Revista el Caballo Español 2015 n.180 (English)

El Caballo Español Año XXIX Nº 180 Julio - Agosto 2007

Español / English

JOAQUÍN OLIVERA

HISTORIA CLÍNICA DEL PRE VETERINARIA

”Hay que conocer las tradiciones, el trabajo del campo, pero no podemos prescindir de la técnica.”

Caballero, en el siglo XII, evoca al guerrero y no al alto rango social como se cree

Solo un 30% de los caballos tienen un semen que conser ve una calidad aceptable

Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Caballos de Pura Raza Española

SUMMARY

115

EDITORIAL

116 121 123 130 136

NEWS

142

DRIVING

144

PRE-LEARNING

148

DAILY VETERINARY PRACTICE

Columnist: Jaime Molina, Manuel González and Jacobo Rojo

153

HIGH SCHOOL

Collaborators: Miguel Valdés, Luis Rivero, Juan Carlos Altamirano, Esther Gutérrez, Rafael Ortiz y Alfonso Cuesta

155 167 170 173

ANCCE REPORTS

177 87 88 89 92

FROM NEWSPAPER ARCHIVES

110

LIST OF ANCCE ASSOCIATED ORGANIZATIONS

111

LIST OF ASSOCIATE MEMBERS

Portada: Pedro Maza Íñiguez Mares Photo: Lemos EL CABALLO ESPAÑOL The Purebred Spanish Horse magazine since 1978 Edited by: Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Caballos de Pura Raza Española (ANCCE) Cortijo de Cuarto (Cortijo Viejo) Bellavista, 41014 Sevilla, Spain (España) Telephone: +34 954 68 92 60, Fax: +34 954 69 03 27 Web: http://www.ancce.com E-mail: revista@ancce.com Editor-in-Chief: José Palma Moreno Editorial Committee: ANCCE Communication Taskforce Editor: José A. Fdez Lineros lineros.doma@hotmail.com revista@ancce.com Technical Coordinator: Inmaculada Rodríguez Prensa@ancce.com

Secretaries: Ana Luque Design and Set up: Editorial Maritania www.maratania.es maratania@maratania.es Translations: Yreba Arobed, S.L. traducciones@yrevaarobed.com Legal Registration Number: SE-186-1980 Publicity: Inmaculada Rodríguez Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Caballos de Pura Raza Española (ANCCE) Cortijo de Cuarto (Cortijo Viejo) Bellavista, 41014 Sevilla, Spain Telephone: +34 954 68 92 60, Fax: +34 954 69 03 27 www.ancce.com revista@ancce.com Photo mechanics and Printing: J. de Haro Artes Gráficas, S.L. Telf.: +34 954 180 010, Fax: +34 954 183 444 C/ Brújula, 43, P.I.S.A. 41927 Mairena del Aljarafe, Sevilla, Spain www.jdeharo.com jdeharo@jdeharo.com © All rights reserved. No part of this magazine, including its contents, texts, graphics and photographs, whether in English or Spanish, may be reproduced by any means without specific written permission from the publishers. El Caballo Español is not responsible for the opinions express by its collaborators in the articles published.

114

ANCCE

We Need Your Collaboration

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR THE FORUM ASK TO THE EXPERT PROFILES Joaquín, Olivera, 9 Times Champion Driving with a POSTILLON Legal-Sanitary Aspects when exporting Equine Semen )UR]HQ 6HPHQ DQG $UWLÀFLDO Insemination in Equines The Spanish Walk

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS PRE HISTORY Prior to the Birth of a Myth, the Purebred Spanish Horse, The Medieval Cavalry (III)

THE MALL ADVERTISING PRICES MEMBER REGISTRATION FORMS LIST OF BREEDERS WHO ARE MEMBERS OF ANCCE

www.ancce.com

EDITORIAL

We Need Your Collaboration A few days ago, you should have received a survey covering a number of matters at your home, sent out by ANCCE. The objective of the survey is to know your opinion on a number of crucial topics, which will be up for legislation in the next few months, and that will affect the PRE breeding model as well as, competitions and the breed selection scheme in the upcoming years. The Association wants to know the opinion of the sector, to be able to act in accordance with it, and your opinion is needed above all in such significant matters as those covered in the aforementioned questionnaire. Legislation must not be introduced unbeknownst of all interested parties, and we would like our proposals before the Ministry to be a faithful reflection of the opinions of the majority of PRE breeders. We would like the Competition Regulations to facilitate championships that are dynamic, fair and trustworthiness. We want to know your opinion about assisted reproduction that would offer immediate advantages, such as accelerating the improvement of a specific herd of horses. We would also like to know your opinions regarding serious problems affecting marketing. We want your opinion to count to the same degree as those of all other members, both national and international, because we must be well aware that whatever is adopted will affect every breeder, both in Spain and beyond its borders. A tour has just begun, during which all the national associations will be informed of these changes, so that they state their opinions, distribute the survey and indicate the tendencies of their members to the questions asked. We would like to achieve a majority opinion which will under no circumstances be from less than fife hundred breeders. To do this, we must make a concerted effort to communicate with everyone. However, we must also seek your collaboration, since whatever is decided now will affect everyone.

into consideration.” Therefore, to avoid this situation, you must get involved in the making of decisions by providing your opinion on current “hot” topics, which will be regulated to establish the regulations that must govern us in the future. You can reply to the survey from the ANCCE Web site www.ancce. com. If you do not have an Internet connection or have mislaid your survey, do not hesitate to request a copy. Random telephone surveys will begin shortly, so that breeders can respond to the questions. Once again, I must request your collaboration, since the opinions of today will guide our development tomorrow

José Palma Moreno President of ANCCE

We plan to act based on a joint opinion so our proposals to the Administration include the concerns of all our members and breeders in general. We do not want anyone to say: “Well, ANCCE said or did such and such a thing without taking us

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

115

SICAB NOMINATED FOR THE 2007 ANDALUSIAN TOURISM AWARD

Cordoba hosts the 1st Workshop on OCD and its incidence in Purebred Spanish Horses organized by ANCCE

This award was instituted in 2005 by the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Sport to recognize, distinguish and motivate those—both individuals and organizations—who have been outstanding for their work in promoting tourism in Andalusia to favor sustainability or increasing the levels of quality.

Prestigious veterinarians, specialized in radiology, participated

The award is expected to be announced by mid-June. For the time being, the ANCCE candidacy has overcome several selection filters in the process that will lead to the definitive appointment of a winner. Remember that 245,000 visitors attended SICAB last year alone. After sixteen editions, the event has become the third most important social-cultural event of the city of Sevilla, behind Easter Week and the April fair. According to studies carried out at SICAB by the Regional Ministry of Tourism, the tourist sector generates more than 25 million euros annually thanks to this Event. SICAB has already achieved the Antares Tourism award for tourist excellence, in 2006. This might very well be another step in the recognition of the importance of this breeder event.

A workshop about the prevalence of osteochondrosis in the Purebred Spanish Horse, its diagnosis and repercussions in TQBs held since 2004 was held on May 11 at the University of Cordoba Veterinary Hospital under the direction of Professor Manuel Novales Durán. The object of this workshop, of a private nature, was to bring together the best specialists in equine radiology to debate OCD related topics and current legislation. The Ministry of Agriculture General Livestock Office has been informed of their conclusions, in case these can be incorporated into the TQB-related measure for this year, 2007. More than sixty Spanish radiologists attended this workshop in response to ANCCE’s call to participate. Likewise, a number of representatives from various Schools of Veterinary Science and Spanish Associations of Specialist Equine Veterinarians also attended the workshop. ANCCE’s long standing claim is for there to be a strict and standardized protocol for the radiological tests, especially now that there is a lot at risk for the sector ranging from the price of the horses up to and including the international credibility of the breed itself.

2nd Workshop

rosis

on Osteochond

NEWS 116

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

CONCLUSIONS AT FUTUREQUI 07 The Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (MAPA) organized a series of workshops for the Spanish equine sector, which were held at El Cigarral “EL Bosque” of Toledo on the 11th and 12th of April. The objective was to define the strategies that mark the lines of action within this sector for the upcoming years. During the workshop, important conclusions wee reached for the equine sector, many of which are highlighted below: A. General 1. It is necessary to undertake the necessary actions for the promotion and dissemination of awareness the equine sector as a whole. Apart from the pure essence of animal husbandry, this sector is an important source of employment and wealth. It is associated with a wide range of productive structures in a number of areas. 2. The equine sector is a valid alternative and complement to agricultural and animal production within the framework of the new (EU) Common Agricultural Policy. However, variables within the different sub-sectors included under a single title (riding, meat,…) demands specific and differed treatments in some cases. For this vary reason, it is essential to have a policy that promotes the various products according to the market niches. It is advisable for the equine sector to be brought closer to all the sections of the population. Likewise, it is vital to increase the demand of the various equine uses and services, especially riding at base level. 3. Some clear common regulations are necessary to define and organize the sector and regulate the business of animal husbandry in terms of zootechnical and health matters. The specificity of equine production in each of the individual sub-sectors involved must always be taken into consideration, while counting on the actual sector when it comes to designing organizational measures. The individual and universal identification of all equines and the registration of farm opeations are a fundamental piece in the administration of the sector (movement control, health programs,…). The census, registration and classification of the equestrian agricultural businesses constitute a fundamental objective when achieving an

effective characterization of the sector and based on this, to undertake the necessary actions to guarantee its continuity. 4. There is a need to harmonize the requirements for the movement of the horses between the different Regions in an effort to favor the practice of specific activities, such as competitions, tests and equestrian routes, and to facilitate access of equines to drovers’ roads. 5. As for selection and improvement, it is necessary to continue these efforts in order to produce more competitive and better known horses both nationally and internationally, without forgetting the promotion that the equine meat sub-sector needs. 6. To back competition, it is important to promote research, development, innovation and technological transfer, both within the scope of selection and improvement, as well as with all those aspects related to equine production and trade, including the lines of action linked to competitive performance.

7. Given that the specialization of the personnel linked to the equine world is a key piece in the development of the sector, it is necessary to identify, increase and regulate the specific training offer, both public and private, standardized to meet the different degrees of

specialization. Also, it is necessary to improve the dissemination of the actions made available to the sector and to favor training initiatives launched by Public Administrations. Foals at Yeguada Rebujena la Alta

8. It is necessary to advance and deepen into national and international marketing of equines. Within this field, there must be greater efforts to integrated sectors and the Public Administration, which would facilitate the effective detection of necessities within the sector in the commercial environment. Animal health constitutes a key element for national and international trade. The opinion of the sector—specifically that of the meat subsector—must be taken into consideration when discussing European policies on animal protection during transport.

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

117

9. Currently, communication must improve among all shareholders involved in the sector to identify the specific problems and establish a Strategic Plan of Action. For this, it would be good to create a Panel for the sector. 10. The creation of a single organization would be advisable to integrate and coordinate the actions of all the shareholders to avoid the dispersion of competencies whose aim is the setting up of an integrated development policy within the Equine Sector. B. Within the competitive field of influence and its socioeconomic repercussions 1. There is a necessity to foster national breeding for competitive use, establishing support mechanisms for quality, grants to the sector and promotion of the development of the Selection Schemes to decrease the dependence on outsiders, while at the same time promoting the demand for national equines. 2. The competitive results of the horses participating in the various tests organized by the Royal Spanish Equestrian Federation must be linked up to the Selection Schemes, with the purpose of carrying out genetic evaluations for the improvement of equine breeding. 3. It would be convenient to promote and regulate equestrian centers in terms of registration, authorization criteria and fulfillment of requirements, bringing them closer to the end user, thus facilitating the participation in riding. 4. To increase professionalism within the equine competition sector, it is necessary to regulate and standardize educational degrees and the training at the various levels and to establish the mechanisms for their promotion and dissemination.

The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food has approved Royal Decree 662/2007, dated May 25, for the selection and breeding of purebred equine breeds This past May 25, the Council of Ministers approved Royal Decree 662/2007, which regulates equine breeds in Spain, and repeals legislation 1133/2002, in force until now. The Royal Decree is a substantial change for the sector, as the Stud Book (of any breed) will no longer be an Administrative concession, but rather, it will be governed by private law. The new legal framework is liberal, and much less restrictive than the previous law, and allows greater participation of the sector in the measures to be adopted for equine breeds.

Oportuno

Olga Tarragona

With the approval of this new legislation, ANCCE m u s t present a new petition to handle the S t u d Book, w h i ch will adapt to the mandates of the n e w text. T h i s

has been done formally on June 13.

5. In an effort to facilitate the transport of the equines participating in competitive events, it is necessary to expedite administrative procedures by simplifying and harmonizing the required documents.

Because of the approval of this Royal Decree, in the next few months, there will be important changes in the practical application of the legislation. Logically, we are concerned for those aspects affecting the Purebred Spanish Horse. Foreseeing these changes, ANCCE launched a communication campaign a few days ago to know the opinions of breeders and associations so that the proposals presented to the Ministry are based on the opinion of the majority.

6. Competition should be used and promoted as a stimulus for participation in this sport, popularizing horses and promoting the values that taking parting such activities instills in young people.

Should you wish to consult the full text of this Royal Decree 662/2007, you can find it on the ANCCE web (www.ancce.com). You will also find it in the section ANCCE Reports, in the news.

118

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

The Real Maestranza de Caballeria in Sevilla plays host to a NEW EDITION OF THE CARRIAGE EXHIBITION organized by the ROYAL CARRIAGE DRIVING CLUB OF ANDALUSIA, as has been the case for the past 22 years

The twenty-second Carriage Exhibition, organized by the Royal Carriage Driving Club of Andalusia, took place at the Real Maestranza de Caballeria bullring, on Sunday the 22nd April. As of ten o’clock in the morning, the 127 carriages participating in this event were lined up on Adriano (street), ready and waiting to start at noon, where they entered the bullring for every to enjoy a show which, as the president of the Royal Carriage Driving Club, Jesus Contreras, said “need not be an expert”. This year’s exhibition was dedicated to the Royal School of Equestrian Art of Jerez, and carriages from all over Andalusia, as well as from Milan, Gerona, Murcia and Valencia, participated. During the presentation of the competition on the Sunday, the poster of the present edition, a work by the painter Nuria Barrera, was also on show. This shows a horse-drawn carriage, with the bullring depicted below, the cathedral in the background and in between is the river. The poster was an oil painting on board.

Juan Ruesga, the architect and collaborator of ABC (newspaper) shares his opinion. He was the 2007 Master of Ceremonies, who announced that his dissertation would focus on two eras, the second half of the 19th century, with Romanticism, and the first half of the 20th century, with Modernism. The secretary of the Royal Carriage Driving Club, Juan Hernández-Barahona, dedicated a moving memorial to Manuel Ramírez, a former director of ABC, who passed away recently, and who had also been Master of Ceremonies for the horses and carriages show. Teresa AndradaVanderwilde, general manager of the Royal Carriage Driving Club of Carriage from the Rebujena la Alta stud farm

Andalusia, provided more “technical” data of the competition with the participation of 283 horses and 17 mules. Of the 126 drivers, thirteen were women, compared with the six who entered last M. Vasco year. Concentrating on the actual competition, she pointed out that among the competition judges there were three international judFrancisco Acedo Trujillo, president of the ges, thus showing how the exhibition is becoming Andalusian Equestrian Federation, was also there to increasingly important outside of Spain. Andradapoint out that Sevilla has the only living museum of Vanderwilde thanked the sponsors for the support carriages, “because in central Europe, (carriages) given to the carriage competition every year. are not brought out outside.”

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

119

Manuel Oliva Clinic at Hacienda El Boyal Apassionata star trains riders and horses in Jerez

In Jerez, Hacienda el Boyal will host a dressage course with the rider Manuel Oliva, one of the stars of Apassionata (an equestrian show). Manuel studied under the watchful eye of Manuel Ruiz, (rider at the Royal School of Equestrian Art) and of Luis Ramos-Paúl. The course, running from June 1826, will include intensive individual dressage classes and visits to well known facilities within the city of Jerez. On the last day, each participant will be given a CD with photos and videos of the course. The cost is €867 for each participant, and includes, in addition to the program of activities and training, accommodation and breakfast. More information can be found at: www.haciendaelboyal.com

Information can also be requested by e-mail from Sandra at sandra@elboyal.com, or from Sabine by telephone at: +34956-161-821, or on her mobile phone +34- 609-323-347.

OBITUARIES JOSÉ LUIS BUENDÍA RAMÍREZ DE ARELLANO

FERNANDO DOMECQ

The father of our colleagues Javier and Miguel died recently in Sevilla.

A son of Mr. Juan Pedro Domecq, Fernando died last May in Madrid.

Mr. José Luis Buendía Ramírez de Arellano, breeder of fighting bulls and Purebred Spanish Horses, dedicated his entire life to farming, and breeding livestock along with his family.

Mr. Juan Pedro Domecq is a very prestigious breeder in the world of the fighting bulls, and president of the ANCCE Stud Book taskforce, with extensive experience in this field thanks to his work as President of the Union of Fighting Bull Breeders.

Javier and Miguel are very well-known within the PRE world, as they have spent years traveling around the country, collaborating with the organization of conformational and competitive competitions, standing out for their capacity for work and their responsibility. There have been countless examples of affection shown to them at this sad time.

From here, we send our condolences to Mr. Domecq and his family.

From here, we send them and their family our most sincere commiseration.

120

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

NUESTRO INVITADO

Letters to the editor Two years ago, we gave our daughter a Purebred Spanish Horse as a present for her first communion. After a difficult search, as any horse had to combine all the ideal characteristics, we found it: an honest, calm, obedient and hardworking 16 year-old horse. That was when, without having had any previous exposure, I began my contact with the world of horses. Day after day, whenever my daughter’s studies allowed, I took her to ride and to the championships, for which she prepared with enthusiasm and perseverance to the extent that they were even able to win medals. Her enthusiasm grew daily, as did my patience fed by her success. Two weeks ago, our horse, and I say “our” now that everything has finished, suffered colic. That was when I realized that I had, without having noticed, grown to love the animal so much; he survived 10 days, during which I cared for him day and night. I found myself unable to leave him; there was so

much contact between us that hat an understanding developed between us two to the degree that I could feel what he wanted and how he felt. He fought to the very end and, I must say, that the ties between us were so strong that it has awakened a tremendous passion, understanding and affection for horses that I would have never understood before. Unfortunately, we lost him, but he will be always with me, even if we get another horse, it was he who made me appreciate and understand this new world that is so beautiful and so remarkable. This world embraces and includes all the people who helped me so much and, above all others, the veterinarian, who was professional, dedicated and sensitive. From here, I would like to give a big thank you for all you have given to me and have helped me understand Alicia A. Orden Dear Mr. Editor,

This is a letter from a lover of horses in general and the PRE in particular, who is somewhat perplexed, astonished and, why not, angry, because of the “show” seen recently. I hadn’t attended a Conformational Competition in a number of years so I could not even imagine what I was going to see. I thought that things would have changed and that in 2007, in this global and welfare society we enjoy—at least that is what we are told—horses would also enjoy those basic rights. However, this was not the case—at least at the competition that I attended— although I fear that this story is not unique and that it is frequently repeated throughout Spain. Neither the name of the city, nor the competition or the judges will me mentioned, because my intention is not to do any harm to anybody, but to protect and to dignify the horse and the professionals surrounding it, of which there are many.

