BOUTIQUE HOTEL RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
ITDS UNDERGRAD THESIS VOL. 1: PROGRAMMING
VOL. I PROGRAMMING
A Boutique Hotel in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION Problem Statement Thesis Statement Goals + Objectives Boutique Hotel + Users
09 09 10 11
CASE STUDIES Emiliano Rio Casa Hoyos Shinola Hotel
14 16 18
EXPLORING RIO DE JANEIRO About Rio Site Analysis Building Analysis
22 24 26
PROGRAMMING + PLANNING Adjacency Matrix Code Analysis ADA Plan Prototypes
30 31 32 34
RELATED RESEARCH Color + Material Environmental Considerations Thermal, Indoor Air Quality + Acoustic Concerns Extended Research Study Consultant SOURCES
38 40 42 44 46 50
Introduction
PROBLEM STATEMENT This project consists of a four story boutique hotel in the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil with a square footage of 36,000. The developer wants to design a unique hospitality experience, while maintaining its high-end luxury status. Sustainable efforts will address the environmental issues within Rio’s city, state and country. The hotel will be designed for both national and international tourists that are interested in a five star hotel and dining experience.
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THESIS STATEMENT This thesis will focus on LEED and WELL standards throughout the design process to support a healthier experience for the individual and for the city of Rio de Janeiro. It will implement wellness ideologies into its guests, promoting long term health.
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Goals + Objectives
Create a luxurious atmosphere with unique experiences. Use research from luxury hotels to support materiality, color and amenities in a high-end style.
Create an authentic Brazilian experience in both guest rooms and public spaces. Use research done on Rio de Janeiro’s native materials and its architectural and natural forms.
Promote sustainable choices of hotel guests and staff. Incorporate designs that encourage guests to make sustainable behavioral choices both consciously and unconsciously. Sustainable behaviors will specifically focused on water and energy use.
Create an environmentally sustainable space. Fulfill the requirements for LEED v4.1 ID + C Hospitality
Promote wellbeing for hotel guests and staff. Fulfill the requirements for WELL v2
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Boutique Hotel The boutique hotel is largely characterized by its smaller size, personalized service and local personality. Boutique hotels cater to the individual, providing very personalized, intimate service. These properties are designed to blend into the community to reflect the neighborhoods and cultures around them, giving a more authentic experience.
Clientele Boutique hotels cater towards individuals who look for creative design, different character and luxurious service. The clientele ranges from all generations because the want to stay in boutique hotels is driven by their views and beliefs.
BUSINESS
TOURISM
STAFF
HOTEL OWNER
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Case Studies
Emiliano Rio Architect: Arthur Casas + Oppenheim Architecture Year: 2017 Location: Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil Square Footage: 10,477,989 Overview: This boutique hotel has a very strong connection to Brazilian heritage. Despite it’s modern appearance, it drew from Copacabana’s bohemian golden years. They used furniture created by renowned designers of the 1950’s to bring personality and coziness to the modern architecture. The fabrics and textures in this space were chosen to honor the nature of Rio’s Guananbara Bay. The interiors organic shapes derive from landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx’s famous sidewalks in Copacabana. Amenities: + Rooftop infinity pool + Santapele Spa + Saunas + Fitness Center + Wellness Ambassadors Typical Guest: + Luxury travelers for leisure or business + Demand highest level of service and privacy + Target regions: Africa, Asia, Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America, South America Materials: (100% Brazilian Materials) + Terrazzo + Travertine Marble + Brazilian Freijo Wood + White Parana Marble + Granite + Stone 14
Room Types: Ocean Master Suite 1300 sq ft Super king bed Ocean view 1250 sq ft Living area Small kitchen Ocean Spa Suite 970 sq feet room Super king bed Private sauna
Courtyard Spa Junior Suite 810 sq ft Super king bed Private sauna Ocean Emiliano Suite 810 sq ft Super king bed Ocean Junior Suite 650 sq ft Super king bed Living area
