbie npoeKTbi. Ohh jinxopaAOMHO CHyiOT B3aA h BnepeA h KpHMaT: “riOTpflCaiOmHH IUiaHÎ MHJUIHOHH, MHJUIHOHbl! KtO XOMeT nOJiyWHTb Kyw y A e H e r? Bbicrpee! Ebicrpee! IIo A x o A H T e h n o jiy ^ a H T e A eH brH Δ

Taxaa cyeTa Bcer^a coânpaeT h 6yaeT co6npaTb TOJiny. H jiioah Bnojme 3flpaBOMwai5imHe b Apymx Aejiax, noAxoA»T h OT^aiOT sthm 3a3biBajiaM cboh fleHbrn. HecKOJibKO MecflueB cnycTH o6MaHiiţHKH nojiynaiOTfleHbrH, a jiioah - ruiaHbi. HecKOJibKO MecaiţeB cnycTfl npoxoAHMuw ocraiOTCH c AeHbraMH, a jiioah - c imaHaMH. Hh oahh 3axoH He MoaceT orpaAHTb qejioB e x a o t M om eH H H ^ ecTB a.

B n o j m e b o 3 m o ^ k h h c jiy ^ a H , x o r ^ a a(t)epH CTa o a w n a iO T 3 o j i o t h m a o ac^eM H3 A e H e r H e 6 o r a T w x jH ojţeH . IIoHCTHHe AOBepwHBocTH h 6 e c c o B e c r h o c t h H eT n p eA e jiO B b (J)HHaHC0B0H a fc e p e .

Il03T0My Heo6 xoAHMo o6jiajţaTb ncKyccTBOM caM03aiiţHTbi. Kaag^bin, KTO XOWeT COXpaHHTb HJIH CaMOCTOflTeJIbHO IIOTpaTHTb CBOH JţeHbrH, flOJIaceH Hay^HTbc» ce6a 3auţHiiţaTb. Oh HHKorAa He AOJiaceH ycTynaTb npezţnpHHHMaeMOMy Ha Hero HaTHCKy. KaxAH H pa3 o h a o j c k c h cnoKoiiHo, xjiaAH0Kp0BH0 cnpocHTb caMoro ce6a: “A m to nojiy^y a? H KaK nojiywy?”

Cboh co6cTBeHHWH HHTepec - 3to to , *iero He Ha^o CTbiAHTbCfl. CBoeKOpHCTHe Ha3blBaiOT nOCTbIAHbIM napa3HTbI-XHIIţHHKH, >KHBymHe 3a C^eT nyacoH meApocTH. Cbosi BHroAa - 3to ocHOBonojiaraiomaa iţeHHOCTb. 3 t o OAHH H3 CTOJinOB, IIOAAepXH BaiO nţH X 3AaHHe MHpOBOH H,HBHJIH3aiţHH« O

h-

jioco(J)hîi jierKOBepHa h npeHeâpeaceHHH cbohmh HHTepecaMH - 3to H3o6peTeHHe nonpomaeK; eio TaK*e iioctosihho nojib3yiOTC5i Bopw.

C H a ^ a jia 3 a p a 6 o T a H T e c b o h c o 6 c rB e H H b ie A e H b m , i io t o m 3auţH TH T e h x H c n o jib 3 y H T e n o C B o eM y ycM OTpeHHK) - b o t H opM a 3 A p a B o ro CMHCJia, u e c t h o c t h h B b icu ieH A o 6 p o A e T e jm ! H eM 6 o jib iu e CTaHOBHTCsi A y p a K O B , TeM 60JIbUie pa3BOAHTC5I BOpOB. Pa 3 M ejiO Bek CTaji c o 6 c t b c h h h k o m , o h a o j i j k c h H36eraTb s m o u h h . Oh AOJiaceH B c e rA a HMeTb HCHyio, Tpe3Byio ro jiO B y .

He M oaceT 6b iT b H H K aK oro n p e j y i o r a a j i a T o r o , m to 6 w OTAaTb c b o h a ^h b r n A P y r o M y M ejiO B eK y t o j im c o n 0 T 0 M y , m t o H ejib35i o n p o B e p r H y T b e r o a p r y M e H T a u H io .

T aK ace He HaAO O T A aB aT b hx, K o rA a TpyA H O npOTHBOCTOflTb Ha^CHMy WbeH-TO JIHMHOCTH. EAHHCTBCHHblH C Jiy^aH , K O rh

Aa m o ^ HMOCTb

ho

B b în n c a T b MeK, - 3 t o K o rA a B3aM eH c n o jiH a n o jiy w a e u ib A e H er.

cto-

cboh x

A6cypAHO njiaTHTb cboh AeHbm b o6MeH Ha phck. KorAa b Baiu o J)hc BpwBaeTC5i ^ejioBeK h kphmht: “Bbicrpo! BbmnuiH ^eK Ha 5 mjih pyâjien h Aaw ero MHe. Mh KynHM 10 tohh inepcra, ecjiH 6yAeM AeHCTBOBaTb 6wcTpo! ” KorAa mcjiobcr c t3 koh He6wjiHueii BpHBaeTca b Baiu o(})hc, cnokohho CKaacHTe eMy, mto6 h oh caM noKynaji bcio 3Ty napraio rnepctn.

K o rA a b

Baiu

o(J)hc n pn xo A H T MejiOBeic c iuiaHOM,

CJiOBaMH: “ H a « o

ToponHTbca,

nycTHM

KapMaHOM

noA n H C H B an ” , 6 yA b T e 6 ecn p H crpacT H bi

h h

o6 paTH Te e r o BHHM am ie Ha jio 3 yH r HaA BaniHM c to jio m : “ T o , m to y mchsi ecrb,

sl A e p a c y

npn

ce 6e ”.

f la a c e ecjrn BaM npeAJiaraiOT

n apTH io rnepcTH (H eacH oro Kaw ecTBa, c p o k o b nocTaBKH h c u p a , jiyM in e He OT^aBaHTe

xopoiiiHH K ycoK

KynHTb iţejiyio T.n.) 3 a K yco K

cw pa.

B y ^ b T e n 0 A0 3 pHTe^bHw k c n e u iK e h c p o m h o c th b (JmHaHCOBbix A e jia x a o

Tex

n o p , n o x a caMH He ycraH OBH Te

npHMHH,

noM eM y HaAO AeHCTBOBaTb

6 h c t p o . B c e r A a , KorAa BaM roB op aT : “ B n c r p e e ! O T A a B aiiT e c b o h A eH brn ” , He

OTAaBaiiTe HHMero.

O T K jiaA H B aa

“ropam ne” A ejia

Ha 3a B T p a , B h A e n -

CTBHTejIbHO OAHH p a 3 M0 2 CeTe yn yC T H T b 3 0 JI0 T y i0 B0 3 M0 :KH0 CTb, HO B KOhcm hom H Tore y B a c 6 yA eT 6 o jib iu e A eH er h M eH biue oropMeHHH.

ByAbTeKaKMO^KHonpoBopHeii, KorAa caMHAejiaeTe cboh Aejia, HrpaeTe b cboh) n rp y . Ho KorAa peMb h a c t o tom, mto HyacHo paccTaTbca co cbohmh AeHbraMH hjih co6crBeHHocTbio, 6yAbTe MeAJiHTejibHH. 3 a OAHy MHHyTy MOyKHO Jienco noTepsixb to , ^ to co6npajiH iţejiHH roa. H uKoeda ne noKynaum e, ne om daeaum e, He daeaum e 63auMbi u ne eKJiadbieaum e denbzu nod daejiem ieM .

