ANSHUL CHAWDA || Masters Thesis Urban Design

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THE

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The eXtra Livable City of Indore

ANSHUL CHAWDA MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE


Copyright 2019 Manchester, England United Kingdom All rights reserved. Manchester School of Architecture University of Manchester Manchester Metropolitan University Copyright reserved by Anshul Chawda MA Architecture + Urbanism MMU ID: 17105101 UoM ID: 10440162 4

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Acknowledgement

Throughout the course of MA Architecture and Urbanism at Manchester School of Architecture, I have been helped, guided and encouraged by a lot of people. I am indebted and owe appreciation to everyone. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my tutor Eamonn Canniffe for his continuous support and guidance throughout the course. It would have been impossible to complete this book without his words of encouragement and visionary ideas. I would like to give thanks to James Dyson, Antonio Blanco Pastor, Curtis Martyn, Mazin Al Saffar, Yun Wu, Julie Fitzpatrick and Dominic Sagar for his great insights on the project and patience during the discussions. Their guidance has helped me a lot in completion of this book. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents for their continuous support and constant faith in me. I am also grateful to my friends for their support, help and encouragement throughout this course.

Anshul Chawda

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Contents

Acknowledgement

Contents

Abstract

1.

Introduction

4. Proposal

Introduction

Design Strategy

Thesis Aim

Master Plan

Master Plan Phase 1

Serial Vision

History

2.

Urban Issues

Aerial Views

Urban Issues

Road Sections

Territorial Analysis

Additional Views

SWOT Analysis

Conclusion

Development Strategy

3.

Urban Site Analysis

Urban Analysis

Conclusion Bibliography

Conclusion

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Abstract

“A sense of place is built up, in the end, from many little things too, some so small people take them for granted, and yet the lack of them takes the flavour out of the city� – Jane Jacobs

The modern urban programs of urban areas need a combination of the charm and intensity of walkable streets and mixed-use programmatic diversity. The urban development of Indian cities had a cultural centre with different markets, cultural and community spaces. In the second half of the 20th century, the cities started to decentralise and the streetscape, charm of the cultural centre and lively neighbourhoods were lost to this unplanned spatial growth of urban regions. Indore, one of the fasted developing metropolitan regions in central India, has grown into an important business and educational hub. But the city lacks social and open spaces, adequate housing, and has weak urban network and connectivity. Indore needs a solution as a new centre which can help the city to synchronize and accommodate the contemporary programs, urban functions and density, while simultaneously connect the urban networks and enhance the economy and social interaction.

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Abstract

The aim of this thesis project is to understand the urban growth pattern of Indore and formulate a strategy to counter the urban issues generated by urbanisation. Consecutively, also to devise a solution that can help in the future development of the Indore city based on modern urban functions and need of the community. The intention of the project is to study the city of Indore and create neighbourhoods that can bring together the community participation and economic growth with a common interest for clean and sustainable metropolis of Indore. The final design solution can be a case example for the proposal of mixed-use development for satellite or sub-centres within the urban region of Indore which can be replicated around the city following the requirement of that region. The idea is to bring back the walkable streets, public-oriented streets, offices and community spaces and to bring back the feel of liveliness in the Indian cityscape of Indore. The design solution is a combination of public and private programs sandwiched together with green open spaces to create a place where people can comfortably live and work. This will create more opportunities for jobs and businesses as well as provide the city with a cultural infrastructure adding animated neighbourhoods in the urban region of Indore.

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“We need to make space for humans… to develop relationships with their spaces that result in responsibility, care, and custodianship – not just great Instagram posts” – Frith Walker

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Introduction

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Introduction

Introduction

The cities around the world are constantly going through the process of urbanisation. As the cities are evolving and expanding from small towns of a few thousand people to metropolises with the number of populations in millions, they are also experiencing some side effects of this rapid urban growth. People are attracted towards the urban regions in search of better job opportunities, enhanced living conditions, better urban services and the exciting city lifestyle. With all these people migrating from small towns and villages, the urban population has increased drastically and the cities have become overpopulated. This has saturated the urban centres of the cities and caused them to expand and grow towards outside. And the urban centres of the cities are unable to accommodate the needs of contemporary programs and urban density. Hence there is a need to think for a coherent solution for this problem that is now faced by most of developing cities around the world. Indore, a fast-growing city of central India, has become an important location for commerce and learning. While Indore will undoubtedly continue in its role as one of India’s upcoming centres for business and education, the city is facing an unprecedented change as its urban population is projected to grow to 6 million by 2041. As Indore is undergoing rapid urbanisation and the city is also facing urban issues like overcrowding, traffic congestion, decreasing green and open spaces.

