AN EXPLODED FIELD. Salvaging Urbanism Vol 2. Angus Bolland
AWAY MATCH CLUBHOUSE. STAND.
7’s FOOTBALL PITCH.
GYM.
INFORMAL SPORTS.
URBAN ART.
SQUASH COURTS. HOLDING CELL.
CHANGING ROOMS.
SQUASH COURTS. HOLDING CELL.
HOTEL. LOCKERS.
5’s FOOTBALL PITCH.
AWAY MATCH STAND.
jnr FOOTBALL PITCH.
CHANGING ROOMS.
LOCKERS.
SECURITY CENTRE. GANTRY.
WEATHER STATION.
OFFICE.
INFORMAL SPORTS.
MARKET.
HOSTEL.
INFORMAL SPORTS.
GANTRY.
EXHIBITION.
MARKET. GANTRY.
WATER TANK.
FIRE STATION.
BAR.
AWAY MATCH STAND.
Program Distribution.
Briefing Document.
Arrival - Water - Security - Sport - Urban Art - Accommodation Initially the program will look to occupy the forms, spaces and zones created by the exploded field, however the final architectural should not nrecissariily be governed by them. The field needs to be tested to assess how it works as an alternative stadium.
An Exploded Field. The Alternative Stadium. Athens is a city routed in sporting history. The founding location of the Olympics sport and sporting venues are key locations in the urban landscape. Historic stadia sit alongside their contemporaries. The historic stadia (the panathanetic being an example) are preserved as monuments to the past, whereas the contemporary stadia are falling into dissrepair and are aggressively marked by fans, this is particularly apparent in the Apostolos Stadium, the home stadium of Panathinaikos where the stadium is a rich and complex layering of types. The stadium is embedded in the surrounding urban fabric has been marked by fans through graffitti and violence causing them to shape their own architectural surrounding through their actions. Football culture in Greece is a violent one. Fans from rival clubs often battle resulting in lengthy bans being enforced. In Athens Panathinaikos and in Particular the Gate 13 group are amongst the most visible and aggressive of these groups. The Group marks the city projecting their identity to greater Athens. The Exploded Field looks to reprogram the Apostolos Stadium as it is inscribed onto the surface of the Olympic Park allowing the Panathinaikos football team to play in their games in the Olympic Stadium. The relocation allows for the Olympic Park to be reactivated as an area for the public sport and exercise being more regularly used through the introduction of new programmed activities. The field recodes activities of the historic stadium providing spaces for training, coaching and viewing. The field creates a dense urban patch on the site. Sitting on the north edge of the Olympic park the field creates a new entrance condition with connections to the existing metro station and main road to the north. The field acts as a filter, separating home and away fans pushing them and pulling them in different directions in an attempt to reduce violent outbursts. Out with of match days the field brings a diverse range of recreational sporting activities and auditoria spaces to reactivate the greater site. The new development incorporates flooding defences through deflection basins and a new drainage system to deal with Athens issue of flash flooding occuring in the winter months.
Arrival.
Water.
Arrival at the park is an important moment. There is an existing road and metro line found at the north of the site which links the Olympic park to Greater Athens. Sports fans use this metro link to gain access to the Olympic Park and surrounding area. The metro line is a busy route with the Athens mall only one stop away. Fans and visitors should be able to arrive at the park and move easily from the drop off point to the park. The arrival point should be designed to cater for large numbers of visitors arriving in the hours prior to matches. With the architecture creating multiple routes to create separation between rival fan groups. There should be a main volume which gathers the home fans, this would provide the opportunity for ticket sale kiosks and vendors of match programmes etc to sell to fans creating an indoor market space. The arrival space should also provide accommodation for site administration. When not in use for match day arrival the space should be configurable as a large social venue suitable for concerts, talks and other events.
