Econnected City - Waterfront City As Connector Between Communities and Environment In Kota Lama

ECONNECTED CITY “ Waterfront City As Connector Between Communities and Environment In Kota Lama ”

WATERFRONT II

Brigita Theora Mega K. Angga Safik Ul Ridwan Anin Ayu Mahmudah Rabbani Mahatma B. Theresia Agustine Mentor: Herbert Sibarani, Van Oord

UNDIP ITB ITB ITB ITB

CONTENTS Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION Background Vision and Purposes Challenges and Opportunities

Chapter 2: PROPOSED DESIGN

Site Introduction Site Analysis Master Plan How Can We Link and Fit into Semarang Communities?

How Can We Link and Fit into Semarang Environment?

Chapter 3: STAKEHOLDER AND BUSINESS ANALYSIS Stakeholder Analysis Business Analysis

Chapter 4: REALIZATION AND CONCLUSION Realization Conclusion

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Econnected City

Waterfront City as a connector between communities and environment in Kota Lama

// VISION AND PURPOSES

// BACKGROUND “As the time goes by, the city also develops, either in a positive way or negative way.

Unfortunately, bad planning and bad control in city’s development bring negative impact for the city itself. As the result, the city cannot maximize its potency and cannot give benefits for the community like it’s supposed to be“.

VISION Econnected City - Waterfront City as a connector between communities and environment in Kota Lama.

Kota Lama Semarang established in the 17th century as the trade and business starting to grow in Semarang City during Colonial Era. This site used to be dominated by office buildings, warehouses, stores, banks, and foreign consulates to support Semarang city growing up as a modern trade city. Located in the heart of Semarang city, this Outstadt (Old Town) has important and significant role in the early phase of the establishment of the Semarang city. Although the glory had passed, the DNA still remains.

In 2016, the government starting to revitalize the “unused” old town into historical tourism site. But the project seems not successful yet. The town looks better but still unlively. It seems not functioning optimally, unmaintained, and even seemed like a dead town. Furthermore, the area faces many problems that will give negative impact to the area which has valuable tradition, history, and also economic potency for Semarang city in the future.

Kota Lama is passed by Kali Semarang, the water heart of the city. The river has important role in Colonial Era for shipping and transportation. It used to link Kota Lama, Chinese Town of Semarang, and the entire city. Today, this river also has significant role in Semarang city’s water cycle. It flows the all of the water from the city into the sea.

Because of those reasons, revitalizing this public area will revive the glory of Kota Lama. As a spine, emphasizing it relationship with the community and environment will enhance new activities in Kota Lama and give benefits to the city, economically, socially, and last but not least: environmentally. In the end, the waterfront city will be a new landmark in Semarang and become the gate for Kota Lama to start the historical journey of Semarang.

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PURPOSES Provides a comfortable and pleasant public space for communities.

Provides ecofriendly facilities to faceenvironmental threat in Kota Lama.Provides a new tourism attraction toattract more visitors.

Provides new business area.

Econnected City

Waterfront City as a connector between communities and environment in Kota Lama

// CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES In order to revitalize the waterfront area, there are many things to be identified. Identify the challenge and opportunity in the area is an important step to design a suitable plan for the city.

OPPORTUNITIES

CHALLENGES REBRAND Before the government started to revitalize Kota Lama, the area was known as one of the most dangerous area in town. It was dark, dirty, and also dangerous. No one will come after the sunset, because many criminals will be around. In the middle of 2016, the city was much better but the image is remains still. How to rebrand the image of the city and brings back the DNA of the area is a big challenge.

CONNECTING

WATER CONDITION

As the spine of Semarang city, Kali Semarang in waterfront area is link a lot of aspect around it. It links the local activities such as economic activities and social activities, links the water cycle in the city, and also links the history between the old town and new town of Semarang city. All of those aspect make the waterfront area becoming the connector of Kota Lama with it surrounding.

As a waterfront city, the river should be taken seriously. The water of Kali Semarang is a big challenge for the development of the city because it has very bad water quality. The water was highly polluted. Moreover, the area also faces another environmental threat:flood.