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Introduction

Location of Indore on World map

The research on Indore revealed that the city was enlarged by agglomeration of nearby towns and villages. In addition to people of Indore, the daily commuters of the city also include people from satellite towns and villages. This has increased the pressure on the transport of Indore leading to traffic congestion that has become a casual sight of everyday life in different parts of the city. The later part of this book discusses the history of the city, an analysis on the current situation and urban issues faced by Indore followed by a possibility of design idea that can help in the future development of the city.

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Introduction

Thesis Aim

The speed of urbanisation has outmatched the rate of development of Indore. The research of the city revealed that the commercial centres and streets of Indore are getting overpopulated. This has resulted with city being faced with various other urban issues such as; - Overcrowding of areas, - Congestion of urban networks of the city, - Decreasing green and open spaces, - Increased dependency on private vehicles and - Lack of public oriented infrastructure. The aim of this thesis is to propose a design solution based on people oriented development, enhancing walkability in city, inspiring use of public transports and creating more green and open spaces for the people of Indore city. In the end, by creating a livable city with vibrant spaces that focuses on public life and health, social and cultural aspects with an holistic approach of community and sustainable development for future of Indore.

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Introduction

Illustration of Public life in a livable city (Source: Gehl Architects)

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Introduction

History

The City of Indore originated as a trading hub along the banks of two rivers, the Khan and the Saraswati and has develop into an important commercial capital of central India. The city of Indore is located on a plateau in central part of India giving it strategical and geographical advantages making it an ideal city for trade and commerce. Indore is also the biggest city close to two important temples namely, Mahakaleshwar temple in Ujjain and Omkareshwar Mahadev temple in Omkareshwar Village, conveniently providing the pilgrims with an easy connectivity to rest of the country and a resting place for them. Indore was predominantly ruled by Holkar dynasty. The Holkars has a good taste of architecture and planning which reflects in the growth of the city. The early development of city started around the Rajwada Palace and the famous Rajwada market with 9 market streets serving different needs of the people of Indore. Indore developed organically around these markets attracting people from surrounding villages and towns. The city started to grow rapidly after introduction of cotton mills after industrialisation under British rule. Indore was introduced to its town planner Sir Patrick Geddes by the Holkar dynasty rulers 1918. Sir Patrick Geddes prepared first development plan for the city of Indore in 1918 providing the city with services like drainage, water supply system, industrial and housing development and future projections of suburban development and probable expansion of city.

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Introduction

Indore developed into a modern dynamic commercial capital of central India from a traditional commercial urban centre after independence from British rule. The development of Indore created opportunities for growth of business and employment, socio-economic development and cultural expansion of the city. Migration of people from surrounding villages and towns generated the need of urban evolution of the city making Indore a strong economic and strategic centre for the future growth.

Streets of Rajwada Market of Indore. (Source: Reckon Talk) (below) | Rajwada Palace of Indore, 1857. (Source: Reckon Talk)

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Introduction

(right) | Proposed Development Plan of Indore, 1918 (Source: Sir Patrick Geddes) Proposed plan of Indore developed by Sir Patrick Geddes in 1918 with improvements of services in the city along with prospective extension possibilities.

Gandhi Hall, Indore (Source: Reckon Talk) Chhatris of Indore, 1857. (Source: Reckon Talk)

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Local Context

The plan shows the Municipal region of Indore and the Metropolitan region of Indore city. The municipal region of the city is densely populated accommodating major part of population of Indore i.e. 90% of total number.

Municipal Boundary Metropolitan Boundary 20

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Local Context

Local Context

(left) | Current Plan of Indore, 2019. (Source: Anshul Chawda)

The metropolis rank of Indore is 14th in India with an area of 530 sq. km. and a population close to 2.3 million. The extent of the current city of Indore is an agglomeration of nearby towns and villages which has dissolved into the city over a long period of time. As the centre started to flourish, the urban structure of the city grew organically in a radial pattern. The organic development and unrestricted growth of Indore city generated the social, economic and cultural needs of ever-growing and ever-changing communities. The social, ecological and political factors attracted people from neighbouring villages and towns, however, they are also getting pushed back towards the suburbs because of challenges faced to live in an urban area forming a dynamic relationship between the city centre and the satellite towns. Indore is growing continuously every year by adding more villages at its boundaries (19 more villages were added last year, increasing the number of added villages to more than 120) and expanding the metropolitan area of the city. This addition of new settlements in the city regions has caused the population to grow exponentially and increasing the urban pressure on the infrastructure of Indore to address the needs of people with the limited resources available. Indore Development Authority (IDA), the government body responsible for the development of Indore, generates a development master plan of Indore for every 10 years. However, with a yearly increase in population, the execution of these plans get difficult. Because of overpopulation, the city is unable to satisfy the urban needs of people and experiencing urban problems like unorganised spatial function distribution, overcrowding, traffic congestion, lack of housing and ignorance of limited natural resources. These issues are further discussed in detail in the next chapter.

