Aydin eng

Page 1


$\G×Q LV ORFDWHG LQ 7XUNH\ҋV $HJHDQ 5HJLRQ DQG LV VXUURXQGHG E\ WKH SURYLQFHV RI 'HQL]OL WR WKH HDVW ú]PLU DQG 0DQLVD WR WKH QRUWK 0XùOD WR WKH VRXWK DQG WKH $HJHDQ 6HD WR WKH ZHVW 7KH FLW\ LV P DERYH VHD OHYHO DQG VSUHDGV RYHU DQ DUHD RI NP2 ,W LV ERUGHUHG E\ WKH $\G×Q 0RXQWDLQV WR WKH QRUWK DQG WKH 0HQWHüH 0RXQWDLQV WR WKH VRXWK 7KH % \ N 0HQGHUHV %DVLQ OLHV EHWZHHQ WKHVH PRXQWDLQV DQG IRUPV D ULFK DJULFXOWXUDO DUHD FRYHUHG E\ VLOW GHSRVLWV ZDVKHG GRZQ RYHU WKRXVDQGV RI \HDUV E\ WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU 7KLV ODUJH EDVLQ LQFOXGHV WKH $\G×Q .RoDUO× 6|NH DQG %DODW 3ODLQV

'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN

1


History 3UHVHQW GD\ $\G×Q LV VLWXDWHG RQ WKH VLWH RI WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI Ҋ7UDOOHLVҋ ZKLFK ZDV IRXQGHG E\ 7KUDFLDQ WULEHV ZKR VHWWOHG DORQJ WKH :HVWHUQ $QDWROLDQ FRDVW LQ WKH WK FHQWXU\ % & 7KH FLW\ ZDV GHVWUR\HG E\ DQ HDUWKTXDNH LQ % & DQG UHFRQVWUXFWHG ZLWK WKH HIIRUWV RI (PSHURU $XJXVWXV ,W ZDV WKHQ QDPHG &DHVDUHLD LQ KLV KRQRXU 'XULQJ WKH UHLJQ RI WKH 6HOMXNV 7UDOOHLV ZDV NQRZQ DV Ҋ$\G×Q * ]HOKLVDU×ҋ ZKLOH WKH 2WWRPDQV QDPHG LW Ҋ1HIV L .D]D L * ]HOKLVDU GHU /LYD L $\G×Qҋ 6LQFH WKH WK FHQWXU\ WKH FLW\ KDV EHHQ NQRZQ DV $\G×Q 2


7KH ÀUVW KXPDQ VHWWOHPHQW LQ $\G×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ҋV 5RDG ZKLFK VWDUWLQJ IURP 0LOHWRV DQG FURVVLQJ &HQWUDO $QDWROLD YLD 7UDOOHLV ,Q WKH 3HUVLDQ 3HULRG WKH FLW\ҋV WHPSOHV DQG ZRUNV RI DUW ZHUH GHVWUR\HG RU SOXQGHUHG GXH WR HFRQRPLF DQG VRFLDO SUREOHPV 7KH +HOOHQLVWLF 3HULRG VWDUWHG LQ WKH UHJLRQ DIWHU WKH YLFWRU\ RI $OH[DQGHU WKH *UHDW RYHU WKH 3HUVLDQV LQ % & $IWHU $OH[DQGHUҋV GHDWK KLV JHQHUDOV TXDUUHOOHG RYHU WKH VSRLOV RI KLV JUHDW HPSLUH EXW WKH 6HOHXFLGV JDLQHG FRQWURO RYHU WKH DUHD DQG HVWDEOLVKHG WKHLU VRYHUHLJQW\ LQ % & $SSUR[LPDWHO\ RQH KXQGUHG \HDUV ODWHU $\G×Q FDPH XQGHU WKH UXOH RI WKH .LQJGRP RI


3HUJDPRQ ZKLFK ODVWHG XQWLO 5RPDQ VRYHUHLJQW\ ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG LQ % & &KULVWLDQLW\ DFKLHYHG JUHDW SROLWLFDO SRZHU GXULQJ WKH %\]DQWLQH 3HULRG DQG WKH $\G×Q UHJLRQ ZDV UXOHG E\ WKH $QDWROLDQ 3DWULDUFKDWH 0LOHWRV DQG 3ULHQH EHFDPH ELVKRSULFV )ROORZLQJ WKH HQG RI %\]DQWLQH GRPLQDWLRQ $\G×Q ZDV UXOHG E\


WKH 6HOMXNV WKH 0HQWHüHRùXOODU× 3ULQFLSDOLW\ DQG WKH $\G×QRùXOODU× 3ULQFLSDOLW\ UHVSHFWLYHO\ ,W ZDV LQFRUSRUDWHG LQWR WKH WHUULWRULHV RI WKH 2WWRPDQ (PSLUH E\ <×OG×U×P %D\H]LG LQ +DYLQJ EHHQ RFFXSLHG GXULQJ WKH )LUVW :RUOG :DU $\G×Q ZDV UHVFXHG RQ 6HSWHPEHU DQG JUDQWHG FLW\ VWDWXV LQ 'XULQJ LWV ORQJ KLVWRU\ WKH DUHD KDV H[SHULHQFHG VSDUNOLQJ SHULRGV LQ WHUPV RI DUW SKLORVRSK\ VRFLDO VHUYLFHV DJULFXOWXUH DQG DUFKLWHFWXUH DQG $\G×Q LV QRZ WKH SURXG RZQHU RI PDQ\ KLVWRULF DQG FXOWXUDO WUHDVXUHV 7KH SURYLQFH RI $\G×Q KDV GLVWULFWV %R]GRùDQ 1HVWOHG DW WKH IRRW RI WKH 0DGUDQ 0RXQWDLQV LQ WKH VRXWKHUQ SDUW RI WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV %DVLQ %R]GRùDQ GLVWULFW LV NP IURP $\G×Q 7KH GLVWULFW LV KRPH WR PDQ\ KLVWRULF VLJKWV $PRQJ WKHVH DUH WKH UHOLFV RI WKH 5RPDQ %\]DQWLQH DQG 6HOMXN SHULRGV VXFK DV FLVWHUQV LQ WKH YLOODJHV RI gUW O DQG .RQDNO× WKH VLQJOH DUFKHG .HPHU %ULGJH VSDQQLQJ WKH $NoD\ &UHHN EHWZHHQ WKH YLOODJHV RI %R]GRùDQ DQG $NKLVDU $UPXWDODQ %ULGJH RQ WKH %R]GRùDQ $OW×QWDü KLJKZD\ .|UWHNH &DVWOH RQ D KLOO EHWZHHQ WKH YLOODJHV RI .|UWHNH DQG gUHQFLN DQG WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI 3LJLQGD ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR WKHVH KLVWRULF WUHDVXUHV WKHUH DUH PDQ\ DUHDV RI JUHDW


7HPSOH RI $SROOR


QDWXUDO EHDXW\ VXFK DV WKH HQYLURQV RI WKH .HPHU 'DP 5HVHUYRLU RQ WKH $NoD\ &UHHN DQG WKH 0DGUDQ 0RXQWDLQV ZKLFK DUH IDPRXV IRU WKH VSULQJ ZDWHU EXEEOLQJ XS IURP WKHLU IRRWKLOOV %XKDUNHQW NP HDVW RI $\G×Q WKH %XKDUNHQW GLVWULFW LV LQ WKH QRUWKHUQ SDUW RI WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV YDOOH\ $ SUHGRPLQDQWO\ DJULFXOWXUDO DUHD WKH GLVWULFW LV KRPH WR WKH .×]×OGHUH +RW 6SULQJV dLQH ,Q WKH VRXWKHUQ SDUW RI WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV %DVLQ NP IURP $\G×Q dLQH GLVWULFW OLHV DW WKH IRRW RI 0DGUDQ 0RXQWDLQV RYHUORRNLQJ WKH JUHHQ ÀHOGV ZDWHUHG E\ WKH dLQH &UHHN /HQGLQJ LWV QDPH WR WKH GLVWULFW WKH dLQH &UHHN LV D WULEXWDU\ RI WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU ,W ÁRZV WKURXJK D GUHDP OLNH YDOOH\ ZKLFK LV FDUSHWHG ZLWK OLOLHV /HJHQG KDV LW WKDW $WKHQD ZDV ZDQGHULQJ DORQJ WKH FUHHN DQG SOD\LQJ KHU ÁXWH :KHQ VKH $ODEDQGD


ORRNHG DW KHU UHÁHFWLRQ LQ WKH ZDWHU VKH WKUHZ WKH ÁXWH DZD\ EHFDXVH LW PDGH KHU FKHHNV ORRN SXII\ ZKHQ VKH SOD\HG LW 0DUV\DV IRXQG WKH ÁXWH DQG OHDUQHG WR SOD\ LW VR ZHOO WKDW KH FKDOOHQJHG $SROOR WR D PXVLF FRQWHVW .LQJ 0LGDV ZDV DSSRLQWHG DV MXGJH DQG DOWKRXJK 0DUV\DV PDGH SUHWWLHU PXVLF $SROOR ZRQ WKH FRQWHVW 'HVSLWH ZLQQLQJ WKH FRQWHVW $SROOR ZDQWHG WR SXQLVK 0DUV\DV EHFDXVH KH WKRXJKW 0DUV\DV SOD\HG EHWWHU WKDQ KLP $SROOR FXW RII 0DUV\DVҋ VNLQ DQG FKDQJHG 0LGDVҋ HDUV LQWR DVVҋ HDUV 0DUV\DVҋ EORRG ÁRZHG LQWR WKH ULYHU ZKLFK LV NQRZQ WRGD\ DV WKH dLQH &UHHN dLQH ZDV DQ ROG DQG LPSRUWDQW VHWWOHPHQW ,W ERDVWV WKH DQFLHQW 7HPSOH RI $SROOR


&DULDQ FLWLHV RI $ODEDQGD DQG *HUJD 7KH $KPHG *D]L 0RVTXH DQG WKH $KL %D\UDP 7RPE EHORQJLQJ WR WKH 0HQWHüHRùXOODU× 3ULQFLSDOLW\ DQG WKH 2WWRPDQ dLIWOLN 7RPE EXLOW IRU WKH ERG\ RI &LKDQ]DGH 6DÀ\H 6XOWDQ DUH DOVR ZRUWK YLVLWLQJ Didim NP VRXWKZHVW RI $\G×Q 'LGLP LV RQH RI WKH PRVW EHDXWLIXO KROLGD\ UHVRUWV RQ WKH $HJHDQ &RDVW /RFDWHG RQ D SHQLQVXOD ZKHUH WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU UHDFKHV WKH VHD WKH UHVRUW KDV VHFOXGHG FRYHV JROGHQ VDQG EHDFKHV QDWXUDO KDUERXUV DQG QHDUE\ /DNH %DID LV D KDYHQ RI WUDQTXLOLW\ 7KH LPSRUWDQW ,RQLDQ WRZQV RI 0LOHWRV DQG 'LG\PD KRPH RI WKH IDPRXV SURSKHW LQ DQFLHQW WLPHV DUH DOVR QHDU 'LGLP

9


0DJQHVLD DG 0HDQGUXP


*HUPHQFLN ,Q WKH QRUWKZHVW RI WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV %DVLQ NP IURP $\G×Q *HUPHQFLN ZDV IRXQGHG E\ +×G×U %H\ DQ KHLU RI WKH $\G×QRùXOODU× 3ULQFLSDOLW\ )LJV DUH D YHU\ LPSRUWDQW ORFDO FURS DQG ÀJ WUHHV DUH JURZQ ZLGHO\ RQ WKH IHUWLOH ODQG VXUURXQGLQJ *HUPHQFLN 7KH GLVWULFW KDV WZR KRW VSULQJV $ODQJ OO DQG *HUPHQFLN DQG JUHDW SRWHQWLDO IRU IXUWKHU JHRWKHUPDO GHYHORSPHQW 7KH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI 0DJQHVLD LQ 7HNLQ YLOODJH LV WKH PRVW QRWDEOH KLVWRULF VLWH LQ WKH GLVWULFW 7KH RQO\ ,VODPLF VWUXFWXUH DPRQJ WKH UXLQV RI WKLV DQFLHQW FLW\ LV WKH dHUNHV 0XVD 0RVTXH ZKLFK GDWHV IURP WKH WK FHQWXU\ úQFLUOLRYD úQFLUOLRYD LV ORFDWHG RQ WKH ÁDW DQG IHUWLOH ODQG RI WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV %DVLQ NP ZHVW RI $\G×Q ,W KDV DQ DFWLYH HFRQRP\ EDVHG RQ SURGXFH IURP ORFDO DJULFXOWXUH DQG UHODWHG LQGXVWULHV &RWWRQ ÀJV DQG FLWUXV IUXLW JURZQ ORFDOO\ DUH PDUNHWHG DFURVV WKH FRXQWU\ DQG DEURDG .DUDFDVX .DUDFDVX LV ORFDWHG LQ D NP ORQJ YDOOH\ EHWZHHQ %DEDGDù DQG WKH .DU×QFDO× 0RXQWDLQV NP HDVW RI $\G×Q WKH GLVWULFW LV PRXQWDLQRXV DQG UXJJHG ,W LV UHDFKHG WKURXJK ROLYH FLWUXV