SLUM AND SQUATTER AREA

CENTER OF ACTIVITIES

It is inevitable that were a lot of semi-permanent buildings that built along Kali Semarang. Those buildings give bad image to Kota Lama since it was untidy. Furthermore, it also contribute to pollute Kali Semarang.

The waterfront area is surrounded by communities and basically river area is an open space for many activities. For take a rest after walking around the town, enjoy the evening vibe, or even for annual festival. This is an opportunity to develop the area for center of activities and trigger new activities in Kota Lama. Those activities will make the city more livable and increase the happiness index.

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TOURISM OBJECT Kota Lama has been planned to be historical tourism since 2015.

Develop the waterfront area will give new tourism attraction and bring more tourist to the area. The more visitors come to the area, the more income for the city.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT When the tourist begins to come to Kota Lama, the economic wheel will spin. There will be many job opportunities for the communities and it will increase their welfare. Tourism also can bring about a real sense of pride and identity to communities.

By showcasing distinct characteristics of their ways of life, history and culture, tourism can encourage the preservation of traditions which may be at risk of.

CHAPTER 2: PROPOSED DESIGN

Econnected City

Waterfront City as a connector between communities and environment in Kota Lama

// SITE INTRODUCTION

Water Flow

Slum & Suatter Area

Kali Semarang runs through Semarang city, started from Mt. Ungaran toward Java Sea. This river flows in front of Kota Lama, where the site of the waterfront area is located.

Along the river, it stretches informal activities and slump area. It makes the area dirty and messy.

Drainage Water From City

Transportation Circulatin

All the drainage system in Semarang city disembogue in Kali Semarang.

Kota Lama is one of the busiest area in Semarang city. Lots of vehicles back and forth in Kota Lama through Mberok Bridge.

Tawang Polder

Berok Bridge

Johar Market

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Kota Lama

Land Mark and Tourism object

Bed Water Quality The activities in the upstream pollute the river water. Moreover, the communities around the waterfront city are careless about the river. It makes the bad quality water flow in the waterfront area.

Bussiness Area The waterfront area is surrounded by many business sectors.

The waterfront area is surrounded by many landmarks and torism object of the city, including the heritage building in Kota Lama, Mberok Bridge-the connector between Kota Lama and modern city of Semarang, and Pasar Johar-the famous traditional local market.

Econnected City

Waterfront City as a connector between communities and environment in Kota Lama

Furthermore, Semarang has a problem with land subsidence so when the high tide comes, the sea water enters the river. And when the river has not enough capacity to hold the water, the water overflow and flooding the entire city. To maximize the water capacity, normalization the river is needed but it still not enough.

To have a flood barrier along the river is also important, in case the water still overflow from the river.

// SITE ANALYSIS KOTA LAMA SEMARANG Some area of Kota Lama seems out of sight from the revitalization, and make it looks like the dark side of the town. To make the area livelier, the interaction among the communities must be improved. To design a public space that fit the communities and the culture is necessary to be done. Public space will give people a place to do many activities and encourage them to interact.

The second problem is flood.

There are two types of floods that threat the city, pluvial flood and tide flood. A pluvial flood occurs when heavy downpour of rain saturates the drainage system in Kota Lama and the excess water cannot be absorbed. The drainage system was clogged by the trash and it reduces the volume of water flow. In addition, there is no green corridor and green space along the concrete or dense paving block road, make the water hardly infiltrates to the soil and flows directly to the drainage system. To solve the problem, only clean up the drainage system won’t be enough, the city needs more infiltration area to absorb the water in the city.

The infiltration area is also beneficial to reduce the land subsidence di Semarang city. When the water enters the soil, it will recharge the groundwater and fill the porous soil.

There won’t be any void in the soil and the land subsidence can be slowed.

KALI SEMARANG RIVERWALK

KALI SEMARANG Kali Semarang has an important role for the city. Sadly, the water is in terrible condition, dirty, black and has bad smell. There are lots of trash from the community activities from the upstream. There is no strict policy about river or water management and the community also has no senses of belonging to the river so they don’t feel the urge to keep the river clean. Solve this problem means providing suitable trash and water treatment for the river before it enters the waterfront area.