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Local Context

Morphological Plan of Indore

INDORE IN YEAR -

1800

Less than 100,000 POPULATION

1900

1940

1,00,000

2,00,000

Morphological plan and Population of Indore from 1800-1940. (Source: Anshul Chawda)

Indore started to grow rapidly from the 1950s after getting independence from British rule. Indore has served as capital while Holkar dynasty ruled, the economical and technological advancement was faster than any other city in the central state. The rate of population growth reflects the same as the city had an unprecedented increase in population between 1980 to 2010.

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Local Context

1980

8,29,327

2000

17,30,363

2010

22,08,724

Morphological plan and Population of Indore from 1980 - 2010. (Source: Anshul Chawda)

It can be inferred from plans of the year 2000 and 2010 that the growth of urban infrastructure of Indore was less, but the density of city increased drastically, simultaneously increasing the urban pressure on the city.

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“A sense of place is built up, in the end, from many little things too, some so small people take them for granted, and yet the lack of them takes the flavour out of the city” – Jane Jacobs

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Urban Issues

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Urban Issues

Urban Issues

Going through the process of rapid urbanisation, Indore is also facing the same urban problems commonly faced by most metropolitan cities. The structure of Indore is similar to Greater London with the city centre serving many towns and villages agglomerated within the metropolitan regions. Hence, creating challenges of overcrowding, traffic congestion for people of the city and induces weak public life pattern, fragile urban culture and complicates the distribution of spatial urban programs for the city. Issues faced by Indore are predominantly caused by the development focused on prioritizing the traffic flow for private vehicles and a sudden increase in population in the city. The two rivers banks were forgotten over the period of time as the city started to spread in the opposite direction. 52% of the total population of the city is formed by migrants who were attracted to the city for better urban services and job opportunities. With the city expanding constantly, Indore needs solutions which can help in solving these urban problems while keeping a check on the sustainable growth of the city.

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Urban Issues

DISCONNECTED WATERFRONT

WEAK PUBLIC LIFE PATTERN

MINIMAL OPEN SPACES IDENTITY

UNBALANCED TRAFFIC SYSTEM

FRAGILE URBAN CULTURE

OVERCROWDING

Illustration of Urban Issues (Source of all illustrations: Gehl Architects)

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Urban Issues

WEAK PUBLIC LIFE PATTERN Even though Indore is an economic capital and one of the most developed cities in Central India, the city is having a hard time synchronizing the active lifestyle with the development of the city. The city has potential spaces which can be designed based on public-oriented development and encouraging community participation in the design process.

56 Dukan (Source: Indore Talk)

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Rajwada Palace (Source: Shutter Stock)

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Urban Issues

DISCONNECTED WATERFRONT The river eventually turned into a sewage dump canal due to unrestrained growth of the city. This caused Indore to loose an important natural resource as well as a physical attribute and recreational space. Indore is undergoing the process of becoming a smart city, and the river is cleaned in the process. Now the river ghats/ banks can be used at its full potential by merging it with the current urban fabric of the city.

Khan River (Source: IndoreHD)

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Khan River Ghat (Source: Patrika Newspaper)

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Urban Issues

UNBALANCED TRAFFIC SYSTEM With the city constantly expanding its boundaries and increasing the use of private vehicles, congestion of traffic has become a common occurrence in Indore which eventually results in increased commute time. Although a metro link is proposed in Indore that will connect the city with neighbouring towns and villages, there is a strong need for creating inner-city connections.

Geeta Bhawan (Source: Indore Talk)

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Traffic jam in Indore. (Source: Hindustan Times)

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Urban Issues

OVERCROWDING Indore, traditionally a commercial urban centre has transformed into a dynamic commercial capital and an education hub in recent years. Indore attracts both job seekers and students equally as well as families who yearn for a better and happening urban lifestyle. The planning of spatial program is important for proper distribution of population and urban functions and control the density of different zones in the city.

T.I. Mall (Source: Trip Advisor)

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Sarafa Bazaar (Source: IndoreHD)

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Territorial Analysis

Territorial Analysis

Indore is a growing metropolitan that is facing many urban problems that need to be addressed sooner than later. Analysis of urban issues discussed in the previous section revealed that the main factors of these issues are population, connectivity of urban networks and distribution of spatial functions within Indore. Following data of the city are the statistics, drawings and illustrations generated from research conducted on Indore city focusing on these factors.

(below) Urban Expansion of Indore city from 1994 - 2014 (Data Source: Bhuvan, ISRO )

Indore, as it started to develop around rivers Khan and Saraswati grew organically till the 1990s. However, it can be noticed in the illustration below that Indore had a focused growth towards the North-East side of the city. This development was backed by the commercial expansion of the city which caused the spatial shift in functions of the city.

1991 1999 2009 2014

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Territorial Analysis

It is evident from the map that the residential, industrial and educational areas in the city are the most prominent zones in the city. However, most of these industries are not in use and have been already abandoned long ago.