IJp a e iu io 3 . /ţejiaHTe AeHbru Ha co 6c tb 6h h o cth , a He Ha njiaHax

B MHpe 4)HHaHCOB pncKyer KaxAbiiţ. Y icaacAoro ecTb cboh 3aMHCJiH h, ocymecTBjiaa hx, oh jih 6o BHHrpnsaeT, jih 6o npoHrpwsaeT. He cynţecTByeT a 6cojnoTHoro iipaBHjia, npn n 0M0iiţH KOToporo moxcho 6hjio 6h AenCTBOBaTb 6 e 3onacHo. Ho mo;kho a s tb HecicojibKo peicoMeHAaiţHH, ctoco 6h h x npeAOcrepewb o t caMHx onacHux npocMeTOB. OAHa H3 hhx rjiacht: Aejian AeHbrn Ha co6cTBeHHocrH, a He Ha iuiaHax. Co6cTBeHHocrb ofijiaAaeT HeorbeMjieMoii iţeHHocTbio, b to speMsi xax iţeHHocTb imaHa nojiHocrbio 3aBHCHT o t ero peajiH3au,HH. Co&TBeHHOCTb - 3to to , mto cyuţecTByeT peajibHO. Ecjih Hy;>kho, ee BcerAa mo;kho npoAaTb b TeMeHHe oAHoii-AByx HeAejib. A iuiaH - 3to haca. Oh He o6jiaAaeT MaTepnajibHHM cymecTBOBaHHeM. njiaH - 3to eme He poacAeHHoe a h ta . Kaic 6 h hh 6buia CTapa hjih pa3pymeHa co6cTBeHHOCTb, OHa BcerAa c to h t AeHer. A caMUH coBepuţeHHbiH iuiaH Moacer He CTOHTb hh rporna.

3araAxa MejiOBeMecKoif npnpoAH coctoht b tom, mto 60JibinHHCTB0 jiioAeii npeAnoMHTaiOT ruiaHM, a He co6cTBeHHOcn>. Bo3MoacHoe o6MCHeHHe 3TOMy COCTOHT B TOM, MTO JII060H IUiaH BCerAa BHrjIflAHT COBepmeHHHM. Oh He coAepacHT oiuh 6ok npeAWAymnx iuiaHOB. Oh 6e 3ynpeMeH. Oh “ n p o c r o He Moacer He yBeHMaTbcsi ycnexoM”. B HeM HeT HeAOCTaTKOB, oh HAeajieH. njiaH 6yAopaa<HT Boo6 paaceHHe. Oh yHocHT Harny Mwcjib npoMb OT Bcex He3HaMHTejIbHWX nOApo6 HOCTeH OTHOCHTejIbHO CTOHMOCTH H npaKTHMecKOH peajiH3au,HH npoexTa. njiaH - 3to HaAeama, onTHM H 3M, atejiamie. Oh He iftieeT OTHomeHHsi k peajibHOCTH, TpyAHOCTsim, y6nTKaM. BH aM ajie h c b o 3 m o;kho onpeA ejiH T b, n jio x ţuiaH h jih x o p o rn . Bce, m to mo2k h o CAejiaTb, ecjiH xoM enib He n oT ep^ T b cb o h A eH brn , - A ep acaT bca n o A a jib in e o t B c e x ruiaH O B h BKjiaAHBaTb A eH b n i b Co&TBeHHOCTb. C o 6 c t b c h HOCTb MO^CeT npHHTH ^ HerOAHOCTb, HO He M O ^ eT HCMe3 H yTb COBCeM. O H a

45

H e M o a c e T , n0flC>6H0 iu ia H a M , p a c T B o p H T b c a b

B03Ayxe.

I lp n n o M o m n

x o p o in e r o n p eA B H jţeH H si h y M eH H H np ozţaB aT b s c e r n a m o x h o c o 6 c t b c h HOCTb 0 6 p a T H T b B f t e H U l i HJIH 6 H3 HeC, TipHHOCSHIţHH A C H brH .

0 6 u M H O TOJIbXO H TO OTXpblBHIHHCfl 6 H 3 HeC - 3 T0 OTMaCTH C O & T B e H HOCTb, O T^ acTH iu i a H . C M e m e H H e 3jţecb p e a jib H o ro h H e p e a jib H o r o b b o a h t

3a6^yacAeHHe

b

6ojibiHHHCTBO

jhoach.

KaacAoe xoMMep^ecxoe OnacHocTb B0 3 H H x a e T

n p e fln p n flT H e c o c t o h t H 3 im a H a h c o & T B e H H O c r H .

T o r A a , x o m a iu ia H a CTaHOBHTCfl 6 o jib in e , h q m co6cTBeHHC)CTH. H a jţe a c H o e npeanpHH TH e

noxoace H a

n n p a M H A y : ocH O B aH H e 6 o jib in e B e p n iH H b i.

Onac-

H o e - n e p e B e p H y T a s i n n p a M H A a : iţe H T p T iia ce cT H H a x o A H T c a H a B e p x y . B T a x o m n p e A n p H H T H H h 3 6 k t o x iu ia H a . n p H H U H n H a jIb H O e OTJÎWMHe COâCTBeHHOCTH o t m ia u a c o c t o h t

b t o m , hto

C O & T B eHHOCTb C O X p a H fleT CBOIO CTOHMOCTb, x t o 6 w e io HH o6 ;ia A a JI. B TO B p e M a x a x iţeH HOCTb iu ia H a B c e iţe jio 3aBHCHT o t nopsm oM HOCTH h Ae/iOBhix x a ^ e c T B o c y iiţe c T B J ia io iiţH x e r o AiO A eH .

H e M y M H e e n e A O B e x , t c m 6 o ;ib iiie o h M oaceT n o jia r a T b c a H a ru ia H b i. H e M T p y A H e e o h c o o 6 p a a c a e T , T eM 6 o ;ib m e o h AOJiaceH H M eTb a c j io c c o 6 c t b c h HOCTMO. 3 t 0 n p H M H T H B H b lii COBCT, HO OH MOŢ 6bl C naC TH COTHH J U O R d * OT n p o B a jiO B .

B M H p e (J)HHaHCOB CBOe B p eM fl cth

0CT0p0aCH0CTH H CBOe - AJIH CMejIO-

. H o n e p B o ii 3anoBeA b*o Bcer^ a a o j d k h o 6 u T b : H 3 y q a n B c e h o a p o 6 h o c t h

ru ia H a , cod cT B eH H O C TH , c a M o r o c e 6 a .

3 t o t coBeT a^pecoBaH He cmibHOMy, onMTHOMy, yBepeHHOMy b ce6e (J)HHaHCHCTy (xoth h oh BpeMH o t BpeMeHH nonaAaercfl b jioBymxy iuiahob, xoTopbie npeACTasjisnoT co6oh nycTyio 6ojitobhio). 3 t o t cobct npeAHasHa^eH rjiaBHWM 06pa30M ajih MejiOBexa, xoropwH He HBjisieTCsi (J)HHaHCHCTOM, - Rjisi npoAaBiţa, xoMMepcaHTa, He HMeiomero B03M0acH0c th Ae^aTb âcuibiune xanHTajioBjioaceHHH. H h x t o H e AOJiaceH n b iT a T b c a 6 e r a T b n p e a c A e , weM H a y w r c H x o A H T b .

B x jia A H B aT b A e H b in b ru ia H b i c t o h t , T o jib x o H M ea 3a iu ie ^ a M M H e M eH ee h c m M H o r o jie r a H H o n w T BeAeHHH A e ji c c o 6 c t b e H H o c T b io . H e ^ o B e x a , y M e lo u ţ e r o o 6 p a iiţaT b C fl c C06cTBeHH0CTbi0 , H e T a x -T o n p o c r o b b c c t h b 3a 6tnyacAeH He p a 3 ro B o p a M H h o 6 e n ţa H H 3 MH. H e jiO B e x , 3 H aioiiţH H , m to T a x o e AO M a , 3 eM^5i, o 6 o p y A O B a H H e , H e c x j i o h c h ro H H T b c a 3 a M H p aacaM H .

