Note per la lettura ambientale

from RECYCLING

by Anteferma Edizioni

Ricerche Researches Investigaciones

di uno stock edilizio scolastico Notes for the environmental survey of a school buildings’ stock

Roberto Bosco _roberto.bosco@unicampania.it Ph.D. Student

Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli

Dipartimento di Ingegneria

Savino Giacobbe _ingsavinogiacobbe@gmail.com

Ingegnere

Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli

Dipartimento di Ingegneria

Renata Valente _renata.valente@unicampania.it

Professore Associato

Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli

Dipartimento di Ingegneria

Summary

Understanding urban building stock resource consumption provides practitioners and decision makers with tools to effectively help minimize direct and embedded use of energy, water and materials and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. By collaborating with the Université Catholique de Louvain (BE), authors flank the Nested Phoenix project that resulted in the EPiC (Environmental Performance in Construction) database, to test applications of the data to the school building stock manged by the Metropolitan City of Naples. The aim is to incorporate analyses of environmental flows of building materials within an integrated redevelopment process model. By calculating energy, water consumption and CO2 emissions, sustainable building stock regeneration projects are evaluated, detailing materials and building elements whose reuse can be planned, obtaining precise estimates of the resulting environmental and economic benefits. Applying the database coefficients, the environmental flows incorporated in the materials used for the construction of two school buildings are analysed. The obtained quantity and quality of environmental information contributes to estimate school buildings sustainability. Including material characteristics and technological components within public education plexus registries is an additional element for the environmental assessment of the existing stock. The presented results include the initial, recurring, and lifecycle requirements embedded in the materials, obtained applying the model. Initial evidence from the intersection of spatial and material databases on a case study provides quantitative data on embedded local environmental flows and methodological experience for process reiteration toward broader strategic considerations. This information is crucial to apply the principles of circular economy and to transform processes of the publicly owned construction stocks where environmental redevelopment policies can be most effectively tested.

Database EPiC, Secondary raw materials, Embedded environmental flows

L’evoluzione normativa dei Criteri Ambientali Minimi per l’economia circolare nel settore edile: materia riciclata e disassemblabilità dei prodotti

The regulatory evolution of Minimum Environmental Criteria for the circular economy in the building sector: recycled material and disassemblability of products

Laura Calcagnini _laura.calcagnini@uniroma3.it

Ricercatore Universitario

Università degli Studi Roma Tre

Dipartimento di Architettura

Summary

Regulatory mechanisms can be understood as possible drivers of innovation and their evolution and the obligation of new absolutions assume significance and potential not only for all the people legally obligated to fulfill the law, but also because for the research direction and, in particular, for the applied one.

The reference legislation on the Minimum Environmental Criteria (CAM) strongly conditions the materials manufacturing industry sector and, in particular, the so-called Building CAM, referred to in the Ministerial Decree of June 23, 2022 conditions the sector of innovation of construction products and materials in the building sector toward the objectives of resource saving and reuse or circularity of the project.

In five years from the first Building CAM (2017) to the updated decree in 2022 the quality and the quantity of the minimum contents of recycled or recovered materials in building materials had changed. The evolution of this criterion shifts to the benefit of researching reuse materials and by-products on the diffuse territory by drawing more freedom in terms of material innovation and mix design. Also, the requirements on disassemblability had changed: the increase of this percentage for dry and prefabricated elements and components guide the research on new techniques for selective installation and demolition and on design and technological approaches.

This paper aims to investigate the new Building CAM (2022) decree in comparison with the previous one (2017) to summarize the direction that this tool has traced in the building sector both in terms of the technical specifics in the design and implementation of public procurement and in the research fields.

