Evolving Edges From Hard to Soft
A superblock prototype prioritizes pedestrians and directly emphasizes walkability
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
SuperBlock
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
SuperBlock Isolated Block
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
SuperBlock
Barcelona Historical City Fabric
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
SuperBlock
Pedestrian and Bike Friendly Multi-Activity
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Grid City Study
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Grid City Research Block and Block Subdivide
Street Hierachy
Building Height to Street Width Ratio
Massing Type and FAR
Massing Type ands FAR
City Fabric: Gradient Change
City Fabric: Gradient Change
Massing Type ands FAR
Transit Grid
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
One-way or Dould-way Drive
Massing Type ands FAR
Cut and Corner
Grid City Research
Street Hierachy Research
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Grid City Research
1
Street Gradient Research
6
1
8
Savannah
Sidewalk(Pedestrain)
Pedestrain: Bike: Car
Pedestrain Car Pedestrain
2
1:0:3
8
2
12
Landscape
Savannah
Pedestrain
Car
Pedestrain
3
6
3
1:0:2
Bike Lane
12 Pedestrain
Car
2
8
3
Pedestrain
Car
Pedestrain
3
8
Toronto Car Street Park
Pedestrain
1:0:1
12
Sacramento
Car Lane
1:0:1.6 14
Public Transit
Pedestrain
Savannah
Car
2.5
3.0
3.0
Sidewalk: 1-10m Bicycle Lane: 2-3m Car traffic(each lane): 2-4m
4
4
2
1:0:1.3
3.0
Parking Pedestrain
3.0 15.5
6.0
Car
Pedestrain
1:0:1.5
Community Street: one way drive low-speed drive car street park bicycle lane bicycle park
1:0:0.67
4
16 Pedestrain Parking
Portland SideWalk
2
2.5
Car
2.5 1.0
Pedestrain Parking
Rotterdam
Pedestrain
4.0 15.0
Pedestrain Parking
Rotterdam
Car Speed
3
Bike Lane
Car Lane
0
5-8m
2-3m
0m
Low speed
2-4m
2-3m
2-3m
High speed
3-5m
2-3m
3-4m
Car
Parking Pedestrain
Park
1:0:1 9
4
4
17 Pedestrain Parking
New York
3.0
2.5
Car
Pedestrain
9.0 17.5
3.0
Pedestrain Parking
Rotterdam
3.9 18.0
Pedestrain
Rotterdam
Pedestrain
Car
7.0
1:0:1.9
7.0
Landscape
2
4
1:0:1.125
Pedestrain
6
2
1:0:0
4
18 Car
Pedestrain Parking
Barcelona
2
4
Parking Pedestrain
3
2
3
1:0:1.25
4
18 Pedestrain Parking
Barcelona
Car
Parking
Bike
4
2
Pedestrain
2
1:0.375:0.875
4
2
4
18 Park
Portland
Pedestrain Parking Bike
1
2
6
Car
Parking Pedestrain
6
4
Parking
Pedestrain
7
3
19 Pedestrain Parking
Car
1:0:13
Savannah 3
7 20
Pedestrain
New York
Car
4
2
Pedestrain
8
2
1:0:2.3
4
20 Pedestrain Parking
Savannah
4
Car
Parking Pedestrain
8
2
2
1:0:1.5
4
20 Pedestrain Parking
Sacramento
Car
6
8
Pedestrain
Tram
Parking Pedestrain
Loading Street:
1:0:1.5
2
6
Bike
Pedestrain
Double-way drive High-speed drive Two-side Landscape
22
Sacramento
3
8
6
1:0.16:0.67
6
23 Pedestrain
Savannah
Car
5
2
Parking
2
6
2
Pedestrain
2
1:0:1.56
5
24 Pedestrain
Sacramento
Bike Parking
2
4
Car
2
4
Pedestrain
Parking Bike
1
2
4
4
Bike
Pedestrain
17
4
1:0.4:0.8
2
4
25
Toronto
Pedestrain
Bike
Car
8.0 Pedestrain
Rotterdam 5
2.5
4.0 25.0
2.5
Parking
Car
Parking
Pedestrain
18
3
1:0.5:1.625
8.0
1:0:0.562 5
28 Car
Pedestrain
Toronto 5
Pedestrain
1:0:1.8 5.5
8
1
5.5
8
4
Parking
Car
Pedestrain
8
4
Car
Pedestrain
37
Savannah
Pedestrain
Car
5
8
Parking Landscape
