OVERSEAS YACHT CLUB AT MARINA BAY, MUMBAI

ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT II Titled “OVERSEAS YACHT CLUB AT MARINA BAY, MUMBAI ” AN ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT II REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE UNDER SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

AN ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT BY

TATHED ANKET SANJAY

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

AR. LEENA JAIN

SINHGAD TECHNICAL EDUCATION SOCIETY’S

SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE S. NO. 44/1, VADGAON (BK), OFF SINHGAD ROAD, PUNE-411041

2018-2019

DECLARATION

I TATHED ANKET SANJAY, hereby declare that the Thesis Project report on “OVERSEAS YACHT CLUB AT MARINA BAY, MUMBAI” for the fulfillment for the Bachelor of Architecture course of Sinhgad College Of Architecture , Pune is record of my own work.

It is original work done by me and the information provided in the study is authenticated to the best of my knowledge.

The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma.

TATHED ANKET SANJAY FIFTH YEAR B.ARCH ‘B’

TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1.1. INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC…

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1.1.1. SYNOPSIS OF YACHT CLUB AT MARINA BAY SITE 1.1.2. REASON FOR SELECTION OF TOPIC 1.1.3. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF WATER TRANSPORTATION 1.1.4. NEED OF STUDY 1.1.5. AIM AND OBJECTIVE 1.1.6. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

2.1. RESEARCH AND DATA COLLECTION…

5.4. SITE SELECTION ON EASTERN WATERFRONT OF MUMBAI (RE- DEVELOPMEN OF MBPT LAND) 5.5. SITE CONTEXT

9-28

2.1.1. LITERATURE STUDY 2.2.1. DATA COLLECTION

3.1. CASE-STUDIES…

5.6. SITE DETA 5.7. SITE JUSTIFICATION 5.8. SITE STUDY

29-77

3.1.1. LIVE CASE-STUDIES 3.1.2. BOOK CASE-STUDIES

3.2.

5.3. CASE STUDIES OF YACHT CLUB IN MUMBAI

5.9. CURRENT SCENARIO 5.10. ON SITE ACTIVITIES AND IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDY ON YACHT CLUBS

5.11. SWOT ANALYSIS

3.3. FLOATING STRUCTURES

6.1 REFERENCES… 102

3.4. CASE-STUDIES OF FLOTING STRUCTRES

100-

3.5. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PROGRAM FROM CASE STUDY 4.1. DESIGN PROGRAM FOR YACHT CLUB …

78-79

5.1. SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS…

80-99

5.1.1. YACHTING INDUSTRY AND ITS EVOLUTION IN INDIAN CITIES

5.2. SITE SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Architectural Project II: Overseas Yacht club

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1.1. INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC 1.1.1. SYNOPSIS OF YACHT CLUB AT MARINA BAY SITE: 1.1.1.1. BACKGROUND: Water transportation is one of the oldest forms of transportation method and to trace its origins we have to go back thousands of years. Water transportation plays an important role in tourism sector and has developed into industry in itself.

Water transportation relating tourism sector can be classified into cruise industry and Yacht industry. Yacht industry is generally used for transportation over relatively short distances as compared to cruise ship which transports more number of people over long distances.

The yacht industry has changed drastically over the past few decades and now can be associated more with Leisure tourism. However Yacht/Yort ship is more used as form of transportation carrying passenger for different types for purposes. Yacht/Yort ship tourism has since the 1950’s become an extremely popular global activity. A yacht is generally is defined package that includes a yachting itinerary spanning a defined period of time. Yacht which were at one time considered as the prerogative of the rich, it is today a fast reaching option for wider leisure market representing one of the fast growing sectors worldwide.

1.1.1.2 WHAT IS YACHT CLUB? A Yacht club is a sports club specifically for Yachting.

A Yacht club are generally located by the sea established at a lake or riverside locations.

Such Yacht clubs have a marina for the yachts and boats for supplies, repairs facilities, refuelling, etc.

Onshore such Yacht club also include a perimeter reserved for the exclusive use of members of the club like clubhouse, restaurants, accommodation facilities, café where member socialize in a pleasant and informal setting.

Yacht club became a place to promote the sport of sailboat racing and cruising, as well as provide a meeting place for the particular social community. The members are a mixture of people with specific recreational amenity. Generally, the members include those who sail as crew for cursing or racing, as well as boat owners. Also it is up to the members decide on the objective of the club to satisfy the membership and to attract other like-minded individuals. For example, some clubs include owners of powerboats, while others specifically exclude them. In order to overcome difficulties concerning the affinities of their member’s one particular club may have two sections, a sailing section and a powerboat section.

Yacht clubs are often known by their initials (e.g. New York Yacht Club abbreviated as NYYC and Kamini Yacht Club abbreviated as KYC). Many well-known yacht clubs, including the Yacht Club de France and the Royal Yacht Mumbai, have been established under royal patronage or have been granted the title at some point in their history.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Architectural Project II: Overseas Yacht club

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1.1.2. REASON FOR SELECTION OF TOPIC: 1.1.2.1 CRUISE TOURISM:

1.1.2.5. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE:

Tourism since the 1950’s became an extremely popular global activity. A cruise is generally a defined package that includes a cruise itinerary spanning a defined period of time. Cruise which was at one time considered as the prerogative of the rich, it is today a fast reaching options for wider leisure market representing one of the fast growing sectors worldwide. Cruise market trends indicate a qualitative as well as quantitative consolidation in the industry, with cursing gaining greater significance in the global ‘Tourism Pie’.

1.1.2.2. FACTORS TO MAKE UP CRUISING: 1. Attractions- include interesting destination and itineraries.

2. Facilities on board- include a total holiday and entertainment package.

3. Transportation- having the ability to move from one place to another without the need of packing and unpacking at each destination.

4. Hospitality- having professional staff looking after you in luxury.

India’s reputation as an enchanting exotic, historic and beautiful destination. Would enable the country to make an instant international Yacht positioning and move into the Yacht destination market. Cruise operates and liners are more than ever searching for new destinations and itineraries.

1.1.2.6. INDIAN MARKET: India’s long coast line and strong port positioning imparts a natural advantage to the country to attract international Yacht lines. India’s positioning in south East Asia and its proximity to already Popular yacht destination would enable strong yacht circuits to be created over a period of time. The cruise ports selected for development are also strong tourism states, especially Kerala, Goa, Chennai and Mumbai. This could provide an important platform for cruise tourism to take off.

The government of India has recognized cruise and yacht to take off. The government of India recognized cruise and yachting tourism as a thrust area and initiated a number of positive measures to promote the cruising and yachting industry and position India as global cruise destination. India today is poised making significant mark in the interaction.

1.1.2.7. CURRENT RELEVANCE:

YACHT MODEL

India has yet to develop this cheaper and greener mode of transportation. Goods still travel by congested road and rail networks, slowing the movement of cargo, adding to uncertainties and increasing the costs of trade. So much so that logistics coast in India are estimated to account for as much as 18% of the country’s GDP.

YACHT MODEL

1.1.2.3. YATCH OR YORT SHIP:

1.1.2.8. LUXURY LIFE STYLE BY THE PEOPLE FOR THE PEOPLE:

Yachting industry has seen an exponential growth in Indian markets in recent years with great potential to flourish in future. To boost the industry further by attracting the right user base towards the sport and creating awareness amongst the people to accept the sport more widely.

Yacht club is proposed to cater to encourage water sports activities by providing an exclusive space which can house activities pertaining to the sport.

1.1.2.4. GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE: Through the ages, rivers have served as effective waterways carrying people and goods over long distances. Even today many countries depend heavily on inland water transport especially for large and bulky cargo as it is cheaper and more reliable and less polluting than transporting goods by road and rail.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

DEFINING LUXURY / EXTRAVAGANCE LIFE: THE SEARCH FOR A NEW MEANING – In Recent years, the fever of Luxury Lifestyle has become increased significantly all over the world. Luxury is a culture, and we need to understand it to habitually practice it and maintain it in your lifestyle. Nowadays there are two distinct types of luxury: the selective and the mass. Millions of dollars are spent each year by brands that want to convince us that buying their products will make us a better person. We will then belong to an ‘elite class’ who can afford to buy into the exclusiveness and quality that the brand promoters promise but, in the globalized world. Pressure from profit-thirsty shareholders forces organizations to reduce production costs, so greater profit margins can result from trading.

This in turn has forced production to second and third world locations where the traditional, high-quality goods are replaced with mass-production and often result in an inferior product.

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Luxury has undoubtedly played a great role in the history of economic development. A good or service that is not considered a necessity but is considered as something that brings pleasure or happiness. For example, an individual might purchase an expensive automobile because of the status and comfort that it will bring, though a used car would suffice for traveling purposes.

Luxury is the inevitable concomitant of the growth of wealth, which brings with it the increase and the differentiation of wants. The fact that the fundamental needs of mankind for a minimum of food, clothing, and protection from the weather are relatively soon satisfied gives rise to a demand for greater variety and finer qualities as soon as income rises above the bare subsistence level. This demand has, in the past, been a great stimulus to economic progress, for it has provided an enormously strong incentive to work and effort.

1.1.3. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF WATER TRANSPORTATION: 1.1.3.1. ORIGIN: Ships and boats are the oldest types of transport. The first ships were built thousands of years ago. Ships and boats are used for travel, by the armed forces for our defense, for fishing, for transportation cargo between countries, and for leisure, sport and relaxation.

Three quarters of all goods carried from country to country must cross oceans and seas in ships and boats.

1.1.3.2. STAGES:

1.1.3.4. YACHTS IN THE PRESENT DAY: A major change observable today over yachts from hundreds of years ago is they’re no longer just sailing boats – they now contain engines. Size-wise, there are many vessels afloat today which easily exceed 100 meters in length.

The use of yachts as practical vessels and transporters of the wealthy have continued to this day. They are however being used less for work, as other boats and ships are better built for laborious tasks, including industrial fishing and shipping.

There are various types of yachts, including daily yachts, weekender yachts, racing yachts, luxury sailing yachts and superyachts. Privately-owned yachts are now used for leisure activities as well as cruises. Yachts are also raced in various competitions, and this stems from its roots as a fast vessel.

Nowadays, yachts are still known for being associated with the rich and famous. In fact, the vast majority of luxury yacht and superyacht owners are Ultra High-Net-Worth Individuals (UHNWIs), whose net assets are above $30,000,000 (USD). In 2015, it was estimated that there are some 2,00,000 of these individuals around the world.

1.1.3.5. SUPERYACHT BOOM: A superyacht is predominantly defined as a luxury yacht that is over 24 meters in length.

Luxury yachts are very expensive, hence their association with wealth. They are privately owned and professionally-crewed sailing or motor yachts. Between 1997 and 2008, there was a dramatic increase in the size of yacht builds, however demand for the largest yachts dropped off slightly between 2009 and 2011. It has picked up again in the years since, with numerous superyachts measuring in excess of 180 meters being commissioned this year.

1) Rafts- made by tying several logs together with creepers. This was the first kind of water transport that a person could steer.

2) Boats- made by hollowing out logs. A frame boat, built like a basket and covered with animal skins was another varies early boat.

3) Viking longboats- these ships had sails as well as up to 60 oarsmen who rowed this ship. The longboats were able to travel on the open sea, as well as long rivers.

1.1.3.3. THE EVOLUTION OF THE YACHT: Yachts have evolved tremendously since the Dutch yacht boom of the 1600s. Yacht comes from the Dutch word ‘Jacht’ meaning hunt. The reason these vessels were associated with the word hunt was because they were light and fast to chase pirates by the Dutch Navy.

Yacht sales continued to grow across Europe as the vessels became increasingly used for transporting both people and cargo over long distances. They were also included in expeditions as they were initially intended for, and this led to the discovery of new lands.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

SUPERYACHT MODEL

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1.1.4. NEED OF STUDY:

STAGES:

The Need of a studies an idea to present and justify the want to look at a studies hassle and to give the practical methods in which the proposed study must be conducted. The design elements and processes for engaging in the research are governed by means of standards in the predominant area in which the problem resides 1. Due to the absence of essential infrastructure such as Yacht / Yort-ship club and jetties has been one of the reasons for the slow development of water transport in India. There is a need for study principal of design of club. As waterway transport is not sufficiently spread in India there is a need to study international standard to build better infrastructure and attract international tourist as well as local public towards this mode of transport.

Viking longboats

2. There is need to study strategies to build the building that will withstand and sustain in calamities like tsunami.

3. There is need to study CRZ rules and regulations to build the club building that will understand limitations and scope in foot print of club boiling.

4. There is also need to study end users of this type of facilities that will withstand and service provider and also owner of the club premises.

5. To study of current situations and feasibility of club building within premises of Yacht club, their berthing platform and how to maintain privacy of luxury at bay level.

6. Demographic study of current transport and feasibility of water transport also needs to be studied to calculate the capacity of the building.

Rafts

7. A detailed study is essential to understand the spaces within a Yacht club to host different types of users pertaining to different activities within the structure.

8. To analyze the spatial arrangement within a site in accordance to its users, and activity and observe the following circulation patterns 9. To understand the combination of the functional and aesthetical aspect of the structure.

Boats

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Architectural Project II: Overseas Yacht club

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1.1.5. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: 1.1.5.1. AIM OF THE PROJECT: A). THE MAIN AIM: The main aim of the design Is to provide a water transport and luxury facility which will focus not only on the club function and services as the mode for public transportation but also envisions a holistic development of the area being connected by waterways by integrating the waterway system with the high class luxury facility system for the city.

B). THE SUB AIM OF DESIGN: 1)

The club should be an initiative to boost water transportation within the country as well.

2)

To encourage people to learn about the sport through sailing academy and to provide a place for people for similar interest to socialize and grow the community.

3)

To welcome foreign and local tourist by providing spillover spaces between their cruising activity.

4)

To provide a place for celebration, social events and gatherings spaces of club members as well as tourist.

5)

To provide a place for yacht owners to deck their yacht.

1.1.5.2. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT: A). OVERALL OBJECTIVE: 1) TO MAKE USE OF UNDERUTILIZED WATERFRONT SPACES IN THE ISLAND CITY (MUMBAI) FOR PUBLIC OPEN SPACES AND SPORTS AND RECREATION AREAS. Mumbai, starved of public spaces, is grossly deficient in terms of minimum standards.

