Architecture Portfolio of Selected Works 2022

Anuj Mittal Architect & Computational Designer Portfolio of Selected Works

ABOUT AUTHOR Anuj Mittal is an Architect with expertise in Computation Design, experienced in creating technologically advanced and environmentally conscious design.

His experience of working on both geometrical as well functional aspects of architectural design on various scales, combined with his skills of using computational tools for building analytics and simulation, enables him unique perspective on designing High Performance Architecture.

He has experience of delivering projects of various scales, from furniture, installations, residences, institutions to large scale public projects

Table of Contents 08-17

National Institute for Water Sports | Institutional

18-27

Goa Bazaar | Commercial

28-33

Prefabricated Modular Residence | Residential

34-41

Office Tower | Commercial

42-47

Bio-Climatic Responsive Facade | Academic

48-55

Kaushik Residence | Residential

56-61

Data Informed Structures | Academic

62-65

Metallic Spaces | Teaching

66-69

Timber Tectonics | Workshop

Resume

Anuj Mittal A R C H I T E C T / C O M P U TAT I O N A L D E S I G N E R Licensed Architect at The Council of Architecture (COA), India T: +44-7721688184 // E: anujmittal15@gmail.com // L: https://www.linkedin.com/in/anuj-mittal-39440022/

E DUCATI O N 2017 - 2018

MASTER IN ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IaaC), Barcelona

2008 - 2013

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE School of Planning and Architecture (SPA), New Delhi

E XPER IE NCE 2018 - 2022

M:OFA STUDIOS, NEW DELHI Senior Associate, Project Lead , Computation Design Lead Leading a team of 12 architects including the computation design team Client engagement and presentations Liaison with consultants Site Supervision Talent Acquisition and training

∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 2015 - 2017

FREELANCE ARCHITECT Project Architect Worked on a high end residence,leading the design, documentation and execution Managing the day to day activities on site Site Supervision Liaison with consultants

∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 2013 - 2015

INI CHATTERJI AND ASSOCIATES Junior Architect

2019 - 2021

SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE Visiting faculty Taught architectural design in 5th, 6th and 7th semester.

The design briefs were varied from co-operative housing, master-planning, large span structural design.

∙ ∙ 2018

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE OF CATALONIA Assistant Tutor, Global Summer School (GSS) Technical support for Rhino, Grasshopper and robotic fabrication

∙ 2

S TAT E M EN T Anuj Mittal is an Architect with expertise in Computation Design, experienced in creating technologically advanced and environmentally conscious design.

In his 7.5 years of professional experience, he focused on the algorithmic modeling of complex geometries, data driven design and digital fabrication. He was also heading the computational team at M:oFA Studios, where he was researching on development of mass customized fabrication techniques for factory fitted modular construction.

His experience of working on both geometrical as well functional aspects of architectural design on various scales, combined with his skills of using computational tools for building analytics and simulation, enables him unique perspective on designing High Performance Architecture.

Along with practicing architecture, he enjoys mentoring and speaking with students about the role of technology in the future of architecture.

He has experience of delivering projects of various scales, from furniture, installations, residences, institutions to large scale public projects

SOFTWARE & S KI L L S

PR OJ EC T S

BI M / C A D

INSTITUTIONAL

Rhino3D Advanced knowledge of development strategies for non-linear architectural geometries.

Experienced in quick form-finding using SubD tools, Panelling Tools Analysis and fabrication using RhinoCam. Experienced in generating “file to factory” files.

Goa Bazaar ( M:OFA Studio Pvt Ltd ) Panjim, Goa

∙ ∙ ∙ ∙

ArchiCAD Advanced knowledge of BIM documentation and delivery of architecture projects in ArchiCAD Interpolability between Rhino & ArchiCAD and vice versa.

Clash detection with structural models like Tekla structures using IFC file interoperability.

∙ ∙ ∙

Maya Intermediate knowledge for form-finding and developing quick concept models.

∙

PR O G R A M M IN G & S IMU L AT ION S Grasshopper 3D Advanced knowledge of visual coding for architectural design, development and documentation.

Fully parametric geometry generation to create catalogue of design iterations.

Resolving non linear complex geometries for a buildability point of view.

Optimizing and rationalizing design by simulating external factors such as environmental (sun, wind, noise) , physical / material forces ( Kangaroo and rhinovault 2) Intermediate knowledge of C# in grasshopper including referencing rhino-common API to develop customized components.

Arduino & Raspberry Pi Intermediate knowledge of programming micro-controllers for physical prototypes for sensory inputs.

∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙

PR ES E N TAT I O N Graphic Design Advanced knowledge of Adobe suite including illustrator, inDesign and Photoshop

∙

Rendering Still renders, walkthroughs and VR immersive .exe in Enscape 3D and twinmotion.

∙

entry for the competition hosted by ∙ Winning the Government of Goa to develop a multi-

∙ ∙ ∙ ∙

functional complex It is primarily a art and craft bazaar ( shopping center ) where the shops are given out to upcoming artist from different states of India to showcase the works.

The project was developed by using up-cycled shipping containers which were not in use anymore since the area required per shop could be easily accommodated in a shipping container. This gave us a language for the entire project.

We introduced wind towers into the project which allowed us to capture the cool breeze from the sea and cool the entire complex without any air conditioning.

We ran CFD simulations to arrive at the optimum locations and shape for the wind towers.

Role : Lead Architect Scope of Work: Computation Designer, Design and Detailing National Institute of Water Sports ( M:OFA Studio Pvt Ltd ) Panjim, Goa entry for the competition hosted by the ∙ Winning government of Goa to develop a world class

∙ ∙ ∙ ∙

institute for water sports.

The institute has a parametric form which was modeled in Rhino and resolved in grasshopper.

It has the biggest parametric roof in the country. The entire roof was broken down into smaller parts and was built on site using basic methods.

We ran acoustic simulations for the placement and shapes of acoustic panels between the classrooms.

The project also consists of an Olympic size swimming pool, classrooms, hostels, admin block and auditoriums.

Role : Project Architect Scope of Work : Computational Designer, Automating the work-flow for producing multiple drawings from grasshopper 3

RESIDENTIAL National Institute of Fashion Technology ( M:OFA Studio Pvt Ltd ) Kangra, Himachal Pradesh

∙ ∙ ∙ ∙

Winning entry for the competition hosted by the government of India Extreme care was taken during the construction in order to accommodate the spread of the banyan and the mango tree branches.