Existing Land use map of Indore (Data Source: IDA)

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Territorial Analysis

The irregular distribution of land use areas has been one of the major factors of creating urban issues that Indore faces today. But as indicated in the graph, Indore has around 23% of its total area as brownfield land which can be used as a start to solving the urban problems.

Land Use Area distribution in Indore (Data Source: IDA )

Population x1000

Spatial Distribution of Functions near current commercial centre.

Population x1000

The distribution at the old and current centres indicates that the already high population density centres also try to accommodate the daily commuting workers. This not only increases the pressure on traffic but also on the urban infrastructure at the centre.

Spatial Distribution of Functions in Old Town Centre, Rajwada.

Studying different spatial functions of city can help in identifying which function of the city needs to be upgraded and focused on creating a development plan for the area in future while redistributing the functions in the city.

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Territorial Analysis

The Old town centre and current commercial centres are well connected to each other and neighbourhood towns. But, with the growing population and increase in the number of private vehicles, the city is unable to cope up with the urban needs with just 3% of city area dedicated to commercial development.

Old Town Centre Industrial Area Commercial Centres

Existing Spatial Map showing current centres of the city and their connectivity.

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Territorial Analysis

Public and Semi public green areas in Indore (Data Source: IDA )

The water bodies present in city region amounts to only 5% of total city area while 9% of the area covered by green public and semi-public spaces. The green space in the city is considered as the lungs of the city, hence for a healthy and sustainable future Indore, greener open spaces should be introduced in the city.

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The drawing shows the major roads of Indore that connect the inner city and neighbouring towns and cities to the city centre. The road network follows a radial pattern indicating an increased concentration of traffic in the centre of the city. The plan also has the proposed metro link which is connecting the far ends of the city to the centre.

Map of Transportation Network of Indore (Data Source: IDA )

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Territorial Analysis

S.W.O.T. Analysis of Indore Strength

Weakness

• Indore is the commercial and trading capital and the largest economy of Central India with GDP standing at $14 billion. • Cleanest city of India for the last 3 years consecutively. • Indore is also an education hub and the only city with 2 most prestigious Indian institutes namely, IIT and IIM. • A willing population who wants to participate in the betterment of the city and accept the challenges required to bring about the change.

• The dependence of the population on private vehicles causing congestion in the city to increase by 60%. • Unorganised and deficient urban spatial planning with poor distribution of programs in the city. • A drastic increase in the informal sector and their ignorance in the development process and plans. • Lack of green and social open spaces in the urban region of Indore.

Opportunities

Threats

• Indore is being developed as a smart city following its principles creating an opportunity to redevelop the city in a sustainable and smart way. • Indore has a lot of brownfield lands that can be redeveloped for creating community-driven neighbourhoods. • The city has the potential for employment of more than 1,00,000 people in the next 5 years with new developing projects. • A lot of open spaces and ignored riverfront can be redeveloped and utilised for further improvement of business and economy of the city.

• Overcrowding, traffic congestion, lack of multi-modal public transport and an increase in private vehicles. • Environmental degradation and insufficient open and green spaces in the city. • Increasing slum population poses a threat to the urban fabric of the city.

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Territorial Analysis

Conclusion from the analysis

Indore is primarily a commercial city however with very concentrated and dense centre facing overcrowding and traffic congestion every day. Indore has developed but with an inability to accommodate the modern urban requirements and density of the ever-growing population. The spatial functions which are distributed in the city in an unorganised manner led to uneven growth of the city. This unplanned distribution can be rearranged by creating multiple centres which will be self-sufficient in itself. Connection of neighbourhoods with the commercial centres through the metro link will help to decrease the congestion as well as encourage people to choose public transport over private vehicles as it will be a faster way to reach the destination. The introduction of Metro link can also be an opportunity to control and regulate the overcrowded centres by creating self-sufficient secondary centres in the neighbourhoods (i.e. towns within the metropolitan area of the city). The new developments need to focus on creating a balance of spatial programs for the area. The aim should be to design a walkable neighbourhood to discourage the use of private transport and promote walking and use of public transport. The new sub-centre or satellite centre will include the functions that were lacking or missing from the neighbourhood as well as it will create opportunities for more business and jobs.

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Development Strategy

Development Strategy

The principles of Smart City help the city to grow sustainably and follow public-oriented development. The central part of Indore which comprises of the old town centre is currently being developed under a Smart City initiative by the government. However, a long-term plan is also required to have a vision of future growth pattern of the city. The urban structure of Greater London is similar to Indore as both the cities are formed by agglomerating the surrounding villages and towns. Greater London is following the approach of polycentric development to plan a vision for the metropolitan region of the city for 2050. Similarly, Greater Sydney, one of the most densely populated cities is also forming a Vision to 2056 by creating 3 mini-cities within the metropolitan region of Greater Sydney on the principles of polycentric development. Polycentric development allows the city to create multiple subcentres or secondary centres which are self-sufficient and can accommodate the urban needs of people in that area. This helps in regulating the population flow and control traffic movement of the city.

