Design for communication SOCIALSIZE
TU/e Industrial Design Wearable senses W r itt e n b y A n o u k Va n R a n s t | c o a c h e d b y M a r i n a T o e t e r s | J a n u a r y – J u n e 2 0 1 3 Eu r o p e a n Y o u n g ta l e n t f o r um | Li f e l o n g l e a r n i n g p r o g r a m | E r a s mu s
T U / e | fa c u lt y I n d u s t r i a l d e s i g n | W e a r a b l e S e n s e s | s tu d e n t s 1 2 8 8 3 5
3 foreword
introduction
|
Anouk Van Ranst
Regarding a new and evolving globalism there is a need to Understand the importance of transculturalism and cross culturally differences within the context of a future form of new city nomadism.
Embracing transculturally by the use of communication, this report enhances the goal by i n c l u d i n g a l l d i f f e r e n t l a y e r s o f s o c i e t y a n d f a c i l i t a t i o n t h e p e r f e c t l o c a t i o n t o m e e t e a c h o t h e r. The design result contains a full script starting from the use of an application to find new and undiscovered places up and until the place where they meet new people and find great new c o f f e e p l a c e s . To g e t t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n s t a r t e d a s p e c i a l p i e c e o f i n t e r a c t i v e u r b a n f u r n i t u r e was designed by the use of a shape memory alloy and the capacitive sensors integrated within the design I persuade the user to get seated and therefor start the dialogue with fellow users. The bigger social goal of them meeting is to exchange stories and insights in each others life’s so ad the end there is a bigger understanding and empathy to all different parties.
EN J OY
References and appendices ( mindmaps etc ) are added at the end f this report.
Special Thanks 5
Thank you note I would like to thank all people who participated in any form at the project, my colleagues and university staff for support and advice given throughout the whole process.
European lifelong learning programme - Erasmus who provided funding to make this project possible. S p e c i a l t h a n k s g o t o m y C o a c h M a r i n a To e r t e r s w h o h a s b e e n c r u c i a l t o t h e p r o c e s s , i t h a s b e e n a p r i v i l e g e t o b e c h a l l e n g e d a n d g u i d e d b y h e r, a s I u n d e r s t a n d i t m u s t h a v e b e e n q u i e t a c h a l l e n g e .
d e s c r i p ti o n 9 Project
Migration of Rituals| Introduction M i g r a t i o n o f r i t u a l s C r o s s - c u l t u r a l p r o j e c t b e t w e e n O u t o f C o n t r o l a n d W e a r a b l e S e n s e s The lack of solutions for the complexities of the modern world – i.e. environmental issues, cultural clashes a n d t h e b r e a k d o w n o f c u l t u r e s - i n d i c a t e s t h a t We s t e r n s o c i e t y t o u c h e s o n t h e l i m i t s o f p o s i t i v i s m a n d r a t i o n a l thinking. We fell into the trap of procedures without content. We are on the verge of a new era as alternative to cultural standardization and the postmodern hype of styles, subcultures and social status. (Kint, 2010) In this project the focus of attention is on a different process as reflection and action upon culturally embedded aesthetic and ethical values and their relevance on the language of dynamic form and gesture. Looking for an approach based on embodiment and phenomenology as a means that allows us to diverge from rational thinking and positivism. Within the context of this process we look for different ways/venues to enhance mutual respect and appreciation as a basic attitude to cultural dialogue and understanding. This reflection on action in an intercultural context is what will be considered to be a new language.
T h e p r o j e c t i s a n I N T ERNAT I ONAL , CROSS - C U LT U RAL AND CROSS - D I SC I PL I NARY ERAS M U S I P p r o j e c t i n i t i a t e d b y L U CA - S c h o o l o f A r t s C a m p u s S t L u k a s B r u s s e l s , B e l g i u m a n d t h e T U / e i n c o o p e r a t i o n M E T U – M i d d l e e a s t e r n Te c h n o l o g i c a l u n i v e r s i t y A n k a r a , Tu r k e y.
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2 Objectives
Design challenge |
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D e v e l o p i n t e r a c t i v e t o o l s t o l o o k a t c u l t u r a l d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n , r e f l e c t i o n a n d i n t r o s p e c t i o n o n c u l t u r a l i s s u e s
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U n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d m a k i n g t h e Tu r k i s h p e o p l e a w a r e o f t h e w a y w e p e r c e i v e t h e m a n d v i c e v e r s a
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Create a cultural bridge between cultures.
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Understanding of the political and social structures of the cultural islands within cities.
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D e v e l o p i n g a n e w w a y o f i n s t a n t e m p a t h y a n d a w a y t o c o n n e c t o n a s o c i a l l e v e l o n a r a p i d w a y.
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Opening up to a new way of design and understanding the importance of the social cultural value,
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Understanding differences between cross-cultuallity and transculturallity
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Eu r o p e a n y o u n g ta l a n t f o r um | l i f e l o n g l e a r n i n g p r o g r a mm e e r a s mu s
R e s e a r c h Q u e s ti o n s 11
Design challenge I n t e r p r e tati o n Challenged by the above focus points and developing my design skills to and design methodologies to social
in a tackle issues
combination of both “applying” social problems; design thinking to create innovative solutions.
W i t h t h i s i n t e r e s t , e d u c a t i o n , s a f e t y, a n d h e a l t h c a r e h a v e b e c o m e d o m a i n s t o m e a s a d e s i g n e r yet to explore within the given context. Driven by some extra personal competencies to develop and pre-judgments to tackle my main focus upon the personal part of the project will situate within the Brussels region as a geographical work area. This to encounter pre-stated pre-judgments and enhance the possibility to move into a new zone outside the safety of my personal comfort zone. .