Carlota Gordon riding Furia with Giulia Tucci on Holgazán

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

121

I was only able to watch the Functionality test, so I will focus this letter on that, highlighting some points: Â&#x2021; 7R DSSUHFLDWH WKH TXDOLW\ RI WKH horseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s paces, there must be a space for this as is defined in the Rules and Regulations; it is called an arena. There was no such space; there was some kind of irregular-shape corral with ridiculous dimensions where a truck load of sand had been dumped. Â&#x2021; 7KLV LV D WHVW IRU VWDOOLRQV , QHHG QRW clarify the meaning of this word. Some of them were very young (4 and 5 years old) with very little training. Hardly five meters from the corral where they were supposed to be showing their skills were the boxes with the mares. Â&#x2021; 3ULRU WR D ULGGHQ WHVW KRUVHV need a minimum amount of time for their physical and mental preparation, and a place to do itâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;something else that is defined in the Rules & Regulations. Such an area simply did not exist; they had not even bothers to prepare another corral. Â&#x2021; ,W LV GLIILFXOW WR ILQG WZR KRUVHV that move alike. However, at this competition, everyone received the same score, with a minimum of variations. In many cases, the judge did not pay attention to what was happening in

the corral (I refuse to call it an arena), but even so, I do not believe that this was the reason for the similarity in the evaluation. Sadly enough, I believe that this situation was due to another type of interest. The placings that had been established previously in the conformational test went practically unaltered. It is difficult to understand the reasoning behind and why this was done, because it is the money and hopes of many breeders as well as the work of many professionals that is shamelessly toyed with; what is even worse, this is how the breed becomes discredited. How is it possible for there to be a horse competition that show no respect towards horses, when these are supposed to be the protagonist? It is appalling to see how magnificent horses damage their joints and tendons trotting and cantering along a road full of stones and holes, just to be able to warm up a little before performing a test that later turns out to be a pantomime; it is appalling to see how the riders get angry because they cannot prepare their mounts to demonstrate all the work put into that moment and to realize that they have been deceived, that it does not matter whether their horse is good or bad, or whether it is well or badly presented, that nothing

that they have done will have any influence on the result. It is sad to see how an elite horse gets stuck in the sand of the corral and has to really make an effort to stay in balance stride after stride, or how they get scared because they have stepped on a bottle, or how they trip over because they have put their leg in a hole or how the riders have to crouch when going past a certain area, to avoid getting caught in the branch of a tree. It is interesting to see how a full halo of beauty, purity, and breed exceptionalnessâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;that whole legend that we have something extraordinary, worthy of kingsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;is ridiculed in an instant and turns into a grotesque show, a joke. I do not know whether ANCCE had anything to do with this, if it did, it rates very poorly in this type of event, which is shameful for the breeders and for the Association as well as being an insult to the horses and professionals handling them. No doubt ANCCE can do something to avoid such things, as it is absolutely certain that they do not benefit anybody, not even the winners. RaĂşl GonzĂĄlez

Dialogue brings us closer to one another and enriches us. Experiences, stories, consultations, and opinions from all who support the Purebred Spanish Horse are good for us and are interesting to everyone. The magazine â&#x20AC;&#x153;El Caballo EspaĂąolâ&#x20AC;? trusts that this section, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Letters to the Editorâ&#x20AC;?, will be an interesting and useful means of communication with its readers. The letters to this section must be signed, with name, surname(s), ID and telephone number, and must not exceed 350 words. Send your letters for publication to: t 1PTUBM BEESFTT 3FWJTUB i&M $BCBMMP &TQBĂ&#x2014;PMw "/$$& $PSUJKP EF $VBSUP 7JFKP #FMMBWJTUB o 4FWJMMB 4QBJO &TQBĂ&#x2014;B

t 0S CZ F NBJM UP SFWJTUB!BODDF DPN

122

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

THE FORUM

WORKSHOP ON OCD IN PUREBRED SPANISH HORSES AND ITS REPERCUSSION IN THE TRIBUNALS FOR QUALIFIED BREEDING STOCK

Olga Tarragona

For many months, ANCCE, as organizers of the Purebred Spanish Horse Tribunals for Qualified Breeding Stock, as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture, is concerned about veterinary and radiological tests that affect the horses whose owners wish to present them at the TQBs.

The object of this workshop, of a private nature, was to bring together the best specialists in equine radiology to debate OCD related topics and current legislation. The Ministry of Agriculture General Livestock Office has been informed of their conclusions, in case these can be incorporated into the TQB-related measure for this year, 2007.

ANCCE’s long standing claim is for there to be a strict and standardized protocol for the radiological tests, especially now that there is a lot at risk for the sector ranging from the price of the horses up to and including the international credibility of the breed itself.

More than sixty Spanish radiologists attended this workshop in response to ANCCE’s call to participate. Likewise, a number of representatives from various Schools of Veterinary Science and Spanish Associations of Specialist Equine Veterinarians also attended the workshop. To better understand what was discussed at the workshop, it is perhaps best to go over what has occurred since the publication of Royal Decree 1133/2002, up until today.

Legislation APA 3319/2002 dated December 23, (art. 4, section 5, heading 1, letter C), describes the veterinary examinations that must be passed and the reproductive characteristics that must be observed in horses to be presented at a TQB. The law states that “animals must pass a veterinary examination that rules out serious transferable hereditary defects, whether these be general, or with regards to the limbs, by means of a radiological study, carried out on the tarsus (hock), and joints of the fetlocks and hooves, which rules out osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis and exostosis in any of its forms”.

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

123

In the last paragraph, specific instructions state that “These tests must be performed by a qualified veterinarian…….” From the very beginning, literal compliance of the law could not be fulfilled since the specialists in genetics and radiology agreed that, both osteoarthritis and exostosis are not of a hereditary features. Experience has shown that in these 4 years, many stallions and mares have undergone this radiological study, more than 1,500 (theoretically 15,000 x-rays), and regrettably, even today there are still serious doubts about the system used. There is no database to help better understand the incidence of the pathology in PRE horses, and the possible measures that could be adopted for its prevention. On many occasions, ANCCE has asked that the Ministry establish a clear and transparent procedure protocol that would provide all breeders the same rights and obligations. On October 24 of 2004, the General Livestock Office published a series of recommendations on what should be included in these radiological studies, in agreement with a Technical Consultant, which, in our opinion, has failed to establish a methodology for the validation of the studies. This concern was the guiding hand when ANCCE brought together the true specialists so that they could make any recommendations deemed necessary for a greater and better effectiveness of the measures. Having seen the results of these first years and the problems generated by the current system, the points can be outlined: - Diagnostic errors. - Studies of osteoarthritis and exostosis have been excluded due to technical scientific criteria. - Legislation states that the studies must be carried out by a qualified veterinarian. Obviously, as with all professions, specializations exist within veterinary science, (a dentist does not perform pathological cytology, nor does a GP perform colectomies). In this case, a specialist in radiology has not always been the person charged with carrying out these tests. - The radiological study of the hoof has been abolished (as established in Legislation APA); it has been substituted by that of the stifle, also following the criteria of the specialists in this area. - As has already been mentioned, we are lacking a database from which information and conclusions

can be extracted, with regards to the understanding of the incidence of the diseases under study. - Any symptom of OCD has been accepted as a reason for excluding a horse from a TQB, with no scientific information to determine which symptoms are considered to have a greater genetic incidence. ANCCE wanted to know the opinion of the most wellknown equine radiologists, and turn the results over to the Ministry of Agriculture for further study. The workshop ended with a series of scientific conclusions being reached, which ANCCE, due to its lack of knowledge on the subject, cannot even begin to evaluate. However, being present in the workshop in Cordoba enables us to provide a series of working conclusions that can now be made available to all the members: - The best specialists of equine radiology in Spain met in Cordoba. - There was a unanimous agreement about the flaws in the current system, which requires major changes for credibility. - It was agreed that the following aspects would be presented to the Ministry of Agriculture: o To implement an international system that is applicable to every country where Purebred Spanish Horse TQBs may be organized. o For technical reasons, only digital radiology will be accepted, due to its maximum precision, its ease of reading and because it avoids, to a great extent, diagnostic errors. o To create a Center of Reading and Validation to which all Qualified Veterinarians send their studies for a final decision on the existence or not of OCD. o In the event of doubt or controversy, a Committee of Experts will be appointed to provide a final and definitive resolution. This Committee must be made up of the only three veterinarians in Spain who hold veterinary qualifications both from the European Community and the USA. o Only the microchip number will be used as identification on the radiological studies sent to the Center of Reading. o The Reading Commission will be backed by University of Cordoba Veterinary Hospital certification. o Ten x-rays were found to be an ideal number, at least in the opinion of the technicians present at the workshop. o The specialists will present in their conclusions about the locations where OCD in the PRE will be studied, with the degree of severity of each type, to serve as guideline for any exclusions.

Jaime Molina

124

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

Manuel Vasco

JosĂŠ Manuel Lucena

FUNCTIONALITY TESTS (PART I) You cannot help recognizing that today, almost all PRE stallions are ridden, some with more and some with less success, some in a more and some in a less correct manner and some with a more and some a less adequate training, but they are ridden. That is something which, not all that long ago, was unthinkable. It must be recognized that, although other factors have also influenced this fact, the necessity of performing a Functionality Test in conformation competitions has been the detonator for breeders to not leave these stallions in their stables awaiting a purchaser. You cannot help noticing that, although other factors have enter into it, this type of test something has had somewhat of an influence in the selection of stallions and, as a consequence, we see better, more functional horses daily. It must therefore be recognized that the inclusion of the Functionality test in the Conformational Competitions

has been a success. It has almost caused a revolution in the terms of how PREs are bred and handled. It has left us extremely positive consequences which we must take advantage of. However, the years have gone by and what was useful and beneficial in the pas, may no longer so and we must contemplate, not the elimination of something that is really positive, but, its transformation, its adaptation to the times, to the real necessities of the breeders and to market demands. This is not my job, but that of a Commission of Experts, who should carry out an in-depth study and propose a technically correct system that is able to thoroughly evaluate the functional capacities of the stallions, and specify them. This could then serve to direct each horse towards the competitive discipline for which he is most suited. Nowadays, it is hard to understand the horse without competition, although this need

not necessarily be elite or top competition. What I can do, using my humble experience of many years as a rider of PRE horses and, therefore as a participant in the Functionality Tests, is to offer a professional point of view about what is currently taking place and upon which breeders could then meditate. The first thing that I would like to highlight is the visible tendency towards an immobility of the placings; that is to say, to score the functionality test in such a way that it has no effect on the placings previously established in the conformational test. I then ask myself: Why we bother with it all? Would it not be more logical, easier, cheaper and more ethical, to eliminate from the competitions a test that will not really have any influence on the final result? I miss the days when everyone would await the results of the functionality test, because a horse could rise or

July - August 2007 / El Caballo EspaĂąol

125

Cayita Martin riding Jacobeo

fall several places, sometimes seven or eight, depending on what it did when ridden. Although it only accounted for twenty-five percent of the final score, it was emotional and fair. It is certainly true that judges can make mistakes; everyone can make a mistake; I do as well. However, as a friend of mine said: “we cannot sit down to judge if we are already mistaken.” To sit down to judge with an unmoveable bias is a mistake that I suppose must benefit somebody, but certainly not most breeders, or those who have taken the care to ride their horses correctly, or the horse himself, as an essential part of his being is directly removed. The objective

of this test is to “clearly” establish a listing of the horses according to their functional capacities; another thing and another discussion, which will be looked at when relevant, is with which criteria this should be followed. Nevertheless, what is clear is that every horse is not same and that there should be a clear difference between the good, the bad and the mediocre. Is it really in the interests of those breeders who are concerned with producing a functional horse—and they do exist—and who invest a great deal of money on facilities and qualified riders so that their horses are well ridden and trained—they too exist— in such situations?

Many people accuse the Judges of lacking the necessary training to judge this type of test and being frightened making a mistake. They prefer to leave the horses where they are; perhaps they are right, but if this is the case, it is equally immoral, and deliberately benefits or harms some horses. If this were the case, how can the breeders allow someone that they themselves are paying, to play with their money, their hopes and their work? In whose hands is the breed, in the hands of breeders or the judges? To be continued

José A. Fdez. Lineros

126

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

DRIVING

JosĂŠ Antonio FernĂĄndez-Lineros, well-known dressage rider and splendid editor of this magazine, has asked me for some thoughts about training for driving. I have to begin by saying that training (or dressage) is very similar in all equestrian disciplines, above all at the lower and medium levels. In driving, you must bear in mind that the rider-driver is not on the back of the horse, but on the boxseat. This, which appears to be an enormous difference, is not so much if you remember that the lack of weight on the back is compensated, although to a smaller degree, by the weight of the carriage and the position of the horse between the shafts or traces and the pole strap. Just as with dressage, there are several principles to be followed. One is straightness and another cadence in all the paces. Equally, it is very important that the halt and move off in walk are carried out with impulsion, without tugging, and in the hand. f a single horse is able to maintain the halt with the four feet square and with a contact with the hand and then moves forward in walk, in a straight line and keeping the contact, a major part of its training has already been achieved. It is very common to see driven horses moving off from halt giving a tug. This only leads to the horses planting their four feet and refusing to pull if, in the future, the ground is heavy.

D. Pedro Mata driving horses from Yeguada Lovera

The same way that a dressage rider begins by teaching his/her horse to walk with a stretched neck, seeking for support from the hand as far forward as possible, so that its back stretches and the horse pushes with its hind legs; in driving, you must strive for the same thing. In my opinion, before putting hitching a horse to a carriage, and assuming that this is physically possible, the horse should be ridden and taught to halt, to sustained itself and to move off correctly in walk. Then the same thing should be done on long reins and lastly in a single carriage. It is fundamental that the horse is capable of going up and down gentle slopes at walk, without rushing while maintaining a good contact in the hand. Equally important is that the horse be able to lengthen and shorten its stride without falling be-

M. Vasco

hind the hand and seeking to rein back or halt. The work in walk with impulsion and in the hand, including frequent halts and half-halts, is the basis of a good driving dressage. You must not be in a hurry to trot or put the horse in a pair (if there is no safe place to break the horse to a single carriage, this can be done in a pair with a nanny horse, but following the same principles). Once the horse can walk in the carriage, go up and down moderate slopes lengthening its neck standing square and maintaining immobility at halt, you can then say that you have overcome 50% of the basic training. In other articles, if readers are interested, these basic principles of dressage for driving can be expanded. I hope will be of use to you.

Miguel de Rojas Maestre

July - August 2007 / El Caballo EspaĂąol

127

THE OPINION OF A PRE BREEDER

Tapado IV, sire stallion from Yeguada Ginés Parra

Imagines for just moment (for only a moment), that four friends, in love with the universe, decide to create the “National Association of Spanish Astronauts”, and that the only requirement to be a member is to have a helmet. Those who would join, apart from many bikers, would be all those who at some time or other had dreamt about being astronauts. If then we looked at the sky with a powerful telescope, we would see them colliding with each other, most without spaceships in which to return (a spaceship was not a prerequisite for membership). Nevertheless, they really would believe themselves to be the kings of the universe. The final result would be that almost all would end up crashing, and what is most serious, more than one would be dragged into that beautiful chaos that governs the stars. This coarse parody, in Spain, a country of daring and unrealistic dreamers, in a not too distant future, could become a reality, because something similar has already taken place in the Spanish Horse.

128

ANCCE

M. Vasco

Where is out sector heading? There are hundreds of thousands of horses strolling around Spain, with almost no selection, and in the vast majority of cases, with neither a specific course nor direction. What clients do we have? Clients are same breeders exchanging horses and procreating again, in which there are stud farms with no objectives and satisfied breeders (or astronauts) who believe the best, or more important, to be the one with the most stock. ANCCE is a serious association amid the chaos; some other associations are more interested in damaging rather than improving the PRE horse. Envy is a national pastime. After all is said and done, ANCCE is the envy of the sector—because it works. I will not get onto other subjects. I will limit myself to the horse. We now have the stud book, and with it, the breed is in our hands. We can improve it up to the limits that we ourselves impose. However, to do that, severe measures have to be adopted, and applied progressively. In certain regions of Morocco they eat the camels that are no longer useful, they are auctio-

www.ancce.com

ned for meat. I will not be so drastic in my suggestions; I would not like to eat a child of Evento. Nevertheless, and despite the various solutions sought for such problems in other places, here we need not go quite so far. It would be enough to castrate those stallions that are not suitable for breeding and avoid breeding low quality mares. We must limit the number of mares fulfilling the requirements as basic breeding stock; logically we cannot force anybody to do what we say with their horses. However, if only authorized horses were registered, there would be little sense in continuing to breed horses that in addition to not being good, do not have papers. We should authorize more foals per stallion, according to the level that he has achieved as breeding stock, in a progressive manner. Thus, the better ones would cover more and the worse would cover less. The overall number of horses would be reduced while at the same time increasing their quality. Our breeding would make sense: This selection, and probably the number of clients would increase when they saw that the quality of the PRE had improved considerably. This is the starting point; the reduction in the number of horses and doing so in relation to their quality, less bad horses and more good horses. We have to get this mess organized. The truth is that the trees hinder our seeing the forest. There is no waiting—the stud book is now our responsibility—for the government to fix what it has not been able to sort out in all this time. At Cria Caballar, they continue to breed with stallions that are not suitable, but are not contrasted. What can we expect from other associations, from FENACE, for example, which does not agree with us running the stud book? Or the UCCE (Spanish Horse Breeders’ Union) of which are four, like the astronauts. Only ANCCE can continue to improve the PRE. With regards to coat color, I give that question the same importance as if I were asked whether I like the tanga or the bikini. Both, if whatever they cover is good. The market in coat colors has no medium-term future. The Apache, when they wanted to celebrate, rather than painting their horses, they painted themselves. I do not like the fact that commercially, a horse is overvalued for its color. How long will this last? Three or four years? And then what? Back to the

starting box? Commercial politics, based on color, say very little in our favor. I will give an example of breeding with success and good management: The Hanoverian horse. There is a permanent team of sixty dedicated professionals who manage the stud book, in addition to organizing the breeding patterns, selection, marketing and training of this breed that has won so many victories and is of such high quality. This breed has some 19,000 registered mares for only 460 stallions; the stallions therefore account for only 2.4% of the population. With the PRE, the proportion is about 50%. When an auction of Youngstock is prepared, scarcely 8% are selected. In other words, of the 2,000 youngsters produced by qualified sires and dams wanting to be auctioned, only 170 are accepted. The average sales price is about 7,000 Euros. That is the price that some people pay here to cover with a bay stallion, which later is of no use. What do all the parameters mean to the buyer? Guarantee. For us, it is a matter of anything goes. The SICAB auction is a clear example of inefficiency. There are no clients; it does not produce sufficient interest. Miguel Ángel Cárdenas earns more money in their auction on the Monday, taking advantage of the synergy from SICAB, than all of us put together. I think that this is perfect. I love their horses, in fact I have some, but it is clear that our auction does not work, and it also leaves us looking bad within the sector. We must identify the genetic bases of the PRE to be able to select and to develop only the positive traits. Quality is the bases for progress. In conclusion, we are faced with the future of the PRE breed. We can make it good and profitable. This is our right and our obligation. ANCCE must be clear, concise and demanding. We must be especially vigilant of the intrusion of external circumstances by means of which the maneuvering capacity of the association could founder. I am referring to the fact that the control of the PRE should only be carried out, managed and processed in Spain, as well as the evaluations—only in Spain—I do not trust the evaluation of horses in other countries even though these are carried out by our own personnel. And with an eye to massive entrances, I cannot imagine the ANCCE offices being in Costa Rica nor SICAB in Las Vegas, not to mention Teruel.

Gines Parra - Yeguada Gines Parra

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

129

ASK THE EXPERT

Purebred Spanish Horses for showjumping Everybody tells me that if I want to jump, I should buy a European horse, but I love Purebred Spanish Horses. Although I have ridden them often, I have never jumped with one and would really like to know if Purebred Spanish Horses truly have the capacity for this discipline. Today, it is obvious that the top competition horses are specialists and that there are breeds that have become specialized in jumping through breed selection with specific athletic capacities. However, this is not what I am referring to; I am referring to affordable competition for normal riders who ride every day for enjoyment and may want to compete, even though we know that we will never be on the Olympic Team. Should I purchase a Purebred Spanish Horse for show-jumping with the conviction that I will not waste time and money? Rosa Flores

JUMPING Luis Espinosa López Rider and Show Jumping Trainer

It is a shame that up to now, the discipline of show jumping has not taken into account the PRE. There are various factors that make them special for teaching and competing during the early years of a rider’s training. Having trained for and competed at SICAB with the PRE in show jumping for more than four years, I can assure you that the Purebred Spanish Horse is extremely useful when training riders, and it is something which has not been fully taken advantage of. This is mainly due to three characteristics: - Honesty: a very important characteristic for novice riders, as it aids in their learning. - Gentleness: this makes them ideal to make the rider feel safe, confident and calm when they are first starting in this discipline. - Heart: in other words, the will and enthusiasm that makes it even easier for the rider to concentrate almost exclusively on their learning and to forget about the horse. Equally, I can say that the PRE is a useful horse in the early stages of competing as, in addition to what I have already explained, it is a horse with a pure jumping technique and a comfortable and not-very-long striding canter. This makes the approach to the jump much easier, which is very important in the early stages of learning. If to all this I add that the PRE is a horse that it is easy to work with (at a basic level), you can see that it is a horse that does not require the dedication of too much time, making it an ideal horse for all those who want to take part in this discipline for pleasure or recreation rather than as a demanding sport needing a great deal of time and preparation.

