AA_SED_Term 2 Project_Refurbishing the City by Anbo Hu

ONE BATTERSEA BRIDGE OASIS

AA SED MSc+March Sustainable Environmental Design 2022-23 Architecture Association School of Architecture Term - 02 Project | March 2023 Term 2 Design Research : Refurbishing the City Part II

............................................................................................. Anbo Hu | Jiar u M a | Sar ab J ot Si ngh | Sophi a Lour des

AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23

Authorship Declaration Form

Term 2 Project : Design Research

TITLE: One Battersea Bridge - Oasis NUMBER OF WORDS: 9132 STUDENT NAME(S): Anbo Hu Jiaru Ma Sarab Jot Singh Sophia Lourdes DECLARATION: “I certify that the contents of this document are entirely my own work and that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of others is duly acknowledged.” Signature(s):

Anbo Hu

Date:

26th April 2023

Jiaru Ma

Sarab Jot Singh

Sophia Lourdes

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

A CK NOWLEDGME N T

The team would like to appreciate the time and effort of everyone involved with this project. First of all, we would like to express our sincere gratitude towards everyone at the Glasmill Building Management for assisting us for our building and site studies. Furthermore, the team would also like to thank the AA SED directors, Simos Yannas (Project Director) and Paula Cadima (co-Director) for their guidance during the term. Additionally, we are extremely grateful towards the tutorials and support provided by all of the faculty and teaching staff at AA SED (Nick Baker, Gustavo Brunelli, Herman Calleja, Byron Mardas, Jorge Rodríguez Álvarez, Mariam Kapsali). Lastly, Joana Carla Soares Gonçalves, thank you from the bottom of our hearts, without your guidance we wouldn’t have been able to do this project.

AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23

1. IN T R OD U C T ION

TABL E O F CON T EN T

1.1 Brief

2. SIT E ST U D YS

2.1 London weather Data 2.2 Site Analysis 2.3 Material & Colour Profile 2. Spoet Measurement

3. D ESIGN PR OPOSA L 3.1 Analysis 3.2 Conceptual Design 3.3 Precedences 3.4 Site Plan 3.5 Visualization 3.6 Technical Studies 3.7 Design Inputs

4. IN D OOR

4.1 Unit Design 4.2 Massing Development 4.3 Private Garden Design Development 4.4 Circulation Diagram 4.5 Orientation Base Loads for Different Units Sizes 4.6 Orientation Base Loads for Different WFR 4.7 Thermal Analysis for Grath 4.8 Thermal Analysis for Voids 4.9 Reuse Strategies for Voids 4.10 Materiality 4.11 Floor Plans 4.12 Thermal Studies 4.13 NE 20 Studios 4.14 NE 20 Studios Strategies 4.15 Typical Winter Week 4.16 Typical Summer Week 4.17 Temperature and Energy Balance in Typical day 4.18 SW 40 1BHK 4.19 Typical Winter Week 4.20 Typical Summer Week 4.21 Temperature and Energy Balance in Typical Day 4.22 SW 60 2BHK 4.23 Typical Winter Week 4.24 Typical Summer Week 4.25 Temperature and Energy Balance in Typical Day

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

TABL E O F C ON T EN T 4.26 Daylight Autonomy Testing for Typical Units 4.27 Illuminance SW 60sq m Units 4.28 Illuminance NE 20sq m Units 4.29 Illumnance SW 40sq m Units 4.30 Daylight Autonomy for Typical Floor Plan 4.31 Illuminance for Typical Floor Plan 4.32 Glare Analysis and Visualization

5. R EN D ER IN G 6. C ON C L U SION S

6.1 General Conclusions 6.2 Personal Learnings

7. R EF ER EN C ES 8. A PPEN D IX

AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23

I N T R ODU C TION 1.1 Brief

The project brief was for affordable housing and communal facilities on the site of the redundant Glassmill building that runs parallel to the southern edge of Battersea Bridge. Furthermore, climate change and microclimate studies was also featured strongly in the research and design proposals for this site. Additionally, occupant comfort and wellbeing was also supported and enhanced by carbon neutral strategies and adaptive architectural features. Even though the building enjoys a highly functional form, upon initial assessment, the office consisted of some apparent issues such as an extremely poor environmental performance due to the fact that the building is artificially conditioned throughout the year. Furthermore, the envelope of the building consists of a mirror glass which contributes to high solar reflectivity on the building surroundings. Since the building is located near a primary road connection, there are issues of noise at certain times. The mitigation of such problems were explored in this study through experimentation. There were several analytical approaches towards the study such as fieldwork analysis, computational analysis and drawing conclusions from each. The report is structure in 2 major parts, the Site Studies and Design Proposals. Each of the team members contributed towards the individual elements of each components.

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

02 . S IT E S T U DIES

AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23

The location of the site is in the heart of London with the nearest weather station being that of St.James Park. The data set used for the plotting of the graph contained measurements from 1973 to 2021. As can be observed from the annual graph, the temperature remain equable for the majority period of time except for certain outlier periods wherein it spikes. Furthermore, the mean outdoor temperatures are typically below the comfort band for the majority of the time during the year. During winters, the Dry-bulb temperatures reaches a minimum of -2 °C and a maximum of 14.2 °C. Furthermore, in the summers months the DBT temperatures fluctuate between 8 °C to 33 °C. The coldest months were observed to be December, January and February whereas the warmest were July and August.

Temperature (oC)

There is ample amount of precipetation throughout the course of the year with the prevailing wind direction being from the SW. However, the wind direction switches to NE direction during portions of Autumn and Winter months. The adaptive comfort band which is illustrated in the graph, is based on the (EN15251-2007) standard. In accordance with the annual outdoor dry-bulb temperature and the adaptive comfort band, it can be assumed that the annual average demand for heating is probably going to be higher, than the one for cooling.

Cold

Comfortable

Warm

Comfortable

Cold

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

-5

200

-10

Jan

Feb

Mar

April

2.0

3.0

May

Jun

July

Aug

Sept

Oct

7.0

8.0

Nov

Dec

Wind Speed (m/s) 0.0

1.0

Direct Radiation

4.0

5.0

Global Horizontal Radiation

6.0

Diurnal Temperature

Mean Daily Temperature

9.0

10.0

Comfort Band

Figure 2.1.1 Climate data chart. (Source: Ladybug)

EN15251-2007 Comfort Band

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lower Limit

19.1

19.4

20.1

21.0

21.9

22.1

21.3

20.2

19.2

19.1

Upper Limit

25.1

25.4

26.1

27.0

27.9

28.1

27.3

26.2

25.2

25.1

Table 2.1.1 Lower and upper limit of EN15251-2007 Comfort band for London.