While the recommended open space is 4 acres per 1000 people for cities, Mumbai (Inland city) has only 0.03 acres open spaces on this stage. It is vital for the mental and physical well-being of the common populace to have places of recreation near offices or adjacent to homes; spaces where a person can have places of recreation near offices or adjacent to homes; spaces where a person can unwind and relive himself of the painful urban stress that he/she has to undergo on a daily basis. Public waterfront open spaces from an excellent place for citizen to unwind during their spare time. They provide a sense of openness and an un-quantified abundance of visual space – much needed in our congested city.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Architectural Project II: Overseas Yacht club

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B). SUB- OBJECTIVE: 2). TO REVITALISE DEFUNCT DOCKS AND MAKE THEM RELEVANT TO CITY OF TODAY. As Mumbai moves into the post-industrial phase, with the ever-changing nature of users and aspirations in the city, the docks along the city’s eastern edge are grappling with transportation. Many docks lie defunct and unused, mainly due to fact that most port activity has shifted to Jawaharlal Nehru port in Navi Mumbai. These docks and harbors, through now unused are still an infrastructural resource of the city, and could be put, to use for purposes that would greatly benefit the city. (e.g.- water transport, Ferry terminal, Cruise terminal, Yacht club, Recreational boating harbors, tec.) Such uses would put the alreadybuilt-up edge and the harbor's to good use, while transforming the docks from vacant to vibrant.

3). TO ENCOURAGE CITIZENS TO APPRECIATE THE SEA AS AN ASSET OF THE CITY. In most cities, waterfronts act as areas that improve the quality of life of citizens, and are the most opted public spaces of interaction. One of Mumbai’s greatest assets is its extraordinary coastline and its unique and picturesque waterfronts. Tragically these are also Mumbai’s dumping ground-both literally and metaphorically, abused by reclamation, sewage disposal and encroachment.

It is ironic that Mumbai, which originally comprised of 7 islands has very little of its natural sea frontage left. The few accessible beaches are often abused by hawkers and garbage.

The BMC continues to discharge large amounts of untreated sewage into the sea. In addition, garbage is being dumped in low-lying area (inter-tidal zone). CRZ violations, discharge of industrial pollutants and the destructions of mangroves eco-system only make matters worse. The high pollution level makes it unsafe to swim and have an adverse on effect on aquatic life. Fisherman difficult to find fish for a livelihood.

As Mumbai grows richer as a city, it grows poorer as a place, with a degrading quality of life.

In the mundane routine of life, we citizens of Mumbai are losing bond with the sea and any attempt to being to close to it is vital.

4). TO ASSIST IN CONVERTING VITORIA DOCK AND PRINCESS DOCK LAND INTO A DEVELOPMENT NODE FOR THE OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF MUMBAI’S EASTERN WATERFRONT. 5). TO CREATE A VISUAL CONNECTION TO NAVI MUMBAI AND THE HINTERLAND. The visual connection from the eastern edge of the city across the harbor, could go a long way in the public’s imagination and weave the Navi Mumbai area (which otherwise seems distant and remote) into what we perceive as the metropolitan area.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

1). YACHT HARBOUR / CLUB: 1. Study the role of space conditioning in architectural environment and the keywords being healthy, safe, and clean with thermal, visual and auditory comfort.

2. Assessment of the existing status of ecological (terrestrial and marine) and socioeconomical aspects of environment.

3. Understanding the design process and role of architecture in the design of Yacht club and world class luxury facility.

4. Studying the scope of interactivity in architecture through contemporary material and techniques and translating the sensory experience warmth, excitement, repose into recognizable building aspects that promote real user response.

5. This new technological achievement is changing in the more definition of experience and perception. Thereby sending conventional architectural definitions of space and sensory experience for spin. The objective will be to study the consequences of this paradigm shift.

6. To provide safe shelter, storage, related services and facilities for recreational boat.

2). TO BRIDGE THE LARGE DEMAND-SUPPLY GAP FOR YACHTING FACILITIES IN MUMBAI. Boat is currently moored off Apollo bender, near the gateway of India, in an unplanned, haphazard fashion. Domestic as well as foreign visitors are inconvenienced due to the lack of a safe shelter for their Yachts and lack of facilities. There is an urgent need to allocate specific berthing space with all logistic facilities such as road connectivity, bunkering, boat repairs stations and fueling stations for yachts and also café and restaurants.

3). TO ENCOURAGE SAILING AS RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT. While luxury yachting is on the rise, sailing as a sport has been relatively low-key in Mumbai, mainly due to facilities. In recent years there has been a steady increase in the recreational optional available to Mumbai citizens. New malls, theatres, etc. are cropping up all over the city, but sailing facilities have not been upgraded in years. Sports club provide the required facilities for other sports, making them much more accessible to the people. Building a marina will therefore renew interest in the sport.

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5). TO BOOST TOURISM, PARTICULARLY IN MUMBAI AND ALONG THE KONKAN COAST. There is tremendous scope for yachting, particularly for the state Maharashtra. The Konkan coastline is rich as it is studded with forts and estuaries and the encouragement of sailing will help boost tourism. a) To boost the boating industry in Mumbai. b) To create alternative employment opportunities for people from fishermen communities. c) To use the shelter provide by the quays of the site maximum advantage, thus eliminating the expense and environmental implications of having to build a sheltered harbor for a new marina.

6). TO FURTHER ENLIVEN THE WATERFRONT BY HAVING ACTIVITY ON WATER, IN ADDITION TO THAT ON LAND. The presence of the boats in the marina provides an additional unique of interest for the public. Boat watching and watching opening bridges or lock gates in operational form attractions in themselves. Bobbing boats and nautical flags enhance the visual character of the waterfront, making the marina an added attraction for public. (Views of the sea = sea with activity on it.)

c) To allow people who do not own their own sailing boats, to sail using the yacht club’s boats. d) To provide a venue for sailing enthusiasts to meet and share their experience. e) To promote sailing as a sport.

3). RETAIL (SHOPPING AND RESTAURANTS) : a) To draw larger number of locals as well as tourist to the waterfront. b) To provide the necessities required by yachtsmen who may be staying on their boasts. c) To liven up the waterfront. d) To create a source of revenue for the waterfront. i. ii.

Leisure shopping for locals.

Commodity shop and services (e.g. hair salons, dry cleaners, spa etc.) for visiting yachtsmen who stay on their boats. iii. Handicrafts and tourist-oriented shopping. iv. Restaurants, cafĂŠ, bars and eateries- for locals, tourist and yachtsmen.

4). MARITIME MUSEUM :

1.1.5.3. FACTORS OF SPACES: 1). PUBLIC SPACES, PROMENADES, BOARDWALKS, SQUARE ETC.

1. To collect, store, conserve, research and present information, artefacts etc. related to the maritime history of Bombay.

b) To create pedestrian and cyclist routes around the waterfront, that are pleasant and comfortable for people to walk or cycle along.

2. To entertain as well as educate visitors on the maritime history of Bombay (fishing, trade and industry, defense, transport, recreation/ leisure) and the present day maritime activity in the city (fishing communities, navy , coast guard, port trust, recreational yachting, water transport possibilities etc.)

c) To connect the different areas of the waterfront.

3. To maintain a library and a resource center for researchers.

d) To provide public area where people can unwind, take walks, exercise, walk their pets, play, meets friends, relax, enjoy the harbor views, contemplate, celebrate, hold cultural events etc.

4. To allow visitors to have a vantage point view of the Mumbai harbor, port and hinterland form a viewing tower.

a) To increase social interaction at the waterfront.

e) To increase the socio-cultural value of the waterfront.

5). TEMPORARY EXHIBITION GROUND : 1. To provide a space for temporary exhibitions fairs etc.

2). YACHT CLUB :

2. To serve as a playground and open space (an extension of the park) when not being used for exhibitions.

a) To bring sailing to beginners interested in learning the sport. b) To provide a platform for professional sailors to race and compete.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Architectural Project II: Overseas Yacht club

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1.1.6. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS: 1) SCOPE: THE SCOPE OF WORK INCLUDES: Site planning, club building, arrival spaces, departure spaces, Berthing platforms, office, administration, recreational facilities, accounts department, maintenance, parking spaces for taxi, buses, cars, auto’s etc. a) The project will be a landmark for the yachting industry in the region and contribute to the tourism of the state. It will boost the existing industry and attract foreign interest. b) The facilities provide at the present yachting industry are failing short of services and infrastructures. c) A berth layout for anchoring Yacht / Yort-ship and boats. d) A club with recreation facilities such as food courts, restaurants, bars, shopping area and clubhouse with related activities. e) Since the club is private building it will be open for all type of club members and also some part of yachting services open for high end public with diverse range of background. f) The design would serve to be as important structure and gateway of Yachting industry in Mumbai city.

2) LIMITATIONS: a) The following research is limited to the study of yacht club and its working. The project however confines its user base primarily to water sports enthusiasts and is meant to cater to its activities apart from leisure and social spaces. b) Live case study of international standard for the Yacht club is limited. c) Thus areas are to be providing which will keep the club equipped during other times as well. d) As far as the domestic cruises are concerned, the development is at lower pace. Statics show that development of Yacht industry boost after 5 years.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Architectural Project II: Overseas Yacht club

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2.1. RESEARCH AND DATA COLLECTION 2.1.1. LITERATURE STUDY 2.1.1.1. YACHTING INDUSTRY AND ITS EVOLUTION IN INDIA: A) ORIGIN: Yachting was introduced in India in the 1830s by the erstwhile Maharajas, Nawabs and Governors. The first recorded race sailed on 06 Feb 1830 in Bombay (now Mumbai) till 1950s, the five active sailing clubs were based at Mumbai, madras, Bangalore, Barrack pore and Nainital.

The Yachting association of India (YAI) was constituted in 1960 for promoting the sport in the country. It is affiliated to the international sailing federation (ISAF). There are currently 40 club affiliated to the YAI, spread over the various parts of India.

Yachting industry and its evolution

B) MARKET SIZE: India’s pleasure boat industry is rather nascent.

According to industry sources, it was only after the 2007 boat exhibition of Mumbai that the interest and awareness among the people shoot up. Now approximately 120 boats to over Rs. 1 billion for super luxury yachts, the revenue turnovers can be misleading. The current revenue of India pleasure boating industry is estimated to range from Rs. 1.5 Billion to 5 Billion per year.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

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2.1.1.2. IMPORTS OF YACHTS:

2.1.3. MAJOR DESTINATION IN INDIA FOR YACHTING INDUSTRY

As per the official import data compiled by ministry of commerce and industry and industry, the total important of yacht and other vessels for pleasure/sports in 2007-08 were valued at US $20.81 million, representing an almost 8 times increase over the previous year. Italy was by far the leading source of imports (with 24.4% share), followed by USA, UAE and other European countries.

Location is a key element and constraints in the development of yachting as a national phenomenon in India. The nature of yachting limits the locations to only the few cities with good waterfronts and marinas. At present MUMBAI, GOA and KOCHI are the only yachting destination in India.

The data also supports the industry feedback that the demand for yachts in India has increased exponentially in the last two years.

Gateway to India monument and the slip (left) where marina-less yachts embark

Imports percentage chart of Yacht in India

2.1.2. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A YACHT CLUB AND SAILING CLUB: Although the terms yacht club and sailing club to be synonymous, some general difference regarding the recreational use of boat can broadly outlined, historically a yacht club tended to focus on a membership composed of yacht owners, including motorboats. This type of club often was extremely exclusive, attracting the aristocracy or the high class and leaving.

Yacht Club

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

The number of luxury yachts in Goa has also seen a rapid increase with the total number of such yachts reaching over 200 in just the last five years.

Yachts make do with mooring out of the city of Kochi.

Sailing Club

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2.1.4. COASTAL REGULATION ZONE (CRZ): Under the environment protection act, 1986 a notification was issued in February, 1991 for regulation of activities in the coastal area by the ministry of environment and forest (MOEF).

As per the notification, the coastal land up to 500m from the high tide line (HTL) and stage of 100m along banks of creeks, estuaries, backwater and river subject to tidal fluctuations, is called the costal regulation zone (CRZ). CRZ along the country has been placed in four categories. The above notification includes only the inter-tidal zone and land part of the coastal area and does not includes the ocean part. The notification imposed restriction on the setting up and expansion of industries or processing plants etc. in the said CRZ.

The design and construction of building shall be consistent with the surrounding landscape and architectural style.

3. CATEGORY 3 (CRZ 3): 1) Area that are relatively undisturbed and those which do not belong to either category 1.

or

1. CATEGORY 1 (CRZ-1): a) Area that ae ecologically sensitive and important, such as national parks/marine parks, sanctuaries, reserve forests, wild habitats, mangroves, coral/coral reefs, area of outstanding natural beauty, historical and heritage areas, area rich in genetic biodiversity, areas likely to be inundated due to rise in sea level consequent upon global warming and such as may be declared by the authorities. b) Areas between the low tide line and high tide line.

These will include coastal zone in the areas (Developed and undeveloped) and also area within municipal limits or in other legally designated urban area which are not substantially built up.

2) Areas that are relatively undisturbed and those which do not belong to either category 1.

or

These will include coastal zone in the area (Developed and undeveloped) and also area within municipal limits or in other legally designated urban area which are not substantially built up.

• REGULATIONS:

 REGULATIONS:

a) The area up to 200m from the HTL is be earmarked as ‘No Development zone’. No construction shall be permitted in this zone except for repairs of existing authorized structure not exceeding existing FSI, existing plinth area and existing density.

However, the following uses may be permissible in this zone-agriculture, horticulture, gardens, pastures, parks, play fields, forestry and salt manufacture from sea water.

No New construction shall be permitted within 500m of the HTL.

2. CATEGORY 2 (CRZ-2): The area that have already been developed up to or the shoreline. For this purpose, ‘developed area’ is referred to as that area within the municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas which is already substantially built up and which has been provided with drainage and approach road and other infrastructural facilities, such as water supply and sewerage mains.  REGULATIONS: a) Building shall be permitted neither on the seaward side of the existing road (or road proposed in the approved coastal zones plane of the area) nor on the seaward side of the existing and proposed road. Existing authorized structures shall be subject to the existing local town and country planning regulations including the existing norms of FIS/FAR. b) Reconstruction of the authorized building to the permitted subject to be existing FSI/FAR norms and without change in the existing use.

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b) Development of vacant plots between 200 and 500 of high tide line in designed areas of CRZ-3 with prior approval of ministry of environment and forest permitted for construction of hotel/beaches resorts for temporary occupation of tourists / visitors. c) Construction/ reconstruction of dwelling units between 200m and 500m of the high tide line permitted as long as it is within the ambit of traditional rights and customary uses such as exiting fishing villages and gothics. Building permissions for such constructions / reconstruction will be subject to be conditions that the total number of dwelling unit shall not be more than twice the number of existing units; total area covered on all floors shall not exceed 9m and construction shall not be more than2floors (ground floor plus one floor) d) Reconstruction / alternation of an existing authorized build permitted subject to (1) to (3) above.

