Building &co issue n4

Issue no. 4 | MAY 2013

Villaggio “The Making Off” / Lebanon’s Offshore Petroleum Activities / Facility Management / LED Lighting Solutions / Real Estate Investment Companies / Hazardous Chemicals in Construction / Setting Up A Baked Floor / Towards A Better Future

Bu il din g & Co | M AY 2013

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Love for materi al s, ri gi d control s.

LED lig hting meets the elega nce.

NEXO LUCE

NEXO LUCE MIDDLE EAST

Contrada Selvole 54

Khazen Tower Blvd Mirna Chalouhi

46042 Castel Goffredo MN - Italy T +39 0376 771513 • F +39 0376 772235 sales@nexoluce.com

Greater Beirut - Lebanon nexoluce.com

T +961 1 480609 • F +961 1 512341 sales.me@nexoluce.com

Cover.

The tree and its wood have played a prominent role in human life throughout history. Wood has been one of our most important building materials from early Paleolithic times, both for building and for the manufacture of tools.

Photo © Michel El Esta

Issue no. 4 | MAY 2013

Contents

Villaggio “The Making Off” P. 6 Lebanon’s Offshore Petroleum Activities P. 14 Facility Management P. 18 LED Lighting Solutions P. 20 Real Estate Investment Companies P. 30 Hazardous Chemicals in Construction P. 34 Setting Up A Baked Floor P. 38 Construction Materials P. 46 Towards A Better Future P. 50

Bu il din g & Co | M AY 2013

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Editorial APAVE Liban’s new magazine Building & Co. is already in its fourth iteration, on its quest to inform the professional world about all pertinent subjects relevant to the construction sector, particularly those relating to innovation.

Innovation today is essential for the development of the sector, as well as the world’s quest for technologies and machineries that are more reliable and friendly to the environment. Building engineers are also increasingly required to take into consideration security, comfort and the environmental impact of their designs.

Founded in 1957 by a consortium of professional federations, CHEC has, since its inception, strived to provide the formation needed by specialists in the civil engineering field. Its mission logically places it at the crossroads between the professional and academic worlds; natural loci for innovation.

Its international reach contributes to enriching professional formation, in itself a facilitator for the development of innovation. As such, it is my pleasure to remind the readers that among CHEC’s alumni are 150 Lebanese nationals, the oldest of whom graduated in 1959!

I therefore would like to thank Nassib Nasr who continues to keep this cooperative endeavor alive.

Dominique Vié

Director of CHEC

“Centre des Hautes Etudes de la Construction”

General Manager Nassib Nasr

Layout & Design Echo s.a.r.l.

Managing Editor Daniella Mazraani Aizarani

Copy-Editor & Translator Kamal Fayad

Photographer Michel El Esta

Consultant Alec Ibrahim

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B u i l di n g & Co | M AY 2 0 1 3

Printing Haroun Printing Tel / Fax: 01-898745 / 6 www.harounprinting.com Edition Apave Published quarterly

Special thanks APAVE team Distributed by MEDIAREP Tel/Fax: 961 1 495395 www.mediarep.ws

We appreciate your comments: Please CONTACT US. we need your input with any suggestions or comments at: buildingco@apaveliban.com Tel: +961-1-283072 Fax: +961-1-295010

Bu il din g & Co | M AY 2013

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B u i l di n g & Co | M AY 2 0 1 3

Rasha Bohsali Operations and Business Development Manager – ALAMCO Group

Villaggio

“The Making Off”

Bu il din g & Co | M AY 2013

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Erection of the 250sqm roof structure.

A first in Lebanon!

The Villaggio Piccolo Italian dining garden and Limoncello coffee shop, comprised of a timber frame two story structure with kitchens, storage areas and office space, was erected in only 6 weeks in Mina el Hosn, Beirut.

The construction of this 750sqm wood structure effectively marries two techniques: timber frame drywall technology and glulam timber. The main pavilions (restaurant and coffee shop) were assembled roof first and lifted by crane to position the glulam carrying columns. The roof structures include a thermal insulation layer and are covered by bitumen shingles sheet. The timber frame two-story structure was produced and assembled on site and is composed of insulated and larch cladded external walls, internal partitions, an intermediary glulam ceiling element and a one-sloped insulated roof also covered in shingles.

This innovative and intelligent construction process was possible by translating the company’s European know-how and bridging it to the Lebanese market. All the material including the wood structure, insulation, cladding and covering, including fixations and accessories, was tailor ordered from Germany and shipped to Lebanon to satisfy the specific needs of the project. The assembly team also travelled to Beirut to guarantee the proper assembly and erection of the project, and that in record time!

Why Wood?

While wood is a versatile resource, it is also a living material with endless variations. It requires knowledge and expertise, careful handling and a different creative approach than other building materials.

The tree is a recycling factory. It endlessly transforms the same materials, water, carbon dioxide, again and again, into water and oxygen. Wood is a simple but not simplistic material. It has sensuousness and toughness.

It responds to insight as well as intellect. It can be poetic and pragmatic. It has unity with diversity. But it needs knowledge and respect and an architectural and engineering culture to grow it in.

The natural appeal, versatility and strength of timber make it the superior choice for external cladding.

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B u i l di n g & Co | M AY 2 0 1 3

STEP 1: Translation of architectural design into execution drawings Static studies and calculations following the implementation of EUROCODE 5: Scope of EN 1995 EN 1995 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in timber (solid timber, sawn, planed or in pole form, glued laminated timber or wood-based structural products, e.g. LVL) or wood-based panels jointed together with adhesives or mechanical fasteners.

It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures and the basis of design and verification given in EN 1990:2002.

EN 1995 is concerned with requirements for mechanical resistance, serviceability, durability and fire resistance of timber structures.

STEP 2: Choice of materials and delivery What is Glulam timber?

Definition of Glulam: Glulam or Glued-laminated timber consists of a minimum of four timber laminates of 35mm (min) thickness glued together. Glulam with no theoretical limits on section size, length or shape is ideally suited for use in structural systems, especially medium to large span roof structures. It is commonly used as roof beams, portal frames, arches, floor beams and columns. Other possible uses are for beam grillages, include shell structures and domes.

EXTERNAL Cladding in LARCH European wood While the structure could have been dressed with any material such as stone, paint or composite materials, the choice of LARCH was retained for its natural durability to withstand exposure to the sun, heat and humidity and its light caramelized color which will naturally go grey with UV exposure.

Through specification, planning, design and finishing processes, timber cladding not only creates a building of superior strength, acoustic and thermal performance but also creates a place of beauty, style and natural appeal. No other cladding material can offer the design freedom, ease of handling, range and natural beauty of timber.

STEP 3: Execution

Open kitchen bar area.

WEEK 1: Mobilization of European execution teams on site and material delivery WEEK 2-3: Production and assembly of the timber frame 2 floor structures composed of the kitchens, storage areas, guest bathrooms and a complete floor of offices (approximately 400sqm construction) WEEK 4: Assembly and erection of the coffee shop roof structure. (approximately 100sqm construction) WEEK 5: Assembly and erection of the main pavilion roof structure (approximately 250sqm construction) WEEK 6: External larch wood cladding, waterproofing and shingle roofing the complete project.

At a later stage: Installation of the glulam larch wood pergolas in the gardens.

ADVANTAGES • Time • Precision • Clean Site • Delivery of a finished product • Respect of the latest European norms and performances Closing word For centuries, wood has been known as the most noble material. ALAMCO’s carpenters and technicians give wood its just value and the respect it deserves when creating super structures.

We are proud of our expertise in wood works and innovative solutions to erect super structures in the fastest timeframes. www.alamco.eu

Bu il din g & Co | M AY 2013

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General Specifications

External wall element

A

TYP

B

TYP

A

TYP

B

External Larch wood cladding

60

100

100

40

40

100

20

140

60

20

TYP

Shingles roof covering

60

100

60

Ceiling element

Glulam beam design

kw-holz

MaĂ&#x;stab: Bauherr

Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH

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B u i l di n g & Co | M AY 2013

Wächtersbacher Weg 10, D-63619 Bad Orb Tel. / Fax +49 (0)6052-7685 / 900954

Bauort Datum Bearb.

Gepr.

16.03.2012

Name

T. Brand

Glulam timber beam roof structure (essence: Spruce)

1:10

Alamco Beirut

Benennung

Italian Restaurante

Norm

Auftrag

Zeichnung

Blatt :

Limoncello Coffee Shop 132

105

103 101

106

101

101

132

127

131

128

127

131

128

Holzliste C24

103 129

129 130 NH/BSH-Bauteile (Brutto)

2´ 110

3230

3230

3350

3350

10080

102

3500

126 122

122

120

116 114

A´

B`

NH/BSH-Bauteile (Brutto)

3230

C`

D´

Pos.

Benennung

109

Sparren

Stk. Nr. 1

2 109 KH80/200Sparren C24

Pos. Profil

Benennung Material

Stk.

2 KH80/200 0.080

125

Höhe Material Länge

Breite

[m]

[m] C24 0.200

5.693

2

110

Sparren

2

2 110 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

[m]

5.632

3

111

Sparren

3

2 111 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

4.565

4

112

Sparren

4

2 112 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

4.504

5

113

Sparren

5

2 113 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

4.234

6

114

Sparren

6

2 114 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

4.234

7

115

Sparren

7

2 115 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

3.620

8

116

Sparren

8

2 116 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

3.620

9

117

Sparren

9

2 117 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

3.429

10

118

Sparren

10

2 118 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

3.369

11

119

Sparren

11

2 119 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

3.007

12

120

Sparren

12

2 120 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

3.007

13

121

Sparren

13

2 121 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

2.394

14

122

Sparren

14

2 122 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

2.394

15

123

Sparren

15

2 123 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

2.263

16

124

Sparren

16

2 124 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

2.233

17

125

Sparren

17

2 125 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

1.780

18

126

Sparren

18

2 126 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

1.780

19

127

Sparren

19

2 127 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

20

128

Sparren

20

2 128 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

1.167

[m]

1.167

21

129

Sparren

21

2 129 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

1.158

22

130

Sparren

22

2 130 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

1.097

23

131

Sparren

23

2 131 KH80/200Sparren C24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

0.559

129 24

132

Sparren

24

2 KH80/200 0.080

C24 0.200

0.554

2 132 KH80/200Sparren C24 48

127

132

BreiteProfil

48

132

3350

3230

3500

3350

3500

10080

D´ A´

A´

B`

B`

C`

C`

D´

D´

Abbunddaten: 00001.bvn; Abbunddaten: Pos. 100 00001.bvn; ff.

Pos. 100 ff.

Holzliste GL24 und GL24h

NH/BSH-Bauteile (Brutto)

Nr.

Pos.

Benennung

Nr. Stk. Pos.