The river walk is not functioning like it is supposed to be. It is very

uncomfortable for the pedestrian.

The space is narrow and there are many stands on the pathway. Moreover, there is no proper trash bin in the walkway, make it full of trashes and has bad smell. Redesign the river walk that suits the community and the environment is important to make it more enjoyable.

The pathway was made by dense paving block and has no proper drainage system. When the rainfall, the runoff water trapped on the pathway and make it muddy. The lack of infiltration area makes the water cannot absorb to the soil, so it is essential to build a green space on the river walk to avoid trapped water.

// MASTER PLAN DESIGN PLAN FOR KOTA LAMA BIOSWALE The lack of infiltration area in the city can be solve by providing bioswale along the road. Bioswale is ecofriendly water drainage that not only flows the runoff to inlet but also filters and absorbs the polluted water.

It is consists of combination of plants and rocks layers. After the rains, the runoff flows into the bioswale and infiltrate to those layers.

It does not only make the water quality bad but also shallowing the river itself. The trash, dirt, and much more causing sedimentation on the river and reduce the river’s capacity to flow the water.

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The layers will filter suspended sediments and absorb pollution from the water passing through them. The design also allows the rain water to be recharged naturally into the groundwater below rather being fully flushed into the sewer system.

On the other hand, there is no sidewalk and green corridor along the main street there, so we design the bioswale along the main street to separate the pedestrian and the vehicle and reduce the heat.

Econnected City

Waterfront City as a connector between communities and environment in Kota Lama

DESIGN PLAN FOR WEST RIVER WALK

Moreover, locating the bioswale along the street is to limit vehicle enters the Kota Lama, especially big vehicle likes trucks. In short, bioswale can purified polluted water, absorb the excess water to the soil, give a safety yet comfortable sidewalk and prevent Kota Lama from traffic.

GLASS FLOOD BARRIER When the tide floods the city, it will take time and uneasy to let the soil absorb the water because the tide lasts for several hours. To prevent the water flooding the area, a flood barrier will be more suitable. By build the barrier along the pathway, the overflow water won’t enter the area and the flood can be prevented. It is made of glass to let people enjoy the river even though there is a barrier on the pathway.

ECOFRIENDLY STREET LAMP

RAINWATER HARVESTING Rainwater harvesting is a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater. Due to the limited space of Kota Lama, using rooftop for the catchment area is the best option. In the most basic form of this technology, rainwater is collected in simple vessels at the edge of the roof and stored in a storage. The harvested water can be used as drinking water or for other daily need. Moreover, by using rainwater harvesting the groundwater intake could be decreased and even untaken anymore so it can help recharging the groundwater. By saving the groundwater, Kota Lama will be able to cope with the land subsidence and water runoff into the city. In the end, the town could be flood-free.

A conventional street lamp consume a lot of electricity. Change the conventional street lamp with solar powered lamp will reduce energy cost because it comes from renewable resource, sun. The solar panels will absorb the sun energy, convert it into electricity, and the electricity will be stored on the battery to light up the lamp when the night comes. Using solar powered lamp is very advisable for Semarang because the city has high density of sunlight. We also design the street lamp with hanging vase of plant to absorb the rain water, reduce the heat and beautify the city.

GREEN PAVING BLOCK The area was built with dense paving block, so we upgrade it with green paving block. The green paving block is more spacious and the gap between it will be planted with grass.

This kind of paving block will allow water to enter the soil more than the conventional paving block does.

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MINI PARK When the rainfall, the water will enter the soil through the green paving block and when it can’t absorb water anymore, the excess water will be absorbed by the park. The park also cooling down the temperature around the area to give more enjoyable walk. To make the area livelier during the night, the tree on the park will be attached with beautiful LED lamp. Furthermore, LED lamp is well-known consume less electricity than the conventional lamp.

Econnected City

GREEN STAND Another way to attract tourist come to the area is by providing delicious local foods and souvenirs. It will not only increase the tourist but also give financial impact to the local community. The green stand is designed to meet those opportunities.