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Ocean Deluxe 490 sq ft Super king bed Deluxe Twin Courtyard 455 sq ft 2 Twin beds Deluxe King Courtyard 455 sq ft 2 Queen beds
Casa Hoyos Architect: A-G Studio Year: 2020 Location: San Miguel De Allende, Mexico City, Mexico Square Footage: N/A Overview: This boutique hotel is a former Spanish colonial manor designed for the Hoyos family. The 17th century baroque style property has been in the Hoyos family for four generations. The colors in the building are carried throughout each space, pulling from colors in the symbol of the Hoyos heraldic family shield. The building is designed as a typical colonial mansion in Southern Spain, with an open central patio lined with andalusian style balconies. Amenities: + Rooftop pool + Rooftop bar + Jacuzzi + Massages Materials: + Concrete + Clay Tile + Local Artist Tapestries + Southeast Mexican Tropical Wood + Terracotta Tiles + Clay & Black Paste Tiles
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Room Types: Single Design Room (8) 375 sq ft Queen bed Double Design Room (4) 400 sq ft 2 Twin beds
Junior Suite (2) 450 sq ft King bed Bathtub
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Master Suite (1) 485 sq ft King bed Bathtub
Shinola Hotel Architect: Gachot Studios Year: 2019 Location: Detroit, Michigan Square Footage: 140,000 Overview: This boutique hotel occupies five buildings, two of which were the T.B. Rayl Company building from 1915 and the Singer Building from 1936. Shinola is a Detroit based luxury designer brand that transformed these buildings. Their goal was to celebrate Detroit’s spirit throughout the building by giving an authentic residential experience. It is modeled after the historic architecture of the city with mid-century modern furniture to ensure the hotel ages well over the years.
Amenities: + Bars (2) + Fine Dining Restaurant + Casual Dining Restaurants (2) + Retail Materials: + Handcrafted Millwork + Shinola Blue Paint + Mahogany + Earthy Tones
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Room Types: Study Queen 275-325 sq ft Queen bed Study King 275-325 sq ft Queen bed The Den 330-425 sq feet King bed Living area The Cass 430-580 sq ft King bed Living area
Gallery 568-662 sq ft King bed Living area The Loft 697-739 sq ft King bed Living area Dining area The Canfield 800 sq ft King bed Dining area Fireplace Living area
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The Alcove 410 sq ft King bed Attic Suite 860-905 sq ft King bed Penthouse 875-1100 sq ft King bed Private terraces Dining area Living area Fireplace
Exploring Rio de Janeiro
About Rio de Janeiro LANGUAGE: Portuguese AVG. INCOME: BRL 150,386 | $29,165 POPULATION | 6.4 million Natives to Rio referred to as Cariocas 46.9%
LIFE EXPECTANCY 72.8 79.9
53.1%
male
female
CLIMATE Humidity: 79.1% annual average
87° Highest Summer avg temp (December)
78° Lowest Winter avg temp (June)
MAJOR ATTRACTIONS + Christ the Redeemer + Tijuca National Park + Amazon Rainforest + Copacabana Coast
TOURISM | 2.6 million arrivals per year Events that bring in tourism: + Carnival + New Years Eve + Rock n’ Rio
ARCHITECTURE + ART Brazil’s architecture has a strong European influence, specifically from Portugal. Many of Brazil’s states were Portuguese colonies, Rio de Janeiro being one of them. Rio was the capital city of Portugal at one point despite it being in a different country so, many of its characteristics are derived from there. The first wave of architecture to go through Brazil was Portuguese colonial in the 16th century. From there, baroque and neoclassicism were introduced in the 18th and 19th centuries.
TRANSPORTATION
RELIGION Brazil’s population is 64.6% Roman Catholic, with the largest Catholic population in one area. Prior to Lent, Rio de Janeiro holds Carnival, which is the most attended event in Brazil. 22
Corcovado Mountain
Military Fire Department of Rio de Janeiro State
Roberto Burle Marx’s Mosaic Pavements
Municipal Theater of Rio de Janeiro
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Site Analysis
VENEZUELA GUYANA FRENCH GUINA
COLOMBIA
EQUADOR
BRAZIL
PERU
BOLIVIA
PARAGUAY
ARGENTINA
URAGUAY
CHILE
RIO DE JANEIRO
GEOGRAPHY Brazil is the largest country in South America. Its coast has major cities running along the Atlantic Ocean, including São Paulo, Salvador and Rio de Janeiro. The western side of Brazil is taken up mostly by the Amazon Rainforest and is largely uninhabited. The country moved it’s capital in 1960 from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia, an inland city built to develop central Brazil.
