Type Specimen: Nilo Sans - by Elena Aldrighetti

N XV M C I H T TRLQEMW B U Z O V Y F J

Nilo designed by Elena Aldrighetti

TYPEFACE

NILO APEX

CROTCH BOWL

ARM

VERTEX

STEM

TYPE FEATURES

APEX

AMENEMOPE VERY WHY VERTEX

CROTCH

APEX In typography, an apex is an upward pointing shape found in certain letters. For example, the pointed top of the capital letter A, as well as the top point of the lower case letter t. Also the middle upward point of the letter w. The term is sometimes applied to upward pointing spaces within certain letters, like that underneath the lower part of the letter x. The opposite of an apex is a vertex, which points down.(10/13) VERTEX In typography, a vertex is a sharp point made where two strokes meet at the bottom of the strokes, as in the letters “V” and “W”.The counter area above the two strokes also typically has a sharp corner, called a crotch; this can also exist even in letters like “Y” that have no vertex.The opposite of a vertex, the point where two strokes meet at the top of the strokes, is called an apex.(10/13) CROTCH An acute, inside angle where two strokes meet (seen on “w” and “v”). (10)

TEXT SIZES

10 pt 13

9pt 13

8pt 12

The name Nile is derived from the Greek Neilos (Latin,Nilus), which probably originated from the Semitic root na-al, meaning a valley or a river valley and hence, by an extension of the meaning, a river. The fact that the Nile-unlike other great rivers known to them-flowed from the south northward and was in flood at the warmest time of the year was an unsolved mystery to the ancient Egyptians and Greeks.The ancient Egyptians called the river Ar or Aur (Coptic: Iaro), Black,in allusion to the colour of the sediments carried by the river when it is in flood.

The name Nile is derived from the Greek Neilos (Latin,Nilus), which probably originated from the Semitic root na-al, meaning a valley or a river valley and hence, by an extension of the meaning, a river. The fact that the Nile-unlike other great rivers known to them-flowed from the south northward and was in flood at the warmest time of the year was an unsolved mystery to the ancient Egyptians and Greeks.The ancient Egyptians called the river Ar or Aur (Coptic: Iaro), Black,in allusion to the colour of the sediments carried by the river when it is in flood.

The name Nile is derived from the Greek Neilos (Latin,Nilus), which probably originated from the Semitic root na-al, meaning a valley or a river valley and hence, by an extension of the meaning, a river. The fact that the Nile-unlike other great rivers known to them-flowed from the south northward and was in flood at the warmest time of the year was an unsolved mystery to the ancient Egyptians and Greeks.The ancient Egyptians called the river Ar or Aur (Coptic: Iaro), Black,in allusion to the colour of the sediments carried by the river when it is in flood.

The name Nile is derived from the Greek Neilos (Latin,Nilus), which probably originated from the Semitic root na-al, meaning a valley or a river valley and hence, by an extension of the meaning, a river. The fact that the Nile-unlike other

7pt 12

great rivers known to them-flowed from the south northward and was in flood at the warmest time of the year was an unsolved mystery to the ancient Egyptians and Greeks.The ancient Egyptians called the river Ar or Aur (Coptic: Iaro), Black,in allusion to the colour of the sediments carried by the river when it is in flood.

The name Nile is derived from the Greek Neilos (Latin,Nilus), which probably originated from the Semitic root na-al, meaning a valley or a river

6pt 11

valley and hence, by an extension of the meaning, a river. The fact that the Nile-unlike other great rivers known to them-flowed from the south northward and was in flood at the warmest time of the year was an unsolved mystery to the ancient Egyptians and Greeks.The ancient Egyptians called the river Ar or Aur (Coptic: Iaro), Black,in allusion to the colour of the sediments carried by the river when it is in flood.