We called it green stand because it is equipped with vertical garden. Vertical garden is a way to “greening� the area with a limited space. It will help absorbs the water from rain and reduce the heat in the area. The seller also can use the vertical garden for urban farming. They can plant vegetables and herbs, such as tomatoes, rosemary, and chili, and use it in their food.

DESIGN PLAN FOR EAST RIVER WALK PARK DIKE

Waterfront City as a connector between communities and environment in Kota Lama

When the high tide comes, this area will face the flood first before the water enters the city. Dike is an embankment built to prevent the overflow of the river. Dike is normally dry but when the high tide raises the water level, it will be submersed to prevent the water enters the city. The plan is to make the dike multifunction, by designs it as a green space and public space along the river.

DESIGN PLAN FOR KALI SEMARANG WATER TREATMENT Since we are planning to make Kali Semarang into a public area, it is necessary to purify the river water, at least remove the smell from the river so that the visitor can enjoy both the waterfront area in Mberok Bridge and Kota Lama without being distracted by the smell of the river water. Besides the need to improve the drainage system, we can do a water treatment in the river bodies through these following steps:

The dike is designed as a green space not only to prevent the tide flood enters the city but also reduce the runoff by absorbing the water when the rainfall and prevent the city from pluvial flood. It also planted with various vegetation to help regulate air quality by produce oxygen and filter pollutants and dust from the air, provide shade and lower temperatures in this urban area.

Step 2: Filter Layer The clarified water is then passing through filter layer to remove smaller particle. It made of steel net and have lots smaller pores than the screening layer.

Step 1: Screening Layer Screening layer made of vertical metal strakes separated by narrow gaps. The river water passes through a screening layer and it will capture floating and submerged large debris such as trash, leaves, and branches.

As a public space, the park will be provided with many facilities including amphitheater, pathway, and bench.

The key is in the small features of urban furniture, which generate a stronger relationship between users and the space. In addition, it offers people an opportunity to meet and get together and gives them the chance to sit and enjoy some marvelous scenery.

Furthermore, the park is planned with universal design to approach people with disabilities.

This Riverwalk connects directly the river with the Kota Lama area.

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Step 3: Carbon layer In the last stage, the river water is passed through a net filled with activate carbon. During this stage, any organic compounds are adsorbed onto carbon particles. Carbon also removes any unpleasant tastes or odors from the water. After passing through this layer, the water will be proper to flow in the waterfront area and give pleasant experience for visitor.

Econnected City

Waterfront City as a connector between communities and environment in Kota Lama

3. Preserving the Heritage

NEW DESIGN FOR MBEROK BRIDGE

This new tourist attraction will increase the visitors of Kota Lama. They will encourage the government and the communities preserving Kota Lama because it gives many opportunities, especially for local revenue.

Mberok Bridge established in the 18th century and has become one of important historical buildings in Kota Lama. Nowadays, it was in bad condition. The safety rail was rusty, some of the sidewalks was broken, and the paint was fading.

Redesign this bridge without changing the whole appearance will attract more visitor and also save its heritage. The bridge is redesign by adding extended space on the side of the bridge to give stimulating landscapes of Kali Semarang.

// HOW CAN WE LINK AND FIT INTO SEMARANG ENVIRONMENT? 1. Improve Water Quality First, there will be water treatment to purify the polluted water from the upstream. Moreover, the waterfront city will gradually trigger a sense of belonging to Kali Semarang and make people stop throwing their waste into the river because they understand how the Kali Semarang will impact the whole city. It will clean up the river and improve the water quality in Semarang. If the quality of the water is good enough, the river becomes a new water resource and supply clean water for Semarang especially for the downstream area like the port of Tanjung Emas.

2. Flood Prevention

// HOW CAN WE LINK AND FIT INTO SEMARANG COMMUNITIES?

The plan will increase the water absorption and prevent the overflowing river when the high tide comes. It will protect the heritage building from environmental impact and people around Kota Lama. Furthermore, since the river works properly, the function of Polder Tawang will increase. When the heavy rain pours the Polder Tawang, the water can be pumped into the river and prevent Polder Tawang area, including Tawang Station, from the flood.