Approach Although this project is a conjunction of 3 different process cycles its is possible to describe a g e n e r a l a p p r o a c h . H i g h l y d r i v e n b y t h e s o c i a l c u l t u r a l c h a r a c t e r, f i e l d r e s e a r c h h a s b e e n a m a i n source of inspiration. Using communication as a main tool in order to orientate the project possibilities within the given c o n t e x t . To d e t e r m i n e t h i s , i n t u i t i v e r e s e a r c h m e t h o d s h a v e b e e n k e y t o t h e r e s u l t . B u i l d i n g relations with the target group /users, gaining their trust, opening up to there lifestyles and trying to understand these. The making of the decision for this intuitive approach was based on the goal to be able to think as freely as possible and trying to define the second underlying layer of politics. In the believe this more loose approach helps the empathic character of the projects and therefore t h e b e t t e r, m o r e h u m a n e o u t c o m e w i t h i n t h i s c o n t e x t . To w a r d s m y p e r s o n a l p i t f a l l s t h i s w a s a n e c e s s i t y i n o r d e r t o ; ” u n d e r s t a n d i n g i n s t e a d o f j u d g i n g ” and” truly listening instead of “analysing” ”. This Intuitive research was done mainly about the topics around the social cultural differences in order to understand “transculturally” as completely as possible. Understanding this matter and envisioning its future perspectives formed both a first conclusion and a solid base towards the more rational orientated design process. Analysing what activities or subjects it can contribute to, with the utmost respect to traditions and cultural in heritage. Research fields ; Social cultural, trend forecasting, concepts and idea generation, relate, create empathy to subject/possible user/ t a r g e t g r o u p / i d e a o f t r a n s c u l t u r a l l y . Tr y i n g t o m a p p e o p l e s p r o f i l e s a n d e x p e c t a t i o n p o s s i b l e pitfalls ( social , physical, physical, business ). It concentrates on the exact analyses of the intuitive research and the design proposal conducted from this. Relating this information to scientific papers, facts rational design decisions guided by the appropriate use of technology . To p i c s ; p e r s u a s i v e t e c h n o l o g y , p s y c h o l o g y , s e n s a t i o n a n d p e r c e p t i o n , m a t e r i a l r e s e a r c h , translation of data
RAT I ONAL
I N T U I T I ON PRO J EC T
The actual project is being conducted out of the common divisor area of the two research fields .
Vision | Motivation
Global abstract future vision | Personal view upon the future |
H i n t s a n d g e s t u r e s h a v e a l r e a d y b e e n m a d e t o d a y, i f w e l o o k , w e c a n s e e t h e b a s i s o f t o m o r r o w b e i n g f o r m e d a demand exists, for products to which we can relate and connect, w e w a n t e m o t i o n , i d e n t i t y, t o f e e l , s m e l l , s e e a n d s e n s e t h e c r e a t o r i n s i d e t h e c r e a t i o n . Global has been shifting into a new form of local. Cities treasure cross continental islands Fulfilled with a mixture of global and local cultural in heritages. Since decades we have been focussing upon our own ego’s, Demanding the utmost of ourselves and fellow c i t i z e n s , d r i v e n b y t h e h i g h d e m a n d s o f o u r s o c i e t y. The individual has been posed a challenge On a daily basis he is tasked with making choices, the right choices He has been commanded to perform, to excel H e m u s t s a t i s f y, h e m u s t s u c c e e d , We feel the need to understand to encounter our own uncertainties, by shifting into a new evolving ego ; Into an ego called -We-
W E RE T H I NK SOC I E T Y W E RE T H I NK FAC I L I T I ES W E RE T H I NK S U S TA I NAB I L I T Y W E RE T H I NK Q U AL I T Y W E RE T H I NK F U N W E e n f o r c e I DEN T I T Y Unity makes strength
Change is the only constant, and this holds true also for our values We see this plainly in the constant evolution of established brands and materials Adapting to accommodate an ever-changing environment and p e r s p e c t i v e o u r c h o i c e s w i l l b e d r i v e n s o l e l y b y t h e v a l u e s o f n o w, a s e a r c h f o r t h e b e t t e r, t h e b e s t . E x p l o r i n g a s t h e p i o n e e r s o f o u r s o c i e t y, Our awakening has caused us to begin questioning everything around us, Thus, we must pose to ourselves the riddle; W h a t i s t h e b a s i s , t h e v e r y e s s e n c e , o f c h a i r, o f t a b l e , o f d i n i n g ? T h e o n l y w a y t o r e a c h t h i s g o a l i s a c o l l a b o r a t i o n o f m i n d s , w o r k i n g t o g e t h e r, c o m m u n i c a t i n g , s h a r i n g t h o u g h t s , p e r s p e c t i v e s a n d e x p e r i e n c e s . E m b r a c i n g t r a n s c u l t u r a l l y, by the use of communication ,this collective mental intercourse will raise us to new heights, deliver previously unimaginable success, and an intense, deeply satisfying experiences Society demands a demonstration of his ego, his individual identity The intense nature of our global Society has been pushing individuals to their limits To d a y, w e r e f l e c t i n o r d e r t o a v o i d o r e n d u r e c r i s e s , b o t h i n s t i g a t e d a n d n a t u r a l
Vision | Motivation
Global abstract future vision | Personal view upon the future |
Nature teaches us, her animal tribes bring us wisdom The many embrace the one, learning, hunting, caring and living together They have created a collective ego, with knowledge passed down from the Ancients
Nests and homes are built with an untamed, natural passion H u n t e r s a n d f o r a g e r s p r o v i d e f r o m m o t h e r n a t u r e ’ s b o u n t y, selecting that which will best maintain the strength of the tribe This synergy of identities creates a common goal, attainable only through c o l l e c t i v e u n i t y. A g o a l o f s u c c e s s , o f s t r e n g t h This vision of a balanced, tribal system will be picked up by man, and integrated within his values. We will create our own tribes, not through familial or cultural connections, but by selecting those who can best advance, and attain the goals of the tribe
Looking around us, we notice the emergence of four aspects of a distinct whole, ideas and concepts taking form as society advances, and its wants, needs and desires evolve with it. These aspects are forms, created from the spirit of the moment, that define, and are defined by the emergence of new attitudes and perspectives, shaping society and moving it forward. Forming the unformed, shaping new identities
Design Research 13
Design research | index NO T E ; G i v e n t h e w i d e n e s s o f t h e p r o j e c t ; d i v i d e d w i t h i n 3 i n s p i r a t i o n a l s t a g e s ; This reports provided insides upon the topic crucial to the development of the end stage/ design. Some information has been reduced/concentrated due to the great number of data. When ever interested in gaining more depth after reading in to a specific part of the conclusions feel free to get in touch, ill be very happy to share the data which resulted into the desired conclusion.