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7 6 8 5 9 4 1 3 2
Points of Interest: 1
Building Location
2
Arpoador
3
Fort Copacabana
4
Copacare UTI Movel (Hospital)
5
Copacabana Beach
6
Bossa Nova e Companhia
7
Morro de Leme
8
Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon
9
Atlantic Ocean
Building Address: Av. Atlântica, 3804 Copacabana Rio de Janeiro - RJ 22070-001 Brazil
SURROUNDING AREA The boutique hotel is placed in Rio’s neighborhood, Copacabana. Copacabana is one of the cities liveliest areas with a balance of locals and visitors activity. It is famous for its crescent shaped beach along the coast where the sand meets the famous mosaic tile promenade designed by the famous Brazilian artist and landscape architect, Roberto Burle Marx. The inland of Copacabana progressively becomes more laid back with sidewalk cafes and calm streetscapes. 25
Building Analysis
SURROUNDINGS Surrounding the site is buildings with similiar heights, predominantly restaurants, bars, and hotels. Southeast of the hotel is Copacabana Beach.
Section Cut
26
Column Grid 1
Column Grid 2
Column Grid 1 + 2
27
Programming + Planning
Adjacency Matrix
Space
Access
Privacy
Daylight Priority
Public
Low
High
N
n/a
Admin. Offices
Staff only
High
Low
N
n/a
Baggage Claim
Staff only
High
Low
N
n/a
Lounge(s)
Public
Medium
High
N
n/a
Restaurant / Bar
Public
Medium
Medium
Y
bar appliances
Work Center
Public
Medium
Medium
N
computers/printers
Spa
Public
Medium
Low
Y
n/a
Gym
Public
Medium
Low
N
equipment, fountains
Locker Room
Public
High
Low
Y
n/a
Pool
Public
Low
High
Y
n/a
Single Guest
Public
High
Medium
Y
n/a
Double Guest
Public
High
Medium
Y
n/a
Laundry
Public
Medium
Low
Y
appliances
Staff Kitchen
Staff only
Low
Low
Y
appliances
Restrooms
Public
High
Low
Y
water fixtures
Admin. OfficesAdmin. Offices Baggage ClaimBaggage Claim Lounge(s)
Restaurant / Bar Restaurant / Bar Work Center Work Center Spa
Spa
Public Gym
Public Gym
Locker Room Locker Room Pool
Special Equipment
Lobby / Reception
Lobby / Reception Lobby / Reception
Lounge(s)
Plumbing
Pool
Single Guest Single Guest Double Guest Double Guest Public Laundry Public Laundry Staff Kitchen Staff Kitchen Public Restrooms Public Restrooms
Must
Must
Should
Should
Would be nice
Would be nice
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Code Analysis OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS 1. Assembly (A, A-2, A-3, A-4)
Building Sprinklered? Yes
2. Business (B)
Square Footage 36,000 sq. ft Diagonal for Egress? 123 ft
3. Residential (R-1)
Fire Rated Stair Distance? 41 ft
4. Storage (S, S-1)
USER GROUP (A)
Lobby/Reception
(B)
Administrative Offices
(S)
Baggage Claim
(A)
Lounge(s)
(A-2) Restaurant/Bar
Maximum Travel Distance? 250 ft
OCCUPANCY FACTOR 7 net 150 gross 300 gross 15 net 15 net
Plumbing Sleeping Unit Water Closet
1 per unit
Lavatory
1 per unit
Water Fountains
-
Service Sinks
-
(A-2) Work Center
150 gross
Restaurant
(B)
Spa
150 gross
Water Closet
1 per 75
(A-3) Public Gym
50 gross
Lavatory
1 per 200
(A-3) Locker Room
50 gross
Water Fountains
1 per 500
(A-4) Pool
50 gross
Service Sinks
1
(R-1) Single Guest
200 gross
(R-1) Double Guest
200 gross
(B)
Public Laundry
7 net
(A-2) Staff Kitchen
200 gross
(S-1)
300 gross
Storage
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Accessibility ADA The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation and all public and private places that are open to the general public.
