Sustainable Urban Development City of Kitakyushu
CASBEE Kitakyushu
Motohide Yazu Director Buildings and City Planning Bureau City of Kitakyushu
Overview of Kitakyushu City
â– Geographic characteristics
Tokyo
China
Seoul Shanghai
Kitakyushu 500km 1000km
Taiwan 2000km
Viet NamPhilippines Thailand 4000km Cambodia
Malaysia Singapore Population: 1 million Indonesia Area: 488 km2 Status: Designated City (as same as Prefecture Government )
6000km 2
Kitakyushu Public Transportation Network Honshu
Genkainada Sea
Ka nm on S tr ait
Shimonoseki
Suonada Sea Mt. Hohashira
City of Kitakyushu 33.5 km
Mt. Fukuchi (900.8 m above sea level)
Hiraodai
33.8 km
JR Monorail Chikuho Railway
City center Urban Area
3
Overcoming Severe Environmental Pollution
Severe Air Pollution In 1950s & 1960s
Present
Residents enjoying blue sky
Swimming at Dokai Bay
“Dokai Bay, Sea of Death”
Recovered Blue Skies and Sea, people enjoying the clean environment
4
City Profile
Kitakyushu City merged from 5 Cities in 1963 for strengthening governance capability
50th anniversary in 2013 ・Efficient governance in wide point of view ・Integration of each characteristics and resources ・Transportation system connecting each compact district ・Strengthening environmental control authority
5
City Profile
History and City Growth
1901 Yawata Steel Works
1920 TOTO LTD.
1925 YASKAWA Electric
Industries born in Kitakyushu
1935 Moji Port
Tachinoura Container Terminal
International Trade 6
Population （1000 people) 1100 1080 1060 1040 1020 1000 980 960 940 920～ ～ 0 900
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Population
30%
2010
29.1% 25.3%
25%
Japan (average) City of Kitakyushu
20.1%
15.7%
15%
12.7%
6.3%
5%
4.8%
7.1% 5.9%
7.9%
23.1%
19.2%
20%
10%
26.9%
22.2%
9.1% 8.7%
10.3%
17.3% 14.5%
12.0% 10.3%
7.2%
0% 1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Change and Estimate for the Elderly in Kitakyushu and Japan
7
Industry
■Industry Kitakyushu City got its start from government-owned Yahata Works in 1901, and has developed as one of the four major industrial zones in Japan. Nowadays the city takes advantage of the accumulation of industry to upgrade the existing industrial technology, and promotes the entire industrial structure to upgrade and soft economy.
▲Statistic survey results on industrial business (constituent ratio of numbers of offices and employees, and shipment values by medium groups of industries) *From 2003 Census of Manufactures
8
Town development Kitakyushu City intends to promote: direction of urban formation
City planning master plan
[City area zone] Water-front city area
Base areas
City center or sub-center
In-town areas [Peripheral urban area]
Area base Next-generation industry base Material flow base Recreation base
[Natural or rural zone]
R&D base New urban development base Wide-area sightseeing base International exchange base
Exchange axis
9
Kokura city center area ■Kokura as a characteristic city center Kokura is creating the town as a characteristic center of the two-million city, by developing the JR Kokura Station area and river as well as roads, bridges, parks, and city area zones in an integrated manner. City’s comprehensive projects include “mytown and my-river development project” for creating safe and comfortable town.
Kokura city center
10
Hibikinada area ■Kitakyushu Eco-Town project aiming to be an ecological metropolis Since July 1997, the city has been promoting the Kitakyushu Eco-Town Project, aiming to take a leadership role toward the realization of a sustainable and evolvable society on an axis of the promotion of the environment/recycling industry. The project is based on the alliance among citizens, enterprises, and government that has been developed in the process of overcoming environmental pollution. The project is also based on the technologies, human resources, and industrial infrastructure the city has cultivated as “the town of manufacture” as well as the systematic international environmental cooperation structure having experience for more than 20 years. Hibikinada area
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Higashida area ■Higashida area new town development In the Higashida area, a “land readjustment project” is implemented utilizing large idle sites owned by enterprises, aiming to promote functional integration of commercial, office and residential quarters to ensure new town development. A “Yawata Higashida green village project” is promoted through cooperation among the industrial, public and academic sectors to develop an environment-conscious town, as a model of world’s ecological metropolis that Kitakyushu City aims to be.