Minimum environmental criterial, Recycled building materials, Product innovation, Materials’ requirements

Territorial Ecosystem for circular economies: Eco3R research project

Guido Callegari _guido.callegari@polito.it Associate Professor

Politecnico di Torino

Architecture and Design Department

Guglielmo Ricciardi _guglielmo.ricciardi@polito.it

Ph.D. Student

Politecnico di Torino

Architecture and Design Department

Giuseppe Roccasalva _giuseppe.roccasalva@polito.it Senior Research fellow

Politecnico di Torino

Architecture and Design Department

Paolo Simeone _paolo.simeone@polito.it

Adjunct Professor and Research fellow

Politecnico di Torino

Architecture and Design Department

Summary

Among the transitional processes that could lead to building consistent sustainable solutions, circular economies practices (CE) are complex processes which must take into account different topics such as stakeholder engagement, material flows opportunities, end of life expectations and EU limit perspectives or targets. This paper introduces briefly the concept of circular territorial ecosystems with respect to the Eco3r research project, carried on by the Politecnico of Turin (DAD) from 2020, in collaboration with CCS, the in-house providing company of 19 municipalities in the area of Turin. Some crucial data on waste management and the main project’s targets are presented. Some Eco3r projects’ outputs are outlined in order to show this local experiment can become a model to scale or replicate in other communities in Europe. The paper is structured as follows: Section 1 describes the background problem with main data and critical issues regarding the case study; Section 2 is describing the target of the research project Eco3R and the scientific approach adopted; Section 3 is dedicated on the main output of Eco3R project and the discussion on the further research developments.

BIM for recycling management in architectural design

Agostino Catalano _agostino.catalano@unimol.it

Associate Professor

Università degli Studi del Molise

Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche Sociali e della Formazione

Luigi Mollo _luigi.mollo@unicampania.it

Associate Professor

Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli

Dipartimento di Ingegneria

Camilla Sansone _camilla.sansone@unimol.it

Adjunct Professor

Università degli Studi del Molise

Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche Sociali e della Formazione

Summary

The paper aims to analyse and propose the modelling of buildings for the purpose of the recycling concept. In this way, a more up-to-date and innovative concept can be concretely considered that allows a more exact prediction of the useful life of both individual components and the entire building.

This modelling, of an exquisitely technological nature, can allow right from the initial design, in the case of new constructions, an increase in design quality in synergy with the maintenance design in order to significantly raise the achievable performance levels with both economic and environmental benefits. A more in-depth study will concern already realised buildings to which criteria will have to be applied with corrective input parameters according to the residual useful life. Furthermore, a case study is presented concerning a building constructed in 2006 in the municipality of Frattamagiore in the province of Naples.

A digital twin of this building was realised according to the BIM methodology, using the Edificus software of ACCA, a leading company in the sector, moving from geometric modelling to technological modelling. It should be noted that for the purposes of the research no destructive surveys were carried out, and that for the knowledge of construction techniques, a visual survey was adopted, supplemented by the study of available documentation.

L’innovazione circolare dei blocchi per murature: soluzioni che nobilitano il rifiuto

The circular innovation of wall blocks: solutions that ennoble waste

Alessandra Cernaro _acernaro@unime.it

Ph.D.

Università degli Studi di Messina

Dipartimento di Ingegneria

Summary

The challenges to be overcome for the ecological transition are numerous, including giving value to waste by reintroducing it into processes from the point of view of the circular economy.

The construction sector is responsible for 35% of waste and 50% of raw material extraction in Europe. The latest document on the Building CAM-Minimum Environmental Criteria (Ministerial Decree 23.06.2022) brought back to Italy some solutions proposed at a European level: encouraging the use of recycled content in construction products and conceiving innovative materials. The comparison between the minimum percentages of Secondary Raw Material (SRM) required by the CAM decrees, issued from 2011 to today, seems to highlight a slow innovation, despite the ferment that the sustainability objectives are producing.

