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● The Hidden Face of Humans (pg. 4 - 6) ● The Societal Tendency Toward Class Stratification (pg. 7 - 8) ● “Naive, The Problem Of Humanity” (pg. 8 - 11) ● The Abuse of Language as Instrumental to the Abuse of Power (pg. 11 - 13) ● Personification of human's evil (pg. 13 - 15) ● Power and Intellect: Synonyms? (pg. 16 - 18)
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THEMES ● ● ● ●
The Exploitation of Animals by Humans The Societal Tendency Toward Class Stratification The Danger of a Naïve Working Class The Abuse of Language as Instrumental to the Abuse of Power ● Corruption ● The Failure of Intellect
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The Hidden Face of Humans
By: Andres Henriquez
“For as long as men massacre animals, they will kill each other. Indeed, he who sows the seed of murder and pain cannot reap joy and love.” Pythagoras (2018). In the mid of the 21st century, there are a lot of threads that warn us as a society. Huge examples can be Abortion, Consume of Drugs, and more. But there is one that excels over the others, which is Exploitation of animals. This according to the Humane Society of the United States (N.D) “encompasses a range of behaviors harmful to animals, from neglect to malicious killing”. Explotation of animals is a theme that is treated as a superficial subject, however this topic covers many sub themes such as slavery, forced work, etc. For this reason, we are going to compare these types of situations in the novel Animal Farm. Aforementioned, that book talks about animals which refused to continue to condone humans cruel actions against them. They feel their rights as living things were kept out, and a rebellion began, which was the first step of a huge adventure that concludes in the destruction of themselves. With the book already explained, let’s pass to the correlations between the novel written by George Orwell and animal abuse. First of all, let’s talk a little bit about the exploitation of animals. As I already mentioned, abuse of animals is a topic which is “harmless” for us, so because of that, we decided to doesn’t pay attention to how we treat the other species. During the past years this was a controversial theme because there were humans which were in contrast to how humans treat other species as food, experiments, etc. however as they were only few people that were in contrast to this they were taken as a rebellion and many of them are now in jail. As Elliot Douglas state in his article “Thousands protest against animal testing”
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“Around 13,000 people attended a demonstration in the German city of Hamburg on Saturday to protest against animal testing. The demonstration was organized amid fears of animal abuse in a nearby facility.”. This shows the affection some people have with animals, and how they care for them without causing them any damage. Subsequently, Exploitation of animals is not only making them work, but also doesn't taking care of them. George Orwell states in his novel Animal Farm “The men had milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without bothering to feed the animals.”. In this phrase we can observe that Mr. Jones, who was the owner of the farm and the owner of all the animals, hired some farmers to take care of the animals, however they forgot to feed the animals, so we can deduce that Orwell try here to explain the connection humans had with the animals also tried to explain that humans treat other species as they were only for making benefits for us and for experiments. Also, Orwell in his novel Animal Farm decided to replace humans and represent them as humans because we can relate slavery in the past years, and exploitation of animals. “Slavery refers to a condition in which individuals are owned by others, who control where they live and at what they work” Holark Gyur (2009), and basically thats how humans treat other species; as trash. As Orwell writes in his novel Animal Farm “When Mr. Jones got back and immediately went to sleep on the drawing−room sofa with the News of the World over his face, so that when evening came, the animals were still unfed. At last they could stand it no longer. One of the cows broke in the door of the store−shed with her horn and all the animals began to help themselves from the bins.”. This basically shows how the animals that were represented as humans got tired of being ignored, and that they want freedom and stop being abused. Additionally, Orwell in his novel tried to show us how humans force the animals to work by making them produce benefits for us. As already stated this is because citizens don't care about other species than them. According to what George Orwell said in his novel Animal Farm “"Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food