B e n n x a a h c t h h 3 , x o T o p y io h c o 6 x o a h m o 3 a n o M H H T b , c o c t o h t b t o m , w to iu ia H

-

3 TO ,

B

Cym H O CTH ,

HHMTO.

3 t0

TOJIbXO

6 b lC T pblH

C n 0 C 06

p a c tp a M H B a H H si A e H e r, e c n n , x o h c m h o , 3a iu ia H O M H e c t o h t n e jio B e x , 0 6 ^ aAaiO U ţH H OnW TOM, CII0C06H0CT5IMH, MeCTHOCTbK), AOCTaTOMHbIMH JSJIU y c n e u iH o r o o c y m e c T B jie H H s i n jia H a .

n p a e iu io

4.

B x jia A b iB a f t T e

A e H b ru

T o j ih x o

b

to ,

h to

m oxho

nepenpoA aT b.

H e cesL3 biQaumecb hu c neM, neeo nejib 3si npodam b, - ejiacum nem eepm oe n p a e iu io . K a a c A H H x p y n H h iH 6 n 3 H e c M e H H e o A H O x p a r a o T e p n e ji y 6 b iT X H , 3 a 6 w B a fl 0 6 s t o m n p a B iw e . I l o t o h ace n p H M H H e t w c 5im h jHOAeft T e p su iH c b o h H e 6 o jib in H e c6epeaceH H H .

46

JXo Tex nop, noxa Bh He craHeTe HacTOJibKO 6orara, m t o CMoaceTe no3BOJiHTb ce6e TepaTb flem>rH h He coacajieTb 06 3 t o m , He noKynaiiTe h h OflHOH BenţH TOJibKO nOTOMy, MTO OHa BaM HpaBHTC5I. IlOMTH KaXflHH, HaMHHaa, coBepmaer 3Ty omH6Ky. Oh noKynaeT TOBapn, Koropne yjţOBjieTBopAior TOJibKO ero BKyc, a noTOM oâHapyxtHBaeT, h t o o h h HHKOMy, KpoMe Hero, He HyacHH. H Tosapn MepTBbiM rpy 30M ocejţaiOT Ha ero nojiKax. O flH H n p e A n p H H H M a T C Jib K y n H ji n a T e r n K a K o r o - T o y c r p o H c r a a . E c j i h n a T e H T H e 6 y a e T H cn 0 Jib 3 0 B a H k c m - j ih 6 o a p y r H M , e c jiH H 3 n )T O B jieH H e y cT p o H C T B a o 6 o H ^ eT ca A e u ie B o h ecjiw n y 6 jiH K a 3 a x o M e T e r o n o x y n a T b , TOJibKO Torzţa 3 t o t 6 n 3 H ecM eH c a e jia e T c o c t o h h h c . O h H e n o a y M a ji 06 3 t h x T p e x “ e c j m ” , K or^ a n o K y n a ji n a T e H T . C e ît a a c o h x o m c t e r o n p o jţa T b , h o HH KTO H e XOMeT e r o K y n H T b .

T a K H x c jiy n a e B - t h c h m h . n p a K T H M e c K H K a a m n n m c jio b c k c a e H b ra M H BpeM5i o t B p e M e H H c o B a e p m a e r 3 T y o n iH 6 K y - n o K y n a e T t o , m to noT O M H e

MoaceT npoAaTb. I I p H noKynKe s c e r a a HyacHO noMHHTb o cjieayiomeM. 1. B h MoaceTe H 3 M eH H Tb CBoe OTHOiiieiiHe k npeflMeTy noKynKH. R o m , k o t o p h h b h noKynaeTe ceroflHH, MoaceT 3 a B Tp a BaM p a 3 0 H p a B H T b c a .

2 . npoAaacHan iţeHa onpeflejiaeTca cnpocoM, a He CTOHMOCTbK) hjih iţeHHOCTbK). IţeHa - 3to to , mto BaM MoryT npejyioatHTb. 3 . H e jib 3 8 T p a T H T b A e H b rn b y r o a y c b o h m n p H x o r a M h n p n 3 T 0 M a y M a T b , m to

B h A e jia e T e B jioaceH H e K a n H T a jia .

I I o K y n a T b , h t o 6 h y& n aa cH T b c a M o r o

c e 6 fl, KOHeMHO, m ohcho, h o H e p a H b m e , MeM

Bh

C M o a ce re n0 3 B 0 JiH T b c e 6 e

niBHpsiTb fleHbin Ha BeTep. 4 . HeM yHHKajibHee h Heo6H^Hee npe^MeT, tcm MeHbine niaHCOB HaâTH Ha Hero noKynaTejra. H e m o6H^Hee h npHBHMHee Benp>, TeM 6 o jib in e noKynaTejien.

06HKHOBeHHHM JIIOflAM HyXHH 06HKH0BeHHHe BeUţH, a fleBHTb flec»" THX JlIOfleii B MHpe - 06HKH0BeHHHe JIIOflH. 3tO BCJIHKafl HCTHHa, O KOTopoH o^eHb MHorne coBepmeHHO 3a6HBaiOT. HeM CBoeo6pa3Hen, o p n r H H a jib H e n h y H H K a jib H e ii B e m b , t c m 6 o jib in e 6yzţeT n o T e p b npn e e npoflaace.

I l 03T0My, Kor^a noKynaeTe MTO-Hn6yflb, noayMaitTe: “Mojkho jih noB H CH Tb u e H y , h H a iifly T C fl jih a p y r n e jhoah, kotophm 3to H yacH O ?” Ecjih Aa - MOaCHO CMeJIO noKynaTb. CTOHMOCTb COCÎCTBeHHOCTH OTM3CTH 33BHCHT o t e e c n 0 C0 6 H 0CTH 6 n T b npozţaH HOH . 3 a H C K jH on eH H eM T e x c jiy H a e B , K o r a a y B a c e c T b fle H b rn , K O T o p n e B h ro T O B H n o T e p s iT b , n o K y n a ir r e

TOJibKO t o ,

m to m o?kho 6 b ic r p o n e p e n p o a a T b 6 e3 n o T e p b .

Upaeiuio 5. He ynycKawTe jiio6yio B03M0XH0CTb nojiyneHHH npH6 bijiH. HacTO npnxoAHTCfl c jin u ţ a T b : “ Kax x a j i x o , h t o si ynycraji b o 3 m o ;k HOCTb 3 t o npoAaTb” . MHorne HeH3MeHHO n o K y n a jiH , n o K y n a io r h 6yayT noKynaTb h m c h h o Toraa, Koraa iţeHH caMHe b h c o k h c . O h h noKynaiOT noTOMy, m to Bce BOKpyr noKynaiOT. A apyrne jh o zjh , k o t o p h x Toace HeMajio, MorjiH 6 h , h o ynopHQ OTKa3HBaiOTC5i npoflaBaTb npn b h c o k h x iţeHax.

47

Ho b 6w3Hece rjiaBHoe - npH6i>uib, a He caM npoiţecc, kskhm 6h oh hh 6hji.