Brussels Orientation inspiration result reflection
Ankara Orientation inspiration result Reflection
C o n d u n c ti o n | s o c i a l s i z e Intiutive conclusion Exploration Rational research Shapes Sructures Te x t u r e s
V i s u a l | u n d e r s ta n d i n g t r a n s c u ltu r a l it y
I n tiutiv e R e s e a r c h 1 5
Brussels Visual report can be found within the appendices n-XX
As a Belgian citizen, starting of the project in Brussels–Schaerbeek meant starting of the project with allot of pre-judgments. Schaerbeek can be considered as an island within Brussels, inhabited by mostly foreign people a n d a v e r y c l o s e d p e r s o n a l n e t w o r k a n d i d e n t i t y. I t ’ s a s e l f - d r i v e n c o m m u n i t y t h a t i s r e g u l a t e d b y some own regulations sometimes in conflict by the governmental rules of Belgium. This causes some unbalance within the neighborhood, which attracts the attention of the police and therefor the public. Although I’ve learned throughout the week there are no wrong attentions by applying this “regulations/lifestyle” they’re often being mis-judged for this reason. As I did before starting at this project. Explaining my upcoming experience to family and friends they were a bit scared of me infiltrating within this neighborhood. Interrogating them about why or w h a t f o r n o p e r s o n c o u l d e x a c t l y s t a t e w h y.
→ Appendix N-XX
These opinions where clearly based upon assumption build on the information distributed by various media.
Orientation ; Starting of by bounding and team-up within the group of student who participated at the project we were supposed to bring an object with personal value/story/… Explaining these objects to each other and finding resemblances was a very first assignment b y O s c a r To m i c o t o e x a m i n i n g c o m m u n i c a t i o n a n d h o w t o s t a r t u p o n t h i s o r f a c i l i t a t e q u e s t i o n s which showed interest upon each others objects in the first place but opened up the room for more i n t e r r o g a t i n g q u e s t i o n s a n d f i n d i n g o u t t h e d e e p e r s t o r y. Given and evaluate this first cycle, Danielle Piverelli and I formed a team. Based upon a collective story about family and the type of origin of the object ; a piece of jewelry we made a commitment t o w o r k t o g e t h e r. D r i v e n b y a n o t h e r c o l l e c t i v e i n t e r e s t d e s i g n b y m o v e m e n t w e s t a r t e d o u r f i r s t exploration in researching and questioning the ritual of henna and making iterations upon this. From this went on into the neighborhood and tried to build as many connections as possible, Our given interest within their culture seemed to open allot of doors. A bigger contrast to my personal assumptions wasn’t possible ; everyone was very welcoming , took time to gave answers and was very open to discuss different insights in difference topics. Never or very few times we were told they had no time or interests to participate to our research. We were invited to many tables to have thee or even have lunch. Although it might seem somehow normal we experienced rather extreme forms of this hospitality ; being offered thee in tradition thee houses and lunches in restaurants by their owners.
V i s u a l | 4 ta s t e m o d e l | i n t e r p r e tati o n r e l ati o n Hum a n + f o o d
I n tiutiv e R e s e a r c h 1 5
Brussels Analyzing this I believe we had the luck of both having the advantage of tackling the communication problem since we were able to have conversation in French. Even tough it isn’t our second mother tongue they appreciated very much the effort we made. The gesture of interest upon their culture and the time we took to really understand them and survey them without having a fixed list of questions opened up the conversation and was the correct human approach to go.
At a certain time we tried to have this fixed list of questions since we wanted to document and getter as much information as possible though we found out this wasn’t the right technique; it made people anxious and stopped them chairing information.
As stated our main explorations where within the field of design and movement and urban explorations, so called field research.
Away from the field research, which was mainly human orientated, my personal attention was drawn to the beautiful and by the indigenous citizens of Brussels unknown hidden parks and public places.
Tr i g g e r i n g o u r c r e a t i v e p r o c e s s w e h a v e b e e n b r a i n s t o r m i n g t h r o u g h o u t t h e n e i g h b o r h o o d d u r i n g the whole week. Therefor we had the possibilities to discover these places. One even more beautiful than the previous. During these “contact” moment with these places ive noticed that there were just very few “native” Belgian people who were present as well.
After this workshop week I had a small survey from which I conclude people do not know of there existence and there is no direct reason for them to explore these, Although they are very interested when ever the social atmosphere would accept them going there.
HAYD I
I n tiutiv e R e s e a r c h 1 7
A N K A R A | H AY D I Visual report can be found within the appendices n-XX
i . h t t p s : / / w w w. f a c e b o o k . c o m / p a g e s / H a y d i - C o m e - A l o n g / 5 7 8 6 9 8 7 4 2 1 4 9 3 6 8
i i . h t t p s : / / w w w. f a c e b o o k . c o m / p h o t o . p h p ? v = 1 0 1 5 2 7 1 3 5 3 3 7 3 5 2 9 3
i i i . h t t p : / / c o m e a l o n g p r o j e c t . t u m b l r. c o m /
One of the biggest contrasts when comparing to the project week in Brussels must have been off course the new position I had within the research field. These weeks I made observations and researched from a foreign position. As I had never been to turkey before and just had experienced t h e s h o r t i n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e Tu r k i s h c u l t u r e w i t h i n B e l g i u m i t w a s f a i r l y n i c e t o s e e t h e e x a c t o r i g i n and trying to define transculturallity and originality within this geographical context. During the organization of our trip we experienced some misunderstandings, which ended up for our group as in having no place to sleep the first weekend. This fact revealed it self just 1 day b e f o r e w e l e f t . D e a l i n g w i t h t h i s a g a i n w e e x p e r i e n c e d t h e t r u e b a s i s o f Tu r k i s h c u l t u r e . “ T h e r e is always a place for one more and everyone is quiet welcome.” Arriving at 1.30 AM on such a short notice I didn’t expect anything more than a roof above my head and floor to act like a bed. In contrary; the whole family waited for me to arrive and wanted to make sure I felt comfortable getting to know them and share some thee and cake. They where so hospital it appeared to me as being uncomfortable. Continuously I was asked questions if I lacked something’s or desired for anything else. As I felt already a bit awkward due to the time and the inconvenience of me being present without any further notice then the day before. The whole weekend was fulfilled with this e x p e r i e n c e , t h e r e a r e n o w o r d s t o d e s c r i b e t h i s h o s p i t a l i t y. When moving into the dorms after the weekend and saying goodbye to the family with whom I stayed they offered me a “Life long place to stay”. This last remark must conclude the whole e x p e r i e n c e , w i t h o u t t h e m k n o w i n g m e p r o f o u n d t h e y o f f e r t h i s v e r y u n s e l f i s h / u n c o n d i t i o n a l f a v o r. When discussing this with the fellow Dutch participants to the project, we all experienced the same hospitality and abstracting this into a more broader picture “honesty” would be a correct word to use. This has lead to great inspiration towards my final project ; Social Size. This as well a s t h e p r o j e c t e x p l o r a t i o n c o m p l e t e d d u r i n g t h e w o r k s h o p s e s s i o n s i n c o - c r e a t i o n w i t h t h e Tu r k i s h participants to the project. this project is taken shape by the cultural values of everyday life practices and rituals of the specific type of public transport in Ankara, dolmuş buses. Dolmuş buses are different from other types of public transport in that there is little standardization and a lot more freedom in the practices to make room for personal identity expression.
