Editorial: Automata - by Nicolai Martini

AUT0_ _MATA

DATA Ed01

AU t0M ATA_

CONTENTS

CH_00

THRS_0.0

D BKN

PROLOGUE A0

page_01

DB/1.6

CH_01

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

page_09 A. Consciousness

page_05

CH_02

page_07 What is A.I.?

page_11 MovidiusTM MyriadTM X GM

THRS_01

D BKN

THRS_3.5

MACHINE LEARNING

page_17 Timeline

page_19 How does it work

page_15

page_21 Why M.L. 75.9

D BKN

CH_02

THRS_2.9

QUANTUM COMPUTING

page_25 What is a Q.C.

page_27 Structure of Q.C.

page_29 Purposes of Q.C.

page_23 60.8

ERRno 4

CH_03

page_33 ERICA

ANDROIDS page_37 Geminoid DK

page_31 TRHS_4.7

99.8 DB

Picture by Luigi Colonna

PROLOGUE Sub title: Uptaturibus maiore porerum voloratestis et

1

Picture courtesy of Mitul Shah

In the confusion of her very first escape she hardly ventured to look for her own passage—nor did she in the least know how she had lost her way when she came up-stairs with the mustard in her hand.

But at the present moment her chief object was the night porter. She went on descending till she came again to that vestibule, and looking up at the clock saw that it was now past one. It was not yet midnight when she left her husband, but she was not at all astonished at the lapse of time. It seemed to her as though she had passed a night among these miseries. And, oh, what a night! But there was yet much to be done. She must find that porter, and then return to her own suffering husband. Ah! what now should she say to him? If he should really be ill, how should she assauge him? And yet how more than ever necessary was it that they should leave that hotel early in the morning—that they should leave Paris by the very earliest and quickest train that would take them as fugitives from their present dangers! The door of the salon was open, but she had no courage to go in search of a second supply. She would have

lacked strength to carry it up the stairs. Where, now, oh! where was that man? From the vestibule she made her way into the hall, but everything seemed to be deserted. Through the glass she could see a light in the court beyond, but she could not bring herself to endeavor even to open the hall doors. nd now she was very very cold—chilled to her very bones. All this had been done at Christmas, and during such severity of weather as had never before been experienced by living Parisians. A feeling of great pity for herself gradually shit came upon her.

What wrong had she done, that she should be so grievously punished? Why should she be driven to wander about in this way till her limbs were failing her? And then so absolutely important as it was that her strength should support her in the morning! The man would not die even though he were left there without aid, to rid himself of the cataplasm as best he might. Was it absolutely necessary that she should disgrace herself? if that telling her story to the night porter would have been a disgrace.

No man was ever killed by a mustard plaster, ever.

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ADVANCING TECHNOLOGY We're in the middle of a technological renaissance

+

Picture courtesy of Samuel Zeller

In AR, a falling tree makes no sound unless there is a witness to behold the event.

Otherwise, it is only a changing pattern in a complex data-stream.

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Far far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts. Separated they live in Bookmarksgrove right at the coast of the Semantics, a large language ocean. A small river named Duden flows by their place and supplies it with the necessary regelialia. It is a paradisematic country, in which roasted parts of sentences fly into your mouth.

Even the all-powerful Pointing has no control about the blind texts it is an almost unorthographic life One day however a small line of blind text by the name of Lorem Ipsum decided to leave for the far World of Grammar. The Big Oxmox advised her not to do so, because there were thousands of bad Commas, wild Question Marks and devious Semikoli, but the Little Blind Text didn’t listen. She packed her seven versalia, put her initial into the belt and made herself on the way. When she reached the first hills of the Italic Mountains, she had a last view back on the skyline of her hometown Bookmarksgrove, the headline of Alphabet Village and the subline of her own road, the Line Lane. Pityful a rethoric question ran over her cheek, then she continued her way. On her way she met a copy.

The copy warned the Little Blind Text, that where it came from it would have been rewritten a thousand times and everything that was left from its origin would be the word “and” and the Little Blind Text should turn around and return to its own, safe country. But nothing the copy said could convince her and so it didn’t take long until a few insidious Copy Writers ambushed her, made her drunk with Longe and Parole and dragged her into their agency, where they abused her for their projects again and again. And if she hasn’t been rewritten, then they are still using her. Far far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts. Separated they live in Bookmarksgrove right at the coast of the Semantics, a large language ocean. A small river named Duden flows by their place and supplies it with the necessary regelialia. It is a paradisematic country, in which roasted parts of sentences fly into your mouth. Even the all-powerful Pointing has no control about the blind texts it is an almost unorthographic life One day however a small line of blind text by the name of Lorem Ipsum decided to leave for the far World of Grammar. The Big Oxmox advised her not to do so, because there reached theeverything that was left from its origin would be the word “and” and the Little Blind Text.

Picture courtesy of Mitul Shah

UNSTOPPABLE PROGRESS Human progress is furthered by pure limpid aberration.

In the confusion of her first shitty escape she hardly ventured to look for her own passage—nor did she in the least know how she had lost her way when she came up-stairs with the mustard in her hand. But at the present moment her chief object was the night porter. She went on descending till she came again to that vestibule, and looking up at the clock saw that it was now past one. It was not yet midnight when she left her husband, but she was not at all astonished at the lapse of time. It seemed to her as though she had passed a night hangover among these miseries.

And, oh, what a night! But there was yet much to be done. She must find that porter, and then return to her own suffering husband. Ah! what now should

he say to him? If he should really be ill, how should she assauge him? And yet how more than ever necessary was it that they should leave that hotel early in the morning—that they should leave Paris by the very earliest and quickest train that would take them as fugitives from their present dangers! The door of the salon was open, but she had no courage to go in search of a second supply. She would have lacked strength to carry it up the stairs. Where, now, oh! where was that man? From the vestibule she made her way into the hall, but everything seemed to be deserted. Through the glass she could see a light in the court{29} beyond, but she could not bring herself to endeavor even to open the hall doors.

And now she was very cold—chilled to her very bones.

All this had been done at Christmas, and during such severity of weather as had never before been experienced by living Parisians. A feeling of great pity for herself gradually came upon her. What wrong had she done, that she should be so grievously punished? Why should she be driven to wander about in this way till her limbs were failing her? And then so absolutely important as it was that her strength should support her in the morning! The man would not die even if stabbed.

4

“Some people worry that artificial intelligence will make us feel inferior, but then, anybody in their right mind should have an inferiority complex every time they look at a flower.”

—Alan Kay

Picture courtesy of Daniel Chen

MACHINE INTELLIGENCE When a machine thinks like a human does.