TITLES SIZES

HALL OF TRUTH 33 pt EGYPTIAN CULTURE 9pt One of the reasons for the enduring popularity of Egyptian culture is its emphasis on the grandeur of the human experience.Their great monuments, tombs, temples, and art work all celebrate life and stand as reminders of what once was and what human beings, at their best, are capable of achieving. Although ancient Egypt in popular culture is often associated with death and mortuary rites, something even in these speaks to people across the ages of what it means to be a human being and the power and purpose of remembrance.To the Egyptians, life on earth was only one aspect of an eternal journey. The soul was immortal and was only inhabiting a body on this physical plane for a short time.

At death, one would meet with judgment

THE GODS

in the Hall of Truth and, if justified, would move on to an eternal paradise known as The Field of Reeds which was a mirror image of one’s life on earth. Once one had reached paradise one could live peacefully in the company of those one had loved while on earth, including one’s pets, in the same neighborhood by the same steam, beneath the very same trees one thought had been lost at death. This eternal life, however, was only available to those who had lived well and in accordance with the will of the gods in the most perfect place conducive to such a goal: the land of Egypt. (9/11)

24 pt

From the Pre-Dynastic Period (c. 6000-c.3150 BCE) a belief in the gods defined the Egyptian culture. An early Egyptian creation myth tells of the god Atum who stood in the midst of swirling chaos before the beginning of time and spoke creation into existence. Atum was accompanied by the eternal force of heka (magic), personified in the god Heka and by other spiritual forces which would animate the world.

Heka was the primal force which infused the universe and caused all things to operate as they did; it also allowed for the central value of the Egyptian culture: ma’at, harmony and balance. All of the gods and all of their responsibilties went back to ma’at and heka. The sun rose and set as it did and the moon traveled its course across the sky and the seasons came and went in accordance with balance and order which was possible because of these two agencies. Ma’at was also personified as a deity, the goddess of the ostrich feather, to whom every king promised his full abilities and devotion. (10/13)

THE DECLINE OF EGYPT

18 pt

One of his successors, Ramesses III (1186-1155 BCE), followed his policies but, by this time, Egypt’s great wealth had attracted the attention of the Sea Peoples who began to make regular incursions along the coast. The Sea Peoples, like the Hyksos, are of unknown origin but are thought to have come from the southern Aegean area. Between 1276-1178 BCE the Sea Peoples were a threat to Egyptian security.

Ramesses II had defeated them in a naval battle early in his reign as had his successor Merenptah (12131203 BCE). After Merenptah’s death, however, they increased their efforts, sacking Kadesh, which was then under Egyptian control, and ravaging the coast. Between 1180-1178 BCE Ramesses III fought them off, finally defeating them at the Battle of Xois in 1178 BCE.(10/13)

TYPE PARTICULARS

Counter

bowl

Amenofi dabbling

cross stroke

satteref

schoulder

homonym

TYPE PARTICULARS vertical terminal

oblique terminal

oblique terminal

a e fdc sheared terminal TERMINALS In typography,the terminal is a type of curve. Many sources consider a terminal to be just the end (straight or curved) of any stroke that doesn’t include a serif (which can include serif fonts, such as the little stroke at the end of “n” as shown in the illustration). Some curved bits of tails, links, ears, and loops are considered terminals using the Wbroader definition

spur

and the arm. Ball terminal is a combination of a dot (tail dot) or circular stroke and the curved bit (hook) at the end of some tails and the end of some arms (a, c, f).

Beak terminal refers to the sharp spur or beak at the end of a letterform’s arm and the curved bit (terminal) between the beak. (12/16)

UPPER CASE

ABCDEFGHIJ KLMNOPQRS TUVWXYZ abcde fghij klmnopq rs tu v w xyz LOWER CASE

PUNCTUATION

. , : ; ! ? ‘ “ ‘ ’ “„ « » ‘‘@ _ & #% * + − × ÷ = ~ < > / (){}[]€

\

LEADING AND TRAKING

LEADING LOOSE

NORMAL

THIGHT

The sun rose and set as it

The sun rose and set as it did and the moon traveled its course across the sky and the seasons came and went in accordance with balance and order which was possible because of these two agencies. Ma’at was also personified as a deity, the goddess of the ostrich feather, to whom every king promised his full abilities and devotion.