HAYD I
I n tiutiv e R e s e a r c h 1 7
A N K A R A | H AY D I
The project started with etnographic observations of various dolmuş lines and EGO bus lines. There are several interesting characteristics about dolmuş buses compared to the others. One aspect was the decorations inside the bus made by the drivers. When interviewed, they showed enthusiasm and passion about being able to choose the interior decoration details of their vehicles. Another aspect i s t h e p r a c t i c e o f p a s s i n g t h e m o n e y. T h e p a s s e n g e r s c a n s t o p t h e b u s t o g e t i n a t r a n d o m p o i n t s i n the route, and there isn’t a set place that collects money at the entrance of the bus, so once they s i t t h e y p a s s t h e m o n e y t o t h e p e r s o n i n f r o n t o f t h e m t o p a s s i t t o t h e d r i v e r. A n o t h e r i n t e r e s t i n g aspect is the formation of bus stops. Unlike with other bus types that have bus stop structures o r g a n i z e d b y t h e m u n i c i p a l i t y, d o l m u ş b u s e s a r e f r e e t o s t o p w h e r e v e r t h e r e a r e p a s s e n g e r s t h a t want to get on. This creates what we can call the invisible bus stops. When a number of people, or even a single person starts waitng for the bus, a makeshift bus stop is created. A l l t h e s e e x a m p l e s o f e v e r y d a y c r e a t i v i t y, i f w e w e r e t o q u o t e D e C e r t a u , t a c t i c a l p r a c t i c e s , a r e an interesting part of our lives. Connected by their nature that they are operators in/of both time and space, strategies are existing structures enforced in society by authorities, and tactics are t h e b e h a v i o r s o f i n d i v i d u a l s i n s o c i e t y t h a t a r e c r e a t i v e a n d u n p r e d i c t a b l e i n c h a r a c t e r. W h i l e s t r a t e g i e s , s t r u c t u r e s a n d r u l e s i n e v e r y d a y l i f e g i v e o r g a n i z a t i o n t o b e h a v i o r, a g e n t s o f s o c i e t y always find ways to act in their own specific ways, to find cracks in the structure that they can flow through. This framework of time and space has been useful in the etnographic observation process for this project. When deciding on which tactical practice to focus on, the spatial aspect was categorized into two titles: inside the bus and outside the bus. With interior decorations and the communication habits of the bus, the identity expression was mainly the driver ’s area of practice. When the passengers got on the bus, they only communicated with the driver or other people with the intention of asking simply informative questions about the bus fare, and bus route. Apart from that, it can even be said that they prefer the bus journey to be a meditative state, a period of time they can spend with their own thoughts. Even with long bus journeys that have what was predicted to be a more sociable, extroverted user demographic, this was the case. The aim then evolved to look at the practices o u t s i d e t h e b u s , w h i c h a r e t h e m a i n d o m a i n o f t h e p a s s e n g e r s , i n s t e a d o f t h e d r i v e r s . S p e c i f i c a l l y, forming the bus stops and the action of waiting became the focus of the project. The research step of the project included gathering visuals and information about street art, p a r t i c i p a t o r y a r t , u r b a n a r t , k i n e t i c a r t , u r b a n r e p a i r, g u e r i l l a k n i t t i n g , a n d e x a m p l e s o f b u s stop design concepts. The direction that the design was going to take started to take shape: a c o m b i n a t i o n o f p a r t i c i p a t o r y a r t , s t r e e t a r t a n d u r b a n r e p a i r. T h e a i m w a s t o c a p t u r e t h e b e a u t y o f i n v i s i b l e b u s s t o p s , t h e i m m a t e r i a l m a t e r i a l i t y, w i t h o u t m a k i n g t h e u n s p o k e n a g r e e m e n t s t o t a l l y visible but by enhancing the experience. The argument is that while the bus journey is a good time f o r p e o p l e t o r e f l e c t t o t h e m s e l v e s a n d b e o n t h e i r o w n p e a c e f u l l y, t h e w a i t i n g a n d s t o p - f o r m i n g act is a boring, anxious experience. The reason for that is not knowing when exactly the bus will come, whether it will stop or not, whether the right bus is coming or not. For this reason, people are unable to create moving experiences on their own despite the great potential, and with the expressive nature of the dolmuş interiors, surely passengers will be inspired to parallel this tactical self-identity creation in their waiting locations. This is the driving force behind this project.
HAYD I
I n tiutiv e R e s e a r c h 1 7
A N K A R A | H AY D I The first step of production was writing phrases to complete in the pavement near the bus stop at METU cafeteria, in chalk. The phrases were varied, “When I go home…”, “Before you graduate…”, “Before I die…”. The passengers immediately reacted to the writings by reading them, smiling, and participating. The examples of replies included both legitimate answers, but also drawings and unrelated phrases. The result of this trial was that people are very aware of their surroundings around the bus waiting area, and when urged with examples of expression and provided with materials, they were very much willing to participate.