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as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty.”. What Orwell tried to show in this line was that animals are threatened as trash, and they don’t have freedom to do with their lives what they want. Also, is talking about how humans use animals for their benefits. Finally, humans continue abusing the animals and this is going to end in a tragic final for us taking into account that we need animals to eat, drink, etc. however they do as if it was not going to pass, and continue ignoring it. As Alessandra Potenza states in his article “The world's biodiversity has decreased below 'safe' levels” “Their model revealed that, globally, biodiversity has fallen on average to 84.6 percent of what it was before people changed the landscape. If new species are accounted for, the average loss is at 88 percent.”. This shows that during the past years humans had been forgetting what is happening with animals and they keep using them and treating them as garbage. In conclusion, this concern has to be taken more seriously if we wanna keep biodiversity on Earth such as is shown in the book Animal Farm, and humans also have to realize what they are doing with biodiversity on the planet because if humans continue as they are now then this problem will be more serious than now. References: 1. Orwell, G (1945). Animal Farm. England. 2. Humane Society (2020). Animal cruelty and neglect FAQ. What is animal cruelty?. Retrieved from: https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/animal-cruelty-and-neglectfaq#:~:text=Animal%20cruelty%20encompasses%20a%20range,from%20neglect%20to %20malicious%20killing.&text=Intentional%20cruelty%20can%20run%20the,mutilating %20or%20killing%20an%20animal. 3. Douglas, E (2019). Hamburg: Thousands protest against animal testing. Retrieved from: https://www.dw.com/en/hamburg-thousands-protest-against-animal-testing/a51279722 4. Gyur, H (2009). What is Slavery?. Retrieved from: http://abolition.e2bn.org/slavery_40.html#:~:text=Slavery%20refers%20to%20a %20condition,and%20Aztecs%20all%20had%20slaves. 5. Potenza, A (2016). The world's biodiversity has decreased below 'safe' levels. Retrieved from: https://www.theverge.com/2016/7/14/12189728/biodiversity-decreasingbelow-safe-levels-species-extinction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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The Societal Tendency Toward Class Stratification By: Samuel Trillos Societies have tendencies, some they can be violent create their own governments or empires but most of the societies tend to use class stratification a method used by society which consists in separating people for their amount of resources or possessions for example the highest class has all the resources and the lowest class works for the highest class and has a little amount of resources, higher classes have most of the power because they control the resources which lower classes need this system makes the society work having a select group controlling resources so now that is explained how is this shown in the animal farm book? Well in the book we can clearly see class stratification which manifests in 3 parts the first part is the high class which is represented by pigs in the animal farm. Pigs are the smartest they no how to read and write and are smart enough to run a business such as the farm and create rules to run it they where the highest rank in the animal farm., being like politics controlling the farm,they were so smart that in the epilogue years later they were almost like humans. The animals with a mild level of intelligence which were the mid class were suspicious of the actions of pigs but, they didnt do anything because they knew that if they opposed pigs will punish them which was a wise option these semi intelligent animals showed signs of knowing how to read but, they were not that smart to run the farm or oppose to the pigs. And the third class animals where the dumb ones, such as cows and horses wich where like subordinates to the wealthier animals their low intellect made them not question the orders So, that made them the perfect workers or subordinates for pigs. So, how can this be compared to reality? Well in the real society people are divided by classes which represent the amount of resources they have or can purchase, which makes the people with more resources have the power and the people with less resources work for the high class people to get resources from them. The animal farm is really like a new society in development because the habitants in this case the animals, felt abused or exploited by the farmer who was like their leader so, eventually the animals will get tired of the farmer and will try to make a revolution which works and pigs being the most intelligent animals take the lead of the farm and animals this can be compared to real society because in many places there are
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revolutions tyranny and class separation in this case. As a conclusion this article explores how the animals in animal farm represent real life society. The animals have social classes which divide depending on the level of intelligence being the pigs the most intelligent to the point that they were more similar to humans at the end of the book also they were animals how showed certain grade of intelligence who decided to obey the pigs and not to question their actions in order to avoid a possible punishment for the animals who opposed. Finally the animals with no intelligence were like subordinates for the highest class where the pigs due to their low level of intelligence the case of animal farm is similar to real life which has social classes in which the one with most of the resources controls the inferior classes. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
“Naive, The Problem Of Humanity�
By: Richard Cure
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“Complete honesty has nothing to do with 'purity' or naivety. The full truth is unattainable to naivety, and the completely honest artist is not pure in heart.� Clement Greenberg. Naiveness has been known to be a problem that affects people in nowadays society in many ways, either causing conflicts, lack of knowledge,
alteration
of
events, etc. this problem is shown in the novel Animal Farm, written by George Orwell. Which narrates the story of a farm where the animals
begin
to
rebel
against their owners and try to form their own way of government.