To verify which solutions the research area is proposing, the in-depth study was conducted on blocks for opaque vertical external closings/internal partitions, a category of products that is the expression of a tradition that over time has been able to renew itself to respond to updated construction and comfort needs. By intercepting research groups experimentations on a global scale, the study showed that in the last decades innovative blocks have been conceived with a high content of recycled material deriving from special and urban waste. However, few products are already on the market and efforts are needed to promote awareness.

The sustainability of traced elements goes beyond the type and entity of SRM, for example production processes with low CO2 emissions and full recyclability at the end of their life which contribute to reducing the environmental footprint.

The topic development will have to be followed to understand how many patents and unpatented experimental research will become commercialized products but also what is the predisposition of designers and clients to accept this kind of innovation.

Wall block, Minimum Environmental Criteria, Secondary Raw Material, Construction and Demolition Waste, Municipal Waste

Contribución a la economía circular: incorporación de vidrio en la producción de ladrillos

Contributing to the circular economy: glass addition in brick making

Laura Crespo-López _lcrespo.geo@gmail.com

PhD candidate

University of Granada

Department of Mineralogy and Petrology

Giuseppe Cultrone _cultrone@ugr.es

Full professor

University of Granada

Department of Mineralogy and Petrology

Summary

Brick is the most common ceramic product and is widely used in both historic and modern buildings. In this work, in order to reduce clayey earth consumption and recycle waste glass, 20 wt.% crushed household glass was added to two raw materials from Granada province (Spain) with different mineralogical composition to manufacture handmade and extruded bricks that were fired at 800, 950 and 1100 °C.

Household glass acts as a flux due to its Na2O content and amorphous composition, which reduces the temperature required for brick sintering. The addition of glass alters the porous system of the bricks, which absorb less water and dry more quickly than conventional bricks, making them less porous with a greater strength and durability. Moreover, the presence of glass leads to a decrease in pore interconnection and augments matrix vitrification. Extruded bricks are found to be less porous than those handmade.

Modelo International Standards

para la sostenibilidad de edificios (Etapa de uso y mantenimiento)

International Standards Model for Building Sustainability (Stage of use and maintenance)

Fabiola Colmenero Fonseca _fcolfon@upvnet.upv.es Postdoctoral researcher. Dr. Arquitecta Universitat Politècnica de València Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales

Consuelo Gómez-Gómez _magogo@doctor.upv.es Estudiante de Doctorado

Universitat Politècnica de València Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales

Andrés Salas Montoya _asalasm@unal.edu.co

Dr. Ing. Civil

Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Sede Manizales Departamento de Ingeniería Civil

Summary

A key stage in the life cycle of any type of building is that of use and maintenance. This article aims to develop a model for selecting International Standards as Management Systems (SG) whose application allows the systematization of management focused on building sustainability. There currently needs to be an adequate policy to manage sustainability at the strategic use and maintenance stage. It is through a qualitative study (Grounded Theory) and surveys carried out with technicians to obtain the perception of maintenance specialists in a company and establish a strategy for implementing standards for knowledge management. To do this, a search methodology is designed in the standards writing bodies, then applied in each agency, and a list of the criteria found is established. Finally, the degree of implementation of the selected measures in the organizations is analyzed, obtaining a classification of bars with different levels of application that allow improvement in the management of maintenance processes, energy efficiency, and rehabilitation. The results show that a high level of control and tacit knowledge is required in this activity, which would imply more time in applying each of the regulations in force by companies. It was obtained that the companies’ explicit knowledge compared with the maintenance technicians’ understanding. In conclusion, the most relevant standards are established whose application improved in the life cycle of buildings.

International standards, Maintenance, Rehabilitation, Energy efficiency, Sustainability

Harvest map of tangible and intangible resources in Watamu for sustainable architecture

Stefania De Gregorio _ stefania.degregorio@univaq.it Research fellow

Università degli Studi dell’Aquila

Dipartimento di Ingegneria civile, edile-architettura e ambientale

Summary

Kenya is a low-income country with an average annual economic growth rate of 4.8 percent. As a leading industry in Kenya, tourism is a driving force for construction due to the need for increased services and infrastructure. Construction is, however, changing the land indiscriminately, especially near the coast, which has negative consequences on the landscape. In addition, new construction uses Western building materials and techniques, most notably those related to concrete and steel. These Western techniques have pushed aside traditional local building culture, which is handed down orally from generation to generation. One such traditional technique is the utilisation of a self-supporting torchis system of unfired earth and wood and makuti roofs.