Introduction

Overview

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Indoor

Conclusions

References

Energy Intensity (Wh/m²)

2.1 London Weather Data

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

2.2 Site Analysis The site is located close the Battersea bridge and accessible through bus from South Kensington and Clapham. Buses are available right outside the site. The area is mostly residential, with the zone that the site is in being the only commercial zone. The site is also accessible through the riverside pathway, which connects to the other regions around, especially Battersea Park. The region is centrally located and therefore tends to have a lot of footfall through the day. Figure 2.2.1 depicts a more details analysis of the site.

Figure 2.2.1 Site context with sun path overlay on Hay’s Galleria. (Image source: Hay’s Galleria official website)

Figure 2.2.2 Site transition over the years

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23

2.3 Material & Colour Profile

Figure 2.4.1 Materials on site 4|

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

2.4

Spot Measurements

AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23

0 3. D E S IG N P R O P O SAL

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

3.1 ANALYSIS The site of Glassmilll is located in a prime area. The locality of One Battersea is centrally located and well connected to major localities with a lot of traffic passing through the area. Closer observation and analysis reveals that the site in particular also sports heavy pedestrian traffic. The Glassmill building is located in a commercial zone while all the other zones in its immediate surround is residential. It was noticed that people had to transverse around the site from the immediate neighborhood to cross through to get to the offices in the commercial zone (Fig 3.1.1). The site also is adjacent to a pathway that runs parallel to the riverfront, connected to the Battersea park, resulting in foot traffic from runners, etc. The One Battersea bridge also plays a major role in terms of connection and accessibility, increasing the influx of footfall, especially during peak hours. The site is also located in a densely built region. Except for the Battersea park, there are a few existing public spaces, but they are utilized by majorly for particular groups of residences or offices and have spare vegetative presence. The site of Glassmills becomes a point of convergence. These analytical deliberations in regard to the ground level at the site led to the following design considerations. The idea of creating an space of greenery and repose in the middle of a highly populated and active area, an ‘oasis’. The idea was to propose a space available to the public to pass through on their way to and from work or other daily activities (Fig 3.1.2) would enhance the user experience as well as the characteristic of the area sociologically and economically. Another point to consider is that the proposal for the refurbishment of the Glassmills building is for a mixed use residential building, which means the percentage and patterns of occupation for the site in particular would increase too. This population in particular would require for a outdoor social space.

Figure 3.1.1 3D Visualization of Site Neighbourhood (Source: Rhino, Photoshop)

Circulation during morning

Circulation during evening

The site provides for an excellent opportunity for a design proposal of this caliber.

Figure 3.1.2 3D Visualization of Site Neighbourhood (Source: Rhino, Photoshop)

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23

3.2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN The conceptual development of the oasis is discussed in this section. 01. The ground level was opened up to allow for cross connection through the site. This would be ideal for people who work in the offices, etc. in close vicinity. This would also create a cross connection from the junction between the site and RCA to the riverfront. This would provide an access to the riverfront separate from the main road that connects to the Battersea bridge, as well as creating access to Foster’s Office and Battersea Park (Fig 1.2.3). 02. The design proposal also takes into account the proximity of the site to the main access road. This results in higher levels of noise throughout the day as well as the issue of pollution due to traffic. As a solution to these considerations, we propose to demolish the slab at ground level and incorporate the basement into the ground floor and create a passive barrier between the road and the green space. This will also create more accessibility to open space which is adjacent to the north east facade of the building (Fig 3.2.3). 03. To create more volume and to allow for deeper sunlight penetration and better sky view, the massing on the first floor level removed along the south-west facing facade, and a mezzanine is created at this level. This design decision helps to also create visual connection from the first floor to the ground, and thus into the green space, creating area that is linked to the central plaza (Fig 3.2.3). The subsequent diagram (Fig 3.2.3) is a schematic section that shows the conceptual design for oasis. The central portion in the plaza created in the basement will be a green landscaped space with trees planted through the space to allow for a better experiential quality for the space. This will also help to further reduce pollution from the road to some extent. While the planted areas create a space for rest and reprise, as if in a typical outdoor garden, the idea is to create a ramp that runs through the entire longitudinal space to allow for a direct access, for both, circulation and connectivity. Another added advantage to the ramp is to create a more direct line of access which segregates active and passive circulation. Commercial spaces are proposed along the north-east facade to create a transitionary zone from the oasis to the open space that is shared by the other buildings in the vicinity. To activate this space, a courtyard is proposed in this space.

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

3.2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN Figure 3.2.3 depicts the volumetric progression of the design development in the basement, ground and first floor levels, in alignment with the conceptual ideas. 01. Demolishing the ground level slab to create volumetric access to the basement, and thus include the space within the scheme of the planning. The two existing cores remain intact to allow for connection to the upper levels. 02. Creating mezzanine by taking out half of the first floor slab. The first floor is proposed as space for amenities for the residents. The mezzanine allows for visual connection to the green space below. 30. Islands are created at different levels to create passive zones throughout the oasis to allow for seating spaces where users can take a pause and spend some time in green space. 04. The proposed ramp creates cross connection through the green space, to the riverfront, and between the different islands too, allowing for clear accessibility. Figure 3.2.4 is a schematic cross section depicting the conceptual design ideas as implied in the structure.

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23

3.3 PRECEDENCES

Figure 3.3.1 Ford Centre for Social Justices, New York (Source: https://thecitypaperbogota. com/business/ford-foundation-returns-to-colombia/)

Figure 3.3.2 Ford Centre for Social Justices, New York (Source: Google Images)

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Figure 3.3.3, 3.3.4 Mega Food Walk, Thailand (Source: https://mooool.com/mooool-interview-with-somkiet-chokvijitkul-from-landscape-collaboration.html)

Figure 3.3.6 Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brazil (Source: Google Images)

Figure 3.3.5 Covent Garden, London (Source: https://www.worldbuildingsdirectory.com/entries/the-opera-terrace-covent-garden/)

Figure 3.3.7 Court Square Press Building, Boston (Source: https://www.landuum.com/en/interventions/court-square-press/)

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

3.4 SITE PLAN Figure 1.4.1 shows zoning of the ground floor level. The programing of proposed design on the ground level is as follows, as seen in the Site Plan; 01. Oasis (green, recreational space) 02. Ramp

Figure 3.9.1 UDI Study for indoor office space with respect to galleria roof (Source: Radiance)

03. Seating area 04. Core 05. Commercial spaces 06. Courtyard 07. River front

Figure 3.4.1 Zoning Plan (Source: AutoCad, Photoshop)

SITE PLAN

Introduction

Overview

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Indoor

Conclusions

References

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AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23