Wheelchair Turning Clearance: 60” Diameter Turning:
T-Shaped Turning:
Egress Corridor Width 44” Doors Clear floor space on push side: 60” Clear floor space on pull side: 48” ADA compliant dimensions: 32” x 80” 32
Guestrooms: 26 - 50 rooms | 2 accessible guest rooms required 25+ Beds | 5% must be accessible + Top of mattress height: 20” - 23” above floor + Clear space around single bed room: 30” on either side of bed + Clear space around double bed room: 30” between beds Bathtub Requirements: + In tub seats - permanently fixed or removable + Fixed grab bars Roll in Shower Requirements: + Shower seat - permanently fixed or removable + Fixed grab bars Restaurant: 5% of tables must be accessible + Height of table: 24” - 38” + Knee clearance 27” minimum
Sink Dimensions
Water Closet Accessory Mounting
Restroom Accessory Mounting
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Plan Prototypes
27' - 6"
21' - 1"
21' - 1"
27' - 6" 27' - 6"
24' - 9" 24' - 9"
King bed Large living area Bathtub Roll in shower Double sink
28' - 6"
28' - 6"
18' - 2"
18' - 2"
20' - 0"
16' - 6"
16' - 6"
26' - 6"
21' - 1"
King bed Large living area Bathtub Double sink
21' - 1"
MASTER SUITE ADA
20' - 0"
MASTER SUITE 26' - 6"
27' - 6"
24' - 9"
20' - 0"
20' - 0"
24' - 9"
28' - 6" 28' - 6" 26' - 6" 26' - 6"
18' - 2"
27' - 0"
15' - 10"
15' - 10"
13' - 10"
DELUXE GUEST ADA Queen bed 27' - 0" 27' - 0" Small living area Bathtub Roll in shower Double sink
13' - 10"
15' - 10"
25' - 0" 25' - 0"
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15' - 10"
16' - 6"
16' - 6"
13' - 10"
DELUXE GUEST Queen bed Small living area Bathtub Double sink
13' - 10"
25' - 0"
18' - 2"
27' - 0" 25' - 0"
1
18' - 2"
14' - 0"
14' - 0"
18' - 2"
16' - 6"
16' - 6"
8' - 0"
27' - 0" 27' - 0" 25' - 0" 25' - 0"
13' - 6"
21' - 0"
26' - 0"
14' - 0"
15' - 10"
15' - 10"
13' - 10"
14' - 0"
13' - 10"
8' - 0"
STANDARD GUEST Queen bed Double sink
STANDARD GUEST ADA Queen bed Roll in shower Double sink
21' - 0"
PUBLIC RESTROOMS
24' - 9"
19' - 6"
PUBLIC GYM
19' - 6"
26' - 0"
24' - 9"
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Related Research
Color Considerations EMOTION IN COLOR
Cool tones are associated with serenity and restful environments.
Warm tones are associated with stimulation and active environments.
COLOR IN HOTEL DESIGN
CULTURAL PERCEPTION OF COLOR
Red Aggressive and stimulating, good for places
Visibility and brightness
where eating and conversation happen Yellow A stimulating color, good for areas of conversation
Peace and wealth, represented in the Brazilian flag
Green Youthfulness and nature, popular in boutique hotels targeting a younger audience
The forests of Brazil, represented in the Brazilian flag
Blue Calmness and serenity, good in bedrooms and bathrooms
The sky and coast of Brazil, represented in the Brazilian flag
Purple Sophistication and drama, good for rooms with high ceilings or shiny surfaces
Unlucky, is associated with mourning and death
NEUTRALS
Used as a backdrop or balancing element for more vivid colors
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Material Considerations LOCAL MATERIALS Natural mediums are very popular in Brazillian architecture because of their thermal properties and availability in the area. Concrete used to be very popular but, due to the humidity it would easily crack. Ceramic tiles were introduced to cover the concrete in a beautiful way. CERAMIC TILES Ceramic tiles are a large part of Brazillian culture, introduced when they were a colony of Portugal. + Impermeable + Reflect the sun, provides thermal environments when used on facades
MATERIAL IN HOTEL DESIGN Natural materials are the most common in hotel design for their durability and flexibility. Wood, stone and metal are the most popular while giving spaces an improvement to their micro-climate and environmental friendliness. WOOD + Can easily be renewed and restored + Gives interior a sense of warmth + Good for floor finishings, furniture, doors, window frames, rustic counter tops, cabinet fronts or decorative wall panels STONE + Resistant to water, heat and dirt + Adds visual effect and diversity + Good for finishing bathrooms, a fireplace, or accents in the lobby METAL + Resistant to chemicals and physical damage + Adds sophistication and elegance + Good for tables, chairs, stairs, or accessory accents
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Environmental Responsibility
Parque Lago
RIO’S ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES + Deforestation + Air Pollution + Waste Disposal GENERAL TIPS: + Optimize site potential + Minimize non renewable energy consumption + Use environmentally preferable products + Protect and conserve water + Use energy efficient lighting + Use reclaimed and recycled materials INSIGHT TO THESIS Brazil as a country now focuses on maintaining their land by preserving natural resources and landforms when it comes to architecture and urban planning. Sustainability in this boutique hotel is important because of Rio’s prominent natural features that define its landscape. 40
LEED ID+C v4.1 - Hospitality LEED ID+C v4.1 - Hospitality is a sustainable rating certification for Interior Design and Construction in interior spaces that may not have control over the entire buildings operations. LOCATION + TRANSPORTATION Accessible transportation in close perameters from the site.