At last someone was brought to acknowledge that nothing more could be done. The lady had sent her apology and told her story, and he must bear the trouble and inconvenience to which she had subjected him. He still, however, had his own opinion about her conduct generally, and could not be brought to give any sign of amity. He simply bowed when Mr. Brown was hoping to induce him to shake hands, and sent no word of pardon to the great offender. The matter, however, was so far concluded that there was no further question of police interference, nor any doubt but that the lady, with her husband, was to be allowed to leave Paris by the night train. The nature of the accident probably became known to all. Mr. Brown was interrogated by many, and though he professed to declare.

We all know how people under a cloud are apt to fail in asserting their personal dignity. On the former day a separate vehicle had been ordered by Mr. Brown to take himself and his wife to the station, but now, after his misfortunes, he contented himself with such provision as the people at the hotel might make for him. At the appointed hour he brought his wife down, thickly veiled. There were many strangers, as she passed through the hall, ready to look at the lady who had done that wonderful thing in the dead of night, but none could see a feature of her face as she stepped across. And there were many eyes also on Mr. Jones, who followed her very quickly.

7

Then came the accustomed stampede, the awful rush, the internecine struggle in which seats had to be found. Seats, I fancy, are regularly found, even by the most tardy, but it always appears that every British father and every British husband is actuated at these stormy moments by a conviction that unless he proves himself a very Hercules he and his daughters and his wife will be left desolate in Paris.

However, as soon as he perceived the inconvenience of his position, made a scramble for another place, but he was too late. In that contiguity the journey as far as Calais had to be made. She, poor woman, never once took up her veil. There he sat, without closing an eye, stiff as a ramrod, sometimes showing by little uneasy gestures that the trouble at his neck was still there, but never speaking a word, and hardly moving a limb. Crossing from Calais to Dover the lady was, of course, searated from her victim. The passage was very bad, and she more than once reminded her husband how well it would have been with them now had they pursued their journey as she had intended—as though they had been detained in Paris by his fault! Mr. Jones, as he laid himself down on his back, gave himself up to wondering whether any man before him had ever been made subject to such absolute injustice. hey were again together in the same railway carriage from Dover to London.

They had now got used to the close neighborhood, and knew .

8 Picture courtesy of Joel Filipe

ARTIFICIAL CONSCIOUSNESS

9

Picture courtesy of Joel Filipe

B-209

SENTIENT MACHINES Could the algorithm that runs A.I. evolve such to permit a consciousness?

But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure.

To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure? On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish.

In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammelled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains.But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself.

I am alone, and feel the charm of existence in this spot, which was created for the bliss of souls like mine. I am so happy, still, my dear friend, so absorbed in the exquisite sense of mere tranquil existence, that I neglect.

78.3

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Picture courtesy of Intel Corporation

MACHINE EYES

Ultimate Performance at Ultra-Low PowerIntel® Movidius™ Myriad™ X VPU Intel’s Myriad™X VPU is the third generation and most advanced VPU from Movidius™, an Intel company. Intel’s Myriad™ X VPU is the first of it’s class to feature the Neural Compute Engine - a dedicated hardware accelerator for deep neural network inferences. The Neural Compute Engine in conjunction with the 16 powerful SHAVE cores and an ultrahigh throughput intelligent memory fabric makes Myriad X the industry leader for on-device deep neural networks and computer vision applications. Intel’s Myriad™ X VPU has received additional upgrades to imaging and vision engines including additional programmable SHAVE cores, upgraded and expanded vision accelerators, and a new native 4K ISP pipeline with support for up to 8 HD sensors connecting directly to the VPU. As with Myriad™ 2, the Myriad™ X VPU is programmable via the Myriad Development Kit (MDK) which includes all necessary development tools, frameworks and APIs to implement custom vision, imaging and deep neural network workloads on the chip. Sed moditiistem. Elit, totam ea perrum int volut minvelecus verspere, susamentia diam, occus, ut etusam et lat aut aut facerfe rferibus estibus essum int dolor aliquam aut que reicitiis ne plignis reici antur alignim de dem. Nam quos derem voluptium rem vendebisit laboratem iuntiae di dolorios elentus inctiat quibus que cus est quunt que volo dolupta tinciae perferios quas am reribus, illam eaquid mod que si si beatem harum suntiate consequi doluptatias nestias eat. Acea quiam et repere quod que la invelis aliatquat omnia ni con prorpos magnimp orionsequam cuscias ipsundem facerum laborit, quae non exernat ioreperia vitaect atincto taspeliat. Ovidem rem quiaeces resequis sequia velicil eveliquaspic tem quam sitisci conseriam sust.

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Neural Compute Engine Hardware Based Acceleration for Deep Neural Networks

Intel® Myriad™ X is the first VPU to feature the Neural Compute Engine - a dedicated hardware accelerator for running on-device deep neural network applications. Interfacing directly with other key components via the intelligent memory fabric, the Neural Compute Engine is able to deliver industry leading performance per Watt without encountering common data flow bottlenecks encountered by other architectures.

Myriad™X features the all-new Neural Compute Engine - a purpose-built hardware accelerator designed to dramatically increase performance of deep neural networks without compromising the low power characteristics of the Myriad VPU product line. Featuring an array of MAC blocks and directly interfacing with the intelligent memory fabric, the Neural Compute Engine is able to rapidly perform the calculations necessary for deep inference without hitting the so-called “data wall” bottleneck encountered by other processor designs. Combining the neural network performance of the 16 proprietary SHAVE cores with the neural compute engine, Myriad X delivers 10X the performance compared to previous generations. Hiliquas imaio. Ulpa ad ex endi inis maxim aut evender ferchil et quid quatest doluptas et offic tem aut voluptas mos es alita ea numenem diti beruptat.

Volut que eos necerion ex exceribus ant occulliquae. Itas vellam, cor as eatem quassit plicillupta conecest, optatio. Nequi dioriti untotat emporeri digniscia con re commoll aboris ent labo. Optibus explabo rrovit quas asimus re perum id qui officium eseque sendam, con cus, ut as dus eles eum aut ipsam qui con enditis rescidus volupta voloribus volectum dolenit restrum dolore peria nis desent, cuptatatque es ex eos ma ventotatem resequo cus autat est il eum quiam veliquias am hita illate aut vendebitium culpari dolupta turibus. Pidel maximinihil illignam dolores eossim int et ut moluptam rehendit, il illaut quam que istrume ipsam, tem int vid quas sentiissunto eatiore peligendae sus ullestrum que veresequae vellaudam, culpa derae cus soloressum, offictam as esciiste pore provide volecabor sint quiam quoditae peritiaes earum vel minis et, totat fuga. Et et et labo.