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4. CATEGORY 4 (CRZ-4): Coastal stretches in the Andaman and Nicobar Island, Lakshadweep and small islands, except, those designated as CRZ1, CRZ2 and CRZ 3.  REGULATIONS: ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS: a) No new construction o building shall be permitted within 200m of HTL.



Mean low water springs (MLWS) – The average of the two low tides on the days of spring tides.

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Lowest astronomical tide (LAT) and Chart Datum (CD) – The lowest tide which can be predicted to occur. Modern charts use this as the chart datum. Note that under certain meteorological conditions the water may fall lower than this meaning that there is less water than shown on charts.

b) The building between 200m and 500m from the HTL shall not more than 2 floors; the total height of construction shall not exceed 9m. c) The design and construction of building of building shall be consistent with the surrounding landscape and total architectural style. d) Corals and sand form the beaches and coastal waters shall not be used for construction and purposes. e) Dredging and underwater blasting in the and around coral formation shall not be permitted. f) However, in some of the islands, coastal stretches may also be classified into categories of CRZ-1 or 2 or 3 with the prior approval of the MOEF and in such designed structures.

World map of Tide Roles

2.1.5. DEFINITIONS: From the highest level to the lowest Highest astronomical tide (HAT) – The highest tide which can be predicted to occur. Note that meteorological conditions may add extra height to the HAT. 

Mean high water springs (MHWS) – The average of the two high tides on the days of spring tides.

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Mean high water neaps (MHWN) – The average of the two high tides on the days of neap tides.

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Mean sea level (MSL) – This is the average sea level. The MSL is constant for any location over a long period.

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Mean low water neaps (MLWN) – The average of the two low tides on the days of neap tides.

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Mean low water springs (MLWS) – The average of the two low tides on the days of spring tides.

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High tide and Low tide

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2.1.5. STRATEGIES TO RESIST NATURAL WATER FORCES: 2.1.5.1. TIDE WHAT IS A TIDE? Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun, and the rotation of the Earth.

In Maine (U.S.), low tide occurs roughly at moonrise and high tide with a high Moon, corresponding to the simple gravity model of two tidal bulges; at most places however, the Moon and tides have a phase shift.

High tide, Alma, New Brunswick, Canada in the Bay of Fundy, 1972

Low tide at the same fishing port in Bay of Fundy, 1972

Tide changes proceed via the following stages: a)

Tides vary on timescales ranging from hours to years due to a number of factors, which determine the lunitidal interval. To make accurate records, tide gauges at fixed stations measure water level over time. Gauges ignore variations caused by waves with periods shorter than minutes. These data are compared to the reference (or datum) level usually called mean sea level.

While tides are usually the largest source of short-term sea-level fluctuations, sea levels are also subject to forces such as wind and barometric pressure changes, resulting in storm surges, especially in shallow seas and near coasts.

Tidal phenomena are not limited to the oceans, but can occur in other systems whenever a gravitational field that varies in time and space is present. For example, the shape of the solid part of the Earth is affected slightly by Earth tide, though this is not as easily seen as the water tidal movements.

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b) c) d)

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Schematic of the lunar portion of Earth's tides, showing (exaggerated) high tides at the sublunar point and its antipode for the hypothetical case of an ocean of constant depth without land. There would also be smaller, superimposed bulges on the sides facing toward and away from the Sun.

Sea level rises over several hours, covering the intertidal zone; flood tide.

The water rises to its highest level, reaching high tide.

Sea level falls over several hours, revealing the intertidal zone; ebb tide.

The water stops falling, reaching low tide.

ANALYSIS OF TIDE: The Highest Astronomical Tide is the perigean spring tide when both the Sun and Moon are closest to the Earth.

THE MAIN PATTERNS IN THE TIDES AREi. ii. iii. iv.

The twice-daily variation The difference between the first and second tide of a day The spring–neap cycle The annual variation

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For the analysis of tide heights, the Fourier series approach has in practice to be made more elaborate than the use of a single frequency and its harmonics. The tidal patterns are decomposed into many sinusoids having many fundamental frequencies, corresponding (as in the lunar theory) to many different combinations of the motions of the Earth, the Moon, and the angles that define the shape and location of their orbits.

For tides, then, harmonic analysis is not limited to harmonics of a single frequency. In other words, the harmonies are multiples of many fundamental frequencies, not just of the fundamental frequency of the simpler Fourier series approach. Their representation as a Fourier series having only one fundamental frequency and its (integer) multiples would require many terms, and would be severely limited in the time-range for which it would be valid.

Range variation: springs and neaps Tidal forces affect the entire earth, but the movement of solid Earth occurs by mere centimeters. In contrast, the atmosphere is much more fluid and compressible so its surface moves by kilometers, in the sense of the contour level of a particular low pressure in the outer atmosphere.

The types of tides

Neap tide: Sun and Moon at 90째

Illustration by the course of half a month Spring tide: Sun and Moon on the same side (0째)

Spring tide: Sun and Moon at opposite sides (180째)

A regular water level chart Spring tide: Sun and Moon at the same side (cycle restarts)

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Neap tide: Sun and Moon at 270째

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2.1.5.2. TSUNAMI WHAT IS A TSUNAMI? A long, high sea wave caused by an earthquake or other disturbance. A tsunami, also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.

HOW IT IS GENERATED?

Wave patterns

INDIAN TSUNAMI: The earthquake and resulting tsunami in the Indian Ocean on December 26th, 2004 had a devastating effect on India .According to the Indian government, almost 11,000 people died in the tsunami and over 5,000 are missing and feared dead (Ministry of Home Affairs) . It is estimated that 380,000 Indians have been displaced by the disaster and reconstruction is expected to cost more than 1.2billion dollars (World Bank) the areas hardest hit by the tsunami were the south eastern coast and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

1). NATURAL WAYS: A. SHORE STEEPNESS: The wave ravels with the greater speed having a lower steepness as shown in Fig…Speed of a wave can be reduced by making a higher steepness at shore in step l as shown in Fig… Planting denser forest of mangroves which can slower.

The tsunami wave with a great speed can be slower down by planting Mangroves and Woodland at the shore. Mangroves slower down the intensity of wave and removes debris from tsunami An ideal plan for a reconstruction with a control system is shown in fig ..

2). ARTIFICIAL WAYS: A. ALIGNMENT OF BUILDINGS:

TSUNAMI WAVES

Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other under water explosions (including detonations of under water nuclear devices,) landslides, glacier calving’s, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.

Unlike normal ocean waves which are generated by wind, or tides which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun, at sun ails generated by the displacement of water.

Alignment of building Keeping building at inclination to the direction of tsunami can divert the waves, as it damages the structure which is perpendicular which is perpendicular to the waves. So it is better to keep the building at 30 degrees to 45 degrees.

B. CONTROL SYSTEM: A conceptual controlled design shall be developed for coastal zone (figure..) by a proper permanent protection system including disaster warning system, land use planning and Tsunami evacuation system incorporating several elements as follows:

Wave patterns

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a) A complete protection by bio-shield having mangroves and woodlands. b) Proper land use planning (at least 1km away from the coast line).

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A EVACUATION BUILDING (EB) WITH SALIENT FEATURES: a) The EB should be raised on columns to allow seawater to pass beneath the structure and open in other times to make activities.

D). SEISMIC ISOLATION: The concept of seismic isolation- often called base isolation- is over one hundred years old.

The first patent was field in 1909 by an English physician who proposed talcum powder as the means of isolating load bearing walls from their foundations. During an earthquake the budding remains almost stationary while its foundations, subject to the energy of earthquake waves, move violently to-and-fro with the ground Roiling of the ball-bearings accommodates the relative moment between super-structure and ground.

b) The safe floor level shall be set above the most of the rare tsunami events. c) A roof terrace shall be designed to provide more refuge area. d) Exterior stairs should be visible to easily identify the evacuation building. e) The lower level accessibility shall be planned with the use of elevators designed to be functional after the earthquake. f) Strategies for wave energy dissipater to reduce tsunami actions on the TEB can be provided.

Image showing what is seismic isolation

Image showing types of base of isolation

g) Exploitation of renewable energies can be promoted.

C). IN WATER TREATMENT: Breakwater is a tough structure which is not overturned even when it is deformed by a large- scale tsunami, damage behind the breakwater will be mitigated, because its toughness will restrict the flow rate of the tsunami behind the breakwater. Delaying the arrival of the tsunami in the land behind the breakwater. So breakwaters must be tough structures. Which are as resistant as possible to overturning, even by a tsunami that is larger than the design Tsunami.

Image showing what is difference between conventional and seismic isolation building

Breakwater

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Image showing what is effects between conventional and base isolation building

Breakwater

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2.2. DATA COLLECTION : 2.2.1. UNIVERSAL STANDARD:

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2.2.1. UNIVERSAL STANDARD:

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2.2.2. THE EYE PERCEPTION:

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2.2.3. RAMP AND STAIRCASE:

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2.2.4. ESCALATORS:

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2.2.5. ELEVATORS (LIFTS) :

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2.2.6. SMALL (GOODS) LIFTS:

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2.2.7. DESIGNING FOR VEHICLES:

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2.2.8. CLUBHOUSE:

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2.2.9. CLASSIFICATION OF BOATS:

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2.2.10. YACHT AND MARINA:

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2.2.11. BERTHING PLATFORM:

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2.2.12. RESTAURANTS AND EATING PLACES:

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2.2.13. KITCHEN:

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2.2.14. MUSEUM AND GALLERY SPACES:

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3.1. CASE-STUDIES A) LIVE CASE STUDIES: 1) YAS MARINA YACHT CLUB LOCATION: ABU DHABI, UAE. ARCHITECT: OMIROS ONE ARCHITECTURE 2) PANORAMA HOUSE LOCATION: NASIK, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA ARCHITECT: AJAY SONAR

B) BOOK CASE STUDIES: 1) YACHT CLUB MONACO LOCATION: MONACO, EUROPE ARCHITECT: NORMAN FOSTER + PARTNERS 2) YACHT CLUBBELO HORIZONTE LOCATION: PAMPULHA, BRAZIL ARCHITECT: OSCAR NIEMEYER’S 3) WATERFRONT EATING PLACE LOCATION: YUVAN XIANG LAKE,CHINA ARCHITECT: PRO-FORM ARCHITECTS 4)LOUVRE MUSEUM LOCATION: ABU DHABI,UAE ARCHITECT: ATELIERS JEAN NOUVEL

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3.2. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDY ON YACHT CLUBS:

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3.3. FLOATING STRUCTURES 3.3.1. SIMPLE STRUCTURES: A). NORTH POLE Greenland The most simple floating structure is ice. Ice is the solid shape of water, and fl oats because the density of ice is lower than that of water. Ice can be found all around the world and therefore probably the most common floating structure. In the northern regions in the world, close to the north pole there are a lot of icebergs floating in the ocean.

The floating islands in Lake Titicaca C). ASIA Cambodia Not only in South-America, but also in Asia, there are floating island structures. One of them is in the province Siem Reap of Cambodia. The people that live there, which are mostly fishermen, have been living on water for centuries. The lake that they live on is the largest lake of South Asia, and called the Tonlé Sap Lake.

Iceberg near Greenland - North Pole B). SOUTH AMERICA Bolivia - Peru The Titicaca Lake is the largest lake of South-America, with an area of 8340 square km.

The Titicaca Lake is situated in the Andes mountain range on the border of Peru and Bolivia.

It is situated at 3.812 meter above sea-level and is the highest commercial navigable lake in the world. The depth of the lake is in most places between 140 and 180 meter and the deepest point is about 280 meters.

This lake has an area of about 2.600 square kilometers in the dry period, but increases during the rain-period to about 24.600 square kilometers, which is almost ten times larger. There are different kind of villages in and around the lake, the ones in the lake is the Chong Khneas village, which is practically always floating, except when there are really dry periods. Mostly they change their location so that they always stay floating and there are close to the fi sh.

Unlike the Chong Khneas another community of three villages, called the Kampong Phluk, is not floating but placed on six meter high stilts, which lift the buildings above the water. During the dry period, the water in the lake is low. Then the villagers move out of their houses build temporary houses on the ground. When the water level rises again, they demolish there temporary houses and move back into their original houses.

This lake is inhabited by the Uros-Indians. The islands are made from totora reeds stacked together. The islands are created many centuries ago and need a lot of maintenance. The reeds at the bottom of the island structures rot away quickly, so new reeds are added at the top constantly, about every three months. After thirty years the islands are replaced by new ones. The islands are anchored with ropes attached to sticks driven into the bottom of the lake.

About forty islands are inhabited, and almost everything on the islands is made from reed, like the houses and the boats. Because the islands are mostly placed in un-deep waters, the islands sometimes are on the ground and when the water level is high the islands are floating.

A disadvantage is that the rotting process is generating gasses, these are unhealthy and are creating all kind of health issues for the people.

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The floating city of Chong Khneas

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D). VIETNAM In South-east Asia a lot of floating villages can be found, not only in Cambodia, but also in Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and China. Where the Cambodian floating dwellings look like normal houses, the Chinese floating villages exist mostly out of small boats or rafts.

The floating villages in Vietnam exist out of small houses build on top of rafts. The rafts exist out of wooden planks, which are connected to empty barrels and jerry cans as fl oaters. Like western people only would build for fun or in a survival situation.

Spiral Island I

Floating structure of Spiral Island II

3.3.2. FLOATING SCHEMES OF THE DIFFERENT STRUCTURES: For these different systems They made some schemes showing the principals of the structures. All these different systems have the same principal; a building or object, on a simple floating body, which are working according to the law of Archimedes.

Village on water, Halong-Bay Vietnam E). MEXICO SPIRAL ISLAND : The British artist Richard Sowa has built two floating artificial islands in Mexico, called the Spiral Island. The first was destroyed by a hurricane in 2005; the second has been open for tours since 2008.

1). Spiral Island I : The first island consisted from filled nets with empty discarded plastic bottles which supports a structure of plywood and bamboo. On this structure there was poured sand and planted numerous plants, including mangroves. The island had a two-story house, a solar oven, a self-composting toilet, and three beaches. In total around 250.000 bottles were used for the 20 by 16 meter structure. The mangroves keep the island cool, and became 5 m high.

3.3.3. HISTORY:

2). Spiral Island II : This island was initially 20 meters in diameter, which is nowadays expanded to 25 meters. Also this island is covered with plants and mangroves. This smaller island contains about 100.000 bottles. The island has three beaches, a house, two ponds, a solar-powered waterfall and river, a wave-powered washing machine and solar panels.