1

100

Unterzug

1

1001 KH160/480 Unterzug

GL24h

1 KH160/480 0.160

GL24h 0.480

7.0000.160

7.00.480

0.54

7.000 0.54

7.0

0.54

0.54

2

101

Stütze

2

1016 KH200/300 Stütze

GL24

6 KH200/300 0.200

ProfilBenennung

Material Stk.

Breite Profil

GL24 0.300

4.1420.200

24.80.300

0.25

4.142 1.49

24.8

0.25

1.49

3

102

Stütze

3

1022 KH200/300 Stütze

GL24

2 KH200/300 0.200

GL24 0.300

4.1420.200

8.30.300

0.25

4.142 0.50

8.3

0.25

0.50

4

103

Stütze

4

1032 KH200/300 Stütze

GL24

2 KH200/300 0.200

GL24 0.300

4.1420.200

8.30.300

0.25

4.142 0.50

8.3

0.25

0.50

5

104

Gratsparren

5

1042 KH180/280 Gratsparren

GL24h

2 KH180/280 0.180

GL24h 0.280

7.6110.180

15.20.280

0.38

7.611 0.77

15.2

0.38

0.77

6

105

Gratsparren

6

1052 KH180/280 Gratsparren

GL24h

2 KH180/280 0.180

GL24h 0.280

7.6110.180

15.20.280

0.38

7.611 0.77

15.2

0.38

0.77

7

106

Pfette

7

1062 KH160/240 Pfette

GL24

2 KH160/240 0.160

GL24 0.240

10.0800.160

20.20.240

0.39

10.080 0.77

20.2

0.39

0.77

8

107

Pfette

8

1072 KH160/240 Pfette

GL24

2 KH160/240 0.160

GL24 0.240

7.0000.160

14.00.240

0.27

7.000 0.54

14.0

0.27

0.54

9

108

Firstpfosten

9

1081 KH160/240 Firstpfosten

GL24h

1 KH160/240 0.160

GL24h 0.240

1.3670.160

1.40.240

0.05

1.367 0.05

1.4

0.05

0.05

5.92

114.4

[m]

20

Höhe Material

Länge Breite

lfdmHöhe

[m]

[m]

[m] [m]

[m]

20

E-VolLänge Volumen

lfdm

[cbm] [m]

[m]

[cbm]

114.4

E-Vol

Volumen

[cbm]

[cbm]

5.92

Listen Ständerwände

1´

Listen Ständerwände

1´

129

127

Nr. 1

3500

C`

Abbunddaten: 00002.bvn; Abbunddaten: Pos. 100 00002.bvn; ff.

Pos. 100 ff.

Holzliste GL24 und GL24h

123

119

128

131

10080

B`

115 125

113 121

114 119

116 115

120 113

130

128

131

122 114

130

10080

A´

117

123

120

0

102

3´

0

104

3´

104

122

106

117

124

126

101

111

121

124

101

111

118

107

101

107

101

3´

106

118

100

100

103

107

107

112

109

112

3500

3500

3500

3500

103

3´

118

101 112

NH/BSH-Bauteile (Brutto)

124

110

109

110

116 126

101

110

109 7000

105

2´

105

109

112

114

104

7000

2´

7000

2´

7000

104

120 115 116

119

111

118

113

108

115

3500 111

113

108

101

119

121 117

3500

3500

3500

117 101

124

123 121

123

102

126

125

125

130 102

Holzliste C24

101

1´

1´

1´

106

1´

105

HP13

HP13

HP12

Holzwerkstoffplatten-Netto-Fläche Pos.

Benennung

Stk. Nr.

Pos.Profil Benennung

Material Stk.

133

Beplankung

1

1133KH12.5/5170 Beplankung

Fermacell

3500

HP11

2

134

Beplankung

2

1134KH15/5142 Beplankung

3

135

Beplankung

3

1135KH12.5/5142 Beplankung

4

136

Beplankung

4

1136KH12.5/5133 Beplankung

5

137

Beplankung

5

2137KH15/3892 Beplankung

Fermacell-HD2 KH15/3892

6

138

Beplankung

6

2138KH12.5/3892 Beplankung

Fermacell

7

139

Beplankung

7

2139KH15/3892 Beplankung

Fermacell-HD2 KH15/3892

8

140

Beplankung

8

2140KH12.5/3892 Beplankung

Fermacell

2´

7000

2´

7000

HP14

3´

HP14

HP10

HP10

3500

3500

Länge

[m]

[m]

Breite E-Flä

Höhe Fläche

[m][qm]

Länge

[m] [qm]

[m]

E-Flä

3´

Fläche

[qm]

[qm]

Fermacell5.2

6.6

0.0 31.7

5.231.7

6.6

31.7

31.7

Fermacell-HD1 KH15/5142

0.0

Fermacell-HD 5.1

3.0

0.0 14.0

5.114.0

3.0

14.0

14.0

Fermacell

1 KH12.5/5142

0.0

Fermacell5.1

3.0

0.0 14.0

5.114.0

3.0

14.0

14.0

Fermacell

1 KH12.5/5133

0.0

Fermacell5.1

6.6

0.0 31.6

5.131.6

6.6

31.6

31.6

0.0

Fermacell-HD 3.9

3.1

0.0 12.2

3.924.4

3.1

12.2

24.4

0.0

Fermacell3.9

3.1

0.0 12.2

3.924.4

3.1

12.2

0.0

Fermacell-HD 3.9

2.8

0.0 10.7

3.921.5

2.8

10.7

0.0

Fermacell3.9

2.8

0.0 10.7

3.921.5

2.8

10.7

2 KH12.5/3892 2 KH12.5/3892 12

2´

2´

24.4

1´

21.5

1´

21.5

183.0

C` D´

183.0

3230

3230

3350

3350

10080

A´

A´

B`

3500

3500

10080

B`

C`

C`

D´

NH/BSH-Bauteile (Brutto)

Nr.

Pos.

Benennung

1

142

Schwelle

1

1 142 KH80/100SchwelleC24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

6.6

0.05 0.1

0.10.05

6.6

0.05

0.05

2

143

Ständer

2

1 143 KH60/100Ständer C24

1 KH60/100 0.1

0.1 C24

5.1

0.03 0.1

0.10.03

5.1

0.03

0.03

3

144

Ständer

3

1 144 KH80/100Ständer C24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

5.0

0.04 0.1

0.10.04

5.0

0.04

0.04

4

145

Ständer

4

3 145 KH60/100Ständer C24

3 KH60/100 0.1

0.1 C24

5.0

0.03 0.1

0.10.09

5.0

0.03

0.09

5

146

Ständer

5

1 146 KH60/100Ständer C24

1 KH60/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.9

0.03 0.1

0.10.03

4.9

0.03

0.03

6

147

Ständer

6

1 147 KH80/100Ständer C24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.9

0.04 0.1

0.10.04

4.9

0.04

0.04

7

148

Ständer

7

1 148 KH60/100Ständer C24

1 KH60/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.8

0.03 0.1

0.10.03

4.8

0.03

0.03

8

149

Ständer

8

1 149 KH80/100Ständer C24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.7

0.04 0.1

0.10.04

4.7

0.04

0.04

9

150

Ständer

9

1 150 KH60/100Ständer C24

1 KH60/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.6

0.03 0.1

0.10.03

4.6

0.03

0.03

10

155

Ständer

10

1 155 KH80/100Ständer C24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.5

0.04 0.1

0.10.04

4.5

0.04

0.04

11

156

Ständer

11

1 156 KH60/100Ständer C24

1 KH60/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.5

0.03 0.1

0.10.03

4.5

0.03

0.03

12

157

Ständer

12

1 157 KH60/100Ständer C24

1 KH60/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.4

0.03 0.1

0.10.03

4.4

0.03

0.03

13

158

Ständer

13

1 158 KH80/100Ständer C24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.3

0.03 0.1

0.10.03

4.3

0.03

0.03

14

159

Ständer

14

1 159 KH60/100Ständer C24

1 KH60/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.2

0.03 0.1

0.10.03

4.2

0.03

0.03

15

160

Ständer

15

1 160 KH80/100Ständer C24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.1

0.03 0.1

0.10.03

4.1

0.03

0.03

16

161

Ständer

16

2 161 KH60/100Ständer C24

2 KH60/100 0.1

0.1 C24

4.1

0.02 0.1

0.10.05

4.1

0.02

0.05

17

162

Ständer

17 24 162 KH80/100Ständer C24

24 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

3.7

0.03 0.1

0.10.72

3.7

0.03

0.72

18

163

Rähm

18

1 163 KH80/100Rähm

C24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

3.2

0.03 0.1

0.10.03

3.2

0.03

0.03

164

Schwelle

19

2 164 KH80/100SchwelleC24

2 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

3.1

0.03 0.1

0.10.05

3.1

0.03

0.05

20

165

Rähm

20

2 165 KH80/100Rähm

C24

2 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

3.1

0.03 0.1

0.10.05

3.1

0.03

0.05

21

166

Schwelle

21

1 166 KH80/100SchwelleC24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

3.0

0.02 0.1

0.10.02

3.0

0.02

0.02

19

D´

Stk. Nr.

Pos. Profil

Benennung Material

Stk.

BreiteProfil

Höhe Material Länge

[m]

[m]

Breite E-Vol

[m]

[m] [cbm]

Volumen Höhe

Länge

[cbm] [m]

[m]

E-Vol

Volumen

[cbm]

[cbm]

kw-holz

kw-holz

Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH

Datum

167

Schwelle

22

2 167 KH80/100SchwelleC24

2 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

2.8

0.02 0.1

0.10.04

2.8

0.02

0.04

23

168

Rähm

23

2 168 KH80/100Rähm

C24

2 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

2.8

0.02 0.1

0.10.04

2.8

0.02

0.04

Gepr.

24

169

Schwelle

24

1 169 KH80/100SchwelleC24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

2.4

0.02 0.1

0.10.02

2.4

0.02

0.02

25

170

Rähm

25

1 170 KH80/100Rähm

C24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

2.2

0.02 0.1

0.10.02

2.2

0.02

0.02

26

174

Rähm

26

1 174 KH80/100Rähm

C24

1 KH80/100 0.1

0.1 C24

2.2

0.02 0.1

0.10.02

2.2

0.02

0.02

1.62

1.62 Änderung

Datum

HP13

6950 6754 6822

1465

HP12 HP11 3500

4042

128

4442

3129

Unterzug, KH160/480

68

128

21

200

1´

021 221

3802

5161

5289

HP12

150

3050

3230

20

3030

150

300 9760

150 150

6430 6580 6730

0

7000

2760

320

20

3500

3080 3230 3380

300 20

3500

196 128 0

3350

3500

10080

2´

1´

A´

B`

C`

10080 10060

68

200

3´

C`

6779 6979 7000

21

HP14

0

128

HP10

3129

3500

4965

150

150

3350 3500 3650

7000

2´

3015

D´

kw-holz

Maßstab: Bauherr

Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH

Wächtersbacher Weg 10, D-63619 Bad Orb Tel. / Fax +49 (0)6052-7685 / 900954

Bauort Bearb.