We chose to weave the building with the surrounding context; taking cues from the stepped farming that is prevalent in the region.

The pathways become urban streets for interactions between students from different backgrounds and fields.

Role : Computation Designer Scope of Work : Resolution of the undulating roof, concept design and detailing Goa Government Administration Building ( M:OFA Studio Pvt Ltd ) Panjim, Goa Entry hosted by Government of ∙ Competition Goa. cues from the much needed Goan ∙ Taking Work-Life balance, the proposal brings top of the line international standards & amenities to the workplace with large green, accessible public plazas & breakout spaces at the lower levels of the building visually and physically connecting the people to the boardwalk

designed for a family of 7 in Defence ∙ Residence colony, New Delhi. It is designed on a 300 sqyd

∙

plot with a built up area of around 12000 sqft spread on 6 floors.

The house is designed to maximize interaction between the families as well as bring greens into the house.

Role : Lead Architect Scope of Work : Client discussions, Concept design and Concept modelling Dhingra Residence ( M:OFA Studio Pvt Ltd ) New Delhi designed for a couple, both of ∙ Residence whom are musicians. It is designed on a 500

∙ ∙ ∙ ∙

sqyd plot with a built area of around 16000 sqft spread on 6 floors.

The residence is designed almost as a hotel with the private areas separated out on the top 2 floors, which works as stand alone pent house.

Due to the Covid19 Pandemic, the private areas and the back of the house areas have separate air ventilation and circulation.

The entire house is voice controlled.

The structure for the residence was completely prefabricated in steel.

Role : Computation Designer, Scope of Work :Concept Development and Presentation

Role : Lead Architect Scope of Work : Client Discussions and presentations, Liasoning with all the consultants, Concept approval, BIM Modelling and detailing

Adaptive Reuse of Silk Factory ( M:OFA Studio Pvt Ltd ) Srinagar, Kashmir

Khetan Residence ( M:OFA Studio Pvt Ltd ) New Delhi

actions for the Solina are based ∙ Conservation on documentation and research on various

designed for a family of 4 on a plot ∙ Residence size of 250 sqyd with a built up area of 10000

aspects of the buildings as well as a broader understanding of its geographical, historical and architectural context, taking into account its new future use

sqft.

The structure is prefabricated in steel , completely dry construction

Role : Computation Designer, Scope of Work : Concept Development and Presentation 4

Bakhru Residence ( M:OFA Studio Pvt Ltd ) New Delhi

∙

Role : Project Architect, Scope of Work : Client Discussions and presentations, Liasoning with all the consultants, BIM Modelling

ART INSTALLATIONS Pirgal Residence ( M:OFA Studio Pvt Ltd ) New Delhi

Room of Illusions ( M:OFA Studio Pvt Ltd ) New Delhi

designed for a family of Charted ∙ Residence accountants. It is designed on a 350 sqyd plot

aim was to design unique experiences by ∙ The evoking emotions like curiosity, fear, desire

with a built up area of around 13500 sqft spread on 6 floors.

This residence is designed keeping in mind the comfort and requirements for 3 couples as well as a dedicated home office for all the residents

and awe in an otherwise monotonous life. We instinctively rely on our vision, and this exhibition is an attempt to observe the disruption when that very primary sense deceives us.

The installation interacts and responds to each visitor idiosyncratically. Each observer reacts to the illusions differently as per their state of mind or association with the imagery.

∙

∙

Role : Lead Architect Scope of Work : Client discussions, Concept design and Concept modelling Modular Residence ( M:OFA Studio Pvt Ltd ) New Delhi is a concept venture between M:OFA and ∙ This Shark shop-fit, a furniture fabrication company

∙

based in New Delhi.

The residences are based on volumetric prefabricated modular construction, which once developed, potentially could allow a client to order a house through an App and the entire residence would be fabricated in a factory and assembled on site with minimum on site interventions.

Role : Lead Architect Scope of Work : Client discussions, Concept design and detailing Kaushik Residence ( Ini Chatterji and Associates ) Gurgaon designed for 2 families on a plot of ∙ Residence 1000 sqyd conceptualized as twin residences

∙ ∙

with a built up area of around 25000 sqft spread on 4 floors.

The residence is fitted with high end fittings and with highest level of automation.

We ideated the entire residence to be built around a few shear walls built in concrete with exposed finish.

Role : Project Architect Scope of Work : Client discussions, Coordination with all the consultants, On site management of the works

Role : Lead Designer & Developer Scope of Work : Concept Design, Programming of sensors, On site Management Metallic Spaces ( IaaC ) Barcelona project explored advanced design ∙ The thinking, generative algorithms, accompanied

∙ ∙

with novel interfaces for robotic programming and automated construction in form of metal rod bending.

1:1 scale architectural prototype generated through robotic-ally bent steel rods.

The prototype is the result of a 2-week workshop, in the context of the Global Summer School at IaaC

Role : Assistant Tutor - Computation Design Magic Carpet ( IaaC ) Barcelona Magic Carpet, is composed out of wooden ∙ The cross sections that create folded surfaces,

∙ ∙

which can be used as sitting, lounging or working spaces. The idea behind the structural design is that the final 3D surface model should not be able to be unfolded, making it self-lock in place.

Structural Design and Analysis through Karamba, a grasshopper plug-in 1:1 scale architectural prototype generated

Role : Structural Analysis and Fabrication

5

WOR K S H O P S Fashioning fabricators for flexible forms ( Digital Futures 2019 ) Tongji University, Shanghai

∙

∙

Involved in the assembly, choreography, and installation stages of a bespoke multi-robot system, generated to manipulate the shared environment with humans. The choreography of the machine movements as it relates to physical space and human interaction were at the core of the workshop.

The bespoke robot was operated on raspberry Pi controlled via grasshopper in Rhino.

RhinoVault 2 ( Digital Futures 2020 ) Zoom

∙ ∙ ∙

Learnt how to design efficient, compressiononly shell structures using RhinoVAULT 2 (RV2), a funicular form-finding plug-in for Rhino 6+ developed at ETH Zurich by the Block Research Group. RV2 is based on the COMPAS framework Developed conceptual designs for a shell structure pavilion Learnt how to integrate a vast ecosystem of open source COMPAS packages into the RV2 work-flow through basic Python scripting

Timber Tectonics ( Digital Futures 2021 ) Zoom workshop focused on the synthesis of ∙ The shapes that guarantee structural and fabrication

∙ ∙

6

optimality.