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Image showing Floating schemes of the different structures

FLOATING BRIDGES: One of the first floating structures was a bridge, the first floating bridge have been built in ancient China by the Zhou Dynasty in the 11th century. During the centuries, floating bridges, mostly small, have been built all over the world.

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Floating bridges were centuries ago often built with small boats, were the real bridge was constructed on. The material that mostly was used is wood.

3.3..5. THE SYSTEMS FOR DIFFERENT PLATFORMS:

Most floating bridges were used by the armies as crossings. Those bridges where usually temporary, and are mostly destroyed after crossing or collapsed and carried a long.

Nowadays permanent floating bridges are still being built. Even highway bridges with a length of more than 2000 meters are constructed as floating bridges.

3.3.4. FLOATING BRIDGE - DUBAI : The Floating Bridge is a pontoon bridge Dubai, which spans the entire Dubai Creek and is build in 2007. The bridge, which cost around 40 million euro, is a temporary bridge. The German company Waagner-Biro Stahlbau AG did the construction of the first floating bridge in Dubai.

The total length is 365 meters and the bridge has a width of 2 x 22 meters, the bridge has six lanes on two identical, mirrored decks. For each direction an independent supporting structure has been constructed. The parallel structures were designed to accommodate three lanes and one foot walk each.

The systems for different platforms FIXED PLATFORM: In shallow water it is possible to physically attach a platform to the sea floor. The legs are constructed with concrete or steel, extending down from the platform, and fixed to the sea floor with piles. With some concrete structures, the weight of the legs and seafloor platform is so great, that they do not have to be physically attached to the seafloor, but instead simply rest on their own mass. The main advantage this kind of platform is that it is incredible stable.

The only disadvantage of this structure is that it can’t be used in deep water, because of economical reasons.

TENSION LEG PLATFORM: This platform consists of a floating body, with a extra ballast at the bottom. And there is a attachment to the seafloor with tension legs. The tension legs are long, hollow tendons that extend from the seafloor to the floating platform. These legs are kept under constant tension, and do not allow for any up or down movement of the platform. But they have a flexibility which allows them for side-to-side motion.

This is good, because in this way it can withstand the force of the ocean and wind, without breaking the legs off.

Floating Bridge Dubai

SPAR PLATFORM: Spar platforms are one of the largest offshore platforms in use. These large platforms consist of a large cylinder supporting a platform. The cylinder does not extend all the way to the seafloor, but instead is Fixed to the bottom by a series of cables. The cylinders are mostly around 250 meters high and 25 meters in diameter. The cylinder makes the platform extra stable, and allows for movement to absorb the force of potential hurricanes.

SUBSEA SYSTEM: Subsea production systems are wells located on the sea floor. They do not fl oat and are not able to drill. They are always connected to an other platform to transport the oil or gas.

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3.4. CASE-STUDIES OF FLOTING STRUCTRES: 3.4.1. FLOATING HOUSE

3.4.1.1. STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS:

Middelburg, The Netherlands

The house has three levels, with a total floor plan of 160 m2. The structure exists of a steel frame structure with a foam insulation.

Architect: Herman Hertzberger Completion: 2002 Realised Category: - Floating House

The material that is mainly used is pre-coated steel, for the inside and outside covering material. Because of the round shape of the building, steel is also a good material to use, because it has a smoother finish. Because the steel is pre-coated, maintenance is almost unnecessary.

3.4.1.2. FLOATING STRUCTURE: The structure is fixed to a floating body that is made from a steel air cushion system, made from six D-section hollow steel tubes with a diameter of two meters and a thickness of 10 mm. With this system the structure fl oats on the right level. The house can be rotated 120 degree, due to the system with two steering wheels. In this way the house can be orientated towards or away from the sun. The building is fixed to the waterside with a hook, which is similar to a towbar from a car, that is connected to a ten meter long steel tube under the walkway.

Photo of the house and a steel cable The floating house (NL: Waterville) in Middelburg is a innovative example of architectural engineering. The goal was to design a building that could replace the classic, not practical designed houseboat (NL: Woonboot) and which could stay in the water for a long time without much maintenance. According to the architect, floating is freedom and independence.

Photo of the balcony above the water

Photo of the walkway (routing)

Photo of the house and the other steel cable

At first the floating house was used as a exposition space to check out its behaviour in the water and promote building on water, but now it is used as a home.

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3.4.2. DINNING ROOM : Noordwolde (Fr.), The Netherlands Architect: Goodweather / Loki Ocean Completion: 2010 Realised Category: Floating Restaurant This floating dining room, located in Vancouver, Canada, is designed by the architects, Goodweather Design & Loki Ocean.

Top view of the floating system, rotation in different positions

Floor plans of the building Isometric view of building

3.4.1.3. WHY IS THIS BUILDING FLOATING? This building is mainly floating so it can move (change its orientation) towards or away from the sun. This will reduce the use of energy for heating or cooling. Also this building was made floating to set an architectural example for new ‘houseboats’.

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This building has been built for a summer fund-raiser by The School of Fish Foundation, a non profit organization committed to promoting sustainable seafood.

The semi-enclosed space fl oats on over 1700 recycled plastic bottles. The project intends to bring attention to the abundance of plastic litter floating in the oceans, but also suggests a possible use for such waste. Due to budget and time constraints the design of the structure remains a conventional post and beam assembly allowing the framing to serve as finish.

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Drawings and diagrams of building

Bottles

Photo of building

3.4.2.1. WHY IS THIS BUILDING FLOATING? This building is mainly floating to make people aware of sustainability issues, like sustainable seafood, and the environmental pollution of the ocean due to plastic bottles.

Recycling them in a floating building is a good way to show the possibilities of a waste material.

It also shows an architectural experience of dining on the water, when a ship moves by, the whole building moves up and down and reminds you that you’re on the water. Also because the floor is transparent, you can see the plastic bottles.

Drawings and diagrams of building

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3.4.3. THAMES RIVER PARK: London, United Kingdom Architect: Gensler Architects Completion: 2011 Design Category: Floating Public space Gensler architects has made a design for a floating public space on the Thames River in London.

The float is designed along the north shore from the Blackfriars bridge to the Tower of London, the river park will be the first of its kind along the Thames, providing new views on the buildings around the river. The floating river park will be around 800 meters long and 20 meters wide. It will serve as a long horizontal connection between many landmarks that are otherwise connected with overcrowded and difficult to navigate streets.

The structure is fast-tracked to be completed in time for next summer’s 2012 Olympic games in London.

3.4.3.1. WHY IS THIS BUILDING FLOATING? This building is mainly floating to make a connection between the landmarks. In London is a mayor space problem, there is not a lot of a space available and when it is available it is very expensive. Also the demolishing of the existing buildings and then built new buildings would also take up to much time. The river is a existing horizontal connection which is now not optimal used. Because the river is already property of the government, building on it save a lot of money, because they don not have to buy a new piece of land.

Connection sketch

Also an other reason to make it floating is that it can be removed from its location, so when it is not necessary anymore or people don not like it anymore, than it can be removed without leaving a scar in the city its urban plan.

View of River park

Render of the Thames River park

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Renders of the Thames River park

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3.5. VERY LARGE FLOATING STRUCTURES (VLFS) : AS A GENERAL RULE OF THUMB, Mega-Floats are floating structures with at least one of its length dimensions greater than 60 m. a Mega-Float system consists of a : (a) very large pontoon floating structure, (b) mooring facility to keep the floating structure in place, (c) an access bridge or floating road to get to the floating structure from shore, (d) a breakwater (usually needed if the significant wave height is greater than 4 m) for reducing wave forces impacting the floating structure.

The proposal was not accepted but ever since, industry has started performing research on the very large floating structure (VLFS) technology. A major milestone was achieved by the formation of the Technological Research Association of Mega float (TRAM) in 1995. Mega float is a concept of VLFS studied by the association. The fundamental technologies of design and construction were studied and established. Design guidelines were compiled that summarized the research and a 4000-m airport was designed. Onsite experiments that used a 1000-m-long model were carried out to demonstrate the soundness of the technology. A legal process of approval and the environmental impact was investigated. In addition to this research by TRAM, additional projects were planned.

PONTOON-TYPE: VLFSs are also known in the literature as mat-like VLFSs because of their small draft in relation to the length dimensions. Very large pontoon-type floating structure is often called Mega-Floats. As a rule, the Mega-Float is a floating structure having at least one length dimension greater than 60 meters. Horizontally large floating structures can be from 500 to 5000 meters in length and 100 to 1000 meters in width, while their thickness can be of the order of about 2-10 meters.

Shipbuilding technology had attracted the attention of Japanese architects in the late 1950s, and there was movement in architecture and urban design to utilize ocean space and expand human habitat onto the ocean. The floating city project started at the University of Hawaii in 1971.

Aircushion supported Mega-Floaters are mega floaters that are supported by an air cushion

3.5.1. PROLOGUE : Japan is an island country with a total land area of 0.38 millionkm2. Of the land, 80% is mountainous and most human activities are concentrated on the plains along the shoreline.

Ocean space utilization has been a key issue for Japan. Until the 20th century, reclamation of shallow waters has been the only technology available to expand human activities onto the sea. Shipbuilding technology had attracted the attention of architects in the late 1950s.

Architects had proposed the concept of ocean space utilization using a floating structure. In the 1970s and 1980s, several concepts and designs of floating cities were published. Following this trend, a floating airport was proposed for phase 1 construction of Kansai International Airport in 1973.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Two of the 10 bases were selected to be on a floating base. The Kamigoto oil stockpile was constructed at the Kamigoto island of Nagasaki in 1988 the Kamigoto oil stockpile. The oil stockpile consists of five floating oil storage barges that measure 390m long, 97m wide, and 27.6m deep. The Shirashima oil stockpile that has seven oil storage barges that measure 397m long, 82m wide, and 25.1m deep, was constructed at Shirashima Island offshore Fukuoka City in 1996.

3.5.2. ADVANTAGES OF VLFS : These Mega-Floats have advantages over the traditional land reclamation solution for space creation in the following respects: i.

They are cost effective when the water depth is large (note that the cost of imported sand for land reclamation in some countries has risen significantly and it may come a time that sand may not be even available from neighbouring countries),

ii. Environmental friendly as they do not damage the marine eco-system, or siltup deep harbours or disrupt the tidal/ocean currents,

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i.

They are easy and fast to construct (components may be made at different shipyards and then brought to the site for assembling) and therefore sea-space can be speedily exploited.

ii.

They can be easily removed (if the sea space is needed in future) or expanded (since they are of a modular form),

iii.

The facilities and structures on Mega-Floats are protected from seismic shocks since they are inherently base isolated, they do not suffer from differential settlement due to reclaimed soil consolidation,

iv.

Their positions with respect to the water surface are constant and thus facilitate small boats and ship to come alongside when used as piers and berths.

v.

Their location in coastal waters provide scenic body of water all around, making them suitable for developments associated with leisure and water sport activities.

3.5.3. FLOATING ENTERTAINMENT FACILITIES: As the waterfront and the sea appeal to the general public, VLFSs have been constructed to house entertainment facilities with a scenic 360 degrees view of the surrounding water body.

There is a very large Floating Island (130 m x 40 m x 5 m) at Onomichi, Hiroshima. Designed to resemble the Parthenon of Greece, this amusement facility has a 3D visual image theatre, an aquarium and a marina

Floating restaurant yokohama · japan

floating island @ onomichi Hiroshima · japan

3.5.4. AIRPORTS : Proposals to use floating structures for take-off and landing of aircraft were first considered in the 1920s to enable airline routes across the world’s oceans. These concepts were investigated more seriously for military applications by the US in the 1940s and a demonstration project was built and tested successfully in 1943. With vast improvements in technology having been made, a floating airport was proposed for the new Kansai International Airport in Japan in 1973.

Although the initial phase was not built as a floating structure, interest in the concept remains strong. This is perhaps the area of VLFS research that has received the most attention, due in large part to the efforts of the Technological Research Association of Mega-Float (TRAM) active in Japan from 1995 to 2001. This association studied the fundamental design and construction needs for a floating airport to be realised. Numerical analysis tools were developed alongside an experimental programme that resulted in the construction of a 1000m technology demonstrator. The regulatory regime and environmental impact of such structures were also considered in depth and design guidelines produced. Although a floating airport has yet to be approved for construction interest remains strong, as evidenced by proposals for the extension to Haneda International Airport in Japan.

Another floating amusement facility is the Estrayer (128 m x 38 m), shaped like a ship, which is moored at the leisure pier in Kure, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The top deck is used as an event plaza while its deck below houses a movie theatre, restaurants and a game center.

The first floating hotel in Australia was located at the Great Barrier Reef. It was built in Singapore and is seven story high, 90 m long and 27 m wide. In case of a cyclone, one mooring end was disconnected and the wind would blow it around in a circle after everyone has evacuated. The floating heliport, tennis courts and pool may be disconnected and towed some distance from the hotel to ride out the storm. After one year of operation, the hotel was towed to Ho-Chi-Minh, Vietnam. It is now located in North Korea. Hong Kong boasts of having a famous floating restaurant called Jumbo Restaurant. In 1991, Japan built a floating restaurant (on a 24 m x 24 m x 3.2 m pontoon) in Yokohoma. The pier, next to the restaurant, is also a floating structure. Very large floating structures are also used as fishing piers.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Haneda International Airport in Japan

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3.5.5. FLOATING LIQUID STORAGE FACILITIES:

3.5.7. DESIGN CONSIDERATION OF VLFS :

Very large floating structures have been use d for storing fuel. Constructed like flat tankers [boxshaped] parked side by side, they form an ideal oil storage facility, keeping the explosive, inflammable fluid from populated areas on land.

Japan has two major floating oil storage systems. One oil storage facility is located in Shirashima with a capacity of 5.6 million kiloliters while the other is at Kamigoto with a capacity of 4.4 million kiloliters.

Shirashima floating oil storage base, japan

Kamigoto floating oil storage base Nagasaki Prefecture ¡ Japan

3.5.6. FLOATING EMERGENCY BASES: As floating structures are inherently base isolated from earthquakes, they are ideal for applications as floating emergency rescue bases in earthquake prone countries. Japan has a number of such floating rescue bases parked in the Tokyo Bay, Isa Bay and Osaka Bay.

Emergency rescue base Tokyo Bay

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Emergency rescue base Osaka Bay

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3.8. LOAD TYPES AND COMBINATIONS :

3.8.3. VARIOUS TYPES OF FLOATING STRUCTURES :

For each limit state that is relevant to a given structural element/assembly, sub-system or system, all load types and load combinations should be considered.