This
book
shows in another way a study of the set of experiences and way of talking of the Russian Revolution. Which makes a simile and personification on the rise of socialism told as a fiction animated story. And throughout the novel, it has been shown the lackness of knowledge of the animals that took control of the farm. The objective of this article is to explain how dangerous it is that Naive people take control of the tasks that can sustain a society.
First of all, the book Animal Farm is a book that can offer a very detailed and expressive analysis of the advancements of class oppression and the human propensity to always makeup and structure different types of social classes depending on the type of government. In the novel, it is clearly evidenced how classes that are at first bound together even with a shared adversary, as the creatures are against the people, may turn out that they might not have any purpose nor organization after their same enemy is wiped out, or they might make a new type of ruling without every organization. However, Orwell does not explain in any part of the book whether this negative situation
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affects any intrinsic part of society or just a result dependent upon the honesty of a general public's intellectuals.
During the reading of the book, the audience may notice a very obvious conflict between 2 characters of the book, Snowball and Napoleon. The battle for superiority between Leon Trotsky and Stalin arises in the competition between both of these pigs but is shown as 2 pigs fighting for the power of the farm. Since these 2 historical characters had their political fights to make sure that their ideas were applied in the Russian government, In both the authentic and anecdotal cases, the optimistic however less incredible in a political way figure of Snowball(which is shown as Trotsky) is ousted from the progressive state by the malignant and brutal high intensity of Napoleon(which is shown as Stalin). In the end, this rivalry had as a result of the almost total failure of the new government of animal farms, since they both were blinded on the Naiveness of power. Additionally, the communist ideas of the characters that are shown in the book reflect the thoughts of the author of the book George Orwell; and how he shows a communist society full of Naives will not go anywhere further but to ruin. The book makes its most remarkable incongruities at the times where Orwell portrays the debasement of Animalist beliefs by people with great influence. With this, he is showing that the animals think that humans are the ones guilty for their actions and how they abused them, but they don't see that the real problem is actually themselves.
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Another important point to highlight is the Focus of the forms of language that refer to Communism itself, the way animals express themselves and their ideas about communism, and the actions they do to keep this ideology in their way of ruling. In Animal Farm, the pigs progressively acquire and contort a way of talking of communist upset to legitimize their conduct and to keep different animals in obscurity. Since they are the most intelligent animals, they take control of everything on the farm; which at the end leads to personal conflicts and meanwhile while this happened the Naive Animals did their tasks wrong and made the whole place go worse. For the last instance, one of the most important facts that this novel has is how the story is shown in different perspectives either from the abusive leaders to the Naive animals who are being abused. Animal Farm isn't told from the point of view of a specific character, however every so often it slips into Clover's awareness. However, this does not mean that the story cannot be told from a general perspective, since sometimes this is evidenced in the novel. With this, the author is trying to show how the actual unfair treatment not only is done by the corrupt leaders but it's also because of the Naive and Credulity of the victims and the animals that are abused.