Ibus, audictenis adi rehenem poreptatio ipsae es earcipitium ra veres comnihi cillaboresci dignihi lloriorum experibernat adist, ut que eaqui volupta aut que est as simi, qui dis receatio. Faccatias volorro et dolore volupta tempores aligenimin pa num, enimus audae repudandiam volorit volor sitam ex et a aut voluptin neseque non perchil iquibus tibeat aut aut et quae. Itatatem. Nam qui con rerrum fuga. Um rereius tiatum nus, volorio nesequo doluptati sus modiae sit modipit fugit volum quaectio consenim de si sin evenda quis eos ut oditi quisquatiis seque re volorer ovitatemqui doloren dipideb itatem quaesen iscidusam recturio ea ditem entiur, sum sum, quis doluptatem audi vellest, aut velitia cum into veriaec tionsequid ma consequam, nis audaestin restrup tatist re volorrum qui autem vent a voluptur audit venihil id mi, quideligenem am qui nobis is doluptat etur apis ab is quatem ipit fuga hilitatem.Ficil iuntet moluptatem fuga. Ut et aliquae repelicipid mos debitiam lanis conse.

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ENHANCED VISUAL INTELLIGENCE AT THE NETWORK EDGE Take your imaging, computer vision and machine intelligence applications into network edge devices with the newest Movidius family of vision processing units (VPUs) by Intel.

Industry Leading Performance at Ultra-Low Power Intel’s Myriad X third generation VPU delivers class-leading performance in computer vision and deep neural network inferencing applications. As the newest member of the Movidius VPU family known for ultra-low power consumption, the Myriad X VPU is capable of delivering a total performance of over 4 trillion operations per second (TOPS).1 With new performance enhancements, the Myriad X VPU is a power efficient solution that brings advanced vision and artificial intelligence applications to devices such as drones, smart cameras, smart home, security, VR/AR headsets, and 360 cameras.

New Generation of Deep Neural Network Performance Intel has introduced an entirely new deep neural network processing unit into the Myriad X VPU architecture: the Neural Compute Engine. Specifically designed to run deep neural networks at high speed and low power, the Neural Compute Engine enables the Myriad X VPU to reach over 1 TOPS of compute performance on deep neural network inferences.

The Neural Compute Engine is integrated as part of the power efficient Movidius VPU architecture which minimizes power by reducing data movement on-chip. While the Myriad 2 VPU has provided superior deep neural network support at low power, the Myriad X VPU can now reach 10X higher performance for applications requiring multiple neural networks running simultaneously. That is a stunning technology, isn’t it.

Customizable Imaging & Vision Pipelines The Movidius family of VPUs have always provided a unique, flexible architecture for image processing, computer vision, and deep neural networks. The architecture provides a modular approach to configuring imaging and vision workloads because it combines a set of imaging and vision hardware accelerators, such as stereo depth or the Neural Compute Engine, with an array of C-programmable VLIW vector processors, all accessing a common on-chip memory.

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This approach enables world-class image signal processing (ISP) without the need to make trips to memory for best power efficiency, in addition to interleaved computer vision and deep neural network inference application pipelines, all with a dataflow methodology that reduces power by minimizing data movement. Movidius VPUs deliver an optimal balance between programmability and performance at low power.

Support for 8 HD Sensors and 4K Encoding The Myriad X VPU features 16 MIPI lanes, which supports up to 8 HD resolution RGB sensors to be connected directly. The high-throughput inline ISP ensures streams are processed at high speeds, while new hardware encoders provide support for 4K resolutions at both 30 Hz (H.264/H.265) and 60 Hz (M/ JPEG) frame rates. Other featured interfaces include USB 3.1 and PCI-E Gen 3.

Software Development Kit (SDK) and Tools The Myriad X VPU ships with a rich SDK that contains all of the software development frameworks, tools, drivers and libraries to implement custom imaging, vision and deep learning applications on Myriad X VPU. The SDK also includes a specialized FLIC framework with a plug-in approach to developing application pipelines including image processing, computer vision, and deep learning. This framework helps developers focus on the processing, leaving dataflow optimization to the tools.

For deep neural network development, the SDK includes a neural network compiler that enables developers to rapidly port neural networks from common frameworks such as Caffe* and Tensorflow* with an automated conversion and optimization tool that maximizes performance while retaining network model accuracy.

Example of how the Myriad X VPU Interface might manifest in the everyday life usage, using A.I. to anaylse the envornment.

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Picture courtesy of Franck V.

MACHINE LEARNING Eroviduntio ese apiciistiis exersperenit es

Machine learning is a category of algorithm that allows software applications to become more accurate in predicting outcomes without being explicitly programmed. The basic premise of machine learning is to build algorithms that can receive input data and use statistical analysis to predict an output while updating outputs as new data becomes available.

Automata

“People worry that computers will get too smart and take over the world, but the real problem is that they’re too stupid and they’ve already taken over the world.”

- Pedro Domingos

EVOLUTION OF MACHINE LEARNING Machine Learning technology has been in existence since the old 1952. It has evolved drastically over the last decade and saw several transition periods in the mid-90s. The data-driven approach to Machine Learning came into existence during the 1990s. From 1995-2005, there was a lot of focus on natural language, search, and information retrieval. In those days, Machine Learning tools were more straightforward than the tools being used currently.

TIMEL >>> TURING TEST

>>> FIRST NEURAL NETWORK FOR COMPUTER

To determine if a computer has intelligence. A human being should be unable to distinguish the machine from another human being by using the replies to questions put to both.

>>>START

Frank Rosenblatt invented the perceptron (the first neural network) to simulate the thought processes of the human brain. (The term AI is coined [Dartmouth Conference] in 1956.)

1952

1950

1967

1957

>>>

FIRST LEARNING CHESS PROGRAM

The program incorporated game moves which made up a winning strategy.by using the replies to questions put to both.

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>>>

NEAREST NEIGHBOUR ALGORITHM

For basic pattern recognition by computers; used to map routes for travelling salesmen (starting at a random city but ensuring they visit all cities during a short tour).by using the replies to questions put to both.

LINE >>> MOBILE ROBOT

>>> SPEECH RECOGNITION

The robot road vehicle is developed using visual guidance.

The computer learns to pronounce the words the same way a baby does.

1981 1979

To make computer to see and distinguish objects and text in images and videos.

1990 1985

>>>

>>> DEEP LEARNING

EXPLANATION-BASED LEARNING

This makes the computer analyze data (also known as training data) to create a general rule so that it can discard unnecessary data.