The second step was to try out a more three dimensional, easier to access and less limited outlet of expression. The quick and dirty mock-up for this idea included yarn woven around the posts at the bus stop with additional weaving t hang objects and leave notes and such. The concept was to provoke people to take something to leave something and there was immediate participation. People left notes, change for the bus, cigarettes, stationery supplies, et cetera. After the feedback session, it has been decided that this would need to be modified so that the ties to the dolmuş i t s e l f a r e b e t t e r r e p r e s e n t e d . To a c h i e v e t h i s g o a l , a c r u d e , s i m p l i f i e d m a p o f b u s r o u t e s w e r e drawn on the board before it was set up, with pictures and information tagged at checkpoints in t h e m a p . To b e a b l e t o k e e p t h e c o m m u n i c a t i o n a n d i d e n t i t y e x p r e s s i o n a l i v e , t a k e s o m e t h i n g l e a v e something area and writing notes area was kept consistent. This version of the map also received lots of participants. The final version of the project is named Come Along/Haydi, in an attempt to provoke the p a s s e n g e r s o f d o l m u ş b u s e s c r e a t e p e r s o n a l i z e d i d e n t i t y e x p r e s s i o n s u s i n g t h e f r a m e .
I ND e x | s o c i a l s i z e
Conduntion | SOCIAL SIZE I n t i u t i v e | FOR M AT I V E + R a t i o n a l | FOR M AT I V E = C o n j u n c t i o n | S U M M AT I V E The result of the design is directly conducted out of both research approaches ( intiutive formative + rational formative ). Due its magnitude all “requirements” where clear and just had to be related/ c o n n e c t e d t o e a c h o t h e r. T h e r e f o r e t h e s u m m a t i v e d e s i g n e x a m p l e i s a s t r a i g h t f o r e w o r d c o n c l u s i o n . As stated within the introduction “Regarding a new and evolving globalism there is a need to Understand the importance of transculturalism and cross culturally differences within the context of a future form of new city nomadism. Embracing transculturally by the use of communication, this report enhances the goal by i n c l u d i n g a l l d i f f e r e n t l a y e r s o f s o c i e t y a n d f a c i l i t a t i o n t h e p e r f e c t l o c a t i o n t o m e e t e a c h o t h e r. The design result contains a full script starting from the use of an application to find new and undiscovered places up and until the place where they meet new people and find great new c o f f e e p l a c e s . To g e t t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n s t a r t e d a s p e c i a l p i e c e o f i n t e r a c t i v e u r b a n f u r n i t u r e was designed by the use of a shape memory alloy and the capacitive sensors integrated within the design I persuade the user to get seated and therefor start the dialogue with fellow users. The bigger social goal of them meeting is to exchange stories and insights in each others life’s so ad the end there is a bigger understanding and empathy to all different parties.”
A p p l i c ati o n
u r b a n f u r n itu r e
N e e d f o r t o ta l e x p e r i e n c e
R ati o n a l R e s e a r c h 2 5
Design for communication
U NDERS TAND I NG
PLACE T O M EE T
PLACE T O M EE T
CO M M U N I CAT E
Turkish people
I n n e r c it y p e o p l e
To p r o v o k e a r e a l d i a l o g u e i t i s a n e s s e c i t y t o f a c i l i t a t e t h e p e r f e c t e n v i r o n n m e n t t o w a r d s t h e s t a r t of a communication. When defining this there is first of all an importance in understanding why both parties dont meet at this very moment. Which pittfalls exist and how / where/ when to solve these.
Analysing this i’ve undertood people needed a neutral place to meet with the comfort and saftey feeling experienced as being at their own homes.
Mapping out these wanted experiences and interaction to happen to complete story line needs to be designed and defined, starting from people leaving their homes up and until where they will meet and how they eventually will persuade other people to do the same.
analysing this story i created an smartphone application which will act as the first trigger towards this persuasion. By the use of there smartphones i use a medium which is very personal and highly loaded with personal value, for this the familiarity gives confidence and comforts the idea of social s e c u r i t y ; s i n c e p e o p l e t r u s t t h e r e p h o n e b y f a r, e v e n b e t t e r t h a n b e s t f r i e n d s , . . . . The second social factor of using a smartphone device is the social recognision, considerd to be very trendy and “hipster� people want to be involved with the lastest trends, stating this a demand is created. Afterwards the design of the piece “ Ubran furniture and his triggers will be discusses.
I n tiutiv e | R ati o n a l R e s e a r c h 3 1
MAPPING | complete experience
MAPPING - APPLICATION Introducing the application as low key as possible very little knowdlege is acuired to operate this application. offering just to choices ; navigating to a new place or a place familiar to you or your friends. The last option offers a social secruity to who may not be the biggest adventurer at first. By this i hope to persuade the ever daubter as well.
futhermore the applications offers various options such as ; sharing, uploading photo’s checking in on social media etc. All this in favor of social status/value. The brand identity is espacially created for an agegroup 20-55. Given this mature age, it will be regarded proffessional as wel as fun. After user testing the application i’ve found out this will be mostly used by the “native”brussels citizen. Secondly the”allochtoon”brussels citizens will be using the furniture allready and there for be as friendly to invite them over to sit. concluding this we can state the “native’Brusselscitizen is the pioneer in using the application, and the “allochtoon” Brussels citizen the pioneer n using the urban furniture.