It was a collaborative design exercise exploring the design space of topologies that seeks synergies of tacit mesh modeling with computational form-finding, digital timber and RDF (robotic and digital fabrication).

Form finding done using 3D graphic statics in Maya using MayaVault developed by BRG and ZHCode in collaboration,

Earth Construction SECMOL, Leh Ladakh how to identify, interact with and ∙ Learnt understand soils and their behaviour. Building

∙ ∙

with different earthen techniques; elements and anatomy of earthen buildings.

In this workshop, we constructed a model standalone hostel room for 2 occupants. The entire construction was using natural materials around the site.

It included stone foundation, rammed earth walls, Adobe walls produced on site, straw clay roof and plaster.

Bamboo Construction Kosi, Uttarakhand how to identify different species of ∙ Learnt bamboo and their behaviour. with different bamboo techniques; ∙ Building elements and anatomy of bamboo construction. the workshop, we constructed a 2 storied ∙ Invillage center for Kosi as part of flood relief.

We were to Chemical treatment of ∙ Bamboo tointroduced increase longitivtiy of the structure, robust Bamboo joining technique, details for incorporating Bamboo in stub foundation.

RE SE A R C H AN D P U B L IC AT ION S

TEACHING

The Future of Technology in Architecture IFJ Magazine

School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi Architecture Design (AD5, AD6 and AD7)

in IFJ magazine ∙ Published Article about the future of technology in ∙ Architecture, especially in the upcoming Indian

Stadium Design as large span structure ∙ Cricket for 4th year Design Studio for 3rd year Design Studio ∙ Master-planning Co-operative housing for 3rd year Design ∙ Studio

∙ ∙ ∙ ∙

architecture firms.

Automating the design process Immersive visualization as a feedback loop BIM and its mass appeal Fabrication methodologies with existing technologies in the Indian market

Role : Co-Author Context in a Contest School of Planning and Architecture is to understanding relevance and ∙ Attempt present definition of ‘context’ in Architecture. as part of the Seminar book in the ∙ Published School of planning and architecture

Role : Visiting Faculty Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia, Barcelona Global Summer School Design teaching assistant and ∙ Computation helping resolve the doubts for students with

∙ ∙

their grasshopper definitions Produced a 1:1 scale installation made with bent rods fabricated using KUKA robot.

Interaction with the installation using LED strip lights and Arduino touch sensors.

Role : Assistant Tutor Role : Co-Author Bhopal : Documentation and Intervention School of Planning and Architecture

∙ ∙

Study of selected precincts, collection of archival information, Spatial and growth patterns of selected areas, Detailed survey of Iqbal Maidan and proposals for intervention.

Published as part of the documentation study in School of Planning and Architecture

Future Studio 2 Parametric Workshop the basics for Rhino and grasshopper ∙ Taught Instilling thinking in students to be ∙ applied inalgorithmic the projects Role : Teacher

Role : Co-Author

7

2019 // M:OFA STUDIOS

01

National Institute for Water Sport

Role : Lead Computational Designer Scope of Work : Resolving roof geometry through panelization, Automating the workflow for producing multiple drawings from grasshopper, Liasoning with the fabricator Software Used : Rhino, Grasshopper

T

he National Institute of Water Sports (NIWS) is a designated center under Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM) which is run by Tourism Ministry, India. The Institute is the only one of its nature in South Asia, acting as the apex body for training, education, consultancy and research on areas related to recreational and leisure Water-sports.

The building in this case is just a link between the land and the sea. Located at the sea front in Panjim, Goa; National Institute of Water Sports carries the largest digitally fabricated roof. Designed as a parametric diagrid structure it sweeps over the entire institute like a wave inspired from the adjoining sea.

Architecturally the project has been designed as a transitional space between the visitor and the sea. A grid shell structure resolved using trapezoidal paneling; the 4000 Sq ft. roof for NIWS drapes the entire complex like a free flowing fabric.

Location : Goa

8

Built up Area : 6000 sqm

Stage : Design Development

sant explam derchillam sime officienim quae veni rempos peroreptas ditempores conecte ndelitium doluptaectes etur, conseque et is atur acerum fuga.ofItat Birds eye view the project

9

2019 // M:OFA STUDIOS

Image showing the paper model and the translation of waves to the conceptual paper models

The paper model being translated into lines to be taken into 3D modeling software

Image showing the paper model and the translation of waves to the conceptual paper models

The paper model being translated into lines to be taken into 3D modeling software

10

Concept The building is in constant motion, ever changing, rising and falling like the waves of the sea that twist and knot every surfer into its folds. From this prolonged tension, arises a moment where the surfer takes over the sea (or the sea carries the surfer) and rides the waves, thereby creating this peculiar balance between the knotted forces pitted against each other.

Left : The lines extracted from the physical model translated into 3D software Right : Initial concept model for the competition winning entry.

11

2019 // M:OFA STUDIOS

A

3D rendition of the finalized design with all components resolved, ready for fabrication

12

Section A A

1

5

MS plates to support th secondary structure

Primary Structure

2

6

Skylight curbs

Stub Columns

3

7

Secondary Structure

MS Angles for supporting the Cement Board

4

Cement Board Fixing with Polyurea waterproof

8

Frames for the skylight and galvalume sheeting

13

2019 // M:OFA STUDIOS

View of the 3D model with resolved structure

View of the actual building during construction

Roof modules built on site with basic equipment following the breakdown system of fabrication with low tech MARKING PLAN: MODULE-M 03b

KEY PLAN :-

GENERAL NOTES :1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM

3. Each module has been represented with a local origin marked in the drawing above.

14

REFERENCE DRAWINGS NO DWG. NO. 1. A-79/FAB/R-01/CO-01 2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

TITLE ROOF 1 COORDINATION PLAN

PROJECT:

CLIENT

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER SPORTS

Owner's Signature

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER SPORTS, CARANZALEM GOA

DATE

23.09.2014

Sample drawing set released to the fabricator. The roof module are made using MS Rectangular sections

2. X, Y, Z Represents the three dimensional coordinates of each module taken from the roof layout of part 3.

4 Centre line for each member passes through the base surface of the member. Each member has thus been named with their respective points.

m :o f a s t u d i o s p v t. l t d.