11


$SKURGLVLDV

$SKURGLVLDV

12


IUXLW DQG SLQH WUHHV JURZLQJ DORQJ WKH 'DQGDODV &UHHN ZKLFK RULJLQDWHV IURP 'HGHOHU YLOODJH DQG IHHGV LQWR WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU 7KH DUHD KDV PDQ\ EHDXWLIXO QDWXUDO VLJKWV VXFK DV WKH *|UOH FDQ\RQV DQG WKH 6×UWODQLQL &DYH ZKLFK LV DQ LQWHUHVWLQJ JHRJUDSKLFDO IRUPDWLRQ QHDU dDPDUDV× YLOODJH 7KH GLVWULFW DOVR ERDVWV WKH PDJQLÀFHQW DQFLHQW FLW\ RI $SKURGLVLDV ,W LV DOVR KRPH WR 2WWRPDQ DUFKLWHFWXUDO WUHDVXUHV VXFK DV WKH +DF× $OL $ùD dDUü× 0RVTXH GDWLQJ IURP WKH WK FHQWXU\ WKH &XPD|Q 0RVTXH EXLOW E\ +DF× $OL dDYXü LQ DQG WKH ûH\K 6 OH\PDQ 5 üW 7RPE ZKLFK GDWHV IURP DQG ZKHUH WKH IDPRXV 6KHLNK 6 OH\PDQ 5 üW KLV VRQ 0XVWDID 1XUL DQG 6KHLNK 6H\\LW $OL HO )LO]L RI WKH 8üüDNL VHFW DUH DOO EXULHG .DUSX]OX .DUSX]OX GLVWULFW LV ORFDWHG LQ WKH dLQH EDVLQ NP VRXWK RI $\G×Q 7KH UXLQV RI $OLQGD DQG WKH FLW\ RI WKH &DULDQ 4XHHQ $GD DUH WKH PRVW IUHTXHQWO\ YLVLWHG WRXULVW DWWUDFWLRQV LQ WKH GLVWULFW .RoDUO× 1HVWOHG RQ WKH EDQNV RI WKH .RoDUO× &UHHN LQ WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV %DVLQ .RoDUO× GLVWULFW LV NP IURP $\G×Q $V DQ ROG VHWWOHPHQW WKH GLVWULFW LV NQRZQ IRU LWV KLVWRULF DWWUDFWLRQV VXFK DV $P\]RQ &DVWOH IURP WKH &DULDQ SHULRG WKH &LKDQ]DGH 0XVWDID %H\ 0RVTXH RU ҊdDUü× 0RVTXHҋ DQG LWV WRZHU ZKLFK ZHUH EXLOW E\ 0XVWDID %H\ LQ WKH WK


&LKDQ]DGH 0XVWDID %H\ 7RZHU

$TXHGXFW $OLQGD


FHQWXU\ DQG DQ WK FHQWXU\ FDVWOH LQ &LQ &LQ YLOODJH .|üN .|üN GLVWULFW LV RQ WKH $\G×Q 'HQL]OL KLJKZD\ NP HDVW RI $\G×Q $ ORW RI DJULFXOWXUDO SURGXFWV HVSHFLDOO\ FLWUXV IUXLWV FKHVWQXWV ÀJV DQG ROLYHV DUH JURZQ KHUH DQG WKHUH DUH ORFDO IHVWLYDOV GHGLFDWHG WR WKHVH IUXLWV 7KH ODUJHVW FKHVWQXW PDUNHW RI WKH UHJLRQ LV LQ WKH GLVWULFW $PRQJ WKH LQWHUHVWLQJ KLVWRULF VLJKWV LQ .|üN DUH D VPDOO VHFWLRQ RI WKH FLW\ ZDOOV EHORQJLQJ WR WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI (XKLSSH ZKLFK LV RQ WKH VRXWKHUQ EDQNV RI WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU 7KH QDPH RI WKH FLW\ ZDV UHYHDOHG E\ LQVFULSWLRQV RQ WKH ZDOOV 7KH VTXDUH SODQ $KPHW ûHPVL 3DüD 0RVTXH ZLWK LWV VLQJOH GRPH LV DQRWKHU ORFDO UHOLF WKDW ZDV EXLOW LQ WKH WK FHQWXU\ LQ <DYX]N|\ .XüDGDV× .XüDGDV× OLW %LUG ,VODQG VSUHDGV RYHU WKH FRDVWDO SODLQ DQG D ORZ SODWHDX EHKLQG RQ WKH HDVW DQG VRXWKHDVW RI .XüDGDV× %D\ 6XUURXQGHG E\ PRXQWDLQV WR WKH HDVW DQG VRXWKHDVW LW LV NP IURP $\G×Q 7KH GLVWULFW JHWV LWV QDPH IURP WKH * YHUFLQ 'RYH ,VODQG IDFLQJ LW .XüDGDV× LV RQH RI WKH PRVW FHOHEUDWHG KROLGD\ UHVRUWV LQ 7XUNH\ %RUGHUHG E\ 6HOoXN DQG 3DPXFDN WR WKH QRUWK DQG WKH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD WR WKH VRXWK LW LV QHDU IDVFLQDWLQJ WRXULVW DWWUDFWLRQV VXFK DV


.XüDGDV× +DUERXU

.XüDGDV×


(SKHVXV WKH 9LUJLQ 0DU\ҋV +RXVH 0LOHWRV 'LGLP 3DPXNNDOH 0DUPDULV DQG %RGUXP .XüDGDV× RIIHUV YLYDFLRXV DQG FRORXUIXO PRPHQWV LQ VXPPHU ZLWK LWV EHDFKHV KRWHOV PRWHOV FDPSLQJ VLWHV KROLGD\ YLOODJHV \DFKW KDUERXU DQG HQWHUWDLQPHQW IDFLOLWLHV d×EDQ <DYDQVX 9HQ V * ]HOoDPO× DQG 'DYXWODU KRW VSULQJV $VODQO× DQG =HXV FDYHV WKH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN ZLWK LWV FRYHV DQG PLQHUDO VSULQJV GUDZ D ORW RI 7XUNLVK DQG IRUHLJQ WRXULVWV LQ HYHU\ VHDVRQ H[FHSW ZLQWHU 7DYüDQ 6X DQG 6DQGDO ,VODQGV DUH SLFWXUHVTXH VSRWV RQ \DFKW H[FXUVLRQV DURXQG WKH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD 1HRSROLV ZDV WKH ÀUVW VHWWOHPHQW LQ WKH .XüDGDV× UHJLRQ DQG LW ZDV IRXQGHG E\ WKH ,RQLDQV DW Ҋ<×ODQF× %XUQXҋ $Q DUHD FDOOHG WKH Ҋ$QG×] 7RZHUҋ DW WKH IRRW RI 3LODY +LOO ZDV LQKDELWHG LQ WKH 0LGGOH $JH EXW EHFDXVH RI WKH GLIÀFXOWLHV RI VHD WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ IURP WKLV VLWH WKH PHGLHYDO VHWWOHPHQW ZDV ODWHU PRYHG WR D SODFH NQRZQ DV Ҋ6FDOD 1RYDҋ 1HZ 3LHU ZKLFK LV WRGD\ҋV .XüDGDV× 7KH 3DQLRQLRQ WKH DQQXDO PHHWLQJ SODFH RI WKH ,RQLDQ /HDJXH FDQ EH YLVLWHG DW WKH IRRW RI WKH 'LOHN +LOO RQ WKH QRUWK VLGH RI WKH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN +RZHYHU RQO\ WKH UDPSDUWV DQG WKH DVVHPEO\ EXLOGLQJ KDYH VXUYLYHG WR WKH SUHVHQW $ 9HQHWLDQ FDVWOH .DG× &DVWOH DQG WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI $QDLD ZKLFK LV NP VRXWKHDVW RI WKH FDVWOH FDQ


DOVR EH YLVLWHG QHDU 'LOHN +LOO 7KH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI 3\JHOD WR WKH QRUWK RI .XüDGDV× LV DQRWKHU KLVWRULF DWWUDFWLRQ * YHUFLQ ,VODQG KRPH RI D %\]DQWLQH FDVWOH FDUYHG LQWR WKH URFN DQG WKH WK FHQWXU\ . o N $GD &DVWOH ZHUH LPSRUWDQW GHIHQFH SRLQWV DJDLQVW SLUDWH UDLGV GXULQJ WKH 2WWRPDQ 3HULRG 7KH .DOH 0RVTXH WKH ROGHVW LQ .XüDGDV× WKH FDUDYDQVHUDL DQG WKH FLW\ ZDOOV DUH RWKHU LPSRUWDQW UHPDLQV IURP WKH 2WWRPDQ 3HULRG .X\XFDN .X\XFDN LV D W\SLFDO 7XUNLVK VHWWOHPHQW LQ WKH IRRWKLOOV RI WKH $\G×Q 0RXQWDLQV NP HDVW RI $\G×Q 7KH UXLQV RI WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI $QWLRNKHLD ORFDWHG RQ $VDUWHSH +LOO DUH DPRQJ WKH VLJQLÀFDQW KLVWRULF VLJKWV LQ .X\XFDN :LWK WKH


XQLÀFDWLRQ RI WZR FLW\ VWDWHV QDPHO\ 6\PDLWKLV DQG .UDQDRV $QWLRNKHLD ZDV IRXQGHG RQ WKH EDQNV RI WKH 'DQGDORV &UHHN GXULQJ WKH UHLJQ RI 6HOHXFLG .LQJ $QWLRNKRV 6RWHU , % & 7KDQNV WR LWV ORFDWLRQ RQ WKH URXWH EHWZHHQ (SKHVXV DQG $SKURGLVLDV WKH FLW\ KDG EHHQ D VWRSRYHU IRU ERWK PHUFKDQWV DQG PLOLWDU\ WURRSV RYHU WKH FHQWXULHV 7KH RQO\ 2WWRPDQ UHPDLQ LQ WKH GLVWULFW LV WKH WK FHQWXU\ dDUü× 0RVTXH ZLWK D IRXQWDLQ 1D]LOOL 1D]LOOL LV NP HDVW RI $\G×Q RQ WKH 'HQL]OL KLJKZD\ DQG WKH ú]PLU $I\RQNDUDKLVDU UDLOZD\ 7KH ROGHVW VHWWOHPHQW LQ WKH 1D]LOOL UHJLRQ LV 0DVWDXUD ZKLFK ZDV IRXQGHG E\ WKH * YHUFLQ ,VODQG

19


3ULHQQH


/\GLDQV EHWZHHQ WKH %R]NXUW DQG (\FHOOL SODWHDXV RQ WKH EDQNV RI WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU 7KH DQFLHQW FLW\ JDLQHG LPSRUWDQFH GXH WR LWV ORFDWLRQ RQ WKH WUDGH URXWHV EHWZHHQ WKH $HJHDQ 6HD DQG 0HVRSRWDPLD ,W ZDV JUDQWHG WKH ULJKW WR PLQW FRLQV 7KH FLW\ UXLQV LQFOXGH WKH UHPDLQV RI WKH FLW\ ZDOOV WKHDWUH DTXHGXFW DQG YDULRXV EXLOGLQJV $QRWKHU DQFLHQW VHWWOHPHQW LQ WKH GLVWULFW LV WKH +DUSDVD LQ (VHQN|\ YLOODJH 7KLV FLW\ ZDV EXLOW RQ WHUUDFHV RQ $VDUWHSH +LOO 7KH QRUWKHUQ VHFWLRQ RI WKH FLW\ ZDOOV DUH VWLOO VWDQGLQJ WR D ODUJH H[WHQW 7KH FLW\ WKHDWUH GLVSOD\V DUFKLWHFWXUDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH +HOOHQLVWLF 3HULRG 7KH WXPXOL RQ WKH KLOOV O\LQJ WR WKH QRUWK ZHUH EXLOW DV D UHVXOW RI /\GLDQ LQÁXHQFH 7KH WK FHQWXU\ $SD] &DVWOH WKH WK FHQWXU\ $ùD 0RVTXH EXLOW E\ <DK\D 3DVKD WKH .RFD 0RVTXH WKH WK FHQWXU\ <HüLO *UHHQ 7RPE DQG WKH 6LQDQGHGH 7RPE DUH DOVR DPRQJ WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW KLVWRULF EXLOGLQJV LQ 1D]LOOL 7KH <HüLO *UHHQ 7RPE LQFOXGHV WKH JUDYHV RI 8üüDNL 6KHLNK 0HKPHG = KW (IHQGL DQG KLV IDPLO\ DQG GHULYHV LWV QDPH IURP WKH FRORXU RI WKH EXLOGLQJҋV H[WHULRU 6|NH )XOO RI KLVWRULF DQG QDWXUDO VLJKWV WKH GLVWULFW RI 6|NH LV NP ZHVW RI $\G×Q ZKHUH WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU SRXUV LQWR WKH $HJHDQ 6HD 1HDUE\ LV /DNH %DID D QDWXUDO ZRQGHU FDXVHG E\ 21


'RùDQEH\ 9LOODJH

WKH VLOW GHSRVLWV EURXJKW GRZQ E\ WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU ,Q WKH ODNH DUH WZR LVOHWV RQ ZKLFK PRQDVWHULHV DQG FKXUFKHV ZHUH EXLOW 7KH FHLOLQJV DQG ZDOOV RI VRPH RI WKHP DUH GHFRUDWHG ZLWK IUHVFRHV 2Q WKH ODNH VKRUHV DUH WKH UXLQV RI WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI 0\XV $QRWKHU DQFLHQW FLW\ IRXQGHG LQ WKH 6|NH UHJLRQ ZDV 3ULHQH ,WV UXLQV DUH RQ WKH VORSHV RI 6DPVRQ 0\NDOH 0RXQWDLQ 'RùDQEH\ IRUPHUO\ FDOOHG 'RPDo\D FRPPDQGLQJ D YLHZ RI WKH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN LV D ORYHO\ YLOODJH ZKLFK ZDV VHWWOHG E\ *UHHNV ZKR KHOG 7XUNLVK FLWL]HQVKLS XQWLO 7KH YLOODJHҋV DUFKLWHFWXUH KDV ERWK *UHHN DQG 7XUNLVK HOHPHQWV $PRQJ WKH UHPDUNDEOH H[DPSOHV RI FLYLO *UHHN DUFKLWHFWXUH DUH KRXVHV VKRSV D FKDSHO DQG D KRVSLWDO EXLOW RI VWRQH 7KH 22