Global warming has caused Athens to suffer from flash flooding annually in the winter months. This flooding is related to the cities geographical location as it sits by the coast surrounded by hills acting as a basin, this alongside the poor sanitation means that the cities existing drainage system cannot cope with the large volume of rainfall. The proposal looks at creating a network of storm drains to deal with the additional water and bring it to the Olympic park where the water can be stored protecting the vulnerable northern suburb areas of the city. The water should be filtered to remove debris and energy generated through its movement into the park. The water should be stored on the site in reservoirs and tanks before slowly being released into the sewer system or stored for use on site. In order to analyse the local weather conditions and predict when the flood defences are required a weather station located on site will monitor the conditions in the area allowing the site to be prepared to deal with the flooding.
Metro Station Area: 3500m2 Ticket offices, Ticket Gates, Platforms, Tracks, WC, Cleaner stores, Staff rooms Arrival Hall Area: 4600 m2 New Metro Platform for metro line Vehicle drop off Ticket Sale Kiosks /market stall (5 m2 per Kiosk) Indoor Market stair/500 seat fan zone (1250 m2) Site Administration offices. Dealing with the running and organisation of the park, (250 m2) Internal Auditorium. 200 seat auditorium (300 m2) Rooftop bar. (Roof area:2100 m2) Services, WC, Storage etc (700 m2)
Precedent: Jean Nouvel - Danish Radio Concert House Copenhagen - 2009 AREA 25 000 m2 Interested in the reading of the building, the contrast between the sectional reading of the interior spaces and the external elevation
Flood water filtration centre Area: 3000 m2 Filter Screens Laboratories Turbine Room Substation Overflow reservoir WC/Services Storm Water Drainage System Area: N/A m2 Water channels connected to wider city Water Storage tanks (each tanks 25m2 x 24 Tanks) Flood Basins (2000m2 to hold approx. 12000mm3 of flood water) Weather Station Area: 100m2 Weather Monitoring Instruments Weather Balloon Living Quarters (for max 2 meteorologists)
Precedent: De Urbanisten - Water Square Benthemplein Rotterdam - 2013 Urban Water Management strategies. Post-Works - The Filter House 2012 Prototype dwelling that sits in a flooded landscape and is altered by the water.
Security.
Sport.
With so many fans arriving at the site for match days there needs to be a level of crowd control and management built into the architecture. This is a requirement due to the violent nature of some fan groups. The routes of home and away fans should be controlled through the architecture with security presence there to nullify any violent outbreaks. The number of security guards will vary depending on a number of factors including: the opponent, based on the team rivalry and history of violence in past matches, number of home + traveling fans, time of the match and any political or wider issues that could cause tension among the community. With this in mind Guard numbers could be expected to range between 20 – 250 with the numbers being strategically deployed across the site. A Security centre must be able to cater for these officer numbers. If incidents occur there should be holding cell facilities for violent fans to assist with removal from the site. Alongside match day security a new fire station to serve the existing on-site fire administration building will serve the northern suburbs of Acharnes, Marousi, Chalandri and Kifisia..
The proposal should look to reactivate the Olympic park as a centre for sport bringing locals in to use the facilities. Alongside the existing sporting facilities found on the Olympic site new less formal activities should be introduced. To allow the entire site to become a space for local residents to exercise changing facilities will be required. These facilities should be able to cater for teams changing and for independent public use. Sports pitches and activity spaces should be designed to operate as flood basins with minimal damage to the playing surface. A new clubhouse building should provide facilities for viewing sport on site alongside indoor social spaces. With football away matches in Greece being poorly attended the sites auditoria spaces should be configurable as “away game stands” allowing fan groups experience the match together.