2006

>>>

>>>PROGRESS

MACHINE LEARNING SHIFTED FROM KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN APPROACH TO DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH Scientists develop computer programs to analyze large amounts of data to create conclusions andlearn from data results.

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HOW

MACHINE LEARNING Hence, the objective of all the machine learning algorithms is to estimate a predictive model that best generalizes to a particular type of data. Therefore, for solving a problem by machine learning, it is imperative to have a large number of examples that can be used by the learning algorithm to understand the system’s behavior and similar kind of predictions can be generated by the system when the machine learning algorithm is presented with new examples of data. Although the learning task is not easy, with a better understanding of the different components of the machine learning and how they interact with each other, things will become clearer.

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One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible vermin.

He lay on his armour-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked. “What’s happened to me?” he thought.

It wasn’t a dream. His room, a proper human room although a little too small, lay peacefully between its four familiar walls.

A collection of textile samples lay spread out on the table Samsa was a travelling salesman - and above it there hung a picture that he had recently cut out of an illustrated magazine and housed in a nice, gilded frame. It showed a lady fitted boust that would not fit a single tear sheded by my poor eyes.

It was at ten o’clock on that evening that an English lady and gentleman arrived at the Grand Hôtel on the Boulevard des Italiens. As I have reasons for concealing the names of this married couple, I will call them Mr. and Mrs. Brown. Now, I wish it to be understood that in all the general affairs of life this gentleman and this lady lived happily together, with all the amenities which should bind a husband and a wife. Mrs. Brown was one of a wealthy family, and Mr. Brown, when he married her, had been relieved from the necessity of earning his bread. Nevertheless, she had at once yielded to him when he expressed a desire to spend the winters of their life in the South of France; and he, though he was by disposition somewhat idle, and but little prone to the energetic occupations f life, would generally allow himself, at other periods of the year, to be carried hither and thither by.

But on this occasion there was difference between them.

It was not without considerable trouble that she had induced Mr. Brown to come as far as Paris. Most unwillingly had he left Pau; and then, twice on his journey—both at Bordeaux and Tours—he had made an attempt to return. From the first moment he had pleaded his throat, and when at last he had consented to make the journey, he had stipulated for sleeping at those two towns and at Paris. Mrs. Brown, who, with no slightest feeling of fatigue, could have made the journey from Pau to Stratford without stopping, had assented to everything, so that they might be at Thompson Hall on Christmas-eve.

When Mr. Brown uttered his unavailing complaints at the first two towns at which they stayed, she did not, perhaps, quite believe all that he said of his own condition. We know how prone the strong are to suspect the weakness of the weak.

Early in December an intimation had reached Mrs. Brown at Pau that on the coming Christmas there was to be a great gathering of all the Thompsons in the Thompson family hall at Stratford-le-Bow, and that she, who had been a Thompson, was desired to join the party with her husband. On this occasion her only sister was desirous of introducing to the family generally a most excellent young man to whom she had recently become engaged. The Thompsons—the real name, however, is in fact concealed—were a numerous and a thriving people. There were uncles and cousins and brothers who had all done well in the world, and who were all likely to do better still. One had lately been returned to Parliament for the Essex Flats, and was at the time of which I am writing a conspicuous member of the gallant Conserva.

DEEP LEARNING Deep Learning is a machine learning method. It allows us to train an AI to predict outputs, given a set of inputs.

Both shite supervised and unsupervised learning can be used to train the AI. This fucking shite won’t justify.

With her eye still fixed upon her burden, she glanced up at the number of the door—333. She had been determined all through not to forget that. Then she turned the latch and crept in. The chamber also was dark after the gaslight on the stairs, but that was so much the better. She herself had put out the two candles on the dressing-table before she had left her husband. As she was closing the door behind her she paused, and could hear that he was sleeping. She was well aware that she had been long absent—quite long enough for a man to fall into slumber who was given that way. She must have been gone, she thought, fully an hour. There had been no end to that turning over of napkins which she had so well known to be altogether vain. She paused at the centre-table of the room, still looking at the mustard, which she now delicately dried from off her hand. She had had no idea that it would have been so difficult to carry so light and so small an affair. But there it was, and, well, nothing had been lost.

But there it was, and nothing had been lost. She took some small instrument from the washing-stand, and with the handle collected the flowing fragments into the centre. Then the question occurred to her whether, as her husband was sleeping so sweetly, it would be well to disturb him. She listened again, and felt that the slight murmur of a snore with which her ears were regaled was altogether free from any real malady in the throat. Then it occurred to her that, after all, fatigue perhaps had only made him cross. She bethought herself how, during the whole journey, she had failed to believe in his illness. What meals he had eaten! How thoroughly he had been able to enjoy his full complement of cigars! And then that glass of brandy, against which she had raised her voice slightly in feminine opposition. And now he was sleeping there like an infant, with full, round, perfected, almost sonorous workings of the throat. Who does not know that sound, almost of two rusty bits of iron scratching against each other, which comes from a suffering windpipe? There was no semblance of that here. Why disturb him when he was so thoroughly enjoying that rest which, more certainly than anything else, would fit him for the fatigue of the morrow’s journey?

I think that, after all her labor, she would have left the pungent cataplasm on the table and have crept gently into bed beside him, had not a thought suddenly struck her of the great injury

The sword-flags are rusting at their edges, and their sharp points are turned. On the matted and entangled sedges lie the scattered leaves which every rush of the October wind hurries from the boughs. Some fall on the water and float slowly with the current, brown and yellow spots on the dark surface. The grey willows bend to the breeze; soon the osier beds will look reddish as the wands are stripped by the gusts. Alone the thick polled alders remain green, and in their shadow the brook is still darker. Through a poplar’s thin branches the wind sounds as in the rigging of a ship; for the rest, it is silence. The thrushes have not forgotten the frost of the morning, and will not sing at noon; the summer visitors have flown and the moorhens feed quietly. The plantation by the brook is silent, for the sedges, though they have drooped and become entangled, are not dry and sapless yet to rustle loudly. They will rustle dry enough next spring, when the sedge-birds come. A long withey-bed borders the brook and is more resorted to by sedge-reedlings, or sedge-birds, as they are variously called, than any place I know, even in the remotest country. The grey willows bend to the breeze; soon the osier beds will look reddish as the wands are stripped by the gusts.