3.5 VISUALIZATION The ground level is further explained in details in terms of the activities that is proposed in each area. (Figure 1.5.1) 00 The green space as reprieve from the hustle - bustle of daily life. Technical evaluation leads to the placement of plants as well as the typologies that would thrive in these conditions in particular. The ramp creates cross connection from the residential areas to the river front, making accessibility easy and helping to enhance the psychological experience of the public who will transverse this space. Proposed bicycle parking under the ramp. Separated seating areas at different levels to provide more space for respite, and allow for another dimension in design, where the user is allowed a choice in regards to how they wish to use the space. This plaza can be a great place for people to use when they are looking to be outdoors but also sheltered to some extent in a busy area in 01 The courtyard allows for multi-functional purposes. It acts as a spill out space for the proposed green area, which can also act as a public space for the surrounding building, inviting more people to use these spaces. Additionally, the space in the courtyard can also act as seating areas for the adjoining commercial units. The commercial spaces are purposed to be rented, for different usages, which would include cafes, restaurants, boutiques, etc. depending on the trends and necessities of the users in the area. It was important to activate this zone adjacent to the building, in order to solve a number of questions which arose during the design space. As per site analysis, the space received only a limited amount of sunlight, and spend much to the time in shade, which implied that people would not like to spend a large amount of time here, therefore the activated proposed in this zone had to be ones that would ensure a circulatory footfall.

Figure 1.5.1 3D Visualization of Green Space (Source: Rhino, Photoshop)

02 The first floor is to be utilized by the residents only. The facade of the mezzanine which overlooks the green space below is slanted, and re-uses the glazed window panels taken from the existing structure. This design decision was made after analysis of sun penetration and daylight hours, as a passive measure to help better luminance through reflection, which the existing building envelope component offers. Figure 1.5.2 is a sectional elevation through the structure.

Figure 3.5.2 Section (Source: AutoCad, Photoshop) 12 |

Figure 3.5.3 Key plan (Source: AutoCad, Photoshop)

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

3.6 TECHNICAL STUDIES

Figure 3.6.1.2 Sunlight Angles (Source: EnergyPlus, Photoshop)

3.6.1 SOLAR ACCESS

It was important to study daylight in the proposed green space in ground floor to understand the utility of the space as a public area, and also, since the zone is proposed to have a certain cover of vegetation. The space was analysis in terms of solar access, to understand the percentage of sunlight the area would receive annually. Figure 3.6.1.1 shows the results of the same. The southwest facade seems to receive a greater percentage of solar access, raising even up to 70% on the ground, and even though the northwest facade seems to have lower percentage of light, the readings fall between 20% to 30%. Nevertheless, the results do not show high percentage of sunlight within the space through out the year, which would essentially create a contradictory condition for a proposal such as is pursued in the design. This analysis is crucial in terms of understanding the placement, as well of height of vegetation, and its typology. For example, the zone to the right of the ramp should have vegetation that is shorter in height, and have a scarce foliage to allow for more sunlight penetration to the interior portion, while the zone to the left of the ramps can have trees with denser foliage. This would also allow for a more aesthetically and psychologically pleasing environment around the seating areas. Sine the building is oriented on a slightly southwest - northeast axis along its longitudinal side, the southwest facing facade receives maximum sunlight. Figure 3.6.1.2 depicts solar angles and penetration of sunlight on from the south direction, informing the design development of the green space. This analysis confirms that taking away from the first floor level to create a mezzanine. This design decision will help to increase the sunlight hours in the ground floor.

Figure 3.6.1.1 Solar Access - Annual (Source: EnergyPlus, Photoshop)

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AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23

3.6 TECHNICAL STUDIES

3.6.2 VEGETATION STUDY

Table 3.6.2.1 is a detailed description of the vegetations that is proposed in th green space, oasis. The typologies of trees, shrubs and plants are carefully selected with considerations regarding three main criteria. Even though aesthetics is one of the most important considerations to align with, the vegetation study was derived from more functional parameters. From analysis of sunlight hours and penetration of sunlight in the space, reference for the heights of the trees or plants as well as the width and density of foliage are derived. This would determine the placements of the trees in the green space. Another criteria that was taken into consideration is low light penetration in winters, therefore, the trees that are proposed for the design are deciduous in nature, giving two distinct advantages to the design, one being the fact that they naturally survive in conditions with low light, and second, that during winters, when sunlight hours are marginally low, the trees shed their foliage, therefore not creating disruptions in regards to blocking light. In the same way, the shrubs and grass cover are selected to from species that are native and are evergreen, to ensure balance in the whole design, i.e. to ensure a certain amount of greenery all throughout the year, keeping the aesthetic quality of the space intact. Figure 3.6.2.2 shows the placement of the trees in plants in the green space. The size and height of the trees vary depending on the species and also the area in the plan that it is located. The key goal here was to be able to achieve. This study of vegetation at this point in the study becomes crucial since it will then inform the subsequent studies regarding technical studies, which will be discussed in the next sections.

Table 3.6.2.1 Vegetation study (Source: Google) Figure 3.6.2.1 Placement of trees in plan (Source: AutoCad, Photoshop)

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Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

3.6 TECHNICAL STUDIES 3.6.3 ILLUMINANCE

One of the most critical aspects of the technical analysis was understanding of the daylight in the proposed public space, in order to understand true periods of utility of the area. The test was conducted while keeping mind the study of vegetation that was initiated in the previous section. The proposed design in the ground level was stimulated in terms of illuminance for a day in two weeks selected in the year, one for a colder period and another for a hot period. The days that were selected were 18th June and 1st January. The stimulations are also broken into three levels, where results are derived for the first level, the ramp and the ground level individually. The results shall also be regarded in three sections, to be able to gain profound understating of the case and discuss appropriate design solutions. As seen in Figures 3.6.3.1 and 3.6.3.2, the amount of lux in the mezzanine level on the first floor is extremely well lit during the hotter period, while the results for the lower period displays approximately 200 lux, which in accordance to the CIBSE Guide (01) is falls within the required range for the functions proposed at this level. The ramp also displays an appropriate level of lux in the stimulations, especially during the colder day considered, falling close to the range of 200 to 900 lux, even in the regions that have a fair cover of vegetation (i.e. the auxiliary seating areas). The ramp is an essential portion of the green space that needs to be well lit, since this will be the area which will essentially be utilized most. The slop of the ramp also indicates the higher levels of lux in portion of the ramp that connects to the riverfront. It can be observed that the ground does on perform as well as the other portions of the proposed green space. The main concerns that arise due to this is that of safety of the public transversing through this space in colder months, especially when the sun sets earlier. This will make the space hostile, attract unwanted activities and will defeat the purpose of the design. These results lead to some considerations regarding passive energy and artificial lightening which can be applied to the space to make it operational and more accessible during certain periods throughout the year. The consideration will be discussed in later sections.