QDUURZ VWUHHWV SDYHG ZLWK FREEOHVWRQHV DUH WKH ZRUN RI 7XUNLVK FUDIWVPHQ ,Q 6|NH WKH PRVTXH EXLOW E\ WKH ORFDO QRWDEOH +DF× =L\D %H\ LQ DQG WKH úO\DV $ùD 0RVTXH RU .RFD 0RVTXH ZKLFK ZDV UHQRYDWHG E\ úO\DV]DGH úO\DV $ùD LQ DUH 7XUNLVK ZRUNV RI DUW 6XOWDQKLVDU 6XOWDQKLVDU LV LQ WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV %DVLQ NP HDVW RI $\G×Q 7KH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI 1\VD RQ WKH SLFWXUHVTXH VORSHV RI WKH $\G×Q 0RXQWDLQV LV DPRQJ WKH WRXULVW DWWUDFWLRQV RI WKH GLVWULFW 1HDU 6DODYDWO× YLOODJH LV $NKDUDND ZKLFK UHWDLQV D P\VWHULRXV DWPRVSKHUH DQG WKH 7HPSOH RI 3OXWR WKH JRG RI WKH XQGHUZRUOG ZKLFK ZDV XVHG LQ DQFLHQW WLPHV WR JHW QHZV IURP WKH XQGHUZRUOG E\ VDFULÀFLQJ EXOOV 7KH .KDURQ &DYH LQ $NKDUDND KDV EHHQ XVHG IRU WKHUDSHXWLF SXUSRVHV WKDQNV WR WKH VXOSKXULF JDVHV DQG WKH FXUDWLYH ZDWHUV WKDW EXEEOH XS IURP WKH JURXQG LQVLGH <HQLSD]DU <HQLSD]DU RQ WKH VRXWKHUQ EDQNV RI % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU LV NP HDVW RI $\G×Q 7KH UXLQV RI WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI 2UWKDVLD FDQ EH YLVLWHG LQ WKH GLVWULFW


+LVWRULF DQG &XOWXUDO 6LJKWV $\G×Q 0XVHXP )RXQGHG LQ $\G×Q 0XVHXP ZDV PRYHG WR LWV FXUUHQW EXLOGLQJ LQ 6DUFRSKDJL WRPEVWRQHV FROXPQ FDSLWDOV VWHOHV ZLWK LQVFULSWLRQ DQG YDULRXV DUFKLWHFWXUDO REMHFWV WKDW ZHUH FROOHFWHG LQ WKH SURYLQFH RI $\G×Q DUH RQ GLVSOD\ LQ WKH PXVHXP JDUGHQ 7KH DUWHIDFWV DUH GLYLGHG LQWR DUFKDHRORJLFDO DQG HWKQRJUDSKLF H[KLELWV DQG DUH RUJDQLVHG LQ FKURQRORJLFDO RUGHU IURP WKH 3UHKLVWRULF $JH WR WKH 2WWRPDQ 3HULRG



$SKURGLVLDV 0XVHXP 2SHQHG LQ $SKURGLVLDV 0XVHXP KRXVHV RQH RI WKH ODUJHVW FROOHFWLRQV RI DQ\ ORFDO PXVHXP LQ 7XUNH\ ,W LV ORFDWHG ZLWKLQ WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI $SKURGLVLDV NP IURP .DUDFDVX 7KH PXVHXP KDV RQ GLVSOD\ D GD]]OLQJ FROOHFWLRQ RI DUWHIDFWV XQHDUWKHG GXULQJ WKH DUFKDHRORJLFDO


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


7HWUDS\ORQ $SKURGLVLDV


29


0LOHW 0XVHXP 7KH 0LOHW 0XVHXP LV LQ WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI 0LOHWRV NP IURP 'LGLP ,W UHPDLQHG RSHQ WR YLVLWRUV EHWZHHQ DQG )RVVLOV FHUDPLFV JHRPHWULFDO REMHFWV ÁRRU PRVDLFV DPSKRUD WKHDWUH PDVNV RLO ODPSV PHWDO DQG JODVV LWHPV VWDWXHWWHV FRLQV DQG WRPEVWRQHV DUH DOO RQ GLVSOD\ LQ FKURQRORJLFDO RUGHU LQ WKH PXVHXPҋV WKUHH H[KLELWLRQ KDOOV $OO WKHVH DUWHIDFWV ZHUH EURXJKW WR OLJKW GXULQJ WKH H[FDYDWLRQV DW 0LOHWRV DQG QHDUE\ 'LG\PD 0LOHW 0XVHXP LV FXUUHQWO\ FORVHG WR YLVLWRUV EXW WKHUH DUH SODQV WR UHRSHQ LW LQ WKH QHDU IXWXUH /LRQ VWDWXHV <|U N $OL (IH 0XVHXP


DUFKLWHFWXUDO FRPSRQHQWV EHDULQJ UHOLHIV FROXPQ FDSLWDOV VDUFRSKDJL DQG KXJH VWDWXHV DUH H[KLELWHG LQ WKH PXVHXP JDUGHQ <|U N $OL (IH 0XVHXP /RFDWHG LQ WKH <HQLSD]DU GLVWULFW WKLV WZR VWRUH\ PXVHXP KRXVH GLVSOD\V WKH SHUVRQDO EHORQJLQJV RI <|U N $OL (IH ZKR GLHG LQ DQG ZKR ZDV D KHUR RI WKH :DU RI ,QGHSHQGHQFH 7KH PXVHXP FRQVLVWV RI EHGURRPV RQ WKH XSSHU ÁRRUV DQG D OLYLQJ URRP DQG NLWFKHQ RQ WKH JURXQG ÁRRU $W WKH HQWUDQFH RI WKH JDUGHQ WKH VWDWXH RI <|U N $OL (IH DQG KLV DVVLVWDQW Ҋ.×]DQҋ FDUYHG E\ WKH VFXOSWRU 3URIHVVRU 'RFWRU 7DQNXW (NUHP ZHOFRPHV YLVLWRUV $ODEDQGD $ODEDQGD LV D &DULDQ FLW\ LQ 'RùDQ\XUW $UDSKLVDU YLOODJH NP ZHVW RI dLQH 7KH %\]DQWLQH 6WHSKDQRV UHFRUGHG WKDW LQ KRQRXU RI .LQJ .DUҋV VRQ $ODEDQGRVҋ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


7KH UXLQV RI $ODEDQGD WKDW FDQ EH YLVLWHG WRGD\ LQFOXGH WZR WHPSOHV D WKHDWUH ZLWK WZR GLD]RPD ZDONZD\ SDVVDJH D ERXOHXWHULRQ WKH EXLOGLQJ RI WKH FLW\ FRXQFLO WKH FLW\ JDWH DQG DQ DJRUD 7KH PHPRULDO WRPEV DQ DTXHGXFW DQG UDPSDUWV DUH DOVR UHPLQGHUV RI SDVW WKDW DUH ZHOO ZRUWK VHHLQJ $OO RI WKH UXLQV EHORQJ WR WKH +HOOHQLVWLF DQG 5RPDQ 3HULRGV 7KH LWHPV XQHDUWKHG GXULQJ WKH DUFKDHRORJLFDO H[FDYDWLRQV LQ WKH FLW\ DUH H[KLELWHG LQ DUFKDHRORJLFDO PXVHXPV RI úVWDQEXO DQG ú]PLU $OLQGD $OLQGD LV ORFDWHG RQ D KLOO LQ .DUSX]OX GLVWULFW +HNDWRPQRVÒ‹ GDXJKWHU $GD ZLWKGUHZ WR $OLQGD LQ % & DIWHU


VKH ZDV H[SHOOHG IURP +DOLFDUQDVVRV E\ KHU EURWKHU 6KH PDGH LW KHU FDSLWDO FLW\ DQG QHJRWLDWHG ZLWK $OH[DQGHU WKH *UHDW WR EHFRPH WKH 4XHHQ RI &DULD .QRZQ DV WKH PRVW IRUWLÀHG RI WKH &DULDQ FLWLHV $OLQGD PLQWHG FRLQV EHDULQJ WKH OLNHQHVV RI +HUDFOHV $IWHU WKH GHDWK RI $OH[DQGHU WKH *UHDW $OLQGD ZDV LQFRUSRUDWHG LQWR WKH ERUGHUV RI WKH .LQJGRP RI 3HUJDPRQ 7KHQ LW EHFDPH VXEMHFW WR 5RPDQ UXOH EXW LW PDLQWDLQHG WKH ULJKW WR PLQW FRLQV LQ LWV RZQ QDPH ,W LV UHYHDOHG LQ KLVWRULFDO VRXUFHV WKDW $OLQGD EHFDPH D ELVKRSULF GXULQJ WKH %\]DQWLQH 3HULRG EXW LW JUDGXDOO\ ORVW LWV IRUPHU LPSRUWDQFH $ODEDQGD


2QH RI WKH PRVW LPSUHVVLYH VWUXFWXUHV LQ $OLQGD LV WKH P ORQJ DJRUD 7KH FLW\ ZDOOV DUH EXLOW RI UHFWDQJXODU VWRQH EORFNV DQG DUH PRVWO\ XQGDPDJHG 2Q WKH VRXWK ZHVWHUQ VLGH RI WKH DFURSROLV KLOO LV D WKHDWUH ZLWK URZV RI VHDWV DQG D VHDWLQJ FDSDFLW\ RI 7KH UHPDLQV RI DQ DTXHGXFW FDQ EH VHHQ RQ WKH QRUWK ZHVWHUQ VORSH RI WKH DFURSROLV 7KH SDODFH VDUFRSKDJL DQG D WZR VWRULHG WRZHU DUH DOVR DPRQJ WKH EHVW SUHVHUYHG UXLQV 7KH PDJQLÀFHQW JXHVW URRP VDUFRSKDJXV DQG MHZHOV RI 4XHHQ $GD DUH RQ GLVSOD\ LQ WKH PXVHXP LQ %RGUXP &DVWOH 6WDGLXP $SKURGLVLDV


$P\]RQ 0D]×Q

$P\]RQ NQRZQ DV Ҋ0D]×Q &DVWOHҋ LV ORFDWHG LQ $NPHVFLW YLOODJH NP VRXWK RI .RoDUO× ,W VHUYHG DV DQ DGYDQFH SRVW IRU WKUHH ODUJH &DULDQ FLWLHV QDPHO\ +HUDNOHLD (XURPDRV DQG .KDONHWRU 7KH PRVW VWULNLQJ UXLQV LQ WKH FLW\ EHORQJ WR WKH WHPSOH ZKLFK LV VXSSRVHG WR KDYH EHHQ EXLOW LQ KRQRXU RI $SROOR DQG $UWHPLV 2Q WKH DFURSROLV DUH WKH UHPDLQV RI D WKHDWUH DQ DJRUD DQG D IRXQWDLQ 7KH VWRQH UDPSDUWV RI WKH DFURSROLV GDWH IURP WKH UG FHQWXU\ % & DQG DUH PDJQLÀFHQW H[DPSOHV RI VNLOOHG ZRUNPDQVKLS


$SKURGLVLDV


$SKURGLVLDV 7KH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI $SKURGLVLDV LV ORFDWHG DW WKH IRRW RI %DEDGDù 0RXQWDLQ QHDU WKH YLOODJH RI *H\UH 7KH PDJQLÀFHQW DQFLHQW FLW\ LV P DERYH VHD OHYHO DQG NP VRXWKHDVW RI .DUDFDVX GLVWULFW $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH %\]DQWLQH 6WHSKDQRV $SKURVLGLDV ZDV IRXQGHG LQ WKH WK FHQWXU\ % & DQG ZDV FDOOHG Ҋ1LQRHҋ D ZRUG GHULYHG IURP 1LQRV WKH .LQJ RI %DE\ORQLD +RZHYHU DUFKDHRORJLFDO H[FDYDWLRQV VWDUWHG LQ UHYHDOHG WKDW WKH ÀUVW VHWWOHPHQW LQ $SKURGLVLDV VWUHWFKHG IDU EDFN WR WKH &KDOFROLWKLF $JH DURXQG % & 7KH FOHDUHVW LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH FLW\ LV IURP WKH WK FHQWXU\ % & KLVWRULDQ $SSLDQ ZKR UHFRUGHG WKDW $SKURGLVLDV PLQWHG VLOYHU DQG EURQ]H FRLQV WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH QHLJKERXULQJ FLW\ RI 3ODUDVD %LQJHo $SKURGLVLDV UHDFKHG LWV KH\GD\ XQGHU 5RPDQ UXOH 7KH FLW\ҋV DUWLVDQV FDUYHG ZRQGHUIXO VWDWXHV DQG FRQVWUXFWLRQ HOHPHQWV IURP WKH PDUEOH IURP WKH TXDUULHV DW WKH IRRW RI %DEDGDù 0RXQWDLQ 7KH\ VHQW WKHLU EHDXWLIXO ZRUNV DOO DURXQG WKH 5RPDQ (PSLUH DQG IRXQGHG DQ DUW VFKRRO IDPRXV IRU LWV Ҋ$SKURGLVLDV VW\OHҋ $V D UHVXOW RI LQWHQVLYH VHWWOHPHQW GXULQJ WKH 5RPDQ 3HULRG ZKLFK ODVWHG IRU ÀYH KXQGUHG \HDUV WKH FLW\ LV GRWWHG ZLWK DUFKLWHFWXUDO IHDWV RI EULOOLDQFH 'XULQJ WKH %\]DQWLQH 3HULRG $SKURGLVLDV JUDGXDOO\ OHIW LWV VSDUNOLQJ GD\V EHKLQG GXH WR UHOLJLRXV DQG SROLWLFDO UHDVRQV 'HVWUR\HG E\


ÀUHV HDUWKTXDNHV DQG 6DVVDQLG DQG $UDE UDLGV WKH FLW\ ZDV HYHQWXDOO\ DEDQGRQHG $SKURGLVLDV ZDV IDPRXV IRU WKH ULWXDOV LQ KRQRXU RI $SKURGLWH JRGGHVV RI ORYH DQG IHUWLOLW\ ,W EHFDPH DQ LPSRUWDQW FHQWUH RI DUFKLWHFWXUH DUW DQG ZRUVKLS LQ $QWLTXLW\ 6FLHQWLÀF UHVHDUFK FRQÀUPHG WKDW $SKURGLVLDV DOVR SOD\HG KRVW WR PDMRU VWXGLHV SHUIRUPHG LQ WKH ÀHOGV RI PHGLFLQH PDWKHPDWLFV DQG DVWURQRP\ 0HGLFDO VFLHQWLVW ;HQRFUDWHV QRYHOLVW &KDUWLWRQ DQG SKLORVRSKHU $OH[DQGHU ZHUH DOO IURP $SKURGLVLDV $SKURGLVLDV 0XVHXP