3 to 3HaMHT, mto, ec/m ToproBeu, MoaceT nojiyuHTb Sojibme zţeHer ot npoAaacn CBoero Mara3HHa, MeM ot npoAaacn cbohx TOBapoB, oh aojdkch npoAaTb Mara3HH. Ecjih BjiaAejieu, o6yBHoro np0H3B0ACTBa MoaceT nojiywHTb 6ojibniyio npn6buib ot npoAaacn CBoen cJ)a6pHKH, mcm ot npoAaacH o6yBH, oh AOJDKeH npoAaTb 4>a6pHKy. Mh BCe CJIHIHKOM npHB5I3aHH K CBOCH CoâCTBCHHOCTH. Mh npHraoacAeHH k Heii. Mh othochmch k hch KaK k neMy-TO HeorwyacAaeMOMy, He noAJieacameMy npoAaace. OqeHb Macro ^ejiOBeK MoaceT AejiaTb AeHbra, CKopen, BtinojiH5i5i mto-to HecraHAapTHo, Heacejm TpaAHiţHOHHM cnoco6oM. Âjih Toro, mto6h 6ncrpo CKOJiOTHTb AOCTaTOMHyio cyMMy acHer, HyacHO hath KpaTwaHinHM nyTeM. Hejib35i ynycKaTb hh oahoh 6jiaronpHflTHOH bo3mo»chocth nojiyueHHH npnâbuiH. B03bMeM KOHKpeTHblH npHMep. OAHH MOCKOBCKHH KOMMepeaHT KynHJI jieTOM 1991 r. OAHy aKiţnio Pocchhckoh TOBapHO-cnpbeBOH 6npacn 3a 100 thc. py6. Hepes rnecTb MecsnţeB hx iţeHa noAHsuiacb ao 3 mjih py 6. Oh Mor npoAaTbHx. HooHHe 3axoTejinpoAaBaTb. OHCKa3aji: “HeT, z6yj\y xgţaTb, noKa ohh noAHHMyTCH ao 6 m^h py6.” Ceifaac ero aKiţHH ynajiH ao 2 mjih py6. Oh ynycTHji cboh cjiyuaif. Oh nocrynHji 6h pa3yMHee, nojiy^HB npnâbuib cpa3y.

Cjihiukom Macro MHorax jHOAen OAOJieBaeT noA03pHTejibHocn>, KorAa hm npeAJiaraiOT 3a hx TOBap BncoKyio iţeHy. “Ecjih 3to TaK bhix>aho kcmto oiţeHHBaeTca, to sto npnroAHTCsi MHe caMOMy”, - AyMaioT ohh. Ho sto HenpaBHjibHas no3HiţH5i. CyTb coctoht b tom, mto6h Hcn0Jib30BaTb KaacAyio 6jiaronpH5iTHyK) B03M0acH0crb BepHoro âncrporo nojiyMeHHsi npnânjiH. HyacHO npHHHMaTb bo BHHMaHHe (JjaKTop BpeMeHH. JlyMme AejiaTb 100 thc. py6. b Mecaiţ, Mem 200 thc. py6. b ida. fljra Toro, mto6h AejiaTb Aem>rH, mcjiobck AOîiaceH AeHCTBosaTb 6ucrpo.

Oh AOJiaceH yMerb npHcnoca6jiHBaTbC5i k pa3JiHMHHM CHTyaiţHsiM. Oh aojiaceH uejiHKOM nocBATHTb ce6a AOCTHaceHHio oahoh iţejrn, 0AH0My o6pa3y acH3HH. Oh AOJiaceH ABHraTbca - ACHCTBOBaTb - npHHHMaTb pemeHHH - hcn0JIb30BaTb B03M0JKH0CTH. H KaaCAHH pa3, KOrAa nepeA HHM B03HHKHeT B03M0acH0crb nojiyMeHHH npnâbuiH, oh He AOJiaceH ee ynycKaTb. Jlymne cpa3y nojiyMHTb He6ojibinyio npnâbuib, MeM no3AHee KpynHyio. urio3AHee” - 3to HenpneMjieMO ajih t3khx npexoAflmnx h HeMOIIţHblX CymeCTB, KaK JIIOAH, MeH AeflTejIbHHH B03paCT COCTaBJISieT He 6ojiee copoKa kopotkhx act.

Xn3Hb KopoTKa. EyAymee BcerAa HeonpeAejieHHO. nosroM y He ynyCKaiiTe hh oahoh H3 Tex B03M02KH0creH, KOTopne AaeT BaM Hacrosiui.ee.

EyAbTe npoBopHee b nojiyMeHHH npnânjiH. KaacAasi Majiaa M a c r b , npiicoeAHHeHHasi k TOMy, mto yace HMeeTe, AejiaeT Bac 6orawe.

IJpaeiuio 6. IIOKynaHTe bo BpeMsi noHHaceHHfl, a npoAaBairre bo BpeMji noBbiiueHHji u,eH

48

IIpaBHJIO COCTOHT BCerO H3 HeCKOJIbKHX CJIOB, HO, eCJIH Bbl CMOaceTe ero Ha n p a K T H x e, t o QAejiaeTe iţejioe c o c t o h h h c . 0 6 3 t o m jier-

npHMeHHTb

KO rOBOpHTb, HO BpflA JIU HaHflCTCH OflHH MeJIOBeK H3 T H C O T H , y KOTOpOIX) X B a T H T CM6 JI0 CTH H CaMOCTOSITeJIbHOCTH C flejiaT b 3 TO.

IIomth Bce n 0Kynai0T h

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6 hlTb H OlipC^CJICHMOM CMWL71C CJlOBa CIiapTaHU,CM J\JISI TOFO, MTO6bl, HaMBB C Hy/IH, 3a KOpOTKOC BpCMH CACJiaTb COCTOHHHe. JlerKOH Aoporn 3AeCb HeT, kpomc t c x cjiynacB, Korjţa 6n3HecMeHy y;ibi6HeTC5i y^a^a.

H HyacHo H36eraTb noKa3yxH, xax b aejiax, xax h b jihmhux OTHOiuehhhx. r^aBHoe Be3fle h BcerAa b 6n3Hece - 3to He to , Kaxoe oh np 0H3B0flHT Bne^aTjieHHe, a to , Kaxyio oh npHHOCHT npnâbuib. Jlym ne HMeTb npoiţBeTaiomee a ^ io Ha KaTKe juih b KOHioinHe, m cm y 6wT0MH0e - b 3A3hhh H3 CTeKjia h 6eTOHa. YABoeHHe bmbcckh He yABansaeT 6w3Hec. HoBbie 3AaHH5i! Bor Ha ieM nporopaK)T agcjitkh $hpm . HecoMHeHHo, 6H3Hec Hy*HO Ae^aTb, HMea xopomyjo Kpwmy HaA pojioboh, ho HCTHHa COCTOHT B TOM, MTO 3A^HHe HMeeT !X)pa3AO MeHbUiee 3Ha^eHHe, MeM MH eMynpHAaeM. HanpnMep, c{)HpMa, HMeiomafl npHBJieKaTe;ibHoe 3AaHHe b ueHTpe, b nponmoM roAy ne Aajia npnâbuiH, b t o BpeMa KaK crapHH 06mapnaHHMH aom, b kotopom pa3MemaeTC« ofoeAHHeHHe “MMM”, npoflonacaeT ocTasaTbCfl npoiţBeTaiomHM ToproBbiM u,eHTpoM. Cym ecTByeT TaKace TaKaa Beuţb, KaK Bti6 pacHBaHHe AeHer Ha H3HCKaHHHH ckJ)hc h pa3AyTbiif ynpaBJieHMecKHH annapaT. HaACTpoHKa, yBe^HWHBaiouţasi pacxoAH, a He npn6 buib.