Figure 3.6.3.1 Illuminance, summer week (Source: EnergyPlus, Photoshop)

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

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AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23 Figure 4.2.2 Occupancy schedule as per interview

Figure 3.6.3.2 Illuminance, winter week (Source: EnergyPlus, Photoshop)

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Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

3.6 TECHNICAL STUDIES 3.6.4 CFD

Analysis was stimulated in terms of wind for the proposed green space. The main direction of the wind is from southwest to northeast, in the direction of the river adjoining the site. Figure 1.6.4.1 and Figure 1.6.4.2 display stimulations run for the green space with and without the proposed vegetation in the space through AutoDesk CFD. Figure 3.6.4.1 shows higher wind speed along the longitudinal southwest facing facade of the building is exposed directly to higher wind flow, ranging from around 1.2 m/s to 4 m/s. The wind speeds are fairly high for a public space to achieve a comfortable micro-climate. The space would not perform well during colder months, under the base condition. It is quite clear that the intervention, i.e. vegetations in form of trees of different densities and heights, especially along the southwest facade, helps to reduce the velocity of wind entering the space through this portion. The velocities remain under 0.8 m/s in the proposed space. (Figure 3.6.4.2) The tests confirm that the installment of vegetation in this space would diminish some areas of concerns, allowing the design to achieve petter performance. The intervention is further tested for comfort with the help of micro-climate stimulations, to fortify the design and make analytical conclusions.

Figure 3.6.4.1 Wind analysis (Source: AutoDesk CFD, Photoshop)

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

Figure 3.6.4.2 Wind analysis (Source: AutoDesk CFD, Photoshop)

References

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AA SED | Msc + MArch | 2022-23

3.6 TECHNICAL STUDIES

3.6.5 MICRO CLIMATE STUDY

The technical studies lead led to a culmination of analysis regarding climatic analysis. The CFD displays that the wind conditions are manageable by introducing vegetation in the green space. The area is safe from direct influence of noise and pollution, since the proposed design is to combine the ground and basement levels to create a sunken area for the green space which is barricaded from the adjoining main road by the platform, which will act as a storage area in the space. The final technical analysis included an understanding of the micro-climate in the space, which would help to understand the usage of this space by public. Figure 3.6.5.1 shows stimulation results for extreme hot week, while Figure 3.6.5.2 shows results for cold week. The micro-climate analysis displays that the green space actually performs well under both conditions, and since the space is meant for public usage, the average period of occupancy in the space is not high. People are encouraged to use certain areas in the green space, like the seating nooks, etc., but it is not predicted to be long term occupancy. The proposed vegetation in the space also provides additional opportunities for adaptive measures, i.e. one can perhaps rest under the shade of a tree during hotter periods in the year. Both results depict mild conditions in the green space, further fortifying the proposed design.

Figure 3.6.5.1 Wind analysis (Source: Ladybug, Photoshop)

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Figure 3.6.5.2 Wind analysis (Source: Ladybug, Photoshop)

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

3.7 DESIGN INPUTS The most important analysis derived from the technical studies is in regard to daylight in the green space. Technical studies show that the proposed green space would receive sufficient light during the summer months, but not during the winter months. Safety is one of the most predominant concern that arises due bad lighting in public spaces. This gives way to crimes and unplanned inhabitation of these spaces. It can be concluded that the space would be unusable for the public for a vast chunk of time during the year. For the proposed design to be more holistic and feasible, it was most important to tackle this issue. Since, about eighty percent of the rooftop in the proposed design is unused the potential for photovolatic panels was tested. Table 3.7.1 shows calculations regarding the same. The energy harvested from this source can be used for artificial light in the green space, used to illuminate the space during hours when the sun sets earlier during winter months. Figure 3.7.1 shows the area which can be used for this purpose.

Table 3.7.1 PV potential (Source: https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/ pvwatts.php)

The space will certainly have to be regulated in terms of usage, and the lights should not be allowed to be kept on for the entirety of the evening, as that would consume too much energy, therefore it would be important to have a few regulations in place.

Figure 3.7.1 Area considered for pv generation (Source: Google Maps, Photoshop)

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0 4 . IN DOOR

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One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.1 UNIT DESIGN

Figure 4.8.1 Proposal for change in zoning of office layout.

Introduction

Overview

Figure 4.8.2 UDI study: Light penetration in section for different orientations.

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

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4.2 Massing Development The original building 5 full floor with a half floored terrace and services area on the top. The building in terms of functionality was very well organised in a 60 x 12 meter grid. Our proposal is to keep the original structure as is and add 1.5 floors on top whereas removing the ground floor for communal purposes. The existing grid provided us with opportunity to keep the efficiency of the building, hence our design proposal started from the idea of being grid based. For our units, we started with a 5 x 5 meters block therby leaving 2 meters for the circulation. From our demographics study, we placed the blocks randomly with the idea of multiplicability. Our units are designed to be future proof by adapting to the demands of the times. Therefore, the grid provided us with the perfect opportunity to design units which can be expanded or contracted on demand.

Figure 4.9.2 UDI study: Light penetration in section for N-W facade. 22 |

Figure 4.9.1 Massing Development Diagramming

Introduction

Overview

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Indoor

Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.3 PRIVATE GARDEN DESIGN DEVELOPMENT There is a private garden for residents on the top river facing side of the building. It is a double height space with a dimension of 12mx6.5m. This area will be used as a space for recreation and communication. Meanwhile, the garden is designed for greenery and open sight to the river and cityscape. In order to give the space a sense of hierarchy, decreasing the perception of height for visitors, this garden is divided to 6 units. Then each of these 6 units is combined by vegetation, seating area and footpath. There are 50 seats within this area in total which provids ample rest areas for the entire building’s residents. The vertical transportion is horizontal and fragmented by placing the footpath in different height. The sense of walking up is reduced along with the beautiful cityscape, greenery and these slowly rising steps.

Figure 4.9.1 Garden Design Development Diagramming

Introduction

Overview

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Indoor

Conclusions

References

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4.4 CIRCULATION DIAGRAM Continuing from the massing development, we extended the staircase for 3 floors in order to comply with the fire regulations. Furthermore, we created semi-public communal areas for the residents of the building. The building was majorly bifurcated into 2 parts, the ground floor and the residential floors. In order to integrated the design with the context, we created the OASIS on the ground floor to attract visitors. Furthermore, we connected the circulation of the ground floor with the upper floors by providing strategically located staircases in order to increase connectivity for the residents as well.

North Garth Extended Stairs

One of the key design principlees for us was to promote physical and communal activity through the medium of voids connecting the entire building block. Therefore, any person in front or at any floor is directly connected with another on completely opposite parts.Therby reducing the neccesity of mechanical means, since these staircases break the verticality of the structure.

ROOF +25

5 th F L O O R + 2 1 . 4

To enhance the user experience of the building, a double heighted void was created on the northernmost part of the building at the top. The idea here was to connect the inhabitants with the views of the city and the Thames river.