Type of design offshore platform subjects to water depth, geology condition and cost effective solution. The various types of offshore platform shown as below:

The following load types should be included in the design loop where applicable:

1. Fixed Steel Structure

a. PERMANENT OR DEAD LOADS: Permanent loads include self-weight, weight of connectors, fixed equipment, permanent ballast, etc.

2. Compliant Tower

b. VARIABLE OR LIVE LOADS: Variable loads include weight of temporary/movable equipment, people,

4. Concrete Gravity Base Structure

c. FREQUENT AND RARE ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS: Environmental loads can arise from wind, current, waves and earthquakes. Frequent environmental load represents annual maximum load, which is a random variable. d. OPERATION LOADS: Operational loads include, crane loads, berthing/docking loads, connection/ disconnection loads, etc.

3. Jack-up Platform

5. Tension Leg Platform (TLP) 6. Semi-submersible Vessel 7. Floating Production System 8. Spar Platform

e. CYCLIC LOADS: Cyclic loads include repetitive components of environmental and operational loads. f. ACCIDENTAL LOADS: Accidental loads include on-board explosions, fires, and abrupt changes in buoyancy, intermodule collision, The following considerations characterize further the uniqueness of VLFS (1) Large Size : (2) Environment Condition : (3) Design and Analysis : (4) Connection at Sea : (5) Positioning :

3.8.1. MATERIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR FLOATING BODY : The materials used for the floating body may be steel, or concrete or steel-concrete composite and the relevant specifications should be followed. Since water-tightness of concrete is important to avoid or limit corrosion of the reinforcement, either watertight concrete or offshore concrete should be used. High-performance concrete containing fly ash and silica fume is most suitable for floating structures. The effects of creep and shrinkage are considered only when the pontoon are dry, and hence not considered once the pontoon are launched in the sea. Steel used for floating structures shall satisfy the appropriate standard specifications.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Types of floating structures

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3.5. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PROGRAM FROM CASE STUDY:

SR. NO.

A

B

YACHT CLUB, BELO HORIZONTE, BRAZIL

DESCRPTION

YACHT CLUB DE MONACO MARINA, MONACO, EUROPE.

YAS MARINA, ABU DHABI, UAE.

ADMINISTRATION BLOCK Main internal offices, staff rooms and workshop.

Admin's office: 25 sqm Reception + Waiting: 25 sqm Toilets (2): 15 sqm Director's cabin: 25 sqm Office: 25 sqm

Single office at the entrance, controls the services and security: Internal office: 40sqm Toilets: 25sqm Marketing + accounts: 50sqm

TOTAL: 115 sqm

TOTAL: 65 sqm

Lobby: 20 sqm Entrance hall: 50 sqm Ticket Booth: 10 sqm

The Grand Shared entrance area with club building: 50 sqm

Lobby: 15 sqm Entrance hall: 25 sqm

TOTAL: 50 sqm

TOTAL: 40 sqm

ENTRANCE LOBBY AND TICKETING

TOTAL: 75 sqm

Admin's office: 20 sqm Reception + Waiting: 25 sqm Toilets (2): 15 sqm Director's cabin: 25 sqm

INFERENCE

The admin block must contain staff toilets, main office, info kiosk, separate office for promotion/accounts. minimum req. as per 1 empioyee:3 visitors each.

TOTAL: 75 sqm

Entrance lobby should be provided along with sufficient waiting areas depending on the foot-fall.

C

BERTHING PLATFORM

A maximum 70 yacht can do docked.

A maximum 120 yacht can do docked in varying in length from 8m to 60m.

A maximum 12 boats can do docked at quay level.

Berthing capacity of 40-50 yacht will be provided based on the number of members of yacht club and existing yachting industry scenario in the region.

D

CLUB ACTIVITY

• • • • • • • • • •

• Banquet hall • Restaurants, Cafe, Lounge and bars • Recreation areas and Party lawns • Water Sports • Sports area • Sailing academy • Viewing decks • Berthing platform • Parking • F1 race track and viewing decks • Hotels and rooms

• Banquet hall • Cafe, Lounge and bars • Recreation areas and party decks and pool • Water Sports • Viewing decks • Parking

• Restaurants, Cafe, Lounge and bars : for visitors and club members • Guest rooms : for visitors and club members • Public spaces: for under standing evaluation and importance of marine line.

• Recreation areas: space for sports and outdoor events • Water Sports : For all type tourist attraction • Sailing academy: For under standing of importance of costal region • Berthing platform : For parking of yacht at quay level • Yacht showroom : For information regarding yacht models

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Banquet hall Cafe, Lounge and bars Guest rooms Gallery for public spaces Recreation areas and party decks Water Sports Sailing academy Viewing decks Berthing platform Parking

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E

F

G

BUILT AND UNBUILT AREAS

BANQUET HALL

RESTAURANTS

TOTAL SITE AREA – 1,03940 SQM  Built-up - 24,052.16 sqm  Non Built-up - 79,887 sqm

TOTAL SITE AREA – 2,03140 SQM  Built-up – 14,714.32 sqm  Non-Built up - 1,88,426 sqm

TOTAL SITE AREA – 8887 SQ.M  Built-up – 2320 sq.m  Non-Built up - 6567 sqm

The Built-non built ratio is balanced.

The Built-non built ratio is balanced.

The Built-non built ratio is balanced.

Capacity: 150 guest Per person area: 2 to 3 sqm

Capacity : 50 - 75 guests Per person area: 2 to 3 sqm

Capacity : 100 - 150 guests Per person area: 2 to 3 sqm

TOTAL AREA: 450 SQM

TOTAL AREA: 225 SQM

TOTAL AREA: 300 SQM

Restaurants with a capacity of 80 seating along with a rooftop bar.

Seven restaurants with a capacity varying from 50-70 seating each.

TOTAL AREA: 200 SQM

TOTAL AREA: 1050 SQM

Restaurants and lounges of minimum 100 – 150 seating should be provided with a view of the yachts.

TOTAL AREA: 375 SQM

H

I

RETAIL SHOPS

SAILING ACADEMY

6 Retail shops provided - 30 sqm each.

3 Retail shops provided - 40 to 45 sqm

Total area for Retail shops: 180 sqm

Total area for Retail shops: 155 sqm

Sailing academy provided with lecture room, computer labs and library area.

Lecture room: 50 sqm Computer lab: 50 sqm Library: 25 sqm

3 Sailing school present at the quay level detached from the yacht club building.

Lecture room: 20 sqm

Absent

The Built-non built ratio should be balanced.

Minimum Capacity of banquet hall : 150- 200 guests.

Total area: 600 sqm

Providing Restaurants, cafe and bars varying capacity of people as per location.

2 Restaurants: For 200 people Total area for Restaurants: 800 sqm 5 Cafe: For 50 to 60 people Total area for cafe: 750 sqm Retail shops should be provided along with sufficient storage area in itself depending on the foot-fall.

4 Retail shops are providing each 50 sqm.

Total area : 200 sqm

Absent

TOTAL AREA : 60 SQM

TOTAL AREA: 125 SQM

Sailing academy should be provided with connectivity to the berth to encourage yachting activities and races.

2 Lecture hall: 200 sqm (100 sqm each) A.V. room: 100 sqm Computer lab: 100 sqm 2 Locker room : 50 sqm (25 sqm each) Total area: 450 sqm

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4.1. DESIGN PROGRAM FOR YACHT CLUB : SR. SPACES NO.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

NOS. OF UNIT

PEOPLE AREA TOTAL REFERENCE PER AREA UNIT

A

Entrance lobby

1

-

250

250

Other standards

B

ADMIN Enquiry desk Cloak room Baggage counter Chairman cabin Manager cabin Assistant Manager cabin Purchase manger cabin Catering manger cabin I.T. manager cabin Sales manager cabin Director cabin Account department H.R. department Conference room Copying storage Cubicle work area Pantry Store room Restroom Toilets / Washroom TOTAL

1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 10 2 10 2 2 -

20 20 15 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 35 25 35 15 50 10 25 25 20

20 20 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 35 25 35 15 50 10 25 25 20 450

Neufet's data (3rd) WSF manual WSF manual Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) Neufet's data (3rd) NBC

B

FOOD PLAZA Cafe Restaurants TOTAL

3 2

50 200

150 350

450 700 1150

Case study As per design

C

PUBLIC AREAS Seminar halls Banquet halls Storage Washrooms Common waiting lobby TOTAL

2 1 1 2 1

150 250 2

350 800 50 25 50

350 800 50 50 50 1400

Case study As per design Neufet's data (3rd) NBC Neufet's data (3rd)

D

LUXERY Restaurants Leisure TOTAL

2000 400 2400

As per design As per design

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E

MISCELLENEOUS AREA Water body feature Performing platform leisure storage Public Activity Skywalk TOTAL

F

EVENT Instrument room Lounge / Bar-area TOTAL

G

SAILING ACADEMY

1 1

30

Viewing deck Berthing platform Computer lab Locker room washrooms TOTAL H

EXTRA Cold storage Dry storage Chef room Storage area AHU room Electrical room First aid room Garbage room Receiving of fire room Store room Changing room Staff room Control room TOTAL

I

TERMINAL SPACES Gallery Ticketing vestibule Yacht techinal support team Mumbai port trust cabin

1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

25 25 15 50 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 30

1 1 2 1

35 25 25

1000 200 1000 30 300 600 3200

As per design As per design As per design Neufet's data (3rd) As per design As per design

50 400 450

NBC As per design

300 500 100 25 50 975

As per design As per design As per design NBC NBC

25 25 30 100 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 60 360

NBC NBC NBC NBC NBC NBC NBC NBC NBC NBC NBC NBC NBC

1000 35 50 25

As per design NBC NBC As per design

Total built up- 11,585 sqm 30% circulation + lift + lobby + staircase -3475 sqm

TOTAL BUILT-UP AREA -15,060 sqm

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5.1. SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS: 5.1.1. YACHTING INDUSTRY AND ITS EVOLUTION IN INDIAN CITIES: The size of the yachting business in India remains a drop in the ocean. “World over the cruising industry has grown consistently. Its compounded annual growth rate is 6.5-7 per cent. In India, cruising is growing 8-10 per cent year-on-year (albeit on a much smaller base) for the three-four years. It can improve with better infrastructure,” said Royal Caribbean Cruise India representative Gautam Chadha.

Around 75,000 Indians cruise abroad annually because of insufficient berthing facilities, proper port base and tax policies. “Sailing isn’t necessarily an expensive sport,” explains Neelesh Hundekari, Principal and Head, luxury and lifestyle practice, AT Kearney. “Sailing stops during monsoon because of bad weather. Though small boats are confined to the Mumbai-Alibaug or the Mumbai-Goa routes, big boats can do a Mumbai-Dubai route.”

Power-yachts and speedboats attract the largest chunk of clients. Yacht Charters India encourages yacht owners to charter these marine toys. “These could be motor yachts, sailing yachts and speed boats. They include Princess and Ferretti, motor yachts from Italy, Jeanneau, sailing yacht from France and Sea Ray, speed boats from America,” said Khojesteh Kathawala, general manager, Yacht Charters India. Corporate guests can sail to Goa and Cochin. International yacht charters to Greece and Caribbean are increasing.

In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. It is Also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India. Mumbai is home to three UNESCO world heritage sites: the elephanta caves, Chhatrapati Sivaji maharaj terminus, and the city's distinctive ensemble of victorian and art deco buildings.

Mumbai is the financial, commercial and entertainment capital of India. It is also one of the world's top ten centers of commerce in terms of global financial flow, generating 6.16% of India's GDP and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust and JNPT), and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy.

The city houses important financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, the SEBI and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes like Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Nuclear Power Corporation of India, Indian Rare Earths, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Atomic Energy Commission of India, and the Department of Atomic Energy. The city also houses India's Hindi (Bollywood) and Marathi cinema industries. Mumbai's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over India, making the city a melting pot of many communities and cultures.

There are main 3 Coastal cities in India where Yachting industry is getting boosed year by year. They are:

1) MUMBAI – MAHARASHTRA 2) SOUTH GOA - GOA 3) KOCHI – KERALA

1. MUMBAI: Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.4 million as of 2011. Along with the neighboring regions of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, it is the second most populous metropolitan area in India, with a population of 21.3 million as of 2016.

Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbor.

Map of Mumbai city

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2. GOA:

3. KOCHI:

Goa is a state considered to be part of western as well as southern India, within the region known as the Konkan. It is bounded by Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south, with the Arabian Sea forming its western coast. It is India's smallest state by area and the fourth-smallest by population. Goa has the highest GDP per capita among all Indian states, two and a half times that of the country. It was ranked the best-placed state by the Eleventh Finance Commission for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India by the National Commission on Population based.

Kochi also known as Cochin. Kochi is a major port city on the south-west coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea. It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala and is often referred to as Ernakulam. Kochi is the most densely populated city in Kerala. within an area of 94.88 km² and a total urban population of more than of 2.1 million within an area of 440 km², making it the largest and the most populous metropolitan area in Kerala. Kochi city is also part of the Greater Cochin region and is classified as a Tier-II city by the Government of India.

Map of Kerala state showing Kochi geographical location Map of Goa state Panaji is the state's capital, while Vasco da Gama is its largest city. The historic city of Margao still exhibits the cultural influence of the Portuguese, who first landed in the early 16th century as merchants and conquered it soon thereafter. Goa is a former Portuguese province; the Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961.

Goa is visited by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year for its white sand beaches, nightlife, places of worship and World Heritage-listed architecture. It has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, a biodiversity hotspot.

Kochi Called the Queen of the Arabian Sea, Kochi was an important spice trading center on the west coast of India from the 14th century onward, and maintained a trade network with Arab merchants from the pre-Islamic era. Occupied by the Portuguese in 1503, Kochi was the first of the European colonies in colonial India. It remained the main seat of Portuguese India until 1530, when Goa was chosen instead. The city was later occupied by the Dutch and the British, with the Kingdom of Cochin becoming a princely state. Kochi ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourist arrivals in Kerala. The city was ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine. Kochi was one of the 28 Indian cities among the emerging 440 global cities that will contribute 50% of the world GDP by the year 2025, in a 2011 study done by the McKinsey Global Institute. In July 2018, Kochi was ranked the topmost emerging future megacity in India by global professional services firm JLL. Kochi is known as the financial, commercial and industrial capital of Kerala. It has the highest GDP as well as the highest GDP per capita in the state. Kochi has been hosting India's first art biennale, the Kochi-Muziris Biennale, since 2012, which attracts international artists and tourists.