Higashida area
12
Rental of Electric Bicycle
13
Green Growth Policies and Measures （Industrial & Economic)
Facilitating Resource Circulation and Eco-Industries
Practical Research Area
Practical Research Facilities : 16 Practical Research Projects：56
Comprehensive Eco-Industrial Complex, Hibiki Recycling Area Industrial Plants: 29
Outcome of Projects Environment: Reduction of Environmental Impact／0.38 million ton CO2, Saving Resources and Energy Economy: Investment: 66 billion yen Private sector: 71.7%, National Government: 18.2%, Local Government:10.1%） Employees: 1,340 people Visitors: 1million people (as of October 2011) Source: Environment Bureau, City of Kitakyushu
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Green Growth Policies and Measures （Industrial & Economic) Industrialization of Green Policy: Local Energy Generation
Kitakyushu Smart Community Hydrogen 副生水素 (by-product)
Power grid Natural Gas Co-Generation System
Hydrogen Network Fuel cells
Smart Building
IT grid
Large Scale Battery
スマート Smart コミュニティ Community センター Center
Hydrogen Supply Station Term: 2010 to 2014 Investment: $ 190 million CO2 Reduction: 50% Renewable Energy: 10%
Smart Houses
Wind Power 15,000 kw (Virtual)
Rent-a-cycle Station
Smart School
Photovoltaic Generation
Smart Data Center
Realization of optimized energy use per region, through coordination between new and mainstay energy sources and introduction of a control system for both energy supply and demand.
15
About CASBEE Kitakyushu
Efforts on CASBEE Kitakyushu, Comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency
16
CASBEE Family CASBEE Family Housing scale
Published Under development
CASBEE for Home (detached house) [Tool-11]
Basic tools Building scale
CASBEE for Pre-design [Tool-0]
CASBEE for Temporary Construction (Tool-1TC）
CASBEE for New Construction [Tool-1]
CASBEE for New Construction (brief version)（Tool-1B）
CASBEE for Existing Building [Tool-2]
CASBEE for Existing Building (brief version)（Tool-2B）
CASBEE for Renovation [Tool-3]
CASBEE for Renovation (brief version)（Tool-3B）
Detailed assessment of heat island CASBEE for Local Government Edition
CASBEE for HI [Tool-4] Urban scale
CASBEE-Nagoya
CASBEE for Urban Development CASBEE-Osaka
CASBEE for Urban Area
CASBEEKitakyushu
etc
CASBEE-for School
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Evaluation on Kitakyushu’ Kitakyushu’s GHGs Emission ■ Beneficiary-pays Principle ■ Emitter-pays Principle (Evaluation of CO2 emission at generation site) (Evaluation of CO2 emission at products consumption site) 18.0
18.0
16.0
16.0
14.0
14.0
12.0
12.0
10.0
10.0
16.0
8.0 6.0
12.0
8.0 6.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
-2.0
-2.0
Present (2006)
Future (2030)
9.1
Present (2006)
Emitter-pays Principle
7.8
Absorption 吸収源 Other GHGs ＣＯ２以外 Energy Conversion, etc. エネルギー転換他 Transportation 運輸 Commercial & Other Sector 民生業務 Residential 民生家庭 Industries 産業
Future (2030) Beneficiary-pays Principle
Present (2006)
Future (2030)
Present (2006)
Future (2030)
Absorption
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other GHGs
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
Energy Conversion, etc.