(10/13)

The sun rose and set as it did and the moon traveled its course across the sky and the seasons came and went in accordance with balance and order which was possible because of these two agencies. Ma’at was also personified as a deity, the goddess of the ostrich feather, to whom every king promised his full abilities and devotion.

(10/11)

did and the moon traveled its course across the sky and the seasons came and went in accordance with balance and order which was possible because of these two agencies. Ma’at was also personified as a deity, the goddess of the ostrich feather, to whom every king promised his full abilities and devotion.

(10/16)

TRAKING LOOSE The sun rose and set as it did and the moon traveled its course across the sky traking: 90

NORMAL The sun rose and set as it did and the moon traveled its course across the sky traking: 10

THIGHT The sun rose and set as it did and the moon traveled its course across the sky traking: -30

TYPES FEATURES STEM

BASTET AHA KAKAU Werethekau BAR

LEG

STEM

In typography, the curved part of the character that encloses the circular or curved parts (counter) of some letters such as d, b, o, D, and B is the bowl. Some sources call any parts of a letter enclosing a space a bowl, including both parts of a double-storey g and the straight stem on a D or B. The curved strokes of a C are sometimes also referred to as bowls although they arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t closed.(10/16) BAR The (usually) horizontal stroke across the middle of uppercase A and H is a bar. The horizontal or sloping stroke enclosing the bottom of the eye of an e is also a bar. Although often used interchangeably, the bar differs from an arm and a cross stroke because each end connects to a stem or stroke and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t (usually) intersect/cross over the stem or stroke.(10/16) LEG The lower, down sloping stroke of the K and k is called a leg. The same stroke on R as well as the tail of a Q is sometimes also called a leg.(10/16)

DESIGN PROCESS

The art and craft of designing typefaces is called type design.

Designers of typefaces are called type designers and are often employed by type foundries. In digital typography, type designers are sometimes also called font developers or font designers.Every typeface is a collection of glyphs, each of which represents an individual letter, number, punctuation mark, or other symbol.The same glyph may be used for characters from different scripts, e.g. Roman uppercase A looks the same as Cyrillic uppercase and Greek uppercase alpha. There are typefaces tailored for special applications, such as mapmaking or astrology and mathematics. (10/16)

the first step to creating a font is to create an inline. after which the brushes are applied according to the designerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perception. After graphically aligning the font in special grids, it is possible to transform it into a font thanks to applications such as fontself.(10/16)

95,6°

75° 107°

WWW

0 9 156 472

THE NUMBERS SPEAK FOR THEMESELVES The world is filled with recognizable and

The world is filled with recognizable and

unique numbers that have never been

unique numbers that have never been

available as fonts until now.

available as fonts until now.

Every year, Pentagram chooses

Every year, Pentagram chooses twelve

twelve beloved typefaces for its iconic

beloved typefaces for its iconic Pentagram

Pentagram Calendar. Traditionally, the

Calendar. Traditionally, the calendar

calendar features works by typographers

features works by typographers past

past and present, from timeless standards

and present, from timeless standards like

like Garamond and Bodoni to modern

Garamond and Bodoni to modern classics

classics such as Knockout and Gotham. In

such as Knockout and Gotham.(10/16)

2006, Pentagram broke with tradition and selected twelve typefaces from the

LINING FIGURES

1

0123456789

2

3

4

7

5

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

Faculty of Design and Art Free University of Bolzano-Bozen Typeface designed by Elena Aldrighetti WUP 18/19 Prof. Antonino Benincasa Gian Marco Favretto Maximilian Boiger Calligraphy Workshop by Mag. Art.Eva Pรถll Font created with Illustrator & Fontself