1:0:2.7 12
Avenue:
37 Pedestrain
Savannah
Landscape
Car
Double-way drive High-speed drive Landscape
1:0:0.76 3
23
7
3
7
43
Barcelona
Pedestrain Parking
Car
Landscape: Pedestrain&Bike
3
4
10
Pedestrain
Car
Landscape:Pe and Bike Parking
Car
15
Parking Pedestrain
10
1:0:0.48
4
3
Landscape:Pe and Bike Parking
Car
Pedestrain
14
7
49
Barcelona
Car
1:0:1.43 14
7
8
6
56
Pedestrain
Car
Landscape
Pedestrain
Car
Toronto 14.0
Rotterdam
Pedestrain
28.0
1:0:1.43 14.0
10.0
2.0
3.0
6.0
4.0
6.0
Pedestrain
Bike
Parking
Car
Pedestrain
Tram
59.0
4.0
6.0
3.0
2.0
13.0
Pedestrain
Car
Parking
Bike
Pedestrain
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
1:0.129:0.41
Grid City Research
8
10
10
14
13
8
6
32
11
Savannah L:0.68 R:0.87
25
Savannah L:1.0 R:1.0
14
Portland L:0 R:1.9
10
18
Rotterdam L:0.33 R:0.33
6 6
10
8
6
6
6
Building Height to Street Width Ratio
12
9
Savannah L:0.53 R:0.39
13
Toronto L:2.67 R:2.28
Savannah L:0.9 R:1.16
10
8
10
Savannah L:0.75 R:0.75
28
29
Savannah L:0.27 R:0.35
16
6
8
15
Savannah L:0. R:0.63 10
8
10
10
Sacramento L:0.8 R:1.4
10
29
Savannah L:0.27 R:0.35
18
Sacramento L:1.95 R:0.41
12
6
12
9
21
Portland L:0.98 R:0
19 26
6 21
Toronto L:0.44 R:1.4 15
12
B: 43m
9
Rotterdam L:0.63 R:0.63
25
Sacramento L:0.6 R:0
19
19
21
Sacramento L:0.8 R:1.6
16
42
19
19
19
19
Rotterdam L:0.97 R:0
43
Barcelona L:0.45 R:0.45
18
Barcelona L:1.0 R:1.0
49
21
6
Barcelona L:0.4 R:0.4
25 20
20
9
Toronto L:0.26 R:1.68
25
Rotterdam L:0.84 R:0.36
87
1-2: the distance between the two sides’building’ height is large, usually is 0-36m
29
32
Rotterdam L:0.23 R:0.23
0-1: the distance between the two sides’building’s height is small, usually is 0-3m;
56
Toronto L:0.57 R:0.5
Building Height to Street Width Ratio
0
0.5
1
1.5
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
2
3
Grid City Research Block Gradient Study
Toronto
Portlant Portland_ Urban Vector
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
160
185
80
125
96
80
80
80
80
80
138
80
80
50
172
80
2.35km
DISTANCE TO CC
% of fast traffic street
3.02km
80
80
80
75
75
3.41km
80
3.57km
87.5
12.1
21.1
0
83.3
89.4
0.72
0.59
Area/㎡ 0-200
Industrial Retail
% of Residential Program Average FAR
Area/㎡ 0-200 200-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000Area/㎡ 0-200 200-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000-
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu 0.70
200-500
500-
Grid City Research
City Fabric Rotation Study Barcelona
FAR
FAR
3.0-3.5
3.5-4.0 FAR
4.0-4.5 3.0-3.5
3.5-4.0
4.0-4.5
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
3
Site Analysis
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Site
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Site Evaluation Buidling Criteria
Remaining Buildings Removed Buildings
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Site Evaluation
Site with remaining buildings
Original Site
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Site Evaluation Activity Criteria
Program Narrative
Program Distribution
School
School
Activity of people
0
2
4
6
8
Activity of people
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Retail
Retail
Activity of people
Residents
Activity of people
Hotel 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Restaurant
0
2
4
6
8