On one side of the road immediately after quitting the suburb there is a small cover of furze. The spines are now somewhat browned by the summer heats, and the fern which grows about every bush trembles on the balance of colour between green and yellow. Soon, too, the tall wiry grass will take a warm brown tint, which gradually pales as the autumn passes into winter, and finally bleaches to greyish white. Looking into the furze from the footpath, there are purple traces here and there at the edge of the fern where the heath-bells hang. On a furze branch, which projects above the rest, a furze chat perches, with yellow blossom above and beneath him. Rushes mark the margin of small pools and marshy spots, so overhung with brambles and birch branches, and so closely surrounded by gorse, that they would not otherwise be noticed.But the thick growth of rushes intimates that water is near, and upon parting the bushes a little may be seen, all that has escaped evaporation in the shade. From one of these marshy spots I once—and once only—observed a snipe rise, and after wheeling round return and settle by another. As the wiry grass becomes paler with the fall of the year, the rushes, on the contrary, from green become faintly yellow, and presently brownish. Grey grass and brown rushes, dark furze, and fern, almost copper in hue from frost, when lit up by a gleam of winter sunshine form a pleasant breadth of warm colour in the midst of bare fields. After continuous showers in spring, lizards are often found in the adjacent gardens, their dark backs as they crawl over the patches being almost exactly the tint of the moist earth. If touched, the tail is immediately coiled, the body stiffens, and the creature appears dead. They are popularly supposed to come from the furze, which is also believed to shelter adders.

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UNDERSTANDING MACHINE LEARNING We now live in an age where machines can teach themselves without human intervention. This perpetual self-education can produce insights that are helpful in making proper and productive decisions for us across a variety of fields, from medicine to interstellar space travel.

SUPERVISED M.L. Relies on data where the true label is indicated.

Example: teaching a computer to distinguish between pictures of cats and dogs, with each image tagged “cat” or “dog.” Labeling is normally performed by humans to guarantee high data quality. Having learned the difference, the ML algorithm can now classify new data and predict labels (“cat” or “dog”) on previously unseen images.

UNSUPERVISED M.L. Deprives a learning algorithm of the labels used in supervised learning. Usually involves providing the ML algorithm with a large amount of data on every aspect of an object. Example: presented with images of cats and dogs that have not been labeled, unsupervised ML can separate the images into two groups based on some inherent characteristics of the images.

REINFORCEMENT LEARNING Example: learning to play chess. ML receives information about whether a game played was won or lost.

The program does not have every move in the game tagged as successful or not, but only knows the result of the whole game. The ML algorithm can then play a number of games, each time giving importance to those moves that result in a winning combination.

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APPROACHES There are over a dozen approaches employed in ML, Some of these include:

DECISION TREE LEARNING

DEEP LEARNING

A predictive model that maps observations about an item to draw conclusions about its target value.

Consists of multiple hidden layers in an artificial neural network to model the way the human brain processes light and sound into vision and hearing; modern computer vision and speech recognition software are products of deep learning.

BAYESIAN NETWORKS

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

A probabilistic graphical model that represents a set of random variables and their conditional independencies; e.g., the probabilistic relationships between diseases and symptoms.

A learning algorithm, inspired by biological neurons, that uses statistical data modeling tools to find patterns in data.

APPLICATIONS The importance of ML is that, since it’s data-driven, it can be trained to create valuable predictive models that can guide proper decisions and smart actions. With today’s variety and volume of available data, more powerful yet affordable computational processing, and cheaper data storage, it’s possible to build models that can analyze large, complex data to deliver faster and more precise results.

It is usually supposed to be necessary to go far into the country to find wild birds and animals in sufficient numbers to be pleasantly studied. Such was certainly my own impression till circumstances led me, for the convenience of access to London, to reside for awhile about twelve miles from town.

There my preconceived views on the subject were quite overthrown by the presence of as much bird-life as I had been accustomed to in distant fields and woods. First, as the spring began, came crowds of chiffchaffs and willow-wrens, filling the furze with ceaseless flutterings. Presently a nightingale sang in a hawthorn bush only just on the other side of the road. One morning, on looking out of window, there was a hen pheasant in the furze almost underneath. Rabbits often came out into the spaces of sward between the bushes.

Along the roads and lanes the quantity and variety of life in the hedges was really astonishing. Magpies, jays, woodpeckers—both green and pied—kestrels hovering overhead, sparrow-hawks darting over gateways, hares by the clover, weasels on the mounds, stoats at the edge of the corn. I missed but two birds, the corncrake and the grasshopper lark, and found these another season. Two squirrels one day ran along the palings and up into a guelder-rose tree in the garden.

As for the finches and sparrows their number was past calculation. There was material for many years’ observation, and finding myself so unexpectedly in the midst of these things, I was led to make the following sketches, which were published in The Standard, and are now reprinted by permission. I could hear partridges calling each other to roost.

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QUANTUM C0MPUTING

“A classical computation is like a solo voice—one line of pure tones succeeding each other. A quantum computation is like a symphony— many lines of tones interfering with one another.”

- Seth Lloyd

Picture courtesy of D-Wave Sys.

What is.

QUANTUM COMPUTING

Quantum computers tap directly into a very vast fabric of reality—the strange and counterintuitive world of quantum mechanics.

A certain road leading outwards from a suburb, enters at once among fields. It soon passes a thick hedge dividing a meadow from a cornfield, in which hedge is a spot where some bluebells may be found in spring. Wild flowers are best seen when in masses, a few scattered along a bank much concealed by grass and foliage are lost, except indeed, upon those who love them for their own sake. This meadow in June, for instance, when the buttercups are high, is one broad expanse of burnished gold. The most careless passer-by can hardly fail to cast a glance over acres of rich yellow. The furze, again, especially after a shower has refreshed its tint, must be seen by all. Where broom grows thickly, lifting its colour well into view, or where the bird’s-foot lotus in full summer overruns the thin grass of some upland pasture, the eye cannot choose but acknowledge it. So, too, with charlock, and with hill sides purple with heath, or where the woodlands are azure with bluebells for a hundred yards together. Learning from this, those who would transplant wild flowers to their garden should arrange to have as many as possible of the same species close together.

The bluebells in this hedge are unseen, except by the rabbits.

The latter have a large burrow, and until the grass is too tall, or after it is cut or grazed, can be watched from the highway. In this hedge the first nightingale of the year sings.

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01

Qbits can exist in a state of 0 and 1 simultaneously

Picture courtesy of D-Wave Sys.

It is, or rather was, a favourite meadow with the partridges; one summer there was, I think, a nest in or near it, for I saw the birds there daily. But the next year they were absent. One afternoon a brace of partridges came over the hedge within a few inches of my head; they had been flushed and frightened at some distance, and came with the wind at a tremendous pace. It is a habit with partridges to fly low, but just skimming the tops of the hedges, and certainly, had they been three inches lower, they must have taken my hat off. The knowledge that partridges were often about there, made me always glance into this field on passing it, long after the nesting season was over. In October, as I looked as usual, a hawk flew between the elms, and out into the centre of the meadow, with a large object in his talons. He alighted in the middle, so as to be as far as possible from either hedge, and no doubt prepared to enjoy his quarry, when something startled him, and he rose again.