130

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

DRESSAGE

BETWEEN CHAMBRY AND PODHAJSKY In dressage, when confronted with the unavoidable but pleasant exercise of asking the horse to strike off into canter, you are faced with something that on many occasions does not necessitate excessive work to make the horse understand. At other times, things become excessively complicated because the horse refuses to strike off on one leg or the other at the required moment. This can happen at any time during the horse’s training: at the beginning, during the initial phase of establishing the three paces, or later when you begin to request strike-offs from the trot, walk or from the canter itself (changes of leg). Due to this problem, during one of those moments of reflection that riders always have while on the ground, you rack your brains to work out what you are doing wrong or right; pride and honor make you search for solutions wherever possible. During such times, it becomes increasingly commonplace to seek help from the specialized literature by Grand Masters. This is where foncusion can begin. Taking as a reference two great contemporary Masters, Chambry and Podhajsky, two very different methods can be found: Chambry proposes a series of procedures that range from the leg and rein aids on the outside to the leg and rein aids on the inside, passing by way of the diagonal leg aids of the rider’s outside leg and inside opposite rein. This is combined with the fact that, if asking for the exercise from a walk, the action of the rider’s leg must be before the action of the hand. If the strike-off is asked for from a trot, it is the action of the rider’s hand that must precede that of the leg. No matter which procedure is used, the rider must never forget to place his or her weight on the outside. Podhajsky, however, suggests a very simple method: the rider must slide the outside leg back and use the action of his or her inside leg for propulsion, moving a little forward just before using it and putting more weight onto the inside seat-bone. Having read all this, it is only logical that an even greater number of questions come to mind. Everyone knows that the most important point is for the horse to understand its rider; this begins with not confusing the horse! Therefore, with so many possible alternatives, what should you do? Once a path has been chosen, is it advisable to change? If the resistance persists should change work methods once again? Signed: José Carlos Laguna Gómez-Álvarez

José A. Fdez. Lineros Rider, Trainer and Dressage Judge

Aids are the language used in communicating with a horse and, depending on what and how we want to tell it something, one, two, or several languages can be used simultaneously. These aids are universal, as they have been established by riders; it is if we all decided to utilize only one language—let’s say Spanish— which would solve the initial communication problem. However, while the words themselves may mean the same thing to everyone, the true problem lies in linking up these words to be able to say what is intended and not something else. Another difficulty lies in using words in such a way that the message becomes incoherent or meaningless and nobody understands what is spoken, even if the words are in Spanish. Automatic, computer generated translations could serve as an example of this later difficulty. One person may suggest combining the words in one way and another person in a different way to say the same thing. But, would we really be saying the same, even if we used the very same words, in every context or situation? This is unlikely, as every moment on horseback is different, therefore making it necessary to adapt a language to each situation so that it is understood. It is impossible to explain each and every individual circumstance at any one time and how to handle it in a book so that it would serve for all horses and riders. The objective of schooling is to achieve a balance through distributing, in a different way, the total weight of the whole (which includes the horse and rider). To reach this is a question of working method and not a question of how to apply aids. The aids are the tools that the rider on the horse uses to make it perform the corresponding task. To know which tools should be used at any given moment depends on the technical capacity of the individual, as does applying them correctly. The experience of millions of riders over more than twenty centuries has left us with the knowledge of the effect on the horse of a rein or leg applied in such and such a manner. However, would it produce the same effect if, at the same time, we applied the other leg or other rein in a different way? What if, in addition, we were to move on top of the horse? Would the effect be the same if the aid were applied to a different degree? Further, if the rider is big and heavy, is it the same as when the rider is small and thin? Will the horse’s size, strength, temperament, and type of movement also influence the result? We could continue for a great deal of time enumerating factors that have a decisive influence on the effect produced by the specific action of a rider on their horse, and as all are interrelated, it would be impossible to isolate them. This is why riding must be explained in conceptual rather than mechanical terms.

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

131

Any response from a horse is the product of an enormous quantity of stimuli from its rider, the surrounding environment and from the horse itself which are impossible to control completely except by chance or momentary luck. The best rider is one who is able to control the greatest quantity of these stimuli and to coordinate, with the greatest precision, those that he or she produces while interfering as little as possible in their application so as to avoid masking them and reducing their quality, which could possibly result in an undesired effect. If someone is riding a horse for the first time and is told to do what Chambry or Podhjasky say, would the horse strike off in canter? I am sure that it wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t, unless by chance or the luck mentioned earlier. And, if this person had time to memorize the essays on riding of these great men by heart and later rode the horse again, would he/ she be able to get the horse to canter? No. However, if the same horse were to be ridden by an experienced rider, even though this experience is not

academic (that is to say, even though nobody has ever told him/her how they should do these things), they will, no doubt, have the ability get the horse to canter without difficulty and will probably not have used the either Chambry or Podhjasky method. Instead, they will have used their own language to get the horse to do what is wanted, because experience has made him/her able to control at least a part of those stimuli that hinders or incites the horse to canter. Moreover, if that person were educated as were these two great horsemen, he/she could write a book explaining t h e method u s e d and we would return to the very

beginning. If a rider with no experience rides a horse and does what it says in the book, will he/ she be able to get the horse to the canter? Noâ&#x20AC;Ś If what these two great teachers have given us is understood as a guide or working method to be adapted to individual circumstances, they are probably both right and positive results will be produced. However, if we only seek to apply their instructions mechanically, failure will result in both cases. Nevertheless, when riding, I always prefer to elect the simplest choice, which is usually also, unfortunately, the most difficult. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not forget that, for somebody on a horse, the most difficult thing is to do nothing at all.

Rafael Ortiz with Gnidium

Lemos

132

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

Horse Measurements Sometimes we find ourselves in the middle of conversations with breeders and enthusiasts who use terms such as: Â&#x2021; &KHVW KHLJKW Â&#x2021; +HLJKW RI WKH VXE VWHUQDO space Â&#x2021; 6FDSXOD LVTXLDO OHQJWK Â&#x2021; &KHVW ZLGWK Â&#x2021; 3HULPHWHU RI WKH WKRUD[ Â&#x2021; 3HULPHWHU RI WKH NQHHV Â&#x2021; 3HULPHWHU RI WKH FDQQRQ ERQH (Bone measurement) Â&#x2021; +HLJKW DW WKH ZLWKHUV During those discussions, it is not at all uncommon to have the sensation that despite using the same expressions, we are not talking about exactly the same thing. For this reason, I would be very grateful if you could, in a concise way, explain the meaning of each of these concepts as well as how to take these measurements and the most appropriate tools to do so. In some cases, such as height at the withers, the measurement can vary according to the instrument with which it is taken. Marta GarcĂa FernĂĄndez

ZOOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS Rafael Ortiz AlcalĂĄ Zamora Veterinarian, Conformational Competition Judge and Dressage Rider

When referring to the study of external characteristics, the outside of the horse, it is zoometrics within zootechnology that is in charge of the complete or partial (regional) measurement of the animal, which must be used to establish certain indexes. To obtain the lineal measures (height, width, and length), a metric tape and a zoometric cane are the standard measuring. A metric tape presents for on one side the decimal metric system and, on the other, that of the Castilian bar, divided into â&#x20AC;&#x153;cuartasâ&#x20AC;? (meaning fourths) and â&#x20AC;&#x153;dedosâ&#x20AC;? (meaning fingers. A â&#x20AC;&#x153;cuartaâ&#x20AC;? is equal to 21 cm (9.5 inches) while a â&#x20AC;&#x153;dedoâ&#x20AC;? measures 17mm (0.5 inch). This type of tape has a mark at 7 â&#x20AC;&#x153;cuartas,â&#x20AC;? which coincides with 1.47m (just under 14.2hh), and which was the minimum height required in the acqui-

sition of three year-old colts for the Military Cavalry. This is the reason behind such sayings as â&#x20AC;&#x153;this colt still has to grow a couple of fingersâ&#x20AC;? or â&#x20AC;&#x153;this horse is eight fingers at the withersâ&#x20AC;?. The cane consists of a rod, marked in centimeters with some bars attached to it, so that a 90Âş angle can be formed, thus facilitating the measurement on uneven ground. In the world of horses, it is a cane that is used for lineal measurements while the metric tape is used to find out the perimeter of the thorax, the knee and the cannon bone. PRE horses could be subjected to an evaluation of its zoometrical measurements on at least two occasions: Â&#x2021; 7KH ILUVW ZKHQ LW LV SUHVHQWHG DW the Test for Basic Breeding Stock, Labradora LXIII fromYeguada Can May Nou

July - August 2007 / El Caballo EspaĂąol

133

highest part of this and the pad of the hoof next to the heel. Nowadays, only the cane is used, because with the metric tape the measure of the height varies according to the muscular mass and the amount of flesh covering the horse at the time of the measurement. The minimum height at the withers, measured with the cane, for a horse to be registered as breeding stock, or to pass the Basic Evaluation is 1.52m (just under 15hh) for stallions and 1.50m (just over 14.3hh) for mares. For those horses presented at a TQB, the minimum height at the withers, measured with a cane is 1.55m (just over 15.1hh) for stallions and 1.53 (just over 15hh) for mares.

Scapula-ischial length: This is determined by the distance between the foremost point that can be found (joint formed by the scapula and the humerus) and the ischial tuberosity or rearmost point of the buttocks. This measurement is a longitudinal measure which is taken with the cane. Depending on these two parameters, height and scapulaâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;ischial length, you can determine whether a horse is short-backed (height greater than length), medium-backed (height and length equal) or long-backed (height less than length).

Chest height (Depth of girth): This is the distance between the highest point of the withers and the lowest point of the thorax coinciding with the region of the girth.

MadroĂąero XII from Jose Oriol Govantes

to be registered in the Purebred Spanish stud book as breeding stock. Â&#x2021; 7KH VHFRQG LV ZKHQ DW WKH UHTXHVW RI WKH EUHHGHU the horse is presented at a Tribunal for Qualified Breeding stock to surpass a further hurdle within the Selection Scheme and can, therefore, continue to be awarded the distinguishing characteristic of Qualified Breeding Stock. On both occasions the zoometrical measures that are performed on the horse are as follows:

Height at the withers: The height at the withers represents the height of the animal and corresponds to the distance that exists between the highest part at the withers and the floor. This highest part of the withers is easily felt because anatomically, it consists of the spinous processes of the first thoracic vertebrae.

Height of the sub-sternal space: This is represented by the length between the lowest point of the thoracic cavity or point of maximum bend of the breastbone and the floor. As can be deduced, the sum of the chest height and height of the substernal space should equal the height at the withers. In theory, there must be proportion between the chest height and the height of the sub-sternal space. When this proportion changes to favor the chest height, the horse is considered to be â&#x20AC;&#x153;close to the groundâ&#x20AC;?. If, on the contrary, the proportion favors the height of the substernal space, the horse is said to be leggy, â&#x20AC;&#x153;up in the airâ&#x20AC;?, â&#x20AC;&#x153;showing too much daylightâ&#x20AC;? or â&#x20AC;&#x153;off the groundâ&#x20AC;?.

Chest width: This is determined by the lineal measurement that is carried out between the most laterally extended part on each side of the horse, at the height of the point of shoulder.

Previously, a metric tape was also used to measure the height at the withers and the reference marks were the

134

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

On occasion, the chest width is directly related to problems in the alignment of the forelimbs and as a consequence, to problems in movement. Horses with an excessively wide chest tend to have bowlegs in the forelimbs and dishing in movement. The opposite is when horses have a narrow chest and therefore tends to toe out.

Perimeter of the thorax (heart girth): This measurement is the longest around the barrel or thorax. It is measured with the metric tape totally encircling the thorax, by way of the girth, running from the lowest part of the withers, over the ribs, the girth area, to return to the point of origin. A greater thoracic perimeter/heart girth measurement is desirable in mares, due to their breeding aptitude. A greater thoracic area is therefore a sign of beauty.

Perimeter of the knee: When speaking of external conformation, of the exterior of the horse and when using the term knee, you are actually referring to the carpal joint and not to the stifle joint or the femur-tibia joint.

Extraction from the epididymis Hello to all: I have been told by experts in breeding that when a good sire dies, if you make an emergency call to an expert veterinarian, the testicles can be rapidly extracted from the stallion and 50 straws of the best quality semen can be extracted and frozen. This way, you can continue breeding progeny from this stallion and the loss suffered is reduced. This is for all those who love their horses. Best wished José Luis Jop Costa Rica

This measurement is taken by encircling the carpal joint with the metric tape at its widest point.

Perimeter of the cannon bone (Bone measurement): This is obtained by encircling the lower third of the cannon bone with the metric tape. A sign of beauty is that the horse give you the sensation of solidity, of robustness and therefore that “they have bone”, but that they maintain their fine skin and giving the perception of quality. Years ago it was required that the minimum perimeter of the cannon bone should be 20cm for stallions and 19cm for mares. -----------------------------------------------------All these measurements are merely statistical in nature, with the exception of the height, which can also acts to disqualify a horse. Those horses that do not reach the minimum height of 1.52m (just under 15hh) for stallions and 1.50m (just over 14.3hh) for mares will not be able to be registered as breeding stock. Additionally, those that do not exceed the height of 1.55m (just over 15.1hh) for stallions and 1.53m (just over 15hh) for mares, will not be eligible as Qualified Breeding stock.

VETERINARIAN Consuelo Serres Dalmau Veterinarian, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Science, Complutense University in Madrid

Yes indeed, as Mr. José Luís Jop says, when a stallion dies, from the epididymis of each testicle enough sperm can be retrieved to prepare between 5 and 10 doses of semen (40-80 straws). It must be clarified that the quality of those sperm will vary depending on the conditions in which the stallion died. The endotoxins produced in colic and other diseases that can cause death in horses can affect the viability of the sperm. Another thing that can greatly affect the sperm is whether drugs have been used for his sacrifice, as well as the time lapse between the death of the stallion and the preparation of the doses of semen. In my opinion, washing out the epididymis is a technique that is not well known, but one that in some cases can help to lengthen a little the reproductive life of a good stallion.

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

135

PROFILES

Tribute to Centenaria at SICAB ’99

136

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

Lemos

JOAQUÍN OLIVERA TIMES A CHAMPION

By José A. Fdez. Lineros

“Really, the PRE is perhaps the one that most resembles this prototype of a horse from all the purebreds.”

was in ‘86 or ’87—I can’t remember exactly—when I first entered a Doma Vaquera competition. I wasn’t nervous because I was full of the arrogance and conceit that only the ignorant in their bliss can possess. The horse slipped and skidded all over the place in the arena, and of the thirty or so participants, I finished last. One of the judges was Joaquín Olivera. I approached him when the competition finished, not with the idea of questioning him about my bad score, but with the subconscious intention of apologizing for my ridiculously awful display. Although I didn’t know him personally, Joaquín listened to me, came down to my level and said: “Don’t worry; I have also had a bad time in the arena many times.” By then, he had already been Champion of Spain several times. Humility and respect are characteristics that adorn great champions.

vening was falling as we filed along the lane between the olive trees that led to the meadow peppered with enormous holm oaks. When I got out of the car to open the gate, I remembered Joaquín’s words: “Close it again, the mares are loose, don’t let them escape.” I could see the silhouettes of the mares grazing on the reddish

horizon; not many, but the precise number to bring to life the dream of all riders, to find “the horse.” Flashy by nature, with a spirit that was cheerful but not high strung, serious but not boring, brave without “recklessness” and with just enough fear in him to make him avoid at the last moment the danger of being gored. His character was kind, but not silly; and if he had any fault, it was that he was gentle.

wisdom that he has demonstrated in competition arenas for almost thirty years, during which he has rushed neither professionally nor commercially, can make us

dream, b u t

sometimes, dreams are so close at hand that we don’t see them and continue dreaming, choosing the longest road to nowhere. Only the foresight of a man like Joaquín, with a

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

137

realize what we have and what we waste or undervalue: “Really, the PRE is perhaps the one that most resembles this prototype of a horse from all the purebreds.”

Lemos

e crossed the paved courtyard to

came. That very same place had been where the Peralta brothers had given the two fillies to his father. “It rained cats and dogs and we spurred them on across the country. We shut them in the corrals and my father quickly assigned

“I don’t understand it without classical equitation, Doma Vaquera must be supported by the concepts of equitation that we have been left by the Great Masters.” the stables, which were simple but impeccable, built simply by someone who knows that truth cannot be found in complexity of form, but in depth. Calm and order reigned; everything in its place, where it should be, as fits his character, which has been formed on while horseback, where discipline and control acquire such extraordinary importance that, without them, the route to training is tortuous and inevitably leads to frustration and failure. These stables have housed Centenaria, Golondrina, Mandanga, Mississippi and Turronera, mythical horses who have each bestowed upon their rider a record that will be difficult to equal, that of being NINE TIMES CHAMPION OF SPAIN, in Doma Vaquera.

he chat was unhurried, leisurely; in perfect harmony with the peaceful darkening of the spring night which, like all springs in that part of the world, smelled of traditions and countryside horses. Memories and anecdotes began to emerge and Joaquín narrated them as they

138

ANCCE

each her destiny: the three-year-old was to be broodmare and the twoyear-old broken in.” This had been Centenaria, and Joaquín could not have imagined what glory he would achieve with that PRE filly with the mane and tail splattered with mud, nervous and easily frightened. The first steps were not easy, she would not accept the stirrups banging on her belly and it was necessary to cover them with some rags. “At the start,” explained Olivera, “I couldn’t press with my legs; she was very sour, very rough, but I didn’t really care. I was a young rider and I took her everywhere, to ribbon races,* out chasing hares. I went to El Rocío and the Fair. In short, a horse at that time was trained to have the ability to do it all... and I believe that that was what made her so skilled.” Luís Ramos-Paúl, Pepe Domínguez, Rafael Jurado, Cayetano Tirado...These were the top riders at that time, those that would instill in the young Joaquín a knowledge that he would later, day after day, hour after hour,

www.ancce.com

Lemos

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Espa単ol

139

“Horses cannot be slaves, they must be friends, colleagues....”