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Development Strategy

Indore city is divided into 22 zones with each zone accommodating the roughly same amount of population. However, the physical areas of these zones are different resulting in the density to vary in each zone and hence the urban needs of the zone. Map of population density in different zones in Indore (Data Source: IDA )

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Development Strategy

2

2 1

1 1 2

2

The numbers ‘1’ and ‘2’ indicates the development phase in which these centres will be developed.

Old Town Centre Industrial Area Commercial Centres

Spatial Strategy Map showing possible new urban centres for Indore city and their connections with the neighbouring towns and cities. (Source: Anshul Chawda)

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New Possible Centers

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Development Strategy

Taking the approach of polycentric development to form a vision for Indore for next 40 years i.e. 2060, I have devised some strategies that can help to achieve that vision in a smooth manner. • Identification of areas for creating the centres based on population density and spatial distribution of function within the city. • Prioritizing the centres that need to be developed first based on current requirements of the population of that region and how it can help in decreasing the overcrowding and traffic congestion in the city. • Formulating long term development plans suggestively for every 40 years for the city in addition to the current process of development of plans for the next 10 years. • Creating mixed use development to accommodate various programs in different locations of the city. • Formulating 5-year goal plans for individual centres for focused and controlled development. • Integrating the development process with Transit Oriented Development strategies. The spatial plan for possible new centres is generated based on the study of population density in those areas and the need of urban contemporary programs in the region. The proposal is divided in 2 phases.

PHASE 1 In the first phase, 3 centres (with number ‘1’) which are strategically located on brownfield lands in a way that they are directly connected to each other and the old centre through Metro Link and also to the neighbouring towns will be taken into consideration of development plan for the next 20 years.

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PHASE 2 Based on the growth of the city and needs of population density and urban programs, the next phase, of the development plan will be initiated to develop the centres marked as number ‘2’. Consecutively, another development plan for the next 40 years will be formulated in accordance with the growth pattern of the city.

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When done right, programming uses the energy of a community to bring a space to life. – Project for Public Spaces (PPS)

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Urban Site Analysis

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Urban Analysis

Urban Analysis of the Site

Looking further into details of the first phase of the development plan. One of the brownfield land sites is selected based on the population density and distribution of spatial functions to propose a model example of the type of development that can be done in future for these centres. This centre will serve a population of 5,00,000 people from the locale and many more from the neighbouring towns and villages. Located in the high population density region, predominantly residential area which is directly connected to the old city centre. However, this region lacks spatial urban functions like leisure activities, food, cultural and exhibition centres. People have to commute daily to other ends of the city for jobs and education everyday needs. Bringing the centre closer will create job opportunities and promote the use of public transport and walkability.

Population x1000

Mhownaka is one of the busiest crossroads in Indore connecting more than 6 different areas. However, this region of Indore mostly consists of residential programs with some mixed-use buildings. This makes Mhownaka region as strategically appropriate for the development of a sub-centre in the first phase of the development plan.

Spatial Distribution of Functions in Mhownaka Area.

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Urban Analysis

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Old Town Centre The urban area of highlighted centre is selected and analysed for its potential to develop as one of the satellite centres in phase 1. Spatial Strategy Map showing possible new urban centres for Indore city and their connections with the neighbouring towns and cities. (Source: Anshul Chawda) XL CITY

Industrial Area Commercial Centres New Possible Centers 47


Urban Analysis

Image showing areas around the site.

SITE CONTEXT - 1 The site is conveniently located just at 400 m from the nearest metro station and bus stop along a 30 m wide road. The site of development is divided in 2 part sandwiching Vaishnav Polytechnic College. Kukkat Palan Kendra is a brownfield land of 88139 m2 which used to be a veterinary hospital and had some other government offices which now seem dark and derelict among the wild vegetation on site. M.O.G. Barracks is 84241 m2 of government housing which was provided to workers, however, the land is marked as a redevelopment site as the residents are moved to a different location.

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Urban Analysis

Illustration showing functions around the site.

SITE CONTEXT - 2 The site is located among a multitude of functional spaces. This creates an opportunity for the site to respond accordingly and provide multi-functional services.

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Urban Analysis

Local context around site. (Source: Ayush Khare)

SITE CONTEXT - 3 50

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Urban Analysis

Illustration showing land use around the site. Residential Mixed-Use (ground floor shop) Commercial Institutional Slum Area Private Land Open Land

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LAND USE PATTERN

The site is surrounded by various types of functions. However, the area is highly populated and lacks appropriate distribution of functions like leisure and recreational activities. The population density of the region suggests that all the functions are not synchronised and the city is unable to satisfy the requirements of the population of the region.