REVISIONS/ADDITIONS

NO DATE R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6

ISSUED

DESCRIPTION

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS

Goa State Industrial & Infrastructural Development Corporation

architecture & urban landscape 16/12, lower ground floor, kalkaji, new delhi-110019 Ph. 011-40513867, 40513868 fax: 011-26287786 email: contact@mofastudio.com

SCALE

PROJECT INCH. ABHISHEK DEALT BY

1:10

PLANNING ENGINEER TANUSHREE GULATI APPROVED BY M.GULATI

(INDIA) PVT LTD

CONSULTANT SIGNATURE :

Architect's Signature

DRAWING TITLE :FABRICATION DRAWING

NORTH. :-

ROOF 1 MODULE-M03b

DRAWING NO :

A79/FAB/R01/MOD-M 03b

REVISION

n

View of the actual building during construction

View of the 3D model with resolved structure

Parametric roof and wall resolved on the Rhino before fabrication

15

2019 // M:OFA STUDIOS

16

Aerial view of National Institute of Water Sports (Under Construction) coming up in Goa. The entire parametric roof and many other components of the project were digitally fabricated in factories and assembled on site

Fabricating bespoke mass- customized Architecture National Institute of Water Sports carries the largest digitally fabricated roof in India. Designed as a parametric diagrid structure it sweeps over the entire institute like a wave inspired from the adjoining sea.

Rationalizing, optimizing and resolving the complex geometry using digital tools along with out experience of working with local skilled and unskilled manual labour at an earlier stage helped us develop fabrication techniques which allowed us to build the roof at a very low cost.

17

2021 // M:OFA STUDIOS

02

Goa Bazaar

Role : Lead Architect Scope of Work : Concept Design and Detailing, Computation Designer, developing the workflow of CFD to study the effect of wind on the UTCI, Software Used : Rhino, Grasshopper, ArchiCAD The Goa Bazaar, is a place of cultural amalgamation of past and future. By Promoting the local crafts, like the art of ship building from Goa, the potentials of many local artists from Goa would be explored.

Each side of the site creates various zones of interaction, which are broadly divided by activities- eat, play and shop.

The shops are located along the southwest edge of the site, with the presence of a natural water reservoir in the center.

Along the north edge of the site lies food promenade, giving the local character and celebrate the street culture of Goa. The multilevel car park on the east edge of the site, grows like the hills overlooking the oceans. The local materials have been used; from laterite stone for flooring, coconut wood and tensiles as a protection against the weather.

Within the landscape of backwaters there are ships and sails which resemble a fishermen’s village. Composition of these elements together draws its inspiration from maritime industry of Goa, which was once a hub of trade and cultural activity. With time, the meanings of culture and traditions have changed but the essence of ‘people coming together’ remains.

Location : Goa

18

Built up Area: 10000 sqm

Stage : Tender

sant explam derchillam sime officienim quae veni rempos peroreptas ditempores conecte ndelitium doluptaectes etur, conseque et is atur acerum fuga. Itat

19

2021 // M:OFA STUDIOS

Conceptual Hypothesis Urban areas restrict air movement, causing airflow in urban street canyons to be much lower than the flow above the buildings. Boosting nearground wind speed can enhance thermal comfort in warm climates by increasing skin convective heat transfer as well improve in ventilating the built structures by flushing them with fresh cooler wind from the sea. We explored the potential of a wind catcher to direct atmospheric wind into urban street canyons.

Subsequently, poor pedestrian-level ventilation can exacerbate UHI and exposes urban dwellers

to a higher air temperature. This factor, together with the decreased wind speed at the pedestrian level, cause a significant threat to human thermal comfort in urban areas.

Second, building energy consumption is closely-tied with the pedestrian-level ventilation and the canyon air temperature. Accordingly, improving ventilation in street canyons is instrumental for achieving a low-energy urban design.

Therefore, it is paramount that we evaluate the methods of enhancing wind speed in urban street canyons.

Data of Panjim illustrated with the average annual wind speed 9° - 26° The UTCI ranges between the comfortable range for people for

23% of the year

26° - 32° The UTCI ranges between the moderate stress range for people for 67% of the year

32° - 38° The UTCI ranges between the strong stress range for people for 09% of the year

20

UTCI ( Universal thermal climate Index ) UTCI is the equivalent temperature for the environment derived from a reference environment. It is regarded as one of the most comprehensive indices for calculating heat stress in outdoor spaces. The parameters that are taken into account for calculating UTCI involve dry temperature, mean radiation temperature, the pressure of water vapor or relative humidity, and wind speed.

Perhaps the most familiar application of UTCI is the “feels like” temperature given on the weather apps. UTCI is divided into 10 groups ranging from extreme cold stress to extreme heat stress.

UTCI (°C) range Stress Category

Above 46

38 to 46

32 to 38

26 to 32

9 to 26

0 to 9

-13 to 0

-27 to -13

-27 to -40

Below -40

Extreme heat stress

Very strong heat stress

Strong heat stress

Moderate heat stress

No therSlight cold Moderate Strong Very Extreme mal stress stress cold stress cold stress strong cold stress cold stress

Data of Panjim illustrated with increased average wind speed 9° - 26° The UTCI ranges between the comfortable range for people for

44% of the year

26° - 32° The UTCI ranges between the moderate stress range for people for 52% of the year

32° - 38° The UTCI ranges between the strong stress range for people for 03% of the year

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2021 // M:OFA STUDIOS

Computational Fluid Dynamic CFD is the analysis of fluid flows using numerical solution methods.

We know that the construction of building changes the micro-climate in its vicinity. Wind speed, wind direction, air pollution, radiation and daylight are all examples of physical that constitute the outdoor climate and that are changed by the presence of the building.

Most people, without a sound grounding in the science of fluid dynamics, frequently reach wrong conclusions regarding the relationship between the shape of an object and its interaction with the surrounding airflow. The Simulation data from CFD gives us the vectors of the resultant wind after the interaction with the built environment. The visualization of this data helps us understand the impact of the building on its surrounding.

CFD Work-flow developed for the project

Site 22

Site raw data

Welcome to the zoo Grasshopper

Data An

nalysis

Monthly Wind Rose

January

February

July

August

Simulation

March

September

April

October

Data to Visualize

May

June

November

December

Visualization Result 23

2021 // M:OFA STUDIOS

Results The Wind speed is never uniform. The speed increases as we go away from the ground. The wind speeds near the ground are close to 1-1.2m/ s whereas the speed at 30m is around 4.5-5.0 m/s.