7KH UXLQV RI LQWHUHVW LQ WKH FLW\ LQFOXGH WKH QG FHQWXU\ EDWK FRPSOH[ EXLOW GXULQJ WKH UHLJQ RI (PSHURU +DGULDQ WKH DJRUD ZKLFK KDV D ODUJH SRRO D WHPSOH HUHFWHG LQ KRQRXU RI WKH *RGGHVV $SKURGLWH LQ WKH ÀUVW FHQWXU\ % & DQG D VWDGLXP IRU SHRSOH 7KH WKHDWUH ZLWK D VHDWLQJ FDSDFLW\ RI WKH FLW\ ZDOOV WKH DFURSROLV WKH RGHRQ WKH ELVKRSULF SDODFH DQG WKH VFKRRO RI SKLORVRSK\ DOVR MXVWLI\ D YLVLW WR WKH FLW\


7HPSOH RI $SROOR


'LG\PD 'LG\PD LV NP VRXWK RI 0LOHWRV LQ WKH GLVWULFW RI 'LGLP ,Q DQFLHQW WLPHV D PDUEOH SDYHG VDFUHG URDG FRQQHFWHG 'LG\PD ZLWK 0LOHWRV ZKLFK KDG D UHSXWDWLRQ DV WKH FLW\ RI RUDFOHV 6WDWXHV GHSLFWLQJ VLWWLQJ PHQ DQG O\LQJ OLRQV ZHUH OLQHG XS RQ ERWK VLGHV RI WKH URDG ,Q WKH VDPH SHULRG 'LG\PD KDG D KDUERXU QDPHG 3DQRUPRV ,W ZDV QDYLJDEOH E\ ODUJH VKLSV EXW LW LV QRZ NP LQODQG ,W LV WKRXJKW WKDW 'LG\PD ZKLFK PHDQV ҊWZLQVҋ RU ҊWZLQ KLOOVҋ WRRN LWV QDPH LQ KRQRXU RI $SROOR DQG $UWHPLV ZKRVH HQFKDQWLQJ WHPSOHV VWRRG LQ WKH FLW\ 7KH 7HPSOH RI $SROOR 7KH EXLOGLQJ ZDV ÀUVW FRQVWUXFWHG DW WKH HQG RI WKH WK FHQWXU\ % & DQG ZDV HQODUJHG LQWR D KXJH WHPSOH IRU %UDQKLG RUDFOHV LQ % & ZKHQ LW ZDV GHGLFDWHG WR $SROOR VRQ RI =HXV 7KH 7HPSOH RI $SROOR ZDV YHU\ IDPRXV LQ $QWLTXLW\ EXW ZDV ÀQDOO\ GHVWUR\HG E\ WKH 3HUVLDQV LQ % & $IWHU WKH YLFWRU\ RI $OH[DQGHU WKH *UHDW DJDLQVW WKH 3HUVLDQV LQ % & 'LG\PD EHFDPH LQGHSHQGHQW DQG WKH 7HPSOH ZDV UHEXLOW 7KH FRQVWUXFWLRQ FRQWLQXHG GXULQJ WKH UG DQG QG FHQWXULHV % & EXW E\ $ ' WKH 7HPSOH EHJDQ WR ORVH LWV LPSRUWDQFH DQG GXULQJ WKH UHLJQ RI 7KHRGRVLXV , LW ZDV FRPSOHWHO\ ORVW :KHQ &KULVWLDQLW\ VSUHDG LQWR WKH UHJLRQ D FKXUFK ZDV EXLOW QHDU WKH VLWH RI WKH 7HPSOH 7KH DQFLHQW KLVWRULDQ +HURGRWXV QDUUDWHV WKDW DURXQG % & (J\SWLDQ


.LQJ 1HNKR ,, DQG /\GLDQ .LQJ &URHVXV PDGH RIIHULQJV LQ WKH 7HPSOH RI $SROOR 0HUFKDQWV DQG GHSDUWLQJ VROGLHUV \RXQJ EULGHV WR EH DQG HPSHURUV DOO ZDQWHG WR EH LQIRUPHG DERXW WKH IXWXUH DQG PDGH RIIHULQJV WR WKH JRGV LQ WKH 7HPSOH 6WUDER VWDWHV WKDW WKH 7HPSOH ZDV GHFRUDWHG ZLWK WKH PRVW H[SHQVLYH RIIHULQJV 7KH VWDWXH WKDW ZDV ZRUVKLSSHG LQ WKH 7HPSOH ZDV FDUYHG E\ WKH IDPRXV DUWLVW .DUQDNKRV KRZHYHU WKH RWKHU VWDWXHV DQG WKH DUFKLWUDYHV

7HPSOH RI $SROOR


EHDULQJ WKH IDPRXV UHOLHIV RI 0HGXVD DQG EXOOÒ‹V KHDG ZHUH FDUYHG E\ WKH WDOHQWHG FUDIWVPHQ RI $SKURGLVLDV 2QH PDUEOH EORFN HUHFWHG EHWZHHQ WKH GRRUV OHDGLQJ WR WKH VDFUHG FRXUW\DUG LV UHJDUGHG DV WKH ELJJHVW DUFKLWHFWXUDO FRPSRQHQW LQ WKH ZRUOG ,W ZHLJKV WRQV DQG LV VXUURXQGHG E\ FROXPQV VWDQGLQJ LQ WZR URZV RQ D VWHSSHG SODWIRUP HYLGHQFH RI WKH IRUPHU JUDQGHXU RI WKH FLW\


7HPSOH RI $SROOR

+HDG RI 0HGXVD 'LG\PD


7HWUDS\ORQ $SKURGLVLDV


*HUJD (DVW RI WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI $ODEDQGD QHDU WKH YLOODJH RI 2YDF×N DUH WKH UXLQV RI *HUJD 7KH VHWWOHPHQW LV GHÀQHG E\ D SLHFH RI URFN QHDUO\ P KLJK ZKLFK LV LQVFULEHG ZLWK WKH ZRUG ´*HUJDµ ,W LV DOVR VFDWWHUHG ZLWK WKH UHPDLQV RI EXLOGLQJV VWDWXHV VWDWXH SHGHVWDOV PRQXPHQWV WRPEV DQG WHPSOHV $PRQJ WKHVH UHPQDQWV ZKLFK ZRQGHUIXOO\ H[HPSOLI\ W\SLFDO &DULDQ DUW WKH PRVW DWWUDFWLYH RQHV DUH WKH IUDJPHQWV RI KXJH KXPDQ VWDWXHV ZKLFK KDYH VOLG RII WKHLU SHGHVWDOV DQG WKH VPDOO VWRQH VWUXFWXUHV ZLWK RSHQ IDFDGHV EHDULQJ WKH WHUP Ҋ*HUJDҋ 2QH LPSRUWDQW VWUXFWXUH EXLOW IURP KXJH KHZQ EORFNV ZKLFK LV WKRXJKW WR EH D WHPSOH EHFDXVH RI LWV DUFKLWHFWXUDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV UHPDLQV VWDQGLQJ ,W LV WKRXJKW WKDW WKH VWDWXH XQGHU WKLV VWUXFWXUH EHORQJV WR WKH JRGGHVV &\EHOH 0DJQHVLD DG 0HDQGUXP 0DJQHVLD RI 0HQGHUHV

7KH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI 0DJQHVLD LV ORFDWHG LQ WKH 2UWDNODU DUHD RI *HUPHQFLN GLVWULFW $FFRUGLQJ WR OHJHQG DQG KLVWRULF VRXUFHV WKH FLW\ ZDV IRXQGHG E\ D WULEH FDOOHG WKH 0DJQHWV IURP 7KHVVDO\ 7KH ÀUVW VLWH RI WKH FLW\ LV QRW NQRZQ H[DFWO\ EXW LW KDV EHHQ LQIHUUHG IURP DQFLHQW VRXUFHV WKDW XSRQ WKH SURSKHF\ RI $SROOR WKH 0DJQHWV XQGHU WKH OHDGHUVKLS RI /HXNLSSRV ODQGHG DW WKH ED\ RI %DID ZKLFK LV D ODNH WRGD\ DQG VHWWOHG RQ WKH EDQNV RI WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU 7KH 0DJQHWV UHEXLOW WKH


FLW\ LQ WRGD\ҋV ORFDWLRQ QHDU * P üoD\ DURXQG % & EHFDXVH WKH\ QHHGHG D PRUH IRUWLÀHG FLW\ ZKLFK WKH\ FRXOG GHIHQG DJDLQVW WKH 3HUVLDQV 7KH\ DOVR ZDQWHG WR GLVWDQFH WKHPVHOYHV IURP WKH SUREOHPV FDXVHG E\ WKH 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU FKDQJLQJ LWV FRXUVH DQG RYHUÁ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


0LOHWRV


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ÀUVW VHWWOHPHQW QHDU %DODW YLOODJH LQ 'LGLP GLVWULFW ZDV IRXQGHG DV D 0\FHQDHDQ FRORQ\ LQ % & $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH DQFLHQW JHRJUDSKHU 6WUDER WKH 0LQRDQV IRXQGHG WKH VHWWOHPHQW ZKLOH +RPHUҋ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ÀUVW FLW\ SODQQHU


0LOHWRV


LQ KLVWRU\ $IWHU WKH UXOH RI $OH[DQGHU WKH *UHDW WKH 6HOHXFLGV DQG WKH .LQJGRP RI 3HUJDPRQ 0LOHWRV JDLQHG LQGHSHQGHQFH LQ WKH 5RPDQ 3HULRG $W WKDW WLPH WKH FLW\ ZDV GRWWHG ZLWK PRQXPHQWDO VWUXFWXUHV 0LOHWRV ZDV DOVR KRPH WR WKH IDPRXV SKLORVRSKHUV 7KDOHV $QD[LPDQGURV DQG $QD[LPHQHV WKH KLVWRULDQ +HNDWDLRV DQG RQH RI WKH DUFKLWHFWV RI +DJLD 6RSKLD Isidoros +RZHYHU LW ZDV WXUQHG LQWR PDUVK ODQG DQG LWV FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK VHD ZDV FXW E\ VHGLPHQWDWLRQ IURP WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU LQ WKH 0LGGOH $JH ,W ORVW LWV IRUPHU LPSRUWDQFH EXW WKH VHWWOHPHQW FRQWLQXHG ZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI WKH 7XUNV H[LVWLQJ DV 3ODWDLD %DODW XQWLO WKH WK FHQWXU\ %DODW KDUERXU EHFDPH LPSRUWDQW IRU WKH H[SRUW RI SURGXFWV EURXJKW IURP $QDWROLD DQG $VLD 0LOHWRV LV D PDUYHOORXV VLWH ZLWK LWV 'HOSKLQLRQ WKH RSHQ DLU WHPSOH RI $SROOR 'HOSKLQLXV D P ZLGH P KLJK VHDW DPSKLWKHDWUH DQG WKH ZHOO SUHVHUYHG )DXVWLQD %DWKV ZLWK LWV SDODHVWUD WUDLQLQJ DQG ZUHVWOLQJ VFKRRO 7KH DQFLHQW FLW\ DOVR ERDVWV WKH WHPSOH RI 6HUDSLV D ELVKRSULF FKXUFK DQG WKH UHPQDQWV RI WRPEV DQ DJRUD D P ORQJ FHUHPRQLDO URDG DQG WKH KDUERXU JDWHV DW WKH HDVWHUQ HQG RI WKLV URDG 7ZR WHPSOHV GHGLFDWHG WR 'HPHWHU WKH JRGGHVV RI IHUWLOLW\ DQG WR KHU GDXJKWHU .RUD WKH PRQXPHQWDO IRXQWDLQ Q\PSKDLRQ J\PQDVLXP EDWK VWDGLXP WHPHQRV RI 2O\PSLDQ =HXV ERXOHXWHULRQ DQG WHPHQRV RI (J\SWLDQ


/LEUDU\ 1\VD

1\VD


*RGV DUH DOVR DPRQJ WKH UXLQV 2Q WKH KLOO WR WKH VRXWK RI WKH DJRUD WKH VWULNLQJ FROXPQV RI WKH 7HPSOH RI $WKHQD DUH WKH PRVW GLVWLQJXLVKHG VWUXFWXUH LQ WKH FLW\ 0\XV 7KH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI 0\XV LV NP VRXWK RI 6|NH RQ WKH VKRUHV RI /DNH %DID ,W LV NP HDVW RI 0LOHWRV QHDU $YüDU YLOODJH $FFRUGLQJ WR 6WUDER WKH FLW\ ZDV IRXQGHG E\ .\GUHORV VRQ RI DQ $WKHQHDQ .LQJ .RGURV DQG ZDV DQ LPSRUWDQW FRDVWDO FLW\ LQ 3DQLRQLDQ 7KH DUFKDHRORJLFDO H[FDYDWLRQV LQ WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ EURXJKW WR WKH OLJKW D ZKLWH PDUEOH WHPSOH RI 'LRQ\VXV ZKLFK ZDV PHQWLRQHG LQ WKH DQFLHQW VRXUFHV 7RGD\ WKH UHPQDQWV RI WKH WHPSOH FLW\ ZDOOV DQG D %\]DQWLQH FDVWOH FDQ EH VHHQ 1\VD 7KH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI 1\VD LV QHVWOHG RQ WKH VORSHV RI WKH $\G×Q 0RXQWDLQV LQ WKH QRUWKHUQ SDUW RI WKH 6XOWDQKLVDU GLVWULFW +LVWRULDQ 6WHSKDQXV UHFRUGHG WKDW 1\VD ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG E\ $QWLRNKRV 6RWHU , VRQ RI 6HOHXNRV LQ WKH ÀUVW KDOI RI WKH UG FHQWXU\ % & LQ WKH QDPH RI KLV ZLIH $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH JHRJUDSKHU 6WUDER WKH FLW\ ZDV FRPSRVHG RI WKUHH YLOODJHV IRXQGHG E\ EURWKHUV FDOOHG $WK\PEURV $WK\PEUDGRV DQG +\GUHOHRV )RXQGHG RQ WKH VORSHV RI D VKDUS YDOOH\ 1\VD LV GLYLGHG LQWR WZR FLWLHV MRLQHG E\ WKUHH EULGJHV 2Q WKH ZHVW VLGH RI WKH ZDWHU FRXUVH DUH WKH UHPDLQV RI D J\PQDVLXP D VWDGLXP D %\]DQWLQH