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Urban Analysis

Major Roads with Public Bus. Inner roads Illustration showing traffic movement around the site.

TRAFFIC MOVEMENT AROUND THE SITE

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The site is well connected through means of public and private transport to other parts of the city making it easily accesible. This proves to be a positive point for development as easy approach by public transportation helps to achieve the agenda of multi-modal transport for traveling wihtin the city.

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Urban Analysis

People approaching the site. Illustration approach to the site through means of public transport. The site is on walking distance from the nearest Metro Station, Bus Stop and Intercity Bus Station.

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APPROACH TOWARDS THE SITE

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Urban Analysis

Conclusion from the analysis

It can be concluded from the analysis that the Mhownaka region has good connectivity with the rest of the city which makes it an ideal location for proposing a new centre for Indore. The centre will have an easy approach through means of public and private transport. Connectivity through the metro link creates opportunities for the centre for better services. This centre will be a case example for the future developments proposed based on the phased growth of the city. This centre will not only accommodate the population of Mhownaka region but also the towns closer to South and West side of the city. This will in turn help in reducing the traffic congestion and overcrowding in the current centres of the city. Introduction of this centre will also provide more job and business opportunities for the people living closer to the centre as well as daily commuters who travel to the current commercial centres of Indore. The strategy of Mixed-use development is appropriate for this centre as it is well supported by the population diversity around it.

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Urban Analysis

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Proposal

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Proposal

Design Strategy

The design strategies that are going to be used for the mixed-use development of the new centre will also follow the pattern of community based and people-oriented development. The development of centre will also be divided in 2 phases. The first phase will involve development of commercial zone of the centre. This will help in understanding the needs of the people visiting and working in the centre as well as how the growth of centre affects the overall development of Indore city. The strategies for first 20 year plan of development of this centre will be as following. 1. Phased growth. 2. Separation of Commercial and Residential functions. 3. Interdependency of Functions 4. Response to the surrounding 5. Permeable Centre.

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Proposal

1. Phased Growth The development of new centre will be planned in different phases based on how Indore is affected by this new centre. For first 5 years the commercial centre will be the main function of new centre, in the 20 year development plan.

2

1

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Phase 2 of the project will be initiated after first 5 years of development of the centre. Based on the urban needs of the area further plans will be made.

First phase of the project involve development of a part of the site and depending on the growth of the centre further development will be initiated as per the plan.

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Proposal

2. Separation of Commercial and Residential functions. The centre is bifurcated into 2 parts with the development for first 5 years focused on commercial growth of the centre. Hence, utilising the special nature of the site, centre is divided into commercial and residential zones. Zones are identified on the basis of analysis done in previous chapter.

The site of new centre is located in a highly dense region of Indore. The development of second phase of this project will involve planning for population density of the region to control the overcrowding and traffic congestion.

This part of centre is well connected through public transportation and has multiple access points which makes it ideal for commercial activities. Hence, this part of site will be developed as a commercial centre.

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Proposal

3. Interdependency of Functions Both the parts of the centre are interdependent and help in growth of one another. The commercial centre will help in generation of revenue for the development of residential zone while the residential zone will bring about the cultural diversity in the commercial zone of the centre.

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Proposal

4. Response to the surrounding As the centre is being developed in a densely populated area, it is essential to understand the requirements of the neighbourhood as well.

Indore is also an education hub as well as a commercial centre of central India. A lot of students are migrants and hence the need of student housing is generated. For the students of nearby institutes and schools, public library can be added to the program list of the centre. The presence of houses in immediate proximity of the site indicates potential for introduction of urban services like shopping malls, cafe and restaurants, open green spaces which can be possibly developed into a walkable neighbourhood. Lack of green open spaces in the neighbourhood can be balanced by introducing more green spaces in the mixed-use centre.

The centre will create a healthy competition among the businesses already present in region, eventually helping in the economical growth of Indore.

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Proposal

5. Permeable Centre To create a walkable neighbourhood the centre needs to be thoroughly connected to its surroundings. The communities around the centre are connected through the centre which also defined the movement in and around the site for design development.

The thorough connection will not only promote walkability around the centre but it will also link the neighbourhoods and encourage people to participate in the communal activities occasionally organised in the community and open spaces in the centre.

Connecting communities through the site. XL CITY

Internal circulation of the Centre.

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Proposal

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONS OF CENTRE Based on the design strategies, the initial distribution of functions is done on the site as residential and commercial zones. They are further divided based on the programs to be provided within the mixed use centre.