The Section of the site without the wind towers shows that majority of the wind at high speeds are lost due to non obstructions and the wind at the ground further reduces down to 0.2-0.8m/s due to obstruction of the buildings.

Section A shows the affect of the wind tower on the high velocity wind at 26m of height. The geometry of the tower forces the wind to travel down the spine of the tower and flushes the containers with wind which is at 3.2-3.5 m/s that comes under the category of gentle breeze as per the Beaufort range.

High stress 03%

or

l ve

67%

le

er

d

l With the tower

23%

Mo

eve

m fortable

r es derate st

sl

44%

tab

Co

Mo 52%

24

High stress 09% Comf

ate s ss le tre Without the tower

Section of the site without the Towers

Section A

25

2021 // M:OFA STUDIOS F

E

G

CFD @ 0.5 m Ground Level

A

C

B

D

F

The percentage increase of the wind speed on the ground is 220% CFD @ 1.75 m E

G

Ground Floor Level

A

C

B

D

F

The percentage increase of the wind speed on the ground floor is 230% CFD @ 4.75 m E

G

First Floor Level

A

C

B

D

F

The percentage increase of the wind speed on the first floor is 200% CFD @ 7.75 m E

G

Second Floor Level

A

C

B

D

The percentage increase of the wind speed on the second floor is 210%

26

Conclusion The following observations were made: A) Because of the geometry, the Wind towers capture the wind in 2 ways. They capture the wind from the high above through specifically designed spoiler and the captured wind ventilates the containers that are placed inside the tower as well as throw a gush of wind at the walkways that are adjacent to the containers B) The geometry of the tower is inspired by the hull of the boats and hence aerodynamically, it is able to dissipate the force of the wind to the side easily. The gaps between the towers act as funnels for the wind to be directed to specific zones on the site.

C)The percentage of hours between 9°C to 26°C (no thermal stress) will be increased from 23% to 44%.

27

2021 // M:OFA STUDIOS

03

Prefabricated Modular Residences

Role : Lead Architect Scope of Work : Concept Design and Detailing, Presentations, Developement of a tool in grasshopper to generate the iterations as well as resolve the structure interactively Software Used : Rhino, Grasshopper

T

he Vision was to create a brand of luxury smart homes fitted with all modern amenities, inbuilt automation, IoT controlled systems, customizable at a click of the button. We will have a catalog of architectural framework, with other customizable ‘kit of parts’ functional modules that can be changed keeping the architectural language intact. These luxury homes can be thought of like products, which are detailed to the last screw, and ready to go under production with a 4-month end to end delivery on-site, ready to move in.

Prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC) is a construction method whereby free-standing units are manufactured and assembled in an off-site fabrication facility before being transported whole to the building site where it is then installed. Where it differs from the previous prefab systems is that in this case the finishes for the walls, ceilings, and floors are all done in the off-site facility. It increases productivity significantly – up to 50% in most cases. As a consequence the construction process is sped up dramatically, and requires less manpower, resulting in very tangible cost and time savings. By carrying out a lot of the work off-site, and not just offsite but in a controlled, factory environment there are substantial improvements in safety, as well as a vast reduction in noise pollution and dust at the building site.

Location : Delhi

28

Built up Area: 30sqm - 180 sqm

Stage : Concept

sant explam derchillam sime officienim quae veni rempos peroreptas ditempores conecte ndelitium doluptaectes etur, conseque et is atur acerum fuga. Itat

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2021 // M:OFA STUDIOS

1

2

Selection of Modules

Iterations of Modules in 3D massing

3

Selection of with the clie

Office Module Bedroom Module

Lounge Module

Dining Module Bar Module Services Module Kitchen Module Store Module Playroom Module

Bathroom Module Garage Module

Stair Module

WIC Module

Selected Option f Deck Module Powder room Module Corridor Module Foyer Module

Catalogue of Functional Modules

30

Catalogue of 3D massing made up of selected functional modules

We developed a tool in the offi selectively curated catalogue of funct list of requirements for a residence, b identified. The selected functional mod and 2D plans for approval of the clien select from.

Once the Ideal set of plans and 3D the 3D massing and plans into 3D fa factory and transported to the site.

The tool allows us to generate a fu in Rhino. Once the model is ready, it services.

f Iteration complying ent brief

for the residence

4

Structure Resolution Tool

Adding construction modules

Adding floors and ceiling

Adding Double Height Module

Adding extra columns and removing columns

Adding Walls

Adding Windows

fice to quickly generate iterations from a tional modules. The client comes up with a based on which the functional modules are dules are arranged in 3D for a quick massing nt and about 50 iterations are generated to Adding Doors

D is selected, our tool is used to break down abricated modules that can be built in the

ully compliable BIM model from basic curves t can be sent to ArchiCAD for resolution of Adding Skylights

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2021 // M:OFA STUDIOS

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2020 // M:OFA STUDIOS

04

Office Tower

Role : Computation Designer Scope of Work : Concept Development, Presentation, Concept Modelling and Simulations Software Used : Rhino, Grasshopper

O

ne of its kind, the highest signature tower of Goa at 75 Meters, the form of Panaji Towers is almost reminiscent of an Old Ship,perhaps a ship suspended in space, at the illustrious Gopakapattinam port.

Standing symbolically between the up worldly-modern Patto Plaza & the traditional part of Goa, the tower stands deeply rooted in its soul , looking ahead at the future.

Taking cues from the much needed Goan Work-Life balance, it brings top of the line international standards & amenities to the workplace with large green, accessible public plazas & breakout spaces at the lower levels of the building visually and physically connecting the people to the boardwalk.

WORK Location : Panjim, Goa

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PLAY Built up Area : 40000sqm

MEET Stage : Competition

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2020 // M:OFA STUDIOS

2

1

Site with 40% ground coverage build-able area marked out

3

Splitting the total volume into 3 parts according to the functions and introducing green terraces on top of every roof

5

Introducing the urban connectors through the massing to make the site more inviting for the locals

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Splitting the ‘massing into 4 parts of varied sizes to accommodate offices of different sizes

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Total built volume at 3 FSI as per the bye-laws

4

Sloping the ‘Play’ massing to the ground to allow all visitors to reach the intensive roof garden

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The sky garden creating open plaza and viewing deck to the river

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Introducing a sky bar and a revolving restaurant at the highest level of the building for the office users to unwind

Giving back the land to the local communities without interfering with the office functions

Rather than being a closed gated office, the project becomes a public project through design.