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5.2. SITE SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION: 5.2.2. COSTALINE OF MUMBAI AND LIFESTYLE:

5.2.1. WHY MUMBAI?

Experts project that by 2030 Mumbai will be a megalopolis with a population in excess of 30 million people and with a potential economic GDP in excess of $ 250 billion.

However this will only be possible if our city is an attractive place for entrepreneurs, investors and young people to invest their energy, talent and enterprise.

5.2.3. URBAN DEVELOPMENT AGENDAS AND WATERFRONTS :

World map showing geographical location of India

Map of India showing Maharashtra state

Waterfront redevelopment has been at the forefront of some of the urban redevelopment schemes which have come to characterize post-industrial urban renewal. Under postindustrial urban policy agendas that are focused upon consumption and the attraction of capital, waterside redevelopment schemes have followed similar patterns. Waterside office based redevelopment programs have aimed to attract a global clientele of transnational corporations to the city. The development of waterside leisure spaces has catered to the consumption desires of the professional middle classes. Finally, waterside residential development has focused upon providing residencies for the post-industrial metropolis' burgeoning ranks of wealthy professionals.

5.2.4.DISTINCTIVE ASPECTS OF POST-INDUSTRIAL WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT: The unique dynamic created by the interface of water and urban space has greatly influenced the nature of waterfront redevelopment in the postindustrial era, just as the same interface dictated the usage of waterfronts for shipping and industrial purposes in previous decades. However, it is important to recognize that this type of renewal is not disconnected from general urban policy directions.

5.2.5. POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE : The distinct physical qualities of urban waterside spaces have meant that in recent decades, local political regimes have made them redevelopment priorities. Waterfront sites which had previously been used for port and industrial activities were often in central city locations.

Therefore, as a result of decline, many cities found themselves with large areas of devalorised land in prime central city locations. Furthermore, due to their location, these sites are also highly visible, often close to the central business district, and able to be panoramically gazed upon from opposing riverbanks and adjacent foreshores. This has meant that waterfront sites have become important spaces within the context of place marketing redevelopment agendas, where highly visible demonstrations of post-industrial renewal and consumption are central to determining urban prosperity.

Map of Mumbai

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The redevelopment of waterside spaces for place marketing purposes has often resulted in city planning authorities and development corporations overriding democratic planning procedures and local interests in order to bring perceived citywide economic benefits.

5.2.6. ECONOMIC VALUE : In addition to their significance in place marketing development agendas, brownfield waterside sites are also distinctive urban spaces because of their potential economic value.

Waterside development can offer substantial premiums to developers, land owners, and local governments. The potential returns on investment can be as much as 40-60% higher for waterside residential units compared to the equivalent units without waterfront views.

Releasing and redeveloping de-valorised and derelict waterside land can therefore offer hefty windfall profits.

The return of capital to waterfront locations has therefore often been paralleled by a movement of people to the waterfront. Urban waterfronts which were once undesirable brownfields have now become some of the most desired pieces of real estate around the globe. Examples include waterfront areas of Sydney (Australia), Baltimore (USA), and Prague (Czech Republic). A significant consequence of this has been the widespread gentrification of urban waterfront space.

Key qualities that make a public space successful are: i. Accessibility ii. People engaged in activities iii. A comfortable space with a good image iv. A social space where people meet each other and increased social interaction is provided.

5.2.9. PUBLIC WATERFRONTS IN MUMBAI: Sea-facing waterfront development projects are a relatively new concept in India and Mumbai, with traditional Indian waterfronts being limited to the Ghats along rivers, used mainly for religious rites. Promenades, an essentially western concept, have been introduced in Mumbai in the recent past.

Promenade style waterfronts and sea fronts, e.g.. Marine Orive, Worli Sea face, Carter Road, Bandstand, Bandra Reclamation Promenade etc., are extremely popular destinations for locals to go and unwind in the evenings, or visit for their daily walks and exercise, to meet friends, walk their dogs, or to just sit and enjoy the sea breeze and sunset.

5.2.7. SOCIOCULTURAL VALUE: Although it is only implicitly referred to in many accounts of urban waterside redevelopment, it is clear that much of the political and economic significance of these spaces is related to the socio-cultural value placed upon them. Waterside spaces are often part of the city's valued collection of open spaces, comparable to the parks and gardens which are valued for their sensory and physical qualities. Many of the debates which surround issues of public access to redeveloped waterfronts bear witness to the perceived communal value of urban waterside space. In an era of neoliberal urban development, the spatial and sensory qualities of waterfront areas have been utilized in order to generate consumption.

5.2.8. CREATING INCLUSIVE WATERFRONTS: It is necessary that the waterfront acts as an inclusive public space in order to be successful.

If it is exclusive, then it can become less used by the "disadvantaged". In most redeveloped waterfronts around the world, there is already a degree of exclusivity visible in shopping, commercial and residential areas, with a few developments having shopping centres that cater for most income classes. With residential units however, it is rather difficult to maintain affordable rates, due to the value increment simply because of the waterfront location.

It is necessary for the waterfront to cater to the wants and needs of all visitors. It needs to be, a far as possible, affordable to all and not just for elite sections of society. If only the affluent can afford to be there, there can be a big chance that the waterfront will turn into a privatizedpublic space and become exclusive only for the patrons living there.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

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5.2.10. POPULAR ACTIVITIES AT MUMBAI WATERFRONTS:

5.2.11. MARINA OBJECTIVES :

i.

Locals, young to old, exercising, walking and jogging (usually in the mornings & evenings). Dog owners walking their dogs.

ii.

Children playing

iii.

Groups of college students and young people 'hanging out'.

iv. Citizens strolling / sitting and chatting (mainly in the evenings).

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii.

v. Individuals sitting and enjoying the sea views and breeze, while relaxing and contemplating. Young couples getting cosy.

ix.

vi. Occasional photography exhibitions.

To provide safe shelter, storage, related services and facilities for recreational boats.

To bridge the large demand-supply gap for yachting facilities in Mumbai.

To encourage sailing as a recreational activity and sport.

To help attract coastal yachting with international stopover.

To boost tourism, particularly in Mumbai and along the Konkan Coast.

To boost the boating industry in Mumbai.

To create alternative employment opportunities for people from fishermen communities.

To use the shelter provided by the quays of the site to maximum advantage, thus eliminating the expense and environmental implications of having to build a sheltered harbor for a new marina.

To further enliven the waterfront by having activity on water, in addition to that on land.

5.2.12. NEED FOR MARINA IN MUMBAI:

vii. Plays, music and band performances at the amphitheatres. viii. In Bandra, the Reclamation Promenade, Bandstand and Carter Road Promenades form the main venues of the 'Celebrate Bandra' Festival. ix. During Diwali, waterfronts like Marine Drive and Carter Road are popular places to light fireworks and burst Diwali crackers.

The pavements along the seafronts are the great community spaces of Mumbai, open to and used by one and all. Land used for such promenades and boulevards is far more cost effective than conventional 'green areas', especially in a densely populated city such as Mumbai. Open spaces and Maidans(Grounds) are not used by the entire populace, but only by certain age groups for cricket, football and other such games.

There is an ACUTE NEED FOR A MARINA IN MUMBAI. This has become a real problem as many yachts visit or base themselves in the city, and the fleet currently anchors off the Gateway to India monument, requiring owners to step on board via a small slipway, or, in the case of larger yachts, hire tenders to ferry them around. Mumbai has the most number of privately owned pleasure Boats and is a ready market for Marina.

Due to unavailability of a designated Marina at Mumbai, at any given time around 200 small leisure Boats can be seen anchored near the Gate Way of India.

Considering the urgent need for a marina facility, Mumbai Port Trust proposes to develop a marina with all the necessary infrastructure, complemented with a tourism/retail/ hotel hub/club, etc. on the Eastern waterfront within the princess dock.

No little toddler would dare play here, nor does one see middle-aged couples using them for evening strolls.

Considering the population and the large coastline of Mumbai, the public waterfronts are few and insufficient. Larger areas for socio-cultural activities are required and the idea of opening-up more of the city's large coastline for public enjoyment is welcome in densely populated Mumbai.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Sailing boats and water taxis moored off the Gateway of India, Apollo Bunder, Mumbai.

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5.2.13. THE SUPPLY DEFICIT OF YACHTING FACILITIES: India lacks marinas. The country's first and only marina till date has been built at Cochin, Kerala and currently berths 50 yachts. Goa, devoid of the world class amenities, fails to become a permanent marina. Though officials have been striving to make it a viable option for yachting, several obstacles have hindered their progress.

In Mumbai there are over 150 moorings off the coast near the Gateway of India, generally big luxury pleasure craft. Many proposals to build a marina in Mumbai have been put forward but none have been realized. However, a marina is being built by the Maharashtra Maritime Board at Mandwa, off the Mumbai coast. This marina will berth 200 boats. The marina will help the maritime board streamline movement of yachts and boats around Mumbai coast and also encourage people to buy yachts.

Yacht charters and yacht sharing are also popular in Mumbai. As an alternative to owning a Yacht, aspiring sailors can hire a Yacht from a Yacht Brokerage Company. These companies will take care of all the finer details, allowing vacationers to relax on the seas.

Comprehensive itineraries can be planned according to each individual's interest and all administration, catering and service related issues will be maintained by that company.

Mumbai is the fastest growing market in Asia for yachts, with a current growth rate of 10% per annum. It is estimated that this rate could increase to 200% once the marina at Mandwa is functional. There are currently no yachting services readily available to yacht owners in Mumbai. Yachtsmen have to make their own arrangements for fuel, battery recharge, fresh water, sewage pump-out, electricity etc.

India does not have the tradition of owning yachts like in European countries. With the availability of a safe and systematic anchoring facility, yacht tradition can slowly and steadily come up. Currently, it becomes difficult for owners to anchor their yachts during the monsoon time. A marina will not only provide them with a safe place to park their yachts, it will also be a hub for refueling, repairs and washing the vessels.

5.2.14. YACHTING IN MUMBAI : Having a history of once being seven islands, the city has long since shared a strong connection with the sea, with most of its original inhabitants being fishing communities.

Sailing for sport and leisure was introduced to Bombay by the British in colonial times when sailing clubs were set up. The 3rd oldest yacht club in the world, the Royal Bombay Yacht Club, was set up in 1846.

Mumbai has a natural harbor with miles of sheltered coastline — great places to sail to.

As compared to other Indian cities, Mumbai, the financial capital, has a much higher number of high income individuals who are likely to take to boating as a leisure activity. The Mumbai Boat show, held annually, is the largest in the country.

Power boats at the International Boat Show in Mumbai

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Due to the growing demand, a company in Mumbai has started a marina service, where the company provides services like refueling, maintenance etc. to the owners' boats moored out at the Gateway of India. Since these boats are moored out at sea, servicing them is a cumbersome process & hiring this service is expensive. A fully serviced marina will make such services much more accessible and convenient to yacht owners.

Full service marinas and boatyards are vital to develop boating. It offers the base for all the activities and businesses, and a focal point for community interaction. The significance of the yachting sector in terms of job creation, recreation and tourism cannot be underestimated- one can see many examples of this around the world. Yachting is a beneficial, non-polluting, and economically constructive activity. The whole point of a marina is that it delivers secure berthing 365 days a year. It might be unsafe to go out boating during the monsoon but the fundamental point is that the yachts remain out of harm's way inside a marina. Marinas are the infrastructure of the yachting industry, providing a safe and well-located place to keep and maintain your boat.

Sailing is often confused with luxury leisure yachting and is mistaken for an expensive hobby. With current rates at Mumbai's sailing clubs ranging between Rs. 50 to Rs. 150 for a four hour long sail, it is quite affordable to the average middle class individual.

Since people are unaware of this, many who would like to take up sailing as a sport do not express their interest and miss out.

A marina will renew interest in the sport and make it more accessible to people.

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5.3. CASE STUDIES OF YACHT CLUB IN MUMBAI: 1). ROYAL BOMBAY YACHT CLUB, COLABA, MUMBAI The Royal Bombay Yacht Club, founded in 1846, originally comprised two buildings — the Waterfront Building, which was the main clubhouse; and the Residential Chambers.

Prior to independence, sailing was patronized by the British, the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Nawab of Bhopal and the Maharaja of Gwalior. With the British casting off for good from Indian shores in 1947 and ceding of the princely states to the Republic of India, most sailing clubs around the country were left high and dry.

In Bombay, the BPT acquired the waterfront RBYC building for administrative offices of the Government of India. Today the Residential Chambers building stands as the yacht club.

Map of Royal Yacht club, Mumbai

Royal Yacht club, Mumbai

Designed by John Adams, the construction of the Royal Bombay Yacht Club Residential Chambers was supervised by F.W. Stevens between 1896 and 1898. The building was comfortably appointed with hydraulic lifts, electric lights and fire services, and the engineering details were in keeping with Stevens' high standards.

The architectural design combined domestic English neo-gothic with a Tudor half timbered idiom and aptly demonstrated the disintegration of stylistic cohesion that characterized turn-of-the-century architecture in Bombay.

The building made of stone, with a plinth of 3 feet provided accommodation for 38 members. It as a south-easterly aspect, open to prevailing breezes from south-west to north-west.

The ground floor of the club holds the reception area, library, lounge, sailing room, gym, billiard room, shop and garden (which also serves as a boatyard). The restaurant and bar are located on the first floor, and the second third and fourth floors house the residential chambers for visitors (30 rooms).

Library of Royal Yacht club, Mumbai

Photograph from outside Royal Yacht club, Mumbai

• Facilities at Royal Bombay Yacht Club: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii.

Residential Chambers (guest rooms) Gymnasium Library / reading room (with internet) Party rooms Billiards Room Dining room Dolphin Bar Sailing room (to spread awareness of sailing as a sport and leisure activity — but inaccessible to non-members, also used for race briefings, boat bookings etc.) ix. Hair dressing salon x. Shop (basic commodities, books on sailing etc.)

Corridor of Royal Yacht club, Mumbai

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Architectural Project II: Overseas Yacht club

Old photograph of Royal Yacht club, Mumbai

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2). MUMBAI YACHT CLUB, NAVI MUMBAI : The Mumbai Yacht Club at Navi Mumbai is located at Ganesh Naik Reti Bunder, CBD Belapur. It is currently the only facility in Mumbai that provides marina facilities (wet berthing, electricity, fresh water supply and fuel). It does not have a sewage pump out facility and boats around Mumbai are allowed to empty their tanks into the sea water.

The Mumbai Yacht Club currently has a single finger pontoon (the smallest possible arrangement) which berths 4 boats comfortably. However at times, due to high demand, the pontoons berth up to 9 boats. The pontoons are of the floating type, hinged at its connecting point to land and anchored down, so it can rise and fall in level with the tide.