Theoretical background studies
Across three studies, this research demonstrates that the shape of seating arrangements can prime two fundamental human needs which in turn influence persuasion. When seate d in a circular shaped layout, individuals evaluate persuasive material more favorably when it contains family-oriented cues or majority endorsement information. In contrast, when seated in an angular shaped seating arrangement, individuals evaluate persuasive material more favorably when it contains self-oriented cues or minority endorsement. Thus, this research shows that a subtle environmental cue – the shape of a seating arrangement – can activate fundamental human needs and consequently affect persuasion. | Zhu. R The notion that the environment can be influential has long been acknowledged by practitioners and researchers in a variety of domains including landscaping, architecture, interior ASB 2013‐188 design, psychology and marketing (e.g., Donovan and Rossiter 1982; Kotler 1973). For example, research has shown that changing the design of hospitals through décor and furniture arrangements can increase the frequency of social interactions, decrease a n x i e t y, e n h a n c e r e c o v e r y, a n d s h o r t e n h o s p i t a l s t a y s ( B a k o s e t a l . 1 9 8 0 ; C a r v e r 1 9 9 0 ; H i a t t 1 9 8 1 ; H o l a h a n a n d S a e g e r t 1 9 7 3 ; L e m p r e c h t 1 9 9 6 ) . | ZH U R Second, seating decisions (i.e.,where one sits within a seating arrangement) can signal social information and influence the outcome of an interpersonal situation (Sommer 1961, 1967, 1969; Steinzor 1950) as a specific position can create an illusion of power or equality in relationship-building efforts through “seating” language (Bjorseth 2007) | Zhu R
R ati o n a l d e s i g n c o n c l u s i o n s 3 9
Persuasion | Seating
Theoretical background studies
Empirical findings in the aesthetics literature suggest that various shapes create different responses among individuals (Arnheim 1974; Lundholm 1921; Zhang, Feick, and Price 2006). For instance, circular shapes have been shown to be related to harmony and friendliness and are perceived as a compromise between a stimulus and its surrounding | ZH U R F u r t h e r, r e s e a r c h h a s f o u n d t h a t m o r e c o l l e c t i v i s t c u l t u r e s h a v e a p r e f e r e n c e f o r r o u n d e d shapes whereas individualistic cultures tend to prefer more angular shapes (Zhang et al. 2006). Given this, it is possible that circular shapes are more closely related to groups a n d b e l o n g i n g | ZH U R
In contrast, a circular shaped arrangement might draw people’s attention to the roundness of the shape, thus priming them to think about harmony and smooth relationships among people, which consequently activates a need to belong. Of course, future research i s n e e d e d t o t e s t t h e s e c o n j e c t u r e s | ZH U R
Adjusting the seating design with the new gained knowledge from the persuasive technologie module , i have been using the design methodologies and plex cards to Design as well as to define the structure and the explicit persuasive intend. stating as following ; P e r s u a v i n g p e o p l e t o g o t o l o c a l u n e x p l o r e d a r e a s b y a d e s i g n i n g a n e w b e h a v i o u r. Modification along design process | adding| ; Persuaving People to change a extisting attitude.
R ati o n a l d e s i g n c o n c l u s i o n s 3 9
Persuasion | Seating
29 R ati o n a l R e a s e a r c h
exploration | shaping Ta k i n g t h e p r e v i o u s a n d p r o f o u n d r e s e a r c h i n t o n o t i c e , m o s t o f t h e d e s i g n d e c i s i o n s a r e a l r e a d y made
G i v i n g t h e d e s i g n a n e x t r a l a y e r o f i d e n t i t y i ’ v e b e e n i n s p i r e d b y t h e c a t e r p i l l a r, Using the colour pattern and later in the process analysing the moment of the animal formed a base a n d a n i n t r o d u c t i o n t o w a r d s b i o m i m i c r y.
Understanding the Theory and implifying these within the design helpt to make a rational desicions and offered a great challange at the same time, Respecting the Form follows funtion and therefor material and constructions follows from forced me into the creaton of a new and unexplored area of mathematical shaping. Respecting the movement and interactive aspect.
A X O M E T R I E | c l o s e d p o s iti o n
A X O M E T R I E | CAPAC I T I V E s e n s o r a c tivat e d
A X O M E T R I E | o n e p e r s o n s e at e d s e c o n d m o d u l e a c tivat e d
A X O M E T R I E | 3 m o d u l e s a c tivat e d
A X O M E T R I E | 7 m o d u l e s a c tivat e d
A X O M E T R I E | c o m p l e t ly o p e n
Interactive module
1
DIS DRUK
2
HOOG
M
HOOG
M
HOOG
M
HOOG
M
LAAG
M
DIS DRUK
3
DIS DRUK
DIS
4 DRUK
N
DIS DRUK
N compartiments
Design conclusions 39
Tehnology | mechanism
= ARD U I NO
Di s = Di s ta n c e s e n s o r ( u lt r a s o n a r s e n s o r ) M = Mechanism
Electronics ;
1 > 2 HOOG 2 > 3 Hoog 3> 4 Hoog
W H e n e v e r t h e va l u e i s l o w = t h e s y s t e m g o e s i n t o t h e o f f m o d e W h e n e v e r t h e va l u e i s Hi g h = T h e s y s t e m a c tivat e s
Design conclusion 45
Shape memory alloy i n t r o d u c ti o n The two main types of shape-memory alloys are copper-aluminium-nickel, and nickel-titanium ( N i T i ) a l l o y s b u t S M A s c a n a l s o b e c r e a t e d b y a l l o y i n g z i n c , c o p p e r, g o l d a n d i r o n . N i T i a l l o y s are generally more expensive and change from austenite to martensite upon cooling; Mf is t h e t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h i c h t h e t r a n s i t i o n t o m a r t e n s i t e c o m p l e t e s u p o n c o o l i n g . A c c o r d i n g l y, during heating As and Af are the temperatures at which the transformation from martensite to austenite starts and finishes. Repeated use of the shape-memory effect may lead to a shift of the characteristic transformation temperatures (this effect is known as functional fatigue, as it is closely related with a change of microstructural and functional properties of the material).[1] The transition from the martensite phase to the austenite phase is only dependent on temperature and stress, not time, as most phase changes are, as there is no diffusion i n v o l v e d . S i m i l a r l y, t h e a u s t e n i t e s t r u c t u r e r e c e i v e s i t s n a m e f r o m s t e e l a l l o y s o f a s i m i l a r structure. It is the reversible diffusionless transition between these two phases that results in special properties. While martensite can be formed from austenite by rapidly cooling carbonsteel, this process is not reversible, so steel does not have shape-memory properties.