1. Repair the Broken Links Kota Lama and modern city of Semarang is separated by Kali Semarang. The only thing that connects them is Mberok Bridge and it was in bad condition. The waterfront area will make the site is livelier and connects the broken links.

3. Improve Air Quality As the number of green spaces in the city increase, the oxygen supply will increase and the carbon emission will decrease because the vegetation will purify the polluted air. It also cools down the temperature in Semarang, especially in Kota Lama. The trees provide shades for the pedestrian and give pleasure moment of walks.

2. Urban Space The master plan is designed to become a public space for the communities.

The waterfront area is surrounded by many communities and each of them has different need and activities. By giving a space for everyone, the site will become the center of communities’ activities.

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CHAPTER 3: STAKEHOLDER AND BUSINESS ANALYSIS

Econnected City

Waterfront City as a connector between communities and environment in Kota Lama

// STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS

PRIVATE COMPANY In the execution of waterfront city construction, private companies take a role in making a cooperative relationship with the local government to optimize the investments made by the private sector to be more directed to improve the welfare of the society. From this relationship, the government has to give supports in permit and policy so that private companies could fund, design, build and operate the public facilities that have been agreed.

It is essential to realize, we need to address the importance of engaging the wide base of ‘stakeholders’ in the process which attempts to bring these stakeholders together from the local and national levels to inform, support, and implement an integrated management action plan. The main stakeholders we need are the government, the society and the privates (companies). By those 3, we separate them into their own role for more details.

// BUSINESS ANALYSIS

GOVERNMENT To actualize the development plan of Kali Semarang which will turn the Kota Lama, firstly we need to get the approval from the local government as a decision maker so that the “Econnected City” plan can be realized. The government is divided into a various policy areas including the Mayor as the local government who has to lead the development of Semarang, Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA) to assist the Mayor in the regional administration especially for research and development planning.

Key Partners

Key Activities

Value Proposition

Customer Relationships

- Local Community - Government - Companies

- Festival/ Event - Maintenance - Tourism - Networking with Communities & SME

- Creative Public Space - Unique Old Town Experience

- Community based

- Small and Medium Enterprises

CITIZEN

Key Resource - People - Funding - Local Culture - Historical Site

Besides the institutions that are required to monitor and maintain the environmental of Kali Semarang and Kota Lama, basically, the society is the main stakeholders who play a role in maintaining the cleanliness of that area. This society includes the people who work in these areas, who have to be relocated, and the visitors both local and foreign. People living in that area play a role in maintaining environmental conditions as well as to be the kind face of Semarang City’s local people. People who have to be relocated is also one of the important stakeholders we have to negotiate because we also need their permission to objectify our plans.

People who work in that area have to be considered well because their workplace may be changed due to reconstruction. The visitor is also the key stakeholders because they are the main people who turn public interaction in the public area. So they have to maintain the cleanliness and the neatness in the waterfront area including Kota Lama and also a major customer for the local people who opened their business in the surrounding area.

Cost Structure

- Business District - Resilient Infrastructure - Every activities that you could imagine - One Stop Recreational Places

Customer Segment - Visitors & Tourists - Communities - Small and Medium Enterprises

Channels

- Website - Social Media - Advertisement On Site

Revenue Streams

- Operational Cost

- CSR

- Maintenance Cost - Promoting Cost

- Crowdfunding - Tax - Building Rental - Grant

The main target for this business model is society in general. For the sustainable development, the collaboration among the stakeholders is needed. In the end, the development and maintenance of Kota Lama can be done independently.

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Econnected City

EXPLANATION

For the sustainable development, the collaboration among the stakeholders is needed.

Waterfront City as a connector between communities and environment in Kota Lama

The development of Waterfront City increases communities activities in the area.

What is the benefit that Kota Lama deliver for the customer?