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53

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BcerAa jiyMme BjioacHTb, MeM AaTb b33hm h. E cjih B h craHOBHTecb coB^aAejibiţeM, B h ncuiyMaeTe npaBO bhochii» npeAJioaceHHH, yqacrBOBaTb b AOxoAax. E cjih Aejia y Barnero Apyra noiiAyT ycneum o, B h nojiyMHTe Macrb npnâHjm, a He npocro cboh npoiţeHTH. E cjih ace oh noreprorr icpax, oh

B h no KpaHHen Mepe BepHeTe MacTb cbohx AeHer.

flpyac 6a ocHOBHBaeTcsi Ha paBeHCTBe h B3aHMHOCTH, ho pa3pymaerc5i (J)HJiaHrponHew. Ecjih B h ABaacAH npHrjiamaexe CBoero Apyra b pecropaH h ABaacAH 3a Hero paciuiaMHBaeTecb, to HaA Bârne# ApyacCxm HaBHcaeT yrpo 3a. H e MoaceT 6nTb APy^ 6n MeacAy HaMajibHmcaMH h noAMHHeHHbiMH. 3 tO 33KOH MeJIOBeMeCKOIX) o6uţeHH5I, KOTOPHH HejIb35I HHrHOpwpOBaTb. * C HpaBCTBeHHoif tomkh 3peHHA B h AejiaeTe MejiOBeKy 3jio, AaBan eMy TOJibKO noTOMy, mto oh Bac 06 3tom npocHT. B h ocjia6jifleTe ero ytoepeHHocrb b co6ctbchhhx cnjiax h ero yBaaceHHe k caMOMy ce 6 e. O h npocHT AeHer, ho b KOHeMHOM HTore eMy HyacHH cobccm He AeHbrn. H e HaAO o6MaHHBaTbc« Ha s t o t cner.

HCTHHa COCTOHT B TOM, MTO MH CJIHIUKOM MaCTOAaeM B3aHMH H CJIHIHkom peAKO npocTo AaeM. OneHb HeMHorae H3 Hac AejiaiOT nocjieAHee b aocraTOMHOH creneHH. HyacHO nauţe AaBaTb, HyacHO AaBaTb TeM, kto caM

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bwc” KariHTajiM, »w3Bajin npwTOK b C(J)epy npeAnpwHHMaTejibCTBa jiHiţc lipcc ryfIHNMH yCTpClvUlCHMHMH. B 3!OHC(i)epeCTajIH(i)OpMHpOBaTbCaKpHMHliajIbHMC CTpyKTypbl. C 3TOIK) MOMeHTa M02KH0 FOBOpHTb O pa3BHTHH

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HajiHMHBaHne achokhmx cpeACTB. TepMHH “o6HajiHMHBaHHe” poAHJica b c p e A e KoonepaTopoB noc/ie npwH5iTH5i 3aKOHa “O KOonepaiţHH” , kotophh pa3pemmi KOonepaTHBaM HCn0JIb30BaTb KaK 6e3HaJIHMHyiO (J)OpMy, T3K H paC^eTH HaJIHMHWMH acHeaCHblMH CpeACTBaMH, B TO BpeMfl KaK APyrne CyâbeKTH X03SIHCTBeHH0H AC5ITejIbHOCTH AOJDKHbt 6bLJIH, 3a peAKHM HCKJIKMeHHCM, HCn0JIb30BaTb TOJibKO 6e3HajiHMHyio <t>opMy pacMeTOB.

Oah3ko, rocyAapcTBeHHHM npeAnpHHTHflM b psiAe ciy^aeB Toace HyacHM 6bUIH HajIHMHMe CpeACTBa. RjlX HX IIOJiyHeHHH 3aKJIK)MaJIHCb c koonepaTHBHHMH opraHH3auH»MH 4>HKTHBHwe AoroBopw Ha npno6peTeHHe pa3JiH^HOH TexHHKH, nepecwjiajm Ha hx pacneTHbiH cueT AeHeacHbie cpeACTBa, K0T0pbie pa6oraHK KOonepaTHBa CHHMaji,(B paAe aiyqaeB hcnojib3y5i jiHHHbie cbh3h c pa6oraHKOM 6aHKa, ;ih6o 3a b3htkh) h ■*nepeAaBaji npeACTaBHTejuo npeAnpHHTH», ocTaBjiaa y ce6a qx 10 ao 40% chhthx co cqeTa cyMM. MHonie KoonepaTHBH crajm cneiţHajiH3HpoBaTbCH HCKjHO^HTejibHO Ha nojiyMeHHH b 6aHKax KpynHwx cyMM HajiHMHwx AeHer, paHee nepeMHC^ieHHbix hm npeAnpHsrnfsiMH no 6e 3HajiHHHOMy pacMeTy no (J)hkthbhmm AoroBopaM. 3aTeM ohh B03Bpam;ajiH hx “xo3aeBaM”.

TaKHMnyTeM A&HCTBOBajiH, HanpHMep, py koboahtcji h HeKOTopbix mockobckhx K00nepaTHB0B. Ohh CHHMa/iH nocrynHBiiiHe Ha hx pac^erabiH cqeT o t npeAnpH5iTHH h opraHH3aiţHH AeHeacHwe cpeACTBa «Ko6bi rjm npHo6peTeHHH KOMnwoTepoB h APyroH tcxhhkh, 3aTeM nepeAaBajiH hx 55

npeflcraBHTejiflM 3axa3MHKOB, Koropbie caMH 3aHHMajincb iiohckom h 3aKynKOH Heo6xOflHMOH KOMIlblOTepHOH TeXHHXH, a B KOOnepaTHB npeAOcraBjisuiH 3axyno^Hbie axTu c yxa 3aHHeM $aMHjiHH npoAaBiţOB, xax npaBHjio, bumbi uuieHHbix, h axTu CAaMH-npneMXH tcx h h x h .

“IIponycTMB” TaxHM nyTeM ^epe3 cboh pac*ieTHbie cneTa m hjuihohh pyâjieik h npaxTH^ecxH He np0H3B0A« HHxaxHx ach ctb h h no npHo6peTeHHio npoAyxiţHH, xoonepaTHBBi nojiyMHjiH mhjuihohh bie “aoxoam”, xoropwe 6wjih npHcqpeHH hx pyxoBOAHTejisiMH. Ecrb cpe^H juxenpeAnpHHHMaTejieHMacTepa, yMeiomHe “ACJiaTb AeHbm H3 B03ayxa” . IIpHMepoM TOMy MoaceT cjiyxHTb yrojiOBHoe acjio, bo36y«AeHHoe no <J)axTaM xnuţeHHH b oahom mockobckom xoonepaTHBHOM 6aHxe, a Tax«e b psme Apyrnx <J)hkthbhhx xoMMep^ecxHx opraHH3auHH. OpraHH3aTop npecrymiOH rpynnw JI. h ero coo6iuhhkh nojiymum o t noApa3AejieHHH 6wBmero jKwicoiţâaHxa CCCP b bhac xpeAHTOB 85 mhjijihohob py6jien h 3aH5uiwcb hx nepeBOAOM b HajmwHbie AeHeacHbie epeAeTBa. Ohh crajiH hx 6ecx0HTp0JibH0 pacxoAOBaTb, Hcn0jib30BaTb b xopHCTHWx u,eji5ix. HeAOcraHy noxpwBajiH nyTeM nepe6pocxn hx co c^eTa