MATERIALS + RESOURCES Ensure 50% of materials and elements are recyclable/reusable. Salvage, reuse or refurbish 30% of furniture.
WATER EFFICIENCY Must be reduced by 20% from baseline level, fixtures must be WaterSense or ENERGY STAR labeled. ENERGY + ATMOSPHERE Include products that do not harm the atmosphere and reduce lighting power density.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Improve indoor air quality through various methods, provide control over lighting, and improve HVAC system. INNOVATION Use a strategy not addressed by the LEED rating system to achieve a measurable improvment in environmental performance.
WELL v2 WELL v2 is a holistic approach on health, prioritizing the health and well-being of the buildings users. It is meant for buildings and organizations to create more intentional spaces that enhance human health. AIR Achieve high levels of indoor air quality through various strategies. Some include source elimination or reduction, operation strategies and human behavior interventions.
THERMAL COMFORT Promotes human productivity through maximum level of thermal comfort using improved HVAC system design and control for individual preference.
WATER Supports the quality, distribution and control of water in a building. It manages the use of healthy, safe water for the individual and the building.
SOUND Identify and control acoustic comfort for the individuals in a variety of experiences. MATERIALS Aims to reduce human exposure through direct or environmental contamination to chemicals during the entire design process.
NOURISHMENT Requires the availability of nutritional transparency and fruits and vegetables to encourage healthy choices.
MIND Promotes mental health through policy, program and design strategies aimed towards cognitive and emotional well-being.
LIGHT Promote exposure to light and create lighting environments that promote visual, mental and biological health.
COMMUNITY Supports access to healthcare, builds a culture of health that is inclusive to a diverse population for an engaged environment.
MOVEMENT Promotes physical activity in everyday life through environmental design, policies and programs that ensure movement opportunities.
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Thermal Concerns HOTELS MAJOR COMPLAINTS + Thermosats hard to control + Noisy A/C + Motion sensors turn down temperature in middle of the night + Inconsistent temperatures + Thermostats not energy efficient ENERGY EFFICIENCY + Detect when guestroom balcony doors open; thermostat will shut off + Key cards required to operate systems + Thermostat occupancy sensors BEST OPTION = DIGITAL THERMOSTATS Smaller, less noise producing Can be programmed to control certain temperatures depending on climate and humidity
Indoor Air Quality Concerns CONTAMINANTS
SOURCES
+ CO 2 + Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) + Particulate matter
+ Cleaning products + Carpeting + Engineered wood furniture + Treated fabrics
ENERGY EFFICIENCY More occupants, more CO2 release PREVENT with sensors that monitor and balance CO2 levels with outdoor air DECREASE work of heating/cooling units DECREASE energy bill by 15 - 20%
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Acoustic Concerns CONSIDERATIONS Acoustic Signature: the quality of sound Acoustic Isolation: degree which barriers can prevent sound from passing from space to space, key to guest privacy
NOISE SOURCES + Guest conversation + Mechanical equipment + Exterior noise + Adjacent plumbing ACOUSTICAL PRIVACY + Adequate insulation + Sound absorbing finishes + Air tight seals around openings + Sound masking Universal Building Code (UBC) Requirements + Group R (guestrooms) have STC rating of 50 + Interior corridor doors have STC rating of 26 STC Rating 20 + lower
Effectiveness of Sound Isolation Soft speech, clearly understood
25
Normal speech level, clearly understood
30
Loud speech understood
35
Loud speech audible, not understood
40
Loud speech faintly audile
45
Loud speech inaudible
50
Loud TV audible
55
Loud music audible
60
Loud music faintly audible
65 + above
STC is no longer an accurate measure
STC = Sound Transmission Class
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Extended Research Research collaboration with Katie Karlinchak and Julia Sorenson TIMELINE 3 weeks RESEARCH METHOD Online survey
OUTREACH METHOD Social media (Facebook, Instagram) Direct email to family and friends
SURVEY + RESULTS The online survey was focused on the impacts of sustainability and wellness in hotel design. It was composed of 10 questions with a variety of multiple choice and open ended questions. The survey received 40 responses ranging from the ages 19 - 56. Respondents overall would choose sustainable hotels over non-sustainable ones.