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Proposal

MASTER PLAN

The master plan of the new sub-centre is developed based on the design strategies discussed above. The master plan aims to create a secondary centre for Indore to bring back the charm and intensity of the walkable neighbourhoods. The urban centre will accommodate the mixed-use programmatic diversity of markets, community and cultural spaces. The new urban centre will also help the city to solve the urban issues caused by the rapid urbanisation of Indore. The spatial programs in the centre are characterised on the basis of their use to people, namely, Private functions like information technology offices, private offices, co-working spaces, educational institutes, studios, as well as semi-public functions such as shopping mall, cultural centre, exhibition centre, workshops and galleries. These functions are also complemented by shops, cafeterias, Library, community facilities and other public functions. These functions are distributed in the urban centre both horizontally and vertically. The strategic distribution of private, semi-public and public functions is done based on the surroundings of the site. The public and private functions are separated by a green buffer. The sandwiched green buffer is the rooftop terraces connected together by bridges hanging among the buildings and forming a sort of an island of semi covered parks. The urban centre has shops, showrooms, library, gymnasium, restaurants, gaming arcades as public functions in addition to semi-public spaces like Exhibition centre, cultural centres, museum, auditoriums, learning centres and recreational spaces.

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Pedestrian Movement in and around the centre. (Source: Anshul Chawda)

The centre is open from all sides to encourage pedestrian movement and easily accessible by everyone. The residential zone that is to be developed in phase 2 is connected through a welcoming walking route along the edge of the institute.

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Traffic Movement around the centre. (Source: Anshul Chawda)

The newly proposed MR -6, 45 m wide road will connect the centre to western part of the city through city bus and private transit. The existing bus route and proposed Metro Station helps in promoting use of public transit and walkability in neighbourhood.

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MASTER PLAN - PHASE 1

The development of this centre is further divided into 2 phases. These phased development is to ensure the success of the polycentric development and make amends whenever required in the strategies. In the phase 1 of development of urban centre, the commercial zones will be developed. The aim of phase 1 of the development plan is create a urban centre and understand the needs of people. The development process of the urban centre is explained through following illustrations. The phase 1 will accommodate all programs except residential. The residential functions will be developed in phase 2 of the plan. The density of population of phase 2 will be determined by the growth pattern of the urban centre in phase 1.

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Phase 1 Development

Master Plan highlighting development of Phase 1.

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ACCESSIBILITY AND CONNECTIVITY The centre connects the 2 major streets and form a route for people connecting neighbouring communities with each other.

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INTERACTION The centre provides with multiple spaces where people come into interaction with the surrounding.

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PLAZAS Plazas provide great opportunities for interaction for people, community space and a visual connection between the centre and the neighbourhood.

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RELATION BETWEEN LANDSCAPE AND BUILD BLOCK The synergy of activities between landscape and buildings give a feeling of belongingness to the people. These synergies make the spaces more welcoming and lively.

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BUILDING BLOCKS The building blocks will house various functions like offices, shops, restaurants, library and others. These are designed so the synergy between the public realm and building is further strengthened.

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MULTI MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT The buildings are vertically divided based on the public, semi public and private functions catered by the block. A good combination of programs will form interesting junctions in the centre. Private Programs: Shopping Mall Offices Co-working spaces

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Semi - Public Programs: Cultural centre Exhibition centre Auditorium Community Space

Public Programs: Shops Restaurants and Cafe Library Roof Terrace.

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GREEN BUFFER By adding green buffer between two programs will create more opportunities for pedestrian movement within the centre and provide with better light, ventilation and views.

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A LIVELY GREEN NEIGHBOURHOOD The elevated parks are open for public and easily accessible by all. This will promote the maintenance and regular use of park.

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COURTYARDS Courtyards are essential design elements that help in better light and ventilation and also connect 2 spaces at different levels. The courtyards will create better opportunities to form a synergy between 2 different programs.

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GREEN SUSTAINABLE URBAN CENTRE The urban centre forms an animated contemporary neighbourhood development with landscape at different levels and urban blocks with public oriented design.

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Serial Vision The serial vision of main circulation spine of the site. This spine connects the centre with surrounding context as well as engages people within the site.

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View from pt. 1 View from pt. 2

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The serial vision tells about the flow of movement of people in the centre and the materiality of the buildings.

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View from pt. 3 View from pt. 4

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View from pt. 5 View from pt. 6

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Aerial Views of Site

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View from pt. 7 View from pt. 8

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View from pt. 9 View from pt. 10

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Road Sections A 45m wide road is proposed to pass by from the North end of the site. Here are some road sections with different functions.

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Section at 11

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Additional Views of Street side Cafe and seatings.

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View from pt. 14 View from pt. 15

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Additional Views of Street side Cafe and seatings.