Clubhouse Area: 500m2 Seating Sports Viewing Canteen Bar Sports Storage WC
Security/Riot Centre Area: 500m2 Surveillance Room/Tower Storage for equipment Break Room Control Office WC/Services Gantry/Upper walkway (2500m2) Holding cells (260m2) Remote security posts (5m2 each ) Fire Station Area: 800m2 Apparatus bay (External) Vehicle maintenance(200m2) Administrative and training areas. (400m2) Residential areas (200m2)
Football Pitches 11’s (6000m2) 7’s (1200m2) 5’s (375m2) Away Match Stands: East (970m2) West (570m2) North (100m2)
Changing Facilities Area: 200m2 Changing rooms Shower Sauna/Steam room WC Storage
Precedent: Bovenbouw - Fire station Antwerp - 2014 AREA 990 m2 Small scale fire station enorporating excersise spaces
Precedent: Copeland Associates - Soccer Clubhouse Auckland- 2017 AREA 900m2 Linnear Clubhouse design
Accommodation.
+Program.
With so many visitors expected at the site especially at weekends when the majority of events occur there is a need for on-site accommodation. This will take the form of an independently run Hotel and a Hostel to cater for differing needs visitor requirements (fans-sports teams). These accommodation blocks should be easily accessible from the site entrances with routes for hotel services access designed into the site.
Hostel Area:400m2 50 Bed hostel Kitchen Facilities Communal Break room Reception Office WC/Showers
Hotel Area:1200m2 100 Bedrooms Restaurant Reception Bar Laundry Store Function room Meeting rooms
Precedent: Yasutaka Yoshimura - Capsule Hostel Chiba Prefecture, Japan - 2012 AREA 149.85m2 Small scale hostel development
O-office Architects - Youth Hotel Guangdong, China - 2014 AREA 1800m2 Hotel in former immigrant dormitary building.
Urban Art. The park should offer a space for urban art and expression, to allow the public to take ownership of the area as they have done at the historic Apostolos Nikolaidis Stadium which has been marked with murals and graffiti over the years. The site should permit graffiti through the materiality of the architecture allowing the fans to control aspects of the appearance of the site. Social spaces for urban groups should form around activity spaces such as skate parks and recreational spaces which are designed to accept flood water. Graffiti centre Canvases Skate park
Precedent: SNE Architects-Rabalderparken Skate park Roskilde - 2012 AREA 1000m2 Skate park operating as a flood basin
The form of the exploded field creates the opportunity for temporary program to occupy the space around the built structures. These more temporary programmable spaces are seen as playing pitches for these activities where courts can be marked out to create areas for weekly markets, outdoor exercise stations, Temporary architectural installations using salvaged material etc.
Available areas: 800m2 1000m2 1650m2 875m2 2400m2 840m2 1475m2 1500m2 750m2
Additional Program Outdoor Market. Gym Seating Bars Informal sports areas (table tennis/boules etc) Street Food Storage Lockers Temporary installation Salvaged components Exhibition Space Parade Route
Site Plan. 1:4000 1. An Exploded Field 2. Flood Grid 3. Indoor Training Hall 4. Olympic Tennis Centre 5. Olympic Stadium 6. Olympic Indoor Sports Centre 7. Swimming Centre 8. Olympic Veladrome
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Site User. Through the briefing document the scope of the project is clarified. This scope brings a wide range of people to the site as they use different parts of the program located in the field. Through analysis of potential “people� in relationship to program they may encounter. This information can then be used to test the field.
Programmatic testing. The program is applied to the field. The programmatic use by the “people” allows a series of routes to be generated through the site. This allows for potential “pinch” points to be located which is an important factor to consider when moving mass numbers of people through the site.
Ground. The Ground condition of the exploded field in derived from a trace of the 2004 Olympic plan. This creates a juxtaposition of geometries between the concentric rings and the exploded field. Readings of the past architectural can therefore be gained through the ground. The materiality of this ground relates to its programmatic adjacencies, expected footfall and permeability.
Concrete. Polished Concrete. Existing. Running Track. Rubber. Clay. Reed Bed. Astro Turf. Grass. Sand.
An Exploded Field. 1:1000 N
Site Connectivity. The site has a strategic position in relation to wider Athens due to metro line. This high speed connection effectively shortens the distance to the site allowing it to be used not just by locals in the surrounding suburbs but the residents of the whole city.