$JRUD 1\VD



EXLOGLQJ DQG D OLEUDU\ $ WKHDWUH WR WKH QRUWKHDVW RI WKH OLEUDU\ LV GLVWLQJXLVKHG E\ IULH]HV DQG UHOLHIV FDUYHG LQWR WKH VWDJH DQG LW KDV D VHDWLQJ FDSDFLW\ RI DSSUR[LPDWHO\ 7KH DJRUD D ERXOHXWHULRQ DQG D 5RPDQ EDWK FRPSOH[ DUH RQ WKH HDVW VLGH RI WKH ZDWHUFRXUVH 7KH QHFURSROLV LV RQ WKH URDG WR $NKDUDND 6DODYDWO× WKH VDFUHG ZHVWHUQ SDUW RI WKH FLW\ 2UWKDVLD 2UWKDVLD LQ WKH YLOODJH RI 'RUGXUDQ LV NP HDVW RI <HQLSD]DU 6WUDER UHFRUGHG 2UWKDVLD DV EHLQJ D &DULDQ VHWWOHPHQW ,Q WKH WK FHQWXU\ % & WKH FLW\ ZDV GRPLQDWHG E\ WKH /\GLDQV DIWHU WKH YLFWRU\ RI .LQJ $O\DWWHV RYHU WKH .LPPHUV ,W MRLQHG WKH ,RQLDQ /HDJXH LQ WKH WK FHQWXU\ % & EHIRUH FRPLQJ XQGHU WKH VRYHUHLJQW\ RI WKH 3HUVLDQV OLNH PDQ\ RWKHU $QDWROLDQ FLWLHV $PRQJ WKH PRVW QRWDEOH VWUXFWXUHV LQ WKH FLW\


DUH WKH WKHDWUH DQG D %\]DQWLQH EXLOGLQJ ([SHUW ZRUNPDQVKLS FDQ EH REVHUYHG RQ WKH VDUFRSKDJL DQG WRPE URRPV LQ WKH QHFURSROLV 3LJLQGD )RXQGHG DV D VPDOO &DULDQ VHWWOHPHQW 3LJLQGD LV ORFDWHG NP QRUWK RI dDPO×GHUH YLOODJH LQ WKH %R]GRùDQ GLVWULFW ,W ZDV FRPSRVHG RI WKUHH DFURSROLVHV DQG WKH UDPSDUWV IURP WKH +HOOHQLVWLF 3HULRG FDQ EH HDVLO\ VHHQ WRGD\ 7KH WKHDWUH DQG WKH VDFUHG EXLOGLQJ ZKLFK LV VXSSRVHG WR EH D +HUDLRQ WHPSOH RI +HUD DUH DPRQJ WKH QRWDEOH VWUXFWXUHV LQ WKH FLW\ ,W LV LQIHUUHG IURP WKH LQVFULSWLRQV IRXQG LQ WKLV VDFUHG EXLOGLQJ WKDW WKH FXOW RI =HXV 3LJLQGHQRV ZDV SUDFWLFHG DQG D 7HPSOH RI =HXV ZDV VWDQGLQJ LQ WKH FLW\ 3ULHQH 2QH RI WKH PRVW IDVFLQDWLQJ DQFLHQW FLWLHV LQ $\G×Q 3ULHQH LV IRXQGHG RQ D QDWXUDO SODWIRUP RQ WKH VRXWKHUQ VORSHV RI 6DPVRQ 0\NDOH 0RXQWDLQ QHDU * OO EDKoH WRZQ ,W LV NP IURP WKH WRZQ RI 6|NH 7KH ÀUVW VHWWOHPHQW LQ 3ULHQH ZDV SUREDEO\ RQ WKH SHQLQVXOD MXWWLQJ LQWR /DWPRV %D\ DQG KDG WZR KDUERXUV (OHFWURQ FRLQV PLQWHG LQ % & DQG EHDULQJ WKH KHDG RI $WKHQD KDYH EHHQ SUHVHUYHG XQWLO WKH SUHVHQW GD\ 7KH FLW\ RI 3ULHQH ZDV IRXQGHG LQ LWV SUHVHQW ORFDWLRQ LQ % & DQG ZDV VXUURXQGHG E\ ZHOO EXLOW ZDOOV 7RGD\ DWWUDFWLYH UXVWLF ZRUNPDQVKLS FDQ EH REVHUYHG RQ VRPH SDUWV RI WKH ZDOOV


7HPSOH RI $WKHQD


%XLOW WR D JULG OLNH SODQ LQWURGXFHG E\ WKH DUFKLWHFW +LSSRGDPRV RI 0LOHWRV WKH FLW\ ZDV VHW RQ IRXU WHUUDFHV ZLWK WKH EXLOGLQJV EXLOW RI JUH\ EOXH PDUEOH XQLTXH WR WKH UHJLRQ 7KH FRXQFLOV RI WKH 3DQLRQLDQ ZKLFK ZDV IRUPHG E\ WKH ,RQLDQ FLWLHV RI 0LOHWRV 3ULHQH 0\XV (SKHVXV &RORSKRQ (U\WKUDH &OD]RPHQDH 3KRFDHD 6DPRV &KLRV 7HRV DQG /HEHGXV ZHUH KHOG LQ 3ULHQH DQG FRQGXFWHG E\ WKH SHRSOH RI 3ULHQH 3ULHQH KDG D KDUERXU FDOOHG Ҋ1DXORFKRҋ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ҋV KRXVH DQG D SU\WDQHLRXP JXHVW KRXVH ZKHUH SURPLQHQW JXHVWV ZHUH KRVWHG $Q ,RQLF 7HPSOH RI $WKHQD ZDV VWDQGLQJ DW D ORFDWLRQ FRPPDQGLQJ WKH FLW\ ,W KDG FROXPQV RQ WKH IURQW DQG FROXPQV RQ WZR VLGHV 7KHUH ZDV D


JROG DQG LYRU\ VWDWXH RI $WKHQD LQ WKH FHOOD RI WKH WHPSOH ZKLFK ZDV EXLOW E\ 3\WKHRV WKH DUFKLWHFW RI WKH 0DXVROHXP DW +DOLFDUQDVVXV RQH RI WKH 6HYHQ :RQGHUV RI WKH $QFLHQW :RUOG 2QO\ SDUW RI WKH WHPSOHÒ‹V DOWDU KDV VXUYLYHG WR WKH SUHVHQW GD\ 3\JHOD 3\JHOD LV ORFDWHG WR WKH QRUWK RI .XüDGDV× /HJHQG KDV LW WKDW WKH FLW\ ZDV IRXQGHG E\ VROGLHUV IURP $JDPHPQRQÒ‹V DUP\ ZKR ZHUH DEDQGRQHG KHUH EHFDXVH RI LOOQHVV $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH UHFRUGV RI 6WUDER WKHUH

7UDOOHLV


ZDV D WHPSOH RI $UWHPLV 0XQ\NKLD LQ WKH FLW\ ,W LV DOVR RQH RI WKH VHWWOHPHQWV ZKHUH 0\FHQDHDQ FHUDPLFV KDYH EHHQ IRXQG E\ DUFKDHRORJLVWV 7UDOOHLV 7UDOOHLV NP IURP $\G×Q ZDV IRXQGHG E\ WKH $UJLDQV DQG WKH 7KUDFLDQV ,W ZDV KDQGHG EDFN DQG IRUWK IUHTXHQWO\ EHWZHHQ WKH +HOOHQLVWLF NLQJGRPV IROORZLQJ WKH FRQTXHVW RI $OH[DQGHU WKH *UHDW LQ % & ,W UHDFKHG LWV ]HQLWK LQ VFXOSWXUH DQG WKH DUWV XQGHU WKH UXOH RI WKH .LQJGRP RI 3HUJDPRQ 7ZR JUHDW VFXOSWRUV $SROORQLRV DQG 7DXULVNRV ZKR


ZHUH FKDUJHG ZLWK WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI WKH IDPRXV DOWDU RI =HXV LQ 3HUJDPRQ ZHUH WUDLQHG LQ 7UDOOHLV 6WUDER PHQWLRQHG WKH ULFKQHVV RI WKH SHRSOH LQ WKH FLW\ 7KH UXLQV RI WKH QG FHQWXU\ J\PQDVLXP FDOOHG ҊWKUHH H\HVҋ E\ WKH SRSXODFH DQG WKH EDWKV WKH DJRUD WKHDWUH DQG D VWDGLXP IURP WKH 5RPDQ 3HULRG FDQ EH VHHQ WRGD\ 7UDOOHLV ZDV IDPRXV IRU LWV OHDWKHU SURGXFWV DQG UHG SRWWHU\ ҊWHUUD VLJLOODWDҋ 6WDWXHV RI WKH )DUQHVH %XOO DQG WKH <RXQJ $WKOHWH (SKHERV FDUYHG E\ WZR ZRUOG IDPRXV VFXOSWRUV $SROORQLRV DQG 7DXULVNRV ZHUH XQHDUWKHG LQ 7UDOOHLV $KPHG *D]L 0RVTXH DQG $KL %D\UDP 7RPE /RFDWHG LQ WKH YLOODJH RI (VNL dLQH LQ dLQH GLVWULFW WKH $KPHW *D]L 0RVTXH ZDV EXLOW E\ $KPHG *D]L %H\ VRQ RI úEUDKLP %H\ IURP WKH 0HQWHüHRùXOODU× 3ULQFLSDOLW\ 7KLV PRVTXH DQG WKH $KL %D\UDP úEUDKLP 7RPE LQ WKH EDFN FRXUW\DUG DUH ERWK IURP WKH WK FHQWXU\ 7KH VPDOO DQG VLPSOH SUD\HU QLFKH GHFRUDWHG ZLWK KRQH\FRPE FDUYLQJV DQG WKH SXOSLW ZKLFK H[HPSOLÀHV WKH EHDXWLIXO ZRRGFDUYLQJ RI WKH SHULRG DUH ZRUWK VHHLQJ 7KH ORZHU SDUWV RI ZDOOV RI WKH WRPE ZKLFK LV FRYHUHG E\ D S\UDPLGDO URRI DUH PDGH RI PDUEOH ZKHUHDV WKH XSSHU SDUWV DUH EXLOW RI EULFNV &LKDQRùOX . OOL\H %XLOGLQJ FRPSOH[ DGMDFHQW WR D PRVTXH

7KH &LKDQRùOX . OOL\H LV VLWXDWHG LQ $\G×QҋV FLW\ FHQWUH LQ WKH .|SU O


)RXQWDLQ RI &LKDQRùOX 0RVTXH

TXDUWHU ,Q LW ZDV EXLOW E\ &LKDQ]DGH $EGXOD]L] (IHQGL ZKR ZDV D WHDFKHU LQ D PHGUHVH 7KH . OOL\H FRQVLVWV RI D PRVTXH PHGUHVH WKHRORJLFDO VFKRRO WRPE ED]DDU DQG IRXQWDLQ ,W LV RQH RI WKH EHVW H[DPSOHV RI 7XUNLVK DUFKLWHFWXUH ZLWK EDURTXH DQG URFRFR GHFRUDWLRQ (VNL <HQL +DVDQ dHOHEL 0RVTXH 7KH (VNL <HQL +DVDQ dHOHEL 0RVTXH LV ORFDWHG LQ $\G×QҋV FLW\ FHQWUH LQ WKH +DVDQ (IHQGL TXDUWHU ,W ZDV FRQVWUXFWHG E\ +DVDQ 3DVKD VRQ RI 0XKLWWLQ (IHQGL %H\OHUEH\L RI (J\SW D NLQG RI JRYHUQRU ,WV FDUYHG PDUEOH SUD\HU QLFKH DQG SXOSLW DUH ZHOO ZRUWK VHHLQJ úO\DV %H\ . OOL\H 7KH úO\DV %H\ . OOL\H LQ 'LGLP LQFOXGHV D PRVTXH WRPE GHUYLVK ORGJH FDUDYDQVHUDL DQG EDWKV ,W ZDV EXLOW E\ úO\DV %H\ RI WKH 0HQWHüHRùXOODU×


gN ] 0HKPHW 3DüD &DVWOH &DUDYDQVHUDL

úO\DV %H\ 0RVTXH


3ULQFLSDOLW\ EHWZHHQ DQG ,W LV QHDU WKH UXLQV RI 0LOHWRV ,W LV D PDJQLÀFHQW ZRUN RI DUW ZKLFK KDV VXUYLYHG WR WKH SUHVHQW ZLWK LWV RULJLQDO DUFKLWHFWXUDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG GHFRUDWLRQ LQWDFW 0DUEOH SLHFHV JDWKHUHG IURP WKH UXLQV RI 0LOHWRV ZHUH XVHG LQ LWV FRQVWUXFWLRQ 7KH DWWUDFWLYH QRUWKHUQ IDFDGH LV RQH RI WKH PRVW GLVWLQFWLYH IHDWXUHV RI WKH . OOL\H 7KH SRUWDO KDV WKUHH SDUWV VXUURXQGHG E\ D ELJ DUFK OLNH DQ LZDQ &RORXUIXO LQODLG VWRQHV DQG PDUEOH VXUIDFHV UHÁHFW WKH XQLTXH DUFKLWHFWXUDO VW\OH WKDW ZDV LQWURGXFHG LQ WKH SHULRG RI WKH 7XUNLVK SULQFLSDOLWLHV $ PDUEOH SUD\HU QLFKH GHFRUDWHG ZLWK JHRPHWULFDO PRWLIV VSOHQGLGO\ H[HPSOLÀHV WKH HDUO\ 7XUNLVK DUW RI VWRQH GHFRUDWLRQ 7KH PHGUHVH DQG VRXS NLWFKHQ VXUURXQG WKH FRXUW\DUG DQG WKH WRPE RI úO\DV %H\ LV LQ IURQW RI WKH PRVTXH $ WZR VWRU\ UHFWDQJXODU FDUDYDQVHUDL LV FRPSRVHG RI D FRXUW\DUG URRPV DQG D VWDEOH &RYHUHG E\ D EDUUHO URRI WKH URRPV DQG VWDEOH VXUURXQG WKH FRXUW\DUG gN ] 0HKPHW 3DüD 0RVTXH DQG &DUDYDQVHUDL 7KH ROGHVW PRVTXH LQ .XüDGDV× WKH gN ] 0HKPHW 3DüD 0RVTXH ZDV EXLOW ZLWK D FDUDYDQVHUDL DQG D EDWK FRPSOH[ E\ *UDQG 9L]LHU 0HKPHW 3DVKD LQ 7RSSHG E\ D OHDG GRPH WKH PRVTXH ZDV GHVLJQHG LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK 2WWRPDQ DUFKLWHFWXUDO WUDGLWLRQV DQG LQFOXGHV ZRRG FDUYLQJ DQG JHRPHWULFDO MRLQWV 7KHVH MRLQWV ZHUH GHFRUDWHG ZLWK EHDXWLIXO VLOYHU PRWKHU RI SHDUO DQG LYRU\ LQOD\V 7KH WZR VWRU\ FDUDYDQVHUDL LV FHQWUHG RQ D FRXUW\DUG DQG VHUYHV