140

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

mature and recompose in his ”... you have to know the traditions, ambition to get to the bottom things in the constant own style while in the solitude the work on the farm, but we cannot of search for knowledge, who of this countryside (which do without of technique.” have dignified it. “You have to was by then darkening) know the traditions, the work until Centenaria became on the farm, but we cannot the best in the competition do without technique.” arenas. THREE SPANISH CHAMPIONSHIPS in a row, f instead of having been and one more that he would born in Coria del Rio have won were it not for some and the following day, taking but rather in any major interesting circumstances: “The advantage of the fact that he was European city, he would probably scores were given by megaphone studying agricultural engineering at still be riding horses today; and I before the competition finished, the Cortijo del Cuarto, where Rafael am certain that he would be in Golondrina had already wiped had and still has his stables, he went competition. However, in that case, the board with her score and the it would be dressage competitions to talk to him and was astonished only one that could beat her was and, I have no doubt he would still by what he heard. “Then, in flying Centenaria. When it was my turn to have been a Champion. I cannot changes, the horse has to change enter with her, it started to rain and, imagine him doing anything other behind, as well? Well, how should due to my youth and the happiness than riding a horse. I know that? And how can I fix of already feeling like a Champion, that?” To this, Rafael responded I didn’t do half of the things. I began very seriously: “At this level, it is now to do pirouettes...and Golondrina t is not really known whether his impossible.” He thought about that won.” character was formed doing remark during the entire journey oaquín spoke calmly and Doma Vaquera or whether it was home, anxious to ride the mare as articulately in that country style, his character that enabled him soon as possible. Some time passed, neither hurrying nor pausing. to train his horses in this discipline, after which Centenaria once again In his voice, I could hear the deep which is so extremely difficult that performed a series of flying changes affection and admiration that he only the rider really understands. at the following competition - but felt for his horses. He continued to Not the Judges, nor the aficionados; impeccably, changing both in front tell us how he had met another of not the theorists at meetings, nor and behind. Joaquín approached his champion horses, Mandanga. the occasional “artists”, or even Rafael and sarcastically remarked: At the end of her days, she was the riders who take part in other “Don’t you think that something has not in good condition, and so he disciplines, can be certain of the changed, Rafael?” sent his friend to buy her so that answer to this riddle. obody really knows whether she could return home to live out erene and logical intelligence, it was Doma Vaquera that her last moments in the tranquility firmness and discipline, these caught Joaquín, Joaquín that that she deserved. Mandanga died are essential qualities that caught Doma Vaquera, whether peacefully two years later. someone who wants to successfully they were just made for each other, n an ample farmhouse living room train a horse must possess. “Having or what, but that, in fact, doesn’t that was austere but welcoming, a work method is fundamental. You matter; what is truly important is we continued our conversation have to study. You have to take it that today we would not be able with a glass of wine in our hands, seriously and to perfect it; he who to understand this sport without engulfed by memories, trophies and believes he knows everything is Joaquín Olivera. “I don’t understand books on horsemanship. Joaquín mistaken. Like my father said: he it without classical equitation. Doma constantly arose and would bring who thinks he knows everything Vaquera must be supported by the us more photos, newspapers and about something, doesn’t even concepts of equitation that we have magazines cuttings, until the table know about that.” Honesty in work, been left by the Great Masters.” and sofa were covered with them. love without limits for horses and a This is his stamp, a kind of quality There was something echoed in respect for their nature (as “Horses benchmarking that has made him everything around us - in the house, cannot be slaves, they must be respected throughout the world. the stables, the countryside, in friends, colleagues.”), together with his way of riding. It was a certain the desire to improve himself and the While it was extremely late, I had neatness, just like in Centenaria’s humility that makes a Champion; in the sensation that we had not even work, which was “Uniform and Joaquín Olivera, these attributes begun to talk. So many things were without hesitation.” Centenaria must be multiplied by nine. still left: thirty years of anecdotes, always Centenaria - monopolized so many stories both in and out our conversation, and we laughed of the arena, so many concepts when he told us how he was learned from his mistakes due to disqualified during a competition not having had a teacher... For because he made a series of flying * Races which involve galloping as fast as Doma Vaquera, the only school is possible to catch a tape rolled up on the end of changes, but only in the front. The the countryside, and it has been a stick held in the rider’s hand. judge had been Rafael Jurado people like Joaquín, with a limitless

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

141

NUESTRO INVITADO DRIVING

M. Vasco

Carriage with postilion

the Driving Manual that I once had the audacity to write, I state, when classifying the various turnouts, that these are named, among other reasons, for the placing of the drivers. According to this classification, they can be called “Daumont” or “Federica.”

142

ANCCE

aumont consists of guiding the carriage while riding on the back of one of the horses that draw it, being known, according to the number of horses, as simply Daumont, Demi Daumont or Grand Daumont.

ederica is usually used for Royal Ceremonies. In Spain this can be seen nowadays in the streets of Madrid on the occasion of the presentation of credentials by foreign Ambassadors before H.M. King Juan Carlos I.

his method of guiding the turnout consists of the driver sitting on the box seat and having grooms on foot next to the nearside horse (on the left) of the pair and/or the nearside horse of the leaders. These servants are dressed in livery, short breeches fastened below the knee, white stockings and buckle shoes; they wear tricorn hats adorned with feathers over white wigs. In long turnouts, the nearside leader will also be ridden “postilion”.

www.ancce.com

Driving with a POSTILION By Luis Rivero

eturning to the title of this article, I believe it would be of interest to define the meaning of the word “postilion” and, to do that, the best thing is to go to the Dictionary, which says: One who rides as a guide on the near horse of one of the pairs attached to a coach or post chaise especially without a coachman. Therefore, you could deduce that the word derives from “post” or mail and, in fact, the Spanish coaches always carried a postilion on the nearside horse or mule of the two leaders. He would have been a very young man, who was known as “el Zagal” or “the Swain.”

he name by which this method of driving a carriage without a driver on the box seat is known today, comes from The Duke of D’Aumont, who started the practice in France, and the name, having been corrup-

ted, has lost the apostrophe, to become Daumont.

his French term seems to indicate that it was the invention of the Duke to whom it is attributed, but history indicates the contrary as there are more than enough testimonies to credit its use dating back to antiquity. There is no need to go back to the times of Alexander the Great or back to about 323 BC; in the 17th century, Spain, during the reign of Philip IV, differed from the other European countries in the way its carriages were guided. In Germany and France, only a “teamster” (postilion on the nearside horse of the pair) was used, while in Spain (and Britain) a “forward” was added, on the leader of those turnouts with four or six horses.

uring this period, turnouts started to be guided from the box seat, but in Spain

this fashion did not last long as a consequence of something curious that happened in the life of Mr. Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel, Count-Duke of Olivares; due to the incident, he became the topic of gossip in the Court. What happened was that he was traveling in his carriage accompanied by a friend; he told this friend a secret that the driver overheard and, on the following day, all of Madrid knew about it. The Count-Duke was furious and accused his companion, who was innocent and had behaved like a gentleman, of being indiscrete. Finally, the culprit was discovered and all the great gentlemen fired their drivers, leaving the box seats superfluous.

owadays turnouts with postilion are only used for major ceremonies for the few remaining European Royal Courts.

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

143

PRE-LEARNING

LEGAL-SANITARY ASPECTS WHEN EXPORTING EQUINE SEMEN By Alicia Picatoste Laso

Stallions at Yeguada Maipe

The

export of equine semen to other countries is subject to the compliance with a series of legal conditions, usually referred to as sanitary requirements, both by the Artificial Insemination Centers and by the donor stallions and the semen itself, once obtained. The whole process must be supervised by an Official Veterinary Service, whether a dependent of the Regional Government, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA), depending on the destination country and the responsibilities of each organization in the process. It is important to clarify two concepts that are frequently confused: exportation and trade among countries within the European Union.

Spain, as a Member State of the European Union, is subject to the legal mandates established by the EU, which, in most cases, applies the same conditions for all the Member States (MS). This is the case with equine semen; therefore, a series of requirements, which are the same for everyone, must be complied with for the authorization of the AI centers and the sales of semen within the EU. This greatly facilitates the entire procedure. Consequently, when you send equine semen to another country within the EUâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;for example France, Germany, or Italyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;it is not considered an export, but rather, intra-community trade. On the other hand, when the semen is sent to a third country, that is to say, to a country that does not belong

to the EU, it is considered an export, and the requirements are different for each destination country.

Intra-community trade The intra-community (EU) trade lies completely within the province of the Veterinary Services of the Regional Governments, who supervise the process from start to finish. The first prerequisite to be able to send semen to another MS is that the AI center where the semen is extracted be officially authorized for intracommunity trade. To obtain this authorization, the center must comply with all the established requirements as stated in Appendix D of Directive 92/65/CEE, amended by the Decision 95/176/CE.

It is important to clarify two concepts that are frequently confused: exportation and trade among countries within the European Union

144

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

Chapter one of this EU norm establishes the conditions for approval of semen collection centers, with regards to the facilities that they must have, and the conditions and controls. These include measures to avoid the entry of other animals and the risk of introducing an infection, or unauthorized people, records that must be kept, veterinary inspections, training of the personnel, premises and utensils for the collection, transformation and storage of the semen, etc. The requirements for the donor stallions for admission to the center are stated in chapter two. Here, the horse’s health status and holdings of origin are regulated, as well as the period during which natural mating cannot be performed, and the terms and frequency of the analytical tests they must undergo. These include testing for equine infectious anemia (Coggins Test), equine viral arteritis and contagious equine metritis (CEM).

destination may be, since the same regulations are applied throughout the entire European Union. It generally reflects the requirements demanded for AI centers, thus, there are usually no problems in issuing the certificate.

te specimen that endorses the export of the semen to that specific country, thus supporting this commercial operation, as there is a guarantee that that certificate has been officially accepted.

By no means does this mean that a breeder who wants to send semen from his/her stallions to another MS or a third country must have an approved center right on the stud farm. Rather, the stallion can be sent to an approved center, where the semen will be collected according to the established mandates.

To facilitate public access to this information, the certificates are published on the Internet, more specifically on the MAPA web-site: (www.mapa.es), in the livestock breeding section, the section for Livestock Foreign Trade, in the Cexgan database. You can also access the norms directly by going to: http://ie.mapa.es/cexgan. You will find a search engine both by countries as well as for animal products/ species using the link for “información de mercados” (market information). Note: the page is in Spanish only.

Exportation In the case of exportation to third countries, the procedure varies greatly, as the responsibilities lie with MAPA, and the health requirements differ from one country to another. You must understand that in these cases, MAPA does not establish the con-

MAPA does not establish the conditions for the exportation, nor does it establish the sanitary requirements, but rather it is the health authorities of the destination country who dictate a series of health and sanitary requirements, for which compliance is required for the semen to enter that country Lastly, Chapter III establishes the necessary requirements for the collection, transformation and conservation of the semen Once the Veterinary Services of the Regional Government have verified that the AI center complies with all mandates, it is assigned a registration or approval number. This information is forwarded to the MAPA General Directorate of Livestock, who, in turn, informs the European Commission, which has a listing of all AI centers approved for intra-community trade. Once the semen has been obtained and processed at one of these centers, the breeder must contact the Veterinary Service of his/her Regional Government, which after verifying that all the requirements are met, will issue a health certificate according to mandates established by legislation 95/307/CE. This certificate is the same whatever the Member State

ditions for the exportation, nor does it establish the health requirements, but rather it is the health authorities of the destination country who dictate a series of health requirements, for which compliance is required for the semen to enter that country. It is the Ministry of Agriculture role to negotiate the required conditions with each destination country, so that Spanish exporters can comply with these conditions, according to the animal health status of Spain. In other words, it is a question of somehow “modifying” the health requirements imposed by that country, guaranteeing others that are equivalent and ensuring the harmlessness of the semen for the livestock of that country. Once MAPA has reached a health and sanitary agreement with the Authorities of the destination country, it proceeds to edit a health certifica-

The application provides an information package so you can read about the conditions for exporting equine semen to a specific country and thus plan the whole procedure. With regards to the prerequisites of third (non-EU) countries, it is necessary to point out that the first requirement is that the AI center where the semen is obtained must always be one that is officially approved in the country of origin, which, in practice, means that it is approved for intra-community trade according to the Directive 92/65/ CEE as described above. In terms of specific diseases, it is impossible to give a standardized list, since each country, as has been said, establishes its own regulations. Nevertheless, the diagnostic tests that are usually required include contagious equine metritis, equine viral arteritis, equine infectious anemia, dourine, glanders, piroplasmosis and rhinopneumonitis. Another usual requirement is that the country of origin is free from diseases such as African horse sickness, equine encephalomyelitis (East, West and Venezuelan), dourine, glanders, vesicular stomatitis, horse pox or Japanese encephalitis, and that there have been no clinical cases of these, or other diseases such as rhinopneumonitis, influenza, salmonella, piroplasmosis, strangles or equine coital exanthema found at the AI center for a specific period before or after the collection of semen.

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

145

M. Vasco

Jerezano from Yeguada Rebujena la Alta

Also, they usually establish certain conditions relating to the diluents used in the preparation of the doses, storage and transport.

Procedure for exportation to third countries* The issuing of health certificates for the export of equine semen to non-EU countries is the responsibility of the national government; therefore, the corresponding health certificates will be signed by an official, government veterinarian from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. The necessary health requirements are specific for each destination country; Internet provides exporters with all the essential information, as has been described above, or can be requested from the Veterinary Inspection Services in your Areas and Agriculture Offices. These latter can be found at a Border Inspection Point or at an agricultural operational office.

146

ANCCE

The procedure for exports is indicated below: The exporter must contact the Veterinary Inspection Service of the Border Inspection Point or agricultural operational Office from which he/she is planning to export. Likewise, you will have to contact the Local Veterinary Services (Local Ag Offices) of your Regional Government covering the area where the farm from which the equine semen originates. You will have to inform the Services of your intention to export equine semen, supplying all the details about the planned dates, identification data, destination country, etc. In view of the health requirements required by the destination country, the Veterinary Services of the Region in question will proceed to carry out the relevant health and

www.ancce.com

Although the use of the MAPA-destination country agreed to certificate—accessible through Cexgan—is not mandatory, it is advisable that anyone interested in exporting to a country that does not appear in this database, should ask MAPA about the requirements of that country and start the process which will conclude in an officially approved certificate

sanitary controls at farm of origin, and take samples for the necessary analysis which are sent to an Official Laboratory. Once the analytical results are known and the necessary confirmations made, as would be the case, the Veterinary Services of the Region will issue a certificate about the health conditions within their field of responsibility (fundamentally those of the AI centers, farms and area of origin) and the analytical results, whenever both aspects comply with the requirements of the non-EU destination country. Although it is not usual in the case of semen, but in the case of live equines, when the semen leaves the European Union from another Member State, another health certificate will also be issued for the intra-community trade, which will accompany the shipment from Spain to said Member State. With the documentation supplied by the Veterinary Services of the Regional Government and the applicable identification documents, the exporter must then go to the Veterinary Inspection Service (Border Inspection Point or Operational Agricultural Office), where the Animal Health Inspector will proceed to verify the aforementioned documentation. Once those health requirements of the destination country have been met, which, with regards to the whole of Spain, have not been certified by the Veterinary Services of the Region, the Animal Health Inspector will issue the export health certificate, which will accompany the shipment of semen to its final destination in the corresponding non-EU country. Lastly, it must be mentioned that the health certificate specimens are processed by MAPA “on de-

mand;” in other words, as the exporters interested in a certain country request them, which is the reason why, at the moment, there are not many specimens available, because of the recent interest in the export of equine semen, and more specifically that of the P.R.E. In any case, should the exporter have additional knowledge of the requirements of a specific country to which he/she wishes to export the semen, and these can be complied with without problems, the Animal Health Inspector will be able to issue the export certificate according to those specific requirements. However, the actual shipment would be carried out under the responsibility of the exporter. This means that, if there were a problem at the destination, or the semen was rejected upon arrival, MAPA would not be able to defend the exporter’s interests, given that there is no proof of an official agreement or of a certificate approved by the authorities of the destination country guaranteeing the export. Therefore, although the use of the MAPA-destination country agreed certificate—accessible through Cexgan—is not mandatory, it is advisable that anyone interested in exporting to a country that does not appear in this database, should ask MAPA about the requirements of that country and start the process which will conclude in an officially approved certificate. These applications must be sent to the General Sub-directorate for Foreign Markets and Swine, Poultry and Other Productions, of the General Directorate of Livestock, by faxing to +34-91-347-40-80 or electronic mail: (sporcino@mapya.es).

*Third countries are all those countries other than Spain and any member of the European Union

Registration in the Register of Farming Operations The legislation for animal farms that appeared in the Andalusian Government Gazette (BOJA) num. 62, according to the lay passed on March 21, 2006 by the Regional Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries of the Andalusian Regional Government, referring to the mandates passed by Decree 14/2006, on January 18 (of that same year), which was published in our previous issue, has according to our information, also been adopted by other Regional Governments, including Castilla y León, Murcia, Extremadura, and Madrid. It is possible that this legislation has also been appeared in other Regions, although we are unaware of it. Therefore, we recommend that all breeders contact the Regional Ministries of Agriculture and Fisheries in their Region to obtain the necessary information Remember that the abovementioned Royal Decree refers to the creation and regulation of the Register of Farming Operations, which establishes the necessary requirements for the registration of equine exploitations.

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

147

DAILY VETERINARY PRACTICE

FROZEN SEMEN AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN EQUINES

By: Consuelo Serres Dalmau

With the approval of artificial insemination in the Purebred Spanish Horse, those in favor and against this reproductive technology defend their positions. Artificial insemination consists of collecting semen from a stallion for its subsequent introduction into the uterus of a mare. There are three types of artificial insemination:

TYPE OF A I

PROCESS

Fresh Semen:

After collecting the semen, it is used immediately (either extended or without extenders). Fresh and extended semen, preserved at 22ºC and protected from light, can be used within a period of no greater than three hours.

Refrigerated Semen:

Frozen Semen:

After collecting the semen, a specific extender is added and it is then slowly cooled to either 15 or 4ºC (depending on the chosen technique), preserving its fertility for a period of up to 36 hours and allowing it to be transported in special, refrigerated containers during that period of time. After collecting the semen, it is processed specifically for freezing and introduced into liquid nitrogen to preserve its fertility indefinitely.

Nitrogen tank with frozen semen straws

148

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

In the case of Purebred Spanish Horses, fresh and refrigerated semen is frequently used and requires handling similar that of controlled natural coverings with similar fertility results. However, insemination using frozen semen is totally different: 1. It requires a much greater knowledge and experience in handling the semen, cryobiology and artificial insemination 2. It requires much greater control over the mare to achieve a high level of synchronization between the insemination and her ovulation, due to the fact that thawed semen does not last as long once inside the mare 3. It entails a much higher economic cost, due to the reproductive handling of the mares

may have excellent motility). ONLY 30% OF STALLIONS HAVE SEMEN, WHICH FOLLOWING THE FREEZING AND THAWING PROCESS RETAINS ACCEPTABLE QUALITY; the semen of a further 30% retains a minimum quality and the semen of the remaining 30% of stallions fails to even retain a minimum quality after thawing, or in other

Even if all the described parameters are dominated, THE EXPECTED PERCENTAGE OF FERTILITY is still only 50%, with considerable individual variability between stallions. Another problem to bear in mind is that once having decided to use this technique with all the limiting factors acknowledged and the economic costs have been planned for, the frozen semen from the stallion of interest is not always available. There are two main reasons: the

THE EXPECTED PERCENTAGE OF FERTILITY is still only 50%, with considerable individual variability between stallions first one is that to be able to freeze equine semen, it must be very high quality semen with progressive motility above 50%-60%; Purebred Spanish Horses are not known for having very generous seminal parameters. The second reason is that not all stallions have semen that will support the freezing process (even though their ejaculate

Computerized analysis of sperm motility

words, there are a high percentage of stallions who, although their fresh semen is highly motile and they are very fertile when used for natural covering, are useless as frozen semen. It is also important to point out that the semen of a stallion does not have the same quality throughout his lifetime. Therefore, it IS ADVISABLE TO FREEZE SEMEN FROM STALLIONS DURING THEIR MOST FERTILE YEARS and not to wait until the stallion is older (when the semen offers poorer quality), which is usually once it is known to have good youngsters. Nevertheless, this insemination technique need not be cast aside due to the above. Freezing semen enables

Ultrasound image of a pregnant mare

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Espa単ol

149

The first foal born by means of frozen semen was described in 1957, and was the result of using semen obtained from the testicles (epididymises) of a dead stallion

genetic material to be stored indefinitely, thus offering a series of advantages that differentiate it from refrigerated semen, such as the possibility of a GENETIC BANK. This would facilitate insemination in cases of lost fertility in the stallion due to any cause (trauma, orchitis, tumors.....), or if the stallion dies. It also facilitates insemination of mares located at a greater geographical distance from the stallion. This makes artificial insemination with frozen semen a widely used technique in equine species throughout the world. The idea of this article is not to either support or attack artificial insemination using frozen semen, but to explain what this technique involves and to what extent it can be used. To understand why this technique is different from insemination with fresh semen, a description of what is required when freezing semen and the subsequent insemination using this system is provided below. The first foal born by means of frozen semen was described in 1957, and was the result of using

semen obtained from the testicles (epididymises) of a dead stallion.

to a specific concentration, and in an appropriate medium for freezing.