The reuse of waste materials is not culturally widespread, and when it does occur, it is due only to economic needs and not dictated by a desire to protect the environment. In this context, the paper addresses the definition of a harvest map of material (traditional and waste) and intangible (related to construction knowledge) resources in the local context of Watamu. This research suggests possible to enhance the local building culture, which is currently relegated to use by the lowest socioeconomic sections of society. Additionally, there is an opportunity to innovate on traditional practices through techniques and technologies that include the integration of waste materials, and to channel economic investments related to growing tourism via the development of sustainable local supply chains.

Estudiando el pasado para construir el futuro. La Arquitectura Vernácula y su aporte a la construcción del futuro como medida de mitigación del cambio climático

Carlos Alberto Duica Cuervo _cduica@unbosque.edu.co

Arquitecto

Universidad El Bosque Programa de Arquitectura

Summary

Colombia is a tropical developing country. Its history has been marked over the last 200 years by conflicts expressed in cyclical and continuous civil wars. These conflicts were based on the struggle for land tenure and have generated, in addition to death and destruction, a backwardness in the development of the country. Today, by virtue of the peace agreements reached in the Havana Accords in 2016 with the former guerrillas, a historical juncture has arisen. From the principle of resilience, this agreement is seen as an opportunity to build a sustainable future to face the planetary challenges of survival. In the field of construction the picture has only just awakened a few decades ago.

For a long time, the building tradition of native cultures, which have been adapting their territories for hundreds of years and have incorporated into their cultural tradition a wide range of adaptive technological development in the construction of habitats, was disregarded. Faced with this new reality, we take on the educational challenge of instilling in our students and future architects the decision-making tools that will enable them to design their careers with ethical criteria and in accordance with the new global demands.

Cultural respect, respect for the natural landscape, exhaustive research into the friendliest and best adapted construction technologies, systematisation of this information and creative proposals will be some of the elements to be considered in the new teaching of architecture.

Vernacular architecture, Mitigation, Building technologies, Sustainability, adaptive design

L’innovazione tecnologica dei serramenti in PVC verso “modelli di produzione e consumo sostenibili”

The technological innovation of PVC window-frames toward production and consumption sustainable models

Ornella Fiandaca _ornellafiandaca@unime.it

Professore Associato

Università degli Studi di Messina

Dipartimento di Ingegneria

Summary

An imposing framework of European Community and national legislation, binding or guiding, pushes the rethinking of all building products towards increasingly green, sustainable, and circular solutions. The segment investigated, returning to it with a different perspective after five years, is the windows, a product sector certainly in constant evolution to sustainable models of production and consumption.

The request of the answerable use of raw materials and production energy, of a waste reduction and greenhouse gas emissions, has concerned the conception of this building component orienting an increasingly conspicuous part of the production lines near modular and flexible solutions, that make use of multiple materials in the composition of the various constituent parts - core, reinforcements/thermal breaks, covers, gaskets, glass, edge channel - that experiment the opportunity for even partial disassembly and open up themselves to performance and aesthetic customization. The aim is to verify the contribution provided by virtuous production chains of PVC windows that accept the 5R strategy for a responsible waste management in line with objective 12 of the 2030 Agenda and, more generally, are conscious of the energy-environmental problems of our planet.