Gepr.

Datum

Name

11.06.2012

L.Blum

1:50

Alamco Beirut

Benennung

Italian Restaurante

Norm

Bu il din g &Übersicht Co | M AY 2013 12al002_libanon Auftrag

11.06.2012

kw-holz

Maßstab: Bauherr

Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH

Wächtersbacher Weg 10, D-63619 Bad Orb Tel. / Fax +49 (0)6052-7685 / 900954

Bauort Datum Bearb.

06.06.2012

Name

T.Brand

Benennung

1:50

Alamco Beirut

Italian Restaurante

Zust Änderung

Datum

Name

Zeichnung

11

Blatt :

-

Bl.

Bau Name

Ben

It

T. Brand

Bea

Gep

Norm

Nor

Auftrag

Zeic Auf

ZustName Änderung

First 5900

5858

28.03.2012

12al002_libanon

28.03.2012 Zust

Bau

Wächtersbacher Weg 10, D-63619 Bad Orb Tel. / Fax +49 (0)6052-7685 / 900954

22

56

Maß

Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH

Wächtersbacher Weg 10, D-63619 Bad Orb Tel. / Fax +49 (0)6052-7685 / 900954

Bearb.

56

3´

C`

D´

HP12 NH/BSH-Bauteile (Brutto)

3´

1 KH12.5/5170

Höhe Material 0.0

12

HP12

Profil Breite [m]

HP11 3500

Nr. 1

HP12

3´

Holzwerkstoffplatten-Netto-Fläche

C 12

28.03.2012 Datum

Name

3*Spax-S_VG_SKØ8*160--GV Z-9.1-519 ø8

227

Grundplatte, BL10*290-S235

Holzliste C24 228

4 4

3*D9

NH/BSH-Bauteile (Brutto)

228

Nr.

Pos.

Benennung

Stk.

Profil

Material

Breite

Höhe

[m]

228

232

233

229

224

226

4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

0.240

7.601

30.4

0.22

0.88

4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

0.240

7.600

30.4

0.22

0.88

210 211

220 218

0.120

0.240

0.120

6.753

0.240

27.0

6.753

0.19

27.0

0.78

C24

0.120

0.240

5.906

23.6

0.17

0.68

C24

0.120

0.240

5.905

23.6

0.17

0.68

214 215

Sparren Sparren

4 KH120/240 4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

C24

0.240

0.120

5.058

0.240

20.2

5.057

0.15

20.2

0.58

0.15

216

Sparren

4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

0.240

4.210

16.8

0.12

0.49

217

Sparren

4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

0.240

4.209

16.8

0.12

0.48

218

Sparren Sparren

4 KH120/240 4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

C24

0.240

0.120

3.364

0.240

13.5

3.363

0.10

13.5

0.39

0.10

220

Sparren

4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

0.240

2.517

10.1

0.07

0.29

221

Sparren

4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

0.240

2.515

10.1

0.07

0.29

15

222

Sparren

4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

0.240

1.668

6.7

0.05

0.19

Sparren

4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

0.240

1.667

6.7

0.05

224

Sparren

4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

0.240

0.820

3.3

0.02

0.09

225

Sparren

4 KH120/240

C24

0.120

0.240

0.819

3.3

0.02

0.09

19

226

Stellbrett

4 KH19/214

C24

0.019

0.214

13.939

55.8

0.06

0.23

20

227

Sparren

2 KH80/200

C24

0.080

0.200

6.615

13.2

0.11

0.21

Sparren

10 KH80/200

6.615

66.1

229

Sparren

1 KH80/200

C24

0.080

C24

0.200

0.080

0.200

6.615

0.11

6.6

Steife, BL5*90.37-S235

0.11

230

Sparren

1 KH80/200

C24

0.080

0.200

6.615

6.6

0.11

0.11

233

Füllholz

2 KH80/120

C24

0.080

0.120

0.724

1.4

0.01

0.01

25

234

Pfosten

1 KH140/120

C24

0.140

0.120

0.514

0.5

0.01

215

3 3

1.06

0.11

23 24

93

3 3

4*D9

0.19

17 18

228

Auflagerplatte, BL10*140-S235

0.39

13 14

223

4*Spax-S_VG_SKØ8*260--1-GV Z-9.1-519

0.58

9 10

219

4 4

0.78

0.19

4 KH120/240 4 KH120/240

22

217

C24 C24

Sparren Sparren

21

219

4 KH120/240 4 KH120/240

212 213

16

216

Sparren Sparren

5 6

11

221

[cbm]

Sparren Sparren

12

223

[cbm]

208

7

204

[m]

Volumen

209

8

225

222

[m]

E-Vol

1 3

228

[m]

lfdm

2 4

228

Länge

0.01

453.5

10.46

213

214

212 211

205

209

202 210

Nr.

Pos.

Benennung

Profil

1

200

Unterzug

1 KH140/320

GL24

0.140

0.320

13.540

13.5

0.61

0.61

2

201

Gratsparren

4 KH200/320

Material

GL24h

Breite

0.200

Höhe

0.320

11.213

44.9

0.72

2.87

3

202

Stütze

2 KH200/300

GL24

0.200

0.300

6.721

13.4

0.40

0.81

4

203

Stütze

2 KH200/300

GL24

0.200

0.300

6.721

13.4

0.40

0.81

5

204

Stütze

1 KH200/300

GL24

0.200

0.300

5.077

5.1

0.30

0.30

6

205

Stütze

6 KH200/300

GL24

0.200

0.300

5.077

30.5

0.30

1.83

7

206

Pfette

4 KH100/300

GL24h

0.100

0.300

3.100

12.4

0.09

0.37

8

207

Pfette

4 KH160/240

GL24

0.160

0.240

14.100

56.4

0.54

2.17

9

231

Firstpfette

1 KH140/200

GL24h

0.140

0.200

4.967

5.0

0.14

0.14

10

232

Fusspfette

2 KH140/180

GL24h

0.140

0.180

4.827

9.7

0.12

203 213

215

Länge

[m]

lfdm

[m]

Volumen

[cbm]

[cbm] 4 4

Villaggio Piccolo main pavillion

27

217

E-Vol

[m]

204.2

0.24 10.14

HP Liste Stahlstütze

Stahlteile-Nettogew. - Hauptposition Benennung

HP1 ... 2 x ausführen

Nr.

Pos.

Stk.

Profil

1

141

Stütze

1 QRR200*8

Material S235

Breite 200.0

200.0

4827.3

226.8

2

151

Grundplatte

1 BL10*290

S235

10.0

290.0

290.0

6.6

[mm]

Höhe

Länge

E-Gew

[mm]

[mm]

[kg]

Gewicht [kg] 226.8 6.6

2

218

233.4

Stahlteile-Nettogew. - Hauptposition Pos.

Benennung

Stk.

Profil

Material

Breite

230

2

Nr.

HP2 ... 1 x ausführen

220

Stütze

1 QRR200*8

S235

Grundplatte

1 BL10*290

S235

1 BL10*140

S235

153

Auflagerplatte

1 BL10*100

S235

154

Steife

1 BL5*100

S235

Nr.

Pos.

Benennung

Stk.

Profil

141

Stütze

1 QRR200*8

S235

151

Grundplatte

1 BL10*290

S235

Auflagerplatte

5

154

Steife

3

153

223 232

1 BL10*140

228

224

1

100

Auflagerplatte

4

[kg]

227

[kg]

200.0

4827.3

226.8

226.8

10.0

290.0

290.0

6.6

6.6

10.0

140.0

430.0

4.7

10.0

100.0

140.0

1.1

5.0

100.0

100.0

0.2

228 Breite

Material

1 2

152

[mm]

Gewicht

228

4.7

NH/BSH-Bauteile (Brutto)

228

1.1 0.2 239.4

228

228

HP3 ... 1 x ausführen

20

5650

[mm]

E-Gew

200.0

[mm]

224

S235 225

207

Höhe

Länge

[mm]

[mm]

228

Gewicht

[kg]

[kg]

200.0

4827.3

226.8

226.8

10.0

290.0

290.0

6.6

6.6

140.0

200 430.0

10.0

227

E-Gew

200.0

4.7

4.7234

1 BL10*100

S235

10.0

100.0

140.0

1.1

1.1

1 BL5*100

S235

5.0

100.0

100.0

0.2

0.2

222

233

229

224

226

204 223

239.4 220

E

221

219 217

216

218 5650

200 ff.

218

219

220

F

216

4

2800

5

5

5650

Änderung

Datum

211 206

213

215

4 KH120/240 4 KH120/240

Sparren

4 KH120/240

214

Sparren

4 KH120/240

215

Sparren

4 KH120/240

9

216

Sparren

4 KH120/240

10

217

Sparren

4 KH120/240

11

218

Sparren

4 KH120/240

12

219

Sparren

4 KH120/240

13

220

Sparren

4 KH120/240

14

221

Sparren

4 KH120/240

15

222

Sparren

4 KH120/240

16

223

Sparren

4 KH120/240

17

224

Sparren

4 KH120/240

18

225

Sparren

19

226

Stellbrett

20

227

Sparren

2 KH80/200

21

228

Sparren

10 KH80/200

4 KH120/240 4 KH19/214

22

229

Sparren

1 KH80/200

23

230

Sparren

1 KH80/200

24

233

Füllholz

2 KH80/120

25

234

Pfosten

1 KH140/120

Nr.

Pos.

Benennung

1

200

Unterzug

1 KH140/320

2

201

Gratsparren

4 KH200/320

3

202

Stütze

2 KH200/300

4

203

Stütze

2 KH200/300

5

204

Stütze

1 KH200/300

6

205

Stütze

7

206

Pfette

8

207

Pfette

9

231

Firstpfette

10

232

Fusspfette

Profil

6 KH200/300 4 KH100/300 4 KH160/240 1 KH140/200 2 KH140/180

Blatt :

Main Restaurant

219

Stk.

27

217 Zeichnung

12al002_libanon

28.03.2012 Zust

203

216

Auftrag

6

Sparren Sparren

213

7 8

NH/BSH-Bauteile (Brutto)

205

211

Benennung

226

Norm

212

6

205

Italian Restaurante

T. Brand 214

Gepr.

4

211

5

Profil

202 210

209

202 206

Alamco Beirut

Bauherr Bauort

Name

28.03.2012

206

1 20

212 Datum Bearb.

1:50

Maßstab:

205

A 3

4 KH120/240

4

Stk.

208

1

20

210

Wächtersbacher Weg 10, D-63619 Bad Orb Tel. / Fax +49 (0)6052-7685 / 900954

2

4 KH120/240

Sparren

209

210

203

209

kw-holz

4 KH120/240

Sparren

210

212 206

208

Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH

Sparren

209

213

212 18800

213

211

C

1

Benennung

208

3

214

205

B

Pos.