The building has been designed to look after the mental wellbeing of the employees happiness as a sustainability factor. With almost 8 Sqm / employee green cover, the tower provides many visual and physical breakout spaces namely the sky gardens, observatory, revolving restaurants, the promenade at the plaza level as well as connectivity to the boardwalk.

26% BUA 74%

OPEN GREENS

The convention center is designed to cater to international and national level conferences of varied gathering sizes. It includes meeting spaces, auditoriums, networking lounges and conference areas. It is connected visually with the main plaza and can be used exclusively without any interference. Since it is located in the CBD area, the travel time of government officials reduces significantly.

Dignitaries from honorable PM to CM could land at the helipad and fly back in minimum time without any traffic congestion.

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2020 // M:OFA STUDIOS

Bio-climatic section with energy saving strategies Photo voltaic cells, Passive night ventilation and geothermal to bring down the latent heat in offices, STP water for flushing & landscape, low emissivity glass, LED fixtures, smart sensors & security systems are just some of the long list of green practices incorporated to bring down the carbon footprint of the building Since tenants will require varied sizes, the ideology of one size fits all doesn’t work anymore.

Hence, The towers have been designed with floor plates of different sizes to have optimal office sizes to give the most effective per employee area utilization while allowing maximum penetration of daylight to save energy costs.

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PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS roof top photovoltaic panels for generating electricity BENTONITE CLADDING the walls cladded with bentonite for cleaning the microclimate by absorption of particulate matter RADIANT COOLING THROUGH CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM EXTENSIVE GARDENS extended slabs accomodating extensive gardens, functions as passive solar shading devices UTILISATION OF NATURAL WIND SPEED FOR A SELF REGULATED VENTILATION SYSTEM VIEWING DECKS AT VARIOUS LEVELS OVERLOOKING THE GREEN-COVERED COASTLINE WITH INTENSIVE GARDENS, THE ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF THE SURROUNDINGS ARE RESTORED

GEOTHERMAL COOLING A closed loop system brings water from river tributary as a supplement to the radiant cooling system Views of various aspects of the project

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2020 // M:OFA STUDIOS

HELIPAD REVOLVING RESTAURANT ATRIUM HEAT EXCHANGE

High level ceiling exhause ensures complete emptying of warm air in the ceiling spaces

RCC CORE SKYBAR

WIND CAPTURE SCREEN

Self adjusting louver screens assist in reduction of latent heat inside the building with ingress of fresh air from nortern and eastern direction especially at heights above 20 M when the temperature drops down and provide open views

SUB FRAME

SKY GARDEN

Terrace gardens assist shading, glare and air quality.

Access to nature enhances productivity by relieving stress

VIERENDEEL TRUSS

UNIFIED OFFICE COMPLEX

2044 sqm of unified office space

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ROOFTOP ENERGY GENERATION

includes photovoltaic cells and solar hot water panels

LOW EMISSIVITY DOUBLE GLAZING OFFICE COMPLEX

FRAME

4 Types of office spaces Type 1 // 4 floors // 600 sqm Type 2 // 5 floors // 450 sqm Type 3 // 5 floors // 1050 sqm Type 4 // 5 floors // 850 sqm

RAIN SHADING SCREEN

Self adjusting louver screens on the southern and western facade protect the building from predominantly south western monsoon and reduce the heat gain drastically during summer months

SUB FRAME

EXTENSIVE ROOF GARDEN

INTENSIVE ROOF GARDEN HIGH STREET RETAIL

extensive mix of functions

CONVENTION CENTRE

consists of meeting spaces , auditoriums , Networking lounges and conference area Auditorium 1 // 1200 seater Auditorium 2 // 450 seater Auditorium 3 // 600 seater

GEOTHERMAL COOLING

using geothermal cooling with heat sink in a closed loop system where river or ground water can be used to reduce air conditioning load by upto 50%

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2018 // IAAC

05

Bio-climatic Responsive Facade

Role : Academic Scope of Work : Designing and prototyping the bio-Climatic responsive facade Software Used : Rhino, Grasshopper, Machine Learning

P

neume is a rise rise, responsive facade project developed at the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC).

The project looked at the overall development of a sustainable architecture; from the structure, the material, the economics, the construction cost, the energy consumption to the social responsiveness and the various other strategies that one would need to focus to be an architect in the coming years.

The project was focused on the development of a passive adaptive kinetic skin system which could protect the inhabitants from the outside environment. Often, skins are called upon to perform functions that are contradictory to each other. They are responsible for allowing as much solar heat in as possible, while also responsible for keeping it out at other times. They are responsible for keeping the weather outside of the buildings, but also called upon to let the building breathe. They are asked to shelter the inhabitants and keep them secure, while also allowing them to view the outside and still feel connected to nature.

Location : Barcelona

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Stage : Academic

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2018 // IAAC

Sunlight and Radiation data collection The involvement of machine intelligence carries the process of design into a new association between two species which continuously influence each other during the search for an ideal design solution. Such design methodology is of high importance for a more integrated information rich and creative design thinking.

The skin is attached to the structure at various nodes which allow the movement of upto 2M to and away from the structure to facilitate mutual shading. The aperture opening on the facade is directly proportional to the amount of radiation the face receives in any given hour.

Base Surface

Nodes movement flexibility

Scaling of openings depending on radiation

Based on these criteria, a Pseudo code was written to arrive at the best solutions at different times of the year.

Maximum Sunlight Hours // Minimum Radiation March, April, May, September, October Maximum Sunlight Hours // Maximum Radiation January, February, November, December Minimum Sunlight Hours // Minimum Radiation June, July, August Multi objective search graph with selections

Pseudo Code

grasshopper ladybug

grasshopper ladybug

1

2

parameters

3 mesh 1

4 radiation analysis

parameters adjusting opening size

geometry

11 optimised parameters

9

10A

{ } { }

input tensor set

{ }

8 -sunlight hours -radiation -thermal climate index -wind speed -dry bulb temperature -relative humidity -barometric pressure -humidity ratio

output tensor set

machine learning

trained neural network

genetic optimisation

7

10

44

6

sunlight analysis

mesh 2

-sunlight hours -radiation -thermal climate index -wind speed -dry bulb temperature -relative humidity -barometric pressure -humidity ratio

5

parameters

optimised geometry

Machine Learning The project integrates advanced modeling and heuristic search strategies to design work-flow for managing and communicating multi-criteria search in the early design phase. It focuses on novel strategies for the formulation of design problems within the setting of high performance, cloud-enabled, multi-objective search.