Multicriteria evaluation for recycling process efficiency

Fabrizio Finucci _fabrizio.finucci@uniroma3.it

Professore Associato

Università degli Studi Roma Tre Dipartimento di Architettura

Antonella G. Masanotti _antonellagiulia.masanotti@uniroma3.it Ph.D. Student

Università degli Studi Roma Tre Dipartimento di Architettura

Daniele Mazzoni _dan.mazzoni1@stud.uniroma3.it

Borsista di ricerca

Università degli Studi Roma Tre Dipartimento di Architettura

Summary

Disposal and management of construction and demolition waste (C&Dw) is a substantial part in the different phases of the construction process and accounts for 35% of the waste disposed of in landfills worldwide [Kabirifar et al., 2020], adressing the environmental impact of such waste as a global concern. Meanwhile, the treatment of waste and raw materials involves considerations of their economic and social impact. The End of Waste (EoW) concept of the EU Directive 2008/98/EC and its subsequent amendment 2018/851, directs waste to a recovery operation including recycling and preparation for re-use and priorities the management of the waste stream due to the large quantities produced. Within the construction process, the choices faced by the different actors involved in the recycling macro-issue are part of a decision-making environment that can be defined as complex: it concerns different situations, falls on different actors and, potentially, can include infinite evaluation criteria. This suggests the possibility that multicriteria evaluation techniques may be a useful tool for decision-making. In this regard, a preliminary analysis of the existing literature has allowed the identification of two decision-making macro-environments: a. the definition of input design choices for the future recyclability of materials and artefacts (field defined in the paper as input); b. the choice for the efficiency of C&Dw management or for the tracking of the waste flow (a field defined in the paper as output). The contribution intends to return some multicriteria applications aimed at the efficiency of the disposal and recycling processes of recyclable construction and demolition waste, providing an overview of the possible supports for this phase of the decision-making process.

Multicriteria evaluation, Decision-making, C&D waste, Input design choice, C&Dw management

Photovoltaics between performance and sustainability: a challenge for the future

Letizia Giusti _letizia.giusti@graduate.univaq.it Ph.D. Student

Università degli Studi di L’Aquila

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile-Architettura e Ambientale

Marianna Rotilio _marianna.rotilio@univaq.it Ricercatore universitario

Università degli Studi di L’Aquila

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile-Architettura e Ambientale

Gianni Di Giovanni _gianni.digiovanni@univaq.it Professore Associato

Università degli Studi di L’Aquila

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile-Architettura e Ambientale

Summary

Renewable and sustainable energy generation technologies have been at the forefront because of concerns about the environment, energy independence, and the high cost of fossil fuels. Much of the renewable energy research has been devoted to photovoltaic technology which is fundamental to sustainable energy supply, and it is currently in transition to a new generation of efficient and low-cost products.

Despite these environmental benefits, however, the growing photovoltaic installation capacity achieved worldwide brings with it an increasing number of decommissioned modules.

Consequently, there is also growing concern about the environmental impact due to the risks associated with the improper management of PV waste to which proper attention has not been paid. In fact, successfully recovering them is of paramount importance because it would reduce resource extraction and waste and generate sufficient economic return and value to finance the production of other PV modules.

To support the establishment of appropriate strategies and realistic eco-friendly goals, this review presents a comprehensive discussion of the importance of PV technologies for the decarbonization of energy systems but, more importantly, systematically reviews “state of the art” PV research to identify areas along the value chain where circular strategies could be implemented to promote the PV industry’s transition to circularity.