OAHOMOpraHH3aiţHH Ha C^eT APyrOH, C03AaBa5l BHAHMOCTb aKTHBHOHAeiiTejIbHOCTH CBOHX npeAnpHHTHH. B HTO re 35 MHJUIHOHOBH3 3THX ACHer 6h jih noxHmeHH, a JI. BMecTe c coo6mHHxoM B u e x a j i 3a rpaHmţy. Cnycra HexoTopoe BpeMîi Ha 0CH0BaHHH MaTepnajiOB, npeAocraBjieHHbix Hameii crpaHOH, ohh 6buin 3aAepxaHbi npaBooxpaHHTejibHUMH opraHaMH IIlBeHuapHH h Eojihbhh. Oahh H3 hhx yxe AenoprHpoBaH b Pocchio, a HeAaBHO noAoâHoe pemeHwe npwHHTo h BjiacrsiMH IIlBeHuapHH. riopoH aj i« ocynţecTBjieHHH MonţeHHH^ecxHx h hhbix npoTHBonpaBHux pac^eTHwx, xpeAHTHbix h Apyrnx onepaiţHH co3AaK)TC5i (})HKTHBHbie npeAnpHHTHH 6e3 perHcrpauHH hx b m ccthhx opraHax BjiacTH jih 6o c xaXHMH-TO HHbIMH HapyUieHHKMH. Oco6we Tpe6oBaHH« npeAbHBjwioTCfl x nopsiAJixy 06pa30BaHH5i h peacHMy padoTH 6aHKOB, onepaiţHH h cacjixh x o to p h x hbjihiotch pHCKOBaHHHM BHAOM AC5ITeJIbHOCTH. Pa3JIHMHbie ynyiIţeHHSI B 3THX Bonpocax MoryT npHBecTH x 6aHxpoTCTBy 6aHX0B, yTpaTe x hhm AOBepnsi, 3a ^eM cjieAyeT HSMTHe H3 hhx naeB, MaccoBHH Bbi6poc Ha puhok axiţHH H6aHXpOTCTBO. Il03T0My AeflTejIbHOCTb 6aHKOB BOBcex CTpaHaX HaXOAHTCfl noA 6ojiee npncTajibHbiM BHHMaHHeM rocyAapcTBeHHwx opraHOB. OaHaxo, TpyAHOCTH nepexoAHoro nepnoAa, HaTj^Hw b 4)opMHpoBaHHH PHHOMHMX OTHOUieHHH, HeCOBepUieHCTBO 6aHKOBCXOrO 3aXOHOAaTeJIbCTBa npHBejiH x TOMy, mto p«A 6aHxoB b Haine# CTpaHe 6hji co3AaH c rpy6wMH HapyiIţeHHHMH yCJIOBHH HX 06pa30BaHH5I. HanpHMep, npn ywpeacAeHHH 6aHxa “O ” b oahoh h 3 aBTOHOMHwx pecny 6jiHx Pocchh h h oahh h 3 n a r a nanmHxoB-yMpeAHTejieH naeBwe b 3hoch He bhochji. 3 to , OAHaxo, He noMemajio 6aHxy npocymecrBOBaTb no^TH roA. 3anncb o perHcrpaiţHH YcraBa 6aHxa 6 buia no32ce aHHy-

jinpoBaHa. ' X oth nocjieAHHe HHCTpyxu,hh BaHxa Pochh cboaht BepoflTHOCTb noAO6h h x npaBOHapymeHHH x MHHHMyMy, Heo6 xoAHMa h yrojiOBHo-npaBOBaa

56

3anţHTa o t thkhx Heno6pocoBecTHbix npeanpHHHMaTejieH, b oco6chhocth b TaKHx ccjjepax AesrrejibHOCTH, r^e rocyAapcTBO ocymecTBjisieT jraijeH3HpOBaHHe.

B nocjieAHee BpeMa npaBooxpaHwrejibHHe opraHH Macro bh*ibjihiot (fjaKTbi MomeHHimecKHx onepaunft, HanpaBjieHHux Ha nojiyMeHHe KpeAHTa. B T3KMXcjiynaflx HcpcflKO npeAbflBJiHioTCfl (J)ajibmHBbie 6ajiaHch, CMeThi aoxoaob h pacxoAOB h Apyme AOKyMeHTH. Hcnojib3yioTCîi h APyme yXHUUpCHMfl, OCHOBHdtt lţCJIb KOTOphIX - C03^aTb BHflHMOCTb o6ecnCMCHHH B03BpaTa KpeAHTa. 0aH3K0 BbJflBJlCHMe nOAo6HMX(JftKTOB BOBCe He oauaMaeT, mto 3jioyMhiuuiCHHHKH 6ynyr HaKa3aHH, noocojiMcy achctByiOLUHC HopMM y pojiobhopo npaBa He oxBaTbiBaiOT hx achcteha b nojmoH Mcpe. HapyiUHTCJIHM HCpCAKO yAaCTCH H36eacaTb OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH, T3K KaK npaKTMMCCKH HCB03M0aCH0 AOKa3aTb, MTO 3aeMiiţHK yace npn 0(|x)pMJieHHH nojiy^eHHsi KpeAHTa npeAnojiaraji He B03BpauţaTb ero. A noCKOJibKy npeAnpHHHMaTe.nbCKafl AeflTejibHocrb y Hac b crpaHe pacinnpseTca, to cneiţHajracTH np0rH03Hpyi0T Bcnjieac sroro BH^a npecTynjieHH».

HeKOTOpwe

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IIpHBeACM npHMep. O a h h KoonepaTHB n o jiy m u i ajih nocpeAHHMecKHx onepaiţHH c KOMnbiOTepaMH 6 aHKOBCKHH KpeAHT b 10 mjih py6 . (uH({)pa ycjioBHasi). Kpe/ţHTHbiH AoroBop cocraBm iH 6 e3 h3jih-

6 aHKpoTCTBa.

fflwx cjioacHoareH, He oroBopHB nopsiAKa npoBepKH o6ecneneHH5i h iţejiebopo Hcn0Jib30BaHHsi KpeAHTa, BWAaMH h norameHHsi ccyAH , 6 e3 npeAOcraBjieHHsi âyxra/iTepcKOH h craTHCTHMecKOH otmcthocth.

IIpaBAa, KpeAMT 6hji BHAaH noA 3ajior MaTepnajibHHx ueHHOcreH, nepeMHCJieHHwx b 3ajioroBOM o6fl3aTejibCTBe. KoonepaTHB 3ajioactui b 6aHKe: 4 nepcoHajibHwx KOMnbiarepa c nepH^epHen, nporpaMMHoe o6ecneneHHe c aBTopcKHM npaBOM h CBo6oAHwe AeHeacHHe cpeACTBa Ha pacMeTHOM cneTe b cyMMe 2 mjih py6. Ho 3to no AOKyMeHTy, a b peajIbHOCTH? B h , HaBepHoe, yace AoraAajiHCb, mto HHKaKwx nepcoHajibHhix KOMribKrrepoB Ha momcht BbmaMH KpeAHTa hh b KoonepaTHBe, h h y ero mjichob b HajiHMHH He 6 hjio. H to KacaeTCH nporpaMMHoro o6 ecneMeHH«, to oho HMejiocb. KoonepaTHB paccMHTHBaji pacrapaacHpoBaTb nporpaM My, peajiH30BaTb 1 0 0 3 K3eMiuisipoB no iţeHe 2 5 t h c . py6 . h B H p y w r b t 3khm o6 pa30M 2 ,5 mjih p y 6 . 3 to b TeopHH, a Ha npaKTHKe k AaTe B0 3 BpaTa KpeAHTa 3Toro He 6 h jio CAejiaHo. I lp H H H M a a a c e b K a ^ e c T B e T p e T b e ii c o c r a B ji s n o iiţe H 3 a j i o r a A e H e a c H H e cpeA C T B a H a p a c ^ e T H O M cneTe, 6 a H K H S H a ^ a jib H O j i n u i a j i c e 6 a ra p a H T H H H a 3 r y c y M M y b c j i y n a e , e c jiH K peA H T B 0 3 B p a u ţe H H e 6 y A e T . O c ra T O K A e w e a c h h x cpeA C TB H a pacM eTH O M c ^ e T e - B ejiH M H H a H e n o c r o H H H a si h Moacer H 3 MeH5ITbC5I HeCKOJIbKO p a 3 B A e H b . K p O M e TOIX3, K peA H T B H A 3JI OAHH 6 a H K , a p a c ^ e T H H H c h q t 6 h j i b A p y r o M , h 6 h j i o T aM H a A a T y c o c r a B jie H H f l 3 a j i o r o b o f o o65i3aTejibCTBa MeHbrne 1 0 0 p y 6 . I l p n 3 t o m H e 6 n j i a norameHa n p e A H A y m a a c c y A a H a n o K y n K y o6o p y A O B aH H 5 i - 2 m j i h p y 6 .

