1
1
2
Index
Contenido Future ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Simple future: going to ............................................................................................................. 3 Simple future: will ...................................................................................................................... 5 Future progressive..................................................................................................................... 6 Perfect future ............................................................................................................................... 7 Future perfect progressive ...................................................................................................... 9 Speculations and conclusions about the past ..................................................................... 12 Present progressive .................................................................................................................... 14 Present and future unreal conditionals .................................................................................. 15 Infinitive and gerund.................................................................................................................... 17 Gerunds ....................................................................................................................................... 17 Infinitives ...................................................................................................................................... 19 Reflection ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................... 23
2
3
Future Simple future: going to
It is used to talk about actions and states in the future. It is used to predict. (when something in the present leads a prediction) It is used to talk about future intentions or plans. Wh
positive
negative
question
Whq+vbe+subj+going to+vbase form+?
Subj+vbe+going to+vbase form.
Subj+vbe+not+going to+vbase form
Vbe+subj+going to+vbase form+?
Where am I going to sleep?
I am going to sleep.
I am not going to sleep.
Am I going to sleep?
Example
Exercises Write sentences in going to future. she / copy / the chapter Positive: Negative: Question: he / criticise / you Positive: Negative:
3
4
Question: I / defend / my point of view Positive: Negative: Question: they / discuss / the problem Positive: Negative: Question: he / reach / his goal Positive: Negative: Question: the robber / rob / another bank Positive: Negative: Question: we / explore / a new territory Positive: Negative: Question: they / rescue / the girl Positive:
4
5
Negative: Question:
(Ego4u, s.f.)
Simple future: will
It is used to talk about actions and states in the future. It is used to predict. It is used to talk about future intentions or plans. It is used to decide something at the moment. It is used for invitations. You can use here main clauses but don’t use this tense in the time clause. Wh
positive
negative
question
Whq+will+subj+vbase form+?
Subj+will+vbase form.
Subj+will+not+vbase form.
Will+subj+vbase form+?
What will I speak?
I will speak.
I will not speak.
Will I speak?
Examples
Exercise Write positive sentences in will Future. We (help) I (get)
you. you a drink.
I think our team (win) Maybe she (do) I (buy)
the match. a language course in Malta.
the tickets.
5
6
Perhaps she (do)
this for you.
Maybe we (stay)
at home.
She hopes that he (cook)
dinner tonight.
I’m sure they (understand) They (go / probably)
your problem. to the party. (Ego4u, s.f.)
Future progressive
Use this with be going to or will to talk about actions that will be in progress at a specific time in the future. It is used instead of the future to make a question more polite. It is used to ask indirectly for a favor, this will make the request more polite. You can use here main clauses, time clauses but don’t use this tense in the time clause. Wh
positive
negative
Whq+vbe+subj+going to+be+v+ing+compleme nt+?
Subj+vbe+going to+be+v+ing+compl ement.
Subj+not+going to+be+v+ing+comple ment.
Vbe+subj+going to+be+v+ing+comple ment+?
Why am I going to be dancing chachacha in the hotel?
I am going to be dancing chachacha in the hotel.
I am not going to be dancing chachacha in the hotel.
Am I going to be dancing chachacha in the hotel?
Whq+will+subj+be+v+in g+complement+?
Subj+will+be+v+ing +complement.
Subj+will+not+be+v+in g+complement.
Will+subj+be+v+ing+ complement+?
Why will I be dancing chachacha in the hotel?
I will be dancing chachacha in the hotel.
I will not be dancing chachacha in the hotel.
Will I be dancing chachacha in the hotel?
Examples
6
question
7
Exercise Put the verbs into the correct form (future I progressive). At midnight we (sleep)
w ill be sleep
.
This time next week we (sit) At nine I (watch)
the news.
Tonight we (cram up) They (dance) He (not / play) I (not / work) (eat / you)
at the beach.
for our English test. all night. all afternoon. all day. at six?
(drive / she)
to London?
(fight / they)
again? (Ego4u, s.f.)
Perfect future  It is used to talk about a future action that will already be completed by a certain time in the future.  Use this with simple present to show the relationship between two future events. The event that will happen first uses the perfect. The second event will be in simple present.
7
8

Use already and yet with this tense to emphasize which event will happen first. Wh
positive
negative
question
Whq+will+subj+have+v pparticiple+complement +?
Subj+will+have+vpp articiple+compleme nt.
Subj+will+not+have+v pparticiple+compleme nt.
Will+subj+have+vppa rticiple+complement+ ?
How much will he have earned by then?
He will have earned $100 by then.
He will not have earned any coin by then.
Will he have earned by then?
Examples
8
9
Exercie Change the verb into the correct form: 1. By the time you Africa.
(return) home, you
(spend) much time in
2. She
(eat) a lot before the dessert
3. He
(talk) on the phone before his wife
4. We
(chose) a date before they
5. Natalie
(feed) the baby by the time she
6. You
8. I 9. They
(call). (leave) the house. (leave) the office.