In conclusion, it can be stated that Animal Farm is a story that can be told from many perspectives. Each of its perspectives lets the audience see and have different points of view of the actual problem; which is corruption. And that this not only happens because of the communist ideals of the leaders but also of the Naive and mental Laziness of the ones who are affected and work for the sustainability of the society. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Abuse of Language as Instrumental to the Abuse of Power
By: Santiago Miranda
George Orwell's Animal Farm analyzes the slippery manners by which public authorities can mishandle their capacity, as it portrays the general public where majority rule government breaks up into despotism lastly into tyranny. From the Resistance forward, the pigs of Animal Farm use savagery and the danger of viciousness to control different animals. Nonetheless, while the assault dogs keep different creatures in line, actual terrorizing doesn't keep some of
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them from unobtrusively scrutinizing Napoleon's choices. To check this danger to the pigs' capacity, Napoleon depends on energizing trademarks, tunes, and expressions to ingrain energy and similarity among the creatures. On Animal Farm, it rapidly turns out to be evident that language and way of talking can be substantially more viable instruments of social control than viciousness. The pigs rely upon witticisms, works, and instructions to both stir up the animals and keep them compliant. Altogether, the pigs get it that their tunes and axioms must be easy to retain and go over if different animals are to disguise their rules. At the point when forming instructions exhibit also problematic for various of the animals, the pigs orchestrate them into a solitary, brief expression: "Four legs extraordinary, two legs terrible." The brand name rouses the animals to love their pioneers rather than dread them and by repeating it they stretch out their promise to the pigs. Boxer, the loyal truck horse, constantly reaffirms his certainty inside the pigs' judgment by repeating the brand name "Napoleon is consistently right" in development to his typical mantra, "I will work more diligently." The animals unavoidably use the pigs' brand names to police themselves, for example, when a couple of animals disagree Napoleon's decision to begin trading developed things to individuals. The show scorn toward the truth that they are at regardless calmed by "a colossal gowling from the dogs," the weight isn't separated until the sheep break into an aggregate presentation of" 'Four legs great, two legs terrible!' " In this key scene, Orwell unequivocally differentiates animal restriction and the control of language, laying out that while the past might be productive inside the concise term, the last indicated has more huge, additional continuing impacts. The focal piece of discussion inside the pigs' association is spread out by the control managed Squealer, the suitably named spokespig, just as the closeness of an administration specialist pig, Minimus. Notwithstanding the tunes, sayings, pieces, and decrees, Napoleon, and the pigs also re-try the verbal and made accounts out of the cultivar to serve their necessities and keep up their master. At the point when Napoleon ruthlessly holds onto control, he rapidly legitimizes his takeover by dishonestly blaming his previous accessory and individual dynamic, Snowball, as a humansupporter and foe of Animalism. As a general rule, he incessantly retells the narrative of Snowball's "foul play" until Snowball's part inside the Opposition and coming about working up Animal Farm has been totally destroyed. In demonstrating scorn toward the truth that different of the creatures are without question Snowball getting an honor for his fortitude inside the Skirmish of the Cowshed, Bigmouth persuades them that Snowball had genuinely battled neighboring Mr. Jones against the creatures. Steadfast Boxer, who has tried to endure the official story, is persuaded by something different
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when Squaler reveals to him that Napoleon realizes that it will generally be genuine. "Ok, that's extraordinary," shouts Boxer. "In the event that Confidant Napoleon says it, it must be correct." some time later, as the pigs move into the farmhouse, Bigmouth makes more amendments to the authority teaching when he subtly changes the instruction "No animal should rest in a bed" to "No animal may rest in a bed with sheets" and reconsiders the run the show up almost toasting "No animal should drink liquor to overabundance." The pigs definitely supersede the old mantras with "Four legs amazing, two legs better," and over the long haul, "All animals ascend to, yet some are more break for sure than others." When the animals truly catch Squealer inside the demonstration of modifying the rules, they don't generally speculate anything, an insistence to control the pigs' discussion and tongue has over them. The pigs' brand names and expressions have conditioned different creatures so much that undoubtedly when the mutts butcher unassuming lots of creatures as removed as anyone probably is aware of having intrigued with Snowball, they don't address Napoleon's master. In show scorn toward of the truth that agitated, their concerns loosen up absent as some time as of late long as the sheep toll in with "their standard bleating" of Animal Farm fundamental saying," 'Four legs extraordinary, two legs awful, " which they serenade for "a few minutes" until the validity of talk has passed. Obviously, not all political discussion is completely awful. We see the invigorating effect Outdated Significant's tune "Beasts of England" has on the creatures and how it prompts them to overturn the autocrat Farmer Jones and cause their administration to have. Orwell struggles, be that since it might, that the tongue can be used sensibly as appropriately for more despicable purposes, as a contraption of social control a lot, which such discussion is often eliminated more suitable than state-authorized fierceness or the danger of actual power. This is an away from of how the utilization of language can be utilized as a technique to maltreatment of intensity.