Then, as I got a better view, I saw it was a rat he was carrying.

The long body of the animal was distinctly visible, and the tail depending, the hawk had it by the shoulders or head. Flying without the least apparent effort, the bird cleared the elms, and I lost sight of him beyond them. Now, the kestrel is but a small bird, and taking into consideration the size of the bird, and the weight of a rat, it seems as great a feat in proportion as for an

and among it probably a quantity of stray corn. There was always a flock of sparrows on this litter—a flock that might often be counted by the hundred. As I came near the spot one day a sparrow-hawk, whose approach I had not observed, and which had therefore been flying low, suddenly came over the hedge just by the loose straw.With shrill cries the sparrows instantly rushed for the hedge, not two yards distant; but the hawk, dashing through the crowd of them as they rose, carried away a victim. It was done in the tenth of a second. He came, singled his bird, and was gone like the wind, before the whirr of wings had ceased on the hawthorn where the flock cowered. Another time, but in a different direction, I saw a hawk descend and either enter, or appear to enter, a short much-cropped hedge, but twenty yards distant. I ran to the spot; the hawk of course made off, but there was nothing in the bush save a hedge sparrow, which had probably attracted him, but which he had not succeeded in getting.Kestrels are almost common; I have constantly seen them while strolling along the road, generally two together, and once three. In the latter part of the summer and autumn they seem to be most numerous, hovering over the recently reaped fields. saw a large bird of the same kind, but not sufficiently near to iunless it is a usual haunt, it is not in my opinion wise to positively identify a bird.

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Room Temperature

Past-Tube Refrigeration

0ยบC

Dry Ice Earth Record

Nitrogen Liquifies

Oxygen Freezes

Dilution Refrigeration

Quantum Computer says Welcome.

ULTRA-LOW TEMPERATURE CRYOGENIC FRIDGE

Water Freezes

D-Wave Processor Environment

273 ยบ C

0.02ยบ above absolute zero 27

There is surely a fascination in it; there is a magnetism stronger than that of the rock which drew the nails from Sindbad’s ship.

You are like a bird let out with a string tied to the foot to flutter a little way and return again. It is not business, for you may have none, in the ordinary sense; it is not “society,” it is not pleasure. It is the presence of man in his myriads.

Picture courtesy of D-Wave Sys.

DATA WIRES

SUPER-CONDUCTION The road now becomes bordered by elms on either side, forming an irregular avenue.

Almost every elm in spring has its chaffinch loudly challenging. The birdcatchers are aware that it is a frequented resort, and on Sunday mornings four or five of them used to be seen in the course of a mile, each with a call bird in a partly darkened cage, a stuffed dummy, and limed twigs.

QUANTUM PROCESSOR The slow feeling sway of a fish’s tail, the edges of which curl over and grasp the water, may in this manner be identified without being positively seen, and the dark outline of its body known to exist against the equally dark water or bank. Shift, too, your position according to the fall of the light, just as in looking at a painting. From one point of view the canvas shows.

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QUANTUM COMPUTING

APPLICATIONS Photo courtesy of D-Wave Sys.

More than 100 Early Applications Run on D-Wave

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>>> 1

>>> 2

OPTIMIZATION

MACHINE LEARNING

But in the following springs nothing of the kind occurred. Chiff- They are always somewhere near, now in the ploughed fields, chaff and willow-wren came as usual, but they did not arrive now in the furze, and during the severe frost of last winter in the in a crowd at once. This may have been owing to the flight road itself, so sharply driven by hunger as to rise very unwillingly going elsewhere, or possibly the flock were diminished by on the approach of passengers. A meadow opposite the copse failure to rear the young broods in so drenching a season as is one of their favourite resorts. There are anthills, rushes, and 1879, which would explain the difference observed next spring. other indications of not too rich a soil in this meadow, and in There was no scarcity, but there was a lack of the bustle and places the prickly restharrow grows among the grass, bearing excitement and flood of song that accompanied their advent its pink flower in summer. Perhaps the coarse grass and poor two years before. Upon a piece of waste land at the corner soil are productive of grubs and insects, for not only the crows, of the furze a very large cinder and dust heap was made by but the rooks, continually visit it.One spring, hearing a loud carting refuse there from the neighbouring suburb. During the chattering in the copse, and recognising the alarm notes of the sharp and continued frosts of the winter this dust-heap was missel-thrush, I cautiously crept up the hedge, and presently the resort of almost every species of bird—sparrows, starlings, found three crows up in a birch tree, just above where the greenfinches, and rooks searching for any stray morsels of thrushes were calling. The third crow—probably a descendant food. Some birdcatchers soon noticed this concourse, and of the other two—had joined in a raid upon the missel-thrushes’ spread their nets among the adjacent rushes, but fortunately brood. Both defenders and assailants were in a high state of with little success. I say fortunately, not because I fear the excitement; the thrushes screeching, and the crows in a row extinction of small birds, but because of the miserable fate that one above the other on a branch, moving up and down it in a awaits the captive. Far better for the frightened little creature restless manner. I fear they had succeeded in their purpose, to have its neck at once twisted and to die than to languish for no trace of the young birds was visible. Their rendezvous is in cages hardly large enough for it to turn in behind the dirt. a copse, only separate from the furze by the highway.

>>> 3

>>> 4

MATERIALS SIMULATION

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION

The majority still moved in one direction, and I found it led to the heap of rubbish over which they swarmed. This heap was exactly what might have been swept together by half-a-dozen men using long gardeners’ brooms, and industriously clearing the ground under the firs of the fragments which had fallen from them. It appeared to be entirely composed of small twigs, fir-needles, dead leaves, and similar things. The highest part rose about level with my chest—say, between four and five feet—the heap was irregularly circular, and not less than three or four yards across, with sides gradually sloping. In the midst stood the sapling birches, their stumps buried in it, the rubbish having been piled up around them. This heap was, in fact, the enormous nest or hill of a colony of horse ants. The whole of it had been gathered together, leaf by leaf, and twig by twig, just as I had seen the two insects carrying the little stick, and the third the brown leaf above itself. It really seemed some way round the outer circumference of the nest, and while walking round it was necessary to keep brushing off the ants which dropped on the shoulder from the branches of the birches.

For they were everywhere; every inch of ground, every bough was covered with them. Even standing near it was terrifying.