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.6
Transportation
1.4
0.8
1.4
0.8
Commercial & Other Sector
1.3
0.8
1.3
0.8
Residential
1.0
0.8
1.0
0.8
Industries
10.9
8.3
3.5
3.5
Total
16.0
12.0
9.1
7.8
Source: City of Kitakyushu, CASBEE Open Seminar on 29th July 2010
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Application of CASBEE by Local Government １
Nagoya City
２
Osaka City
Environment-conscious system for building CASBEE Nagoya
April 2004
１３
Kitakyushu City
Comprehensive assessment system for environmental efficiency CASBEE Kitakyushu
November 2007
Comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency CASBEE Osaka
October 2004
１４
Saitama City
Environment-conscious system for building CASBEE Saitama
April 2009 October 2009
３
Yokohama City
Environment-conscious promoting system for building CASBEE Yokohama
July 2005
１５
Saitama Prefecture
Environment-conscious system for building CASBEE Saitama Prefecture
４
Kyoto City
Plan document system of emission reduction from specific buildings CASBEE Kyoto
October 2005
１６
Aichi Prefecture
Environment-conscious system for building CASBEE Aichi
October 2009
５
Osaka Prefecture
Environment-conscious system for building
April 2006
１７
Kanagawa Prefecture
Plan document system on measures against global warming for building CASBEE Kanagawa
April 2010
６
Kyoto Prefecture
Plan document system of emission reduction from specific buildings
April 2006
１８
Niigata City
Comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency CASBEE Niigata
April 2010
７
Kobe City
Comprehensive system for building environmental efficiency CASBEE Kobe
October 2006
１９
Hiroshima City
Environment-conscious system for building CASBEE Hiroshima
April 2010
８
Kawasaki City
Environment-conscious system for building CASBEE Kawasaki
October 2006
Tottori Prefecture
Environment-conscious system for building CASBEE Tottori
April 2010
９
Hyogo Prefecture
Comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency
October 2006
Chiba Prefecture
Environment-conscious system for building
April 2010
１０
Shizuoka Prefecture
Comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency CASBEE Shizuoka
July 2007
２２
Kumamoto Prefecture
Environment-conscious system for building CASBEE Kumamoto
October 2010
１１
Fukuoka City
Environment-conscious system for building CASBEE Fukuoka
October 2007
２３
Kashiwa City
Environment-conscious system for building CASBEE Kashiwa
January 2011
１２
Sapporo City
Environment-conscious system for building CASBEE Sapporo
November 2007
２０ ２１
A total of 23 municipalities have introduced CASBEE.
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Application of CASBEE – In Education １ . Utilization in universities and professional training for architects ⇒ Kitakyushu University, Keio University, Tokyo City University, Tohoku Tohoku University, Waseda University, etc
Environmental planning exercise based on CASBEE (A case in Kitakyushu Univ.) Before レーダーチャート Q-2 5
Q-1
1
LR-1
LR-3
Level 1
LR-2
5
Level 1
4
Q-1
Before
*1 壁長さ比率:（外周壁の長さ＋耐力壁の長さ）(m)÷ 専用面積(m2) Wall length ratio: (External wall length + bearing wall length) (m) / footprint (m2)
重み係数 ＝0.50
3 2
重み係数＝0.15
Q-3
LR-3 重み係数＝0.20
LR-2
50
1.1
BEE=1.0
B
B+
基準
BEE=0.5 BEE=1.1 C
0 41 建築物の環境負荷 L
重み係数＝0.30
BEE=1.5
BEE=3.0
100 重み係数＝0.35
0
LR-1
A
BEEによる建築物のサス テナビリ ティランキング
1
重み係数＝0.50
S
B-
重み係数＝0.30
After レーダーチャート Q-2
3.1.2.Spatial configuration and flexibility 3.1.2 空間の形状・自由さ
Issues are that the kitchen has no windows and that the living
重み係数＝0.20
重み係数＝0.50
Kitchen の配置計画はなされているが、Livingや Kitchen layout has already been planned but there is Diningに関しての具体的なイメージは計画されてい no specific planning for living room and dining room. ない。
問題としては、Kitchenには窓がなく、またLiving room and the dining room do not have any openings on the やwall Diningにおいては、隣接する住戸側に開口部を adjacent to neighboring houses, which makes the wall 設けられないため、壁の長さが長くなっている。 long.