Activity of people
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Hotel
0
2
4
6
8
Activity of people
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Residential Housing
2
4
6
8
Activity of people
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Office
School
0
2
4
6
8
Activity of people
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Market
2
4
6
8
Activity of people
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Public Space
Office
2
4
6
8
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Public Space
Activity of people
0
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Market
Activity of people
0
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Office
Activity of people
Retail
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Residential Housing
Activity of people
0
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Hotel
Activity of people
Market
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Restaurant
Activity of people
Restaurant
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Activity of people
10
Traffic Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Site Evaluation User Activity
Video
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Site Evaluation Shortest Path
Primary Attractor Secondary Attractor
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Superblock Generation
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Superblock Generation Generative Tools Superblock
Block
Building
Gradient 3D Cellular Automata
SuperBlock Concept
Pedestrian-Friendly Block Rotation
SuperBlock Concept Pedestrian-Friendly Block
Shortest Path Hard edge and Soft Edge
1, Mobility
Street Section Topo Building height to street width ratio Functional and Independent Traffic Networks
1, Mobility 2, Activity
H1
2, Activity 3, Participation
H2
W
Functional and Human Independent Networks0<H/W<1 Scale Traffic Street Section:
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
H1
3, Participation
H2
W
Rights Human Scale StreetCitizen Section: 0<H/W<1
Citizen Rights
Superblock Generation Cellular Automata
? Generation 0
Generation 0 Born Survive Die
0
Generation 1
8
8
20 20
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
26
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Superblock Generation Cellular Automata
Video
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Superblock Generation Shortest Path
Shortest Path
New Block
Hard Edge and Soft Edge
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Rotation Guildline
Superblock Generation From Hard to Soft
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Superblock Generation Landscape
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Superblock Generation Building Generation
3D Cellular Automata Grow on old building
Subdivision
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
3D Cellular Automata individual Growth
Rotation
3D Cellular Automata Combine different gernerations
Rotation
Superblock Evaluation
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Superblock Evaluation Lighting and Street Ratio
A-A' B-B' C-C' D-D' E-E'
Section A-A’ 21th Jun
F-F' G-G'
19.8
6.5
L: 1.27 R: 0.61
L: 2.77 R: 1.54
7.0
19.0
3.0 12.0
6.0 6.0
7.0
10.0
18.0
12.0
Section A-A’ 21th Dec
25.2
H-H'
12.0
16.2