(finish) drinking they
(drink) too much.
(be) 2 years in Scotland by the time she
(arrive).
(study) in the University for 5 years by the time (get) a degree.
10. I 11. You 12. When you 13. When she 14. We
(arrive).
(finish) your work before you
7. By the time they
they
(arrive).
(finish) all the dishes by 7 o'clock. (forget) about me by then. (arrive), the bus
(leave).
(wake) up, he
(go) to work.
(speak) with him when we
15. I (pack) everything when they (Really-Learn-English.com, 2010-2017)
(leave). (come) to pick me up.
Future perfect progressive  Use this tense to talk about an action that will be in progress at certain time in the future, the action may start in the future or already stared.  Use this with simple present to show the relationship between two future events. The event that will happen first uses the perfect. The second event will be in simple present.
9
10
Wh
positive
negative
question
Whq+will+subj+have+b een+v+ing+complemen t.
Subj+will+have+bee n+v+ing+compleme nt.
Subj+will+not+have+b een+v+ing+compleme nt.
Will+they+have+been +v+ing+complement+ ?
How long will they have been earning interest?
They will have been earning interest for four years.
They will not have been earning interest for any time.
Will they have been earning interest for four years?
Examples
Exercise 1. My mom ________ for two days by the time I see her. has been travelling will have been travelling will has been travelling 2. They'll be exhausted by dinner. They will have been _____ hockey for seven hours. playing played play 3. Will you ________ here for ten years by the time of the Christmas party? have been worked have to work have been working 4. It's a 24-hour relay. They'll only have been ________ for half the time by 6pm.
10
11
ran run running 5. We ________ been waiting long. will not have have not will will have not 6. I ________ working for two years. willn't have been won't have been not have been 7. Won't they ________ travelling for two weeks by then? have been had been has been 8. The teachers will ________ for a month by the time the deal is made. have been striking will strike will be striking 9. The films run all night. We ________ movies for six hours by the time the feature comes on. watched will have been watching will watch 10. She'll still be groggy. She ________ undergoing surgery for three hours. will has been will have been will be have
11
12 (englishclub.com, n.d.)
Speculations and conclusions about the past
You can use may have, might have and could have to express speculations or possibilities about a past situation and we already have facts to be based. Use must have and had to have when you are almost certain about your conclusion. Couldn’t have often express a feeling of disbelief or impossibility. Use could have in questions about possibility, don’t use may have or might have. Use been in short answers to questions that include a form o be. Use only the modal + have in short answers to questions with other verbs. Wh
positive
negative
question
Whq+could/might/… +vpparticiple+compl ement+?
Subj+may have/could/…+v pparticple+compl ement.
Subj+must/could/…+not +have+vpparticiple+com plement.
Could/might/…+subj+h ave+vpparticiple+compl ement+?
We must not have seen the statues.
Could we have seen aliens?
Who could have built the statues?
We may have seen the statues.
Examples
12
13
Exercise She looks sad. She must have ___ some bad news.
having have had has It might have ___ raining.
stopped stopping stops stop She must have already ___ my name.
knows know known knew He may have ___ them in his car.
took taked takes taken
13
14
The bird is gone, it must have ___ away.
flow few fly flown He must have ___ himself after falling off his bike.
hurts hurting hurted hurt The sign is missing, they must have ___ it.
removing removed removes remove (McCarthy, 2013)
Present progressive
Stative verbs are not included in this tense. We can use always to express a repeating action. We often use present progressive to express a negative reaction to a situation. Wh
positive
negative
Question
Whq+vbe+subj+v+ing+c omplement+?
Subj+vbe+v+ing+c omplement.
Subj+vbe+not+v+ing+ complement.
Vbe+subj+v+ing+co mplement+?
14
15 Why is it jumping in the bed?
It is jumping in the bed.
It is not jumping in the bed.
Is it jumping in the bed?
Examples
Exercise affirmative I am working.
I you
negative
question
You are jumping.
he
He is not dreaming.
she it
Is she sleeping? It is snowing.
we
Are we singing?
you
You are not fighting.
they
Are they reading?
(Ego4u, s.f.)
Present and future unreal conditionals 
Use this topic to talk about unreal conditions and their results. A condition and its result may be untrue, imagined, or impossible.
15
16
The “if clause” gives you the unreal condition and “the result clause” gives you the unreal result of that condition. Use the simple past in the “if clause” also use would, might, or could + base form of the verb in the “result clause” Even though you use the past in the “if clause” it doesn’t mean it is past. Don’t use would in “the if clause” Use were for all subjects when the verb in “the if clause” is a form of be.
Wh
positive
negative
question
Whq+would+subj+ vbase form+if+subj+vpast +complement+?
If+subj+vpast+complemen t+,+subj+would+vbase form+complement.
If+subj+would +neg+vbase form+comple ment.
Would+subj+vbase form+complement+if+subj +vpast+complement+?
What would she do if she had money?
If Mia had money, she would live in a place.