January Total Radiation - 31.4 Total Sunlight - 96

February Total Radiation - 59.6 Total Sunlight - 114

March Total Radiation - 35.7 Total Sunlight - 109

April Total Radiation - 37.9 Total Sunlight - 115

May Total Radiation - 39.8 Total Sunlight - 114

June Total Radiation - 33.3 Total Sunlight - 118

July Total Radiation - 39.5 Total Sunlight - 105

August Total Radiation - 42.5 Total Sunlight - 116

September Total Radiation - 50.0 Total Sunlight - 115

October Total Radiation - 59.3 Total Sunlight - 108

November Total Radiation - 47.4 Total Sunlight - 99

December Total Radiation - 46.5 Total Sunlight - 102

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2018 // IAAC

Solar Chimney for creating a draft of air flow in summer and storing the heat in winter ETFE Cushion for protecting the vapour actuating membrane

Mistifiers for controlling the microclimate

Inner skin for the solar chimney and ventilation Vapour actuating membrane

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The ETFE cushions are allowed to move at specific locations with the help of machine learning to reduce the overall radiation gain from the sun

Vapour pressure actuation of the facade

Moving sleeves connecting the solar chimney with the building for ventilation

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2015 // IC&A

06

Kaushik Residence

Role : Project Architect Scope of Work : Concept Design and Detailing, Client Presentations, Liasoning with consultants, On-site management of the works Software Used : AutoCAD, Rhino Kaushik Residence is located on a high-lying site in the Suncity Estate in Gurgaon, India where privacy, open space, protection of fauna and flora, and a peaceful atmosphere are the primary objectives.

Designed to ‘tread lightly’ on the natural landscape, the residence is geometrically composed of two rectangular concrete boxes, both of which are at 60 degrees to each other in order to follow the Vaastu. The cross-ventilation of the atrium, controlled by operating the windows on the bridges, can be enhanced through thermal stacking in the summer months aided by an evaporative cooler for humidification and through a wind tunnel effect during the monsoons.

Open plan and outdoor living areas are connected seamlessly by means of large glass sliding doors on the ground floor. The pool deck features an automated sliding cover. Architecturally speaking, a brutalist design approach showcases bare building materials and structural elements over decoration, aspiring to create a simple, honest, and functional building with overall visual coherence.

Location : Gurgaon

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Built up Area : 3500 sqm

Stage : Completed

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2015 // IC&A

Planning Concepts 1

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Site Plan with Set backs according to Bye-Laws

2

Conventional way of building on the entire site allowed so as to maximize the habitable area

3

Carving out the courtyard space to enhance the quality of space and bringing the columns closer to the center

4

Reducing the column size by making shear walls. Concrete structural walls

5

Shading the glass facade of the building from the intense heat of solar radiation.

Massing Study

Basic division of the square plot into 2 parts for the twin residence

Increasing the width of the floor as you go up so as to shade the floor below

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2015 // IC&A

BIO - CLIMATIC STUDY

21 June 1300 hrs

S

nels Solar Pan a P r a els ol

21 Dec 1300 hrs

21 Dec 1300 hrs

Mist Humidifier

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The building was punctured by various sunken courtyards. Right in the middle of the site , The swimming pool cools down the intermediate area between the 2 residences by at least 5 °C. Mist Humidifiers were placed around the building to further cool down the hot air from the arid desert.

21 June 1300 hrs

anels

P Solar

Solar

Pane

ls

Solar Panels placed on east west direction to get a more stable power generation

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2015 // IC&A

SHUTTERING DETAILS

T

he shuttering was made on site by skilled carpenters. Extreme care was taken to keep to the shuttering in line and level during casting of concrete since there was no margin of error.

The Services were cast along with the walls.

The entire building was planned accordingly.

SHUTTERING PLAN

FRAME ELEVATION

TYPICAL SHUTTERING SECTION

INSIDE ELEVATION

SEQUENCE

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1

3

5

7

2

4

6

8

Plans - Built up Top Roofing The top roof made up of Zinc sheets is also the structure for the Solar Panels.

Second Floor The Second floor has the service areas of both the houses.

The outdoor Units of the HVAC system, the Hybrid Solar inverter and the battery banks, The Solarcum-electric Boiler.

Along with the service areas, the second floor also has the Guest Bedrooms

First Floor The First Floor is the main Habitable space for both the buildings. The master Bedroom along with the Master Lounge take up the major area. Rest of the area is taken by the personal kitchen and a Kids Bedroom.

Ground Floor The Ground Floor contains the formal areas of the house.

The main entry foyer leads to the Drawing Room attached with Dining room and a secondary living area. The main Kitchen of the house is located on this floor.

Lower Ground Floor The Lower Ground Floor is the heart of the house. The swimming pool is on this level along with all the other entertainment areas.

The home theatre, Games Room, Party Hall and the Pool Lounge.

The Gym and the Office are on this level as well.

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2018 // IAAC

07

Data Informed Structures

Role : Seminar Project Scope of Work : Structural Analysis, Prototype Building, KUKA Operation Software Used : Rhino, Grasshopper, Karamba, RhinoCAM

T

he seminar was focused towards making structural design an integral part of the design process for architects using the computational tools available.

A large part of the seminar was dedicated to understanding Karamba, structural analysis plug-in for Grasshopper with hands on work on the site followed by lectures and practical sessions, which included tests and simulations.

Key focus was to develop a structural principles of a “Mushroom”, which could pop out of anywhere while keeping the surroundings of the space in mind. We fabricated the proposed structure during a week-long workshop. The entire focus was given on studying the structure in-depth and preparing the fabrication files for the 1:1 structure.

The entire structure is held in place by metal cables which are threaded through the members. The joinery is only between the carpet and the frame and not between each member.