In this figure, ξ(T) represents the martensite fraction. The difference between the heating transition and the cooling transition gives rise to hysteresis where some of the mechanical energy is lost in the process. The shape of the curve depends on the material p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e s h a p e - m e m o r y a l l o y, s u c h a s t h e a l l o y i n g . [ 2 ] a n d w o r k h a r d e n i n g . [ 3 ] .
o n e - way / tw o - way One-way memory effect | When a shape-memory alloy is in its cold state (below As), the metal can be bent or stretched and will hold those shapes until heated above the transition temperature. Upon heating, the shape changes to its original. When the metal cools again it will remain in the hot shape, until deformed again. With the one-way effect, cooling from high temperatures does not cause a macroscopic shape change. A deformation is necessary to create the low-temperature shape. On heating, transformation starts at A s a n d i s c o m p l e t e d a t A f ( t y p i c a l l y 2 t o 2 0 ° C o r h o t t e r, d e p e n d i n g o n t h e a l l o y o r t h e l o a d i n g c o n d i t i o n s ) . As is determined by the alloy type and composition and can vary between −150 °C and 200 °C. Tw o - w a y m e m o r y e f f e c t | T h e t w o - w a y s h a p e - m e m o r y e f f e c t i s t h e e f f e c t t h a t t h e m a t e r i a l r e m e m b e r s two different shapes: one at low temperatures, and one at the high-temperature shape. A material that shows a shape-memory effect during both heating and cooling is called two-way shape m e m o r y. T h i s c a n a l s o b e o b t a i n e d w i t h o u t t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f a n e x t e r n a l f o r c e ( i n t r i n s i c t w o - w a y e f f e c t ) . T h e r e a s o n t h e m a t e r i a l b e h a v e s s o d i f f e r e n t l y i n t h e s e s i t u a t i o n s l i e s i n t r a i n i n g . Tr a i n i n g i m p l i e s t h a t a s h a p e m e m o r y c a n “ l e a r n ” t o b e h a v e i n a c e r t a i n w a y. U n d e r n o r m a l c i r c u m s t a n c e s , a shape-memory alloy “remembers” its low-temperature shape, but upon heating to recover the h i g h - t e m p e r a t u r e s h a p e , i m m e d i a t e l y “ f o r g e t s ” t h e l o w - t e m p e r a t u r e s h a p e . H o w e v e r, i t c a n b e “trained” to “remember” to leave some reminders of the deformed low-temperature condition in the high-temperature phases. There are several ways of doing this.[4] A shaped, trained object heated beyond a certain point will lose the two-way memory effect, this is known as “amnesia”. .
Research 23 R ati o n a l
Persuasion by movement Intiutieve research allong the speed and duration of movement. Guided by the international sign language, ive been exploring the exact meaning of “ come here� by people who dont speak sign language in order to try to define different levels of strictness within movement and speed.
This given iteration as an intresting point within a later stage of the process, although since the irrelevance by the lacking of an actual prototype i did not persue to investigate this.
Research 23 R ati o n a l
Fabric Design Given the construction of the design, the viability of the project depends to some extend on the correct materialization. Although this research must be regarded rather as a design intention; a exploration and s u g g e s t i o n s , t h e s t a t e m e n t s w h i c h w h e r e m a d e a r e c l e a r, d e f i n e d a n d s t r o n g w i l l e d . T h e e n v i s i o n e d direction has been made clear and needs to be followed up when developing the project into a next stage. F o c u s i n g o n a m i x t u r e o f b o t h h a r d n e s s a n d f l e x i b i l i t y s o m e f i r s t i t e r a t i o n w i t h ABS p r i n t i n g a s w e l l as weaving were made. → Appendices N-XX Although these promising result of these first exploration the urban furniture was is need of some more familiar material in order to persuade people towards the wanted communication. w e p r e d i c t a n d f i n d t h a t w h e n s e a t i n g a r r a n g e m e n t s a r e c i r c u l a r, c o n s u m e r s e v a l u a t e p e r s u a s i v e material more favorably when it is consistent with a belongingness need (i.e., it includes familyoriented information or a majorityendorsement). | Zhu.R – O n t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n a n d i n s p i r e d b y GEO t e x t i l e s i s t a r t e d a n e x p l o r a t i o n t o f i n d a n d d e f i n e a healthy balance in the above information and the perfecting meeting point of constructivism and mechanism. Initially I have been researching on the development of a composite material constructed out of keflar | aramide | polypropylene. When reflecting I’ve concluded the desired strength could be obtained by the use of other materials as well and so there was no need to use these rare and expensive materials. Tu r n i n g t h i s t r i a l a n d e r r o r i n t o t h e s a m e d i r e c t i o n w i t h o t h e r b a s i c m a t e r i a l s a f i r s t d e s i r e d r e s u l t was realized by the layering up of Polyethylene fixed\melted into each other by the use of Heat. R e g a r d i n g t h e s u c c e s s f u l o u t c o m e o f t h e p r o d u c t I d i d n ’ t t e s t r u n i t . Ta k i n g t h e E n v i r o n m e n t into notice and reflecting upon the high number of forced art implementation it doesn’t comfort people with the idea of home, this would make the ideal environment to start a conversation wasn’t created. A second pitfall would lie into the “vulnerable’ identity of the inhabitants. The reuse character could contain the possibility as being received into a rather hars “ trash to trash” m e n t a l i t y. Avoiding this situation and envisioning a more furniture like tactility/sensation a last iteration lead to the final result. By the use of a composition which layer up Silicone coating Outdoor textile Rubber cements Polyethylene Rubber cements Outdoor textile Silicone coating The different directions in which the fabric was designed offers the strength needed in order to be able to build the construction and offers enough flexibility and elegance needed for a flawless m o v i n g c o m p a r t m e n t . P l e a s e f i n d e n c l o s e d s a m p l e s → a p p e n d i c e s N - X X
R e f l e c ti o n 4 9