4 th F L O O R + 1 7 . 8

Moreover, this improves the performance of the building due to the fact that the north side received the least number of sun hours which are crucial for a temperate environment like London.

3 rd F L O O R + 1 4 . 2

2 nd F L O O R + 1 0 . 6

1 rst F L O O R + 7

AMENITIES +3.7

THE OASIS

Figure 4.8.1 Proposed Circulation connecting the Public and Private Areas 24 |

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

Figure 4.8.2 UDI study: Light penetration in section for different orientations.

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

NE TOTAL LOADS

4.5 ORIENTATION BASED LOADS FOR DIFFERENT UNIT SIZES

in KWh/m²

8.00

7.38

A preliminary study on the total loads for varying unit sizes was carried out to gauze the correct orientation and placement for the units within the structure.

7.00

6.48 6.03

6.00

It was discovered that the loads increase disproportionately as we move beyond 15 Window-floor ratio on the northern side of the building whereas on the southerly side, the same phenomenon can be observed beyond 20. However, there is marginal difference between the unit sizes in the same orientation.

5.61 5.28 4.90

5.00

4.59

4.31 3.91

4.00

3.00

Since the performance gap is minimal, the unit placement comes down to design principles. Therefore, it was decided that on the northern sides, we will place the smaller units as they receive undesirable views whereas the bigger units was reserved for the southerly side. This decision was taken by keeping the demographical needs in mind.

3.80

3.62 3.03

3.02

3.28

3.02

3.17

3.32

3.08

2.00

1.00

LOADS

0.00

20 m²

WF Ratio

40 m²

60 m²

SW TOTAL LOADS in KWh/m²

External Surface

U.Value

Glass

Typical DGU with low e coa�ng U.Value G.Value VLT

Occupancy

0.193159

20 40 60

2 0.5 0.6 1 12hrs 2 4

Inﬁltra�on ligh�ng electric Vent per person

0.00015 16.00 6.5 12 hrs 6.7 18 hrs @ 0.5, 6 hrs 0.6 0 14.00

condi�oned Cooling setpoint Hea�ng setpoint

15.20 15.17 15.07

13.16 13.29 13.21

26 12.00 18 (15 hrs [7pm - 9am])

NATURAL VENTILATION NOT RUN

11.46 11.49 11.44

9.66 9.77 9.78

10.00 8.02 8.16 8.21

8.00 6.24

Inﬁltra�on ligh�ng electric Vent per person condi�oned Cooling setpoint Hea�ng setpoint

0.00015 6.5 12 hrs 6.7 18 hrs @ 0.5, 6 hrs 0.6 0

6.57

6.83

6.00

4.00

26 18 (15 hrs [7pm - 9am])

2.00

NATURAL VENTILATION NOT RUN LOADS

0.00

Figure 4.9.2 Parameters taken for the study

20 20 m²

WF Ratio

25 40 m²

60 m²

Figure 4.9.1 Total Loads for SW & NE orientations. ( Source: Ladybug + MinT)

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4.6 ORIENTATION BASED LOADS FOR DIFFERENT WFR

NE HEATING LOADS in KWh

Since the building is in a temperate climate, the heating loads play a disproportionate role. Therefore, heating loads were calculated for deciding the appropriate Window to Floor ratio of the units.

140.00

131.76 121.24

120.00

In the northern side, the ratio of 15% offers the least amount of heating laods. If we increase the window sizes greater than that then the loads become disproportionaltely high for all unit sizes.

100.00

However, for the southerly side, a concious decision was taken to increase the ratio to 20% even tough the loads are higher in 20 than 15. This decision was taken based on social aspect of the units as the views are better on the southerly side.

80.48

80.00

76.95

79.78

60.00 46.09 40.00

53.14

41.34 33.74

22.00 18.44 20.00

LOADS

0.00

17.50

8.22 7.37

2.14 1.48 0.31

4.97

WF Ratio

20 m²

L O W D AY L I G H T I N G

40 m²

60 m²

H I G H H E AT I N G L O A D S

SW HEATING LOADS in KWh

45.00 42.54 40.00 40.44 35.00

30.00 23.61

25.00

22.61 22.88

20.00

15.00

13.26 11.79

10.00

10.32

LOADS

0.00

0.15 0.00 0.00

1.07 0.92

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0.21

20 m²

40 m²

60 m²

Figure 4.10.1 Heating Loads for SW & NE orientations. ( Source: Ladybug + MinT)

Introduction

Overview

WF Ratio

L O W D AY L I G H T I N G

Figure 4.10.2 Sun path masking for possible glare hours.

7.46

4.55 3.47 2.97

5.00

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

H I G H H E AT I N G L O A D S

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.7 THERMAL ANALYSIS FOR GARTH As can be observed through the Thermal simulation for the Garth area, it can be seen that the DGU unit with planters offer the best performance during the typical Summer week. However, a design decision was taken to keep the original facade for the communal areas of the building in order to assimilate the design with the old therby created an interesting facade elemnet of Old and New. As can be observed, the performance of the space become worse with the onset of climate change and the temperature regularly extend beyond the adaptive comfort zone.

Figure 4.11.1 Thermal simulations for typical summer week of Garth (Source: Ladybug)

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Same observationa can be made in the typical winter week as in the summer. However, the temperature remain mostly out of the comfort band for every strategy. Moreover, a lower performance was accepted by choosing to retain the mirror glass facade in order to reuse the materials. Furthermore, it can be observed that global warming actually increase the comfort position in the future as temperatures will rise.

Figure 4.12.1 Thermal simulations for typical winter week of Garth (Source: Ladybug) 28 |

Introduction

Overview

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References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.8 THERMAL ANALYSIS FOR VOIDS During the typical summer week, most of the time, the temperatures are in the comfort band. However, during the afternoons, it goes beyond the comfort band and into Adaptive comfort zone. Similar to the other areas, original mirror glass facade is retain here with planter on the inside. As can be observed, the planters help in reducing the indoor temperature by approximately 1-2°C. The operative conditions become worse during summers in the voids with the temperature breaching the adaptive comfort band during afternoons.

Figure 4.13.1 Thermal simulations for typical summer week of voids (Source: Ladybug)

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Similarly, in order to improve the social conditions in the voids, lower temperature of around 1°C were accepted by providing planters. Moreover, even though the double glazed unit shows the better performance, the mirror glass was considered. As can be noted, the temperatures never reach near the comfort band. However, there are marked benefits by closing the space as can be noted.

Figure 4.14.1 Thermal simulations for typical winter week of voids (Source: Ladybug) 30 |

Introduction

Overview

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Indoor

Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.9 REUSE STRATEGY FOR VOIDS In order to reduce the carbon emissions from builing afresh, It is conceived that we can reuse the slab cut out by converting them into staircases with additional support brackets at regular intervals to improve the losses arising from breaking structural integrity of the in-situ casted slabs. A communal area was envisaged for the voids which were created, in order to provide a semi-public space on each floor. The voids served as major connecting points within the building. Converting them into semi-public spaces enhances the user experiences for the residents.