Which sustainable measure would influence your behavior most?
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Other 2.5% (1)
How likely are you to choose a sustainable hotel over one that is not sustainable?
Not Likely 2.5% (1) Unaffected 15% (6)
Heavily emphasizing the use of sustainable methods in the space would spark interest in the user. Not just branded in the hotel but through customer outreach.
Very Likely 80% (32)
Neutral Perception 7.5% (3)
How does implementing sustainable methods in a space affect your perception of the space? Designing for sustainability considers the individual and the environment. By doing so the individual will have a more positive experience. Postitive Perception 92.5% (37)
How much would circadian lighting affect your well being in a space? Majority would prefer, some said it would depend on their task throughout the day.
Other 5% (2) Neutral 15% (6)
Very Likely 80% (32)
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Consultant | Steven Smith ABOUT Steven Smith Director of Operations at the Mayflower Hotel 1127 Connecticut Ave NW Washington, DC 20036
Number of Rooms = 75 Suites Amenities = Standard Most Used Space = Restaurant/Bar
Mayflower Hotel, Washington DC
OVERVIEW (PRE-COVID) The Mayflower Hotel is a boutique hotel three blocks from the White House. This exposure has always given the hotel high profile guests since its opening in 1925. It has 400 employees that Steven manages. The hotel guests are typically groups that are there for a short period stay. They hold an average of 55 weddings a year, amongst other events and conferences. Steven’s day is occupied by managing the balance score card, which takes care of customers, employees and owners to manage operations between all of them. OVERVIEW (MID-COVID) Now that regulations and operations are forced to change, the hotel is obligated to run differently. Pre-COVID there would be 190-200 people working at a time and now it is cut down to eight. Steven’s operations now take on various jobs like helping in housekeeping and running the restaurant the days its open. 46
What to Change The age of the hotel results in issues at the core of the building. When the hotel was built there wasn’t a focus on efficiency in the building, the goal was to solely build a building. Steven deals with its system issues daily but the lack of updates is due to budget. There are recurring HVAC issues in the guestrooms due to the buildings old age. The windows are also smaller than classic hotel ones but it would be a major cost to replace all of the windows. When updates don’t drive up the revenue value of the hotel, the owners generally won’t spend that money.
Sustainable Efforts The Mayflower has a committee dedicated to sustainability for updating and renovating to become more sustainable as they can. As for energy, the hotel has updated to energy management systems, converted to LED lighting in all spaces and use instant hot water heaters. As for water, the toilets have been replaced to use 25% less water and the shower heads have reduced water flow. Waste is also managed in an ORCA, which breaks down all of the food waste and turns it into water, saving four tons of waste per year.