Il riutilizzo di spolia edili: Qasr Rabba in Giordania. Un caso esemplare

The reuse of building spolia: Qasr Rabba in Jordan. An exemplary case

Jacqueline Gysens Calzini _gysens@yahoo.it Archeologa

Istituto italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente IsIAO Roma

Luigi Marino _luigi.marino@unifi.it

Professore Associato

Università degli Studi di Firenze

Dipartimento di Architettura

Summary

It is certainly during the Roman empire, and later in the Byzantine period, that the re-use of building materials became systematic up to constituting a fundamental economic fact. Columns, capitals, panels, cornices... become resources and, as we say today, can be formulated as Prime Secondary Material ready for instant use or suitable once all the necessary adaptations were made. “Spolia” can be found in all building types, with differences related to their expected function. Occasionally the architectural remains are not only exploited as a quarry for building stones, they could be the basis for new constructions. The recovery of former remains inclusive of their reconversion, was a frequent phenomenon in the so-called “transition periods” when drawn by new requests and the necessary improvements, experiments were made for finding the best way to use the available materials. The use of spolia may present different characteristics such as structural, functional, decorative, documentary, Damnatio memoriae, market, necessity.

The example we are here to present might be considered the perfect match because of the exceptional number of incorporated spolia in the structures. An ample corpus of architectural remains includes friezes decorated with acanthus leaves and flowers and with the so-called “peopled scrolls” type, column bases, coffers with stylized floral motifs, lion heads from the acroterion, Corinthian capitals, figural capitals, frontal busts of divinities. The houses of the old Ottoman village, only recently destroyed, displayed all the characteristics of a regional vernacular architecture. In fact, house building is where all the traditions of technical know-how concentrate, and that are transmitted in a semi nomadic context orally from one generation to another. The incorporation of spolia materials follows as a rule first of all its immediate usefulness, and second, understanding the shape of the construction under way, so as to use at its best the characteristics of all the single categories of elements.

Architectural spolia, Recycling of removed elements, Structural function, Qasr Rabba, Ottoman village

Calcestruzzo con aggregati di laterizio riciclato.

Machine learning per la previsione prestazionale e trattamento dei dati per la gestione dell’errore

Recycled brick aggregate concrete.

Machine Learning for performance prediction and data processing for error management

Antonio Magarò _antonio.magaro@uniroma3.it

Assegnista di Ricerca

Università degli Studi Roma Tre

Dipartimento di Architettura

Summary

The paper reports the first results of research aimed at testing the possibility of employing machine learning techniques for the purpose of predicting the performance of materials. It focuses on predicting the strength of concrete, containing recycled brick aggregates. This kind of aggregates find great difficulty in own spread in concrete mixes because of their hydrophilicity. This characteristic affects the water/cement ratio, which must find a necessary re-balancing in the mix-design to avoid dehydration and carbonation phenomena that would affect the setting and hardening of the concrete.

In addition, the lower density of such aggregates, compared with natural ones, is directly related to lower compressive strength of them.

To assess the strength of concretes there is no other way than leading destructive tests on enough samples. Such an operation, often carried out on mixtures whose composition is empirically defined, is certainly costly, in terms of money, but above all in terms of time.

A predetermination of the strength performance (but also of any others), when mitigated in error, can provide useful predictive support, at the very least, in defining the components of the mixture. The model presented in this contribution still needs strong refinements before it can be deployed, however, initial results on improving prediction accuracy are encouraging.

Assessing the externalities of a waste management system via life cycle costing: The case study of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy)

Chiara Magrini _chiara.magrini@unibo.it Ph.D.

Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali

Alessandro Dal Pozzo _a.dalpozzo@unibo.it Associate Professor

Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali

Alessandra Bonoli _alessandra.bonoli@unibo.it Full Professor

Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali

Summary

Effective and efficient urban waste management systems (WMSs) are a cornerstone for a sustainable society. Life cycle costing (LCC) provides a useful framework for the joint analysis of economic and environmental impacts of a WMS, by considering both financial and external costs. The present study, published in the journal Waste Management [Magrini et al., 2022] applies the methodology of societal LCC to the WMS of the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna to provide a case study on how the available information on waste flows and budget costs of a real WMS can be used to obtain an estimate of the total cost of waste management, including externalities.

The analysis considered the complete urban waste management cycle, including street sweeping and cleaning services, collection, transport, treatment and disposal of both urban waste and residual waste streams originated from sorting and treatment operations.