Figure 4.15.1 Communal space design for voids

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4.10 ENVELOPE MATERIALITY

Basic simulation material Window

Double-glazing U-value= 1.9W/m²K SHGC=0.3 Transmittance: 0.3

DGU

PLYWOOD CONCRETE

Facade (U-value=0.2m²K) CLT construction

Party wall (U-value=0.2m²K)

PLASTERBOARD

FOAM 1 FOAM

CLTM

INERAL WOOL PLASTER

CLT construction

Floor (U-value=0.2m²K)

Typical Insulation-R25 4 in. Normalweight Concrete Floor Soft Floor Finishes

Ceiling (U-value=0.2m²K)

Mineral wool 200mm thickness Rigid foam insulation 50mm thickness Timber joists 200mm depth, at 600mm centres Plasterboard 12.5mm

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Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.11 FLOOR PLANS

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4.12 THERMAL STUDY To understand the thermal performance of the building, there are 4 types of representative units are selected to be tested: Studio, 1BHK, 2BHK and 1 river facing unit. The second floor as the floor with most amount of units, it shows the basic prototype of all plans: units on the northeast side, two opening facing street, straight circulation, two transportation core. This arrangement allows more natural lighting could be introduced to the circulation, and could decrease the sense of closure of circulation. Most of units are connected with other units which could reduce the heatloss from the wall.

Introduction

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4.13 NE20-STUDIO All studios are located on the northeast side of the building. Typically, the area of a studio is around 20m², with 1 single size bed, 1 small kitchen and 1 bathroom. The main appliances include a small refrigerator, heater and electric lamp.

Figure 4.17.1 Annual Outdoor Dry Bulb Temperature chart. (Source: Honeybee)

Basic Simulation Parameter Occupants: 1 for 12hrs/day Heating set point: 18°C Cooling set point: 26°C Infiltration: 0.1ach Lighting Load: 6.5W/m² Equipment Load: 10W/m²

Figure 4.17.2 Base case Indoor operative temperature chart. (Source: Energy plus)

Figure 4.17.3 Base case monthly solar gains. (Source: Energy plus) 36 |

Introduction

Overview

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Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.14 NE20 STUDIO-STRATEGIES To test out the envelope component with the best performance, there are 5 cases with gradual improvement based on Case0 which has the proposed .wall stracture with original glazing. Case1 shows that after changing the glazing from single to double, the heat load decreased by more than 60% from 12.3 kWh/m² to 4.5 kWh/m². It demonstrate that how important the glazing property is regarding to the indoor thermal performance in cold season. Based on the double glazing with the U-value of 2 W/m²K, Case2 and Case3 have higher improvement on glazing thermal performance. Best double glazing is used in Case3 which has the U-value of 1.1 W/m²K. Compared with the more modest 1.5 W/m²K glass, the improvement is not obvious, but usually comes with a much higher price. Case4 is based on Case2 and with additional 50mm insulation on the facade, it has a slightly improvement compare to Case2. Case5 is the combination of Case2,4 and night shutter in winter. It has the lowest heating load of 1.49 kWh/m² and has a reduction of around 3 kWh/ m² compare to Case1. The specific performance of Case1 and Case5 would be tested in typical winter week (1.1-1.7) and typical summer week (7.18-7.24).

Figure 4.18.1 Energy Loads of different strategies for NE20. (Source: Energy Plus)

Introduction

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4.15 TYPICAL WINTER WEEK (1.1-1.7) The graph shows that the operative temperaure of both Case1 and Case5 are within the comfort band in the typical winter week from 1.1-1.7, while Case5 has a slightly higher temperature of about 0.5 degree. Take the cost into consideration, Case1 is enough to maintain the space warm in winter and its annual heat load of 4.45 kWh/m² is qualified to the standard of ‘Passive House’.

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Introduction

Overview

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Indoor

Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.16 TYPICAL SUMMER WEEK (7.18-7.24) The graph shows that the operative temperaure of both Case1 and Case5 are within the comfort band in the typical summer week from 7.18-7.24, while Case5 has a imperceptible higher temperature. Take the cost into consideration, Case1 is enough to maintain the space comfort in summer.

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4.17 TEMPERATURE AND ENERGY BALANCE IN TYPICAL DAY These two graphs show in detail the temperature changes and heat gain and loss of the studio in 24 hours during the two days of Jan 7th and July 21th. In Jan 7th, the temperature held steady between 21 and 22 degrees throughout the day. The temperature gradually rises after the sun rises at around half past 8am, and there is also a slight rise from 9 to 10 am due to the use of kitchen appliances. By around 2 p.m., temperatures gradually drop as sunshine decreases. Around 7 p.m., the temperature rises slightly as resident return home and turn on the lights. For July 21, the temperature fluctuation was larger than that in winter. The temperature on that day remained around 22-25 degrees, all within the comfort band. The trend of temperature rise became distinct from 9 a.m. when the homeowner went out and close the windows. The indoor temperature reached about 25.4 degrees when the homeowner came back at 19 p.m. With no sunlight at night and Windows open for ventilation, the temperature gradually returns to around 22 degrees. This indicates that natural ventilation by opening windows can significantly reduce indoor temperature in summer.

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Introduction

Overview

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Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.18 SW40-1BHK Most of 1BHK are located on the southwest side of the building. Typically, the area of the 1BHK is around 40m², with 1 bedroom, 1 kitchen, 1 living room and 1 bathroom. The main appliances include a small refrigerator, heater and electric lamp.

Simulation Parameter Occupants: 2 for 12hrs/day Heating set point: 18°C Cooling set point: 26°C Infiltration: 0.1ach Lighting Load: 6.5W/m² Equipment Load: 10W/m²

Shutter schedule

Window Night shutter in cool season Blinds in hot summer U-value= 1.5W/m²K SHGC=0.54 Transmittance: 0.8 Facade (U-value=0.15m²K) Party wall (U-value=0.2m²K) Floor (U-value=0.2m²K) Ceiling (U-value=0.2m²K)

Heating Load: 0.45 kWh/m² Heating Load: 0.56 kWh/m²(2050)

Introduction

Overview

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4.19 TYPICAL WINTER WEEK (1.1-1.7) The graph shows that the operative temperaure of all the space of the typical 1BHK are within the comfort band in the typical winter week from 1.1-1.7, while kitchen has a slightly higher temperature due to appliances. Overall, temperatures held steady around 22 degrees.