The yacht club has plans to expand their berthing facility in the near future to accommodate more boats. Small vessels are stored on land.

The yacht club has its office on the ground and ninth floors of a commercial building (Lakhani Centrium) opposite the yacht club plot. Apart from yachting facilities, the club also has a helipad, horse track and stable.

We believe that the REDEVELOPMENT OF MUMBAI’S PORT LANDS offers a great opportunity to ensure that Mumbai regains its place as the most entrepreneurial and innovative in India.

Cities that offer affordable and good quality public infrastructure & utilities (such as schools; colleges and health facilities), spaces for recreation, sports and arts & culture and which are integrated sustainably with the surrounding ecology are proven to create a virtuous cycle.

They attract energy and talent because people want to live in such cities. This in turn attracts capital and investment, which creates jobs, boosts productivity and improves the quality of life for all residents.

Regrettably Mumbai today is unable to offer such utilities or spaces to Mumbaikars. Mumbai has become a very difficult place to live in, work in and invest in. While leadership, governance, laws, regulatory frameworks and institutions will all need to be strengthened for this to change, it is also clear that our Island city suffers a critical shortage of space for the essential public utilities and public spaces that make any city livable.

The re-development of the Port Lands offers a unique opportunity to re-invent our city by creating the much needed public infrastructure, utilities and public spaces that we are so short of.

Mumbai Yacht club, Belapur, Navi Mumbai

5.4. MUMBAI PORT LAND TRUST: Mumbai’s Port Lands are total holding by Mumbai Port Trust of 734 ha, the land available for d1evelopment is approx. 400 ha (1000 acres) excluding the Docks and operational areas (196 ha) and residential areas (approx. 100 ha). A legislative framework to enable these lands to be re-possessed and a financial model to re-develop these lands as a public Private partnership with Mumbai’s Industrial &Corporate Houses using CSR funds has been proposed.

Mumbai’s Port Lands Plans integrate the Port lands, with adjacent city areas such as Sewri, Lalbaug, Byculla, Mazagon, Dongri and Bhendi Bazaar, and provide Mumbaikars much needed public amenities and public open spaces which are critical for our city’s sustainable growth, as the commercial and entrepreneurial heart of India.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Mumbai Port Land Trust

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5.4. SITE SELECTION ON EASTERN WATERFRONT OF MUMBAI (RE-DEVELOPMEN OF MBPT LAND) :

SITE 2

SITE 1

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

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5.5. SITE CONTEXT: GOTHIC REVIVAL AND INDO-SARACENIC ESSENCE OF MUMBAI:

MODERN ARCHITECTURE ESSENCE OF MUMBAI:

The most significant landmarks of Mumbai are its Gateway of India. Mumbai has two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Elephanta Caves.

The architecture of the city is a blend of Gothic Revival, Indo-Saracenic, Art Deco, and other contemporary styles. Most of the buildings during the British period, such as the Victoria Terminus and Bombay University, were built in Gothic Revival style. Their architectural features include a variety of European influences such as German gables, Dutch roofs, Swiss timbering, Romance arches, Tudor casements, and traditional Indian features. There are also a few Indo-Saracenic styled buildings such as the Gateway of India.

Art Deco styled landmarks can be found along the Marine Drive and west of the Oval Maidan.

Mumbai has the second largest number of Art Deco buildings in the world after Miami. In the newer suburbs, modern buildings dominate the landscape. Mumbai has by far the largest number of skyscrapers in India, with 956 existing buildings and 272 under construction as of 2009.

There are colonial-era buildings and Soviet-style offices. In the east are factories and some slums. On the West coast are former-textile mills being demolished and skyscrapers built on top. There are 31 buildings taller than 100 m, compared with 200 in Shanghai, 500 in Hong Kong and 500 in New York.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

Hotel Taj and Gate way of India

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

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5.6. SITE DETA: A). SITE 1: THE PRINCESS DOCK AND VICTORIA DOCK: The Princess (Prince's) Dock was built in 1885 in Bombay as part of the scheme for improving the whole foreshore of the Bombay Harbor. The actual name of the place is Prince's Dock that has been corrupted over years to Princess Dock. Its cost was approximated at a million sterling's. The Elephanta Islands can be seen three or four miles from this dock eastwards.

SITE 1:

Goggle map of selected site image in Mumbai port trust premises

VICTORIA AND PRINCES DOCK SITE AREA – 2,37,897.31 sq.m (88 acer)

Existing land use “THE PRINCESS DOCK” site SITE 2:

NEAR DARUKHANA AREA SITE AREA- 8,0982 sq.m

(18.11 acer)

LAND :32,551 sq.m WATER – 2,05,346.32 sq.m

5.6.1. MUMBAI PORT TRUST: Mumbai Port Trust is a port which lies midway on the West coast of India, on the natural deep-water harbor of Mumbai (previously known as 'Bombay') in Maharashtra. The harbor spread over 400 square kilometers (150 sq. mi) is protected by the mainland of Konkan to its east and north and by the island city of Mumbai to its west. The harbor opens to the south to the Arabian Sea. The port is administered by the Mumbai Port Trust (MbPT), an autonomous corporation wholly owned by the Government of India. The port is primarily used for bulk cargo, while most container traffic is directed to Nhava Sheva port across the harbor.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

PRINCES DOCK was built in 1888 as the premier dock of the Port trust with an impounded draught of unto 7m. After World War II there was a sea change in the method of construction of ships when riveting the hull was replaced by welding. This allowed the sizes of ships to be increased dramatically.

The most often used cargo vessels are the PANAMAX vessels of 84000 dwt. This size of vessel is too large to be accommodated in a draught of 7 m and therefore Princes Dock was no longer useful for Cargo vessels. It is still the only viable commercial Dry dock in Maharashtra.

This is valuable infrastructure which is ideally suited to be a Modern berthing & ship repairing facility, in the process providing a valuable service to marine and coastal vessels while creating skilled jobs and apprentice opportunities!

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B). SITE 2:

VICTORIA DOCK: Victoria Dock was built in 1890 and was the premier dock for receiving cargo vessels until the construction of Alexandra Dock (now Indira Dock) in 1914. With its limited draught of 7m the dock is not useful for modern cargo vessels. As part of the disastrous OCT project , the decision was made to fill these docks with sand to create a stockyard for the Containers.

This decision is deeply flawed as: This is a Heritage dock and should be preserved. This is valuable infrastructure which is ideally suited to be a Marina and which can be swiftly converted at a low cost (which the Mumbai Port Trust itself has stated is a priority project).

DARUKHANA: Darukhana is supporting a local ship breaking industry in the heart of a teeming city. The ship breaking industry is known for hazards both to the environment and the workers. It requires close regulation to prevent pollution from toxic wastes and oil sludge in ships which are taken in hand for breaking as well as concerns of its workers who work without helmets, safety harnesses or eye protectors. Ship breaking is unsuitable as a means of employment in a city.

It will also provide safe berthing for the Monsoon period (1 Jun till 15 Sep) when currently these vessels have no shelter or berth. Boat enthusiasts have to find totally unsatisfactory temporary arrangements at small boat yards in Mora, Karanja, Mahul and inshore yards as far as Thane and Panvel to find any safe parking spots.

Sailing is a sport in which India participates and has fared well in the Asian Games, CWG and the Olympics. Mumbai harbor is recognized as an excellent training ground for our young budding sailors who are aspiring to bring laurels to the country. The draught of 5 meters which can be provided in Victoria Dock by desilting the basin will be more than adequate for yachts in Mumbai.

Existing land use “DARUKHANA” site Victoria Dock

Princes Dock

Satellite images of site in 2012

Water

Land

This area represents a great opportunity to use the valuable water front for the recreation and wellness of citizens. Darukhana can be faulted on all these counts. APLI Mumbai initiative strongly recommends cessation of ship breaking activities at Darukhana. The priority will be to remove the highly toxic and environmentally hazardous waste matter leached into the ground. The cessation of ship breaking will also discourage local traders from making this prime waterfront as dumping ground for unwanted scrap material even from the suburbs of Mumbai.

The natural slope and compacted seabed at Darukhana lends itself to water sports at varying tide levels. The development of the waterfront will create a water sports center which can encompass various activity.

Satellite images of site in 2017

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

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5.7. SITE JUSTIFICATION: 5.7.2. HURDLES:

THE PRINCESS DOCK AND VICTORIA DOCK:

1. Large chunks of the bunders have been encroached upon, with a large population of migrant and unskilled workers living in these slums. This makes the coastline porous and it becomes a major security threat and an ideal place for illegal activities and smuggling.

This problem has remained unsolved for want of political will.

2. Illegal as well as legitimate godowns used to store steel plates, timber etc. from cut ships.

In spite of the steel markets having officially shifted to Kalamboli in Navi Mumbai, wholesale iron and steel storage continues to exist in this district.

3. Six plots on the Lakri Bander Pier of the site are currently allotted for ship-breaking by the MbPT. According to MbPT rules, not more than six ships (one ship per plot) can be beached at a time. However, at times many more than six ships are seen beached at site.

Ship-breaking is environmentally hazardous and ideally should be carried out on the outskirts of a city.

4. The relocation of the slum dwellers currently staying on site should be done sensitively, taking into account their social fabric and the micro-economies they currently have in place. Since their means of livelihood are mostly carried out on site itself, but are illegal and detrimental to the environment (e.g. ship-breaking, selling of scrap metal etc.), they should be provided with suitable alternate means of income/sources of livelihood in addition to rehabilitation housing.

Satellite images of Selected site in 2018

5.7.1. THIS SITE IS ESPECIALLY SUITED TO THE PURPOSE BECAUSE OF: 1. The water edge (the piers) is a manmade one, which is currently un-utilized. Converting it into a yacht harbor will enable us to make optimum use of the water facing area without having to destroy any mangroves, beaches or natural coastline. Therefore environmental damage is minimal.

2. The east coast is sheltered from strong winds and currents as compared to the west coast.

3. The east coast is largely walled off from the public. In an over-crowded city like Mumbai, efficient use of our land and sea resources is mandatory, and therefore unutilized land belonging to the MbPT ought to be made available for development.

4. The site profile, with its three piers possesses a 'fun quality', best suited for recreational use.

5. The three piers at the site already engulf water between them thereby reducing the need for any reclamation or dredging to create a marina harbor and quays.

6. The activities on site are few and many of them are illegal. The general atmosphere there is slow-paced, low-density and unproductive — a stark contrast to the bustling, active and crowded areas like Worli and Mahalaxmi, which are just 4km away from the site.

7. The site is premier land situated in Mumbai Island City which is used only for marginal activities such as ship breaking and recycling.

8. Though it is currently un-utilized, the area is likely to develop due to infrastructure projects such as the East Island Freeway and the Sewri, Nhava Sheva Trans-Harbor Link.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

5.7.3. EXISTING LAND USE: The 19''' century open finger profile of bunders is outdated for maritime trade and thus has lost its relevance to the present requirements. The silting of water areas has rendered them useless, thus the Kayla bunder, Lakri bunder and Coal bunder no longer handle roofing tiles (kavla), timber (lakri) or coal traffic. Parts of these areas are replaced by wholesale iron and steel and scrap metal storage, while the rest is encroached upon by informal settlements in an appalling state, without sanitation, services or amenities.

5.7.4. DESIGNATED LAND USE: SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL ZONE (I-3 Zone) According to Development Control Regulation #57, land in the Special Industrial Zone may be permitted to be utilised as Residential Zone (R-1 Zone), or Residential Zone with Shop Line (R-2 Zone) or Local Commercial Zone (C-1 Zone), provided that: 1. For land greater than 5ha in area, 25% land is used for public utilities and amenities. 2. At least 50% of the amenity space shall be designated as open space reservation. (These areas will be in addition to the minimum open space requirements around buildings.) 3. The required segregating distance is provided from the land for industrial use. 4. Such residential or commercial development shall be allowed within the permissible FSI of the nearby residential/Commercial zone. (FSI of 1.33 in this case.) 5. Provision for public utilities, amenities and open spaces shall be considered to be reservation in the Development Plan and TOR on the FSI of the same shall be available for utilisation on the remaining land. 6.

Out of the total floor area proposed to be utilised for residential development, 20% of the same shall be built for residential tenements having built up area up to 50sq.m.

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5.8. SITE STUDY: 5.8.1. WEATHER CONDITIONS:

C). Rainfall:

A). Wind:

General direction of the wind in Mumbai is from the North to the West quarter with seasonal variations, though land and sea breezes dominate on site.

The South West monsoon period extends from June to September. Most of the annual rainfall occurs during this period, the average monthly rainfall being about 45 cm. The average annual rainfall over 20 years is 193 cm.

D). Views: The east side of the site has a panoramic view of Mumbai Harbor, the mainland across the sea, the Western Ghats in the distance, the oil refineries, BARC hill etc. Sunrise views are unique and picturesque with the sun rising over the Western Ghats and the sea. The lights of Navi Mumbai and the chimney fires and lights of the oil refineries add to the uniqueness of the setting. It is a combination of natural beauty (mountains, sea and sun) and symbols of an industrialized city (oil refineries, ships in the harbor and the Navi Mumbai skyline) that citizens of Mumbai should not miss out on. The view would also help to visually connect Mumbai (Island City) and Navi Mumbai.

5.8.2. SEA CONDITIONS: A). Draft:

Wind direction and distribution in % of Mumbai B). Relative Humidity & Temperature: Relative humidity ranges from 61 % to 87 % being the highest in the monsoon period. During the winter months (November — January) relative humidity ranges between from 61 % to 72 %. Mean daily temperature ranges from 24 'C to 33'C except during the winter period when the minimum temperature may fall to 19 C. The hotter months are March, April, May and June.

The draft for draught) of a boat's hull is the vertical distance between the water line and the bottom of the hull (keel), with the thickness of the hull included; in the case of not being included, the draft outline would be obtained. Draft determines the minimum depth of water a ship or boat can safely navigate. As the site is not in use by large vessels as now the natural depth at the site is 3.1 m (0.4m + 2.7m). The required depth for a large boat is 4.5m hence occasional maintenance dredging would be required.

B). Tidal Variation: Twice daily, the tide comes in, and each day it will be approximately 50 minutes later than the previous day. Astronomically this is because as the earth completes a rotation on its axis every 24 hours, the moon during the day and night moves 1/30 of its orbit around the earth. This means that it will be approximately 1/30 in a different position 24 hours later.