Q-3
2 0
1.2.3Interior 内装計画 1.2.3 decorating plan
壁長さ比 ： wall 壁の長さ13.0m ÷ 専用面積15.61m Wall length＊1 ratio: length 13.0m / footprint 15.61m2 = 0.8 2 ＝ 0.8
重み係数＝0.15
3
BEE=1.5
BEE=3.0
100
4
重み係数 ＝0.50
BEEによる建築物のサス テナビリ ティランキング
重み係数＝0.35
建築物の環境品質・性能 Ｑ
Level 1 設計者のコンセプトでは、この住戸は老人の一人暮 According to the designer’s concept, this house is らしや、老夫婦を対象に計画したとのことであるが、 designed for single elderly person or elderly couple. Although dimensions in the house comply with the barrier住戸内の寸法に関しては、建築基準法で定められて free standards in Building Standards Act, the building いるバリアフリーの基準を満たしているが、この棟 does not meet Accessible Building Law at all. 自体はハートビル法の基準を全く満たしていない。
2001541008 笠井理絵 200154008 Rie Kasai Width of passageways is narrower than 廊下の幅は狭く、180cmを満たしておらず、 180cm, and riser and tread do not satisfy また、蹴上げ・踏み面に関してもハートビル the reference values of Accessible 法の利用円滑化基準チェック値をも満たし Building Law. ていない。
建築物の環境品質・ 性能 Ｑ
Q-2 Q-2 Service サービス性能 performance 1.1.3 バリアフリー計画 1.1.3 Barrier-free plan
S
A
BEE=1.0
B
B+
2.0
B-
50 基準
BEE=0.5 BEE=2.0 C
0 33 建築物の環境負荷 L
Self review and re-evaluation about design assignment of a junior student of university
2. Research paper has increased on local governments which adopt CASBEE.
20
Assessment Result Sheet (1)Outline of the building
(2)-2 Lifecycle CO2 (global warming chart)
(2)-3 Rader chart
(2)-1 BEE results
=
Q L
(2)-4 CASBEE assessment results: bar chart
21
Display of Assessment Result for Each Area (1) 2-1 Environmental Efficiency of building (BEE ranking & Chart)
Environmental efficiency of building ○BEE ranking S ：★★★★★ A B+ BC
：★★★★ ：★★★ ：★★ ：★
BEE chart
2-2 Lifecycle CO2 (Global warming influence chart)
Lifecycle CO2 ○Ranking by LCCO2 30% or less:
☆☆☆☆☆
60 % or less:
☆☆☆☆
80% or less:
☆☆☆
100% or less:
☆☆
More than 100 %:
☆
Comparison with general buildings (reference)
2-3 Assessment in large categories (Radar chart)
Assessment in large categories Total balance between large categories of environmental quality (Q1Q3) and those of environmental load reduction (LR1-LR3) are displayed using a radar chart. 22
Efforts of Kitakyushu on CASBEE (1) April 2005
City started designing public buildings (more than 2000m2) to be rated as B+ or higher. ・City conducted environmental assessment on public buildings with 2000m2 of floor area and more. ・CASBEE for New Construction (brief version) was used. ・B+ or higher at execution design phase ・Target buildings were public buildings and municipal houses
23
Assessment Results of Public Buildings Name
Intended purpose
２００５
Elementary School F
School
２００５
Elementary School K
School
２００５
Elementary School M
School
２００５
Fire Department F
２００５
Housing complex S Building area 1
Assessment result
Main evalutated items
Made of RC, 3 stories above ground Building area: 900m2 Total floor area: 2,403m2
A (BEE=2.0)
・VOC countermeasures・Consideration for surrounding area ・High-efficiency lighting system ・High-efficiency air conditioning, ventilation systems
Made of RC, partially steel, 3 stories above ground Building area: 4,154m2 Total floor area: 7,847m2
A (BEE=2.4)
・Improved daylight factor and natural ventilation due to large openings ・VOC countermeasures・Consideration for surrounding area ・High-efficiency lighting system ・High-efficiency air conditioning, ventilation systems
Made of RC, 3 stories above ground Building area: 900m2 Total floor area: 72,402m2
A (BEE=1.7)
・Improved daylight factor and natural ventilation due to large openings ・VOC countermeasures ・High-efficiency lighting system ・High-efficiency air conditioning, ventilation systems
Office
Made of RC, 3 stories above ground Building area: 900m2 Total floor area: 2,400m2
B+ (BEE=1.1)
・Efficient lighting control ・Improved reliability of electrical equipment at a time of disaster ・Improved reliability of air conditioning and ventilation equipment at a time of disaster
Apartment Building
Made of RC, 10 stories above ground Building area: 376m2 Total floor area: 3,178m2
B+ (BEE=1.1)
・VOC countermeasures ・External heat insulation
Structure/size
24
24
What is CASBEE Kitakyushu? CASBEE Kitakyushu is a type of “Comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency” that combines nation level assessment based on CASBEE for New Construction (brief version) and assessment specific to Kitakyushu with prioritized points. Academic experts and people from related departments discussed in the board to extract corresponding items from CASBEE for New Construction (brief version) as prioritized points.