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Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.20 TYPICAL SUMMER WEEK (7.18-7.24) The graph shows that the operative temperaure of all the space of the typical 1BHK are within the comfort band in the typical summer week from 7.18-7.24, while living space has a slightly higher temperature caused by solar energy from windows. In general, the temperature will fluctuate by 2-3 degrees between day and night, but maintained in about 22-26 degrees in the week.

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4.21 TEMPERATURE AND ENERGY BALANCE IN TYPICAL DAY These two graphs show in detail the temperature changes and heat gain and loss of the 1BHK in 24 hours during the two days of Jan 7th and July 21th. On January 7, the temperature fluctuated within 1 degree, staying between 21.6 and 22.8 throughout the day which is compeletely within the comfort band. As the solar intensity increased from 11am, the temperature gradually rose and reaching a peak of 22.8 degrees at 2pm in the afternoon. Overnight temperatures are generally stable at 21-22 degrees. On July 21, there are two temperature curves, with the extra orange dotted line representing the condition of no blinds. With blinds, temperatures fluctuate by a maximum of 1 degree during the day, with temperatures ranging from 22.5 to 23.5 throughout the day. Without blinds, temperatures fluctuate by a maximum of 1.7 degree during the day, and the temperature reached to about 24.2 degrees around 3 p.m., 0.7 degrees higher than it would have been without blinds.It can be seen that the blinds can play a role in reducing the temperature, though it's not significant in this case.

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One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.22 SW60-2BHK The 2BHK is located on the southwest side of the building. Typically, the area of the 2BHK is around 60m², with 2 bedroom, 1 kitchen, 1 living room and 2 bathroom. The main appliances include a small refrigerator, heater and electric lamp.

Basic Simulation Parameter Occupants: 3 for 12hrs/day Heating set point: 18°C Cooling set point: 26°C Infiltration: 0.1ach Lighting Load: 6.5W/m² Equipment Load: 10W/m²

Shutter schedule

Heating Load: 0.39 kWh/m² Heating Load: 0.28 kWh/m²(2050)

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4.23 TYPICAL WINTER WEEK (1.1-1.7) The graph shows that the operative temperaure of all the space of the typical 2BHK are within the comfort band in the typical winter week from 1.1-1.7, while toilet has a 2 degrees lower temperature compare to other spaces which might be caused by lack of solar gain and deep plan. Overall, temperatures held steady around 22 degrees.

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One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.24 TYPICAL SUMMER WEEK (7.18-7.24) The graph shows that the operative temperaure of all the space of the 2BHK are within the comfort band in the typical summer week from 7.187.24. In general, the temperature will fluctuate by 1-2 degrees between day and night, but maintained in about 22-25 degrees in the week.

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4.25TEMPERATURE AND ENERGY BALANCE IN TYPICAL DAY These two graphs show in detail the temperature changes and heat gain and loss of the 2BHK in 24 hours during the two days of Jan 7th and July 21th. On January 7, the overall temperature remained around 22-23.5 degrees, with the nighttime temperature stable around 22 degrees, the daytime temperature fluctuated by 1.5 degrees and peaked to 23.5 degrees around 2 pm which is mainly caused by the solar gain. On July 21, the temperature remained relatively stable at about 22.5-23.5 degrees due to a significant decrease in solar gain caused by blinds.

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One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.26 Daylight Autonomy Testing for typical Units

Table 4.18.1 SW WFR 20% Dayligjt Autonomy

Based on WFR 20%, There come up with four types of window forms for SW facade and three types of window forms for SW facade. After simulation for each units, In the large integrated and horzontial glazing has the best Daylight Autonomy performance compare with other conditions. In NE facade the situations are complexed, the three seprated vertical windows for regular plan units and two windos for irregular plan is the best solution.

Table 4.18.2 NE WFR 15% Daylight Autonomy

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4.27 Illuminance SW 60 sqm. Unit The illuminance simulation for SW 60 Sqm. Unit. In overcast day in Typical Summer week the area closed to window get sufficient sunlight, it is over 1000 Lux, In Sunny Sky the illuminance is over 2000 Lux. In typical winter week, in overcast day, because of sunpath, SW facade get less snlight after 16 p.m. most of time the illuminance is under 1000 Lux. In sunny sky day most of the time in the day can get sufficient daylight.

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One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.28 Illuminance NE 20 sqm. Unit The illumance simulation for NE units shows this side get less daylighting compare with the other side. This is because of the sunpath, north east facade cannot get sufficient sunlight. In summer days, most of the time in day time the illuminance is over 500 Lux. However in winter days, NE facade has poor daylighting. The idea is using 15% WFR to reduce the heat lose in winter.

Figure 4.20.1 Hourly mean indoor operative temperature for selected winter week with different strategies. (Source: Energy Plus)

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4.29 Illuminance SW 40 sqm. Unit The illuminance simulation for SW 40Sqm.unit shows the samiliar result with SW 60 Sqm. unit. In overcast day in Typical Summer week the area closed to window get sufficient sunlight, it is over 1000 Lux, In Sunny Sky the illuminance is over 2000 Lux. SW facade get less snlight after 16 p.m. most of time the illuminance is under 1000 Lux. In sunny sky day most of the time in the day can get sufficient daylight.

Figure 4.21.1 Hourly mean indoor operative temperature for selected winter week with heating loads. (Source: Energy Plus) 52 |

One Battersea Bridge - Oasis

4.30 Daylight Autonomy for Typical Floor plan

The result from Daylight Autonomy for typical floor plan shows the rates is higher than 80 % in most of the units. In bedroom and living room the lighting condition is good in day time and do not necessary to use the artificial light. the wash room and corridor in in the inner part of the building and hard to get the sunlight, so these area need extra artificial light. However, the public space with enough glazing provides natural light are able to offer the dark corridor different atmosphere.

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4.31 Illuminance for Typical Floor Plan The illuminance simulation for Typical Floor plan is a little different from the individual units. When organizing the floor plan, the windows position should floor structure, they cannot block the building frame. In the Typical winter day, there has less illuminance during overcast day, it is around over 200 Lux in both facade. In sunny sky the SW facade has more daylighting and illuminance is over 1000 Lux. In typical summer day, both side have sufficient daylighting in both overcast day and sunny sky day.

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4.32 Glare Analyze and Visualization According to the visulization, the nost of time in North-East facade the internal space might not need worried about glare problem. The NE facade has less daylighting compare with other side and the window size is smaller, it is 15% WFR. Rooms in SW facade has more direct sunlight. The result from the simulation shows that in sunny sky sunlight light the space directly and cause glare issue for the area closed to the window. In this cases, protect some part of the window is necessary such as add a shutter.