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Personification of human's evil By: Exel Reyes “Integrity, transparency and the fight against corruption have to be part of the culture. They have to be taught as fundamental values.” Angel Gurría, OECD secretary general. This article is going to talk about the Corruption and see if the novel Animal Farm has corruption. Corruption is something that uses the people of the government to have more power than others. Some questions that this article is going to answer: ¿What is Corruption?, The compare and contrast of Animal Farm and Corruption? And have all the concepts of Corruption? Corruption erodes trust, weakens democracy, hampers economic development and further exacerbates inequality, poverty, social division and the environmental crisis. 13
Exposing corruption and holding the corrupt to account can only happen if we understand the way corruption works and the systems that enable it. The environment and society do not need a type of crisis in the country, by organizations that have the powers that give the corruption. One of the causes of corruption is the abuse of power, is one of the most important things you use corruption. The fundamental values you need to have is that corruption can make you go jail. The compare and contrast with the novel Animal Farm. First the animals have The seven commandments that are: 1) Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2) Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3) No animal shall wear clothes. 4) No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5) No animal shall drink alcohol. 6) No animal shall kill any other animal. 7) All animals are equal. That are rules that make to not be corruption when Mr Jonas go of the Farm. But then the pigs have the control of the farm, because they are the only ones that know how to read and write. The novel was passing and there were more problems, some animals (cats) did not want to do anything that made pigs make abuse of power and said it cats that if they don't help the farm no have food. Others compare and contrast with the novel. Is when the pigs (Napoleon) took the eggs of the hens and wanted to buy the eggs. But, you know that the pigs have the power in the farm and they said that is not going to give food to the hens and can´t put eggs. That the abuse of power that the pigs was very big, because they were breaking all the rules of the seven commandments. This is an example of the power that gives corruption to animals and humans. Because in the moment that the pigs were the captain of the farm they change. They are not the same pigs that have Mr jonas in the 1 chapter. The pigs only wanted the farm work for them and then the pigs were sending the animals for them like slaves.
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These are causes that give the corruption: 1)Higher levels of market and political monopolization. 2)Low levels of democracy, weak civil participation and low political transparency. 3)Higher levels of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structures. 4)Low press freedom. 5)Low economic freedom. You can see in this paragraph that corruption gives benefits, but also has many bad causes. The corruption has many powers, but you need to manage that power well or you can be arrested. Corruption has things that you never can have but those things in a future will be very bad for you. Democracy makes many parts of corruption weak in the part of civil participation. Are many situations when persons can be considered corrupt. In final services financial services industry, financial analysis and other financial professionals are required to adhere to a code of ethics and avoid situations that could create a conflict. Many understand that corruption requires that the ethics avoid situations and conflicts. Corruption can change the government in many forms politically. The corruption makes changes in the government with money given by the organization using the corruption. In conclusion, corruption is something that gives you power and many benefits. But, many positive things also have disadvantages. You can see in the novel that they pass the same with the pigs they abuse of the power that they have in the farm. They do not do anything only send animals to do the hard work. Finally, corruption can damage government because they have low democracy. Orwell, G (1945). Animal Farm. England. IBAC (2020). Impacts of corruption, Retrieved from: https://www.ibac.vic.gov.au/preventing-corruption/corruption-hurts-everyone James, C (2014) Investopedia Corruption, Retrieved from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corruption.asp Anti-Corruption (2015) What is Corruption, Retrieved from: https://www.u4.no/topics/anti-corruption-basics/basics Transparency International (2020) Corruption, Retrieved from: https://www.transparency.org/en/what-is-corruption#
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Power and Intellect: Synonyms? By: Diego Cardenas “A book lying on a shelf is wasted ammunition” - Henry Miller. Nowadays society revolves around knowledge, power, fame and money. That is a sad reality humans have to afrond... Like Henry Miller said, “an unread book is wasted ammunition”. It is a metaphor referring to all the mastery in the world that some people can't get for external reasons (like cash). It's Fair that in order to get knowledge you need to have capital? Isn't education something that everyone should receive? Actually, every kid right now has the right to go to school and acquire skills so they can be somebody in the future. Unfortunately this wasn't real years ago, in the past the government didn't give the proper education to kids so they can't have ideals and they wouldnt contradict the crown. Taking this into account, there are three important points that need to be clarified about the importance of intellect in society: the first one is the novel “Animal Farm”, (which demonstrates the influence and power knowledge represents) the contrast this book has with the real world and history, and the last point the importance of proficiency nowadays, that are going to be compared like was described before with the novel “Animal Farm'' written by George Orwell.