ûHPVL 3DüD 0RVTXH

6 OH\PDQ dHOHEL %H\ 0RVTXH


DV D KRWHO WRGD\ ,WV H[WHULRU ZDOOV DUH KLJK OLNH FDVWOH ZDOOV DQG WRSSHG ZLWK EDWWOHPHQWV IRU SURWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW DWWDFN E\ SLUDWHV ûHPVL 3DüD 0RVTXH /RFDWHG LQ $\G×QҋV FLW\ FHQWUH LQ WKH * ]HOKLVDU TXDUWHU WKH ûHPVL 3DüD 0RVTXH LV DOVR NQRZQ DV Ҋ$ùDoODUDUDV×ҋ EHWZHHQ WKH WUHHV RU Ҋ.×UP×]× 0LQDUHҋ 5HG 0LQDUHW ,W ZDV EXLOW E\ $KPHW ûHPVL 3DVKD LQ 6 OH\PDQ dHOHEL 0RVTXH /RFDWHG LQ $\G×QҋV FLW\ FHQWUH LQ úVWDV\RQ 6TXDUH WKH 6 OH\PDQ dHOHEL 0RVTXH UHÁHFWV WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI FODVVLFDO 2WWRPDQ DUFKLWHFWXUH %XLOW RI KHZQ VWRQH E\ 6 OH\PDQ %H\ LQ WKH VTXDUH PRVTXH KDV D SRO\JRQDO PLQDUHW ZLWK D VLQJOH EDOFRQ\ ,W LV WRSSHG E\ D GRPH RQ D WDPERXU ZLWK HGJHV DQG ZLQGRZV 7KH LQWHULRU RI WKH GRPH LV HPEHOOLVKHG ZLWK HQJUDYLQJV 7KH SUD\HU QLFKH LV VLPSOH ZKLOH EHDXWLIXO FDUYLQJV GHFRUDWH WKH PDUEOH SXOSLW 1DVXK 3DüD . OOL\H 7KH 1DVXK 3DüD . OOL\H LV VLWXDWHG LQ $\G×QҋV FLW\ FHQWUH LQ WKH .|SU O TXDUWHU ,W ZDV EXLOW E\ 1DVXK 3DVKD IURP $\G×Q LQ DQG FRQWDLQV D EDWK FRPSOH[ D PDVMLG D PHGUHVH QDPHG Ҋ2VPDQDùDҋ DQG DQ LQQ FDOOHG WKH Ҋ=LQFLUOLKDQҋ hYH\V 3DüD 0RVTXH 7KH hYH\V 3DüD 0RVTXH LV VLWXDWHG LQ $\G×QҋV FLW\ FHQWUH LQ WKH .|SU O TXDUWHU ,W ZDV EXLOW E\ hYH\V 3DVKD %H\OHUEH\L RI (J\SW LQ 7KH VTXDUH PRVTXH LV WRSSHG E\ D GRPH VWDQGLQJ


5DPD]DQ 3DüD 0RVTXH


RQ D KLJK WDPERXU ,W KDV DQ LQVFULSWLRQ DERYH WKH PDUEOH HQWUDQFH 5DPD]DQ 3DüD 0RVTXH 7KH 5DPD]DQ 3DüD 0RVTXH LV ORFDWHG LQ $\G×QÒ‹V FLW\ FHQWUH LQ WKH 5DPD]DQ 3DüD TXDUWHU ,W ZDV EXLOW E\ 5DPD]DQ 3DVKD EURWKHU RI hYH\V 3DVKD LQ $ VTXDUH EXLOGLQJ RI KHZQ VWRQH WKH 0RVTXH LV FRYHUHG E\ D VLQJOH GRPH ,WV ZRRGHQ HQWUDQFH LV GHFRUDWHG ZLWK LQWDJOLRV ZKLOH ORQJ ZLQGRZV DQG VPDOO GURS VKDSHG ZLQGRZV OHW WKH OLJKW LQ :RRG FDUYLQJV SODVWHU UHOLHIV DQG FRORXUIXO JODVV ZRUN DUH DOO DWWUDFWLYH IHDWXUHV RI WKH 0RVTXH .XUüXQOX 0RQDVWHU\ ,W LV WKRXJKW WKDW WKH .XUüXQOX 0RQDVWHU\ NP IURP 'DYXWODU LQ WKH GLVWULFW RI .XüDGDV× ZDV FRQVWUXFWHG E\ WKH %\]DQWLQHV LQ WKH WK FHQWXU\ ,QVLGH WKH 0RQDVWHU\ ZHUH D GLQLQJ KDOO D ODUGHU D NLWFKHQ URRPV IRU WKH PRQNV DQ LQÀUPDU\ D FKDSHO D FHPHWHU\ DQG UDPSDUWV ZLWK D FHOODU DQG GHIHQFH URRPV 7KH FHLOLQJ RI WKH FKDSHO ZDV GHFRUDWHG ZLWK IUHVFRHV GHSLFWLQJ V\PEROV DQG JHRPHWULF PRWLIV IURP WKH ,FRQRFODVWLF 3HULRG ,Q WKH VHFRQG KDOI RI WKH WK FHQWXU\ ZKHQ WKH ,FRQRFODVP HQGHG UHOLJLRXV VWRULHV LPDJHV DQG LGROV ZHUH DOVR SRUWUD\HG LQ WKH IUHVFRHV $USD] &DVWOH $USD] %H\OHUL 0DQVLRQ

7KLV FRPSOH[ LV ORFDWHG LQ (VHQN|\ YLOODJH QHDU 1D]LOOL DQG LV EXLOW RQ WKH ORZHU SDUW RI WKH &DULDQ +DUSDVD &DVWOH $USD]O× +DF× +DVDQ %H\ WKH RZQHU RI D ODUJH IDUP RQ WKH $NoD\ &UHHN KDG WKH EXLOGLQJ FRQVWUXFWHG LQ WKH WK FHQWXU\



+H EURXJKW ZRUNPHQ IURP 5KRGHV IRU WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ :LWK D PDQVLRQ VHFXULW\ WRZHU JUDQDU\ VWDEOHV DQG DX[LOLDU\ EXLOGLQJV WKH FRPSOH[ LV OLNH D FKDWHDX $PRQJ WKH WK FHQWXU\ VWUXFWXUHV LQ $\G×QҋV FLW\ FHQWUH DUH WKH $OLKDQ %DED 7RPE EXLOW IRU úVPDLO ELQ $OLKDQ IURP .KRUDVDQ D IRXQWDLQ DQG WRPE EXLOW LQ E\ $WLNH +DQ×P GDXJKWHU RI $EGXOODK 3DVKD WKH +DF× gPHU 'HGH 0DVMLG WKH )DWPD +DQ×P 6 E\DQ 0HNWHEL 3ULPDU\ 6FKRRO DQG IRXQWDLQ WKH Ҋ%H\ %DWKҋ RU Ҋ&HPDO %H\ %DWKҋ DQG WKH (ùUL . PEHW ZKLFK ZDV GDPDJHG E\ DQ HDUWKTXDNH LQ 1DWXUH DQG $FWLYLW\ 6HD 7RXULVP $\G×Q LV DQ H[FHOOHQW SODFH WR HQMR\ WKH VHD EHFDXVH RI LWV JUHDW FOLPDWH DQG ORQJ WRXULVW VHDVRQ 6HD WHPSHUDWXUHV EHWZHHQ 0D\ DQG 2FWREHU DUH LGHDO IRU ZDWHU VSRUWV VXFK DV GLYLQJ VDLOLQJ VXUÀQJ SDUDVDLOLQJ DQG ZDWHU VNLLQJ %HVLGH ZDWHU VSRUWV WKH DUHDҋV SULVWLQH EHDFKHV RIIHU HQGOHVV KRXUV RI UHOD[DWLRQ (DV\ WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ WR WKH SXEOLF EHDFKHV PDNHV WKHP DFFHVVLEOH IRU GD\ RU ZHHNHQG WULSV 7KH PRVW SRSXODU EHDFKHV DUH 7XVDQ 3LJDOH .DG×QODUGHQL]L * YHUFLQDGD <DYDQVX $VODQEXUQX DQG * ]HOoDPO× LQ .XüDGDV× DQG $OW×QNXP 7DYüDQEXUQX *HYUHN DQG $NE N LQ 'LGLP



<DFKW 7RXULVP .XüDGDV× RIIHUV HQGOHVV VKRSSLQJ DQG DFFRPPRGDWLRQ RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU YLVLWRUV :LWK LWV PDULQD DQG ZRQGHUIXO KDUERXU LW LV DOVR WKH SHUIHFW SODFH IRU \DFKWV DQG FUXLVH VKLSV $V WKH VHFRQG PRVW LPSRUWDQW SRUW RI HQWU\ IRU FUXLVH VKLSV .XüDGDV× KDV WZR SLHUV DQG D \DFKW KDUERXU ZKLFK DFFRPPRGDWHV DSSUR[LPDWHO\ \DFKWV 7KHUH DUH GDLO\ ERDWV IURP WKH KDUERXU WR WKH *UHHN ,VODQG RI 6LVDP 6DPRV DQG WR RWKHU SODFHV DOO \HDU URXQG &KDUWHU ERDWV DUH ZDLWLQJ LQ WKH KDUERXU WR WDNH YLVLWRUV RQ D %OXH 9R\DJH DQ XQIRUJHWWDEOH H[SHULHQFH RQ WKH FU\VWDO FOHDU DQG FKLOO\ ZDWHUV 7KHUPDO 7RXULVP $\G×Q LV ULFK LQ KRW VSULQJV 7KH $ODQJ OO +RW 6SULQJV WKH *HUPHQFLN +RW 6SULQJV DQG WKH * P ü +RW 6SULQJV LQ *HUPHQFLN GLVWULFW WKH 'DYXWODU +RW 6SULQJV LQ .XüDGDV× GLVWULFW WKH úPDPN|\ +RW 6SULQJV DQG WKH .×]×OGHUH +RW 6SULQJV LQ %XKDUNHQW GLVWULFW DQG WKH 6DODYDWO× +RW 6SULQJV LQ 6XOWDQKLVDU GLVWULFW DOO RIIHU KHDOWK DQG EHDXW\ WUHDWPHQWV 7KH VXOSKXULF ZDWHUV RI WKHVH KRW VSULQJV DUH NQRZQ WR EH HIIHFWLYH LQ WKH WUHDWPHQW RI UKHXPDWRLG GLVHDVHV VFLDWLFD EDFN SDLQ NLGQH\ VWRQHV FDOFLÀFDWLRQ SRO\QHXULWLV VWUHVV DWKHURVFOHURVLV DUWKULWLV RVWHRSRURVLV YLWLOLJR HF]HPD KDLU ORVV LPSRWHQF\ LQIHUWLOLW\ KDHPRUUKRLGV DQG XOFHUV 7KH ZDWHUV DOVR KHOS SHRSOH ORVH ZHLJKW LQ D KHDOWK\ ZD\


3ODWHDX 7RXULVP 7KH PRVW SRSXODU SODWHDXV DUH .DKYHGHUH LQ .DUDFDVX %XOJXU LQ %R]GRùDQ 6DU×FDRYD DQG gP U LQ .X\XFDN 0DGUDQ LQ dLQH DQG 3DüD ZKLFK LV NP IURP $\G×Q 0RXQWDLQ DQG 1DWXUH :DONLQJ 7KHUH DUH ZDONLQJ URXWHV ZKLFK SDVV WKURXJK DUHDV RI JUHDW QDWXUDO EHDXW\ DQG KLVWRULF LQWHUHVW 7KH UHJLRQ O\LQJ EHWZHHQ WKH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD .DULQD WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU DQG /DNH %DID RIIHUV H[FHSWLRQDO RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU DGYHQWXUH DQG GLVFRYHU\ 7KH URXWH IURP $SKURGLVLDV WR %DED 0RXQWDLQ P % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU 'HOWD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN DQG WKH dLQH 9DOOH\ DUH SHUIHFW URXWHV ZLWK KLVWRULF UHPDLQV DPLGVW XQLTXH QDWXUDO ODQGVFDSHV $QRWKHU DOWHUQDWLYH IRU QDWXUH ORYHUV LV WKH URXWH DORQJ WKH 'DQGDODV 5LYHU LQ .DUDFDVX RQ WKH 3DüD DQG 0DGUDQ 3ODWHDXV