If Mia didn’t money, she would not live in a place.
Would she live here if she had money?
Examples
Exercise Conjugate the verb in parentheses in the correct tense used in the first conditional. If Mary has enough money, she'll come with us on vacation. I will make some coffee if you boil some water.
16
17
If you work hard, you'll finish the project in time. Unless he is late, we'll meet at six o'clock. If I tell you a secret, will you promise not to tell anyone? She won't attend unless he makes the presentation. If Joe cooks dinner, I will make dessert. Jane will play the violin if you ask her nicely. Our children won't eat vegetables if they don't have orange juice. If David isn't late, we will make the decision soon. (Beare, 2017)
Infinitive and gerund Gerunds The gerund looks exactly the same as a present progressive. The gerund always has the same function as a noun. They are often used as the noun of the sentence. The gerund often used after certain verbs as the object of the verb. You can use a possessive before the gerund. (Anne’s, the boy’s, his, her…) Gerund is the only verb form that can follow a preposition. There are many common a: verb +preposition and b: adjective + preposition. “To” can be used for infinitive or gerund. Use the gerund after the preposition to. Many people use object pronoun instead of possessive before the gerund. To make general statements you can use both! Examples
17
18
Exercise Complete the sentences with the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses. (cook)
is one of her hobbies.
(cycle)
is fun.
(Get)
a good job is not easy.
(Find)
a parking space is quite difficult in this area.
(drive)
becomes more and more expensive.
No (smoke) (work) (eat) (make)
in this area. overtime is quite common in this company. fruits and vegetables is good for your health. fun of other people is not nice.
18
19
(learn)
about other cultures makes people more tolerant.
(Ego4u, s.f.) Infinitives An infinitive is a verb form that acts as other parts of speech in a sentence. It is formed with to + base form of the verb. Some verbs can be followed by the infinitive. (we have 3 groups of these verbs): Verb + infinitive/ Verb + object + infinitive/ a. Verb + infinitive/ Verb + object + infinitive. Infinitive can often follow an adjective (which express felling of attitudes about an action in the infinitive) Infinitive can also follow certain nouns. Use the infinitive to explain the purpose of an action. Some verbs can be followed by the gerund or the infinitive. But meanings are the same. To make general statements you can use both! A few verbs (stop, remember and forget) can be followed by either the gerund or the infinitive, but the meanings are very different.
19
20
Examples
Exercise After a school trip to London, the pupils tell their parents what they have seen and done. Complete the sentences using infinitive constructions. Remember that the verb before the Infinitive Construction must be in Simple Past. The first sentence is given as an example. On our first day in London, our guide (tell us / what / do) She (show us / where / catch) We also (learn / how / buy)
told us w ha
in London.
the nearest bus or underground. tickets for the London underground.
On our second day, we (not know / whether / go) We (ask our guide / where / get)
on a sight-seeing tour.
tickets for the sight-seeing tours.
20
21
She (explain / where / find) pay)
the tour guides and (how much /
for a sight-seeing tour.
On the sight-seeing tour we (find out / how / hop to see as much of London as possible. We soon (know / which bus / wait for) We only (wonder / what / visit)
off and on the busses
at the stop. first.
(Ego4u, s.f.)
21
22
Reflection In this course I could remind all the contents that I already saw before in other courses. Honestly I don’t learn anything because I knew these topics but I could remind many rules and exceptions that I forgot many years ago. I liked the way we learn, we could teach a class and we had to focus like if that were a real class. Also to practice the topic explained before with games made me feel relax. The teacher taught us patiently and also very clear. She didn’t let us go with a doubt and she tried to help us with the homeworks in the way to check the answers. Also, when it was necessary she interrupt us in the speech of our classmates to review the rules, exceptions, examples and to complement better the classmate explanation. She had taught us a better way for us to teach our future students. I think we tried so hard to do the speech well from the creative part when we put everything in the power point presentation, to the explanation part in front of our classmates. The teacher is very dedicated to us and our learning process. I hope that everything we saw in this course as a review of what we have seen before, would help us in the future and we can implement our knowledge. Also this project will help me in the future with my future students, this is a great teaching material for us. I had fun creating this project.
22
23
Bibliography Beare, K. (04 de April de 2017). thoughtco. Obtenido de thoughtco: https://www.thoughtco.com/real-and-unreal-conditional-form-worksheets-1209878 Ego4u. (s.f.). ego4u.com. Obtenido de ego4u.com: www.ego4u.com englishclub.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from englishclub.com: https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_future-perfect-continuous-quiz.htm McCarthy, C. (Tuesday,18 de 06 de 2013). ecenglish. Obtenido de ecenglish: https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/modals-deduction-past Really-Learn-English.com. (2010-2017). Retrieved from Really-Learn-English.com: http://www.really-learn-english.com/future-perfect-exercises.html u, E. f. (s.f.). Ego for u. Obtenido de Ego for u: https://www.ego4u.com/en/cramup/grammar/future-1-will/exercises
23