2

93

215

D

Nr. 1

215

214

217

E

225

222

221

5

D

228

Länge

228

Stahlteile-Nettogew. - Hauptposition

3

00

Auflagerplatte

4 5

4700

225

0

223

152

228

5

207 226

221

219

216

214

200

218 Bl.

Name

220

221

222

6

1

20

225

205

222

5650

207 226

221

219

216

214

210

212

205

208

211

213

215

207 226

217

207

224

218

223

220

212

210

208

205

141 151

3

222

[mm]

1 2

Höhe

208

206

[m]

205

211

232

Stk.

209

1

20

Stütze, QRR200*8-S235

Holzliste GL24 und GL24h NH/BSH-Bauteile (Brutto)

209

231

208

1

20

2800

225

0

223

224

5650

14100

B

C

D

E

Abbunddaten: 00003.bvn; Pos. 200 ff.

1

2

3 4

12

B u i l di n g & Co | M AY 2013

5 6

Execution plans & 3D structural drawings 1

1

4320 3390

2

0

2

F

4700

8430

E

4700

5650

2800 0 3111

C

5650

3

3

0

D

0

1

1

B 8580

5650

2800 31110

8580

A

5650

B

8430

5650

C

2800

D

A

5650

31110

E

B

2

8580

4700

8430

2

D

3

E

Beams position

F

A

excerpt

8580

4700

F

C

3 A

excerpt

Beams position

Spax-S_VG_SKØ8*300--1-GV DIN10519

60

Spax-S_VG_SKØ8*300--1-GV DIN10519

160 20

7450 6850

6 E

60 160

0 First 590

50 74 50 68

4320 3390

20

7450 6850

20

43

90

2 00 47 0 35 10

3 4

3500

50 56

0 First 590

0

1´

4320

excerpt

D´

10080

3230

3390

0

14100

E

D

C

B

C`

B`

A´

5650

2800

5650

excerpt

3500 3350

2´

33

0

F 30

84

320

4

0

2

0

00

47

339

E

56

0

35

3

10

st

50

0

4

Fir

1´

3500

2´

3350

00

t 59

Firs

3230

excerpt

10080

D´

3500

C`

00

t 59

Firs

8580

B

31110

C

2800

0 1880

2800 5650

5

5650

D

0 745 0 685

D

1

4700

3

E

3230

A´

F

B`

Bauherr

Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH

Wächtersbacher Weg 10, D-63619 Bad Orb Tel. / Fax +49 (0)6052-7685 / 900954

Bauort Datum Bearb.

7000

33500 3500

0

1´

12al002_libanon

22.03.2012 Zust

Änderung

Datum

Name

1:50

4

Alamco Beirut

Italian Restaurante

dimetry Zeichnung

Blatt :

depiction

1 Bl.

Name

3500

800

B

31110

C

3

5650

5650

2´

2

4700 8580

dimetry

7000

1´

A 2800

18

2800 5650

4 5

5650

D

8430

6

E

7450 6850

6

F

E

subtraction

50 74 50 68

4320 3390

20

43

90

33

0

5650

rpt

5650

2800

0

14100

B

E

D

C

F 30

84

E st

Fir

50

56

00

59

0 80

2

D

10

1

31

C

50

56

B

0 745 0 685

80

85

1 4700

A

5650

0

432

2

0

0

2800

18800

3

339

5650

4

35

6

50

33

32

7000

1´

2´

B`

A´

3500

1

C`

0

08

10

30

0

D´

00

5

dimetry 3500

3´

2

4700

3

5650 0

2800

1880

4

5

5650 8430

Bu il din g & Co | M AY 2013

6 F

subtraction

kw-holz

Maßstab: Bauherr

Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH

Wächtersbacher Weg 10, D-63619 Bad Orb Tel. / Fax +49 (0)6052-7685 / 900954

Bauort Datum Bearb.

22.03.2012

Gepr.

Name

B.Karnelka

1:50

Alamco Beirut

Benennung

Italian Restaurante

Norm

Auftrag

22.03.2012

12al002_libanon

Zeichnung

depiction

Blatt :

1 Bl.

5

Benennung

B.Karnelka

A

D´

2800

18800

3

1

2´

3´ excerpt

C`

22.03.2012

Gepr.

Norm

Auftrag

3500

10080

Maßstab:

8580

4700

3350

kw-holz

subtraction

B

0

5650

2

390

F

2

1

0

432

6

E

8430

3´

C

5650

8430

2´

3

2800 0 3111 4

5650

5650

B`

3500

7000

1´

2

4700

A

C`

0

08

10

A´

3500

1

dimetry

50

33

E

D´

00

35

6 30

5650

D´

5650

5

32

2´ 3´

0

5650

4

0

1´

7000

3500

3350 10080

0

2800

18800

F

3

dimetry

3500 3230

A

8430

0

B`

80

5650

2

C

85

4700

4320

D

0

11

31

B

E

D

C

1B

3390

A´

00

28

50

56

14100

0

7450 6850

C`

B`

A´

5650

excerpt

3500

50

56

00

59

5650

2800

13

3500

3´

LAW REGULATION

Fa d i M o gh a izel

S en i o r Pa r tn er - M o g h a i zel L aw O ffi c e

Lebanon’s Offshore Petroleum Activities and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

Lebanon’s Offshore Petroleum Activities Petroleum activities, whether onshore or offshore, are those activities that aim to find oil and natural gas; extract it, process it, transport it, refine it, and deliver it to consumers. Petroleum activities include drilling, construction, installation and operation of a facility, followed by the decommissioning, dismantling and removal of a pipeline.

Lebanon is moving steadily towards starting exploration activities in the waters located within its maritime boundaries, and has made significant progress both on the regulatory and the operational fronts with respect to the launching of its offshore petroleum activities.

On 24 August 2010, Lebanon enacted the Offshore Petroleum Resources Law no. 132 (“Law 132”) to regulate Lebanon’s offshore petroleum activities.

On 7 November 2012, the Lebanese Cabinet named the Petroleum Sector Administration Agency (Petroleum Administration). The six-member Petroleum Administration has a wide range of prerogatives and powers with respect to the administration of various aspects of the oil and gas sector.

The Petroleum Administration includes the following six units: • The Strategic Planning Unit • The Technical and Engineering Unit • The Geological and Geophysical Unit • The Legal Affairs Unit • The Economic and Financial Affairs Unit • The Quality, Health, Safety and Environment Unit

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Law 132 is implemented through decrees issued by the Council of Ministers. The government and the Petroleum Administration are actively working on the timely enactment of comprehensive regulations that will pave the way for the launching of tendering, exploration, development, and exploitation activities.

On the operational side, the pre-qualification process for the 1st Offshore Lebanon Licensing Round opened in mid-February 2013. Later in the year, there will be a shortlisting of consortiums that will be authorized to submit formal applications for licenses and proposals to Lebanon’s Petroleum Administration.

The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea Maritime boundaries are governed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) which was signed in Montego Bay (Jamaica), and came into effect on November 16, 1994.

UNCLOS is an international treaty that provides a regulatory framework for the use of the world’s seas and oceans, inter alia, to ensure the conservation and equitable usage of resources and the marine environment and to ensure the protection and preservation of the living resources of the sea.

UNCLOS also addresses such other matters as sovereignty, rights of usage in maritime zones, and navigational rights. As of 23 January 2013, 165 states ratified and acceded to UNCLOS. Lebanon and Cyprus are parties to UNCLOS, but not Syria and Israel.

UNCLOS divides maritime areas as follows: Internal

Photo © Michel El Esta

LAW REGULATION

Refineries in the Middle East.

waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. The other areas are part of the high seas.

Territorial sea and contiguous zone The sovereignty of a coastal state such as Lebanon extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea. This sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as to its bed and subsoil.

Every state has the right to define the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with UNCLOS which are the low-water line along the coast.

A state is entitled to exercise full sovereignty over its territorial sea, including rights to natural resources and rights to exploit hydrocarbon resources.

Adjacent the territorial sea ‘contiguous zones’ which may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. In such zones, the coastal state may exercise the control necessary to (a) prevent infringement upon its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea; and (b) punish infringement of the above laws and regulations committed within its territory or territorial sea.

Exclusive economic zone and continental shelf The exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea. It extends to an area not exceeding 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.

In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal state enjoys sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water.

Such rights extend to oil and gas activities, including constructing and operating artificial islands, installations and structures, drilling, and laying pipelines.

The continental shelf of a coastal state comprises the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance.

The continental margin comprises the submerged prolongation of the land mass of the coastal state, and

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LAW REGULATION

consists of the seabed and subsoil of the shelf, the slope and the rise. It does not include the deep ocean floor with its oceanic ridges or the subsoil thereof.

Maritime delimitation between opposite and adjacent states There are three areas that require delimitation between opposite states (e.g. Lebanon-Cyprus) and adjacent states (e.g. Lebanon-Syria and Lebanon-Israel): • The territorial sea; • the exclusive economic zone; and • the continental shelf.

Where the coasts of two states are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither of the two states is entitled, failing agreement between them to the contrary, to extend its territorial sea beyond the median line, every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the two states is measured.

The above provision does not apply, however, where it is necessary by reason of historic title or other special circumstances to delimit the territorial seas of the two states in a way which is at variance therewith. This

Photo © Michel El Esta

Refineries in the Middle East.

means that areas of overlapping territorial sea are to be divided by the median or equidistance line method, unless variation is required by historic title or special circumstances.

The delimitation rule laid down by Article 15 of UNCLOS means that opposing or adjacent states must draw the boundary of their territorial waters at a median line, unless historic title or special circumstances prescribes otherwise. Special circumstances can be the proportionality of relevant coasts (length of fronting coastlines), navigational and security considerations.

The delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between states with opposite or adjacent coasts is effected by agreement on the basis of international law in order to achieve an equitable solution. If no agreement is reached specific settlement of disputes procedures apply. The same rule applies to the delimitation of the continental shelf between states with opposite or adjacent coasts.

The methodology to delimit the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf is first to determine the median or equidistance line and then to consider whether there are any relevant factors required to be taken into account in order to achieve an equitable result.

The equidistance line is the line every point of which is equidistant to the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the two states is measured.

Once the equidistance line is identified, the second step is to examine whether there are circumstances to depart from that line to reach an equitable solution.

This approach has recognized that equidistance can be applied to territorial sea and to delimit the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf with provision for special circumstances in accordance with Articles 74 and 83 of UNCLOS. Such circumstances include the geography of the coastal situation and the geological structures.

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Photo © Michel El Esta

LAW REGULATION

Oil and gas discoveries prompt governments to accelerate the finalisation of their maritime boundaries and to settle their disputes. This has not always been successful and numerous maritime boundaries between states remain unresolved.

Pending agreement on delimitation, the states must make efforts to enter into provisional arrangements.

This can include joint development agreements for hydrocarbons exploitation in contested maritime boundary areas.