FREEZING:

The principal changes that sperm can suffer during freezing and thawing of the cell and which can damage its functions are caused by changes in the membrane deriving from the cooling process, from the formation of intra and subcellular ice crystals, from cellular dehydration, from the increase in the concentration of solutes and from the morphological alterations of the plasma membrane during the freezing and thawing processes. All these alterations damage, to a greater or lesser extent, the sperm; in fact thawed cells are weaker than non-processed cells and the longevity of their motility is inferior in thawed cells. To avoid this damage, the freezing extenders are composed of cryoprotectors (Glycerol, DMSO, etc.). However, the effectiveness of the cryoprotector is limited by the toxic effects these have on the sperm. The latest research into the freezing of equine semen is based on low concentrations of cryoprotectors and ALTERNATIVE,

The use of a good protocol for the freezing-thawing of sperm is important when maintaining sperm function, including motility, the metabolism for energy production and the integrity of the acrosomal and plasmatic membranes necessary for the penetration and fusion with the ovum during fertilization. The loss of only one of these characteristics could reduce or totally suppress the sperm fertility. Freezing semen requires a process that includes a series of steps. However, there is a total lack of standardization in protocols for freezing and insemination between the various laboratories. Equine ejaculate is very high in volume and relatively low in concentration when compared with other species. The use of a centrifuge for processing the semen enables the volume of the ejaculate to be reduced and its concentration increased for it to then be extended

The thawing process is crucial for the survival of the sperm

Only 30% of all stallions have semen, which following the freezing and thawing process, retains acceptable quality

150

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

normal fertility levels. The volume to be inseminated varies depending on the container used; when macro straws are used the seminal dose is 1 macro straw and therefore the volume is 4 ml; when micro straws are used, the volume will depend on the concentration of sperm, varying between 4 and 8 micro straws, which will be between 2 and 4 ml.

THAWING:

Deep intra-uterine insemination with hysteroscopy

less toxic, CRYOPROTECTORS Dimethylformamide….).

(Methylformamide,

Following the preparation of the semen, the freezing protocol differs depending on the extender used; neither the extender, nor the protocol for the freezing of equine semen is standardized between the various laboratories. Due to this, some include a time of equilibration and refrigeration before the freezing

The thawing process is crucial for the survival of the sperm; the rhythm or speed at which a semen sample must be thawed will depend on the cooling speed to which it was subjected. Therefore, the packaging system and the freezing speed will determine the thawing protocol. Semen packaged in macro straws of 4 ml is thawed by immersing it in water at 50ºC for 45 seconds, while semen packaged in straws of 0.5 or 0.25 ml is thawed by immersion in 37ºC water bath for a minimum of 30 seconds.

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION: In proceed with AI at the moment of maximum fertility, it is important to detect the estrus and to monitor follicular growth. This is generally done through rectal palpation and transrectal ultrasound, which enables the ovaries and the uterus to be evaluated, determining the presence, number and size of the follicles in both ovaries. The fact that you can determine the moment

The best results are obtained when mares are inseminated between the 12 hours leading up to ovulation and 6 hours post-ovulation

in their protocols while others do without of this step. Semen can be frozen in automatic freezers or in liquid nitrogen vapors, generally using a high freezing speed; once processed, the semen is stored in tanks of liquid nitrogen (-196ºC). The system is not standardized in terms of packaging, the volume to be inseminated or the dose to be used. With regards to the packaging, macro straws of 4 ml, micro straws of 0.5 ml and micro straws of 0.25 ml can be used. When fresh/refrigerated semen is used, 500 million sperms with progressive motility ensure an optimum percentage of pregnancy; however, the minimum seminal dose to ensure a good percentage of fertility when using frozen semen is unknown. There are studies that document seminal doses containing between 150 and 350 million sperms with progressive motility, inseminated at the time of ovulation have

of the ovulation enables you to be more effective with the AI technique, which translates into greater results of fertility. To do this, hormonal treatments can be used to induce ovulation. Artificial insemination with frozen semen is not an easily applied technique in equines. A series of factors must be born in mind that will determine the success or the failure of this technique. These factors include the POST-THAWING QUALITY OF THE SEMEN IS NOT ALWAYS RELATED TO FERTILITY, the reproductive state of the mare, the timing and frequency of the inseminations and above all, its relationship with the time of ovulation. The lack of standardization in equine insemination systems makes the veterinarian’s work even more difficult. There are a variety of insemination protocols for thawing semen. THE BEST RESULTS ARE OBTAINED

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

151

Verifying the cycle with ultrasound

WHEN MARES ARE INSEMINATED BETWEEN THE 12 HOURS LEADING UP TO OVULATION AND 6 HOURS POST-OVULATION. Most experts seem to agree is the use of DEEP INTRA-UTERINE INSEMINATION, either performed with hysteroscopy (by means of endoscope in the uterus) or by using specifically designed insemination catheters to deposit the semen at the end of the uterine horn. The most practical system is the use of an insemination catheter, which permits the introduction of a 0.5 ml straw for the insemination and also the use of multiple 0.5 ml straws without having to remove the catheter (two people are required to carry out the procedure). The catheter must be at least 65 cm long and be appropriately flexibility for deep intra-uterine insemination. Initially, deep intra-uterine insemination was used to increase the fertility of some sub-fertile stallions or for frozen semen, but after a number of studies, the conclusion has been reached that the main advantage of deep intra-uterine insemination is in the use of low dose insemination. This technique increases the hope of achieving a commercial technique of INSEMINATION WITH SEXED SEMEN. Now that tools enable the X and Y sperm to be separated, such as flow cytometry, this is done at a very slow speed (10-15 million sperm sexed per hour). It is due to the fact that each sperm has to be individually analyzed and this lack of speed causes damage to the spermatic cell. Therefore, to inseminate with sexed semen, it is necessary to use seminal doses with a very small number of sperm. When using frozen semen, it is important to accept the fact that there are limits, one of which has already been commented. Optimum results strive for a 50% fertility rate. This may not sound too bad, but translated into plain language means that half of the mares will remain empty or if you have only one mare, you will obtain a foal, on average, every two yearsIn conclusion, it can be highlighted that due to the cost/fertility relationship,

152

ANCCE

the use of refrigerated semen should be considered the technique of choice for equine insemination provided the distance involved allows this system to be used. However, insemination with frozen semen will be the only option to inseminate mares if the stallion is a great distance away, as well as (if the stallion owners have been provident) if the stallion has lost his reproductive function (trauma, orquitis, testicular degeneration,....) or has died.

DIFFICULTIES OF AI WITH FROZEN SEMEN EXPERIENCE: you must know the methodology well and have enough experience to be able to perform this technique; all the personnel handling the semen must know how to do so in an appropriate way. EQUIPMENT: It requires minimum technology and equipment, which enables a correct collection, evaluation, extension and preparation of the semen and of the seminal doses. STALLION: Not all stallion semen is able to support the freezing process. SEMEN: Thawed semen may have good seminal characteristics after it is thawed, and still not get the mares pregnant. MARE CONTROL: A perfect control of the mareâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s estral cycle is necessary, as on many occasions, poor reproductive handling (poor detection of seasons, ignorance of the timing and frequency of the inseminations) can cause a fall in fertility. ECONOMIC COST: Costs are increased because the entire process included the preparation and storage of the semen and strict control the estral cycle inf the mare.

www.ancce.com

NUESTRO HIGH INVITADO SCHOOL By Alfonso Cuesta

José Antonio Fernández Lineros riding Magaño

The Spanish Walk It is important not to do it quickly, but to do it well

When

approaching this exercise, just as with all the other high school exercises, it is obvious that the horse must be both physically and mentally prepared to perform it successfully. If this is not the case, and high school is approached before the horse has a sufficiently consolidated schooling base, in the best in the cases, you run the risk of having a horse that will perform poor quality high school exercises that are only a pantomime of what they should in fact be. Any high school exercise must be performed

Riders should educate, not mistreat their horses. Abuse occurs when what is demanded is something for which the horse has not yet been trained

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

153

Be reasonable; when teaching something new, you must not expect it to be done perfectly, and you must be willing to forgive faults that are due to misunderstanding or the nervousness of the horse with the quality that is characteristic of high school. It is painful for the spectator to watch a horse being asked to perform exercises for which it is not ready; and this says very little of the rider. The rider should educate, not mistreat his/her horses, and abuse occurs when what is demanded is something for which the horse has not yet been trained. Therefore, the bases of training must be patiently and conscientiously prepared, thus, the exercise will be attained successfully. In most cases, the actual quality of the exercises will come when the horse acquires dexterity, and this is something that will happen with continuous, but not excessive practice. To prepare for Spanish walk, it is best to have two trainers, one on the horse and the other on foot, placed facing the left shoulder of the animal, with the right side of the horse against the wall. With the horse at halt, the person who is on foot gives the horse a light touch behind the knee of the left foreleg, with a schooling whip; the rider must prevent the horse from moving forwards or backwards, keeping it calm and straight at all times. Generally the first touches with the whip do not have any effect, therefore, these light touches behind the left foreleg will continue, somewhat higher or lower, until the horse gives some kind of reaction with its foreleg, the smallest reaction, lifting it slightly, pawing the ground or stamping is good. Any movement of the foreleg by the horse at the touch of the whip will do and he must be rewarded immediately, with pats by the rider and a tidbit from the person on foot. Next, the horse must take one or two steps forward. Once again, the person of foot should start touching the left foreleg with the whip. This time the horse will definitely move its foreleg more readily, it must be patted as before and one or two more steps

154

ANCCE

forward. Once the horse has reacted positively with a stamp four or five times, it must be patted effusively and given a completely loose rein, allowing it to extend its neck completely and walk a complete circuit around the arena, so that it can relax its topline, to start again in the place where it reacted quickest to the touch of the whip; once four or five stamps have again been achieved, with several walk strides inserted between them, the reins must again be loosed and the horse can have a free rein for five to ten minutes, until its breathing has returned to normal, before dismounting and finishing the session. This said, it is understood that it is necessary to always leave the new exercise you want to teach at the end of the daily work. In other words, the horse will have performed its work in walk, trot and canter, having ensured that this session will not have been very tough, so as to leave the horse sufficiently strong and willing when the time comes to teach the new exercise. Be reasonable; when teaching something new, you must not expect it to be done perfectly, and you must be willing to forgive faults that are due to misunderstanding or the nervousness of the horse, such as loss of straightness, wanting to go forward, etc. Although you must never accept that the horse moves backwards; the rider is in charge of keeping the horse CALM, straight, collected and at halt or asking it to walk forwards when necessary. The assistant on foot is in charge of touching the foreleg with the whip. At this initial stage, it is essential not to confuse the horse by the rider giving aids with legs, hands or seat; I am of the opinion

JosĂŠ Fajardoriding Japones during the Festivities for Moors & Christians

that at this stage, aids given by the rider are more than a nuisance, thus increasing confusion and therefore nervousness in the horse; you must make it very easy for the horse and transmit this idea to it: we want it to be calm, collected, straight and at halt gives a â&#x20AC;&#x153;stampâ&#x20AC;? and then walk forwards two or three strides, nothing else. The following day, begin again with the left foreleg and once this first objective has been achieved, start working on the right foreleg, using the process described for the left foreleg. You must not become impatient if these simple objectives are not achieved in a few days, it is important not to do it quickly, but to do it well. Although the process may appear to be very slow, if there is some improvement every day, it is a good sign, and when the horse executes a magnificent Spanish walk and you notice that you are only starting to teach your horse, you will realize that in fact very little time has been invested.

www.ancce.com

ANCCE REPORTS

Presidential Table at the 35th ANCCE National Assembly

MORE THAN 200 BREEDERS FROM 12 REGIONS GATHERED FOR ANCCEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S 15th GENERAL ASSEMBLY Australia, the United States and Holland were there. The 2007 ANCCE budgetâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;exceeding four million Euroâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;was approved by the Assembly. The 15th ANCCE General Assembly took place at the Hacienda San Miguel de Montelirio, owned by the breeder Mr. Gregorio Aranda. It was attended by more than 200 breeders from 12 Regions, and the Alderwoman of Economy and Innovation of the Sevilla City Council, Rosa Mar Prieto-Castro; the Director of Tourism for the Province (of Sevilla), TomĂĄs BotĂn; the Vice-presidents of ANCCE, Pedro Maza and Javier Conde; Secretary of the ANCCE Council, JosĂŠ DĂaz SolĂs; ANCCE Treasurer, Augusto Romero-Haupold; the President of the Stud Book Taskforce, Juan Pedro Domecq; and the General and Executive Secretaries of ANCCE, Jaime Molina and Manuel GonzĂĄlez, respectively, as well as representatives of stud farms and members from the USA, Holland and Australia. The Assembly began with the reading and approval of the minutes from the 2006 Ordinary General Assembly or, in its place, approval of the censorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; report of the minutes. It was followed by a report of the activities corresponding to the 2006 period, a reading and approval of the balance and accounts resulting from the past year and the budget for 2007. Subsequently, the decisions taken by the ANCCE Board of Directors as of May 2006 and to the first quarter of 2007 were ratified by the Assembly, as was the report from the various taskforces constituted during this present year. It concluded with the Election of the Honorary Member of ANCCE for 2007 and with requests and questions from all those present.

The principal agreements reached were: Â&#x2021; 8SGDWLQJ RI WKH $1&&( :HE VLWH ZZZ DQFFH FRP to offer online services to breeders and supporters of the PRE from all over the world. Â&#x2021; &RQVWUXFWLRQ RI D RIILFHV EHORQJLQJ WR WKH $VVRFLDWLRQ work to start in 2008. Â&#x2021; $SSURYDO RI WKH WRWDO EXGJHW ZKLFK UHDFKHV PRUH than 4 million Euros. Â&#x2021; &UHDWLRQ RI QHZ MREV Â&#x2021; &UHDWLRQ RI D FRPSHWLWLRQ LQ 0DGULG LQ WKDW ZLOO be a qualifier for the final at SICAB. The President of ANCCE, Mr. JosĂŠ Palma Moreno stressed that: â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Purebred Spanish Horse is present in more than fifty countries, and the agreements adopted today will provide the impetus for the improvement and promotion of the breed internationally. Today, an ancient ambition of Purebred Spanish Horse breeders has been fulfilled.â&#x20AC;? Another topic covered during the Assembly, and new for ANCCE as of 2007, is the Purebred Spanish Horse Stud Book. As of January 1, more than 1,500 registration updates have been attended, which affects some 5,600 PRE horses. To conclude, Mr. JosĂŠ Palma wanted to highlight the increase during 2006 in the number of breeder members, which has risen from 640 to 763. This is a 20% increase, which shows the growth of this business sector.

July - August 2007 / El Caballo EspaĂąol

155

ANCCE Board of Directors and Presidents of the Taskforces

Gregorio Aranda accepting a gift from the President

Molina, Rosa Mar Prieto Castro with the Alderwoman for Economy and Innovation of the Sevilla Town

General view of the luncheon

156

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

Antonio Diosdado, Fernando González, Rafael Domenech & Rafael Palenzuela

Rafael Palenzuela, Adolfo Sanchez de Movellan, Jose Ignacio Sanchez Velazquez and his wife

Angustias Fernández, Ernesto Vázquez, Mª Fernanda de la Escalera & Manuel Novales

Juan Soltero, Pablo Martín & Franscisco Angelet

Paloma Garcia, Javier Conde, Tomas Botin Manager of Sevilla Provincial Tourism and ANCCE President Jose Palma

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

157

Eduardo Torres from Yeguada Torrehermosa

Mariano Mej铆as from Yeguada Los Nogales

Araceli G贸mez, Representative for the Miguel Sanchez Garcia stud farm

Ram贸n Mart铆n from Dehesa de Cabeza Rubia

158

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

Francisco Angelet, Responsible for the Communication & Promotion Taskforce

Juan Pedro Domecq, Responsible for the Stud Book

Pepe Palma, President of ANCCE

Javier Conde, Vice President of ANCCE

Juan Soltero, Responsible for the Ofﬁce Taskforce

Rafael Domenech, Responsible for the Selection Scheme Taskforce

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

159

Information about 2007 fees These fees are applicable to Spain only. Fees and fees will be approved in other countries depending on their individual circumstances. When requesting the right to handle the Purebred Spanish Horse Stud Book, ANCCE only wanted to remain faithful to its origins and statutes. We are the breeders, and therefore must accept our responsibility as breeders and entrepreneurs. We must make the decisions, within an established order, while respecting tradition and with the collaboration of Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA), about the registration services, how to improve the breed, its promotion, the health-related aspects that concern us, etcetera. None of this is possible if we to not handle the Stud Book. However, all this costs money. If it is to survive, a Stud Book needs the means; no more and no less - just what is fair. ANCCE is an association of breeders lead by breeders defending the interests of the breeders. It would be wonderful to have no need to pay for Stud book services, supported solely by MAPA subsidies, which is certainly less than what was received by our predecessors for this same responsibility. However, the consequences of this would be immediate: with only that money, we would have a very basic Stud Book; not at all the Stud Book that PRE horse deserves. This is not our philosophy. We must be aware of the value of the horses we breed. Purebred Spanish Horses are sum of two concepts: the actual horse, and its Passport. Both of these aspects have added value if the Stud Book is handled correctly. In terms of the horse itself, there are conformational competitions and the selection scheme which produce more beautiful horses with a greater functional quality. In terms of the Passport, there is a registration protocol which is totally reliability to hinder any type of manipulation of

160

ANCCE

origins or documentation. As has been stated previously, this is not achieved thanks to MAPA-granted subsidies, but also by paying for the services offered. As a breeders’ association, ANCCE is concerned about the expenses that the sector supports and, due to this, has tried to maintain the costs as they were previously. When accepting the responsibility for the equality of fees for all breeders within Spain, which fees do we select? The cheapest? Most expensive? Logically, something in between. While there is no question that, in certain individual cases, after the application of standard fees, these will be more expensive; nevertheless, the costs will be about the same or even cheaper in most cases. There is no doubt that we are willing to provide any information you may required. Explanation of the fees. To understand these fees, please bear in mind the following aspects: 1) We have sought to globalize costs; you must not only compare the public fees and prices, but also those of the veterinarian and other matters that are avoided with the new procedures. 2) One of the principles of ANCCE is to treat all breeders equally, independent of the number of horses own or location of the stud farm. This means that there will always be breeders who are worse off when compared with the previous procedures, based on the payment of public fees and prices plus the changeable fees paid to the veterinarian. These fees have been established by taking several factors into consideration: the number of horses, the distance between the veterinarian home/office and the stud farm, and whether or not the veterinarian usually

works for the breeder and, if this is the case, whether they would be the same or not. At the same time, there are breeders, usually small scale operations, who benefit because those same factors impacted them negatively when the fees were applied because they are located in isolated areas, own only a few horses or the veterinarian was not the only they usually work with. 3) The rational of payments by the breeder when it was equalled out with the veterinarian varied, but can be summarized below in general terms: a) In many cases, the veterinarian charged for having the blood shipped. With the new procedures, the appointed veterinarian takes charge of both the documentation and biological samples. The breeders receive the completed documentation, at his/her home, sent by a courier service. This avoids having to ship to the old Delegations of Defense or the post office to collect a certified package. b) The microchip was paid for separately, which cost and still costs €7-8 per foal born; with the LG PRE ANCCE, this is included in the price. c) Call out charges were not charged if there were enough horses that the veterinarian felt it was worth his/her while to go to a stud farm. If this was not the case, between €0.25 and €0.30 was charged per kilometer. With the LG PRE ANCCE, call out charges are included in what the veterinarian charges and all breeders must pay the same rate, as has been mentioned previously. d) Combining any of the three points stated above gave way to an endless number of possibilities. On some occasions,

www.ancce.com

the microchips and travel were charged and shipment was not, while on others, only one of the three was charged for. There was never a standard criterion. e) We also came across cases where, due to the distance and small number of horses, the authorized personnel refused to go and, to indicate the charges covered in these cases, there was a maximum fee of â&#x201A;Ź120. In the attached list of fees, you can see that there is a single cost for each service. This is the same for any location in Spain, whether island or main land, independent of the region, province, district or municipality in which the particular breederâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s farm is located. 4) By law, value added tax (VAT) must be added to the LG PRE ANCCE fees, which means that the breeders have to pay an additional 16%. In most cases, this amount can be written of on the quarterly/annual VAT declarations. To make comparisons, like for like must be compared. To be fair, we have to either subtract the VAT from the LG PRE ANCCE fees, or add it to what FESCCR charges in order for it to be more illustrative. 5) The two most frequent services (accounting for 95% of the total) are the