L: 1 L: 0.5 L: 0.74 R: 0.86 R: 0.25 R: 1.17
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
20.1
10.0
L: 1.24 R: 1.24
L: 1.2 R: 1.2
4.9
7.0
2.4
18.0
10.0
13.0
3.0
3.0
6.0 14.7
3.0
3.0
13.0 6.6
6.0
7.0
12.0
12.0
25.0
Section B-B’ SectionB-B’ 21th Dec 21th Dec
25.0
SectionB-B’ Section B-B’ 21th Jun 21th Jun
5.7
L: 1.06 L: 2.65 L: 0.2 L: 0.43 L: 5.42 L: 1.75 R: 1.97 R: 1.22 R: 0.41 R: 0.43 R: 1.25 R: 3.16
Superblock Evaluation View
1.0
1.3
35.2
42.8 9.0
0.7
0.7
16.0
26.8
42.4
20.0
0.4
HTS BELOW 2 Floors
USH BACK ADD HEIGHT
ETBACK ADD HEIGHT
RICT BY NEW RATIO
RATIOS DO NOT COMPLY
STREET
STREET
ONE SIDE PUSH BACK ADD HEIGHT
PUNCH IN BETWEEN BUILDING
WIDTH >30
WIDTH >30
ONE SIDE SETBACK ADD HEIGHT
TO CONNECT STREET AND INNER OPEN SPACE
SHORT SIDE CANTILEVER ADD HEIGHT
SHORT SIDE SIDEBACK ADD HEIGHT
LIMIT BY NEW RATIO
LIMIT BY NEW RATIO
42.8 9.0
42.4
20.0
27.3
35.3
6.0
29.3
8.7
19.7
33.9
0.52
0.69
0.4
0.4
RATIOS DO NOT COMPLY PUNCH IN BETWEEN BUILDING TO CONNECT STREET AND INNER OPEN SPACE
STREET WIDTH >30
6.3
12.8 0.84
23.7
23.3
0.43
14.6
11.7
10.0 7.1
1.7
6.3
19.3
0.66
18.7
1.0
STREET
STREET
RIGHT
RIGHT
WIDTH >30
RATIO <1 + HEIGHT > 16
ONE HEIGHT BELOW 2 Floors SETBACK ADD HEIGHT
WIDTH >30
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.35
0.9
SHORT SIDE CANTILEVER ADD HEIGHT
SHORT SIDE SIDEBACK ADD HEIGHT
SHORT SIDE CANTILEVER ADD HEIGHT
I RATIO 1 - RATIO 2 I < 0.5
LIMIT BY NEW RATIO
LIMIT BY NEW RATIO
LIMIT BY NEW RATIO
TWO SIDES VARIATION LEFT
LIMIT OF VARIATION RESTRICT BY NEW RATIO
RATIO >1 + HEIGHT > 16 SECTIONAL VARIATION DEPTH>7 ROOM
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
BOTH HEIGHTS BELOW 2 Floors
I RATIO 1- RATIO 2 I > 0.5
ONE SIDE CANTILEVER ADD HEIGHT
ONE SIDE VARIATION
LIMIT OF CANTILEVER RESTRICT BY NEW RATIO
3.3
1.35 > 1
26.8
6.3
6.3
16.3
25.3
16.3
10.3
12.3
0.7
16.0
symmetrical
3.3
0.7
symmetrical
3.3
0.7
17.8
6.0
16.3
25.3
symmetrical
12.3
1.4
6.0
0.35
24.3
0.61
20.0
25.3
6.3 6.0 19.3 0.7
1.3
20.0
35.3
BOTH HEIGHTS BELOW 2 Floors
6.3
12.3
25.3
25.3
19.3
25.3
19.3
18.3 6.3
1.0
1.3
35.2
27.3
0.4
symmetrical
8.2
12.3
6.3 0.7
17.8
LIMITS RESTRICT BY NEW RATIO
metrical
6.0
16.3
25.3
25.3 1.4
3.2
OBSERVATIONS
0.7
0.61
20.0
19.3
6.3 6.0 19.3
9.3
0.35
1.3
20.0
25.3
18.2
SECTION VARIATIONS
12.3
19.3
19.3
18.3 6.3
6.3
BASE RATIO CHECK
25.3
symmetrical
25.3
symmetrical
11.3
1.362.73
2.2
29.3
Superblock Evaluation Edge Condition
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Superblock Evaluation Street -Space Syntax
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Superblock Evaluation Result
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Evolving Edges From Hard to Soft
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Evolving Edges Existing Site
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Evolving Edges Remaining Site
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Evolving Edges New Generation
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Evolving Edges Landscape Pattern
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Evolving Edges Plan
Soft Prototype1:500
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Hard Prototype1:2000
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu
Penndesign_701Studio_Anna_Yiwei Gao_June Zhu