Tide above (+ ) or below (-) Chart Datum

Temperature and rainfall chart of Mumbai

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

Highest high water recorded Mean high water spring tide

+5.39 m +4.42rn

Mean high water Neap tides Mean sea level

+3.30m +2.51m

Mean low water neap tides Mean low water spring tides

+1.86m +0.76m

Lowest low water recorded

-0.46m

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This, of course, influences the tide, because of the importance of its gravitational pull on the world's oceans and seas. The water pull is best visualized as a horizontal movement, not as a vertical up and down movement as visualized from the shore. A few visits to the sea shore will indicate that there is a considerable variation in the height of the tide from week to week.

1. Highest Spring Tides — moon and sun in conjunction with combined gravitational pull, producing the highest tides. High tides on the opposite side are due to the centrifugal force of the earth's rotation. The highest tides occur 2 days after the new moon.

2. Highest Neap Tides — moon's orbit moves towards 90 to that of the sun when they are at quadrature, and their relative pulls about 7 to 3 in favor of the moon, result in neap tides, with smaller variations.

3. Spring Tides — moon and sun in opposition with combined gravitational pull.

4. Neap Tides — moon's orbit moves towards the quadrature.

The dominant tide in the Mumbai Harbor is the semi-diurnal tide with a period of 12 hours and 40 minutes. The following are the particulars of the tidal levels related to Chart Datum.

Statistical studies made indicate that: 1.All high tides exceed +2.70 m 2.About 5 % of all high tides would be less than +3.20m

The predominant waves are the swell waves generated by deep sea storms. These mainly arise just before and during the South West monsoon. The statistical analysis indicated that most wave periods fall between 6 seconds and 10 seconds. During the continuance of the North — East monsoon, North Easterly winds known as "Elephantas" blow for short durations during the months of October — November. As the fetch and duration of these winds are Limited, the "Significant Height" of the resulting waves is not likely to exceed 1 meter with period ranging 3 to 5 seconds.

G).Visibility: In Mumbai, from November to March smog hangs over the land, obscuring everything in view.

This happens only for short periods most often shortly after sunrise but also occasionally in the evenings. Visibility is generally good for most parts of the year.

5.8.3. SITE CHARACTERISTICS: A). Water frontage / length of land-water edge: The shape of the site creates a large length of water frontage. (…m) 5.8.4. SITE CONNECTIVITY:

C). Wind:

A)Road:

General direction of the wind is from the North to the West quarter with seasonal variations a shown below: Months Direction Speed February—May May Mainly from N.W Max 8 — 10 Beaufort Substantial 4 — 6 Beaufort June - September Mainly from W.N.W Max 8 — 10 Beaufort Substantial 6 - 8 Beaufort October —January Mainly from N.N.W Max 6 — 8 Beaufort Substantial 2 - 6 Beaufort

The site is very well connected to North Mumbai by the Barrister Nath Pal Marg and BPT Road; South Mumbai by P. O'Mello Road and Central Mumbai by St. Savta Marg. The East Island freeway is also being constructed along the BPT Road. Proposed and upcoming infrastructure projects such as the widening of P. D'Mello Road, elevated roadways across the BPT Road, interconnecting roadways between Eastern Express Highway and P. O'Mello Road-Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Marg (i.e. Barrister Nath Pal Marg), and the Sewri-Nhavaseva trans-harbor sea link will improve accessibility to the area.

B). Bus: Signal Hill Avenue and St Savta Marg, abutting the site are serviced by BEST buses and Barrister Nath Pal Marg (i.e. P. D'Mello Road-Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Marg) is also serviced by BEST buses. The port trust services the south side of the site by bus.

D). Cyclones: These may occur in the period of May/June or October/November. The last severe cyclone off the coast of Mumbai was experienced in June 1996. Prior to this the earlier cyclone occurred in 1992.

C). Rail: Reay Road railway Station (Harbor Line) is 400 m away from the site. The proposed Phase III Metro Line (Ghatkopar — Flora Fountain) will also improve accessibility.

D). Ferry / water transport:

E). Currents: The currents in the harbor are essentially caused by tides and are not influenced to any extent by the monsoons etc. The tidal flow is unsteady and the magnitude and direction of the current varies with respect to location, time and depth.

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

F). Waves:

Ferry services ply from Mallet Sunder (Bhau Cha Dhaka) to Navi Mumbai. A new ferry terminal is also proposed at Hay Bunder, just north of the site.

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5.9. CURRENT SCENARIO :

5.9.3. THE POTENTIAL:

5.9.1.UNEQUAL DENSITIES: Port and City The Port holds about 1/8'" of the land in the Island City with high connectivity by means of roads and railways. Despite this, its share of activity is limited to the operational areas of the port, storage areas for goods and large manufacturing units which have no relationship to the city. Also as compared with the densities in the rest of the city, the densities in the port lands are considerably lower. Parts of the city that adjoin the port lands consist of the indigenous town on Bhuleshwar, the business district of the historic fort area, the rapidly developing areas of Parel and Lalbaug and other residential areas.

Redevelopment of the eastern waterfront can play two vital roles: a. Decongesting the city and improving its environment, and opening new spaces for the mobility of goods and people. b.

Using the nodal location of the waterfront to connect the island city of Mumbai to its twin city across the harbour, Navi Mumbai, through realignment of the regional axes of economy, transport and communication.

5.9.2. SUB OPTIMAL USE OF PRIME LAND: The Urban development Ministry and the MMRDA (State Govt.) have articulated questions over sub-optimal activities that are occupying prime land in the Eastern Waterfront of Mumbai.

Questions are being raised over activities like ship breaking, scrap markets of iron and steel, cotton and grain warehousing etc., which follow a weak rationale for their presence. Labour Pools which cater to the informal small scale manufacturing and their manifestations, like informal housing, are also being articulated as sub-optimal activities.

The Eastern Waterfront could play a pivotal role in integrating Mumbai with the growth nodes across the harbor.

Above all, the Mumbai Eastern Waterfront Redevelopment needs to balance the following conflicting needs: a. Environmental concerns with the pressure for speculative real-estate development. b. Interest of owners and developers versus that of residents and workers. c. Interest of stakeholders and residents versus city-wide and regional interests.

5.9.4. EASTERN WATERFRONT ISSUES: a. b. c.

MbPT land comprises a significant area of prime land in the island city. However over 50% of the land lies under-utilised, or is used for marginal activities which are irrelevant to post-industrial Mumbai

Name: Anket Sanjay Tathed

d. e. f. g.

Waterfront sustainability in the context of the Mumbai estuary: reclamation in the face of sea level rise, flooding and monsoons.

Pollution of the eastern waterfront and destruction of marine ecology.

Social equity, rights of the people who are currently living in the docklands and working in Mumbai's informal economy.

Potential of the waterfront as a new public space for Mumbai.

Provision of affordable housing.

Historic preservation of the dockland fabric and local histories.

Transportation infrastructure to connect the Eastern Waterfront with the rest of the city and New Mumbai across the harbour.

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5.10. ON SITE ACTIVITIES AND IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS:

BHAU CHA DHAKKA :

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VICTORIA AND PRINCESS DOCK :

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UNUSED WAREHOUSE AND OIL , FUEL TANKS :

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5.11. SWOT ANALYSIS: A). STRENGTHS: i. The site is located at Mumbai (East) known as the ‘Victoria dock’. ii. The site is blessed with lot of historical significance. iii. The finding of hard rock in geological study is beneficial as pile foundation construction can be used. iv. A drafted depth of more than 4/5m is available. Barely a few meters form the coast. v. Thus, catamaran and even mono hull vessels can be used. The club would have a huge catchment area. The site encompasses a huge area. Refreshing sea breeze and breath taking views. vi. The site shape itself a natural harbor/bay so don’t need of any manmade artificial bay is needed. vii. The site is situated on east side of Mumbai, so risk of high tide is less compared to other areas.

B). WEAKNESS: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii.

The approach road is flanked with oil storage tanks and informal kiosk.

The building would have no shadows cast from the surrounding building because of site is situated under Mumbai port trust land.

All the sides with harsh sun are aligned in path of the sun because of site constraint. the site situated on east side of Mumbai so club cant get view of sunset.

The part of water body in site is also reclaimed by Mumbai port trust from 2013 to 2017.

The site have existing oil jetties and storage plants.

The site have nearby existing ferry terminal, fishing storage and other storage related to shipping industry.

The site is near at waterfront, so as per by-laws the consumed FSI is less compared to city areas.

C). OPPORTUNITIES: i. ii.

To create an iconic club building to enhance the skyline of Mumbai.

The site have existing natural bay shape land which is one of the major advantage for Yacht berthing, circulation and security purposes. iii. The shape of land and water body part is one of the tourist attraction of club building and other facilities with public and private areas increase the importance of the place. iv. The tourist master plan lays out a roadmap for Mumbai port trust to largest tourist hub on waterfront of Mumbai, this club can be part of it.

D). THREATS: i. ii.

Climate change: Mumbai falls on the coast line and is intersected by Arabian sea.

The site has a flat-terrain with much of area at near sea-level and exposes to the risk of flooding same as well as in high tide and low tide time.

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6.1. REFERENCES: 6.1. BIBLIOGRAPHY : World's Top 50 Best High-End Yacht Clubs https://www.theinternationalman.com/yachtclubs.php Yacht club – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacht_club Examples for “for catering” and how to use it - Nyanglish http://nyanglish.com/for-catering Cruise Terminal | Cruise Ship | Tourism https://www.scribd.com/document/364627277/Cruise-Terminal Inland waterways : One more reason for growth of shipping in India https://www.marinerdesk.com/inland-waterways/ (PDF) Indian tourism: a conceptual review https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281198001_INDIAN_TOURISM_A_CONCEP TUAL_REVIEW Project Signing: Government of India and World Bank sign $375 Million... https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/02/02/project-signingluxury | Definition & Examples | Britannica.com | Economic https://www.britannica.com/topic/luxury Budgeting Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/237813379/budgeting-flash-cards/ Social differentiation | Britannica.com https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-differentiation While Away - Do you know that: Ships and boats are the... | Facebook https://tr-tr.facebook.com/WhileAwayLtd/posts/550084585065325 Information on ships and boats for students K-6, in timeline format. http://www.kidcyber.com.au/ships-and-boats-timeline/ The Evolution of Water Transportation by Kayla Titus on Prezi https://prezi.com/5zvcmqneuhhq/the-evolution-of-water-transportation/ The Evolution Of The Yacht - Articles - July 22, 2015 https://www.moranyachts.com/news/the-evolution-of-the-yacht/ History of the Yachts – Yacht in Dubai | Boat cruise Dubai marina https://boatcruisedubai.wordpress.com/2016/05/12/history-of-the-yachts/

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How to write the need for the study in research project – Quora https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-write-the-need-for-the-study-in-research-project Boating - Pleasure Boating - Yachting Industry - Final Report - Ace... https://www.scribd.com/document/101313612/Boating-Pleasure-Boating-YachtingEFG Bank to sponsor Hong Kong’s young sailors | Yacht Boat News http://yachtboatnews.com/efg-bank-to-sponsor-hong-kongs-young-sailors/ A Superyacht Guide to India | Seal Superyachts https://www.seal-superyachts.com/a-superyacht-guide-to-india/

The Coastal Ecosystem — Vikaspedia | Coral reefs are threatened http://vikaspedia.in/energy/environment/biodiversity-1/the-coastal-ecosystem Coastal Zone Regulations | Coast | Sea https://www.scribd.com/document/297271645/Coastal-Zone-Regulations Tide – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide How to use "perigean" in a sentence https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/sentences-with-the-word/perigean.html

Tsunami simulator | Adobe Spark https://spark.adobe.com/page/ZwbYS8K60HuVv/ tsunamai | Tsunami | Disaster And Accident https://www.scribd.com/document/117229160/tsunamai Adventure Machu Picchu | Edelweiss Bike Travel | Lake Titicaca https://www.edelweissbike.com/en/touren/?c=ACP Texto: Spiral Island https://lingualeo.com/pt/jungle/spiral-island-164711 Floating Bridge, Dubai – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_Bridge,_Dubai An Overview of Design, Analysis, Construction http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2014/ph240/liegl2/docs/sadeghi.pdf

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Seastar platforms Tension leg platforms https://StudFiles.net/preview/5916481/page:23/ Subsea Production System - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/subsea-productionFloating Architecture Research Network https://bubuiainstitute.wordpress.com/

Coastal Regulation Zone – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_Regulation_Zone

The Importance of Tides | Height(H=) Range http://www.bu.edu/pasi-tsunami/files/2013/01/PASITides_Blain.pdf

Drillships https://StudFiles.net/preview/5916481/page:22/

Gensler to Break Ground on Floating Thames River Park for London https://inhabitat.com/?p=299716 Mumbai – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Parth Anand || Mumbai http://parthanand.com/mumbai/ Portal:Mumbai – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mumbai Mumbai Escorts Service | Escorts In Mumbai | Erotic Escorts Mumbai http://www.angelsmumbai.com/ Mumbai: Topographic Views, Skylines : MIT Libraries http://dome.mit.edu/handle/1721.3/180932 Goa – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa Kochi – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi Portal:Kochi – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Kochi Kochi https://www.wikiplanet.click/enciclopedia/en/Kochi StudioPOD | APLI Mumbai Public Initiative https://studiopod.in/portfolio_page/aplimumbai/

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Waterfront | Stevedore | Trade Union https://www.scribd.com/document/245232199/Waterfront Mumbai marina could trigger growth of yachting in India | West Coast... https://www.westcoastmarine.co.in/mumbai-marina-could-trigger-growth-of-yachting-inindia/ The Real Truth – Are India and Dubai the Emerging Yachting Markets? http://www.liveyachting.com/the-real-truth-are-india-and-dubai-the-emerging-yachingmarkets The History of Yachting – The Yacht Bay http://www.theyachtbay.com/the-history-of-yachting/ Apli Mumbai port lands https://www.slideshare.net/apliportlands/apli-mumbai-a-port-lands-initiative-by-citizens-toreimagine-mumbai the architecture of a city | English examples in context | Ludwig https://ludwig.guru/s/the+architecture+of+a+city Mumbai - The City Which Never Sleeps http://mumbaiciti.blogspot.com/ Dutch romance | English examples in context | Ludwig https://ludwig.guru/s/Dutch+romance Mumbai Port Trust – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_Port_Trust Princess Dock – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Dock Revitalisation of the Eastern Waterfront | Mumbai | Shipyard https://www.scribd.com/document/283589876/Revitalisation-of-the-Eastern-Waterfront Mumbai Port Trust, India | Tide | Oceanography https://www.scribd.com/document/281761578/Mumbai-Port-Trust-India Draft (hull) – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_(hull) Mumbai Port Trust, India | WAVES http://mumbaiport.gov.in/index3_n.asp?sslid=693&subsublinkid=749&langid=1

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