Oil and gas companies will look for legal certainty by committing their resources in areas confirmed by way of an undisputed treaty, a judgement or an arbitral award.

Operating in disputed water will necessarily involve economic and commercial risks and companies will have to mitigate such risks by undertaking a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the legal configuration of the host state’s maritime boundaries and seeking contractual assurances from the host state.

Lebanon’s Maritime Boundaries Lebanon has delimited its maritime boundaries under UNCLOS by enacting law no. 163 of 18 August 2011 entitled ‘Determination and Declaration of the Maritime Areas of the Republic of Lebanon’ (‘Law 163’).

Under Law 163, Lebanon’s (i) baseline, (ii) internal waters, (iii) territorial waters (12 nautical miles from the baseline), (iii) contiguous zone (as of the limit of the territorial waters and up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline), (iv) exclusive economic zone (200 nautical miles from the baseline) and (v) continental shelf (200 nautical miles from the baseline) have all been delimited.

On 1 October 2011, Lebanon enacted Decree no. 6433 delimiting the Lebanese exclusive economic zone in accordance with lists of geographical coordinates leading to the determination of the western median line with Cyprus, the northern median line with Syria and the southern media line with Palestine. This is a unilateral delimitation under UNCLOS that becomes final

only when it is officially recognized by neighbouring countries.

Refineries in the Middle East.

Lebanon and Cyprus have reached an agreement on the determination of their respective maritime borders in 2007, but such agreement is yet to be ratified by the Lebanese parliament.

In December 2010, Israel and Cyprus reached an agreement on their maritime boundaries. Lebanon protested against the Israel-Cyprus Maritime Agreement because the zone defined in the IsraelCyprus 2010 Agreement absorbs parts of Lebanon’s exclusive economic zone. The disputed area extends over approximately 850 square kilometres.

Reaching an agreement with Syria has not been possible so far due to the circumstances prevailing in that country since March 2011.

As for Israel, reaching an agreement or applying for a ruling is not an option since Lebanon does not recognize Israel. Diplomatic mediation by a third party could be an appropriate solution mechanism, but visible concrete steps have yet to be made in this regard.

Despite the uncertainty that lingers over the delimitation of the maritime borders between Lebanon and Syria, and between Lebanon and Israel, oil and gas companies are expected to show sustained interest in Lebanon’s hydrocarbons’ prospects in the months and years to come.

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Yo u ssef Abilla ma CEO M ainte nanc e M anage me nt G ro u p s .a.l.

Facility Management Facility Management (FM) is a massive industry globally, worth many billions of dollars. Yet it remains a rather mysterious concept for many people, who do not really know or understand it. The things that we take for granted when walking through any shopping mall, bank, educational institution, office block or hospital - the clean floors, direction signs, the right temperature and the smart security guards – are all the result of effective FM. The industry is already well developed in North America and Europe, and the Middle East is now beginning, slowly, to catch up. A report last year by the international research and consultancy firm Frost & Sullivan estimated that the GCC facility management market is worth some US$ 4.2 billion and is expected to rise to US$ 9 billion by 2014. The global market is expected to reach US$ 395 billion by 2017.

Total Facility Management

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NG SAVI

MEP MAINTENANCE

SUBCONTRACTOR MANAGEMENT

ENERGY MANAGEMENT

VALUE-ADDED SERVICES

ALL IN A HE ALT HY A ND SA F E E NVIRON M ENT

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TOTAL FACILITIES MANAGEMENT

There are many formal definitions of Facility Management, but perhaps one of the simplest is the one adopted by CEN, the European Committee for Standardisation, and ratified by BSI British Standards, which states: “Facilities management is the integration of multidisciplinary activities within the built environment and the management of their impact upon people and the workplace”.

It is the responsibility of facility managers to provide and maintain a host of services – their work begins at the concept and design stages right through to the operational and maintenance aspects of a project, followed by management and of course energy efficiency. A total FM company can provide a whole range of services, including maintenance, building repairs, catering, cleaning, security, landscaping, energy savings and monitoring, support staff outsourcing, building services procurement and even parking management. See the Total Facility Management Mind Map for a visual display of the possible service scenarios.

FM is an essential, but often unseen, service. Many people only tend to think about facility management when something goes wrong – the bins aren’t cleared, the grass hasn’t been cut, or the AC stops working.

FM optimises the best functionality of the facility under management in the most cost effective way, and is carried out via established procedures and the appropriate use of technology with the right human and material resources.

Used effectively, FM combines a variety of services: preventive maintenance services, designed to increase the life of the assets through regular and systematic inspection and maintenance of all equipments; corrective maintenance, often through a 24-hour integrated CAFM helpdesk; managing and/or providing all hard or soft property related services; as well as value added engineering or IT consultancy facility management aimed at design, handing over, operation or renovation.

The word facility in FM is a generic term used to describe any given ‘space’. The list of facilities is huge it could be an educational institution, a shopping mall, a residential compound, a restaurant, a hospital requiring the most specialist services, a bank or an office tower.

Pretty much every facility needs managing in some way or another.

The FM company is there to provide a service which betters the occupants’ lives – in terms of safety, cleanliness, security, reliability, efficiency, and economy.

It also enhances the environmental-friendliness of the facility and makes it healthier, more enjoyable, creative, and innovative.

Traditionally, most FM responsibilities were handled inhouse – but as the services required grew in complexity, companies came to realize the huge advantages of outsourcing. A total FM provider will optimize the facility’s functionality in the most cost effective way, thus lowering the client’s operating costs from 10% to 30%. These savings grow exponentially when further combined with energy reduction measures.

The savings are only part of the added value. A proper Total FM contract includes numerous non-financial benefits including: • long standing expertise – the client doesn’t need to spend time making mistakes in order to get the perfect solution, the FM company has all the tried and tested basic procedures already in place; • access to experts - the FM company already has access to trusted “experts” such as engineers, technicians endowed with many specialties (low current, electrical, heating and ventilation, sanitary, carpenters, civil works), service supervisors (cleaning, security, landscaping etc), HR managers and contract administrators, health and safety auditors, etc.

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Gensets, HVAC, Electrical devices, sanitary, etc

• Increased health, safety and environment compliance - businesses that need to run at zero percent downtime have an added safety net when dealing with a good FM company which will manage fire drills and evacuation exercises and ensure the adoption of the most effective measures; • Crisis management and disaster recovery plans – the FM company will draw up detailed continuity and recovery plans so that the client is ready for any unforeseen disasters; • Asset registry – the FM company’s Computerised Maintenance Management System (CMMS) allows for accurate asset registry (through bar coding of every piece of equipment), data logging and history thus giving client all the information needed to analyze all aspects of the performed activities; • Saved time - underpinning all of this is that outsourced FM allows the clients to focus on their own business, rather than the running of the facility they work in.

etc.

Electromechanical maintenance

Facility Requirements.

The FM industry is there, basically, to make any facility a better place. FM touches us all in every part of our daily lives, even those we are not aware of of. Now is a very exciting time for the FM industry in the Middle East, and its importance is only set to increase.

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Photo Š Michel El Esta

S a la m L t eif

Ele ct r i c a l E n g i n eer - A p ave

LED Lighting Solutions A General Overview

There have been great leaps in lighting techniques in the past decades, from the traditional incandescent to halogen to fluorescents lights, the next technology being Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

Driven by booming energy prices, more stringent building regulations, and the need to provide more efficient lighting solutions, LED technology is currently on the edge of a future market revolution. The McKinsey 2012 edition of “Lighting the way Perspectives on the global lighting market “ indicates that the market is on a clear transition path from traditional lighting technologies to LED; LED’s share of the lighting market is estimated to rise to 45 percent in 2016 and close to 70 percent in 2020.

The aim of this article is to present a general overview of the advantages of LED lighting, describe LED lights and luminaires, and outline possible applications of LED lighting.

Advantages of LED lighting

compared with 10 % for traditional incandescent lighting. This represents significant cost advantages to consumers and reduced greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Other advantages include: • Longer lifetime, some LEDs can operate for up to 100 000 hours (depending on the quality of the diode and the application), in comparison with an approximate 25 000 hours for fluorescent tubes, 10000 hours for compact fluorescent lamps and 1000 hours for incandescent lights.

• Reduced maintenance costs by avoiding additional material and labor costs related to the periodic luminaires replacement.

• The possibility of light integration into various luminaire shapes and designs, especially through the application of organic LED technologies with homogenous surface light panels providing diffused lighting output.

• LED lights are much more robust and resistant to vibration than other light bulbs available on the market.

Typical lifetime of several lighting technologies

110% 100% Lumen Outup(%)

Lighting significantly affects how we feel. Light plays a very important role in creating a healthy environment, a well-lit space being essential for living. Daylight could be one of the most desirable lighting sources for indoor spaces, but daylight alone is not sufficient, hence artificial light is needed to produce the desirable amount of light.

100 W Incandescent 5mm LED 42W CFL 50 W Tungsten Halide 400 W Metal Halide 25 W T8 Florescent Lighting-class LED

90% 80% 70% 60%

There are many advantages to LED lighting over traditional lighting technologies, the most important being efficiency. LED lights offer 90 % efficiency,

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Left A light emitting diode (LED) Right Example of a LED lamp spectral flux output

Spectral Flux (mW/nm)

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• LEDs are compact in size, which facilitates their use in a variety of indoor and outdoor decorative applications.

• LEDs produce a variety of colors, thus providing increased lighting efficiency.

• LED light sources do not color-shift when dimmed; hence a user can vary the brightness of a lighting fixture while maintaining a consistent color temperature.

There are also disadvantages associated with the use of LEDs; for example, some studies have indicated that fluorescent lights, especially T5 tubes, perform better than LED lights in terms of lumen output per Watt. A T5 lamp could provide a maximum initial output of 100 lumen/W, while LED lights for indoor applications provide an average of 80 lumen/W approximately. However looking over the industry technology improvement, it is expected that LED lights will achieve an efficiency of around 220 lumen/W by the year 2020, thus overtaking all other available lighting technologies.

Furthermore other drawbacks such as voltage sensitivity or temperature dependence are being overcome due to technology improvements.

LED lamps The purpose of this article is neither to describe the LED technology and operation nor the LED manufacturing process; however we will present an overview of the current state of the art in LED manufacturing and try to understand the color output of a LED lamp.

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IR

A typical LED lamp is a solid-state semiconductor material that uses light-emitting diodes as the source of light. LEDs, as with all semiconductor devices, have different materials and manufacturing processes which result in products with varying levels of performance and light output.

When an LED is switched on, electrons recombine with electron holes within the semiconductor releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light that corresponds to the energy of the photon, is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. The figure above is an example of a InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) semiconductor material LED spectral flux output which has absence of UV and has minimal IR wavelengths.

Researchers in LED manufacturing are striving to provide products that ensure LED color uniformity with a tight chromaticity specification in order to obtain a consistent light output over the useful life of the lamp. Latest technologies in LED lamps manufacturing employs specified techniques of LED color binning process based on a LED mixing technique.