57

I l o j i y w e H H H H KpezţHT 6 b u i 3awHCJieH Ha pac^eTHHH cueT KoonepaTHBa, mto cpa3y ace 3aTpyAHmio Koffrpojib 3a ero iţejieBbiM Hcn0jib30BaHneM: 3 t h 1 0 m j i h py 6 . 6 m j i h o 6eaJiHMeHbi h pacxoAOBajincb BMecre c nocTynHBineH BHpyWKOH OT peaJIH3aiţHH npOAyKUHH. JI,OXOAbI KoonepaTHBa COCTaBHJIH o k o j i o 5 m j i h py 6 ., a pacxozţbi - 1 5 m j i h py 6 *, t o e c r b ocHOBHasi M a c T b pacxoAOB noKpbiBajiacb KpeflHTOM. K c r a r a , 3HaMKTejibHasi nacTb nocrynjieHHH b oiuiaTy c m c t o b nepeMHCjiajiacb b nop^AKe npeflBapHTejibHOH onjiaTw, a Ha m o m c h t caMOJiHKBHAaiţHH KoonepaTHBa 2 0 % npeABapHTejibHO 0iuiaMeHH0H npoflyKUHH He 6 h j i o OTrpyaceHO. JI io 6 o n b iT H b ie A a H H w e n o jiy w e H M n p n a H a jiH 3 e C T p y K T y p b i p a cx o A O B .

70%

H3 h h x - o n e p a u H H B b m a n H H a jiH M H w x fleH eacH b ix cpeACTB n o M eK y

c o CMeTa K o o n e p a T H B a . M 3 h h x 1 0 m j i h p y 6 . - Ha n p H o 6 p e T e H H e KOM nbJOT e p o B y M acTH h ix j i h u , h 1 , 5 m j i h p y 6 . - H a “ 6 jia ro T B o p H T e jib H b ie u e j i n ” .

T o , m t o KoonepaTHB He co 6Hpajica B03BpamaTb Kpe^HT, o m c b h a h o H3 zţHHaMHKH xo3pacMeTHoro A0X0Aa, o c r a i o m e r o c f l b pacnopaaceHHH Koo­ nepaTHBa, h cpeflcrB Ha pac^eraoM c^eTe. B TeneHHe Bcero nepHOAa AenCTBH5I KpeAHTHOrO AOrOBOpa OTCyTCTBOBaJia TeHAeHUHfl HaKOIUieHH» AeHeacHux cpeACTB ajia norameHHH KpeAHTa, a OKynaeMOCTb h 3(J)(i)eKTHBHOCTb 3aTpaT 6 b u i a Kpaime h h 3 k o h . H BejiHMHHa xo3pac^eTHoro Aoxofla 6bIJia HeAOCTaTOUHOH RJIX JIHKBHAaiţHH 3aAOJiaceHHOCTH 6aHKy. OflHaKO o6i>eKTHBaHafl B03M0acH0CTb norameHHfl KpeAHTa cymecTBOBajia, TaK KaK b Te^eHHe Bcero nepHOAa KoonepaTHB pacnojiaraji 3HaMHTejibHbiHMH MaTepnajibHbiMH iţeHHocrflMH h fleHeacHHMH epefleTBaMH. BHpyMKa o t peajiH3auHH o6opyAOBaHHH cocraBHjia 5 m j i h py 6 ., a ocraTOK jierKOpeaJIH3yeMHX aKTHBOB, no AaHHWM HHBeHTapH3aiţHH npn JIHKBHAaiJHH KoonepaTHBa, cocTaBHJi 4 , 5 m j i h py 6« K p o M e T o r o , K o o n e p a T H B n p o H 3 B e j i p s m H e3 < }x } )eK T H B H b ix p a c x o A O B H a 6 e 3 B 0 3 M e 3 f l H 0 e (J )H H a H C H p o B a H H e p a 3 J iH M H H x n p o e K T O B , H a flO J ie B o e y w a C T H e b c o B M e c T H O H jo ţeîiT ejib H O C T H c A p y r H M H K O o n e p a T H B a M H , H a 6 j i a r o T B o p H T e jib H w e i ţ e j m ) - B c e r o 6 o j i e e 4 m j i h p y 6 .

ICor^a HacTymui cpoK B03BpameHHH KpeAHTa, KoonepaTHB caMOjiHKBHAHpoBajiCH H3-3a HeiuiaTeacecn0C06H0CTH. JlHKBHAauHH npoH3onuia 6e3 yqacTHfl KpeAHTopa. ZtoKyMeHTw noAnHcaji npeACTaBHTCJib 6aHKa (b kotopom y KoonepaTHBa 6bui pac^erabiH cmct), He hmcbiiihh HHKaKHx npeTeH3HH. JIoacHbie 6aHKpoTCTBa yace peajibHO cymecTByiOT b Hameii ; k h 3 h h , a 33KOH, npeAyCMaTpHBaiOmHH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb AJIfl Jiace6aHKpOTOB, AO c h x nop He npHHAT. HacTbi crajiH cjiy Man npHMHHeHHa HMymecTBeHHoro yuţep 6a c o 6 c t b c h HHKy nyTeM o6MaHa h j i h 3JioynoTpe6jieHHH AOBepneM. CjieAyeT oTMeTHTb npo 6 eji b rpaacAaHCKOM 3a KOHOAaTejibCTBe . CTaTba 2 2 6 rpaacAaHCKoro k o AeKca PCOCP a b h o ycTapejia, TaK KaK 3% im p a r a 3a Hcn0Jib30BaHHe M y a c o r o HMymecTBa HeconocTaBHMw c pa3MepaMH 6aHKOBCKHx craBOK 3 a KpeAHT. 3Ha513TO, MOHieHHHKH nWTaiOTCfl H3BJieKaTb BbirOAy 3 a CM eT HCn0Jib30BaHHfl ^y>Koro HMymecTBa. HanpHMep, HeAo6 pocoBecTHbie napTHepH, He BbinojiHHB ycjiOBHsi Aorosopa, CBoeBpeMeHHO He

58

B03Bpanţai0T AeHeacHwe cyMMbi, nepeMHCJieHHue Ha hx pacuerabift cneT b Ka^ecTBe npeABapHTejibHOH oruiara. Hcno)ib3ysi hx b cboch x:03HHCTBeHHOHACHTe^bHOCTH, OHH H3BJieKaiOT H3 060p0Ta My>KHXfleHeaCHHX CpeACTB

npH6buib AJia ce6«. flpyraH >kc cropona, kotopom npwHaAJieacaT 3th cpeACTBa, hc mo^cct B 3T0 BpSMfl HCllOPlfcSOBaTb h x h nojiy^aTb npH6mib* Hcpcako b icauccTHc nDTCpnCBllIMX BwerynaioT h rpaacAaHe, nepCUHC^HBUlHe aeH&KHHC cpCACTia pflWHVHHM opranH3auHHM b BHAe ncpfîOiiOMâJibHoro BlHDCfl Ha i rpovmvn»CTBo Aa'inori) AOMHKâ, noxynKy iHna/ibuoii MainmiM, no/mmuMC H3jţa»mtf mt .ii.

ÎBk, KyDCKoe npwinpnsiTHe **M” uojiyHmio okojio 47 mhjuihohob py&ieft or 250 rhicn'i 'uyumeK, KOTopwe nepcHHCjiHjiw cboh cpeACTBa Ha iiwnyţ k iHi;ta.;ii>nwx M.irunu. Oahukc oâeuţaHHbie MauiHHW BbinyuţeHbi He fmum, llpCAnpMMTMe ?KL‘ B TC.HeHHe rOAa HMejIO B03M0;KH0CTb HCn0JIb30BarbAeHbru no CB0CMy ycMOTpeHHK), a Tenepb oho potobo sepHyTb hx kjihCHTaM. Ho 3a hctckuihh nepnoA AeHbra cymecrBeHHO o6eciţeHîuiHCb b pe3yjibraTe hhcJxjisiuhh.