Mayflower Hotel, Dining Area
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Sources
Sources CASE STUDIES Arthur Casas - Emiliano. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://ifworlddesignguide.com/entry/235291-arthur-casas-emiliano A Boutique Hotel Downtown Detroit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.shinolahotel.com/ Casas, A. (n.d.). Emiliano Rio Hotel - Projects. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.arthurcasas.com/projects/emiliano-rio-hotel/ Clemence, P. (2020, December 8). Emiliano Rio by Studio Arthur Casas and Oppenheim Architecture & Design: 2017 Best of Year Winner for Foreign Boutique Hotel. Retrieved January 8, 2018, from https://www.interiordesign.net/ projects/14267-emiliano-rio-by-studio-arthur-casas-and-oppenheim-architecture-and-design-2017-best-of-yearwinner-for-foreign-boutique-hotel/ Cogley, B. (2019, March 13). Gachot Studios designs boutique hotel in Detroit for watchmaker Shinola. Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://www.dezeen.com/2019/03/31/shinola-hotel-gachot-studios-detroit-interiors/ Cogley, B. (2020, April 21). Colourful tiles and Mexican craft feature in Casa Hoyos hotel by AG Studio. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.dezeen.com/2020/04/20/casa-hoyos-hotel-ag-studio-san-miguel-de-allende-mexico/ DESIGN. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.casahoyos.mx/diseno Dougherty, M. (2020, January 25). Emiliano Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.hospitalitydesign.com/projects/hotels-resorts-wellness/emiliano-rio-de-janeiro/
EXPLORING RIO DE JANEIRO Guide to Public Transport in Rio. (2017, October 12). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.visitriodejaneiro.city/guides/public-transport-in-rio/ Knox, N. (2015, September 8). Where in Brazil is LEED being used? Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www. usgbc.org/articles/where-brazil-leed-being-used Long, C. (2017, February 17). A Primer on Public Education in Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.rioonwatch.org/?p=30135 Plecher, P., & 7, A. (2020, April 07). Brazil - average age of the population 1950-2050. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/254361/average-age-of-the-population-in-brazil/ Rio De Janeiro Population 2020. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://worldpopulationreview.com/ world-cities/rio-de-janeiro-population Tregorius, T., Kovachek, M., & Gradovska, E. (2020, February 11). Average Salary in Brazil in 2020. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://destinationscanner.com/average-salary-in-brazil/ Xuequan, M. (2019, November 29). Brazil's average life expectancy rises to 76.3 years in 2018. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-11/29/c_138590949.htm
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PROGRAMMING + PLANNING Accessible Lodging. (2020, December 07). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://adata.org/factsheet/accessible-lodging Excerpt from “ADA Guide for Small Businesses�. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.ada.gov/ reachingout/servingcustomers.html The International Codes. (2020, February 03). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.iccsafe.org/productsand-services/i-codes/the-i-codes/ Justice, D. O. (2010, September 15). 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAstandards.htm Understanding ADA Design Requirements for Hotels. (2020, September 17). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://wheelchairtravel.org/hotels/ada-design-requirements/ What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? (2020, December 07). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://adata.org/learn-about-ada
RELATED RESEARCH Acoustics.com. (n.d.). Acoustics.com acoustical consultants can help architects & interior designers with Hotels by providing advice & information about acoustic products & materials, absorption, Reverberation Time, noise criteria, noise control, STC, IIC & sound isolation. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from http://www.acoustics.com/ hotel.asp Alptekin, C. (2019, June 10). Indoor Air Quality In Hotels: 2 Good Reasons To Monitor: Iota. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.iotacommunications.com/blog/indoor-air-quality-hotels/ By. (2019, April 18). Using The Right Construction Materials For A Hotel Build. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.archiscene.net/hotels/using-right-construction-materials-hotel-build/ Goncalves, A. (n.d.). Hand Painted Portuguese Ceramic Tile by Andre Goncalves. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://pixels.com/featured/1-hand-painted-portuguese-ceramic-tile-andre-goncalves.html Hsu, H. (2018, August 07). Acoustics 101: How soundproof are hotel rooms? Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.interiorsandsources.com/article-details/articleid/22261/title/acoustics-101-quiet-hotels LEED rating system. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.usgbc.org/leed Meyer, A. (1970, January 01). Brazil Environmental Issues. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.brazil.org. za/environmental-issues.html Natural Materials in Hotel Interior Design. (2020, June 22). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://buildeo. co.uk/2020/06/natural-materials-in-hotel-interior-design/ Sustainable Design. (2020, April 22). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.gsa.gov/real-estate/design-construction/design-excellence/sustainability/sustainable-design Trejos, N. (2017, April 03). Hotel thermostats a hot topic for guests. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www. usatoday.com/story/travel/roadwarriorvoices/2017/04/03/hotel-thermostats-hot-topic-guests/99300064/ Velasquez, I. (2020, July 22). Hotel Interior Design, Part 1: The Psychology of Color and 2018 Trends. Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://www.fohlio.com/blog/hotel-interior-design-part-1-color-psychology-2018-trends/ WELL v2. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2020, from https://v2.wellcertified.com/wellv2/en/overview
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