Yeguada Vilaire

Lemos 161

200

Comparative prices Fesccr & vet without VAT ------ ANCCE without VAT & vet without VAT

180 160

fesccr ANCCE

140 120 100 80 60 40 20

U IN

G B O R F E E O O D W O W E W N R N E N E C R E R O S R S H D S H IP E H I P IP C C A C A R A R D R D D (1 (p (o ) ro ve ce rd ss ue in g) pr oc O e R ss V E E in G R g) IS D T U R E A D R T U E IO P G P N A LI IS S C T S A R P P T A E O E T T R IO IT O T F IO N R P O E N E W N T F E IT N O W E IO D R R A U N G S L P E H FO LI N IP C C E R E A C T R T G IC A E T E R IF A N P D C N IC E A E A T S R A LY IC S T T P IF E S A O IC IS A N R S A A T w T LY B T R ith E A IB S S A s IS U I a S C N m T w B B A R pl ith A R L IB e S E ou F U IC E O N t D R sa B A I N R L Q m G E U F pl E O A S e D LI R TO IN F Q IE C G U K D A S LI fir TO B st F R IE C E K E D D s B ec IN R G on E E S d D T IN O C G B K S R f ir T E O R st E E C D G K IN IS se G T c C R on E A R d T T IO IF N IC C A E E T R X E P TI O F R IA T C C A E T R E TI F IC A T E

registration and certificate of basic aptitude for breeding. Due to this, they are printed in bold (on the table). In accordance with the services carried out as of January and until March 31st, there have been a total of 350 registrations of a total of 782 horses; that is an average of 2.23 horses per service. For the certification of basic aptitude for breeding, this has been 351 services from a total of 661 horses, for an average of 1.88 horses per service. . 6) The Passport is include in the REGISTRATION service, as well as the ownership card and a new document which has been produced by a collaborating company that National Mint with modern security and anticounterfeiting measures. In addition, with this, the process of ownership transfer between breeders has been standardized. The need for the implementation of this new document has been verified: by April 15, 2007, after having introduced the details of more than 70,000 horses, it has been discovered that in 35% of the cases, the owner is not the person who officially holds the Passport. This document is therefore vital for keeping the stud farm status up to date and

162

ANCCE

to be informed of the situation of each horse at any given time; it is something that is necessary for any Stud Book, to know what horses are in stock and for any of improvement and selection plan. 7) The breeding certificate can be downloaded and printed from the LG PRE ANCCE Web site for a fee of â&#x201A;Ź0. We hope that in the not too distant future, you will be able to fill in not only the name of the sire, but also the entire, completed certificate. When the appointed veterinarian completes the breeding certificate, the breeder pays â&#x201A;Ź2 for handling the document, always to the veterinarian and never to the LG PRE ANCCE stud book. 8) The Breeder Code only affects new breeders and never those already registered. ANCCE has received the command for handling the Stud Book for all breeders, independent of whether or not they belong to the association. This means that breeders will benefit globally, due to the equality of pricing in the structures and services of the Stud Book. It therefore appears to be logical that new breeders pay an entrance fee that contributes to financing the

costs of maintenance (and we all agree on this), all the more so when this in no way effects the already established stud farms. 9) Within the service for the certification of basic aptitude for breeding, the appointed veterinarian processes, on site, the new and old Passport (totally valid) is given the official stamp, thus avoiding the need to send it to the LG center and to subsequently collect it, as was the case with the old procedures of the FESCRR Delegations. It thus makes the service quicker, which could be a possible advantage. 10) The revenues generated not only pay for the services offered, but also for cover vital aspects of in a modern Stud Book, such as a blood bank, which is vital for handling any Stud Book, as it is needed for any research work that must be carried out and will be carried out by this type or organization. 11) The public prices were last updated in 2005, and the fees have remained unaltered for years. These public fees and prices did not cover the expenses of the service on offer - this was achieved by means of government contributions to this institution.

www.ancce.com

25,86 25,86 1,72 10,34 25,87

24 0,7 24 24

REGISTRATION CERTIFIACATE

EXPORT CERTIFICATE

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

163

In most cases, paid separately

Average case of 3 foals

Includes call out charge and shipment of samples

Includes personalized messenger service to

breeder’s address

average of 50 km

Shipment of samples not included

REGISTRATION includes the ownership card

Call out charge at €0.30/ km with an

FESCCR prices plus vet:

ANCCE prices:

Request appliction Issuing

TRIBUNAL FOR QUALIFIED BREEDING STOCK second

BREEDING CERTIFICATE

6.89

60,17

Request appliction

TRIBUNAL FOR QUALIFIED BREEDING STOCK first

Evaluation and Updating of the Graphic Description

CERTIFICATE AS BASIC BREEDING STOCK second

50 60,17

24 22

25,86

124,66

139

189,31

163

124,7

119

136 56

25,86

6,89

172,41

46 46

SHIPMENT 96

Evaluation & Updating of Graphic Description

CERTIFICATE AS BASIC BREEDING STOCK first

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

PETITION FOR GENETIC ANALYSIS with sample

PETITION FOR GENETIC ANALYSIS without sample

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

DUPLICATE PASSPORT

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

NONE

PASSPORT RENEWAL

public price 48

fee

TOTAL fee + public price 53

VETERINARY

AVERAGE CALL OUT AVERAGE 3 HORSES

Tot fesccr-VET PART without VAT

DUPLICATE OF OWNERSHIP CARD

Graphic description, chip, samples

OVER DUE REGISTRATION

Graphic description, chip, samples

REGISTRATION

NONE

OWNERSHIP CARD (processing)

NONE

OWNERSHIP CARD (over due processing)

NOT CHARGED

ISSUING OF OWNERSHIP CARD (1)

CRIA CABALLAR

TABLE I Fesccr plus vet without VAT------ Ancce without VAT plus vet, without VAT and Ancce with VAT plus vet without VAT

ancce (without VAT)-vet (without VAT)

BREEDER CODE

ANCCE STUD BOOK

135

210

135

200

ancce (with VAT)-vet (without VAT)

TABLE II If VAT were paid to Fesccr and the vet ------ ANCCE veterinario con IVA Ancce (+VAT) - Vet (+VAT)

Fesccr (+VAT)-Vet (+ VAT)

SHIPMENT

VETERINARY

Average Call

Fee

CRIA CABALLAR

TOTAL Fee &

Public Price

ANCCE STUD BOOK

BREEDER CODE

NOT CHARGED

ISSUING OF OWNERSHIP CARD (1)

NONE

208,31 9

OWNERSHIP CARD (processing)

NONE

OWNERSHIP CARD (over due processing)

NONE

REGISTRATION

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

29 24 53 56

10 138,04

OVER DUE REGISTRATION

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

29 48 77 56

30 189,08

219,6

PASSPORT RENEWAL

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

29 24 53 56

30 161,24

144,6

DUPLICATE OF OWNERSHIP CARD

NONE

DUPLICATE PASSPORT

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

22 24 46

PETITION FOR GENETIC ANALYSIS with sample

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

22 28 50 56

CERTIFICATE AS BASIC BREEDING STOCK first

Evaluation & Updating of Graphic Description (D)

24 42

CERTIFICATE AS BASIC BREEDING STOCK second

Evaluation and Updating of the Graphic Description

0,00

PETITION FOR GENETIC ANALYSIS without sample

53,36

30 157,76

98,6

24 24

144,6

27,84 88,16

58 69,79

24 42

30 111,36

69,79

TRIBUNAL FOR QUALIFIED BREEDING STOCK first

Request appliction

27,84

TRIBUNAL FOR QUALIFIED BREEDING STOCK second

Request appliction

27,84

BREEDING CERTIFICATE

Issuing

0,7

0,81

2,32

REGISTRATION CERTIFIACATE

27,84

EXPORT CERTIFICATE

27,84

ANCCE prices:

FESCCR price plus vet:

Registration includes the ownership card €6.89

Call out charge at €0.30/km with an average of 50 km

Includes call out charge and shipment of samples

Shipment of samples not included

in many cases, paid separately

Includes personalized messenger service to breeder’s address

TABLE III

Shipment of documents to breeder not included

FESCCR & VET WITHOUT VAT---- ANCCE & VET WITHOUT VAT ancce (without VAT) - Vet (without VAT)

Fesccr - vet (without VAT)

SHIPMENT

VETERINARY

Average Call Out

Fee

TOTAL Fee & Public Price

CRIA CABALLAR

Public Price

ANCCE STUD BOOK

BREEDER CODE

NOT CHARGED

ISSUING OF OWNERSHIP CARD (1)

NONE

7,76

OWNERSHIP CARD (processing)

NONE

25,86

OWNERSHIP CARD (over due processing)

NONE

REGISTRATION

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

179,31

50 Register, analysis & decision, documentation (E)

29 24 53 56

119

124,66

OVER DUE REGISTRATION

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

29 48 77 56

163

189,31

PASSPORT RENEWAL

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

29 24 53 56

139

124,66

DUPLICATE OF OWNERSHIP CARD

NOT CHARGED

25,86

DUPLICATE PASSPORT

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

22 24 46

PETITION FOR GENETIC ANALYSIS with sample

Graphic description, chip, samples (C)

22 28 50 56

PETITION FOR GENETIC ANALYSIS without sample

24 24

136

CERTIFICATE AS BASIC BREEDING STOCK first

Evaluation & Updating of Graphic Description (D)

24 42

60,17

CERTIFICATE AS BASIC BREEDING STOCK second

Evaluation and Updating of the Graphic Description

24 42

60,17

TRIBUNAL FOR QUALIFIED BREEDING STOCK first

Request appliction

25,86

TRIBUNAL FOR QUALIFIED BREEDING STOCK second

Request appliction

25,86

BREEDING CERTIFICATE

Issuing

0,7

10,34

25,87

REGISTRATION CERTIFIACATE EXPORT CERTIFICATE ANCCE prices:

Precio FESCCR más veterinario:

Registration includes the ownership card €6.89

Call out charge at €0.30/km with an average of 50 km

Includes call out charge and shipment of samples

Shipment of samples not included

Includes personalized messenger service to

Average case of 3 foals

breeder’s address

Shipment of documents to breeder not included

164

ANCCE

in many cases, paid separately

www.ancce.com

Breeder Survey Your opinion is important The ANCCE taskforce for communication and promotion has, for several months, been working and holding meetings with the various institutions to study a number of important topics affecting us all. Therefore, before making any decision, ANCCE would like to know the opinion of the each and every breeder members making up the association to be able to make the best decisions possible and that the final decision closely reflect the thoughts or concerns of the breeders. The opinion of the sector is not only important but also desired. The communication taskforce has designed an anonymous survey in which opinions are sought about several important topics for the future of the breed. These topics include the tribunals for qualified breeding stock, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, competition regulations, etc. This survey has been sent to all members either by standard mail, e-mail, the web or by fax so that it can be completed and returned to the office as soon as is possible.

Olga Tarragona

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Espa単ol

165

Personal VISA launched to include stud farm brand Full Members of ANCCE can now have their own exclusive VISA card with the ANCCE logo and brand of their individual stud farm. This initiative has been made possible thanks to an agreement between the Association and La Caixa (Savings & Loan Bank). Henceforth, breeders will be able to shop and perform transactions using their VISA card, but with a unique, personalized card that identifies them as breeders and members of ANCCE. There is no need to change accounts or banks; La Caixa offers this customized no commission service.

Verdict favors ANCCE

For any additional information, please contact the ANCCE offices where the application form can be found.

PRE Horse Auction The 4th Annual PRE Horse Auction will be held during this year’s edition of SICAB. Visits by the selection commission to the various stud farms will take place during the month of June. Following the initial selection, depending on the conformation and movement of the horses, all pre-selected horses will undergo a veterinary examination to discard the presence of osteochondrosis (OCD) and other serious anomalies or diseases or those which could affect their general use. As in the previous editions, ANCCE has contracted a veterinarian to carry out this task; in this case, it is once again Dr. Manuel Naz who will be performing the phenomenal task for the PRE horse auction.

Antonio Leiva, will meet following the visits by the selection taskforce to study the videos of each and every one of the horses and to decide which of these will be preselected for the auction. Following this first stage, those selected will then undergo the veterinary examination, to finally determine those horses eligible for auction. All relevant information will be available on the ANCCE web-site along with photos and videos of each horse, as well as its origins and main characteristics. Likewise, information will be sent to breeders throughout the world. The starting prices remain unchanged from last year:

There have been 83 applications, which include stallions, mares and lots of 2 or 3 year-old fillies.

6,000 Euros for the stallions

The SICAB presided by

Auction services offered to the owners include:

166

taskforce, Mr. José

ANCCE

4,500 Euros for the mares 2,500 Euros for each filly that is presented in a lot

,QFOXVLRQ RI SKRWR and video in the official catalog that is available on the ANCCE web-site. 9HWHULQDU\ examination (only for those that have passed the conformation and movement pre-selection). 2FFXSDWLRQ RI VWDEOHV or pens at SICAB. 3XEOLFLW\ LQ QDWLRQDO and international specialized press. 5HFUXLWPHQW RI ULGHUV to prepare the stallions during November. 6L[ WKRXVDQG HXUR (€6000) insurance policy per horse. The auction offers purchasers full guarantees by virtue of the veterinary exam that all the horses entering the arena have undergone, as well as ANCCE’s full support of this initiative and the quantity of information available about each horse, with a growing number of purchasers attending each year from abroad.

As was mentioned during the most recent General Assembly, the Association was awaiting the verdict for the lawsuit that some members had launched against ANCCE in which they challenged the social agreements taken at the General Assembly held on April 8, 2006, and specifically the section of “ratification of the agreements by the Board of Directors.” They also requested that one breeder should have his membership cancelled as they considered that the procedure followed was contrary to law. The verdict, dated May 9 which has now been made public, rejects the claims made by the plaintiffs, and states that the ANCCE Assembly proceedings were correct and therefore has imposed that the plaintiffs pay all legal costs. For further information about the contents of the verdict, check the news section of the ANCCE web-site: www.ancce.com

www.ancce.com

INTERNATIONAL ITALY

ANCCE INTERVIEWS P.R.E. BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATIONS IN ITALY On May 22, ANCCE representatives traveled to Florence to meet with Italian Breeders’ Association to discuss the stud book and policies of promotion of the Purebred Spanish Horse In Italy. ANCCE representatives interviewed the representatives of AIPRE (Italian PRE Association) and AICE (Italian Association of Purebred Spanish Horses) at the Unaway Hotel in Florence. In Italy, there are two breeders’ associations. The main reason for visiting them was to inform about the advances of the PRE stud book in Italy and obtain information that the register is anxiously awaiting. Italy is an expanding market, with major historical links with Spain and hosts of one of the most important equestrian events in the world—Fieracavalli. This year, in Verona, will be the 109th edition! Therefore, to talk of a combined promotion with the associations was another major topic. The goal is to participate in major events in Italy, and to understand the necessities of the potential Italian clients, in addition to offering our collaboration when PRE competitions and tests are held. The information policy that ANCCE launched in 2006 strives to reach as many breeders as possible. This has taken us to sixty locations within Spain, as well as to Costa Rica, Mexico, Guatemala, the United States, Holland, the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy. For further information please contact the ANCCE office: Tel: +34- 954-689-260; e-mail: prensa@ ancce.com Olga Tarragona

Soñador

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

167

UNITED KINGDOM

ANCCE at The 2007 Royal Windsor Horse Show 52,000 visitors 200 exhibitors 64 editions Held annually 4 exhibition and completion arenas

registrations (Amanda Tomlinson and Maria McBride, respectively). The meeting lasted for more than four hours and covered such aspects as the Stud Book, registration, evaluation and TQBs, the procedures to be followed, and the details pending receipt in the LG office; all questions were resolved.

The show was started by the Queen of England in 1943 to raise funds to help those damaged by the Second World War, and it continues to enjoy her support. She visits the event every year.

BAPSH was constituted in 1982 and is the only PRE association in the United Kingdom. It works very well, having delivered to the LG a very complete report of the details of all horses currently registered in the country.

Main Show Data:

On this occasion, we were able to personally present her with a bag of promotional materials including: the book of stud farms, a copy of the magazine, “El Caballo Español,” a DVD of the SICAB Show and ANCCE watch. During the show, several competitions for horse-lovers were held, including hunting, dressage, exhibition of carriages, and pony races. There was also a conformational competition for Purebred Spanish and a national show jumping competition and an international Carriage Driving Event.

Queen Elisabeth in the Grandstand

ANCCE stand ANCCE had a 36 m2 (6m x 6m) stand in a corner next to the Food and Drink Festival Marquee, sample of gastronomy promoted by the organizers and one of the major attractions for the public. The walls were decorated with photos of PRE horses that completely covered the panel (2.5m x 1m), as well as the poster of the breeder brands and the SICAB poster with the dates for 2007.

Promotional materials Visitors were given the DVD “The Spanish Horse” (produced in January 2006 for the Houston Rodeo), posters with the breeder brands, El Caballo Español magazines, pamphlets about the PRE in English published in December 2006, pins, the ANCCE Stud Farm Book (2004 edition) and DVDs of the SICAB 2007 show, all free of charge. Meeting with the Association (British Association for the Purebred Spanish Horse) Arancha Rodríguez and Manuel González met with the President of BAPSH and the person in charge of

168

ANCCE

www.ancce.com

Information about the British market The British market fits the pattern of the European market in general. The great majority of owners with few animals are themselves in charge of feeding, caring for and riding their own horses. Geldings have a huge market in this country and in Europe in general. Many people have no space or facilities at home for keeping their horse and equestrian clubs usually prohibit the registration of stallions; therefore, they are typically forced to either castrate them once there, or to look for horses that have been castrated while in Spain.

The ANCCE Stand

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Espa単ol

169

ASSOCIATIONS ASOCIACIÓN NACIONAL DE GANADEROS DE CABALLOS DE PURA RAZA ESPAÑOLA DE ESTIRPE CARTUJANA

NEWS

Lugareño IX (Champion of Champions at the Guatemala Champioinships)

PROTOCOL FOR ANCCE MEMBERSHIP Last March, there was a meeting between Mr. JOSÉ PALMA and Mr. JAIME MOLINA (from ANCCE) and Mr. ANGEL PERALTA, Mr. RAFAEL PERALTA and Mr. JOSÉ Mª CRUCES MORILLO (representing the Association of Carthusian Stock E.C.), with the purpose of signing the agreement to make our Association a member of ANCCE. ELECTIONS The General, Ordinary and Extraordinary Assemblies and Elections took place at the Seville Congress Hotel on April 13th. Only one candidacy was presented, components elected are as follows:

whose

35(6,'(17 0U -XDQ 3D\R <HJXDGD 5RLJ Bergado) 9,&( 35(6,'(17 0U -RVp $QWRQLR 3pUH] 0LOOiQ (Yeguada Vega Yares) 6(&5(7$5< 0U 0DXULFLR 6ROHU (VFREDU +HLUV RI Mr. José Mª Escobar Barrilaro) 75($685(56 0UV &ULVWLQD 6LOYD *DQDGHUtD OD Vigía) 0UV *UD]LHOOD 6XiUH] ([SORWDFLRQHV HO $ODPLOOR 0(0%(56 ZLWK YRLFH 1. Mr. Santiago Casado (Yeguada del Hierro de la Magdalena) 2. Mr. Antonio López Rivas (Yeguada Antonio López Gibaja) 3. Mr. Manuel Nogales and Márquez de Prado (Yeguada Nogales y Márquez de Prado) 4. Mr. Rafael Peralta (Yeguada Agrícola Peralta) 5. Mr. Germán Bonilla (Cartujanos de Castell) 6. Mr. Juan Manuel Muñoz Aizpuru (Yeguada Juan Manuel Muñoz Aizpuru) 7. Mr. José Miras Gómez (Yeguada Miras) 8. Mrs. Silvia de Rooij (Yeguada Residelca) 9. Mr. Cristóbal Cortés Bueno (Yeguada Salvador Cortés García)

170

ANCCE

NATIONAL CONFORMATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS (ESCAR-2007) The NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS FOR HORSES OF CARTHUSIAN BLOODLINE - ESCAR 2007, will take place from the 5th to 8th July, in the Torrelavega Fair Grounds (Cantabria). These Championships take place jointly with FECAR 2007, organized by the CANTABRIAN BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION.