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0 5 . R E N D E R IN GS

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06 . C O N C L U S IONS

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6.1 General Conclusions As a renovation project, we need to complete the design under the premise of considering carbon emission and energy saving. Within this framework, the process of exploring sustainable building design is a practical application of what we have learned from Term1. From the initial site survey, the whole department as a whole explored and measured the Glassmill building and its surrounding context, and found out the issues in converting this office building into a residential building. Firstly, the mirror-reflecting glass facade which would cause reflection to the street. Secondly, the thermal performance is not qualified for residential use. On this basis, we proposed the concept of transforming it into an affordable house, and tried to transform the building to bring vitality and nature to the surrounding area. Considering that the building needs to be partially commercial, we decided to open up the ground floor and make it as a double-height green public space, and placing commercial spaces around it to gather people together in this public space and use this OASIS. For the living part, three room types are proposed: Studio, 1BHK and 2BHK, which are respectively provided to groups with different needs and income. In order to implement the public nature of the building, part of the area in the upper living are open, as a way to reduce the sense of closure of the building and to break up the vertical traffic system to horizontal. In addition, there are 2 large green public spaces for the residents to leisure and communicate. In terms of unit design, through investigation, research and simulation, we found out the envelope structure that the requirements of passive buildings can be satisfied for each unit type. We found that the type and property of glazing can significantly affect the thermal performance of buildings. For wall conponents, we CLT is used as a result of its proper sustainability and thermal performance. The simulation proved that the proper double glazing with CLT performed well in this building. For the daylighting design of the building, we combined thermal simulation and light simulation to calculate the appropriate WFR for the facades of different orientations, and combined with the distribution and demand of the interior space, the total window area is distributed in different position on the wall according to the demand. Overall, most of the structure of the building was remained. The slab of ground floor, part of the 1st floor and the basement floor were removed to form a double-height space, and one and a half story was added on the top of the building, as well as extending the building’s staircase to the top floor. Apart from that is the facade and space design. In the design exploration process of this project, we obtained a deeper understanding of how to combine space design with sustainable design by using tools, research discussion. Besides, the ability of team coordination and information retrieval have also been promoted.

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6.2 Personal Learnings Anbo Hu

Jiaru Ma

Based on term1’s learning of software tools and analysis methods, term2’s retrofitting project for Glassmill building in 1 Battersea Bridgeis a good application and practice of the learned methods and tools. First of all, the team worked through the whole project, and I have obtained better understanding on the methods of communication and collaborative work.Secondly, for the project itself, the scale of the renovation is a factor that needs to be balanced in order to reduce waste of materials and carbon emissions as much as possible. One of the major challenges of this project is to make qualified proposals under limited conditions. In the continuous progress of the project, I gradually learned different ways to renovate a building based on its existing condition. In addition, as a subject aiming at realizing passive buildings, the discussion on energy consumption is also a major aspect in this term, and I have learned how to achieve energy saving by changing the envelope of buildings in a more profound way. Apart from energy aspect, we also did a lot of exploration about space, trying to take into account the impact of the building on the surrounding context, so that the renovation of the building could be a new opportunity to bring more vitality into the area. At the same time, we also try to create some comfortable and high quality open public spaces for the residents to enrich the dull living experience. In this project, we comprehensively considered lighting, temperature, ventilation and other factors. All in all, this is a comprehensive study of sustainable building design.

During this term I work well with my group mumbers. We try many methods to achieve the final outcome. In the beginning I do a lot of simulation to find the best performance one but not successful. After discussion with tutors I realized the simulation is just a tools in study process, I should finding the meaning for the work.

Sarab Jot Singh

Sophia Lourdes

The outcome of this research is a combination of group studies which helped me with an in-depth understanding of the parameters involved in the design process. In this study, we explored the various possibilities of retrofitting and changing the typology of an existing office building with poor energy performance into a residential one. I am glad to learn and explore the options we can deploy to augment the energy performance of built structure without compromising the socio-economic factors of a built habitat. Contextual analysis was also one of the major design considerations.

the design exercise was an extremely intriguing one since the whole process was interlinked with technical analysis, the play of creative input supported by a profound understanding of its reflection and influence on the space was an extremely education exercise.

One of the key personal learning outcomes for me was to grasp the explorative power of researching the performance of a building and taking that knowledge of what works and what doesn’t in order to improve the strengths of the structure whereas minimising the weaknesses. One of the most challenging part of this project was the creation of the “OASIS” on the ground floor since we had to navigate and design around various issues such as noise pollution and receiving adequate daylighting while also thinking about the survivabitity of flora and fauna. Lastly, through the course of converting the superstructure into a resdential unit, I had the opportunity to learn the numerous strategies we can deploy to minimise the energy usage of the structure in accordence with design principles.

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

My part in this project is lighting analyze for the building and take part in the design of sub structure. I learned how to work with others and let the discussion become an effictive way to improve our design. We shared the ideas and make the final project more suitable and sustainable. Finally, design a residential and commerical building is not easy, especially after leaning how to make the buildings more suitable for occupants and make the building low carbon. But using these ideas is not a limitation, they make me clear about the building regulation in real situations.

For me, personally, a lot of development in regards to use and application of the softwares that was thought in the first term happened in this term, were I was able to gain a more insightful, practical grasp on the process of design. It was interesting to analyse a space through the lens of technical studies and then make decisions based on the same, in order to develop a a space with more complex and subtle features. The exercise also helped to understand the interplay of green spaces in a more enclosed area, especially studies regarding vegetation and how technical studies influence the same and vice versa. It was also interesting to have been able to work with four very different sets of perspectives to come to collaborative decisions regarding design, which helped to enhance my own point of view and basic technical and conceptual point of views and knowledge base.

References

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07 . R E F E R E N CES

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06 References Information and data provided by Wandesworth Council Plans Material’s Technical Information Books and research papers 1. Cameron, E., Stojkovic, M., Saranti, K. & Conto, O., 2011. Redefining Pavillions: Improving upon Outdoor Comfort Conditions. PLEA 2011, pp. 13-15. 2. Reinhart, C., 2014. Daylighting Handbook: Fundamentals, Designing with the Sun, Vol.1. s.l.:Christoph Reinhart. 3. HLW, 2022. Hay’s Galleria, Issue 6. [Online] [Accessed October 2022]. Computational Tools 1. Autodesk CFD 2. Ladybug / Honeybee 3. Open Studio & Energy Plus 4. Radiance 5. Rhino 6. Excel MinT Spreadsheet Tools: 1. Spot measurement tools (temperature/ relative humidity/ lux) 2. Data loggers (temperature/ relative humidity) Others: 1.Berkeley clima Tools - https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ 2. London Wunderground data - http://www.wunderground.com 3. Optivent - https://naturalcooling.co.uk/optivent 4. EPW File - https://climate.onebuilding.org/

Introduction

Overview

Outdoor

Indoor

Conclusions

References

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08 . A P P E N D IC ES

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Original Structure

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Added Structure

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Entire New Structure

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