Image of CASBEE Kitakyushu Common in nationwide
CASBEE for New Construction (brief version) Environmental efficiency ranking for buildings: 5-point scale (Excellent – poor)
Specific to Kitakyushu City
Prioritized items in Kitakyushu
Efforts level ①Contribution to recycling society ②Promotion of measures against global warming ③Conservation of rich natural environment ④Response to aging society
+
25
Efforts on Prioritized Items of Kitakyushu Results ■使用評価マニュアル： 北九州市建築物総合環境性能評価制度マニュア ルV er1.0
■使用評価ソフト： CASBEE北九州_ 2008( v 1.0)
Outline of building 1 建物概要 建物名称
○○ビル
BEE
1.4
BEEランク
B+
★★★
Efforts level on prioritized items 2 重点項目への取組み度 Prioritized items 重点項目
得点※/満点
Efforts level 取組み度
Evaluation 評価
Contribution
循環型社会へ to recycling 1 の貢献 society
Try harder
2.9 /5
がんばろう
3.5 /10
Acceptable ふつう
Promotion of measures
地球温暖化対
against 2 策の推進 global warming
/5
Conservation of rich 豊かな自然環 natural 境の確保 environment
4.0 /10
高齢社会への Response to 4 対応 aging society
4.0 /10
3
※
Good よい
/5
/5
対応するCASBEEのスコア（平均）を5点満点で表示し ます。（スコア1.0＝1点、スコア5.0＝5点）
よい Good
評価 凡例
Good よい 4 points or 4 higher
点以上
Acceptable ふつう 3 points or 3 higher
点以上
Try harder がんばろう Lower than 3 3 points 点未満
Results of efforts level on the four prioritized items in CASBEE Kitakyushu is shown by the number of characters on a five-point scale. Assessment result is shown on a scale of one to three with a facial expression of the character (good, acceptable, try harder) in a straightforward manner. 26
Prioritized Items in CASBEE Kitakyushu CASBEE Kitakyushu expects special consideration for construction of new buildings and extension of buildings with regard to the following four prioritized items based on the city’s environmental policy. Prioritized item 1: Contribution to recycling society Prioritized item 2: Promotion of measures against global warming Prioritized item 3: Conservation of rich natural environment Prioritized item 4: Response to aging society 27
Situation of Notification Annual numbers of notification ２００５
２００６
２００７
２００８
２００９
２０１０
２０１１
２０１２
計
Public building
７
６
６
２
５
１
０
０
２７
Private building
－
－
５
１８
１４
１８
２５
２
８２
Total
７
６
１１
２０
１９
１９
２５
２
１０９
Amount of CO2 emission (t-co2/year)
Graph of CO2 emission
※Until the end of July, 2012
Legend
28
PR Using a Character of CASBEE Kitakyushu
PR with business cards
北九州市建築都市局指導部 建築指導課 指導係長
櫨
本
浩
一
〒８０３－８５０１ 北九州市小倉北区城内1-1 ＴＥＬ：０９３－５８２－２５３１ FAX：０９３－５６１－７５２５ kennchiku_sidou01@city.kitakyushu.lg.jp
PR with eco bags 29
Second Phase Joint Project in M District, Takami, Takami, Yahata
Development area
Location of the project
What is Model Projects for Houses and Buildings that Promote Low CO2 Emissions? (Currently Leading Projects for Houses and Buildings that Promote Low CO2 Emissions)
Development center district Yahata Takami district for comprehensive urban development project
Government seeks proposal of houses and buildings project that can lead to the realization of low CO2 emissions and subsidizes a part of the development cost for adopted projects. At the first invitation of proposals in 2009, 16 projects were adopted out of 46 proposals in general sector.