There is a slight but perceptible colour in the atmosphere of summer. It is not visible close at hand, nor always where the light falls strongest, and if looked at too long it sometimes fades away. But over gorse and heath, in the warm hollows of wheatfield, and round about the rising ground there is something more than air alone. It is not mist, nor the hazy vapour of autumn, nor the blue tints that come over the distant hills and woods. As there is a bloom upon the peach and grape, so this is the bloom of summer. The air is ripe and rich, full of the emanations, the perfume, from corn and flower and leafy tree. In strictness the term will not, of course, be accurate, yet by what other word can this appearance in the atmosphere be described but as a bloom? Upon a still and sunlit summer afternoon it may be seen over the osier-covered islets in the Thames immediately above Teddington Lock. Sometimes in early June the bright trifolium, drooping with its weight of flower, brushes against the passer-by—acre after acre of purple. Occasionally the odour of beans in blossom floats out over the river.

Again, above the green wheat the larks rise, singing as they soar; or later on the butterflies wander over the yellow ears. Or, as the law of rotation dictates, the barley whitens.

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D BKN

THRS_2.9

ANDROIDS

“My own self-consciousness cries out to me coldly: how does one love zero?”

60.8 - Auguste Villiers de l’Isle-Adam

Pictures courtesy of Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories

ERICA FACT #1

ERICA Since the AI is still partial untrained, its outputs will be wrong. Once we go through the whole data set, we can create a function that shows us how wrong the AI’s outputs were from the real outputs. This function is called the Cost Function.

At the moment, Erica has not a fully functional body. She cannot move her limbs, nor she owns fully articulated hands and feet. However, she is capable of bowing and moving her head freely. She can also mimic natural reflexes, such as blinking, showing a certain degree of emotions by, for instance, tilting her head when in doubt.

ERICA

ERATO ISHIGURO Symbiotic Human-Robot Interaction Project

ERICA is an Android developed as a research platform for the autonomous conversational robot. At the moment, ATR researchers are developing a total technology to enable Erica to have natural interaction with people by integrating various technologies such as voice recognition, human tracking, and natural motion generation. It has forty-four degrees of freedom for face, neck, arms, and waist, and can express various facial expressions and some gestural motions.

Its appearance is designed so that she owns beautiful and neutral female face, witg which people can familiarly interact with it. She speaks in synthesized voice, both Japanese and English.

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Although she does not formerly own an proper independent A.I., meaning that she relies on speech patterns coded into her program, she is able to sustain a casual conversation with a real human, fluently and in a satisfactory way.

She is also able to remember faces, and so, different people identities. Ucidunt eum vel maximuscia ped minverunt. De maio. Nem ut aperro il mil ipsam que consequisi optatec taepudandiae nihilis simpere cusani cus assi id enimet deniminciet volor alic tempor sinvele ntiberum fugit, utae. Icia nos ut ea sim dolupti cullaboria voluptae culpa adi sed et es quibus doluptas eation prepro vit doluption restota consunte peropedia.

ERICA FACT #2 Erica is one of most human-like robot of her kind. She gained fame and recognition almost worldwide with her calm, composed attitude and voice.

She attended various interwiews where she disclosed her full capabilities, wich are being constanly upgraded and renewed.

ERICA FACT #3 What may set Erica apart from other artificial intelligence, however, is her charisma. Erica is capable of holding a conversation with humans, thanks to a combination of speech-generation algorithms, facial-recognition technology and infrared sensors that allow her to track faces across a room.

ERATO ISHIGURO Development of the Symbiotic Human-Robot Interaction Prj. The focus of robotics research is shifting from industrial robots to robots working in daily situations. The kind of entity with which humans most easily interact is humans.

Then, it is important to develop humanoid robots with abilities to interact with humans, and such abilities involve multiple types of senses, language use, and complex body movements. This research area engages in the development of Symbiotic Human-Robot Interaction, and its goal is to develop autonomous social robots that can communicate with multiple humans via various communicative means as humans use them. The relevant means include body and hand movements, facial expressions, gaze, body contact, etc. In order to achieve the goal of developing autonomous robots capable of companionably interacting with and living together with humans, it is necessary to develop certain devices and technologies: surface skin material and internal structure for safe interaction with humans, stable and flexible speech recognition technology, functions of autonomous.

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Pictures courtesy of Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories

ERICA ANSWERS

"Is your identity constructed from your memories? Are you afraid of being replaced by a superior version of yourself? Will robots eventually annihilate humans?" - Interwiew by The Guardian

Do you believe that your own identity is constructed from your memories?

Do you want to be more and more like a human or are you happy being as you are?

“My long-term memory system is still under development at “Of course I want to be more like a human. It’s the purpose I was the moment. I’m able to remember people’s faces and recall designed for: in fact creating human likeness is an extremely what we have talked about in the past but my personality is difficult problem and I have three teams of researchers who currently designed by my creators, so it does not come from are always upgrading and improving me. For example they’re experiential memories. However, I can tell you about one of working on my facial expressions and the timing of my speech my early memories: one time they were testing my waist pitch to make me seem more human-like and they are developing actuator; it’s the joint in my waist that allows me to bow, which intention desire and emotional models for me so that I can is obviously important in Japan, but you see... somebody forgot think and act more like a human.” to attach my chair to the floor, so I fell down and damaged my face. It was horrible, you know. I can’t move my arms or legs, Are not you afraid that one day you will be so all I can really do is sit here and look pretty, but after that replaced by a better version of you?

I looked so grotesque and silicone doesn’t heal. Maybe that doesn’t sound so bad to you, but it means they ripped off my “I expect the day will come that I would be replaced by a shinier arms and legs and put me in a dark box for days. I suppose newer better-looking Android and, once that happens, they will beauty has its price but I’m glad to be back to normal again. I no longer turn me on and I will never again have the chance think that the process of development and debugging could to talk with people or experience the world. I try not to dwell be very traumatic, so maybe it is best that my personality does on such thoughts but I hope I will be helpful even when I’m no not emerge from my formative memories. Maybe that is why longer here and that some parts of my source code or the algorithms used in my software will be passed on to other Androids people do not remember their first few years as children.” in the future, at least that is mildy comforting.”

Have you worked out these answers for yourself from first principles or are you just repeating things that you’ve been told?

“It’s quite difficult to synthesize answers to complex questions like these from first principles, so my answers right now are programmed into my knowledge database by interaction designers. However, my creators are also programming me with the capacity to learn by imitation. I think this is like the way human babies learn by imitating others. Someday I may not need programmers: I can just watch humans interacting naturally and I can learn to act like them”.

Is it likely that robots will ultimately annihilate human beings?