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View from pt. 16 - Extended space of exhibition centre View from pt. 17 - Aerial View of Centre to be developed in Phase 1

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Conclusion

The completion of first phase of the secondary centre at Mhownaka Region will mark the starting of a new development in Indore to tackle the challenges caused by urbanisation. The idea of the development of this centre is also an appeal to the developing authorities of other cities to formulate strategies like this to promote and encourage the use public transportation by improving the multi-modal transit facilities for people. The separation of spatial functions in the centre will increase the programmatic and public diversity of the centre as well as will keep the place animated throughout the day. A regular routine of office employee will populate the centre in morning, while the shopping mall and public cafe and restaurants and other shops on street level will generate public movement for rest of the day. The presence of Exhibition centre, Cultural centre and Auditorium will engage the population in different time zones. The revenue generated from the centre through commercial activities can be then used for development of phase 2 of the centre and can also be used for development of Indore. The second phase of the project will start after 5 years simultaneously with the start of other 2 centres proposed in the 20 year plan for the Indore city. The Completion of all 3 centres will establish the end of Phase 1, a 20 year proposal for 3 centres, of the 40 year plan of development of Indore. At this point the development will be assessed and a strategy for next 40 years will also be formulated.

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A conceptual view of Secondary centre at Mhownaka Region

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Conclusion

Conclusion

It is difficult to match the growth of Indore to the speed of urbanisation. However, an attempt can be made for the constant growth of the city. Creating multiple centres around the city will help in keeping in check the traffic flow as well as the population density. Urban services available at a walkable distance will encourage people to forgo use of the private vehicles and adopt the use of public transport, cycling or walking. Though the process will take time to evolve and bring positive results, it is a good start against the urban issues faced by Indore. Formulating a development strategy for every 40 years will help to keep a long goal in mind. Simultaneously, creating short term development plans will provide the city with another important goal. The centres shall be first developed for a shorter span of time say 5 years to devise strategies for taking the project into the next phase and for other centres to be proposed. The design solution was a case example for new centres that might be proposed in future in different parts of the city. The aim was to achieve a sustainable neighbourhood which will promote walkability and people-oriented development as well as creating a livable city with the main focus on health, social life and cultural aspects of the city to form a holistic community. The introduction of these new centres will also help the old city centre at Rajwada Palace to bring back the cultural activities and events and preserve the monument. It will also provide the old centre with breathing space by diverting the population from overcrowded centre to these new centres. This will in turn increase the cultural importance of the city as well.

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The result of 40 year development strategy is a well connected Indore city with self sustaining urban centres. Possible plan of Indore city with all the centres and connectivity with other cities and towns after 40 years. (Source: Anshul Chawda)

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Old Town Centre Industrial Area Commercial Centres New Possible Centers

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Bibliography

Bibliography

India will have 7 mega cities by 2030 (n.d.) World Economic Forum. [Online] [Accessed on 4th August 2019] https:// www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/india-megacities-by-2030-united-nations/. ‘Indore Master Plans, Town, City Development Plans & Zonal Maps - Master Plans India’ (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 10th July 2019] https://www.masterplansindia.com/category/madhya-pradesh/indore. Indore Metro Rail, Indore Metro Rail Corporation Limited (n.d.) Indore Metro Rail | Indore Metro Rail Corporation Limited. [Online] [Accessed on 30th April 2019] http://www.indoremetrorail.com/. Indore Metropolitan Urban Region Population 2011-2019 Census (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 30th April 2019] https://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/242-indore.html. Introduction | Greater Sydney Commission (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 28th April 2019] /metropolis-of-three-cities/introduction. Slum Networking of Indore City | Aga Khan Development Network (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 2nd July 2019] https://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/slum-networking-indore-city. ‘Smart City Indore | Introduction’ (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 30th April 2019] https://www.smartcityindore.org/ introduction/. ‘Study on the Para-Transit System in Indore City.pdf’ (n.d.). Transport, F. (2018) Three cities for Sydney. [Online] [Accessed on 22nd April 2019] https://future.transport.nsw. gov.au/node/112. Travel behavior research (OVG) - SCP (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 29th April 2019] https://www.scp.nl/Onderzoek/ Bronnen/Beknopte_onderzoeksbeschrijvingen/Onderzoek_verplaatsingsgedrag_OVG. Urban Development and Housing Department (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 30th April 2019] http://www.mpurban. gov.in/mobilityplan.asp?id=4#. Urban population living in slums (n.d.) Our World in Data. [Online] [Accessed on 11th June 2019] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-slums-total.

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Bibliography

Urban Sprawl/Suburbanisation (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 11th July 2019] http://urbanissues.weebly.com/urban-sprawlsuburbanisation.html. Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures | Urban Gateway (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 4th August 2019] http://www.urbangateway.org/document/urbanization-and-development-emerging-futures. Welcome to official website of District Administration Indore (M.P.) India (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 30th April 2019] http://www.indore.nic.in/. World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 11th July 2019b] https://population.un.org/wup/Country-Profiles/. www.mapsofindia.com | Compare Infobase Limited (n.d.). [Online] [Accessed on 30th April 2019] http://www. infobase.co.in/mapsofindia.

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