Aerial.
Site Plan 1:500 N
Flooding. With Athens becoming prone to annual flash flooding in the suburbs the proposal allows the Olympic site to accept flood water and act as a basin for the residual water that cannot be dealt with by the cities drainage system. The arrival hall contains a water tank which stores water pumped from a filter station and rainwater drained from the roof deck. This “grey� water is used by the fire station and by the buildings on site. In severe flood conditions there are pitches and auditoria which can act as basins and reed-beds absorb the excess water.
Low.
Medium.
High.
Flooding Timeline. The Site will accept flooding from the hills to the north of Athens. The on site weather station will aid in predicting potential floods with the coordinating of site preparation being controlled on site from the site administration building found in the Arrival block. The filtration centre is an automated pump station sitting to the north of the field. It uses filter screens of varying perforation diameter to reduce debris levels. This water is then pumped to the water tank where it can then be used on site or overflow if required.
No Flooding
Low
Medium
High
Severe
Filtration Centre
Metro Station
Water Tank
Reed Bed
Site Levels. The existing road and metro lines provide set levels to identify with. These heights are picked up by floor levels and walkways to aid movement across the site. The new level of a 1500mm flood line is imposed. The site is carved into to allow water to flow through and across the site.
Site Movement/Route-making.
Site Operation Home / Away. The site operates with program becoming activated based on the event taking place on site. Home football matches and large scale concerts in the Olympic stadium are the most intense in terms of people flooding onto the site and therefore put the most strain on the sites infrastructure. The fans are filtered through the arrival hall before making their way to the venue.
Away Match.
No Match.
Home Match.
Text + Route making. Controlling large numbers of visitors to the site is important. Traditionally signs are used to direct crowds towards their destination. The on site architecture becomes layered with text at different scales allowing their program to be read from multiple viewpoints. This programmatic graffiti looks to aid route-making and navigation through the field without the need to be lead by a map or traditional sign post.
Detail Section.
Section Details.
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1:20 extracted details
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Roof Deck 1. 20mm Toughened glass balustrade 2. 250mm deep structural sealant 3. 200mm pre-cast concrete beam with nosing
4. Setting Block 5.Guttter formed with DPM to fall to south end. 6.25 mm Metal Durbar Plate 7.Open drain to tank below 8.700mm Waffle slab roof deck
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Stair/Wall Connection 1. Stair: 120mm concrete riser, 20mm mortar, 160mm concrete slab, 235 x 200mm carrier beam. 2.Ceiling: exposed polished concrete 230mm, 100mm insulation, 2 x 25mm ply deck sarking boards. 3.Mechanical Light box 4.10mm perforated steel panel fixed to 50mm square section steel frame.
5. Painted 25mm ply board, 50mm timber stud frame, DPM, 600mm RF concrete “flood level� wall. 6. Steel fixing bracket 7. 250mm RF concrete column 8. Double Glazing window unit, aluminium frame. 9. Folded sheet metal capping, 10mm durbar steel cladding, 70mm timber stud, 100mm insulation between concrete columns.
Office Facade 1. 250mm reinforced concrete column 2. Double Glazing window unit, aluminium frame. 3. Floor: 15mm tile, 50mm screed + wet underfloor heating system, 50mm rigid board insulation, 300mm reinforced concrete 4.Steel Fixing bracket, 2x 100*180mm square section, 200mm L plate , 1050mm bracket,
fixing plate. 5.20mm fixed toughened glazing pane 6. Pre-cast 400 x 50mm concrete louvre 7.100mm insulation, 12.5mm plasterboard 8. Recessed electronic blind 9.mechanically operated vent
Construction Process. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Empty Site GF walls Office basement + Road Stair 1F walls Metro Stair Office Columns + Stair Core Office Floor slabs Office External Skin Tank/Roof Columns Tank/Roof Balustrade, Gantry, Market
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Arrival + Fire Station. N
1:200 Plan 1. Security Station 2. Circulation stair core 3. Site Administration offices 4. Market Stair 5. Fire Vehicle Garage 6.Yard 7. Accommodation Block 8. Changing room 9. Raised Gantry Walkway 10. Market stall
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Market Stair.