Key Partners

Key Activities

Value Proposition

Customer Relationships

- Local Community - Government - Companies - Small and Medium Enterprises

- Festival/ Event - Maintenance - Tourism - Networking with Communities & SME

- Creative Public Space - Unique Old Town Experience

- Community based

Key Resource - People - Funding - Local Culture - Historical Site

What are the city need and what are the city has?

- Business District - Resilient Infrastructure - Every activities that you could imagine - One Stop Recreational Places

Cost Structure

The Activities that requaired Fund and mostly become program constraint

-Give a good image for the companies -Develop a cooperation between stakeholders.

-Give a sense of proud for the partners.

-Increase stock price.

Customer Segment - Visitors & Tourists - Communities - Small and Medium Enterprises

Channels

- Website - Social Media - Advertisement On Site

Revenue Streams

- Operational Cost

- CSR

- Maintenance Cost - Promoting Cost

- Crowdfunding - Tax - Building Rental - Grant

More than 5 million people are predicted to visit Kota Lama annually and around 1000 people doing activities in Kota Lama everyday.

How a Government and other stakeholders communicates with and reaches its Customer Segments to deliver the Value Proposition

CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility, a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model involving initiatives that benefit society.

Crowdfunding: The practice of funding a project or venture by raising monetary contributions from a large number of people.

Tax: Financial charge by a state or the functional equivalent of a state to fund various public expenditures.

Building Rental: Where a payment is made for the temporary use of a building owned by another (goverment) Grant: Non-repayable funds or products disbursed by one party (government department, corporation, foundation or trust, educational institution, business or an individual).

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CHAPTER 4: REALIZATION AND CONCLUSION

Econnected City

Waterfront City as a connector between communities and environment in Kota Lama

- Cantilever sidewalk’s construction (East Riverwalk).

- Planting the vegetation - Construction of Green paving block.

- Construction of Flood Barrier (West Riverwalk) - Construction of urban facilities (green stands, lamp, bench, etc.)

// REALIZATION STEP STEP 1 PREPARATION

STEP 2 OPERATION

- Permit application to the government.

- Education from Institution & Environment Community to local resident (river function, nature, etc.)to realize that the Kali Semarang is a part of their life.

- Plan socialization to the local communities.

- Relocation and land acquisition.

- Collaboration with private sector to develop.

- Fill the stand.

- Lease Amphitheater (could be rent for music perform, mini concert, exercise/gymnastic together, theater perform, etc) - Car free day on the main street of Kota Lama (local market, could do sport, art show, etc) - Water treatment maintenance routinely.

- Park maintenance routinely.

STEP 2 CONSTRUCTION Kota Lama - Improvements drains (cleaning and repairing).

- Add water catchment area in street by Bioswale.

- Rain water harvesting on the roof of heritage Building along Kota Lama.

- Replace the street lamp with Ecofriendly lamp.

Kali Semarang - River Cleanup Program with local resident and communities.

Survey the area.

Arrange the trash and recycling facilities.

Recruit lots of volunteers (friends, families, neighbors, communities group, and environmental organizations to get involved).

Spread the word (posting on media social, flyers, etc.).

Cleanup Day! Celebration.

- Dredging and normalization Kali Semarang.

- Install the water treatment.

- Mberok Bridge renovation.

// CONCLUSION With our master plan, there are lots of contributions and benefits for people and environment. We are offer how to restore and improve water cycle in Kota Lama by design, especially how to prevent the city from flood. Moreover, the master plan give huge contribution in increasing communities’ activities in Kota Lama, which leads to economic and social growth. In another hand, the development of the waterfront city will increase people’s awareness in preserving the heritage. Last but not least, it is very important for the government, communities, and other stakeholders to complement the plan and the development of the waterfront city integrated and sustainable.

Kali Semarang Riverwalk - Landfill process to build dike (East Riverwalk).

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Satuan Tugas Walikota untuk Perubahan Iklim, Risiko Bencana & Masyarakat Miskin Perkotaan. 2011.

JAKARTA Tantangan Perkotaan Seiring Perubahan Iklim. Jakarta.

Department of City Planning. 2002. Transforming The East River Waterfront. New York.

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