APPOINTMENT OF MR. ANGEL PERALTA AS HONORARY PRESIDENT A tribute to Mr. ÁNGEL PERALTA and Mr. JOSÉ Mª CRUCES MORILLO will take place on Saturday the 7th July, in the “PALACIO DEL MAR” Hotel, which is located on the Sardinero beach in SANTANDER. This is in thanks for the huge task undertaken in the years that they led the Association. During the same presentation, Mr. ÁNGEL PERALTA will be named Honorary President. If you wish to attend the event, please contact the Association, by calling +34-957-326-539.

CONGRATULATIONS Congratulations to Mr. Salvador Baldizon and Yeguada Casta NOble for the success of Lugareño at the Guatemala conpetition

www.ancce.com

BELGIUM

THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF PUREBRED SPANISH HORSE BREEDERS’ OF BELGIUM CHANGES ITS BOARD OF DIRECTORS The new Board of Directors was approved during the most recent General Assembly, held on January 13, 2007. The following officers were chosen: President: Mr. Cyril Vanderbroeck Vice-President: Mrs. Annick Meurant Members with voice: Mr. Jean-Philippe Brouta Mr. Eric Delay Doctor (veterinary) Marc Lejeune Mr. Alain Mahieu Mr. Marc Wunderlin General Secretary: Mr. Eric Houtrelle Treasurer: Mrs. Micheline Haesen In charge of the stud book office in Belgium: Mr. Marc Wunderlin (Marc.Wunderlin@ec.europa.eu) Address of the General Secretariat: Eric Houtrelle Rue Fond de Bousalle, 29 B- 5300 Andenne Belgium Tel. : +32-472 88 56 75 E-mail of the General Secretariat: info@bpreb.com Website: http://www.bpreb.com Address of the Main Offices: FNB-PRE Rue du Prédécipe, 49 B- 1350 Orp-Jauche Belgium Address of the General Secretary: FNB-PRE Rue Fond de Bousalle, 29 B-5300 Andenne Belgium Tel. : +32-472-88 56 75

CONFORMATIONAL COMPETITION The 7th Belgian Conformational – functional Competition 2007, will be held on the 21st and 22nd July, IN THE CITY OF KAPELLEN, close to Antwerp The judge of the Competition will be Mrs. Consuelo Serres Dalmau. Based on previous events, the attendance of at least 70 horses and 1,500 visitors is expected. Of course, all those breeders from abroad who would like to participate are more than welcome. Currently there are plans for one Spanish stud farm to attend, plus one Exhibitor from Germany. We hope that by the date of the Competition, many more will join them. The facilities where this competition will take place are beautiful. There will also be an equestrian Show and a party, which will liven up the event!

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

171

GERMANY

GERMAN ASSOCIATIÓN Verein der Freunde und Züchter PRE Dear Sirs, We are delighted to inform you that on April 14, 2007, at the Annual Association Meeting, a new Board of Directors was elected, with the following results: President: Mrs. Sabine Bungenberg Vice President: Mrs. Berta Miraballes Treasurer: Mr. Klaus Nahrgang Responsible for Breeding: Mrs. Franziska Weyer Responsible for the Press: Mrs. Sylvia Gumprecht Sports: Mrs. Ursula Georg Secretary: Mrs. Simone Lienert Unfortunately, Mr. Armin Rahn, our President to date, was unable to run for re-election for reasons of time and health. The protocol for registration that you have been sent will not change, as we will follow the same methods as did the previous Commission, whose members will continue to support and collaborate with us.

GUATEMALA

HIPICA 2007: A SUCCESS DEDICATED TO ANCCE The INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL AND CONFORMATIONAL-FUNCTIONAL COMPETITION FOR PUREBRED SPANISH HORSES, HIPICA 2007, held its ninth edition from 19th to 22nd of April this year, at El Cortijo De Las Flores, in Antigua Guatemala. There was a great atmosphere with the best breeders and exhibitors of PRE horses in Guatemala attending the event. It was organized by the GUATEMALAN ASSOCIATION OF PUREBRED SPANISH HORSE BREEDERS, AGCCPRE, and was, for the first time in its history, dedicated to THE NATIONAL PUREBRED SPANISH HORSE BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION OF SPAIN—ANCCE--of the Mother Country: SPAIN. The night of the inauguration cocktail, and in the presence of about one hundred equestrian personalities and representatives from the USA., Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, England, Spain and of course Guatemala, tribute was rendered to THE NATIONAL PUREBRED SPANISH HORSE BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION OF

SPAIN. ANCCE was represented at this event by two of its most representative members, Mr. PEDRO MAZA, the current Vice-president of ANCCE and Mr. ROBERTO FEDERSPIEL, from Costa Rica and the America representative of this wonderful Spanish entity; Mr. JAIME MOLINA, who unfortunately, had to return to Spain. Besides giving thanks for such an honorable dedication, they gave Mr. LUIS FERNANDO PIVARAL, Functioning President of the GUATEMALAN ASSOCIATION OF PUREBRED SPANISH HORSE BREEDERS, AGCCPRE, Mr. ROBERTO MOLL GONZALEZ, President of International Relations and Director, and to Mr. JUAN IGNACIO PEREZ ARRECHEA, President of the Organizing Committee, a commemorative plaque. Also, they received a medal that declares them distinguished guests of Antigua Guatemala from Mr. EDUARDO PRADO, Commander of Antigua Guatemala.

Jaime Recinos Gómez

Yours Sincerely, Sabine Bungenberg President

172

ANCCE

Mr. Robert moll and his wife with the Nicaraguan delegation

www.ancce.com

PRE HISTORY

PRIOR TO THE BIRTH OF A MYTH, THE PUREBRED SPANISH HORSE

The Medieval Cavalry (III) By Juan Carlos Altamirano

The myth of medieval knights and their horses grew out of the songs sung by the minstrels of the time, rather than historical truth. Generally written by the winners, the chronicles provide us with a distorted image of reality

The term “knight” in 12th century vernacular evoked a warrior and did not suggest a high-ranking noble, as many believe. The same holds true in German; the old word was Ritter. In England, the word used was knight, stemming from the old English word cniht, which described an armed pawn rather than a noble

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

173

For centuries, horses were used solely as either a means of transportation or to reach the battlefield in better physical and strategic condition, as once the riders reached the field, they dismounted to fight on the ground

horse: one controlled the horse while the other fought. Thus, while one dismounted, the other remained seated on the horse to facilitate an escape route for both, if need be.

Humanity, as mentioned in other chapters, domesticated horses during the Neolithic period. While the Chinese were already raiding the Caspian Sea region by 4000 BC using horses as transportation, this fact does allow us to assume there existed a cavalry as we know it today. Although some authors have stated that it all began when the first man jumped on the back of a horse, the reality is quite different. Centuries came and went before the contents of dressage were put into writing or equipment, such as stirrups, saddles, spurs, or reins were invented for riders to be able to go to battle in a safe and effective manner. Moreover, the purpose of weapons, which had first evolved

174

ANCCE

for use by the unskilled, would have to change, as would battle tactics. Finally, the concept of the cavalry evolved from a simple aid utilized at the onset of combat to an effective means for battle. In 732, Charles Martel (also known as Charles the Hammer) stopped the advance of the Umayyads in Poitiers with his infantry, which fought against the waves of Moslems that crashed against them in modern day France. For centuries, horses were used solely as either a means of transportation or to reach the battlefield in better physical and strategic condition, as once the riders reached the field, they dismounted to fight on the ground. Later, it became popular to have two riders on a single

The religious symbolism conferred upon the expulsion of Moslems from the Iberian Peninsula by the Church favored the social recognition of knights in re-conquered lands. The mind of the Medieval peasant was filled with the dual concepts of saving Christianity—the religious spirit of their mission—and noble knights. With their tales of heroic deeds, the minstrels found a way to earn a living by emphasizing the almost always over-evaluated virtues of the knights which, for the most part, were imaginary. The symbiosis of knight errant and minstrel provided the impetus for the knightly legend to become myth, favoring fantasy and, once again, the distortion of historical fact. The term “knight” in 12th century vernacular evoked a warrior and did not suggest a high-ranking noble, as many believe. The same holds true in German; the old word was Ritter. In England, the word used was knight, stemming from the old English word cniht, which described an armed pawn rather than a noble. In Spanish, the word caballero refers to both the warrior and the elevation of the meaning to an elite fighter on horseback. Initially, the term knight conferred no other meaning than armed service. It later become so idealized that it became almost mythic, even though, as S. Painter has said, mythic chival-

www.ancce.com

In the first edition of the Royal Dictionary of the Spanish Language, published in 1737, the “jineta” style is defined as: “a way of riding a horse, with legs collected in stirrups similar to the Africans.” However, the term “brida” refers to “(riding) a horse with a pommel on the saddle and long stirrups.” The bottom line is that these names, rather than identifying two different types of training, represent two differentiating riding and fighting styles

ry was never more than a “sweet dream.” The concept of chivalry as we know it today could have originated in the rider-horse combination that was used as a special force in combat. Prior to this, as was mentioned above, it had only been an aid for the infantry that covered lateral posts at the onset of a conflict. One of the first battle systems used in chivalry, effective only when the enemy was also on horseback, was jousting: the knights, dressed in armor, galloped against their enemy, tilting at each other with lances. Once their lances were rendered useless, they continued to fight on the ground with swords. Imposed by the monarchy, this system of battle had two purposes: the first was for the knight to encourage the foot soldiers to continue fighting after he had dismounted and the second was to hinder the retreat of the knight should he find himself in danger. This battle strategy, in which both knight and horse were fitted with armor, established the social differences of the time as, in addition to the high cost of a horse, the knights also wore metal protection. Armor, which evolved even

more than did weapons, was an external symbol that peasants desired, but was only accessible for those with elevated purchasing power, as the cost was equal to that of two or three horses. Although the breastplate did not make the knight invincible, it did grant him advantages in the battlefield; moreover, although knights were a minority within the armed forces, they had fewer casualties than did other units. It was they who generally received the honors of victory, becoming the exclusive receptor of noble tribute and an incipient wealthy middle class. Not only has a distorted vision of chivalry on the battlefield reached us, but the concept of knightly ethics,

too, is mythical. The chronicles and writings (which were generally written by the winners) provide a distorted image of reality that favored the expansion and proliferation of historical mistakes in knightly novels and more or less historical films, in which the objective is to catch the attention of the spectator or reader through manipulating their thoughts and emotions. This mythical view has also affected our understanding of the investiture of knights: the simple act of granting weapons, those included in the orders of the noble Lord, have reached us with ethical and religious connotations. However, the origins of the ceremony were not at all connected to having become a knight but, as sta-

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

175

ted by Jean Flori, were actually related to the coronation of the Frankish Monarchs, which might have begun at the end of the 9th century, prior to the creation of what we know today as knights and chivalry. It was a century later that the investiture appeared, following a profound development in which it was transformed into a ceremony almost exclusively for knights. The objective of this ritual was to endorse the actions of knights in battle and to differentiate them from simple bandits, and by no means was the purpose to recognize or elevate their social status. The Church, which initially refused to honor the religious character of the event, had qualms about requesting

176

ANCCE

help from barbarian knights when it felt threatened. The cavalry gained importance in the 10th century, when it became utilized as a means to alleviate possible barbarity at war (death, rape, mutilation, etc.) which, in many cases, turned against them. Religion permeated the investiture through embedding religious rituals into the concept of a warrior - the same religious rituals that had been so successful for monarchs. With the passing of time, these became unnecessary as nobility became inherited, transitioning from an almost royal institution to a simple protocol for the sons of noblemen. Likewise, royal dispensation allowed commoners to be invested in times of need. This happened quite frequently, as monarchs would overlook protocol norms to have as many warriors as possible at hand during times of possible military confrontation. In come cases, this honor was granted after a battle in compensation for fidelity and having been a good warrior. From that point onward, the Church differentiated between just and unjust wars. Just wars were those that defended the unarmed: women, children, the defenseless and,

of course, the Church itself. Later, war was used for more self-serving reasons with the promise of forgiveness of sins for those knights who had made undue use of their weapons. Penitence, the concept of which also evolved over time, no longer consisted of going on pilgrimage to Jerusalem without weapons, but was instead to use those weapons against the Saracens in defense of the Church, thus achieving greater significance during the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula. It was then that the two different methods of fighting on horseback appeared, demonstrating two different styles of riding, known as “jineta” and “brida”. In the first edition of the Royal Dictionary of the Spanish Language, published in 1737, the “jineta” style is defined as: “a way of riding a horse, with legs collected in stirrups similar to the Africans.” However, the term “brida” refers to “(riding) a horse with a pommel on the saddle and long stirrups.” These definitions, repeated in latter editions of the dictionary, differentiated the two styles only by the length of the stirrup leathers. Nevertheless, it is possible that the actual definition was written by individuals with little to do with the equestrian world, as the length of the stirrup leather was not the only difference between the two riding styles. The difference between both styles lies in other aspects, such as the use of the bridle, type of saddle, curb bit and spurs. The bottom line is that these names, rather than identifying two different types of training, represent two differentiating riding and fighting styles. Interestingly, centuries later, these two variations became known as Doma Vaquera and Spanish High School. This latter, Spanish High School, is based on “brida” and founded on the studies of the classical Greeks. One of the most outstanding classical Greek horsemen was Xenophon; his teachings proliferated throughout the Renaissance, and were one of the main reasons why King Phillip II, as we will see in future chapters, launched his project on November 28th, 1567, which would lead to the creation of the Purebred Spanish Horse.

www.ancce.com

FROM NEWSPAPER ARCHIVES

7KH 'LI¿FXOW 7RSLF RI 0DUNHWLQJ 2Q YDULRXV RFFDVLRQV GXULQJ *HQHUDO $VVHPEOLHV RU %RDUG RI 'LUHFWRU PHHWLQJV VRPH RI WKH PHPEHUV KDYH VXJJHVWHG WKDW LV ZRXOG EH XVHIXO LI WKH $VVRFLDWLRQ WRRN RQ IXQFWLRQV DV D PDUNHWLQJ RI¿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¿OOHG DQG WKH RWKHU M ZKLFK LV XS WR QRZ RQO\ D GHVLUH 6HFWLRQ F VWDWHV ³3URPRWH WKH H[SRUWDWLRQ RI 3XUHEUHG 6SDQLVK +RUVHV SURPRWLQJ WKH RSHQLQJ RI PDUNHWV DV ZHOO DV SURYLGLQJ DQG REWDLQLQJ IURP WKH $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ DV PDQ\ UHSRUWV DV DUH QHFHV VDU\ WR DFKLHYH WKLV HQG ´ $V IDU DV WKLV VHFWLRQ LV FRQFHUQHG WKH $VVRFLDWLRQ KDV FRPSOLHG ZLWK WKH PDQGDWHV H[SUHVV WKHUHLQ E\ SDUWLFLSDWLQJ WZLFH SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ WKH (TXHVWULDQ )DLU LQ 3DULV DQG LQ WKH $JULFXOWXUDO 7UDGH 6KRZ E\ SXEOLVKLQJ OHDÀHWV WKDW KDYH EHHQ ZLGHO\ GLVWULEXWHG E\ HGLWLQJ DQG GLVWULEXWLQJ RI WKLV EXOOHWLQ $V FRQVHTXHQFH RI DOO WKLV VLVWHU DVVRFLDWLRQV KDYH EHHQ IRXQGHG LQ )UDQFH 0H[LFR *XD WHPDOD DQG &RVWD 5LFD²ORJLFDOO\ WKHVH KDYH QRW DSSHDUHG WKDQNV WR VSRQWDQHRXV JHQHUDWLRQ 7KH VLVWHU $VVRFLDWLRQV DUH WKH UHDO RSHQLQJ RI WKH PDUNHWV UHIHUUHG WR LQ WKH E\ ODZV 7KH RWKHU VHFWLRQ²L ²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³XQZLOOLQJ LPSDU WLDOLW\ ´ DV WKHUH ZLOO DOZD\V EH VRPH EUHHGHUV ZLWK EHWWHU KRUVHV WKDQ RWKHUV DQG LI WKH SRWHQWLDO FOLHQW LV OHDQLQJ WRZDUGV WKH IRUPHU ZH ZRXOG KDYH LQ WKH H\HV RI HYHU\RQH VRPH FOLHQWV WKDW ZHUH SUHIHUUHG DQG RWKHUV WKDW ZHUH GLVUHJDUGHG $QRWKHU DVSHFW RI SURPRWLQJ KRUVHV LV WKH JDWKHULQJV DQG FRPSHWLWLRQV 0RUHRYHU LW FDQ EH VDLG WKDW WKLV LV WKH LGHDO VLWXDWLRQ DFFRPSDQLHG E\ VXI¿FLHQW SXEOLFLW\ LQ WKH PHGLD WR DWWUDFW SRWHQWLDO SXUFKDVHUV +RZHYHU WR GR WKDW LW LV QHFHVVDU\ WR LQFUHDVH WKH ¿QDQFLQJ RI WKH $VVRFLDWLRQ

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

177

The Various Paces Of The Horse And Their Peculiarities In The Spanish Country Dressage Speech given during the workshop for Equestrian Competition Judges on the October 31, 1978 by Mr. Alvaro Domecq y Diez

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Â³7R \RX DOOÂ´ , VD\ LQ P\ GHGLFDWLRQ Â³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Â´ $V \RX FDQ VHH \RX KDYH LQYLWHG PH WR WDON DERXW VRPHWKLQJ DV GLV WDQW LQ P\ PHPRULHV RI P\ ILUVW \HDUV DV D ULGHU EHFDXVH GLVWDQW WKH\ DUH HYHU\ WLPH , UHPHPEHU WKHP , \HDUQ IRU WKHP MXVW OLNH P\ ILUVW ORYH OLNH P\ ILUVW NLVV , UHPHPEHU WKDW DW WKDW WLPH , XQGHUVWRRG WKDW WKLV GUHVVDJH ZDV RQO\ LQ WKH ILHOGV 7KHUH ZDV QRW D VLQJOH ZULWWHQ ZRUG DERXW WKH OLIH DQG WKH WLPHV RI ZKLFK , ZLOO EH UHODWLQJ OLYLQJ DQHFGRWHV DERXW JRRG JDURRFKLVWDV PHQ ZKR ZLHOG WKH JDUURFKD DQG ULGHUV ZKR OHIW WKHLU PDUN RQ WKH PHPRULHV RI KLVWRU\ DQG , ZLOO WHOO \RX DERXW 3ROHUR +D]DxD 3LFKyQ -RVHOLWR 9LFHQWH 5RPHUR ,JQDFLR 6iQFKH] 0HMLDV DERXW WKH SLFDGRU PDQ ZKR KHOSV WKH EXOOILJKWHU LQ WKH ULQJ DQG WKH EXOOILJKWHU DERXW 3HSH HO $OJDEHxR WKH 0LXUDV DERXW WKH H[FHOOHQFH RI VRPH DQG WKH VDYDJHU\ RI RWKHUV DERXW WKH V\PERO RI GUHVVDJH DQG DERXW WKH JRRG ULGHUV RI WKH ILHOGV , UHPHPEHU RQFH , ZDV WDONLQJ LQ 0DULEixH] , ZDV VWLOO D ER\ DO WKRXJK DOPRVW RI WKH DJH DW ZKLFK PRVW DQ\RQH DQ\ZKHUH FDQ YRWH 0\ FRQYHUVDWLRQ ZDV ZLWK $QWRQLR 0LXUD IDWKHU RI (GZDUG WKH