1DWXUH :DONLQJ LQ WKH %HüSDUPDN 0RXQWDLQV $ VKRUW GLVWDQFH IURP %DID 7RZQ WKH YLOODJH RI *|O\DND %XFDN LV WKH EHVW SRLQW IURP ZKLFK WR VWDUW WUHNNLQJ LQWR WKH %HüSDUPDN 0RXQWDLQV P $ PLQXWH ZDON IURP WKH YLOODJH LV D FDYH ZLWK ZDOO SDLQWLQJV GDWLQJ IURP WKH WK RU WK PLOOHQQLXP % & ,Q DQFLHQW WLPHV WKLV SDWK ZDV XVHG IRU ZDONLQJ WR WKH VDFUHG VLWH RI WKH DLU DQG UDLQ JRG RQ WKH PRXQWDLQÒ‹V VXPPLW 7RGD\ LW LV XVHG E\ SHRSOH ZDONLQJ WR RWKHU YLOODJHV RU WR WKHLU ROLYH IDUPV 7KRVH VHHNLQJ DGYHQWXUH FDQ DOVR IROORZ WKH SDWK WR VHYHUDO %\]DQWLQH PRQDVWHULHV $QRWKHU PLQXWHV ZDON IURP WKH FDYH WDNHV \RX WR WKH VR FDOOHG <HGLOHU 0RQDVWHU\ ZKLFK LQFOXGHV FDYHV DQG VKHOWHUV WKDW EHORQJHG WR WKH PRQNV

/DNH %DID


1DWXUH :DONLQJ LQ WKH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN 7KH URDG EHWZHHQ 6|NH DQG * OO EDKoH SDVVHV WKH YLOODJH RI 'RùDQEH\ ZKLFK LV RU NP IURP WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU 'HOWD $W DQ DOWLWXGH RI QHDUO\ P DERYH VHD OHYHO WKH YLOODJH FRPPDQGV D ZRQGHUIXO YLHZ RI WKH VXUURXQGLQJ DUHD $ PHVPHUL]LQJ ODQGVFDSH DZDLWV YLVLWRUV RQ WKH VORSHV RI WKH PRXQWDLQV WKDW ORRP DERYH WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU 'HOWD ZLWK %DID DQG $]DS /DNHV %HüSDUPDN 0RXQWDLQV


/DNH %DID


'R첫DQEH\ 9LOODJH

78


DQG WKH DQFLHQW FLWLHV RI 0LOHWRV DQG 0\XV DOO YLVLEOH RQ D FOHDU GD\ 7KH VRXWKHUQ VORSHV RI WKH PRXQWDLQ DUH ZRRGHG $ RU KRXU FOLPE FDQ EH HQMR\HG DORQJ D SDWK DPLG D ZLGH UDQJH RI SODQWV VXFK DV SLQH ODXUHO UHGEXG ROLYH DQG FDURE WUHHV ZLOG VWUDZEHUU\ DQG U\HJUDVV 7KH URXWH EDFN SDVVHV WKURXJK D ZRQGHUIXO FDQ\RQ D QDWXUDO F\SUHVV IRUHVW RQH RI WZR LQ 7XUNH\ VSODVKLQJ IRXQWDLQV DQG $QDWROLDQ SODQH WUHHV DQG UHDFKHV D URDG LQ WKH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN

.XüDGDV× <DFKW +DUERXU


.XüDGDV×


0RXQWDLQ %LNLQJ 7KHUH DUH JUHDW WUDLOV IRU PRXQWDLQ ELNLQJ EHWZHHQ WKH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD % \ N 0HQGHUHV 'HOWD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN DQG EHWZHHQ 'LGLP $NE N 7KHVH WUDLOV DUH VWDELOL]HG DQG VOLJKWO\ VORSLQJ &DYLQJ :LWK LWV VSHFWDFXODU FDYHV $\G×Q LV DQ LGHDO VSRW IRU FDYLQJ DQG SRW KROLQJ ,W WDNHV PLQXWHV WR ZDON WR WKH 6×UWODQLQL &DYH IURP <XNDU× dDPDUDV× YLOODJH QHDU .DUDFDVX 7KH FDYH KDV D YHU\ QDUURZ HQWUDQFH EXW DIWHU PHWHUV WKH PDLQ FDYH KDOO LV UHDFKHG 7KLV KDOO LV GLYLGHG LQWR RU VHFWLRQV E\ FROXPQV VWDQGLQJ VLGH E\ VLGH $OO RI WKH FKDPEHUV RSHQLQJ RII WKH KDOO DUH IXOO RI VWDODFWLWHV VWDODJPLWHV DQG SLOODUV :KHQ WKH RXWVLGH WHPSHUDWXUH LV Ý& DQG WKH UHODWLYH KXPLGLW\ LV PHDVXUHG DV WKH WHPSHUDWXUH LQVLGH LV Ý& DQG WKH UHODWLYH KXPLGLW\ UHPDLQV DW 7KH FDYH LV P ORQJ DQG P GHHS 2Q WKH URDG WR WKH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN WKH =HXV &DYH LV DQRWKHU JUHDW FDYH WR H[SORUH ,W LV YHU\ LPSUHVVLYH RQ DFFRXQW RI LWV VLQNKROH FDUYHG E\ XQGHUJURXQG ZDWHUV 7KH $UVODQO× &DYH RU Ҋ<DUHQ &DYHҋ LV UHDFKHG E\ D PLQXWH ZDON DORQJ D NP GLUW WUDFN IURP 'HUHERùD]× RQ WKH .XüDGDV× URDG 7KH FDYH LV P LQ OHQJWK DQG P LQ GHSWK &DPSLQJ DQG &DUDYDQQLQJ 7KH UHJLRQ LV DQ LGHDO VHWWLQJ IRU FDPSLQJ DQG FDUDYDQQLQJ LQ QDWXUDO


/DNH %DID


surroundings. The area is especially popular with young people. Sport Line Fishing Lake Bafa, with its slightly salty water, LV H[FHOOHQW IRU VSRUW OLQH Ă€VKLQJ 7KH ZDWHUV DUH ULFK LQ Ă€VK VSHFLHV GXH WR the high levels of zooplankton and ZDWHU SODQWV %HVLGHV /DNH %DID Ă€VKLQJ can be enjoyed in Lake Azap, which is surrounded by an idyllic landscape. 35 km from SĂśke, the lake is surrounded E\ WUHHV DQG WKH %HĂźSDUPDN 0RXQWDLQV Between the foothills of the Samson 0RXQWDLQV DQG WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV River Delta, Lake Karina is another ideal VSRW IRU Ă€VKLQJ ZLWK PDQ\ GLIIHUHQW Ă€VK species. The lake has every possible shade of blue and is surrounded by beautiful scenery. With a total area of 4 km2, the lake has both hot and cold water springs. Grey mullet, bass and lidaki (little gilt headed bream) exist in abundance in the water. Kemer, Topçam, Karpuzlu, Yaylaova Dam Lakes DQG $YĂźDU <DWĂ—U .DUDFDKD\Ă—W .RFDJ|O and KaragĂśl Lakes are all suitable for VSRUW OLQH Ă€VKLQJ :LQGVXUĂ€QJ The Dilek Peninsula has excellent FRQGLWLRQV IRU ZLQGVXUĂ€QJ DQG LV IDPRXV among enthusiasts.


%LUG :DWFKLQJ 7KH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 'HOWD KDV D ODUJH ELRORJLFDO GLYHUVLW\ DQG SURYLGHV D VXLWDEOH KDELWDW IRU ELUG VSHFLHV RI ZKLFK QHVW LQ WKH DUHD 7KH UHJLRQ LV DQ LPSRUWDQW QHVWLQJ DUHD IRU HQGDQJHUHG GDOPDWLDQ SHOLFDQV SHOHFDQXV FULVSXV DQG S\JP\ FRUPRUDQWV SKDODFURFRUD[ S\JPHXV W\SHV RI GXFN KDYH SRSXODWLRQV RI RYHU DQG WKHUH DUH RYHU ÁDPLQJRV LQ WKH DUHD /LWWOH HJUHWV HJUHWWD JDU]HWWD ZKLWH WDLOHG HDJOHV KDOLDHHWXV DOELFLOOD VKRUW WRHG HDJOHV FLUFDHWXV JDOOLFXV DQG ORQJ OHJJHG EX]]DUGV EXWHR UXÀQXV EUHHG LQ WKH UHJLRQ GXULQJ WKH ZLQWHU PRQWKV 7KH 1DWLRQDO 3DUN &HQWUH IRU 9LVLWRUV DQG


,QIRUPDWLRQ RIIHUV H[LWLQJ DQG LQIRUPDWLYH ELUG ZDWFKLQJ WRXUV 7KH /DNH %DID 1DWXUH $UHD LV DQ LPSRUWDQW ELUG DUHD g.$ ZKLFK VKHOWHUV FROODUHG SUDQWLFROH JODUHROD SUDWLQFROD DQG VSXU ZLQJHG SORYHUV 6RPH RI WKH VSHFLHV RYHU ZLQWHU LQ WKH DUHD LQFOXGH WKH ZKLWH WDLOHG HDJOH KDOLDHHWXV DOELFLOOD OLWWOH JUHEH WDFK\EDEWXV UXÀFROOLV EODFN QHFNHG JUHEH SRGLFHSV QLJULFROOLV FRUPRUDQW SKDODFURFRUD[ FDUER JDGZDOO DQDV VWUHSHUD SRFKDUG D\WK\D IHULQD DQG FRRW IXOLFD DWUD 'DOPDWLDQ SHOLFDQ SHOHFDQXV FULVSXV DQG S\JP\ FRUPRUDQW SKDODFURFRUD[ S\JPHXV IURP WKH % \ N 0HQGHUHV 5LYHU 'HOWD FDQ DOVR EH VHHQ LQ WKH DUHD WKURXJKRXW WKH \HDU



3ODQW 2EVHUYDWLRQ 7KH ULFK ÁRUD RI WKH SURYLQFH SURYLGHV VLJQLÀ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×Q 7KH SURYLQFH DOVR KDV WKH IROORZLQJ WUHH VSHFLHV KROP RDN TXHUFXV LOH[ 3KRHQLFLDQ MXQLSHU MXQLSHUXV SKRHQLFD DQG WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ F\SUHVV FXSUHVVXV VHPSHUYLUHQV :LOGOLIH DQG +XQWLQJ 7RXULVP 7KH KHDYLO\ IRUHVWHG DUHDV RI $\G×Q SURYLGH VXLWDEOH KDELWDWV IRU QXPHURXV ZLOG DQLPDO VSHFLHV &RPPRQO\ IRXQG ELUG VSHFLHV LQFOXGH WKH NHVWUHO EODFN NLWH OLWWOH EXVWDUG JUHDW EXVWDUG VQLSH DQG VHD HDJOH ZKLOH WKH SRFKDUG DQG FRRW DUH WKH PRVW FRPPRQ ZDWHU ELUGV :LOG DQLPDOV RI WKH UHJLRQ LQFOXGH WKH EHDU ZLOG ERDU MDFNDO O\Q[ ZROI ZLOGFDW K\HQD DQG URGHQWV VXFK DV UDEELW OHVVHU ZHDVHO RWWHU DQG PDUWHQ +HUELYRURXV DQLPDOV LQFOXGH ZLOG JRDWV IDOORZ GHHU DQG URH GHHU 7KH % \ N


'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN


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ÀVK VSHFLHV &RQVHUYDWLRQ $UHDV /DNH %DID 1DWXUDO 3DUN 7KH /DNH %DID 1DWXUDO 3DUN LV VLWXDWHG NP IURP 6|NH 6XUURXQGHG E\ PRXQWDLQRXV WHUUDLQ WKH ODNH KDV D MDJJHG URFN\ FRDVWOLQH /DNH %DID FRYHUV DQ DUHD RI NP2 NP2 RI ZKLFK DUH ZLWKLQ WKH ERUGHUV RI WKH SURYLQFH RI $\G×Q ZKLOH WKH UHVW LV LQ 0XùOD 'HFODUHG D 1DWLRQDO 3DUN LQ WKH ODNH LV QRZ D SURWHFWHG FRQVHUYDWLRQ DUHD 2OLYH JURYHV SLQH WUHHV DQG WDPDULVN WUHHV VXUURXQG WKH SDUN ZKLFK VKHOWHUV SOHQW\ RI ELUG VSHFLHV 7KH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD % \ N 0HQGHUHV 'HOWD 1DWLRQDO 3DUN 7KH 1DWLRQDO 3DUN LV NP IURP .XüDGDV× DQG NP IURP 6|NH DQG LV UHDFKHG E\ WKH .XüDGDV× 6|NH KLJKZD\ 7KH 'LOHN 3HQLQVXOD LV IRUPHG E\ DQ



H[WHQVLRQ RI WKH 6DPVRQ 0RXQWDLQV LQWR WKH $HJHDQ 6HD ,WV JHRORJLFDO VWUXFWXUH LQFOXGHV 3DOHR]RLF VFKLVWV 0H]R]RLF OLPHVWRQHV DQG PDUEOHV DQG 1HRJHQH VHGLPHQWDULHV 7KH 1DWLRQDO 3DUN FDQ EH GLVFRYHUHG ZLWK WKH DFFRPSDQLPHQW RI D WRXU JXLGH E\ YLVLWRUV ZKR FDQ DOVR HQMR\ MHHS VDIDUL WRXUV RUJDQL]HG LQ .XüDGDV× 5HJLRQDO &KDUDFWHULVWLFV $\G×Q LV LGHQWLÀHG ZLWK WKH Ҋ=H\EHNҋ ZKR DUH KLVWRULF KHURHV RI :HVWHUQ $QDWROLD 7KH KHDG RI WKH =H\EHN ZDV FDOOHG DQ Ҋ(IHҋ 7KHVH =H\EHNV EHFDPH UHEHOV DJDLQVW WKH 2WWRPDQ JRYHUQPHQW GXULQJ WKH GHWHULRUDWLRQ RI FHQWUDO DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ DW WKH HQG RI WK FHQWXU\ DQG LQ WKH PLG WK FHQWXU\ 7KH\ RUJDQL]HG WKHPVHOYHV WR ÀJKW DJDLQVW LQMXVWLFH DQG ZHUH LGHQWLÀHG ZLWK $\G×Q DW WKLV WLPH 7KH\ DOVR IRXJKW YROXQWDULO\ LQ WKH 7XUNLVK ,QGHSHQGHQFH :DU 6RPH RI WKH IDPRXV =H\EHN ZHUH <|U N $OL (IH *|NoHQ (IH &DIHU (IH .×QDO× 'RNX] (IH DQG 0HVWDQ (IH +DQGFUDIWV DQG 6RXYHQLUV 'LVSOD\LQJ H[FHSWLRQDO PRWLIV DQG FRORXUV WKH KDQG ZRYHQ FDUSHWV UXJV DQG VKRXOGHU EDJV RI WKH UHJLRQ HVSHFLDOO\ LQ 7XUNPHQ DQG <|U N GHVLJQV DUH H\H FDWFKLQJ DQG PDNH H[FHOOHQW VRXYHQLUV <|U N VDFNV ZRYHQ ZLWK D VSHFLDO WHFKQLTXH NQRZQ DV VXPDN DUH DOVR FRPPRQO\ IRXQG LQ WKH UHJLRQ $QRWKHU OLYLQJ WUDGLWLRQ LQ $\G×Q LV WKH ZHDYLQJ RI JRDW KDLU WHQWV ZKLFK FDQ EH XVHG XQGHU DOO FOLPDWLF FRQGLWLRQV 91