Arrival Hall. The arrival hall is passed through by visitors arriving by metro line or bus. The hall incorporates site administration offices alongside the market hall, water tank, function space on the roof terrace and site storage facility for market stalls and other portable devices.
Exploded Arrival. Chimney Vent
Vertical Concrete Louvres
Glazing + Fixing brackets
Secondary Steel for facade
Office internal glazing + Floor-slabs
Glass Balustrade Waffle Slab Concrete roof-deck Water Spout Steel Staircase
Concrete Columns
Pre-cast Concrete Stair 2
Flood water Pipe
RF Concrete Walls
Pre-cast Stair 1
Gantry
B
Noise. The arrival block sits adjacent to the metro line and road networks to the north of the site. These, along with the high levels of foot-traffic must be considered when designing interior spaces. The office block looks to reduce the dB levels through dampening the and using a dual skin (East: perforated metal + glazed window units. West: precast Concrete louvres with glass infill + glazed window and stud wall).The office block and its structure sit separately to reduce noise and vibrational transfer between the structures.
SECTION A-A
B
A
SECTION B-B
A
Lighting. Ensuring that the arrival block is appropriately lit is an important consideration for the safety of users, particularly with many events potentially taking place in the evening.
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1. Concrete Lantern Pre cast concrete panels fixed to base of stair around carrier beam interior painted white. 4 florescent tube lights hung from ceiling. Polycarbonate diffuser panel.
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2. Timber Light box 25mm ply light box fixed to 50mm stud frame. 4 florescent tube lights hung from ceiling. Electric motor and wire cables allow for the light-box to open 2.
Winter.
Flood Line
Summer.
Ventilation. Summer - The double skin facade to the west (right side) acts as a chimney allowing the hot air to be drawn out of the office spaces. Through vents in the glazing panel and office wall with cool air moving through from the open east facade. Winter - Thermal slab heats the office space to the desired temperature with the vent in the west facade wall open-able to draw the warm air out if the temperature becomes uncomfortable.
Exploded Office.
Metal Mesh Facade
Vertical Concrete Louvres
Steel fixing brackets + Walkways
Spiral Staircase
Interior office walls
Interior office walls
Insitu cast concrete columns
Office Section detail. 1:25
Market Stalls. Market stalls are owned by the vendor. This sense of ownership brings a sense of responsibility to the vendors. These stalls are marked, allowing them to be located in their respective positions. The stalls act as a shop front but also as a storage locker allowing the merchandise to be kept on site ready for sale. These market stalls are stored within the arrival block when not in use or when flooding is expected.
Fire Station. The fire station utilizes water stored in the tank and serves the sites adjacent northern suburbs. The station is comprised of a series of simple structures holding the program of, water storage, vehicle garage, accommodation/office space, changing rooms and fire hose drying tower.
Movement in an emergency.
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Away match stand + Hostel. N
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1:200 Plan 1. Raised Gantry Walkway 2. Fire Hose drying Tower 3. Away match Standing 4. Away match Seating 5. Projector room 6. Bar 7. Market 8. Hostel Circulation tower 9. Hostel Lounge 10. Dorm Room 11. Wash Room 12. Reception
Away Match Stand. The away match stand provides a location for fans to gather and experience away matches as a group. The away match stand combines a standing and seated section where seating can be spun to face onto various screens offering flexibility. The dense structure houses a bar and WC facilities which can be accessed through the stand or from ground level.
Hostel. The hostel block is positioned in the shadow of the Prosfygika housing. The Hostel provides 84 beds across 14 dorm rooms. The linear arrangement of rooms allows for the Eastern facade to be used as a projection screen for the away match stand when it is unrolled.
Vol 2.