Adopted as model projects to promote low CO2 emissions in 2009!
30
Outline of Proposed Project Environmental model city / Kitakyushu
Kitakyushu Green Frontier Plan to pioneer low-carbon social economy in Asia
Feedback to municipal government Information disclosure to the citizens and the local industries Improving awareness by promoting model project
Policy: Environmental consciousness creates advanced city (Shift to stock type society to realize low-carbon emissions)
Yahata Takami District Comprehensive urban development project “Town of cherry trees, waterside and good communication” Joint project over condominium Nextage Takami Shichijo No.2 Low CO2 emission x landscape + government-private sector joint project (Joint sale with Kitakyushu City Housing corporation)
“-Shift to eco-friendly house and lifestyle! Eco housing model rooted in community-” Solar power generation system
HEMS system
South- facing balcony, shade hook
Car/cycle sharing
Exterior thermal insulation
Eco-life manual, regular debrief session
Large sash opening Multilayer glass LED lighting
Utilization of recycle building material
All-electric system, natural cooling, heat pump water heater
Model building Verification of CO2 reduction
Skeleton-infill
Ventilation slits Seismic isolated structure
Green exterior, permeable pavement
200年住宅モデル の実現
《Three approaches to realize “CO2 reduction x landscape” 》 Ⅰ
Exterior thermal insulation and proactive use of natural energy
Achievement of 200
Recommendation Ⅱ Ⅲ year long life house of ecological lifestyle model
Specific verification and proactive promotion of results
31
Eco House Model Project by Ministry of Environment 2010
Eco House Kitakyushu, where you can touch, feel and learn Designated as one of the twenty areas out of 59 applicants nationwide
City’s environmental policy performance and proposed idea were evaluated.
Integration of passive design and new technology makes the concept
Building featuring universality, technology and collaboration has completed
As it is located in Environmental Museum, it has the best adoption rate in Japan 32
Eco House Kitakyushu Adoption of Eco House is expected to become popular to reduce CO2 emissions from residential sector
３
features
１ ２ ３
Sunlight shielding
Daylight
Thermal insulation Air tight utilization Maintaining Cross Natural material environmental basic Ventilation Thermal storage ventilation performance A comfortable house that can minimize the necessary
energy for living
Utilizing natural / renewable energy
House that harnesses natural energy to the full with relying upon fossil fuel as little as possible, based on basic environmental performance. Various ideas are applied to make the most of sunlight, solar heat, wind, earth thermal, water and temperature difference.
Ecological lifestyle Designed for comfortable living such as harnessing and the way of living water and green, leading an appropriate life for each stage of life. 33
How is Eco House Kitakyushu Designed? Utilizing natural energy
Sunlight irradiation
Utilizing solar heat
Good ventilation
Utilizing the sunlight
Saving energy for heating
Devising how to open the windows
Creative ideas for modern house Applying knowledge of traditional houses
●Making eaves longer, planting deciduous trees. Shielding sunlight in summer and taking in sunlight in winter.
Green roof
Cool tube
Design to block heat
●Thermal insulation material and dead-air space
●Double glazed glass with dead-air space
Eco House Kitakyushu can reduce CO2 by about 3,700kg a year, which is about 60 % reduction.
Stabilizing room temperature
Utilizing earth thermal
The amount is equivalent to
２６５ cedar 34 trees
34
CASBEE Assessment Result BEE ranking Ｓ ★★★★★ 2-1 Environmental efficiency of the residence (BEE ranking & chart)
Environmental quality Q
Environmental quality Ｑ
2-1 Environmental efficiency of the building (BEE ranking & chart)
Environmental load Ｌ
Apartment in M district Takami, Yahata
Environmental load Ｌ
Detached house Eco House 35