92


/RFDO FRVWXPHV VXFK DV KHDGVFDUIV VNXOOFDSV IH]HV VKLUWV PDGH RI VLON RU FRWWRQ FUHSH FHSNHQ PDGH RI EURDGFORWK D VKRUW HPEURLGHUHG MDFNHW ZLWK IXOO VOHHYHV DQG üDOYDUV ORRVH WURXVHUV ZKLFK DUH WLJKW DURXQG WKH DQNOHV oHWHN D GUHVV ZRUQ RYHU WKH ÁDOYDU DQG ZRYHQ EHOWV DUH FRORXUIXO DQG GD]]OLQJ :RRG FDUYLQJ LV DQRWKHU FRPPRQ ORFDO KDQGLFUDIW LQ WKH SURYLQFH &LJDUHWWH KROGHUV FUDGOHV VPDOO RUQDPHQWV DQG WR\V DUH VRPH RI WKH SRSXODU ORFDOO\ SURGXFHG ZRRGHQ LWHPV 7XUNPHQ DQG <|U N FUDGOHV GUDZ WKH DWWHQWLRQ RI YLVLWRUV ZLWK WKHLU GHVLJQV DQG EHDXWLIXOO\ FDUYHG PRWLIV 7KH .DUDFDVX GLVWULFW LV NQRZQ IRU LWV UHG FRORXUHG HDUWKHQZDUH LWHPV VXFK DV MXJV DQG ERZOV 5HJLRQDO &XLVLQH 7KH SURYLQFH KDV D ULFK UHJLRQDO FXLVLQH 'LVKHV FRRNHG LQ ROLYH RLO ÀVK VSHFLHV VXFK DV JLOW KHDG EUHDP JUH\ PXOOHW UHG VHD EUHDP DQG UHG PXOOHW FLWUXV IUXLWV ÀJV JUDSHV VRXU RUDQJH MDP DQG WKH ORFDO ZLQH DUH DOO ZRUWK WDVWLQJ $PRQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO GLVKHV RI $\G×Q DUH WDUKDQD oRUEDV× D WUDGLWLRQDO VRXS PDGH IURP D PL[WXUH RI VXQGULHG \RJKXUW WRPDWR DQG SLPHQWR SHSSHUV NXODN oRUEDV× VRXS DF×O× J YHo PHDW DQG YHJHWDEOH VWHZ ZLWK KRW SHSSHUV ]H\WLQ\DùO× N×UO× N×]DUWPD IULHG YHJHWDEOHV LQ ROLYH RLO ]H\WLQ\DùO× WD]H DQG NXUX E|U OFH IUHVK RU GULHG EODFN H\H SHDV FRRNHG LQ ROLYH RLO SDWO×FDQ NDYXUPD EUDLVHG HJJSODQW VDUPDü×N DQG NHGLUJHQ NDYXUPD \DSUDN VDUPD



PHDW DQG ULFH ZUDSSHG LQ YLQH OHDYHV HWOL QRKXW \DKQLVL PHDW VWHZ ZLWK FKLFNSHD QRKXWOX NHUHYL] FHOHU\ ZLWK FKLFNSHD DUDS VDo× FLùHU VRWH OLYHU VDXWp NHüNHN ODPE ZLWK FUDFNHG ZKHDW FLODY D\UDQ E|UHùL SDVWU\ SDWO×FDQ ELEHU WDUDWRUX WXUüXVX SLFNOHG HJJSODQW DQG JUHHQ SHSSHU E|U OFH WDUDWRUX EODFN H\HG SHD VDODG ZLWK D VDXFH RI ÁRXU RQLRQ ROLYH RLO DQG JDUOLF WXUS RWX VDODWDV× UDGLVK VDODG VHPL]RWX VDODWDV× SXUVODQH VDODG DQG oLQJHQH SLODY× SLODI 6ZHHWV DQG GHVVHUWV RI WKH UHJLRQ LQFOXGH LUPLN KHOYDV× VHPROLQD KHOYD ]HUGH VDIIURQ ULFH GHVVHUW PXKDOOHEL SXGGLQJ ZLWK ULFH ÁRXU DQG URVHZDWHU V WODo ULFH SXGGLQJ DüXUH GHVVHUW ZLWK ZKHDW JUDLQV QXWV DQG GULHG IUXLW NQRZQ DV 1RDKҋV 3XGGLQJ ORNPD IULHG EDWWHU GLSSHG LQ V\UXS DQG SHOYL]H WDWO×V× 7KH PRVW GHOLFLRXV ÀJV DUH JURZQ LQ WKH $\G×Q UHJLRQ WKDQNV WR VXLWDEOH FOLPDWLF DQG JHRJUDSKLF FRQGLWLRQV 7KH PRVW IDPRXV ÀJ W\SHV DUH ҊVDU×WRSҋ ҊEDUGDF×Nҋ ҊJ|NORSҋ ҊPRUJ Oҋ DQG ҊNDUD\DSUDNҋ /RFDO $FWLYLWLHV /RFDO DFWLYLWLHV HVSHFLDOO\ FDPHO ZUHVWOLQJ EXOO ÀJKWLQJ DQG FRFNÀJKWV DUH YHU\ SRSXODU DPRQJ ORFDO DQG IRUHLJQ YLVLWRUV


Average Water Temperatures in .XüDGDV× Jan

Feb

March Apr

May

June

15,3

14,8

15,0

16,3 19,2

22,4

July

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

23,8

23,2

22,3

20,0 17,7

16,3

Year Average 18,8

$YHUDJH $LU 7HPSHUDWXUHV LQ $\G×Q Jan

Feb

March Apr

7,9

8,9

11,2

July

Aug

Sep

27,4

26,6

Year Average 17,0

.XüDGDV× +DUERXU

96

May

June

15,2

19,9

24,5

Oct

Nov

Dec

22,5 17,8

13,0

9,3


&OLPDWH 7KH ORFDO FOLPDWH LV 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ ZLWK KRW DQG GU\ VXPPHUV DQG PLOG DQG UDLQ\ ZLQWHUV 6QRZIDOO LV UDUH 7KH SUHYDLOLQJ ZLQGV LQ $\G×Q DUH IURP WKH HDVW DQG VRXWKHDVW EXW ZLQGV IURP WKH ZHVW DQG WKH VRXWKZHVW DUH DOVR H[SHULHQFHG LQ WKH SURYLQFH 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ %\ 5RDG 7KH FLW\ RI $\G×Q LV RQ WKH ( 'HQL]OL ú]PLU KLJKZD\ $\G×QÒ‹V FLW\ FHQWUH LV VLWXDWHG DW D GLVWDQFH RI NP IURP ú]PLU NP IURP úVWDQEXO DQG NP IURP $QNDUD .XüDGDV× RQH RI WKH PDLQ WRXULVW DWWUDFWLRQV LQ WKH SURYLQFH LV OLQNHG WR WKH VXUURXQGLQJ GLVWULFWV DQG FLWLHV E\ WKUHH PDLQ URDGV .XüDGDV× 6HOoXN .XüDGDV× 6|NH DQG .XüDGDV× 6|NH 'DYXWODU %\ 5DLO 7KH H[WHQVLRQ RI WKH 6|NH UDLOURDG ZDV WKH ÀUVW UDLOZD\ OLQH LQ 7XUNH\ DQG LW SDVVHV WKURXJK WKH SURYLQFH LQ DQ HDVW ZHVW GLUHFWLRQ 6|NH 2UWDNODU *HUPHQFLN úQFLUOLRYD $\G×QÒ‹V FLW\ FHQWUH .|üN 6XOWDQKLVDU 1D]LOOL .X\XFDN DQG %XKDUNHQW DUH DORQJ WKH UDLOZD\Ò‹V URXWH %\ 6HD ,W LV SRVVLEOH WR UHDFK $\G×Q E\ VHD DQG .XüDGDV×ҋV KDUERXU LV WKH EXVLHVW KDUERXU LQ 7XUNH\ 'DLO\ IHUULHV DUH DYDLODEOH IURP 'LGLP WR %RGUXP GXULQJ WKH VXPPHU VHDVRQ 9LVLWLQJ WKH VXUURXQGLQJ FRYHV DQG LVODQGV E\ WRXU \DFKWV LV DOVR SRVVLEOH 7KHUH DUH UHJXODU IHUU\ VHUYLFHV IURP .XüDGDV× WR 6DPRV EHVLGHV WKH FUXLVH VKLSV WKDW EULQJ IRUHLJQ WRXULVWV WR (SKHVXV IRU GDLO\ H[FXUVLRQV



'RQÒ‹W /HDYH :LWKRXW 9LVLWLQJ WKH DQFLHQW FLW\ RI $SKURGLVLDV DQG WKH 7HPSOH RI $SROOR LQ 'LG\PD :DWFKLQJ WKH .XüDGDV× *ROGHQ 'RYH 0XVLF &RQWHVW 7DVWLQJ GLVKHV FRRNHG LQ ROLYH RLO ZKLFK DUH D VSHFLDOLW\ RI WKH $HJHDQ 5HJLRQ DV ZHOO DV ÀJV JUDSHV FLWUXV IUXLWV DQG WKH ZLQH SURGXFHG ZLWK ORFDO JUDSHV %X\LQJ VRPH VRXU RUDQJH MDP (DWLQJ GHOLFLRXV ORFDO ÀVK VXFK DV JLOW KHDGHG EUHDP JUD\ PXOOHW UHG VHD EUHDP DQG UHG PXOOHW (QMR\LQJ WKH HOHJDQW VKRSV WKDW VHOO FDUSHWV UXJV OHDWKHU FORWKHV MHZHOOHU\ DQG VRXYHQLUV *RLQJ VZLPPLQJ DW 'LGLP 7DVWLQJ WKH GHOLFLRXV NDU KHOYDV× VQRZ KHOYD

99


8VHIXO 3KRQH 1XPEHUV 3URYLQFLDO 'LUHFWRUDWH RI &XOWXUH DQG 7RXULVP 'LUHFWRUDWH RI 6WDWH )LQH $UWV *DOOHU\ .XüDGDV× 7RXULVP ,QIRUPDWLRQ 2IÀFH 'LGLP 7RXULVP ,QIRUPDWLRQ 2IÀFH *RYHUQRUVKLS 0XQLFLSDOLW\

+RVSLWDO

3ROLFH

*HQGDUPHULH

%XV 6WDWLRQ

5DLOZD\ 6WDWLRQ +DUERXU


REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM General Directorate of InformationŠ www.kulturturizm.gov.tr www.goturkey.com Text 1HVULQ 7DĂźHU Graphic Design Canan Bayram Translation and Redaction *DP]H 6DĂšGLQo $\J O g]GHPLU Photographs $ELGLQ g]NDQ $OL 0XUDW &RUXN $NĂ—Q g]EHNOLJLO $KPHW +LNPHW 7XUDQ % Q\DG 'LQo &DEEDU $\\Ă—OGĂ—] &DQDQ $WDWHNLQ &KULVWLQD 'HOHXQD\ 'DYLG 2GDOH (UHP dDOĂ—NRĂšOX (UGDO <D]Ă—FĂ— (UGRĂšDQ 7HNLQ )DUXN $NEDĂź * OWHNLQ dL]JHQ +DOXN g]|]O +DVDQ < FHO ĂşEUDKLP =DPDQ .DGLU .Ă—U .HQDQ ĂşQDQo 0XUDW gFDO 0XVWDID $UĂ— 1D]Ă—P 7LPXURĂšOX 1HFPL (URO 1XUGDQ (UHQ 5DXI 0LVNL 6DOLP .Ro 6HOoXN .Ă—]Ă—OND\DN 6HUGDU <DOoĂ—Q 6Ă—WNĂ— )Ă—UDW ĂťHPVL * QHU 2UKDQ 7XUJXW 5HĂ€N 2QJDQ 7DKVLQ $\GRĂšPXĂź 7DQVX * USĂ—QDU 7XUJXW 6DOJDU 7LPXUWDĂź 2QDQ 8ĂšXU $\\Ă—OGĂ—] 9RONDQ 7XQFD\ <XVXI 7XYL =HNL ĂťDKLQ =H\QHO <HĂźLOD\ $UFKLYH RI WKH 0LQLVWU\ RI &XOWXUH DQG 7RXULVP Print %DĂźDN 0DWEDDFĂ—OĂ—N YH 7DQĂ—WĂ—P +L] /WG ĂťWL 7HO )D[ Ankara, 2011 For Free Distribution 101



&XOWXUDO +HULWDJH LV )UDJLOH 7KH ZRUOGҋ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ÁRRGV DQG IURP VORZHU DFWLQJ SURFHVVHV VXFK DV SROOXWLRQ RU KXPDQ DFWLRQV (YHQ WKH PRVW LQQRFHQW JHVWXUHV VXFK DV FROOHFWLQJ DQFLHQW SLHFHV RI SRWWHU\ RU PRVDLFV DV VRXYHQLUV KDYH D GHVWUXFWLYH LPSDFW LI UHSHDWHG E\ WKRXVDQGV 7RXFKLQJ DQ REMHFW RI VWRQH PHWDO RU WH[WLOH OHDYHV WUDFHV RI JUHDVH DFLG RU VZHDW RQ LWV VXUIDFH &OLPELQJ D PRQXPHQW ZHDUV GRZQ WKH VWUXFWXUH XQGHUQHDWK DQG FDQ GLVPDQWOH LW :ULWLQJ RU HQJUDYLQJ QDPHV LQÁ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


(8523(



Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.