Location : Barcelona

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Stage : Academic

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2018 // IAAC

Design Principle The stiffness of the overall form is determined by its ability to resist unfolding. With a purely extruded surface, it unfolds with virtually no resistance - which can be seen clearly in the unrolled geometry. We found that the more gaps in the unrolled surface equaled to greater resistance to unfolding.

Shear Load Analysis

Triangulated + Ruled Surface - Unrolled

Triangulated + Ruled Surface

The deformation decreases by 25% with the cables The location and size of the rods is defined according To the shear diagrams

Post Tensioning Analysis Extruded Surface - Unrolled

Bottom cables - continuous Top cables - non continuous

Extruded Surface

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Structural Principle The Magic Carpet depends on geometric locking to keep a stable form and minimize deformations due to the completely hinged joinery between the elements which depends on a basic consecutive hinges principle.

NON DEVELOP-ABLE SURFACE

POST TENSIONING CABLES

In order to make the Magic Carpet work, the edge rows had to be locked under this principle to keep the edge rows from deforming and affecting the global geometry and to make sure the geometric lock happens afterwards.

GEOMETRIC LOCKING

Hinges Principle - Rotational Lock Braces

Structure Analysis Depending on the global structural analysis of Magic Carpet, diagonal and parabolic cables were inserted to the surfaces which are serving as beams. With the insertion of the cables, the significant differences in displacement values* of the system can be observed under various load cases Deformation

Shear

Utilization

Bending Moment MY

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2018 // IAAC

Fabrication Strategy All the surface has more than three edges, and the edges are more than 100mm, in order to avoid pieces that are too small and hard to fabricate.

Joints for end-condition

1

3

Wedge detail for end junctions of the curved cables

Splicing solution for junctions where the cables are bending at sharp angles

Termination detail of the cables

2

4

Assembly Strategy

1A Measure and cut the piece

1B Chamfering the edges

1C

Sorting the pieces

2C

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1D Assembling the first

Final structure On wheels

2A

Preparing the perimeter frame simultaneously

2B

Threading the elements to form the structure

few contours on the ground

Making holes using ABB along the vector

Filleting the blocks for aesthetics

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2018 // IAAC

08

Metallic Spaces

Role : Workshop Teaching Assistant Scope of Work : Algorithm resolution for the students, Grasshopper definition for KUKA Software Used : Rhino, Grasshopper

T

he workshop took place in IAAC , Barcelona under the banner of Global Summer School (GSS) in 2018. ‘DIGITIZE’ was the brief of the GSS and at its simplest, it refers to the translation of analogue information into digital information. With rapid advancements in the capabilities and tools of digitization, it’s becoming increasingly possible to virtually translate and store every aspect of life in digital form, moving closer to the networked interconnections of everyday objects. This allows us to transform and evolve information in real time, via a global exchange of information between multiple connected devices.

The aim of the workshop was to explore a series methodologies looking to incorporate advanced design thinking, generative algorithms and dynamic material feedback to existing industrial processes, accompanied with novel interfaces for robotic programming and large scale automated construction.

During the workshop, participants had the opportunity to explore form finding strategies through digital tools and scale models which were later built as a series of digitally fabricated architectural elements in 1:1 scale, embedded with smart sensorial interactions.

Workshop : Global Summer School // IAAC, 2018

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2018 // IAAC

Parametric Modeling 1 4 Parameter for changing the length of the side bars

Parameter for changing the length of the middle bars

3 2

Parameter for changing the position of the center

Turning and twisting the bounding box for variation

The intensive workshop was primarily focused on parametric design and exploring the possibilities of achieving a catalogue of designs to compare and contrast the similarities and differences between the different possible outcomes.

Grasshopper for Rhino was the tool to explore these designs and Michel Pryor’s pufferfish was used extensively.

To make it easier for the students to grasp the complexity, the entire process was subdivided into 2 parts, module detailing and the overall global geometry.

The modules were then morphed onto the global geometry to arrive at a form which could be fabricated keeping all the rods different.

Robotic Simulation The rods were bent using a custom jig designed and fabricated especially for this project. Since all the pieces are customized, we had to be sure of the Z-codes generated from the grasshopper script. The entire process was first visualized digitally and then replicated physically.

There are 3 types of information that was necessary for the KUKA arm, the distance between the bends, the axial rotation and the bending angle. Since the entire process was done from scratch, the calibration took some time to be precise.

Moving the rod

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Turning the axis

Bending the rod

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2021 // DIGITAL FUTURES

09

Form Finding using 3D Graphic Statics

Role : Workshop Participant Scope of Work : Understanding principles of 3DGS and applying them as form finding exercise Software Used : Rhino, Maya, Grasshopper

3D Graphic Statics is a structural form-finding method for generating compression-only funicular structures.

In 3D graphic statics, the static equilibrium of structures is described by using two reciprocal diagrams and their geometric relationship – form and force. The change in one diagram will affect the geometry in other. Therefore, designers have direct control over the form and the forces at the same time.

In short, the force diagram is represented as a set of closed convex polyhedral cells, and each polyhedron represents one node (within the form diagram). Two polyhedral cells sharing the same brep face are equal to two adjacent nodes, interconnected by the rod. The intensity of the force in the rod is proportional to the area of the brep face, while the orientation is generated iteratively until its direction coincides with the normal vector of the face.

This workshop by Zaha Hadid Architects, Computation & Design Group , London, UK and University of Calgary SAPL, Calgary , Canada was an introduction to Architectural Geometry that focuses on the synthesis of shapes that guarantee structural and fabrication optimality.

The workshop will explore the relevance of this state-of-the-art design and construction paradigm in the realm of complex, multi-objective, precision manufactured, computational geometry projects.

Workshop : Timber Tectonics // Digital Futures, 2021

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2021 // DIGITAL FUTURES

3D render of a pod made using 3DGS

Form Finding through 3D Graphic Statics

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Fabrication Strategy

Robotic fabrication strategies explored during the workshop in the digital realm

One of the most unique properties of computational graphic statics is that the form of the structure can be modified or controlled through the geometry of the force diagrams.

Exploration of structural forms by constraining, optimizing, manipulating and designing the geometry of the force diagrams has the potential to

significantly broaden the design space. Computational implementations of graphic statics through interactive platforms enable uninhibited exploration of these new force-driven design spaces, and discovery of unforeseen structural possibilities freed from any institutionalized biases or prejudices.

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Anuj Mittal

anujmittal15@gmail.com +44-7721688184