Following Massarutto et al. [2011], three categories of externalities were considered: externalities from the transportation of waste, externalities from the operation of treatment plants and externalities from the production of recycled materials. External costs are related to emissions of pollutants or consumption of scarce resources, while benefits are related to avoided emissions or consumptions, thanks to energy and material recovery from waste.

Potential use of proximity resources in the built environment

Marco Migliore _marco.migliore@polimi.it

Assegnista di Ricerca

Politecnico di Milano

Dipartimento DASTU Architettura e Studi Urbani

Matteo Clementi _matteo.clementi@polimi.it

Professore Associato

Politecnico di Milano

Dipartimento DASTU Architettura e Studi Urbani

Giancarlo Paganin _giancarlo.paganin@polimi.it

Professore Associato

Politecnico di Milano

Dipartimento DASTU Architettura e Studi Urbani

Summary

Territorial proximity is a fundamental condition for generating efficient circular economy scenarios. Geographical location within a limited radius, together with the sharing of tangible and intangible resources, very often represents the starting point for the development of synergies between different players, in a logic of industrial symbiosis.

The European Union has repeatedly expressed itself in favor and support of industrial symbiosis which is understood as a fundamental element for stimulating new sustainable production and consumption models, for guaranteeing a rational and efficient use of resources and for exploiting all their advantages in environmental, economic and social terms. What has already been expressed in various Communications of the European Commission has been integrated into a set of measures on the circular economy of 2018 and revised following the presentation of the European Green Deal of 2021.

This research project, which is part of the initiatives “off-campus” of the Politecnico di Milano, intends to deepen and broaden the concept of industrial symbiosis towards territorial symbiosis by developing its potential and widening the boundaries to include not only the production activities traditionally considered in industrial symbiosis but also other activities that produce output flows such as waste or refusal in the local area (residential, commercial areas, agricultural production and services).

The objective of the research is to develop territorial tools for the activation and support of local supply chains through the mapping and management of shared local resources in accordance with the principles of circularity.

Circular economy, Proximity, Material flows, Local environmental impact, Co-design

Scarti di granito e cave dismesse per futuri scenari eco-innovativi in Sardegna

Granite scraps and abandoned quarries for future eco-innovative scenarios in Sardinia

Antonello Monsù Scolaro _amscolaro@uniss.it Professore Associato

Università degli Studi di Sassari

Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica

Cheren Cappello _c.cappello@studenti.uniss.it

Ph.D. Student

Università degli Studi di Sassari

Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica

Summary

For years, scientific and cultural debate has focused on the need to adapt traditional economic models to pressing environmental emergencies. The construction sector in particular, from the extraction of raw materials through the manufacturing phase to the demolition one, has a wide range of environmental impacts.

The 2022 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction shows a post-pandemic increase of 5% in CO2 emissions and 4% in energy demand. On the other hand, the OECD predicts that global resource consumption will double by 2060 as a result of economic growth and improved quality of life in housing. This will have a further impact on the climate and environmental changes that are already affecting our planet. Therefore, the valorisation of secondary raw materials is an opportunity to address both the depletion of natural resources and the alteration of the landscape and local environment, including the reduction of waste and possible eco-innovations in products and processes.

Fifteen researchers from the University of Sassari are carrying out a research and development project, funded by the Ministry of Economic Development, on possible valorisation strategies for granite waste and abandoned quarries in north-eastern Sardinia (one of the largest mining basins in Italy).

The valorisation of the large quantities of granite waste abandoned in disused quarries is the starting point for both the landscape and environmental regeneration and the creation of new green jobs; the numerous quarries become potential territorial centres of historical, sociocultural and economic value.

Here are the first findings and future research activities of the research project, which will end in December 2023.

Quarries reuse, Resource circularity, Waste valorisation, Eco innovation

Marina Rigillo _mrigillo@unina.it

Professore Associato