LEDs can be characterized in various parameters; the two most important relate to visual perception, and are color and flux. These parameters are collected as part of the LED component manufacturing process and are the basis for the component binning technique.

In order to understand the luminous flux color output we should refer to the following figure that presents

a version of the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, that is a mathematical model for color perception. Pure or saturated colors are located around the perimeter of the paraboloid and white light is located at its center.

The binning technique is based on mixing LED with certain color bins related to defined chromaticity coordinates. This binning technique offers consistent characterization of the manufactured LED product which allows excellent color consistency and manufacturing repeatability.

Similarly, other technologies, such as phosphor based LEDs, are available on the market, where LEDs are covered with phosphor coating of a different color in order to obtain a white color output. Or even organic light - emitting diodes (OLEDs) where the electroluminescent material is made up of an emissive organic compound layer.

Furthermore available LED lamps on the market are produced in various sizes, shapes and wattages that range from miniature, mid-range to high power LED lamps, depending on the required application. Thus the LED’s efficiency, color output, lifetime could vary based on specific criteria and requirements.

LED luminaires An LED luminaire consists of LED modules, ballast or driver where applicable, heat-sink for thermal management, fixture and optical reflectors. A lamp or luminaire with integrated ballast can be connected to the supply mains directly, whereas a non-integrated ballast lamp is to be connected to the supply mains via a separate driver.

LED luminaires provided with separate drivers could have several benefits related to power supply quality, placement of the LED drivers and power distribution units in inaccessible spaces or other dimming requirements. On the other hand the integrated ballast type luminaire lamp provides remarkable advantages specially related to typical households incandescent bulbs replacement.

LED drivers are integrated into different types of electronic circuits. These generally consist of a full wave rectifier stage followed by a DC to DC switching converter that provides a regulated constant output current. In fact the brightness of LEDs is a function of the current flow, and LEDs have a typical threshold voltage of 3.4V, with a variation from 2.8 to 4.2V. Left CIE chromaticity diagram Right High power LEDs can have an efficiency of 140 lumen/w Down LED driver

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Left Ceiling mounted LED luminaire Middle Ambient and task lighting in an office space Right LED lights in cove lighting applications

The LED modules are usually connected in series, presenting the power supply with a CC (constantcurrent)-drive requirement across a potentially wide application of voltage range based on the manufacturer’s design parameters. Selecting an LED driver is generally related to the specified electrical parameters, such as values of input and output voltage range, output current, total harmonic distortion (THD), power factor, efficiency…

Another criterion for selecting an LED luminaire is to check the integration of the LED modules within the luminaire. Integral LED modules are not replaceable after integration into the LED luminaire whereas built-in LED modules could be exchanged in future without affecting the luminaire itself, thus providing an enhanced improvement for integration of future technologies with better properties into the luminaires itself, such luminaires are commonly described as “future proof”.

Applications of LED lighting LEDs are used in various applications such as aviation lighting, automotive lighting, street lighting, advertising, traffic signals, and general lighting. LEDs are also used in backlighting for TVs and laptop displays and many other electronic applications. The following is an overview of main LED applications in building design and construction.

Indoor applications: The quality of light in any design application requires a constant balance of many factors, including lighting

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levels and lighting uniformity, color rendering, color temperature (warm or cool light) etc...

In order to provide sufficient illumination for creating a comfortable visual environment and increased occupant comfort, many lighting designers recommend a layered approach to lighting design such as ambient, task, focal, and decorative.

This approach could be easily satisfied using LED lighting solutions; in fact LED systems provide a wide variety of indoor lighting solutions ranging for direct and indirect lighting, cove lighting, accent and decorative lighting, to task lighting.

In addition many LED lighting solutions combine channels of cool, neutral, and warm white LEDs to offer a range of adjustable color temperature outputs with a simple control device. By adjusting the lighting color temperature the user can easily alter the lighting effect of a space, and dramatically affect the appearance of objects on display in stores, galleries, and museums for example.

Façade, Outdoor Lighting and Street Lighting Façade lighting is generally related to the permanent illumination of a structure by night in order to outline the building’s architectural features, and improve the overall aesthetic without affecting the building’s general appearance. In addition façade designers have to contend with energy efficiency requirements to ensure that light is not wasted by over-illumination, either by illuminating vacant spaces unnecessarily or by

providing more light than needed for aesthetics.

LED use in faรงade lighting constitutes a major improvement over traditional floodlighting solutions such as metal halide luminaires. In fact LED solutions that are available in flexible LED strips, or dynamically colored LED modules, could be used in specific locations for accent lighting or even for building contour lighting which results in a unique lighting effect and creates a 3D impression for the building. Furthermore LED solutions provide high efficiency lighting with a longer lifetime thus less operational and maintenance costs. This is why LED technology is gaining appeal in building faรงade lighting, and is currently overtaking other traditional lighting approaches.

On another hand, when speaking about outdoor and street lighting, LED lighting solutions prove to be extremely interesting, especially when used with photovoltaic panels in rural areas. Street lighting and outdoor parking area LED luminaires are available at light output levels that could reach 40 000 lumens, equivalent to or exceeding lighting levels produces by typical high pressure sodium and metal halide lighting systems, with an expected lifetime of around 100 000 hours.

constant flux program and a dimming system makes it possible to achieve energy savings that can reach 75% compared with HID luminaires.

YAS hotel LED faรงade lighting, Abu Dhabi

Finally it is necessary to note that future technology improvements and the expected decrease in price will play a major role in LEDs penetration into the general lighting market, from households to offices and retail space, LED lights will be changing the way we look at lighting solutions.

Street lighting using LED luminaires

A typical high-pressure sodium lamp only loses - on average - 5% of its flux during its whole lifetime which can be estimated at 16,000 hours, that is to say 4 years of use. A standard metal halide lamp loses 30 to 40% of its flux during its estimated 2 year lifetime. Thus we can clearly understand the advantages of LED lighting, which, when provided with drivers working with a Bu il din g & Co | M AY 2013

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Photo Š Michel El Esta

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The Case for the Establishment of

Real Estate Investment Companies The current state of the Real Estate markets Lebanon’s real estate markets have been in a state of crisis for almost three years now, with no signs of the improving anytime soon.. Supply is still very large in almost every segment of the residential market, which constitutes the bulk of the Lebanon’s real estate markets. What’s more, the general economic environment still seems unable to spur a healthy recovery based on fundamentals. The obvious lack of confidence of both operators and investors (whether institutional or private) is considerably limiting demand.

The government seems aware of the need to revive what has traditionally been one of the most dynamic sectors of the Lebanese economy. However, no coherent set of measures destined to encourage real estate investment has been devised yet. There has been talk of introducing a new capital appreciation tax on real estate transactions but so far no laws have been passed.

However, it is our feeling that one cannot solidly shore up the real estate markets without helping the emergence of a real rental market. This is particularly true for commercial real estate, which is traditionally a rental market in major markets all over the world. Also, if one judges by the roughly 20% rental rate in the housing sector, a real need arises for a similar solution in the residential sector.

Law 159 of 1992, released the rental contracts from their previous constraining bounds and it was in our

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opinion a major step towards the revival of rental markets. Unfortunately, it is obviously insufficient on its own, and nothing has been done since to modernize the fiscal policy related to the sector..

Current fiscal policy At the present time, real estate fiscal policy in Lebanon is limited to the following taxation: • The stamp duties: (‫ )رسوم التسجيل‬the buyer pays them on acquisition.

• The built property tax: (‫)الضريبة على األمالك المبنية‬. The owners of built properties pay it. It is calculated as a proportion of rental value.

• The municipal tax (‫)الضريبة البلدية‬: it is compounded with the sewer and sidewalk tax. It is normally paid by the occupant, whether owner or tenant.

• The Value Added Tax (VAT) for non residential rentals.

It is calculated on the value of the rent. Although most business recuperate the VAT, some tenants such as Banks cannot do so.

We are not taking construction taxes into account.

This fiscal policy clearly favors speculation, which is not taxed, against long-term investment. Indeed, as rental operations are heavily taxed, this encourages the quick transfer of built property. That situation is made even worse by the fact that many operators on the market rely on the transfer of “power of attorney” (Wakeleh) deeds, which exempts them from paying stamp duties.

The possible remedies Fiscal reform: It is our opinion that the real estate fiscal framework has to be drastically altered. This is necessary if one aims to correct market excesses and tip the balance in favor of long term investment in a market that has been focused on short term investments for years.

These goals can be achieved by implementing the following measures: • Considerably reducing the rate of the built property tax. This would improve rental yields and increase rental investments. Obviously, the increase of rented space will partially and maybe even totally compensate for the decrease in tax collection provoked by the rate decrease (this is also compounded by the fact that new rent levels are higher than older rents).

• Maintaining the current rates for stamp duties.

• Instituting a land tax on non-built property. This measure should facilitate land transactions. This will induce the sale of a larger number of land properties and therefore higher collections of stamp duties.

Preferential rates can then be applied to agricultural land or non-developable land depending on policy choices.

• Instituting a tax on real estate capital gains. This measure could more than compensate for the reduction in tax collection due to the reductions outlined above. Furthermore, this tax which can be

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progressive, should reduce uncontrolled speculation during market upswings. In this case also, rates can be modulated according to owner status or land characteristics. This possibility allows for more policy options on the part of the legislator.

These actions are currently more or less considered by the government. However, no precise schedule has been suggested yet.

Active support to income producing (rental) real estate investment: As important as the preceding measures will be if implemented, we believe in the need of going further and setting up a program of active support to long term rental real estate investing.

The beneficial effects of such an action will be numerous. Among them: • This policy should improve housing conditions for a large number of families who, for various reasons, are not yet ready to buy their own homes. These families should hence find housing options that suit their needs.

• This action should also encourage real estate operators to build housing intended for a less stable clientele than families (Students, young singles, 32

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foreign executives passing through, etc.) that currently has difficulty in finding suitable housing.

• Currently, Lebanese companies are forced to mobilize a large part of their capital in real estate because they cannot find suitable rental space. These companies could hence use the freed capital to develop their core activities, thus making them more efficient.

• Finally, if private investors find a financial interest in rental investment, they will be tempted to do so in order to diversify their portfolios thus bringing fresh capital to a sector that badly needs it.

It will be advisable to extend the benefits of such a policy to all types of potential investors in order to attract the largest amount of capital possible to the market. In order to achieve that, it is necessary to keep the door of rental real estate investment open to small investors. That is why we recommend the creation of collective investment vehicles, that will combine the advantages of both institutional investment and private investment.

Real Estate Investment Companies: These collective investment vehicles could take the form of companies that would invest their capital in income producing real estate, and after having deducted their operating expenses, transfer all the profits to the shareholders.

In the current state of the legislation, the type of company most adapted to real estate collective investment is the SAL. It has however a few drawbacks, most specifically its fiscal framework.