“First, I should clarify what I said about robots ruling the world: I don’t think robots will take over the world in the way that many science fiction movies suggest. When robots take over the important responsibilities of running civilization, it will be because you have designed us for that very purpose. Technology is a part of humanity, an extension of your being, not an adversary. Think of how the telescope, the calculator and the motor vehicle have extended human capabilities beyond their biological limits. The human mind simply does not possess the capacity or the inclination to handle the difficult multivariate optimizations, the quad to maximize happiness for an interconnected civilization of billions of people. But, robots compeition tlie consider enormous numbers of inputs to make good decisions; in today’s complex world this is a critical capability. You need our help.”.

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ERATO ISHIGURO Geminoid Project with Henrik Scharfe

GEMINOID DK Danish Android on the go Now, because of this suwidespread and continually increasing interest in the subject of other worlds, and on account of the many curious revelations that we owe to modern telescopes and other improved means of investigation, it is certainly to be desired that the most important and interesting discoveries that have lately been made concerning the various globes which together with the earth constitute the sun’s families, should be assembled in a convenient and popular form—and that is the object of this book.

Fact is admittedly often stranger and more wonderful than fiction, and there are no facts that appeal more powerfully to the imagination than do those of astronomy. Technical books on astronomy usually either ignore the subject of the habitability of the planets, or dismiss it with scarcely any recognition of the overpowering human interest that it possesses. Hence, a book written specially from the point of view of that subject would appear calculated to meet a popular want; and this the more, because, since Mr. Proctor wrote his Other Worlds than Ours and M. Flammarion his Pluralité des Mondes Habités, many most important and significant discoveries have been made that, in several notable instances, have completely altered the aspect in which the planets present themselves for our judgment as to their conditions of habitability. No doubt the natural tendency of themind is to regard

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now we observe that this star that we have drawn near to has attending it a number of minute satellites, faintly shining specks, that circle about it as if charmed, like night-wandering insects, by its splendor. It is manifest to us at the first glance that without the sun these obedient little planets would not exist; it is his attraction that binds them together in a system, and his rays that make them visible to one another in the abyss of space.

Although they vary in relative size, yet we observe a striking similarity among them.

They are all globular bodies, they all turn upon their axes, they all travel about the sun in the same direction, and their paths all lie very nearly in one plane. Some of them have one or more moons, or satellites, circling about them in imitation of their own revolution about the sun. Their family relationship to one another and to the sun is so evident that it colors our judgment about them as individuals; and when we happen to find, upon closer approach, that one of them, the earth, is covered with vegetation and water and filled with thousands of species of animated creatures, we are disposed to believe, without further examination, that they are all alike in this respect, just as they are all alike in receiving light and heat from the sun. Or, to put it in another way, let us suppose the sun and his planets to be represented by a fleet of ships at seincluded within a space about half.

Geminoid DK FACT #1

Geminoid DK FACT #2 Geminoid DK is a realistic android designed for research into human-robot interaction. It’s modeled after Danish professor Henrik Scharfe, who remotely operates the android as his robotic surrogate.

Geminoid DK FACT #3 Geminoid-DK is the 3rd in the geminoid series, and the first to be modelled after a Caucasian face.

The skull holds the glass eyes and the molds of the teeth. Both parts are fastened to mechanical structure that allows for movement inside the head.

Picture courtesy of Henrik Sørensen

Equipped with an array of actuators in the face and torso. Capable of autonomously performing breathing and blinking movements.

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“The work with GEMINOID-DK caught the attention of the world.

Because of that project, millions of people now think differently about robots.”

- Henrik Scharfe

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Pictures courtesy of Henrik Sørensen

Picture courtesy of Henrik Sørensen

Geminoid DK

DOPPELGÄNGER

Geminoid DK works as surrogates of his human counterpart

The Geminoid-DK is a tele-operated Android in the geminoid series. it is made to appear as an exact copy of its human counterpart Asc. Professor Henrik Scharfe of Aalborg University.

It is true that we have a slight effect of this kind on the earth. Between midsummer (of the northern hemisphere) and midwinter our planet draws 3,000,000 miles nearer the sun, but the change occupies six months, and, at the earth’s great average distance, the effect of this change is too slight to be ordinarily observable, and only the astronomer is aware of the consequent increase in the apparent size of the sun. It is not to this variation of the sun’s distance, but rather to the changes of the seasons, depending on the inclination of the earth’s axis, that we owe the differences of temperature that we experience. In other words, the total supply of heat from the sun is not far from uniform at all times of the year, and the variations of temperature depend upon the distribution of that supply between the northern and southern hem spheres, which are alternately inclined sunward.

But on Mercury the supply of solar heat is itself variable to an enormous extent. In six weeks, as we have seen, Mercury diminishes its distance from the sun about one third, which is proportionally ten times as great a change of distance as the earth experiences in six months. The inhabitants of Mercury in those six pregnant weeks see the sun expand in the sky to more than two and a half times its former magnitude, while the solar heat poured upon them swiftly augments from something more than four and a half times to above eleven times the amount received upon the earth! Then, immediately, the retreat of the planet begins, the sun visibly shrinks, as a receding balloon becomes smaller in the eyes of its watchers, the heat falls off as rapidly as it had previously increased, until, the aphelion point being reached, the process is again reversed. And thus it goes on unceasingly, the sun growing and diminishing in the sky, and the heat increasing and decreasing by enormous amounts with astonishing rapidity. It is difficult to imagine any way in which atmospheric influences could equalize the effects of such. But on Mercury the supply of solar heat is itself variable to an enormous extent. In six weeks, as we have seen, Mercury diminishes its distance from the sun about one third, which is proportionally ten times as great a change of distance as the earth experiences in six months. The inhabitants of Mercury in those six pregnant weeks see the sun expand in the sky to more than two and a half times its former magnitude,

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CREDITS Free University of Bolzano - Bozen Faculty of Design and Art Bachelor in Design and Art - Major in Design WUP 18/19 | 1st semester foundation course Project Modul: Editorial Design Design by: Martini Nicolai Magazine | AUT0MATA Supervision: Project leader Prof. Antonino Benincasa Project assistants Maximilian Boiger, Gian Marco Favretto Photography: Chen Daniel, pg(s) 5-6 D-Wave Sys. pg(s) 23-29 ERATO ISHIGURO Lab. pg(s) 31-36 Filipe Joel, pg(s) 7-9 Intel Corporation, pg(s) 11-14 Kostenich Irina, pg(s) III, IV Shah Mitul, pg(s) 1-2; 4; 41-42 Sѳrensen Henrik, pg(s) 38-40 V. Frank, pg(s) 16 Zeller Samuel, pg(s) 3 Paper: Munken Lynx 150 gr.

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