Animal Farm is a novel written by George Orwell which makes an analogy to society in the early 19th when dictatorship was common among europe. It tells the story of a farm in which the animals were inconform about their lives and how the farm was being manage so they decided to make a rebelion, the rebellion was made and they started a new government with the pigs at the head, it was supposed to be a fair society, but the pigs took bad decisions and different atrocities take place like the death of some animals and destruction of their own territory. Now, why are the pigs the leaders? There are horses that are strong, dogs that are intimidant, and cows that are great producers of capital. Then why? Intellect, knowledge. The pigs knew how to read, write, and have
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speech, while the other ones in the farm aren't educated so all they got to do is obey the ones who know.
Those factors like education and knowledge are principles to take power, it would be impossible for the pigs to make a dictatorship if the other animals had ideals, everyone looks for their own good, but the ones who gain most are the ones who have the most intellect like the pigs. It was clever for their part to say to the animals lies so they can live better, an example is the milk, they said to the cows and the other animals that the pigs recollect all the milk because they need it for good health. Do the animals know if this is true? They don't so all they have to do is trust.
The book is just a reference to real life, throughout history we have seen dictatorships of every kind, but something they have in common is that they didn't have opposition and if they have it they destroy it. But you know who is always the leader? The one who has education and his intellect is above the others, but why are they always at the top? Because they have the principles to make ideals, they have the capacity to overcome problems and create opportunities. Like it is stated in the book in chapter 2, the pigs saw a problem which was Mr. Jones and the way to solve that problem was to make a revolution, and they also saw the opportunity, what was the opportunity? Hunger, the animals were hungry, the pigs saw it and took the initiative. Thanks to the pigs they took the farm. This is not the only example, also the way they manage the farm as humans is also a characteristic of their knowledge.
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To maintain a society is a very
hard job,
the people think
different and
misunderstandings occur all the time, in the book animal farm this was different, the knowledge of some animals are the reason others like the pigs don't need to put much effort in controlling everything, the clear example is the horse boxer which was kind hearted and always did his best, but he didn't have enough intellect to reproach the decisions of the ones above him.
And in the modern society it is needed, the political, and social system we have nowadays is based on knowledge, democracy needs people with great intellect, from both parts the ones who vote and the candidates. Think of it this way, the
people of
today are all educated in schools which means they know what they are doing and who they are voting for, and the candidates need to be intelligent and able to do what he plans in order to have the approval of the voters. But what happens if there isn't education and the people don't know who to vote for, the candidates just lie to the people and they would get doomed. Knowledge is important everywhere and anywhere. After analyzing the book, social and political situation of the world we can say that knowledge is the most important attribute someone should have, like Henry Miller said “A book lying on a shelf is wasted ammunition�.
Animal farm is a book
that
demonstrates the reality of the importance of intellect and the benefits of using it well. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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