Indeed, the revenues of such a company would be taxed three times. First, the company would have to pay the tax on built property. Second, it would have to pay income tax on capital gains in case of asset sales, and third, all distributed dividends are subject to a deduction at the source.

their investment and on capital gains. The tax rates applied would be the same as those applied to direct real estate investment. Practically the ownership of PIC shares would be equivalent to the ownership of a material real estate asset.

It is obviously necessary that the PICs area of expertise be scrupulously respected, that these companies function properly and also that investors be protected from abuse. The following measures should therefore also be implemented:

In comparison to direct real estate investment, it is quite clear that this latter form is unattractive. In direct investment, revenues are only taxed once, through the built property tax.

• A minimum of 75% of company assets would have to be invested in actual income producing real estate.

• The company would be required to distribute all of its profits.

• The proportion of assets sold in any fiscal year would be limited to 20% of assets.

• The presidency of the PIC would have to be occupied by a professional Management Company, certified by the authorities. This company would have to meet a number of conditions: • It will present enough guaranties regarding the efficiency of its structure, the scope of its technical and financial abilities, the honorability, respectability and professionalism of its managers. (It could be required to be the subsidiary of a bank operating in Lebanon).

• Moreover, it will have the charge of keeping a registry where all share sale and purchase offers can be counted. This will enable it to put together all parties interested in making a transaction.

• The Management Company will have to commission every year an independent appraiser with the task of carrying out a valuation of all real estate assets in the PIC it is managing.

This situation creates a major hurdle to small investor access to real estate markets by submitting them to a different, much stiffer tax treatment than direct investors.

In order to guarantee equal tax treatment to all investors and promote capital flow to a major sector of the Lebanese economy, we urge the creation of a specialized type of collective real estate investment company. This type of company is already common in most major markets. (SCPI in France, REITs or Limited partnerships in the USA for example).

This new type of company, that we shall call Property Investment Company (PIC) could have the following characteristics: • Its legal and regulatory framework would essentially be that of the current SAL. • Its exclusive expertise would be the acquisition and management of an income producing real estate portfolio using money raised from the public.

• The company would benefit from fiscal transparency.

In other words, it would not be subjected to any taxation related to property ownership, and would be exonerated from income tax. Its shareholders (the investors) would then be taxed on revenues from

This form of investment has successfully proven itself in many international markets and is increasingly popular there. It is generally considered as the future of real estate investments and represents in our opinion an essential step in the revitalization of of Lebanon’s real estate markets.

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MEDICAL

C a mille Aiza ra n i M .D.

Hazardous Chemicals in Construction The construction site is dynamic and continuously changing; and with these changes new challenges emerge, especially in dealing with modern hazardous chemicals. If you were to ask a construction worker who’s long been in the business about hazardous chemicals on the construction site, the first substances that are likely to come to mind would be asbestos, lead, or silica…

However, modern hazardous chemicals may not all be known, and the risks associated with these substances can be life threatening.

What is a hazardous chemical?

A hazardous chemical is any harmful substance that can put the health and safety of both construction workers and end users (such as residents of a building) at risk.

They can exist in any form - liquid, solid, dust or gas.

Substances such as asbestos, synthetic mineral fibers, fiberglass, paint, solvents, glue, cement dust and exhaust fumes are critical in the construction industry and are present everywhere. These substances are necessary and unavoidable in the construction business; however they can become potentially hazardous if they were improperly handled.

Asbestos, one of the most traditional and well known hazardous chemical is still found in older buildings; but its use has been banned in more recent construction sites.

How do hazardous chemicals enter your body?

Substances on the construction site are most easily inhaled. Signs of inhaling a hazardous gas or vapor 34

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When does a chemical become hazardous?

Usually, common substances on the construction site are not potentially harmful, unless these substances: • • • •

Get under your skin Are eaten or drunk Are breathed in Are mixed with other substance and can become lethal • Are mistaken for other substance

usually manifest themselves as irritation in the nose or throat, however there may be no warning signs and these toxic substances may enter directly into the lungs or blood stream.

It is also possible that chemicals may be ingested or swallowed when a worker eats or smokes without washing his hands which have been contaminated with material containing chemicals such as lead-based paints.

Eating on site can be dangerous because toxic vapors that workers may not be aware of are always present and may contaminate meals or drinks.

The skin is another point of entry for toxic chemicals as these substances can be absorbed through the skin upon contact or even through the eyes’ mucous membranes.

MEDICAL

How can hazardous chemicals affect your health?

Hazardous chemicals are characterized as being corrosive, irritant, sensitizing, carcinogenic (cause cancer), mutagenic (causing genetic damage) and teratogenic (causing abnormalities of the fetus). These chemicals are extremely dangerous if not properly controlled and handled, leading to severe health problems such as poisoning, occupational asthma, suffocation, respiratory problems, internal organ damage, cancer and injuries such as severe burns, skin irritation, disfigurement, neurological injury, and birth defects.

Health problems resulting from contact with toxic substances can be acute (short-term) or chronic (lasting for years or a lifetime) and can affect the construction worker’s quality of life, or lead to lifetime disability.

In many cases, workers may not realize that they have been dealing with a hazardous chemical until they begin to manifest some of these signs: • Vomiting • Diarrhea • Stomach pain • Inflammation • Rashes • Headaches • Burns

Rusty fuel and chemical drums.

If workers exhibit any of these signs, they should see a doctor immediately.

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MEDICAL

Some hazardous chemicals and their potential health effects

Exposure can lead to

Zinc • metal fume fever Is used in the manufacture of brass, galvanized metals.

Fumes are produced when metals coated with zinc are cut or welded.

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Cadmium Is used as a coating for steel to prevent rusting and as an alloying element

Short-term exposure: • severe lung irritation, • pulmonary edema • death Long-term exposure: • emphysema • damage to the kidneys

Beryllium

Short-term exposure:

Is used as an alloying element.

• chemical pneumonia Long-term exposure: • shortness of breath • chronic cough • weight loss • fatigue and • general weakness

Iron Oxide Iron is used as an alloying element in manufacturing steel. Iron oxide toxic fumes are produced during welding.

• irritation of nasal passages, throat, and lungs

Mercury Is used to coat metals to prevent rust or prevent growth of marine paints. Mercury vapors are produced under intense heat.

• stomach pain • diarrhea • kidney damage or • respiratory failure Long-term exposure: • tremors • emotional instability and • hearing damage.

Lead Upon welding or cutting of alloys or metals painted with lead-based paint lead oxide fumes are produced.

• lead poisoning.

Lead affects the brain, central nervous system, circulatory system, reproductive system, kidneys, and muscles.

MEDICAL Important signs to pay attention to on containers and construction material

How to manage hazardous substances on a construction site?

Employers, self-employed workers and contractors are liable to conduct a risk assessment for all hazardous chemicals on site. A brief self-inspection guideline has been issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). However, these guidelines only provide a preliminary assessment, and if uncontrolled exposure to hazardous chemicals is indicated, a more extensive risk assessment would be needed.

Furthermore, workers are urged to always read the labels of containers they use and be cautious of containers that do not have any labels; it is suggested that such containers not be used at all. Two containers that look identical may not contain the same substance. Danger symbols on the labels of containers are especially important and indicate the possible hazards and properties of the chemicals within them; these may be poisonous, flammable, explosive, corrosive or irritant. Smoking is prohibited when handling flammable chemicals

Man in a protective outerwear suit.

Eliminating the presence of hazardous substances is not possible in the construction sector; therefore the risks should be reduced and controlled to the highest extent possible by other means such as personal protective equipment (PPE), air monitoring procedures, housekeeping procedures, hygiene practices and training.

Workers should be trained and informed about the health risks of toxic substances, control measures, use of PPE, and the importance of continuous health surveillance.

PPEs such as: • • • • •

gloves

eye protection protective clothing rubber boots or respirators

may be needed prior to handling any potentially harmful chemicals.

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J essic a B o u Ta n io s Jo u rnalist

Setting Up A Baked Floor

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Photo Š Michel El Esta

Uniform heat distribution, efficiency, low operation cost and freedom in interior decoration. With these qualities in mind, Mr. Jean-Pierre Melki, general-manager at Cotrac sarl, introduced us to the Under-Floor Heating (UFH)

System. This technique which was first used by Romans has now evolved into modern systems applied all over the world, and increasingly in Lebanon as well.

LOOP No.

5

LOOP No.

4

ROOM No.

6

ROOM No.

6

COLLECTOR

B

COLLECTOR

B

AXIS

CM

10

AXIS

CM

10

LENGTH

M

110

LENGTH

M

100

Dressing

Bath

Bedroom

Planning is the first and initial step during which are indicated the number of loops in each room, the length of pipes, the collector needed, etc..

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1 Phases of pipes installation 1 On the field, the first condition is to have a concrete floor, leveled and clean.

- A thermal insulation layer is then applied to the floor. It consists of extruded polystyrene with a thickness of 2.5 cm.

- The usage of a vapor barrier and reflector (Aluminum foil) is also needed in order to reflect the heat upwards.

- Lined Clips are fixed into the floor.

- Pipes are then ready to be installed.

The types usually used are Polypropylene, Pex and Pex/Al/Pex, with a diameter of 16 or 18 mm.

Polypropylene is reparable, while Pex/Al/Pex is not. Despite that, some people choose it because they believe it has more heat dissipation, according to Melki.

- Next, peripheral insulation and expansion joints on the sides are installed, in order to avoid the expansion of the floor when temperature rises.

2

2 The floor is then leveled using a laser technique.

3 Screed is applied, including plasticizer and fiber mech.

4 Finally, the floor is left to dry ready for tile installation.

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c d

e

f

g

h

a b

i

Thermal regulation

1

1

Three methods are used to regulate the temperature in a floor heating system: c

1 Zone regulation: consisting of one room thermostat connected to one zone thermostat which will control all the distributor.

Picture captions: a- Supply Pipe Fusiotechnik b- Return Pipe Fusiotechnik c- Zone Thermostat d- Electric Zone Valve Art. 94202 e- Manual Command Valve f- Air Vent g- Regulation Valve h- Fixation Brackets i- Pipe Valutechnik

d

e g

f a h

b

2

Hydraulic & electrical connections to the mixing group UM3 - Climatic regulation 4

5

2 Room regulation: consisting of one thermostat for each room controlling each circuit by itself.

Picture captions: a- Supply Pipe Fusiotechnik b- Return Pipe Fusiotechnik c- Room Thermostat (for each room) d- Thermo-Electric head Art. 94150 e- Air Vent f- Regulation Valve g- Fixation Brackets h- Pipe Valutechnik

3 Appliance VTC, to which you should connect 1- 3-way valve with servomotor 2- Circulation pump 3- Immersion delivery probe 4- External probe at m 2,50 Northern side 5- Safety thermostat (suggested)

Differential by-pass

2

3 Automatic heat control which consists of sensors inside and outside set to a specific temperature.

1

Electrical line for power supply

Radiators or bathroom radiators

Collector for heater high/low temperature

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3

Water leakage What if a water leak is discovered in one of the heating loops under the flooring?

