International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-12, December 2016
Effect of different AM Fungi inoculation on growth, biomass, yield enhancement and nutrient uptake in cultivar Sankeshwar of Capsicum annuum L Jyoti Puttaradder, H. C. Lakshman Abstract— The selection of AM fungi is required to characterize the native AM fungi population from the soil types. The recent studies have clearly reported that these fungi are host preference in enhancing the growth, yield and nutrient. In the present study six indigenous AM fungi were selected from chillies growing fields of Haveri. These six AM fungi were inoculated to cultivar Sankeshwar of Capsicum annuum L. at green house conditions. Plants harvested at 60 and 90 days after inoculation. The results obtained from the experiments were clearly evidence that the positive influence of Glomus macrocarpum Tulasne & Tulasne. on cultivar Sankeshwar of Capsicum annuum L. plants in increasing plant height, root length, fresh weight of shoot and fresh weight of root, % root colonization, spore number and P uptake in shoot and root. Similarly the improvement of number of fruits was higher. The second AM fungus Rhizophagus fasciculatus (Thaxt.) Walker & Schüßler was influenced in all the different parameters it is followed by Glomus mosseae respectively. And thus an indigenous AM fungi play an important role over the control plants or non inoculated plants. This is mainly due to AM fungal species differ considerably in their efficiency to colonize and influenced plant growth biomass yield and nutrient uptake.
the two symbionts is at the core of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association and reciprocal transfer is a requirement for a functioning symbiosis [9]. The first model to quantify the contribution of the external fungal mycelium to plant P uptake was developed by [10]. The current day emphasis is on sustainable agriculture, which uses less of chemical inputs like fertilizers and pesticides having adverse effect on soil health, fertility and environment. Thus use of microbial inoculants play an important role in sustainable agriculture [11], [12]. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are known to improve the nutritional status, growth and development of plants, protect plants against root pathogens and offer resistance to drought and salinity [13]. Though these fungi are not host specific, recent studies have clearly brought out host preference in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Host preference has been reported in many plants like Casuarina euisetifolia [14]; Tectona grandis [15]; Garcinia indica [16], and a few medicinal plant species like Phyllanthus amarus and Withania somnifera [17] and Coleus forskohlii [18]. Capsicum annuum L. is one of the important pepper plants widely cultivated all over the world. It is the most popular condiment being used to add zest and flavor, a large green, non-pungent forms, and eaten row salads. It yields “paprika” which is used as flavoring and coloring material in cookery. Commercially large quantities of paprika are used in the manufacture of sausages and other meat products. Cultivar Sankeshwar of Capsicum annuum L. is an important agricultural crop, not only because of its economic importance, but also due to nutritional and medicinal value of its fruits. Capsicum annuum L. are the excellent source of natural colors and antioxidant compounds [19]. A wide spectrum of antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, capsaicinoids and phenolic compounds are present in hot pepper fruits. The intake of these compounds in food is an important health-protecting factor by prevention of widespread human diseases. As consumption continues to increase, hot peppers could provide important amounts of nutritional antioxidants to the human diet. Screening of efficient AM fungi for this plant was not investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to select a suitable AM strain for its improvement of growth biomass yield and Phosphorus uptake in mycorrhizae inoculated and non inoculated plants.
Index Terms— Indigenous AM fungi, Capsicum annuum L., Glomus macrocarpum, Rhizophagus fasciculatus, Glomus mosseae, per cent root colonization, plant biomass, spore number, Haveri.
I. INTRODUCTION Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophic organisms belongs to Glomeromycota that live symbiotically with the roots of plants. The nutrient deficient soils usually harbor more AMF [1]. Hence, their ecological significance is enormous. AMF play an important role in plant nutrition and soil nutrition [2], [3]. Nearly 90% of land plant species harbor AMF. AMF associations were also found in aquatic habitats [4]. AMF help in plant nutrition and disease resistance and also provide an alternative to chemical fertilizers particularly in land reclamation, habitat restoration and sustainable agriculture. Microorganisms have been found to solubilize the low soluble calcium phosphate via the production of exo-metabolites (Phosphatase) and make them available to plants [5]. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) has long been suspected of being involved in phosphate efflux from arbuscules because of strong ALP activities at arbuscules [6], [7]. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important in mobilizing phosphorus (P) nutrition in many soils through hyphal transport to the plant [8]. Nutrition exchange between
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Collection, Surface Sterilization of Seeds and preparation of seedlings: Cultivar Sankeshwar of Capsicum annuum L. was procured from Horticulture Research Station, Haveri (Devihosur) – 581110 (University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot India). The study area of its geographical location lying in
Smt. Jyoti Puttaradder, M.Sc. in Botany Karnatak University Dharwad. Pavate Nagar-580003, Karnataka, India; +918722932708(M) Dr. H. C. Lakshman, Professor, Department of Botany Karnatak University Dharwad. Pavate Nagar-580003, Karnataka, India; +918497093878(M)
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