Reflection PERSONAL Reflecting upon this project and zooming out in order to see the bigger picture, I would like to use the same method I used for the design of this concept. Starting with the intuitive approach. When I chose to participate in this project one of my main motivations is the direct conflict to previous design experiences. Never before was I enrolled within a project which actually demanded a continues design dialogue. The depth and high sensitive layer upon the topic of the project was one of the main challenges which I wanted to encounter and face. Confronting myself with my assumptions and pre-judgments demanded a radical new position of me as designer as well as a person. Ta k i n g t h e d i f f e r e n t p r e s s u r e c o o k e r s i n n o t i c e I h a v e b e e n f o r c e d t o r e a d a p t c o n t i n u o u s l y t o e v e r y new situation When reflecting on other goals for which I participated at this project, I can tell that most of them where more than fulfilled. As the process advanced trough all the different stages, even some unexpected ones showed up. It Learned me to have an open vision towards the ‘design plan/cycle’ at all times. One of the best examples is the ‘workshop week in Ankara’ made after the first intuitive design r e s e a r c h . S i n c e I d e c i d e d t o r e s e a r c h t h e t o p i c f o r m a d i f f e r e n t p o i n t o f v i e w, a l l o t o f n e w i n s i g h t where gained. Daring to make this move after the second theme day was a wise decision, even when it took some courage to do this at that advanced point in the process. When referring to Social size as my complete individual project It learned me to research on an academic and scientific level, to gain insights in new industrial processes, combine them and build l i n k s / r e l a t i o n s i n o r d e r t o r e l a t e / c o n n e c t t h e m t o e a c h o t h e r. A l t h o u g h i t l e a d t o t h e f a c t t h a t I didn’t end up with a working prototype, I’m very glad about the decision to research the various possibilities of technology instead of just making 1 happened. The decision I made to turned the project form designs based on assumptions into a tangible and plausible scientifically based research. The actual depth is still a little bit doubtful though, since the broad introduction ill be able in the future to react quickly and work along the required situation ill now where how to find the demanded information. One of the more difficult things was to keep a perfect helicopter view over all knowledge gained out of all the individual research fields and communicate these to my fellow colleagues or outsiders A t t h e i n i t i a l s t a g e . W h e n u s e r t e s t i n g i t s e e m e d t h e p r o j e c t w a s q u i e t c l e a r a n d a c c e p t e d r a p i d l y. To d a y a t t h e “ e n d ” s t a g e o n c e a g a i n , p r o v i d i n g f u l l i n s i g h t s t o w a r d s t h e p r o j e c t s e e m s r a t h e r complex. The big challenge was to not lose myself within this not yet coherent bulk of information and the overdose of enthusiasm, explaining and visualising all links and bridges between d i s c i p l i n e s c r e a t e d t r o u g h t h e p r o c e s s To m a k e t h i s e a s i e r i n t h e f u t u r e i l l h a v e t o t e a c h m y s e l f to set up a fixed form for the documentation right away from the beginning. This will make the c o m m u n i c a t i o n d u r i n g c o a c h m e e t i n g s o r d e b a t e s w i t h o t h e r p e o p l e e a s i e r. Luckily for now my enthusiasm balanced this problem and so the project really benefited the debates that I held with fellow students, people out in the field, experts.
R e f l e c ti o n 4 9
Reflection Project At last a rational conclusion about the project. Diving into the unknown matter has shown me the interesting new possibilities of the design field w i t h i n s o c i a l c u l t u r a l r e l e v a n c e , e d u c a t i o n , s a f e t y, a n d h e a l t h c a r e a n d m a n y m o r e . F o r t h i s r e a s o n I was unable to make any assumptions upon the final outcome of the project. Being guided by the social conclusion and the constant drive to communicate with the citizens has enrich the project t r e m e n d o u s l y. Although most of the initial research was driven on intuition and there is no real abstract scientific level within those explorations the end result and conclusion was backboned by the needed scientific research results. Therefore the final concept shows confidence and is plausible to be as s u c c e s s f u l a s t h e f i r s t u s e r t e s t s h a v e s h o w n w i t h i n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n r e s e a r c h . Ta k i n g n o t i c e o f t h e fact that the final user research was narrowed down due to time management reasons, this is a point to keep in mind within future projects and reflect upon. F o r n o w, a s s t a t e d i t i s n ’ t a r e a l p i t f a l l s i n c e I m a n a g e d t o b a c k b o n e , b u i l d t h e r e l a t i o n s , w i t h o t h e r scientific papers relevant to the topic, from which direct success can be conducted.
Relatively the rational research of the project was in need of this constant backbone, to make clear design decisions and relevant choices. Although I was able to find and relate these quiet easily within this context and stage of the project, I believe some more research depth is needed towards a s u c c e s s f u l m a s t e r p r o g r a m . T h e r e f o r I w i l l p a r t i c i p a t e w i t h i n t h e m o d u l e ; DBB 0 3 � q u a l i t a t i v e research methods� About the actual viability of the project, At this stage of the process there is the need to conclude it is an ideal project on paper regarding the Urban furniture (viability rates of application are very plausible) . Ta k i n g i n t o n o t i c e a b o u t a c t u a l c o s t s a n d v i a b i l i t y o f t h e u r b a n f u r n i t u r e t h e r e i s t h e n e e d a n d appropriate modesty to admit some more development is needed to actually realize the piece. When overthinking this question raises if the Social application can survive without the Urban Furniture a n d v i s a v e r s a ? To s o m e e x t e n d I b e l i e v e i t d o e s , a g a i n b e i n g c r i t i c a l t h e q u e s t i o n m u s t m e a s k e d i f the design is persuasive enough to stand alone? Possible, Although a trustful result would need to be examined. For now some design researches where just to little and needed to be explored more; Cfr for example ; Fabric engineering; these must be considered as a exploration and suggestions, although the statements which where made are clear and defined.
R e f l e c ti o n 4 9
Reflection I believe this last sentence could round up a general conclusion; the project shows great future perspective and could be great success, although a critical examination of given factors is needed and possible some moderations and little re-designs (for now some design researches where just hints of the actual design questions). For this some more time would need to be invested as well as running both the application and t h e u r b a n f u r n i t u r e t r o u g h a b u s i n e s s m o d e l . ( To b e e n c o u n t e r e d a n d d e v e l o p e d d u r i n g M 1 . 2 b y DB 5 0 5 p r o d u c t s p l a n n i n g a n d r o a d m a p p i n g ) T h i s w i l l e v e n t u a l l y e n d u p i n b e i n g a n d d e f i n i n g t h e difference between a theoretical plausible and a real life plausible result.
Appendix appendices
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