B OTAejibHwx cny^asix KOMMepviecKHe crpyKTypw, nepenHCJiHB b Ka*ieCTBe npeAonjiaTH MH0r0MHjuiH0HHwe cyMMH, He MoryT oâpaTHTbca b ap6HTpaacHbiH cyA c hckobbimh Tpe6oBaHH3MH, nocKOJiMcy He pacnojiaraiOT AOcraTOMHHMH epeAeTBaMH xjisi yiuiaTH rocnonuiHHbi. n o 3TOMy nocTpaAaBiirae, He nojiy^HB cboh cpeACTBa 3aKOHHMMnyTeM, b o tAejibHux cjiywasix rjm peuieHHH 3th x BonpocoB npn6eraiOT k noMomn

yrojiOBHbix 3jieMeHT0B. IIpHMeH5noTCfl MeTOAH h npaMoro MomeHHHMecTBa nyTeM o6MaHa aoBepMHBOH Maccbi rpaamaH. K npHMepy, Kaacercsl HeBepoHTHHM, KaK Morjih twcam h 6apHayjibu;eB OTAaTb HeH3BecTHOMy “npeAnpHHHMaTCflio”

cboh KpoBHbie AeHeaucH. Ho ohh 3to CAe;iajiH. X o t h npecTynHHKy HaAO OTAaTb AOJIHCHOe: pa 60THHKH OpraHOB BHyTpeHHHX A^JI, 3aHHMaK>mHeC5I paCCJieAOBaHHCM ACHTejIbHOCTH (J)HpMbI “ X ” , CMHTaiOT, MTO nOA06HOIX) B crpaHe enţe hhkto He npoAejiHBaji. ...B npomjiOM roAy ao Aman AOKamnacb BOJiHa MHoro^HCJieHHwx “nrp”, CBH3aHHbixcnepecbuiKOHAeHernonoMTe. FIomtobhkh 3aAwxajiHCb noA 6peMeHeM nepeBOAOB no 25, 75 h Aaace 300 py6jieH, KOTopwe ct&jih CTeKaTbCfl k pacnpocrpaHHTe^siM TaK Ha3HBaeMbix aKiţHH. KaK h oieAOBajio oacHAaTb, o6oraraB HaH6ojiee npeAnpHHMVMBwx, OKa3aBiHHXC5i b nepBbix p^Aax, “n rp a” crama 3aTyxaTb. Ho ocra^acb Macca HapoAy, BjiaAeiomero “aKiţHHMH”, no cyTH *■,6ecno^e3HWMH 6yMaacKaMH...

H TyT noHBHjiacb cJwpMa “ X ” , roTOBafl npHHHMaTb aKiţHH b He-

orpaHHMeHHOM KOJinqecTBe.

He 6mjio KaKOH-TOoco6oh peKjiaMH, a HOBocrb pacnpocTpaHH^acb, KaK jiecHOHnoxap. X htcjih EapHayjia noTHHyjiHCb b HacKopo 0TKpuTyi0 K0HTopy, iTţe y hhx Bno^He o(|)HUHajiobHo, c BWAaMen pacnncoK h 3aHeceHweM b rpocc6yxH, npHHHMajiH ripecjiOByTbie aKUHH. npaBAa, k 3T0My Hy«HO 6buioAo6aBOTb 900py6^en, HonoATaKyionepcneKTHBy. KaacAyiOHeAe^io HaTaKOHBKjiaAHa6erajio 15% mhctofoAoxoAa.BMecHii,-60%. A coaieAy*omero Mecsnţa yace Ha 3Ty HOByK) BbipocmyK) cyMMy - onsiTb 15, noroM 59

- 60... Ho Bce 3to npn oahom ycjiOBHH - AeHer He 3a6npaTb, npnxoAHTb KaxAyio He^ejiio, paaiHCWBaTbCH 3a HOByK) cyMMy. HeT, kohcmho, moacernb 3a6paTb, ho Tor^a - miaicajin tb o h npoiţernw...

H n p n x o jţH jiH , h OTM ew ajiHCb b c n n c K a x . H T a K - 6 o jib in e A » y x M e c a iţe B , n o x a H a k o H e u H e o6 H apy^ KHjiocb: n o jiy M H T b c b o h b k j i3 a y “ X ” h c b o 3m o ;k h o . I lo H a M a jiy A e H b r a B W A a B a jm cb n o n e p s o M y T e 6 o B a H H io , h o t o m c 3 a AepxcKow : “ H e T A e H e r ” . A n o T O M ... H o t o m (ţm pM a 3 a K p w jia c b . D i a B a e e HCMe3 b n p o c T o p a x H a m e ii P o a h h w . K a K C K a 3 aHO 6 w jio b o 6 i>5iB jie H H H o p o 3w cK e, c

55

M H ju m o H a M H p y d j ie iî...

CeiiMac bo Bcex oraejieHHHx m hjihuhh ropoAa CKonnjiocb okojio usltvl twchm 3anBjieHHH oâMaHyTbix rpaatAaH, Tpe6yiouţHx BepHyTb AeHbrn. B HeKOTopbix 3a5iBjieHHflx noTepneBiime Ha3WBaioT cyMMy He nepBOHaMajibHyK), a c npoiţeHTaMH, Ha6eacaBniHMH 3a AOJime He^ejin o tMe^aHHa b cnncKax. Ho, noxoace, Aejio CBeaeTCfl k TOMy, mto He yBHAflT BKJiaA^HKH He TOJibKO npOIţeHTOB, HO H CBOHX KpOBHWX. KaK bhahm, ji^cenpeflnpHHHMaTejibCTBO peajibHO cymecTByeT b Hameii 2KH3HH. Mbi ace coBeTyeM HaMHHatouţHM npeAnpHHHMaTejisiM He BcrynaTb Ha KpHMHHajibHHH nyTb. nycTb Bw 3apa6oTaeTe Majio, ho 3aTO 6y^eTe cnoKOHHw 3a cboc 6yaymee.

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6. y Bac HMeioTCH napTHepw, kotopwm Bw a6cojiiOTHO AOBepaeTe? 7. BauiM napraepw h b jis h o t c a a o c t 3 to m h o K O M n eT eH T H W M H b Bw6paHHOH o6jiacTH?

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10. C k j i o h h w j ih Bw BcerAa T m a T e jib H O n p o B e p s iT b Aejiosyio h h (})OpMaiţHK)?

60

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Bh He o6MaHeTecb b cbohx oatHAaHHHx. B Harnnx KHHrax bh HaiiAeTe MHoro nojie3Horo h HeofixoAHMoro b npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKOH AesrrejibHOCTH. yK^eM BauiHx 3asiBOK h acejiaeM c b3 mh coTpyAHHMaTb Ha 6;iaro B03p0«^eHHfl Hameii npeKpacHoii CTpaHn! H A JIO m

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62

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* IIo 6yxrajiTepcxoMy yneTy, KBapTajibHOH h toaoboh otmcthocth b Pocchhckoh OeAepauwH (C6. AOKyMeHTOB) JţaH naKeT HHCTpyKTHBHHX AOKyMeHTOB, BKJIKmaKHIţHXHOBOe “riOJIO«eHHe o 6yxrajiTepcKOM y^eTe h otucthocth b Pocchhckoh OeAepaiţHH”, yTB. IIpaBHTejibCTBOM PO ot 1 6 .0 2 .9 2 , uYKa3aHHfl no 3anojmeHHio 4x>pm KBapTajibHOH 6yxrajiTepcKow otmcthocth npeAnpnaTHH”, yTB. MhhcJjhhom PO ot 1 6 .0 3 .9 2 , ap. AOKyMeHTH. FIpHBeAeHH TaioKe KOMMeHTapHH k hhm. 5 0 c. 6 8 py6.

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