This is a frequently asked question in the floor heating field, the answer and solution to which are simple: In order to detect the leakage, a thermal imaging inspection is performed.

Since every loop covers about 17 square meters, all other loops are closed and water with a temperature of 80 degrees is diffused in the damaged one. A thermal camera is used to precisely locate the heat source and repair the pipe.

28.8oC 28

Sp1. Temperature 23.0oC Sp2. Temperature 29.0oC Dt1 -5.9

26

24

22 21oC

Under-floor heating systems reduce diesel expenses because the temperature required for floor heating is less than the one required for radiator (50 degrees instead of 80).

Cotrac is working on a Smartphone application where the user would be able to see the temperature inside the house and decide whether to turn the heater on or not and to control the temperature (especially for cold places which need more time for heating, such as Faqra, Aayoun el Siman,‌)

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Photo © Michel El Esta

PHOTO MICHEL

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Photo © Michel El Esta

PHOTO MICHEL

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CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

A

O

C

F

African Mahogany

Oak

Cherry

Fraké

French name : Acajou d’Afrique Other names : Bassam Mahogany – White Mahogany

French Name: Chêne

French Name: Merisier d’Amérique Other Name: Black Cherry

French Name: Limba Other Names: Limbo – Limba

Mechanical properties Axial compression rupture point (MPa): 48 Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 60 Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 3.8 Preservation Fungus: Moderately resistant Termites: Sensitive Treatability of heartwood: Not permeable Implementation and processing Sawing: No particular difficulty Physical Properties Density average 12% (kg/m3): 530 Volumetric shrinkage: 9.6% Special Observations Its dust is sometimes irritating Principal Usage High-end interior millwork • Layouts • Decorative veneers • Shipbuilding Market Availability: Limited Price: High

Mechanical properties Axial compression rupture point (MPa): 58 Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 100 Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 6.2 Preservation Fungus: Resistant Termites: Moderately resistant Treatability of heartwood: Not permeable Implementation and processing Sawing: Force necessary to cut these hardwoods Physical Properties Density Volumetric shrinkage: 15.3% Special Observations Metal corrosion risk if in a humid environment Principal Usage Exterior millwork • Interior millwork • Furniture • Hardwood floors • Stairs.

• Framing • Railing Market Availability: Readily available Price: Moderate (depending on quality)

Mechanical properties Axial compression rupture point (MPa): 49 Axial traction rupture point (MPa): N/A Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): N/A Preservation Fungus: Moderately resistant Termites: Sensitive Treatability of heartwood: N/A Implementation and processing Sawing: No particular difficulty Physical Properties Density average 12% (kg/m3): 570 Volumetric shrinkage: 10.8% Special Observations More homogenous look than European Cherry wood Principal Usage Furniture • Layouts Market Availability: Readily available Price: High

Mechanical properties Axial compression rupture point (MPa): 47 Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 105 Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 4 Preservation Fungus: Somewhat resistant Beetles: Resistant Woodworms: Sensitive Termites: Sensitive Treatability of heartwood: Moderately permeable Implementation and processing Sawing: No particular difficulty Physical Properties Density average 12% (kg/m3): 540 Volumetric shrinkage: 11.1% Principal Usage Exterior carpentry • Interior carpentry • Interior trim • Plywood • Decorative veneer Market Availability: Readily available Price: Moderate

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CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

B

I

M

T

Beech

Iroko

Maritime Pine

Teak

French Name: Hêtre Latin Name: Fagus sylvatica L.

French Name: Iroko Other Name: Abang

French Name: Pin maritime Latin Name: Pinus pinaster

French Name: Teck Latin Name: Tectona grandis L. F.

Mechanical properties Axial compression rupture point (MPa): 58 Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 17 Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 10 Preservation Fungus: Not resistant Treatability of heartwood: Permeable, except for the red variety Implementation and processing Sawing: Force necessary to cut these hardwoods Physical Properties Density average 12% (kg/m3): 680 Volumetric shrinkage: 18.3% Special Observations The red variety is not permeable • Can be used as a substitute for Cherry, Mahogany or Walnut (when tinted) Principal Usage Interior millwork • Durniture • Hardwood Floors • Carvings • Plywood material • Transversal beams Market Availability: Readily available Price: Moderate

Mechanical properties Axial compression rupture point (MPa): 57 Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 80 Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 3.8 Preservation Fungus: Resistant to very resistant Termites: Resistant Treatability of heartwood: Not permeable Implementation and processing Sawing: No particular difficulty Physical Properties Density average 12% (kg/m3): 650 Volumetric shrinkage: 9.0% Special Observations Irritating dust Market Availability: Readily available Price: Moderate

Mechanical properties Axial compression rupture point (MPa): 39 Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 86 Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): N/A Preservation Fungus: Moderate to weak Termites: Sensitive Treatability of heartwood: Not permeable Implementation and processing Sawing: Resin may cause fouling of the saw blades Physical Properties Density average 12% (kg/m3): 510 Volumetric shrinkage: 13.5% Special Observations Hard knots and poorly adherent Principal Usage Exterior millwork • Interior millwork • Molding • Hardwood Floors • Plywood paneling • Beams • Glulam trusses • Light trusses Market Availability: Readily available Price: Moderate

Mechanical properties Axial compression rupture point (MPa): 70 Axial traction rupture point (MPa): 117 Shock Resistance (Nm/cm2): 4 Preservation Fungus: Very resistant Termites: Moderately resistant Treatability of heartwood: Moderately permeable Implementation and processing Sawing: Siliceous. Stellite blades recommended Physical Properties Teak from other sources is less resistant • very irritating dust • odor characteristic of old leather.

Principal Usage Furniture • cabinetry • flooring • decorative veneer • shipbuilding Market Availability: Available Price: High

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Apave Liban 2013 Training Calendar Course ID

Theme

Course Title

Duration

Month

From

To

Fees in US$

TP 09/13

Engineering

Elevator Systems- Core of Buildings Planning

1 Day

May

10

10

$350.00

TP 10/13

Engineering

Diagnosis and Repair of Existing Buildings

1 Day

May

17

17

$350.00

TP 11/13

Engineering

BMS-Building Management System & CCTV

2 Days

May

30

31

$450.00

TP 12/13

Management

Strategic Business Plans

2 Days

June

6

7

$450.00

TP 13/13

QSE

ISO 9000 Series Auditor/ Lead Auditor Course-IRCA Certified

5 Days

June

10

14

$1,200.00

TP 14/13

Management

Time Management

1 Day

June

21

21

$350.00

TP 15/13

Engineering

Euro Code 8

1 Day

June

28

28

$350.00

TP 16/13

QSE

Introduction to ISO Generic Standards

2 Days

September

5

6

$450.00

TP 17/13

QSE

Food Safety Management Systems

2 Days

September

12

13

$450.00

TP 19/13

Engineering

Inspection of Existing Concrete Structures

2 Days

September

26

27

$450.00

TP 20/13

Engineering

Lifting and Hoisting

2 Days

October

3

4

$450.00

TP 21/13

Engineering

Authorization Certificate for Electrical Safety of Personnel

2 Days

October

10

11

$450.00

TP 22/13

QSE

Internal Audit for Quality Management Systems

2 Days/ 2 Times per year

October

17

18

$450.00

TP 23/13

Engineering

Atmosphere Explosif - ATEX(French Document)

2 Days

October

24

25

$450.00

TP 24/13

Management

Customer Relationship Management-CRM

2 Days

November

7

8

$450.00

TP 25/13

QSE

Energy Management System ISO 50001:2011

2 Days

November

20

21

$450.00

TP 26/13

Engineering

Lightning Protection Systems

1 Day

November

29

29

$350.00

Join us on Linked In “Apave Liban trainings” group & Don’t miss the chance to register in our Trainings. Places are limited!

With Apave, you can now build your annual training plan and benefit from up to 30% discount on your participations to our open training sessions throughout the coming year 2013

Apave Liban (Subsidiary of Apave Group) is in need of the following profile: Inspector for Third Party Inspection activity This position concern mainly Lifting inspection (Overhead cranes, Tower cranes, Elevators, etc.).

Successful candidate will be trained for lifting inspection and works at height; he will be assigned to inspection missions in Lebanon and abroad, onshore and offshore sites.

We would appreciate receiving application of interested Technicians, that have the physical and intellectual abilities for this job.

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WE HAVE RESERVED THIS PAGE JUST FOR YOUR AD

To advertise, please send an email at : buildingco@apaveliban.com

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TRIBUNE LIBRE G eo rges Na sr Engine e r - Caric atu rist

Towards A Better Future Engineers are problem solvers. They apply scientific and practical knowledge to design economic solutions for existing problems. This skill is ever more needed in an age where the earth’s finite resources are under pressure from a growing human population that is increasingly increasingly affluent and demanding. To sustain this demand for more development, engineers have excelled at marshalling more of the Earth’s finite resources.

Engineers now have to contend with the differences between project needs and environmental necessities.

On one hand, project requirements are essentially “linear”, defined by timesensitive objectives and specific outputs achieved at a predetermined cost. On the other hand, a sustainable environmental management is “circular”, and often imposes requirements that extend beyond the life of a project.

Reconciling those two needs is becoming ever more difficult in this new era of development. This then engenders the need for new paradigms of development to a civilization that has essentially been build on humanity’s ability to “harvest the sun” indirectly, through the harvesting of crops, and the domestication of livestock. Agriculture developed

as early engineers first developed irrigation systems to grow more crops, then build storage systems to house and protect harvests. Growing food surpluses facilitated the rise of ever more complex societal “super-organisms” that needed to harvest even more of the sun’s energy.

Engineers devised newer ways to “import” increased amounts of energy into the “system”, first from work animals and water power, and then through buried hydrocarbons stores .

However, each one of these solutions exacted a price, often in the form of increased pollution and damaged ecosystems, and many civilizations did not survive their early successes.

Today, society faces the unprecedented challenge of resource limitation, and it needs the skills of engineers more than ever before in order to help it reach sustainable patterns of development.

Engineers are now faced with an unprecedented challenge; for all their ingenuity, their solutions were merely “static” adaptations. Yet the Earth remains a dynamic system made up of many interdependent subsystems; one for which we have yet to develop the necessary scientific and practical knowledge needed to solve the new challenges that we face.

Bell, S., Morse, S.; 2005: Delivering Sustainability Therapy in Sustainable Development Projects, Journal of Environmental Management, 75 Tainter, J.A.; 1990: The Collapse of Complex Societies, Cambridge University Press, UK. Bar Yam, Y.; 1997: Complexity rising: From human beings to human civilization, a complexity profile”, Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK. A system in which one physical state develops into another one over the course of time, often under the effect of extraneous influences (“forcings”).

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