178

ANCCE

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Â³)UHH PH GHDU *RG IURP WKH GUHVVDJH DQG WKH ULGHU RI WKH ILHOGV Â´ %RWLQ ZDV D JRRG ULGHU EXW D JRRG ULGH ZKR ZDV XQDEOH WR WUDLQ D KRUVH LQ WKH ILHOGV WKH W\SH WKDW LV VHQVLWLYH DQG KDV D PHWKRG EXW WKDW ODFN DGDSWDWLRQ DQG WKH FXVWRP RI ULGLQJ WKURXJK WKH ILHOGV WKH W\SH WKDW IDLOV WR DGDSW WKHLU EDODQFH %HFDXVH \RX QHYHU FKHFN RXW D ERRN ZKHQ LW FRPHV WR GRXEWV DERXW FRXQWU\ GUHVVDJH UDWKHU LW LV SHUIRUPHG EDVHG RQ WUDGLWLRQ DQG FXVWRP ,Q WKRVH WLPHV RI P\ FRQYHUVDWLRQV ZKLFK VWDUWHG LQ 0DULEix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Â³P\ RQO\ ERRN ZDV WKH KRUVH Â´ 1HYHUWKHOHVV LI \RX UHYLHZ WKH KLVWRU\ RI GUHVVDJH LW ZDV DOZD\V OLNH WKDW DWWHPSWV RSLQLRQV DQG FRQWUDULHV 7KXV OLWWOH E\ OLWWOH WKH HTXL WDWLRQ RI WRGD\ KDV EHHQ IRUPHG ,Q WKH ILHOGV , FRQIHVV LW LV ORVLQJ LWV FODVVLFDOQHVV DQG , KDYH WR VD\ WKDW , HYHQ IHDU IRU LW EHFDXVH LW LV QRZ WR\LQJ ZLWK WKH VWHSV IRUZDUG LQ WRGD\Â¶V GUHVVDJHÂ²PDUYHORXV IRU WKH LQGLYLGXDO WUDLQLQJ RI WKH KRUVH IRU H[KLELWLRQV EXW DOZD\V LQ PDQ\ FDVHV IDU UHPRYHG IURP WKH SDFHV WKDW DUH FRUUHFW IRU DQG H[FOX sive to the fields. , ZLOO UHDG \RX VRPHWKLQJ WKDW , ZURWH D ZKLOH DJR LQ WKH SURORJXH WR Â³3LFDGHUR 5HDO Â´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

www.ancce.com

JUHDW DUWLVWV EXW WKH EUXWH IRUFH RI D EXOO LV DOVR YHU\ FOHDU DV DUH WKH IDPRXV FXUE ELWV WKDW KDOW WKH PLQGOHVV UXVKHV RI EXOOV DQG KRUVHV , VWDUWHG WR ZRUU\ , ZDV DQ[LRXV WR OHDUQ DQG WR UHDG , IHOW WKDW P\ KDQGV DQG P\ OHJV FDUHVVHG DW WKH VDPH WLPH GHPDQGHG VXEPLVVLRQ XQLRQ DQG VWUHQJWK²WKDW LV ZKHQ , FDPH DFURVV 3OXYLQHO $W WKDW WLPH , GRQ¶W NQRZ ZKHWKHU , XQGHUVWRRG KLP EXW , GR NQRZ WKDW , VHULRXVO\ WKRXJKW RI IROORZLQJ KLV V\VWHP JRLQJ VWHS E\ VWHS 7KDW LV ZKHUH WKH VLJQ LQ P\ VWDEOHV FDPH ³7DNLQJ \RXU WLPH LV WKH JXDUDQWHH WKDW \RX ZLOO JHW WKHUH TXLFNO\ ´ (TXHVWULDQ DUW RI DQFLHQW *UHHFH LV NQRZQ IURP WKH ILUVW ZULWLQJV RI ;HQRSKRQ %& ,W ZDV D SDUWLFXODUO\ EULOOLDQW HUD WKDW VXEVHTXHQ WO\ GLVDSSHDUHG IRU FHQWXULHV ,W GLVDSSHDUHG DW OHDVW IRU WKRVH ZKR VRXJKW WR UHVHDUFK WKH ZULWLQJV RI ODWHU FHQWXULHV %XW DW WKDW WLPH ;HQRSKRQ VDLG WKDW WKH UHZDUG DQG SXQLVKPHQW RI WKH KRUVH ZDV WKH EDVLV RI HTXHVWULDQ DUW , GRQ¶W NQRZ ZKDW VR PDQ\ ULGHUV VLQFH WKHQ DQG XQWLO QRZ XQGRXEWHGO\ WKRXJKW EXW , GR ZDQW DQG PXVW LQ WKH SURORJXH RI WKLV PDUYHORXV ERRN QRWH WKH GLVWLQFW RSLQLRQV DQG HUDV DV ZHUH WKH ULGHUV GLVWLQFW ZKR PDGH WKHP IDPRXV 3OXYLQHO ±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³:KHQ , QRWLFHG , DEDQGRQHG WKH PDMRULW\ RI )LJQDWHOOL¶V UXOHV WKH *UHDWHVW 0DVWHU RI HTXHVWULDQ DUW ZLWK ZKRP , VWXGLHG IRU VL[ \HDUV $OO URDGV OHDG WR 5RPH EXW RQO\ RQH LV WKH EHVW WKH VKRUWHVW ´ <HW WKH DWWLWXGH DGRSWHG LQ RWKHU WLPHV ZDV FXULRXV WKLV FRQVLVWHG LQ VLQJLQJ WKH SUDLVHV RI /D %URXH GHVSLWH KLV LQFUHGLEOH EUXWDOLW\ PHDQZKLOH 3OXYLQHO ZDV PRFNHG HVSHFLDOO\ ZKHQ KH H[SHFWHG WR REWDLQ SRVLWLYH UHVXOWV IURP DQ DQLPDO WKURXJK NLQGQHVV +RZHYHU 3OXYLQHO¶V WHDFKLQJV ILQDOO\ SUHYDLOHG 7KHUH ZDV D SRVLWLYH FKDQJH LQ HTXHVWULDQ DUW LQ )UDQFH DQG WKLV VHW WKH VFHQH IRU /D *XHULQLHUq ZKR KDG D JUHDW GHDO RI LQIOXHQFH LQ WKH IROORZLQJ FHQWXU\ :LWK PXFK MXVWLFH D IHOORZ FLWL]HQ RI 3OXYLQHO VXEVHTXHQWO\ FRQILUPHG WKDW KLV RSLQLRQV ZHUH H[DFW DQG XQGHUVWDQGDEOH DQG WKDW WKH\ FRXOG IRUP WKH EDVLV RI WKH PDQXDOV RI WKH SUHVHQW DQG WKH IXWXUH 1R GRXEW D JUHDW GHDO RI DWWHQWLRQ PXVW EH JLYHQ WR WKH FRQYHUVDWLRQV WKDW 3OXYLQHO KDG ZLWK WKH NLQJ SHUKDSV OHVV SURIRXQG EXW QRW ODF NLQJ LQ LQWHUHVW $V KH VDLG ³, KDYH QHYHU REVHUYHG WKDW \RX FDQ RE WDLQ ZKDWHYHU \RX ZDQW WKH KRUVH WR XQGHUVWDQG E\ IRUFH 7KHUHIRUH VXFK LV WKH OHVVRQ \RX PXVW GHGXFH IURP KLV WUDLQLQJ GR LW JHQWO\ D OLWWOH DW D WLPH EXW RIWHQ ´

0HGLWDWLQJ RQ WKLV FRPPHQW E\ 3OXYLQHO DV ZHOO DV RQ RWKHU VLPLODU FRPPHQWV IURP FHQWXULHV DJR ZRXOG HQDEOH PDQ\ ULGHUV WR OHDYH WKH EDG URDGV DORQJ ZKLFK WKH\ KDYH EHFRPH ORVW WKXV SUHIHUULQJ UHDVRQ WR WKH XVH RI IRUFH ³%H JLYHQ WR UHZDUG DQG PLVHU ZLWK WKH ZKLS ´ VDLG 3OXYLQHO 'RQ¶W IRUJHW WKDW RXU KRUVH WKLV OR\DO FRPSDQLRQ LQ OLIH ZKLFK FDQ JLYH XV VR PXFK SOHDVXUH VKRXOG DOZD\V EH RXU IULHQG and never our slave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¶W NQRZ LI ZH FDQ DJUHH RQ LW ZKHQ ZH FDQ¶W HYHQ DJUHH RQ WKH QDPH 6SDQLVK FRXQWU\ GUHVVDJH , EHOLHYH WKDW RXU YDTXHURV GRQ¶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

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

179

ILHOG KRUVH XQIRUWXQDWHO\ RQ RFFDVLRQV DFKLHYHV LWV EDODQFH E\ IRUFH DQG RQ RWKHUV YHU\ VHOGRP DOVR XQIRUWXQDWHO\ E\ DUW DQG WKLV LV RQO\ natural. ,Q QDWXUDO DQG FODVVLFDO GUHVVDJH EDODQFH LV DFKLHYHG ZKLOH UHVSHFWLQJ WKH KRUVHÂ¶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Â²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Â¶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

180

ANCCE

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Â¶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Â¶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

www.ancce.com

LW EHWWHU UHVROYHV WKH HDUO\ SUREOHPV WKH UHDFWLRQV RI WKH \RXQJ KRUVHV DQG WKH LQVHFXULWLHV RI WKH ULGHUV 2I FRXUVH LW ZDV WKH FXVWRP RI WKH ULGHUV LQ WKH ILHOGV WR PDNH RXW WKDW WKH\ ZHUH WKH PRVW GHFLGHG DQG EUDYH 'XH WR WKLV WKH UHDFWLRQV RI WKH KRUVHV QHYHU XSVHW WKH ULGHUV LQ ³VKRUW FRDWV ´ ,W LV IURP KHUH WKDW WKH IDFW DULVHV WKDW ZKHQ D ILHOG KRU VH ZDV WUDLQHG LW ZRXOG KDYH EHHQ WKH PRVW VXEPLVVLYH RI DOO WUDLQLQJ LQ WKH HTXHVWULDQ ZRUOG 6SDQLVK ODGLHV KDYH DOZD\V ULGGHQ RQ WKH EDFNV RI ILHOG KRUVHV LQ DOPRVW DOO WKH DUHQDV RI 6SDLQ RQ WKHP WKH ODG\ LV VDIHU DQG PRUH VHFXUH 2XU FKLOGUHQ DW WKH WHQGHU DJH RI RU JDOORSHG ORRVH LQ WKH FRXQWU\VLGH RQ WKH KDFNV WUDLQHG E\ WKH YDTXHURV 6DIHW\ DQG VHFXULW\ FDQQRW EH DWWDLQHG ZLWK DQ\ RI WRGD\¶V GUHVVDJH QR PDWWHU ZKDW WKH DJH RI WKH KRUVH ZKDWHYHU WKHLU WUDLQLQJ KDV EHHQ :LWK WKLV ZH FDQ FRQILUP WKDW DW OHDVW LQ 'RPD 9DTXHUD WKH KRUVH LV DOZD\V RU DOPRVW DOZD\V PRUH VXEPLVVLYH RU ZKDW LV WKH VDPH LW LV HGXFDWHG WKH ROG IDVKLRQHG ZD\ ZLWK DOO WKH GHIHFWV RI WKH DQFLHQW HGXFDWLRQ EXW ZLWK OHVV SUREOHPV WKDQ WKRVH RI WRGD\ 3HUKDSV ZH KDG QRZ EHWWHU UHWUDLQ SHUKDSV QRZ LV WKH PRPHQW WR GR VR LQ WKH ZD\ WKDW LW KDV EHHQ GRQH WKURXJKRXW WKH DJHV DV 3OXYLQHO VDLG FKRRVH WKH KRUVH WKDW LV VXLWDEOH IRU HDFK WKLQJ IRU 'RPD 9DTXHUD D KDFN EHFDXVH ZKHQ FRPSDULQJ EHWZHHQ WKH 'RPD 9DTXHUD RI \HVWHU\HDU DQG WKDW RI WRGD\ WKHUH LV DQ HVVHQWLDO GLIIHUHQ FH 3UHYLRXVO\ 'RPD 9DTXHUD ZDV WUXH FRXQWU\ GUHVVDJH 7KH VKRUWHU KRUVHV GLGQ¶W NQRZ DQ\WKLQJ RWKHU WKDQ WR ZDON RSHQ JDWHV LQ WKH FRXQWU\VLGH UXQ WKH FDOYHV LQWR WKHLU FRUUDOV JDOORS RQO\ RQ WKH ULJKW UHLQ DV ZDV WKH FXVWRP WR DLG WKH WKURZLQJ RI WKH VWHHUV DQG WR QRW PDNH LW HDV\ IRU WKHP WR FKDQJH DQG JR WR WKH OHIW DQG WKH PRVW RULJL QDO DQG W\SLFDO RI WKLV GUHVVDJH VXGGHQ VWRSV DQG VWDUWV WXUQLQJ VKDU SO\ RYHU WKH KLQG OHJV ZLWK WKLV PDUYHORXV ORZ ZLOOLQJQHVV ZLWK WKLV EDODQFH RYHU WKH KLQG OHJV DOZD\V ORZ DQG VORZ DQG UHOD[HG ZKLFK RQO\ WKH SULYLOHJHG ULGHUV RI WKLV GUHVVDJH NQHZ KRZ WR SHUIRUP 7RGD\ ZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI WKH 7KRURXJKEUHG WKH FODVVLFLVP YDULHV WKH QHFNV DUH PRUH VWUHWFKHG WKH EDODQFH DLPV WR EH PRUH DFDGHPLF WKH KLQG OHJV FDQ GR LQYHUVH SLURXHWWHV WKH IRUHOHJV FKDQJH DW WKH VDPH WLPH DV WKH KLQG OHJV LQ WKH IO\LQJ FKDQJHV WKH WXUQV KDYH ORVW WKHLU WHPSR DQG DV WKH ILQDO VWUDZ KLJK VFKRRO KDV EHHQ LQWURGXFHG DQG WKLV LV DSSUHFLDWHG LQ FRXQWU\ GUHVVDJH DV ZHOO 3HUKDSV WKLV YDULDWLRQ RI VW\OH EHWZHHQ WKH GUHVVDJH RI \HVWHU\HDU DQG WKDW RI WRGD\ FDQ UHVRO YH WKH SUREOHP RI WKH QDPH 7KDW RI \HVWHU\HDU ZDV 'RPD 9DTXHUD ZKLOH WKDW RI WRGD\ LV 6SDQLVK &RXQWU\ 'UHVVDJH 3HUKDSV LQ WKLV ZD\ E\ PDNLQJ D GLVWLQFWLRQ ZH FDQ OHDYH WR PHPRU\ WKH XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI D FODVVLFDO GUHVVDJH WKDW FRXOG GXH WR LWV FODVVLFLVP ORVH PHULW LQ WKH KLVWRULFDO PHPRU\ D KLVWRULFDO PHPRU\ WKDW ZH ZDQW WR DEROLVK WKHVH GD\V ZLWKRXW UHDVRQ RU MXVWLILFDWLRQ

$QWRQLR 'LD] PHQWLRQHG WKDW GD\ ZKHQ ³$UUHPSXMD´ D \HDUOLQJ ZKL FK ODWHU NLOOHG DV D JURZQ EXOO LQ WKH %LOEDR )DLU ZLWK WKH QDPH $UPLOOLWD ,JQDFLR 6i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¶V VKRUW WDLO²LW ZDV VKRUW EXW QRW EREEHG WR UHPDLQ XQGHU HGJH IRU VRPH WLPH²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³:KHQ WKH \HDUV KDYH H[KDXVWHG PH DQG , DP GHELOLWDWHG DQG FOXPV\ GRQ¶W FRQGHPQ PH WR D VORZ GHDWK IURP KXQJHU %H P\ MXGJH RK P\ ULGHU DQG NLOO PH \RXUVHOI ZLWK ORYH VR WKDW , QHHG QRW VXIIHU XVHOHVVO\ ´ 6HYLOOD 2FWREHU * Garrocha is a long, slender, 13 foot, wooden pole ** Chivata is a young sapling pulled out of the ground. Once the bark has been shaved off and the roots burned to form a ball shape at the bottom, it is used as an extremely long walking stick by herdsmen. *** Acoso y derribo is a term used when working with fighting bulls. To chase the young bulls and force them to trip and fall in order to see their spirit and stamina and to assess their potential for future fighting.

$QWRQLR 0LXUD OHIW PH WKURXJK KLV VRQ (GXDUGR KLV QRWHV KLV ERRN DERXW WKLV GUHVVDJH ,Q P\ ERRN , ZLOO WHOO \RX RI WKH ZULWLQJV KH OHIW +H VWDUWHG WR PDNH WKHVH FRQVLGHUDWLRQV²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xHUR D 7KRURXJKEUHG KRUVH WKDW ZDV GLIILFXOW IRU DQ\ ULGHU EXW QRW IRU 0U 'LD]

July - August 2007 / El Caballo Español

181

Breeders’ Magazine

El Caballo ANCCE ASOCIACIÓN NACIONAL de CRIADORES The de CABALLOS de PURA RAZA ESPAÑOLA (Purebred Spanish Horse Breeders’ Association of Spain ) ANCCE-Cortijo de Cuarto (Viejo) 41014 Sevilla Telf.: 954 68 92 60 – Fax: 954 69 03 27 www.ancce.com - ancce@ancce.com ANCCE Libro Genealógico (Stud Book) Nuevo Torneo Empresarial Avenida de la Astronomía, S/N. Torre 3 Planta 9ª Oficina 5 Sevilla Telf.: 954 97 54 80 – 954 35 39 89 www. lgpreancce.com Advertising: Srta. Inmaculada Rodríguez Telf: 954 68 92 60 revista@ancce.com

Edition and distribution: 4,000 bilingual issues for Purebred Spanish Horse breeders and aficionados all over the world, as well as to offices of interest such as: Spanish Embassies, ICEX Offices, Tourism of Spain, etc...

Español

Purebred Spanish Horse magazine since 1978

Publication Dates: Issue

Publication Date

1/07

16/02/2007

2/07

02/05/2007

3/07

01/07/2007

4/07

01/09/2007

5/07

01/11/2007

6/07

02/01/2008

If there is a delay exceeding 5 days, from the publication date, the advertisement will be free of charge.

Coverage: P.R.E. breeders and aficionados throughout the world, several copies will be distributed to each of the existent breeders’ associations, for them to redistribute to their members.

2007 Prices

Frequency:

Type

Bimonthly, 6 issues per year Reader loyalty Mailed directly to the home, thus guaranteeing the loyalty and continuity of the readers, at the same time as making it easier to access the publication. Discounts: 20% to breeder-members, when their own company is not advertised 5% to associate members, not applicable to the publicity-report of stud farms because this is exclusive to breeder-members. An additional 10% for contracting publicity in 3 issues per year. An additional 5% for contracting publicity in 6 issues per year. PUBLICITY-REPORT: 3 pages about the stud farm, illustrated with photos. Limited to one per issue.

182

ANCCE

General Price €

Price to Breeders €

Inside page

950

760

Double page

1,950

1,560

Inside Front cover

1,250

1,000

Inside Back cover

1,150

920

Back cover

1,500

1,200

Half page

600

480

Quarter page

400

320

Flap/Column

200

160

Short Advertisement (Block) Publicity-report

100

2,750

2,200

VAT 16% is not included

Page size: 210*285 mm Agency discount: 10%

www.ancce.com

COBRA DE A 5, CAMPEONA DE ESPAÑA SICAB 2006